https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/f00d0769cb564a81d71c8e2b046fb15c.pdf 86dfe913ec5a09f7a55ff9dcbb4b6ce0 PDF Text Text SMEAD 88 SP59940 �THOMAS ALLEN • CHIEF INSPECTOR �THOMAS ALLEN • CHIEF INSPECTOR ', ~ OFFICEOF STATE INSPECTOR OF COAL MINES ~~-GEFICE B Y I ~ ~j,2 c'./?P /7'01- ;:/ijlf£X DENVER, COLORADO I· •• .JM- ~ /~ ~ I ~•%~,~ d£,wdf~d ,7/~~~L~~ r~ b/4 ~~!<4/k ~ ~ . • , ~ ;~ .<r~/ljere~ di£ 1/4 / ~ ~ . ~ �F. P. McCALL, BOARD OF EDUCATION ,, '. Superintendent H. A. RENNY, Preeident Hanna Public Schools School Disbict Number 7 S . D. BRIGGS, Clede ROBERT NORRIS, Tre1111Ur"" G.E. BULLOCK FRANK RYDER Hanna, Wyoming .April 12,1938 Hro Ro Ro Knill, Safety Engineer Union Pacifi c Coal Company, Rock Spring s, \lyomingo Dear Mro Knill : Reference is made to the letter of Mro Eo H. Denny under date of April 6th with regard to the time at which Mr. Bird would find it convenient to be a t Hanna Schools for the exami nation of the members of the Safety Class and·-r wish to advise tha t 1-laY 5th. as desig~ted in Hr . Denny's letter will be entirely sa tisfa ctory wi th us a nd we will call this class for examination at any hour t hat Viill be convenient with Mro B 4 ·rd o For your informat i on I wish to say that there are four girls.and ten boys in this class 0 Very sincerely yours, FPM/ac cc to Mr. E. H. Denny Mr. o. G. Sharrer Mr. J. B. Moulton, J,~~ Superintendent �THE UNION PACI:F:CC CO.A:. CQj\[J?ANY TO NEW EMPLOYEES: You have accepted employment as an experienced \vorkman. This com;pa~y . does___not want men who are careless and who -~~ereby lay themselves and their fellow workmen open to injury. No ma~ter in ,~hat kind of a _job you will work you ai:e j _o_in~ng a grou];! of careful workmen dir~cted ?.Y careful foremen and you will be expeoted to keep up with them in the matter of safety. Over half of the men injured in our mines are hurt at the working face by top coal and rock. This coal is high and the loose coal on the faG9 P.".Ust be watched. Examine the place wllE>i-e you w0rk and "MAKE IT SAFE." A, W,, Dickinson Safety Engineer. �/ ! t__ • • ·o r., ~'... u ;" ' J 'J 0 a_t 0 :l o ~ ~ . .... . :.. -- ...,... . ) "! ... . .. . r'\,. .. ~ ....... ;- ,____ ~ • , ... • ",) ., 1 _ _, I . .. - ,. ·, --· -·-·- r 6 (' • • .... t,• " ••• Cr �~e~~eee~~cie~e~m~e, • e m ~ e'I e FIRECRACKERS BRING 1B MENACE OF FIRE m e Yo. -.gsters are cautioned e m against the indiscreet use of 1B m • fire crackers this week of the e m glorious Fourth, the fire chief e ~ announced yesterday. e m With proper. regard for safe• e e ty being employed, fire crackers 1B I ~ in the main cease to be n dang- m , $ er, but carelessness often creeps 1B $ In, according to the chief, and m 1 O n fire or injuries to cWldren ls • e • ~ liable to result. 1B , $ Youngsters are cautioned to ~ O explode the c.r nckers In places m e.'1 where buildings may be out of e.'I C'1 danger; especlnlly does this np- e3 ~ ply to Romnn candles, sky rock- m ~ (•ts, and other forms of crackers ~ ffi where the explosion tnkes pince m ~ at a distance. Extreme caution ~ El.'! should be used in the direction $ m cmckers of this nature are $ t'.3 pointed when th<'Y nre about to l:l'l m be fired. 0 ~ 0 ~ mee$$ CH:H!H~eooom~m �Rock Springs - March 27, 19250 Mr. J. Ao Smith: I notice that a good many of our oxygen tanks for helmets are not painted any distinctive color 80 that we may know them from the commercial tanks of oxygen being shipped to us. I would suggest that you arrange at all of our camps to have some distinctive mark on the oxygen we use for helmet worko My remembrance is that we formerly painted a red and white stripe around the center of the tank. Wish you would look into this and see what we can develop 80 that there will be no mistake in having men use commercial oxygen for helmet work as you understwid this is different oxygen than that used for cb �Omaha - April 15, 1925. Mro J. A. Smith: I have given a good deal of thought to the safety items discussed at the meeting held in the First Aid Hall, Rock s'p rings, April 8th, and certain definite impressions linger very strongly with me, which in substance are : (a) Our mine supervisory forces are still looking on out safety campaign as a transient institution, which, after having a brief' da.y, will be a thing f'orgotten . . (b) That the daily saf'ety program is very largely, by our superintendents and subordinate mine officials, looked upon as consisting almost wholly of putting in the certain specif'io improvements that are authorized, f'orgetful of the fact that an open door, failure to carry air to one point at the faoe, careless handling of explosives by one man, the improper installation and maintenance of a piece of equipment, with failure to maintain proper clearance at a given point, as well as many other similar things, all of which are 95% supervision, carry the full potential of an individual fatality or a major accident. As I stated to the superintendents and foremen, no expenditure on the part of the Company, or no army of supervisory general officers, can be made to serve as a substitute for the proper attitude of mind on the part of the men directly in charge of operation, and that is something that we must get, if it is necessary to relieve the men we have and get men who are capable of developing that attitudeo To me it seems rather tragic that such things as a defectively hung door, which will not definitely close, should be allowed to exist in one o:f our mines. My understanding is that an open door is looked upon as the most plausible cause for the Sublet accident, costing thirty-nine lives, last year. �- 2 - I hope you will press each of the individual points developed by the Joint Committee at the first examination, as well as that now under way, to such conclusion with our mine superintendents that a condition once found will not be found again in the same propertyo Please see that Mro McClelland develops an equally rigit attitude as regards ventilationo .Am. sending copy of this letter to Mr . Prydepwith the feeling that he will support you in the fullest way. _, / CC-Bro Go B. Pryde �Roelc. Spr~ngs ... April 28, 1925. l1ir~J...--Di~i;-.c::u/: I o.m odvi.oed by !81". Smith that th:3 Joint axo.minatio,n of the Safety Committa0 yesterday developex1 tho faot ·thnt No. 4 rooin Glopzi in tlo. 4 Uine, Rook Springo, v-ae over ~TIO b.unclx-ad x' oat al:pa.d of ~i;h0 clro Ho i~die:tely ordered these uorking places stopped ui:lichp of oour 00 0 000 tho pr ope~ thing to do• and reported this f!lat'tex- ·to s in yot.T c.boence. to beli aa tha:~ ho ovoz-loolrnd thio o itua-;;ion., You pTobahly recall that uhen lli,• l.'lcAuliffo had all the Suparin- tondonto in w; office oolll3 M.m0 ngo, ue uont OVeJi' the last report of the Safety \ mum; t,o 1.rnpt up to tho oorkiDg faco, and I ·~ ougM 'ihet ual;) thoroughly under• ctocd hy all pr0seJ1t and, psrsoually 0 I ao labodFJ,g undGi" no misoonception as to . ~. BcAw.ix' f 0° s attitude in the nat·tCT \J'hich io GJ1til"'ely right am proper. I ! oew1ot conceive tlhy these ordore should no-t have been conveyed by all Superintondon~s ·t o their li'Q:romn and ~~iaiely ccn!lpliame demanded. ' ,pould at. once nnko a i'igid • I uieh youinveotigation of this caae, ' getting all the particulars from Lll'°• Smt b 0 i'in~ng out from Mr. 1'.1cCarty if ho failed to transmit the inotruotioins r .a eoived nt ·the moating m.tb Mr. ilcAulitfo to hie Foremsn and if ho did no-'u do 00 0 uhy Tae fa.iled to do soo on the other hand 9 tho ill.no 1.i'w ogm ill t\ certH>:ied I!lru'l, h~ving been certified by the State to tuko care of the safety of the men and the pro'!a per·ty and I cen see no exouse for his failure to comply \11th the State LD.\1s \11th ;ragnrd to ventilation. After you havo invos·~igat0d this case thoroughly, I chall ox.poet �in the abeal"loo o'1 any enteaueting Qircmmstruacea that you ordex- !Jr. flq_oda 9 il:mnodia.ts ; dis cb arge. It o 0e1ro that tis must stari s O:ill3 place i o imp1·oss upon our o t'fioial a the doofr e oi tho high er !/ tta State Miming lw\70o ;' .,1· ,'! t /t I " cb �Omaha - June 5, 1925. Mr. J. A. Smith: Your weekly report of June 2nd: I regret the controversy be-ti.Teen individual members of the Union and the State Inspector. In a case of this sort our du~J is clear 1st - Where ,ve are v,rrong the property should be put right at once, and that without regard to expense. 2nd - Where the State Inspector is right we should support him. I feel that we have obtained from Mr . Dyer of' the Bureau of Mines a very broad analysis of' our ventilation situation, which I de:t'initely f'eel is of paramount importance, all else secondary thereto, and I am hopeful that 1.1r. Denny's reports will be equally constructive. I .feel that our ventilation situation is not yet perfect and �Rock Spri2JGe • Movem'oar 2nd, 1925. Report ot disposal of the Qasea of Subject: vi.olo.tion of State l1;1tt • Mines ~ atlid 8, Roe!: Sp~ings, \?yarning. Otl Thurod~y O Octob0~ 29th; Ur. Uil:l,iem r.'1ui'A"O.Y', il:tapecti11g engineer :regular inspection undo1rgrolli'ld ia 11ino No . 8, dovoloped ·~he fact that six W1derground ewploycs had in their possession °m:l.tahoo ru1d other inflammable Company rul0s being repoJ?ted to Suporim0m10u·:; F. x.. .. LloCe~y , the men appre- hond~d uoro lnid off ic!llodia.tely and iho matte~ reported to thie office. In di0eusaion of the ca.oo uith S·~ato l'ilne Iusp0otor Hugh rJcLeod on Satt!E'day filOrnin~, October 3lat, i·~ uae errunged tho.t the offenders, inelud~n3 a.loo tuo oc:m fE'Om lli.ne Uo. 2 t1ho uore chrucgctl t1ith the se.me infraction, ohould be brought to my office in Roolr Spi. .ings 0111 r:rronday r.iorning at ton o·'clook. Acoordingly, at ton o'clock of this doto, "iiha eigh:t man concerned t1el"e bro~ht in e.nd there were also prosent the RevG~0111d Ii'atho:r Auton Scbiffrer of the t!orth Si.de Catholic Church• Fede~ inspoctor Uilliam l.'iurray, Stato :r.iina Inspeetor Hugh :UoLeod, President Uarli,n Call.ill of the U.U.D. ff A., Di,stri:ct 22, !ll'ld Vico President George Young of tho So.@0 Distr-.tct o Safety E:ngineeu. . Jaok Smith uas also pree.ent. I made a. gGnefal statemouro of the oaae and the charges for this office, then requested Inspeotor :~uI'my to sta.t6 the facts in the npprohenaion of the offenders. Stnte fine !iwpector ·McLeod ~7ae then called U!)On for a. statement as to the existing oining la.o m1d tho attitude or the Stnte mi.nine department in the premioos. !:!r. r.:oLood 'o address to the meeting \'.las vory �forQai'ul and certainly left no room for doubt ac to tho attitu<lo of the- State mining dopartmonto President f:.11.:1.l"tin Co.hill then addross0d the moc.rHng. told tho rnon of tho mtplooiol'ls in Uyomiri:J l;l.Ild urged upon 'iihem tho necessity for saH-proteetio11. I-lo a.loo told them '~hat the t1,it0d lli.vrn \"Jorkox·s o: tho Sto.:!ie were them- l1cL0otl ~ml ri1y:::olf', ·Uw r,100ting \W.s broug_1t to o.u encl. Tho Reverend ·Anton Schiff.. re:r \:J"a.a a.G!cetl to explaia ·to h:l.o peoplo the uoicdls of ·i:,h0 oompo..ny :n.ales a~d the t:ould bo i' ollou0d by charges uhich voiucl hdYI[; ,e11O mm1 bafo,·o the Justiee -Court ncd fine::: vould bo applied. of th0 Rock Springe mi11es, 'iJhioh indicates th0 mon laid off. the tli?poa:Hion redo or the OC1.ses oi The a:"1.tt.er of ·(;ho posueo.oion of mm.ches and O'~her wf10.!Iwlablo materials undergroU!ild uill bo al.oooly i'ollor1od up 'by the men in clleE"5.o of tho ;properties and the p1•t.:ment ensa \".ill be l>w.lGtinecl by tho Safety Enginoor- :u1 alJ. of the six fields. CC: ab J. A. Smith. / / �0r,1rum - IJov0mb0z• 5 0 1925 o u,;, o Go B o i 8""d0 3 ~,ou~.o 3j;'U 0 r1ith dotu:'l.lo of in.voot:ic;o.t:lo:a oondu.c'i'.iod s>0 o.:r}d:lna; o~ o,.t o i1_ loy as no!'king n,tlos>gX>ou.ml :1: I..tln0 Uo o 8 ~ Roch: Spz,:lngs.? rJith □a.tch0G nu.l D·r10I~:lne:.; nl!:.lt0•;):lo.lo in th0ir posr;0s o:1m:1 g ho.vo 11iot 'fo:'!J;'""ou[:jl•ii om., uv.pc1'\Yiooz~y fer co up to pu&> on the question of cmi'e'i::y mo. ·ctoJ:.' □ yot ~ :h., s>ntl1O:r.· di0com"agi:i.1>g •;;:_n-i; i Lo U o So ~Jm:'OnU of t1ino0 118. ohould i'illltl uholosule dei""... 1 0<0't::.01i o in ono 0£ om.., 1;:dnoov ·t 1r1ic r.r..o.n !'1Utv.1?ally t'Jatehcd clocmly 1r t;__0 min01"'Gv \,ho pea"1mp □ x'eol that hlo rnl'tho:r>_ity is gl"Oator tlm _ 0122 mm m.::.vowioo~y i'OA"'CO o Xf o:'l.e:nt mon u0z.io found in LJo o 8 r1i t .u to'tfn:-1.cco i, I ±'col oafo :ln ocryl 1c tho. t .fif'ty io ono hun/l..,ot1 n :.""O UfJ].n~ GU.Ch in O'lli' oovc: 'GOOD. ill:!.llOS Vie O vrlll have to Z'Oliovo o or.10 of om.. illino uunn{SOl"D !) foz>oI;10n mld putl.. olmon if d0£loe-tio.:10 or 'Ghis sox,t ai.-.o o.11ouocl to continue. I \7:lGh you O..VJ.c.1 Lb:"' o G..u:lth \'mu.ld got bofol'>G Om' 012!)O:i:?"• v:1.socy foz-oo the foot tli..o:t tho :.. oaponsibi1ity for dioob0 ·iio•1co ox' lo..r1 and ruieo is jucrt a..o r.:ruo.:1 the of'x'enoe of th0 Zoa·c~ o.o 0£ tho :li'ldiVidualp althonc;h 'tho fol'>OE:lllll ri10Y not bo oubJGct to lec;ru. ponultyC! I \·; oul<l ou.12:eoot ·c11at o. ZAOt1 handbill bo put out m1u pooted 11 otrossine tho oltuntiot! (lov0lopcd in no. 0 und thm.-.o uf'te1.. ·chc lm1 'bo enf'orcocl :?..:lpnrt:lnlly aguinot all uli1:o O e pioa �""2 ... Origirol Signed EUGENE McAULIFFE �Omaha - May 7p 1926 Smith: I think you will agree with me that we have approached the hour when our entir e operating staff shouid definitely realize that I am in earnest in t he matter of safeguarding our mineso Perhaps we might say that they should be expect ed to go through a period of adjustment with what seemed to t hem to be new theories of mine managementp eto.p three years, however, in my opinion, representing sufficient t ime to accomplish thiso I am distinctly disappointed, hmvever, in t he factp that ai'ter three years persis tent exploitation on my part of t he necessity for venti l ation in working places and at all faces, it sti11 seems to be neoess• ary for Mr. McLeod to enter our mines te~ling us what we are not doing and uhat vre shou.1d do ~ as was the case in his report of April 21st on Superior B Mine, where he found dip panels being driven with brattice 6 to 12 inches belov, the roof and above t he floor, loose material like- wise st revm along the haulage ,·rays o Vie have suspended two mine foremen for failure to enforce rul"e s - and further deflections will undoubtedly result in dismissal; howeverp I think our -ventilation engineer will find it necessary to exert more agressiveness and I trust you wiil personally see that Mr. McClelland and every man you come in contact with, understands that the suspension period follovring three years of persuasionp will not be continued indefinitely; on the other hand, we propose to enforce the rules, making the mines as safe as possible if it is necessary to attain same through dismissal and replacement. I am sure Mr. Pryde f ully co CC. Mr. G. B. Pryde urs with me in this position. �Rock Springs - July 12th, 19260 forced, aru! you 110 doubt x·0cell the cnse of u rl!!l11l !tl11od &'ecenUy at Uiato11, \'lllen both -tabacco e.nd mat cl100 ue1t0 f ountl ou his p011·son e.x'tex- he died. Iil:i.i.'100 up,rn. a clon0tl li ght. and !)Oi'ralssibfo f>O,itt. OX' LJ GI O:i..G a.t'l.d h~J.V0 placed llin0 Ennninerfl i.n the winos airl look upon t hcoe 1Yrln0s ae b0:h1g potential s'Gituted, thio search to -tnl.0 pbco c.i M10 f!lliltX':i.p, and uhere t/(3 have no r..antrip the mn ehould be soarchocl. as ·Uwy eme:r the ming a :i:i:, prref oruble to have thG seurcll mc,.de by t'i.,O oHicialEJo Ghen men nre f cu:m.1 t'ii ·l;h snot:~ ing t.10.tedol they shoulcl be di t:1chaa·g0tl o Xf tm do not folloc; up thio matter closely in a short ~i:.iro u0 uill have all the man snoldng and, o.s I said before, do not beliov0 ·i:.ho ruat1i0r has been closely enough x'ollcmotl up by our !.'.line I?o:reman. f.n l1l.Ot in fovox- or oec.rching men inaids "tho ul.oo as very little cpn be uccomplishe<.l i.-1 thio manna!s" as thE:'~e aro nuo0rous pluces v1her0 men can hide sDOI:inrs m te::ial in the mine H they are so inclined. as I Uiah you and w. Smith nould (3iv0 this your poroonnl a'M.mr~ion \'JOUld 1:1.ka to 'bo ac:;suz,ed -~.mt \;0 are gottin~ tho x-ooults \70 ohould. cc-r!Ir. J. A. smith ( cb Orlglnl 81,ned: GEORGE B, PRYDE �I Rock Springs - March 28th, 1927. Mr. J. A. Smith: Am wondering if you have taken any further action on extending the use of goggles ted at the Reliance mine: ab mines, such as you institu- �Rocle Springs - June 22nd, 1927. ~Jr . J. A. Sr ith: I run tmnderine; if you have_ done anything regarding the sugge stion I made some ti::ne ago the:t carry canes. 11 our safety men i-.:. a lso Y1ond ring ,.-,hat y ou have done ,;,1i th regard to organizinB voluntee • fire d01)artment s- in our res- pective mi ne di str icts. You will ?robsi.bly re call I had this matter up \·1ith you sore time CC. jg. Mi· . .ri.. ·,v. Dickinson. �Roc k Springs - July 21st, 1927. Mr. J. A. Smith : I not i c e th ~t the combined st r etcher and s plint th at Dr. Fuhrer f i..xed up for us is lyini on th e flo or at the Carpenter Shop in Rock Spring s and ha s been the1· e for s ome time . I think th is ls a rather bad situation, as the Docto1· brought forth a proposal that 1:1e a ll thought s o good tba t we y; ent to the ext ent of mak i ng pl a ns , having i t v,ritten up very extens ively in our mac.>azine . Yet , regardle ss of that , no one has t ake n en ough intere s t i n it to see that it is finished and p ut in service . This , to me , repres ents a situation fo r which there is not mu ch excus e. If t his stretcher i s a good think , let us have it finished; if not, lot l s th.:...~ th r w i t in the scrap pile a nd for r; et about it, but cert a inly somehoul d be done bout ha.v in~ it finished 0.nd put in service, instead of havin 6 it lie aro und indefinitely in t he Carpenter Shop at f:lo ck Springs. In t eJ.kin 6 u ith !!ir . Gibson some time ac,o, he st ated that it was broug!-rl; in hei·e to be padde(l . Certainlr he sho uld hav e fol l owed up this job, seeing t h at it was co rnpleted . If t he job c m111ot be completed her0 , the stretcher s houl d be t a ken bac1: to lleliance , f inis hed and put in se Z"v:i.ce. If it i s a cood thing , bein~ uo rkci.ble 2.nd p ~c tical, mo 1~e s hould be put :''- n service. I hope you -.,ill i mmediately ter. CC: A. ii. Dic!dnson . J!Ir . 1~. i:J. He dill. ]'fr. to take so me action in t his J110.t - �Rock Sl):rings - Augu st 22nd , 1~27 . . J . :.\ , o.b cit,l : �lJr. A. r!. Dic!d.nsoil:/ ' '' tlr. J. A. Smith : V lfoi.7 -~hat the period oi uu catio11 is o~ , a great muuy boys u:r-e fr0quentir1g our shops and o·~hei- millla buildis1g;00 1'. f eu duys ago I found a 11umbcr oi boy::, ridi11g i he railT0t1tl c cre :Ghat t !e r-0 being dropped fro:1 the tipple .a t \'Ti nton. ollonctl 'GO 0 u·her upon our px-c-inises \7here ".70:rk is e;oin6 OE, this paJ;"ticu.1-..;rly t :cue ui t h regaz-d to our st.ubl e s, t i pples, machir.1.0 shop, roilroad I noticed, olso, a feu days ago, our ruin0 stock running arourul of the children boing ldcke:d, a.ud ther e is alao dauge:.- of this live stock straying off into the countryo I understand tbia happened ~om0 "iiime ago at \'iinton, and ue ueire a•. som0 expense ·~o recover tho trro head 01 eh stock that strayed �Omaha - November 22, 1928 Mr. J. A. Smith : Regarding the failure of certain Unions to join in the quarterly mine inspection, the locals at Hanna, Cumberland and 11 0 11 Mine Superior failing; to join shovm by your letters of Augu.st 9th and.November 19th. I ha.ve reports with letter from you dated JanuarJ ?th, August 9th and November 19th , indicating that a quarterly inspection TTas skipped in the first half of the year. Please adv ise me regarding this and give me at an early date a list of the mines sho'i?n separately by the several inspections tha t failed to join in the inspection during the year 1928. �Rock S rinc _, - iov ember 4th , 1929 • 1 . A. ! n otice t 1ut ... _, l.'i rie n an P.cc i de:1 t re1Jort. fror~ Sup e rior u'G E: i de r,,an iGll on the ice , r:hen cfi.rryit [ por1r_ er , ,Yp G i11tE1 1ccr ts t 10 r.. nt t i:;;• oi· . ,n i 1:.:; .l st id.ent �__I Co1Dpany Union TO TENANTS OF THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMP ANY BUILDINGS: My attention has been called to the fact that casing-head gasoline (natural gas liquified by condensation) is being used by some of our employes occupying Company houses. As this gasoline vaporizes at a low temperature, it is readily subject to ignition and explosion if exposed to fire or flame (including lighted smoking material) or heat generated by friction, electric sparking, etc. All employes are warned against storing this commodity in or about buildings, tenements, garages, or outhouses, which are the property of this Company. The violation of this rule, if detected, will result in the cancellation of the rental agreement covering the property involved. GEORGE B. PRYDE, Vice-President and General Manager. Rock Springs-March 9, 1931. �ADDRrss Ml. COWMIJNlt.a.TIOHS TO THE DIRECTOR, U.S. BUREAU OF MINES "' \ WASHINGTON. D. C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF MINES January 10, 1933. WASHINGTON Mr . V. O. ~.1urray , Safety Engr ., The Union Pacif ic Coal Coo, Roel< Springs , \iyoming. Dear Mr. Murray : I n accordance nith yours of Dec ember 31, I a'll transmitting some i nformation concerning permissible e:;qilosi ve s ._ If the data uhich you re ceive Mc,. not of t he t ype-uldch Yo ues1.re , you will please call my at t ention to the fact and I will try t hen t o send you something el se . I am gl ad to note bo th fr or:1 y our let ter and from one recently received from t1r. Pryde that your or6 anizat ion has had a successfll;l year in safety . This is a s it should be and I hope that 1933 will be even more successful than v,as i t s predece s sor o .all of us Y,ere ext remely sorry t o learn of the death of Schoning • .8..S to uhat occurred-;-it appears that he left Seattle to do som.e field nark and on the night of December 22 was at Centralia, ilas hi ngton, having s pent t he day i n doi ng some first-aid training. He apparentl y nas e A'})ec ting to continue training work on the 23rd, but in the middle of the night bec ame ill and dressed and went down to the hotel lobby and asked that a doctor be secured. after the doctor arrived and gave him some rr~dicine, he ~ent back to his room and apparently sat up in bed; and several hours later was found in that position, dead. As far as we can learn he -rras suffering from acute indigestion, although that diagnosis may not be a correct one. Yours truly, ~~ D. HARRINGTON, Chief Engineer, Safety Division. ~-r;::: ~ -L r k ~ ~ ~ he l ~ -~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~--;-~ ~ ,1 -+7~ �Ro ck Sprin gs - March 7th, Mr 0 1933 0 v. o. 1'.1urray :·- 'hlr • T . H. Butler: ilir. 1,.1. ':I . !dedill: Am afraid our s af ety progr9.lll is not g oing over, espec ially i n oc k Springs ar.d 1 liance o 7ould sur;se st th at y ou redo uble your efiorts at these dist ricts, i mpr essing al l foremen \'1it h the import13rl ce of holding a cci dents t o a 1i1inimum. ,\m won dering if sloi::1 ·;:or king time is not inducing men to lay 0 1 f with slight injuries wh e1~e if the mines \"!ere ,1orkin g bet. ter they -, ould r eport to i.-101~ko \"le Ho11ever , are not g etting our safety pro g,r am over at these districtso � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/02d03b40b11ffa5e4e7fceb3d1396cc8.pdf 307e39a0ad96d30716efc028e6b1ca5b PDF Text Text �I a . -,~~ ~ ~ ;,, .' <) ,~ ~ ,... "' "' 0 " ,. ' "' " n i .. ~ "' �I ~-... , . ... 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'-" " -- - - ...._ ,,, r u .; r ' �t, - • •, 'I l . -~ ......~.:•=-----"' . .., ... _(._' " • ·:::1 \ _.,_ _ _.,_ ., .,. _~".', .. t'1 · - - ~ : ..I (: �., ....... ._.e:. -~; .....,. ·--· •. u: -~ . . ·~ ......... ,. \ .. . ,._ •-!'--...) _!. _ ..... .... , .... f "1 ......, ;[ �,., (..\... ,'I ,._., , .. J \ ,: " ~ ., i J -1-;-~,-.l- .. �t ��.... �,t, ,.,.~ .. ... ....!.... . ... . ....... _,.. ~ .... � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/35105ab4abb32c88a813af3e1c81cd39.pdf 622349b3151c75bd5146b4faea772f45 PDF Text Text UNITED STATES EPARTMEN:f OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH HEALTH AND SAFETY STATION September 9, 1938. Mr. ~. R. Knill, Safety Engineer Union Pacific Coal Cmnpa.ny, Rock Springs, Wyoming. Dear Mr. Knill: Enclosed you ui.11 find first aid problems and ~orking outlines that were used in some of the first aid contests the past tuo weeks in this district. i7hen we met in Denver on August 26 you asked me to send you some problems and outlines, so it has been a pleasure to comp~ with your request. With best wishes and kind personal regards, I remain Very truly yours, -yrYY,'7~ 'IT. YT. Kessler Principal Safety Instructor. �PROBLY.M NO. l Thrae (3) minutes will be allowed for r •:'l adinr. problem and assembling material. A workman falls f rom a scaffold and is found with the following inj1.1rics: Simple fractur e of right foot; compound fracture of the l a ft hand , with bones protr1.1 ding one (1) inch on palm of hand; a rupture which is indicated by a lump in the left groin; a c1.1t one (1) inch lone_: on the _point of the ri ght elbow; scalds of the right foot, l eg , a nd thigh. The patient is 1.1nconscious and suffering from shock throughout the probl em . ~reat, carry patient 50 feet on stretcher, return to original position and unload patient from stretcher. V.'orhng time t en (10) minutes. �Ill 'i OUTLINE FOR_WORICTNG PROBLEM NO. 1 1. Compound fractur e of l eft hand. (See pages 109 and 111 and figure 48.) (a) Prepare and appl y\ tourniquet. loosely at pressure point on elbow or arm. ( h ) Str1,.i .-J~t en and support hand by taking hold of it on both sides of fractur e . (c) Apply bandage compre ss to wound but do not ti e knot over wound. (d) Apply cravat bandage over compre ss. ( e ) Splint, to reach from middle of forearm to one (1) inch beyond finger tips. Pad well and place under palm and wrist. (f) Bandage, one tri angular: Apply over splint and hand. (g) Sling, cravat bandage. (Sec page 43 and fi gure lOB,) 2. Simple fracture and scalds of right f oot. (Sec pages 123-124 and fi gur e 55.) (a) Cover burns with picric ac i d gauze . (b) Apply triangular bandage over gauze . (See fi gure 40.) (c) Splints: One spl i nt 3-1/2 to 4 inches wi de, long enough to r each from 1/2 inch beyond t he heel to 1/2 i nch beyond the toe . Pad we ll. (d) Bandage: Apply open tri angular bandage over splint and foot. 3. Cut one (1) inch long on point of ri ght elbow. (See page 67 and fi gure 26.) (a) Place bandage compress over wound and ti e . (b) Place cravat bandage of desired wi dth over compress and tie. 4. Scalds of right foot, l e::g, and thi gh. (See pae·e s 124-125-133.a.135 and f igure 62.) (a) Apply picric acid gauze to burns. (b) Apply open triangular bandar,e ov er gauze on foot (before splint is a,pli ed). (c) Apply extra wide cravat bandages over gauze on leg and thigh. 5. Rupture in l e ft groin. (S ee pages 135-137.) ( a) Raise knees toward the abdomen and support with pillow, folded blankets, or folded clothing . (b) Place cloths, wet in cold water, over the rupture, left side. (c) Do not bandage. 6. Shock. Pati ant unconscious during whole problem. (-'3ee pages 23-24.) (a) Place pati ent in comfortable nosition, with head low~ (b) Remove foreign bodi es from mouth. ( c) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (d) Pour aromatic ammonia on a cloth and place under nose. (o ) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (f) Rub extremities toward body under covers. TE.AMS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �r PROBLEM NO. I. Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem az,.d assembline material. A fireman falls from a ladder and is found in the following condition: He is lying straight; is able to move his head, shoulders, arms and hands, but is paralyzed from the waistline down. He has a cut two (2) inches long, moderate bleeding, on the inside of the right forearm, five (5) inches below the bend of the elbow; a cut two (2) inches long on the back of right hand, moderate bleeding; and a cut two (2) inches long, severe bleeding dark red blood, starting three (3) inches above the right ear and extending toward the top of the head. The patient is conscious throughout the problem, but his breathing is shallow and feeble; his pulse rapid and weak. cold sweat and answers questions slowly. -vised stretcher twenty-five (25) feet. and unload from stretcher. Working time, ten (10) minutes. He is covered with Treat and carry on improReturn to 0riginal position �( OUTLINE FOR WORKINJ PROBW1 NO. I 1. Cut two (2) inches long three (3) inches above right ear. (See page 56 and Fi~ure 17.) (a) Apply bandage compress over wound and tie. (b) Apply wide cravat bandage over compress and tie. 2. Cut two (2) inches long on inside of right forearm. and Figure 26-C.) (a) Apply bandage compress over wound and tie. (b) Apply cravat bandage over compress and tie. 3. Cut on back of right hand. (See Pages 70-71 and Figure 28.) (a) Apply compress bandage over wound and tie. (b) Apply open triangular bandage over compress and tie. (c) Apply triangular bandage sling. (See Page 43 and Fig. 1O-A.) 4. Fracture of spine (broken back). (See Pages 113-116 and Fig. 50.) (a) Use broken back splints. Pad well. (b) Bandages: (13 cravats.) 1. Around splints and body just below armpits. 2. Around splints and body at lower part of chest. 3. Around splints and body at hips. 4 & 5. Around splints and diagonally around shoulders. 6 & 7. Around splints and diagonally around hi°ps at crotch. 8 & 9. Around splints and upper thighs. 10 & 11. Around splints and legs just below knJes. 12 & 13. Around splints and legs at ankles. (c) Knots to be tied on outside n0ar splints. 5. Shock: Patient conscious. (See Pages 23-24.) (a) Place patient in comfortublo position with p.ea~. h~. (Severe bleeding on h:::ad.) (b) Remove foreign bodies from mouth. {c) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. {d) Give patient aromatic spirits of ammonia (1 teaspoonful in a half glass of water), hot coffee, hot tea, or hot water. (e) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (f)° Rub extremities toward body under covering. 6. Transportation with improvised stretcher. (See Pages 164-183 and Figures 84-95.) (a) Prepare stretcher from blanlcets, jumpers, etc. {b) Test stretcher. (c) Load ·patient on stretcher. (d) Carry patient on stretchor and return to original position. (e) Unload patient. (See Page 69 TEAMS SHOUI.D NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMEN'l~A.L TO 'IHE PATIENT. �PROBI.EM NO. !: Three (3) minu tos ,,ill be allmrnd for reading problem and asse~bling material. A refinery TTorker is injured by an explosion, falls from a platform, and is in;iured as follov1s: For.:ard dislocation of right hip; a simple fracture of the left elboTT; and burns on head, face and neck. He also ha s a cut t Y:o (? ) inc hes lonr;, severe bleed- inf7,, dark red blood, on the insicl.e of t.::a left forearm five (5) inches below bend of elbon. the probler.:. The patient is unconscious throughout Trflat and cnrry on stretcher tvrenty-five ( 25) feet, return to original position, and unload from stretcher. Working ti~e, ten (10) minutes. �PROBLEM NO. 1 OUTLINE FOR 1'lORR'IlW Rli/c81lG ! Hih k-8 18 s • a:: 1. Cut tTTo (2) inches lon&". on inside of left forearm. (See Page 69 and Figure 26C.) (a) Apply compress bando ~e ovo:r. ~'! ound and tie. (b) Apply cravat bnnda,n:0 tJP ' l' cor.rpr0ss and tie. (c) Sling will be app J.i,d ' i t:1. -: ,ho • dressin~ given belou. 2. Burns of heaa, foce, and neck. (S ne Pa~os 124-126 and Figure 56.) (a) Apply picric acid gauze to burns, plncing gauze behind ears. (b) Apply t~o open trianr,ular bnndoges to hond and faco, cutting hole for nose in face bandaeo. ( c) Apply cravet bandage around ncclc and tie. 3. Simple fracture of left olbo-;1. (S0e Pa.P,es 94-96 and Fi~uro 43A.) (a) Support limb by takinr, hold of it on both sides of fracture. (b} Splints: 2 splints of unequal length, four (4) inches ~ide, nailed or tied to~ethor to fol'I!.l an L. Pad TTell. 1. To reach from a!Tlpit to elboTT ~ 2. To reach from olbo~ to tip of little finr,or. (c) Bandages: (3 cro.vats·.) 1. Around upper ond of splint an d orm. 2. Around arm and splint abov e elbon , cross in front of bend of elbo~, carry around splint and foroorm, then tie. 3. Around v1rist and hand, tying on back of hand. (d} Ap,ly cravat bandage sling. (See Page 43 and Figure 10.) 4. ForTTard dislocation of right hip. (See Pages 99-100 and Figure 44.) (a) Splints: Place patient on board seven (7} feet long, tPolve (12) inches ~ido, or broken back splint. (b) Support limb in line of deformity (foot and thigh turned out) with large :pad made of clothos, blenkcts, etc. (c) Place a sr.iall pad between tho f 0ct. (d) Bandages: (5 cravats.} 1. Around board and upp0r part of 0host. 2. Around boord oncl body nt hi~s. 3 . .Around board end thighs, just above knc r;s. 4. Around board ann ankles. loosely. 5. Around instep of right foot and sole o~ left foot, tying/ (e) Knots (excepting b8ndoga on feot) to be ti ed on outside near edge of board or splint. 5. Shock: Patient unconscious. (See Pages 23-24.) (a) Place patient in comfortable position TTith head low. (b) Romov0 foreign substances from mouth. (c) Wrap patient in blankets, clothing, etc. (d) Pour aromatic ammonia on a cloth and let patient inhale fumes. ( e) Place Tirapped hot rrator bot tlcs, hot bricks, etc. , around patient under covers. (f) Rub extremities toTTard body under covers. 6. Transportation with stretcher. (Soo Pages 164-182 and Figuroa 87-95.) (n) Tost stretcher. (b) Load patient on stretcher. (c) Carry patient on stretcher and return to original position. (d) Unload patient. 'I'Jlli$ S ID1JLD NOT BZ PENALIZSD FOR TIOilTG MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO TFE PATIBNT. �PROB LEM NO. /$ Three (3) minutes will be allowed for ro~ding problem and assembling material. A timberman is hit by a h:mlage locomotive and is injured as follows! Compound fracture of right thigh, on inside and four (4) inches above lmee; a dislocation of left shoulder; and a simple fracture of the lower jaw. There is also a wound in the palm of the right hand with bright red bleeding. The patient is unconscious and suffers from shock throughou.t problem. Prepare for transportation but do not load on stretcher. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WOHKING PR0BLEM NO. 2 1. rJound palm right hand with arterial bleeding. (See pages 46-54, 69-70, and fi gure 27) (a) Digital pressur0 over \7l'ist. (b) Tourniquet ev er urist. (c) Bandage compress and cravat bandage around hand. 2. COI!l.pound fracture right thigh. (See page 101-118~120 and figure 52) (a) Tourniquet loosely over pressure point on thi eJ1. (b) Straighten and support leg. (c) Bundage comprass and t·iide cravat bandage over wound. (See page 79 rand fi[l'.lll'e 36) (o.) Splints - ti:;o of unequal leng·th, pad tJell faming arch over ,-;ound. {e) Bandages - 7 cravats, knots to be tied on outez· splint. 3. Di8location of loft shoulder. (See pages 93-£4 and figure. 42) (o.; Large pad under left arill frOill UD!l.pit to elboi'J. (b) Cravat bandage around am and pad, cross and t.i.e on pad on opposite side ~f body. (c) Arm in triangular slin,_g. 4. Simple fracture of lo~er jau. (See page 105 and fi 6,ure 41) (a) Band~ges - 2 cravats. (b} No ,1edge between teeth. 5. Shock: Patient unconscious during t7hole problen. (See pae;es 23-24) (a) Place patient in comfortable position with head low. (b) Remove foreign substances from. mouth. (c} Cover and apply hot applications and rub extremities. (d) Give stimulant by inhalation. TEA!l! SHOUID NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DO ING OCOP.E THAI;J" OUTLINED ABOVE UiifillSS I'.i' IS DETRil'JJTh"'TAL TO T".dE PATlil"!T. �,.___,, PROBLll,·! NO. 2 Three {3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling material. An oil field v.:·~·ke:c falls from a derrtc l<: and is found in the following condition: He has a simple fracture of the right foreann and a fractured pelvis. Dark red blood is issuing from the back of the left leg six (6) inches above the ankle; a diagonal cut one (1) inch long across the left eyebrow; and eyelid. The patient's breathing is shallow and feeble; he is covered with cold sweat; his pulse is rapid and weak; and he answers questions slowly. prepare for trans port at ion, 2~ ·· · • --;::::.::) load on .stretcher. ~orking time ten (10) minutes. Treat and �OUTLINE 'FO ''ll'...,nHG P::10B:::.,~r NO. 2 1. Cut on back of left leg. 2. Cut one (1) inch long on left eyebrow and eyelid. (a) Place bandage compress over wound. and tie away from eye. (b) Place cravat band age over compress as for t7ound of eye, and tie. 3, Fractured pelvis. (See Pages 116-118 and F:l.gu:re· 51.) (a) Apply wide cravat bi;mda~e (about 6 inch) around hips and tie tightly. (b) Splints: Use broken back splint or board seven (7) ft. long and twelve (12). inches wide. Pad well. Padding must also be applied between legs if boa rd is used. (c) Banda~es: Nine (9} if broken back splint; six, (6) if board is used. 1. Around s~lint and upper part of body just below armpits. 2. Around s~lint and body at lower part of chest. 3. Around splint and hips over wide bandage. 4 &. 5. Around splint and thighs. 6 &, 7. Around splint and legs just below knees. 8 &. 9. Around splints and legs just above ankles. (d) Knots to be tied on outer side alone s:;,:: lir.ts. (Bandages 5, 7, and 9 not used. rri th board.) 4. Simple fracture of right foreaITl. (See Pages 108-109 and Figure 47.) (a) Straighten and support limb by taking hold of it on both sides of fracture until splint is upplied. (b) Splint: One (1) long enough to reach from point of elbow to tip of little finger. Pad well, and place on inside of forearm. {c) Bandages: (2 cravats.) 1. Around splint and forearm, just below elbow. 2. Around ·splint, wrist and hand. {d) Sling: Cravat bandage. {See Page 43 and Figure lOB.) 5. Shock: Patient conscious. (See Pages 23-25.) (a) Place patient in comfortable position with head low. (b) Remove foreign substances from couth. ( c) Wrap patient in blankets,· clothino;, etc. (d) Give patient aromatic ammonia (1 teaspoonful in a half glass of water,) hot tea or hot coffee. (e) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. {f) Rub extremities toward body under covers. (See Peges 82-83 and Figure 38.) (a) Place bandage compress over wound l.llld tie. (b) Place wide cravat bandage over compress and tie. TEA1!S SHOULD NOT BE P:ENALIZED FOR DOING PORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �Threo {3) minutes will b9 e:i..:.ov1ed f'ar- reading problsr! and .:1 ss or.1ohnr. iceterial. A workman who is crushed b e tween cars is found in an unconscious condition, his face is cov0rod with cold sweat; his eyelids dxoop Pnd his pulse is rapid and weak; the middle of his le ft 13 g is swollen and a grating sensation con be felt; blood is spurting from a wound three (3) inches long across the insid8, center of his left forearm; his right should er is rigid and swollen and the crm stends off nbout two {2) inches f~om the body; thore is a strain of the muscles of the calf of his right leg~. Ccrry 50 feet one stretcher, return to base and unlo ad patient from stretcher. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WORKING PR03LR! NO. 1 1• .Arterial Bleeding. (o) Apply finger pressure to pressure point on inside of arm or elbow~ • (b) Apply, tighten r.nd secure tourniquet on arm pressuro point. 2. Shock. {a) Shock treatment should be given throughout the problem by lowering hca1d, covering , rubbing, loosening clothing, applying he9t and clcrnnsing mouth. (b) Stimulant should not be given until the tourniquet is tightened and secured and then only by inhaletion m0thod as patient is unconscious. (Shock treatment on Pag0 23). (c) Tost all hot ~pplicetions and stimulant before application to pAtient. 3. Wound. (A) Compress over ·,r.round on loft fo:r eerrn must be a large one and may be applied before tne tourniquet is applied. (b) Crav~t oandege covering ovc~ compress on foreann end triangulm- sling (Pege 69) may be 5pplied at any time before lifting onto stretcher. 4. Fracture. (e) Simple frActure of 10ft log must be supported from beginning of problan. (b) Dressing for simple fr 8ctu::-o of left leg. (Pages 121-122). 5. Dislocation. (e) Dressing for disloc9t:i.on of ri;Sht shoulder (Page 93). 5. Strain. (a) The strgin should ".:le -~~-:<:1 toc.i m: .soo:-i P..-'3 a men is available to do so. (Pe80 ~:i.), Rub 77i th akc~'1·'.'l end ~f.lter or Vii th witch-hazel. 7. Stretcher on.a. Tre·nsportr-1tion. (a.) The stretcher m~y be · prepRred and tested while the patient is being treated. (b) Lift pstient :from the .right side. ( c) Load patient on stretcher. (d) Tronsport patient on stretcher 50 feet nnd return to base. (e) Unload patient from stretcher. TEJ!MS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED .ABOVE UNL]SS IT IS DETBIMENT .AL TO THE PATHNT . �PROBLEM NO. 2 Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling material. A fireman who has been removed from under a fall of brick has the following injuries: wound two (2) inches long on left knee; wound on palm of right hand with arterial bleeding. simple fracture of the left forearm. He has a He also has a compound fracture of the right thigh with the bona protruding one-half (1/2) inch on inner side of thigh five (5) inches above '-:nee. The patient is conscious but is suffering from shock. prepare for transportation. Treat and Load on improvised stretcher but do not carry. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WORICT~Q-_ . PROBLEM NO. 2 1. Arterial bleeding on palm of right hand. (a) Apply digital pressure at wrist 1 elbow or arm. (b) Apply tourniquet at wrist. (c) Apply compress and cravat bandages as shown on page 69, figure 27. (d) Place foreann in triangular bandage sling, page 44, fig. 10. 2. Compound fracture of right thir,h. (a) Support fracture. (b) Cover wound or !Jl'Otrudinp; bone with compress and wide cravat bandage as on page 79, 80 and figure 36. (No knots should be tied over wound) (c) Apply tourniQuet loosely at thigh pressure point. (d) Apply two well padded splints and seven cravat bandages as on pages 118, 119 and figure 52. (Padding on inner side of thigh should form an arch over protruding bone) 3. 1'lound on le ft lmee. (a) Apply com.press and cravat bandages as shown on page 81 and figure 37. 4. Simple fracture of left forearm. (a) Support fracture. (b) Apply splint well padded and two cravat bandages as shown on pages 108 and 109; and figure 47. (c) Place arm in cravat sling. 5. Shock. (a)Cleanse mouth. (b) Loosen clothing around neck and waist. (c) Cover patient. (d) Use heat applications. (e) Give stimulants by mouth or by inhalation. (f) Rub extremities. 6. Prepare for transportation. (a) Stretcher made from blankets and pipes. (b) Test stretcher. (c) Load patient on stretcher. TEAMS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE 1JNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �- D PROBLEM NO. 3 Three (3 ) minut es v1i ll be a llowe d for r a£1d ine: problem a nd a ss embling mnt eris l. A mine r has been ove r come by powde r smoke c:. nd removed to fre sh a i r; he is a ppar ently not breathi ng and has no i ndic ntion of a pulse. He has a deep diagonc l cut, t wo (2 ) inche s long , on the out e r side of the l eft forearm, six (6 ) i nches be low the point of tho elbow, and a simple fra cture of the right si de of lower j aw . Dark red bl ood is ulso i ssuing from the front of the ri ght thi gh, five (5) inches above the knee . Rev i ve the pnti ent by five (5) men giving artifici a l r e s pirntion for one (1) minut e ea ch , c hange of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. Pa ti ent r egains consciousness at end of nrtifici al r espira tion, but s uffers f rom shock throughout problem . Treat nnd preparu for transportation •t:7:,_z strotcher. Working time t en (10) minutes. ~ load on �OU"'LHE FOR HOPJCING PROBLEM .2_'-lp_. __;3_ 1. Rc susci t -'.l tion: P~ti e nt unconscious, not bre athing due to c a rbon (S ae pago s 32-33-35-36 a nd monoxide q;ns. Sch2~f e r me thod. fi gur e 6 .) (e. ) Turn pntif..nt on f a ce , supportin~ a nd prot 0cting othe r injuri e s. (b) fa:Jmove forE: i[,n substanc e s from mouth. ( c) Pull tongu e forward rmd lrne p in this position. ( d) Turn h ea.d to one s ido , r ,·:sting it on JJ r:iti e nt' s ri ght for 0arm. ( e ) Extend otha r ~r m fo r w:1rd. (f) St nrt artifici 2 l r e spir'ltion (15 time s p0r minute}. (g) Loosen ti ght clothin g a.rou.'ld n e ck 'l nd wa istline . (h) Five (5) m~m t o give a rtifici a l res p irn ti on one (1 ) mi !mt e oa ch. Ch '1ng::i of opc r 3. tors to b e mn de without brecking rhythm. 2. Cut 0:1 fro n t cf ri ght thi gh, fiv e (5) inche s n'o ove lme e . png os 79-80 'lnd fi f urc 36.) ( a ) Pla ce b ~nd':.ge comp r e ss ove r wound e nd ti !:l . {b) Pla ce wid e crc v nt b3ndcge ovGr compre ss a nd ti , . 3. Cut t v:o (2 ) inche s l onr- on outside cf left for onrm, six (6) inches be low point o f olbcm . (S e:;o p!:! ge 69 G!ld fig1.1r0 26C.) ( c:. ) A:r:iply a compr o ss bsnd ri.ge ovo r wou!ld crnd ti e . {b) Apply crGv :::i t b '1nd <1ge over compr e ss c:.'ld ti &. (c) Pl~ce i njur o d nrm in trio.ngul nr b ~ndn~a sling. 4. '3imn l e fr '1cturo o f ri 1:;ht side of l ovrc, r j i,w1 . fi g~ro 41.) {::;. ) R::i.r1d':l.g8 s: ':i'wo (2) cr nv !J.ts. 1. Cont 0r c,f crnv -: t b ?.nd'.'l f o en fro nt c f chi )1, r::ss nr ound ne ck r.nd ti s: . 2. Cc!lt c r c:f crc.v<:1 t b ·rndr,,g3 on b c tt r:m c f chin, pr\ss to top o f h0ed a nd ti 0 . {b) Ti o .:::!1.ds cf b nndnge s t0g0thcr 0n bnck cf ho1J.d. ( C) N0 wedge t c b e '!')l2 ced between t i:;c th o. t nny time. 5. Sho ck. 23-24,) ( a) ( b) (c) (d) P nti cnt conscious ~ftcr nrtifici~l r e spiration. (-S ee (Seo p9ges Pl:1 ce pfltiont i::1. comfcrtnblo pcsi tion v:i th hco.d low.. Remove fc,r 0 ign subst ':1.nces frcm mouth, Vir -:p in blnnkots, clothing, Gtc. Let pa tient inhc.le ar0m:1tic OITh"T,cni r: fu.mos until end of nrtifici'.J.l respiration. Tb.on gi v o nrcm~·tic f.1ITi!Tlonia ( 1 teaspconful i!l a h".tlf ghtss c:f vn~tor), hnt tea, c-r hot c0ffee. ( 8) Pl<J.co wro.p-p,,d hot w.<J.ter br-ttles, hct bricks, etc., ':I.round p.n.tiont U'!l.dcr ccvers. ( f) Rub extromiti ::: s tcw,:ird body under ccve rs. TEP.MS SHCULD NC'::' BE '·EI}ALIZED FOR DCING MORE T~IJ\.N CUTLINED ABOVE UNL"."~SS IT IS DE"..'RI~1Eii'I'AL 'It' THE PA~IEl\lT. �PROBLEM NO. 3 Three (3) minutes Vlill be o.llowed for reading problem and assembling material. A fireman has been overcome by carbon monoxide gas while fighting a fire. H~ has been rescued and removed to fresh air. Revive the patient by five (5) different men performing artificial respiration (by Schaefer or Prone Pressure method) for one (1) minute each, change of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. Patient regains consciousness at end of artificial respiration. Patient should be turned over on back after completion of artificial respiration. Patient suffers from shock throughout problem. and prepare for transportation l Working time seven (7) minutes. on stretcher. Treat �OUTLINE FOR WOlliGNG PROBLEM NO. 3 1. RESUSCITATION: Patient unconscious, not breathing due to carbon monoxide gas. Schaefer or Prone Pressure method. (See Pages 3238 and Figure 6.) (a) Turn patient over on abdomen. (b) Remove foreign substan.ces from mouth. (c) Turn head to one side, resting it on forearm. (d) Extend other arm forward. (e) Loosen tight clothing around · neck and waistline, (f) Start artificial respiration, 15 times per minute. (g) Wrap in blankets 1 clothing, etc, (h) Place wrapped hot water bottles 1 hot bricks, etc. 1 around patient under cover or covers preferably, (i) Five (5) different men to give artificial respiration one (1) minute each. Change of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. (j} Patient should be turned over on back after artificial rosp_iration. (Team judge or judges are re~uired to use special form attached to discount sheet for timing each team member during artificial respiration}. 2. SHOCK: (a) Patient unconscious at start of problem. (b) Patient conscious after artificial respiration. (c) Remove foreign substances from mouth. (d} Loosen tight clothing around neck and waistline. (e} Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (f) Let patient inhale aromatic arum.onia fumes until end of artificial respiration. Then give aromatic ammonia (one (1) teaspoonful in one half glass of water}, hot tea, or hot coffee. Team member should test aromatic ammonia fumes before giving it to patient while he is unconscious. (g) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (Team judge or judges to see that team member test heat applications before applying . them to patient}. (h} Rub extremities toward heart under cover. TE.AMS BHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �1:i:11:u'oo (3) om ·too ,Jill be QUor.,o f:,r zicnti:1.~.::; :;· obl"~ emit aooc--_--:1~ li!.n:. c e1t0.;,: 'i o 0 08 been .C:JCUO ·1 0 r �01JI'IINE FOR WORKING PROBLEM NO. 3 1. RESUSCITATION: Patient uncons cious , not brrethin~ due to carbon monoxide gas. SchAef or er :)rone Pressur e method. (Sse Pages 32-38 and Figure 6.) (a) Turn patient ovGr on abdomen. (b) Remove foreign substances from mouth. (c) Tum head to one side, restin g it on forearm. (d) Extend other arm forward. (e) Loosen tight clothing around neck and waistline. (f) Start artificial respiration, 15 times per minute. {g) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (h) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under cover or covers preferably. {i) Five (5} different men to give artificial respiration one (l} minute each. Change of operators to be made without breaking rhy~bm. (j) Patient should bo turned. ovor on back after artificial respiration: (Toam judge or judges are rc~uired to use special form at• tached to discount sheet for timing each team mamber during artificial respiration). 2. SH?~:Patient unconscious at start of problan. (b) Patient conscious aftGr artificial respiration. (c) Remove f'oroii:i:n substan~0s frore mouth. (d) Loosen tight clothin~ around neck and waistline. (o) Wrap in blankets, cl;t~ing, otc. (f) Let patient inhale arc.,mat:.c ammonia fumas uri.til end of artificial respiration. Th.:--'!l [:,iVo arc,matic a,nmonia (one (1) teaspoonful in one half glass o~ w~tsr), hot tea, or hot coffee. Team member sr.ould. test arom3tic ammonia fumes before giving it to ~atisnt while he is unconscious. (g) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (Tea.'11 jud.go or judges to see . that -: -t team member test heat epplications before applying them to patient). {h) Rub extremities toward heart undor cover. TEAMS SHOULD NOT BE PEtJALIZED FOR DOING MO!fE THAN OUTLINED .ABOVE UNLE3S IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �TIE PROBLEM Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling materialo A fireman falls from a ladder and is found in the follouing condition: He is lying straight; is able to move his head, shoulders, arms, and hands, but is paralyzed from the waistline domio He hae a cut tqo (2) inches long, on the inside of the left forearm, five (5) inches belo'« the bend of the elbow; a cut t v10 (2) inches long on the back of the left hand, moderate bleeding; and a cut two (2) inches long, severe bleeding dark re.d blood, starting three (3) inches above the right ear and extending toward the top of the heado There is also a large wound on the left elbow running parallel with the member and extending t wo (2) inches above and two (2) inches below the point of the elbowo The patient is conscious throughout the problem, but his · breathing is shallow and feeble; his pulse rapid and weako covered with cold sweat and answers questions slowlyo on improvised stretcher tuenty-five (25) feet. position and unload from stretchero He is Treat and carry Return to original �Ql£~TI OJ~f FO:\ lU.rJ.'::!:1~.1,'":i:0N ! ·N Fii lO' lJ.D J.9 F N.IU11 - - - ... . - - -- - ·- ... -- . -- - . _ -· - ..- _ - - -· - - - - - - - -- - .... - - - l. How do you diqtinguish b0twa~r. ar·telial ar.d veinous bleeJing? 2. Point out v:i:t.h your fingers all points of. pressuro on t he art0rial system· that is '..lS t' d by c. first aid n an i'o,- controlling arlerie.l bleeding, 3, Count the 1.u,'1ber of prc.:s~urc p oints on 0ach sid0 of the body. 4. Apply -tou1·niquets ·~o eight (8) of t hese presoure points. 5. How long would ycu lenve r. t ourniq uet tight? of this period? 6. Name the three :n~thods of controlling blocdi1:g, . ' .,._ \'/hut would you do at tho er.d 7. IIow would you treat an open wound? 8. Name ~hree (3) diffcrer.t type s of \7ou rids? 9. Aft.er trel:l.ting a man ior o. slight wound, what would you toll him to do! What would you dot 10. How doos a man look whon he has physico.1 shock? How do you treat physical shock! Wha.t o.ro the c!'.usos of shock? 11. Place on first a.id dressings for the following injurios: Fractured arr:1 Fre.cturod olbow FrtJ.ctured forearm Fr::-.cturcd rib Fractured thigh Fr~cl;11:rod kncc.;.co.p Frl'.ct1.1 re<~ log Frc.ctt~rod j:::.vr Frt~cturod coll:ir,.,bono Fr~:.cturocl P-:ilvis Fro.cturod back 12. Place on n drcssil'13 for e..n injured oyo. 13, Pla.ce on c.ressing for tho fol lo.ring dislocations: Disloce.t.od shoulder • Dislocatod hip 14. Hov, waulc. you rescue n mP.n from an electric wire? throe (3) r.:othocl. a. 1.5, ilhen wculd you i:;ivu artificinl rcspi mt ion? of r.rtificial r e E.?i ruUon. 16. How long would you cont i."luo c.rtificial respiration boforo stopping? D.:imonstrnto 11.t loii.st Domonstre.to the Schaofor rnothod 17. Demonstrate tho United Ste.tos Bureau of Minos Standard 4 .. Man Lift. To be us:.:id ·o~, -/;ho inst rue tor o:uy. Is -!;he ar:.•~•i::•r,.,~t. cmHlcd to The Union Pacific Conl Company•s Fir3t Ai c1 Ge:;r-~ifJ.!:atc, Burot>.u Cl f lr~ uc s ~" r-f:.i f i co.to No , ~~ood~----~-~------------Inst nict or . �I REVIEVI Q;GESTIONS lo W.'aat ie fi z-st·.D.id? \'lb.at is the pUL--p ot1 0 of Fil•.!Jt Aid? 3 o . rnmt n.ra the lil'.ilitation.s of First Ai d? 4c Of wha t i s t h e body corr~osod? 5o Wha·l; i s -'tiho skol 0ton? 6 0 vnrn:i; does i t do? 0 2o 7,;i Of who.t paz,t s is t he heo.d 1;1!lde up? 8 ,) In-'c; o whnt tuo :on rts is tlw tl"l111k divide d? 9 o Uhe.t does en ch contain ? 10., Desc r ib e t he spinal oo1urnn.o 110 Dsscl:'ib e th0 !' i bs 0 12 ,, Dnscr ibe the Br east bone 0 13 0 Dosciribe the Polviso 14; Wh at a :eo the extr-emati ea? 1 50 VJJ10:i; is a joint ? 1 Go mnt rno1.101rents do jo in t□ 1:fl.Ve '? 17~ Ci-ive 0.xam_pS.e of 'ball nna. 30 lrnt joint" .. 8 0 Giw ~~mple of hinge j oint o 190 ., ·1t nre lir-:om-:mt n '? 2 0., '. ..h:ri:; ar o ;c ndo:n::i ? 21 o 22., 23 .., Jhrd; ·.:. _·0 muoc l es? .'.'t:m.t is t :1z JJlt:pono of muscles ? i.'fha:i; i s t.hc i.c:po:,,;tcme0 of r.ms cl es in refez,ence to f.,.-s.c·~ur~s and dislocations '? 1 :,'hat i s a sprain? 24 0 250 2Go 27 o 28 0 29 o 30 0 31 0 32 o !Im :!.s :.l:i; c"' used? \That are the sympt orri.S '? 1.1iru1·t :1.s t he t r-entm.en t? Ys a s mrero s :prn:tn a slight · injury= \7hjr? :'That is a di sloe at i on? Hor, n r o d:lslocaS; ions ca.used? \Vhat a:re ·the s ympt om9 '? What :l.s ·cho treo:tment? 33 0 Under TTm.t ciroUI!l3tnnc0s would you be jus t ified in try'lns to reduce a dislo cat ion? 340 1'llw.t would you p1-oceed to do? 350 Ds s cr!be ~r oatme nt ro r dis loontion of lowor jaw0 f i ngara 0 t o Gs 0 shoulder s o 3'o o 1.'lha t o.re ·t h o co!!l1Jl0n injurioo m. thout a brealt i n ·the skin? 37 0 Dascr ibe b ruiseso 38 0 i'/hat aro tho s ympt oms of bruis e.a? 39 o How would you 'croat them? 4:0 o In e. sovere bruise uh/J.t else would you look for? 410 Tell the di f'i'e r enco bet'7ean o. bruise ~ aprn ini> d:1.slooai1 ono 420 What is oircnil.ation'? 43 0 ~-5 0 What is the purpose o'f the hoai..,, '? Des@:cibe it e no.t ion o \"lhat :ls the h oc.rt b sa·li? 45 o How often dcaa 1t occur? ¥-o �4'7 0 '48o 490 5O~ 514) 52~ 530 Vlha:t a re the dif ferent el o.ss0s of bl oo d vess els? Das crl be eacho Wh at are th~ ch£u?act0r-:ts·t:l.cs of bl e3di ng f r om an artery? '.i'.n ble0ding f r om an A~te :ey- wher e would y ou :p:coss and -.WJ'? Whera 'CT OU.ld you :press ·i;o stop al."t0:::-ial bleeding from the s~alp? SidG of head nb ove 0 louaz, par 'i; oi' head and neck 0 shoulder 9 ar-.mp:lt 0 a:rJllti hando Palm of he.nd 0 t h:i.p_:11 0 1~,g or ~oot o 54: ~ Tell 0xaeily uha t you rJould do to s top bl eeding fX'om a 181.'ge nr-ceryo 55~ What BI'0 the chru:-ncte~istics of capilla~y bleeding? 56 c Ho-,, woulc1 you s ·top 001;>'.Ll e.!',Y' bl eefiln g 0 Ylbv? 57 o \'!hat e;:ca the cha::racie~ .s :lti©s @f' ve :mous 'bleedi ng'? 58~ Ht»! ,;;ouJ.tl you st-op ble0d!ng -'<)m veins'? 59 ~ What i s bloo d? 60; What do30 i t do ? 61 ~ D~se~iha natures rr~ fu a ct · ot pp1~g oleofilng, 62 ~ rJhat rc:ethods o.x,e used ·'- o cout :1:01 ble0di 19? D$scribe ~lot-l;:1.ng of bloo .:, \'f h~ helpz to i:r.ake blood clot ? 'Th.at a :&.,..oJ t h a OYlTI3)to:ms cf: a great loss or blood? V/h0:t '.I.Isl a Tc :u;naquat? Whn'i.i- are i.:c;a wes? Tll.J.a.t iB :!-GB <2.e.11ge:'l.''1' \7h e_ • rnmd :ii OU!. e. Y'!JJ1Y .. 1.? Oo fJ'll.a-t; 1o 'G.:.· a · • 11t of i xrt e1~n.a1 bl ce~i xig'? 1 . ~ i'!hat il,.G) t he tl iffs -au.ee b(rtueGJ. bl aiedmg :rr:o:m. lm2gs ..1 s iomaeh? '12 ~ Sl:ou GOlll:D® of a:i:tex,ieo and !}l-"00SUX'0 points? c,s~ Suppo ~ ycu h.J.v>e io ca:!:'a :i'o:r Em :1.n jUsad ps:rscm 0 \';hut u ould you do f'!re·i; ? '.7.,o \lhen shoul~ ou e~nd for e. dco t or oi- take the 1nj12.,..""ad p exs on to a doctor? IJ5o i'iha1; o.bout -~:::.gnt clothSi.ug? '160 \Th,(;ln TT<mld you ·mow an t:n ;Juz,od pa :caon? 'l? ; Vfuat e. x--0 1Ghe dange:&-s of moving an il.n,.; u.z:sd. _,0rs oI?,? 1 8 0 Wh~.-i d.o you mov about giv:lZ1.3 a;i injured p e:t>son u at sr or st :1mul.ants? 79; Shet1.'l.1c1 clot h ing al.\7a.ys be :re moved? 80 0 Vtb en wO'L11d you r l9Il!OVG a orn.9 of the olothinc; and hou would you do -i t ? 810 iThen c:loes Sl'.U1C k OCGUX'? 82 0 Wha'l; i EJ shock? 83 0 i'fn.aJi; is· the caus0 of' shock? 84~ IJha'i'; is tho p!'eveni; ion of s hock? 85~ Whe/i; al.'e t h e symJ;r'liom:i of choch"'r 86 ; What i s t he t rea tmen·li of sho ck? 870 Explain ~lihe usa of he at 0 stimul.an·~e a nd p osition :!n sh1>®lco 88 <> \That ara t he us es of banda~s'? 8~ 0 What :!s the a.dwntage of tho t ria.ngw.ax> bandage for. f irs t n id purposes? 900 What iEJ 'i;h0 size of the triangulo.zo b andagGl? 91 0 What p m ~ ut ions mu.st be ta ken :1n putt:!ng on ba ndages? 92,, For what pui•posos a ~e bandages u sed? 9S ~ \Th.!" s hould you n ot use adhesive plastei:r? 94 0 Vlna:t is a ncund? !:m; Wb,:l~ is the ape aial danger t o be i'eai--ad i n a. wound? 96~ How do e:a t he skin protet!t the body ? 97., How oan gem.a ent ar the body? 83 0 64,1,) 65~ 66 o S'r o 68~ 69 o �98~ Whe:re n:i:e the geZ'illiiJ i'cru.ud? 99 ~ What doos disi11i"ee·c1on me.-:121 ? 1000 What happens in a wou.Yld t r genns Bain entrance to it ? 3101~ What happens in a WO"l.llld if they do not Gain ontm nca? 102 0 How d.0611 i'r ~e bloeding dixninish -the dungo:r of wound infee:·~ion? 10s .; Whs:t i s i nflanst:lon'? 104; Wns.·~ is blood pn:loon:lng? •105 ; Row m ml d you p:revent :pu,a gz:rms 0nte2•ing a wound? .106 o Vlha-;; a'.'!'.'e the SYlifp:GOI(lll of :L-i.flarw·~io11 in a uou.nd? :il.M a Wll.a'G a se -thG 1°a~itiea of 17i,1..md0? 109 ~ Hou wou.1<1 you .tx---aat an o:rd1naX'lJ wound'? 109a \Vhy should one t1--y- to zroko a t1"'lnal .wound •01eed? ·:ii.io o What dl'ess:tng uou.'.Ld you p1?efo:r :i.'or a wound? 11i ,; What do -:{ou. und1.1rstand by a foreign body-? 1120 ·_Hoz.r uould ym.1 treat a t,10,una in uhich ·chero is a fo reign body'? ll3a B'.0'\7 'i7o\!1.c1 you tree;i; an eye ...-,nund'? 11L1,, Hov wcmlcl" you remove a speck fl'om the eye? . 115 ~ 116 o ll'i' ~ 118; llCJ o Wha:i; are the do.neaX'S of removl:ng foreign bodi es f1~om the 0y0? What are poisoned ummds? 120 o. Ro':? ::l.s 9:i; pl'011CTJ. ·l;od? "i'Jha t :i u :c re t; "ru.~ e ? ,Jlmt is a s :1D:9lo l :r-2.cturn ? Jl.21 o Wuai a - i.ni'eGted wounde?- i'lhnt '170u10. you do i'or sn.alco bHeo? i'.,1mt is J.oc kjau?. ' 22~ l23a mia:~ is n co 11ounc1 i'z:.acit;u:re? 24a ·How ~ould you pr0~0nt u simple frac t ure f r~m bccominG compound? 1250 How woul d you r Gcogn:!.zo n s:ilnple fracture ? .'.2.260 Eov m;uld y u i;_ont a ai:mpl e f r act ure? 12? ; What 1s _a s _l int? · 51.28~ F1:0m uh.at rrn 'Ger:1.o.13 may o. splint ba :mdo? tvha t are tho p1•ocau·Gi ons in appl y ints sp lints? Shoi7 t:rsatmsnt fo -r 1':i:acturo upper a rm 0 foraa:rm. 0 ;:rris t D fin@) rs 0 orushed hand 0 foot; l ower 1ee 0 'Ghivi,.. 'ka.00 cap 0 .~ol lar bone a r ibs 0 slrull 0 l ower jaw 0 2,2gc- 230 0 baek 0 a;nd nosGo 131 0 What is a sling? 132 o 1330 1~ 0 135 ., 13C o 13'7~ 138~ \Th.a-~ k1.nds ? Hoi1 ap:pli eel.'? What is a burn? What i s a s oald? How many ·degrses of burns ? Descri be t hemo Who.t ia a dry burn? 1:39~ What is a wot bu..."'r-11? 140; i'nmt i s an a.eid bu m 0 corros l'l ve'? ·1\..41 ~ \Th.at _is t :reatment for each ? ~) t/..9 • IThat o. bout s hock regarding bu.rns 0 Why ? A -- v :lV13 o What ar e t he sympt oms of bulS!.S and soalds? 144~ Treatment veey slight burns and s caldso 145 0 •: rrea tment nher e blisters l iave for:me do 146_., Treai!U3nt ver y despo �'JA/l o ].48~ 71.490 1Vhat is ·the diffex-ence br:rt·00on su.ru::tr--oke and h saJG exausti on? Tre~tmGzi:1; for oncho \'Jhat is i'ros·G b:!.ta 0 sym_ toms ~ t:1:ontmen-t? 150 0 Hou would you treat f'l:0 zin f(ts 15.l o Hou would you U:rt an in jured pGrSon~ Damonst:roteo 1520 Hou would you improvise a stro·tcher'? 1 53 ~ Wb.at is foe cause or suffoca·i;ion? l 54o Of:' what c1oes the respirotory systom consist? Jl;55o Ro-r1 may the su;_,:rply of nil~ ·to the lm1gs be inte!'fe:r:rad i7 i thal' 1 56 0 SYI?I.PtOID~ of suffocation? 1 5'7 ~ ~'fua•i:; is o.rtG:!.fieial Resph"'-..vion? 158; Demons"11ra'te o 159 ., How '110u.ld -you -~~eat fer dl"oun:lng'? 1 60 0 ~·my cUd you to ka th:.lEi com·s0'J �•' U. S . BUREAu OF MINES STANDARD EXAMINATIONFOR cooPE!ll:.TrvE Fi~sT-:.rn CE:lTII-'IC!.T~ J~:\TOMY l. Q• ~~1at part of the body, by weight, is composed of blood! l •• ,.oout 1/13 of the weight of the body is blood. 2. Q. What is the skeleton? •·· The skeleton is t he framework of the body. 3- Q. What is the composition of the skeleton? ... The skeleton is composed of a hard substance called bone . 4. Q. \lhat is the purpose of the skeleton! a. Tho skeleton supports and carries the soft parts, protects the vital organs from injury and gives attachment to the muscles. 5. Q. Into what three parts is the body divided? , •. The body is divided into the following parts: the head, trunk and extremities. 6. Q. 1i:hat is the cranium? •·· The ci·anium is a bony case which encloses and p rotects the brain. 7. Q. What divides the trunk into two parts? , .. The trunk is dividod into two parts by a muscular partition called the diap h ragm. 8. Q. What organs are contained in the upper portion of t h e trunk ? ... The gullet, heart, lungs and some large blood ves s els a r e cont ained in the upper portion of the trunk. 9. ~- \what organs are contained in the lower port ion of t h e t runk ? , •. Tho stomach, liver, kidnoys, bladder and intestines are cont a ined in the lower portion of the trunk. 10. Q. What a.re the upper and lo,Jer portions of the trunk commonly called ? ,., The upper and lower portions of the trunk ere commonly called the chest and abdomen respectively. 11. . Q. \/hat bones fonn th~ trunk? , •. The spinal column or vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, coccyx and sternum form the trunk. 12. Q. How many ribs are there? •.. There o.re 24 ribs, 12 on each side. 12a. Q. -iihat is the spinal column? ... The spinal column is made up of a number of smaller bones called vertebrae extending from the base of the cra.niwn to the pelvic bone and foI'lllB a standard for attaching the ribs giving the boqy its rigidity, 12b.Q. ·,; ihat is the function of the spinal column! ••· Its function is to give rigidity to the body and to form a canal or protective covoning for the chief nervo fibers of tho body, the spinal cord. 12c. Q. \ihat is the pol vie bone! .~. The pelvic bone is a flat dis1'l-shaped bone v,hich gives i:.. point of a.tt i:;.chmont for the lower extremities and supports the bladdor und bowels. 12d.Q. vihat is the danger of a fractured pelvis! , •. The danger of a. f r-..:.ctured pelvis lies not only in tho broken bone but also in tho fact that the bladder, which rests on tho pelvis bone, may becomo punctured through undue movement of the patient. 13, Q. Of what do the oxtromitioa consist? ·•· The upper oxtromity consists of th o shoulder joint, arm, f oroarm, wrist and hand. The lo,·,or extremity coneieta of tho thigh, leg, o.nklti aud foot. �,, . . •. ... ·. 4 •• - ·2 - 14 • Q~ -How l'.llWlY bones are in each upper oxtremity r.nd who.t are they? A. Each upper oxtremity has 1 collar bone, 1 shoulder blade, 1 arm bone, 2 foro~rm bones, 8 wrist bones, 5 h~nd bonos ~nd 14 fingor bones. 1 5, Q. How many bones aro in each lower qxtromity and what o.ro they? ·•· Ea.ch lowor extremity has 1 thigh ~one, 2 leg bones, 1 knoeco.p, 7 unkle bones, 5 foot bones and 14 too bones. 16. Q. Whut is a joint! ••· Whoro two or more bones come together they f onn a joint. · 17. ~- How aro the bqncs hold in position at tho joints? ••· Tho bones aro hold in position by bands callod ligaments. 18. Q. What a.re the mus cl es und \1hat is their function? i•. Musc],es give shape to tho body und by lengthening or shortcni r}g they ca.use tho parts to move to v,hich they aro attached. 19. Q. Wha.t a.re tendons and what is their function? , •. Tendons are strong, whito, fibrous cords that attach most muscles to bone. 20. Q. How ~s nourishment carriod to tho differont parts of tho body? Tho Qlood cnrrios nourishment to the different parts of the body by means of closed tubes called blood vessels. ... 21. Q. What othor :function does tho blood perf onn? '"· The blood furnishes heat a,,d oxyg~n to c..11 parts of the body, und carries ,.,a.stQ ma.ttor from a.11 tho tissues to tho lungs, kidneys, skin and bowels, whose work it is to soparute tho ·110.stos from the blood and expel them from the body. 22. Q. Yihat koops tho blood stream in motion? , .. Tho blood is kept moving by tho pump-like action of the hoo.rt. 23. Q. What is the heo.rt and l/1hero is it loco.tad? , •. The heart is a musculo.r orgo.n about tho size of a mc.n' s fist, situated in the chest behind and to tho left of tho broastbono. 24. Q. Explain tho action of tho heart! , •. The heart ~cts like o. doublo-nction pump, one side of which f orcos the fresh blood through tho body, tho other sido forcing tho impure blood to tho lungs. 25. Q. What is the rato of speed at which tho hoart opera.toe nonnally? , •. Tho heurt contracts or boats o.bou'f; 72 times per minute. 26. Q. \lhat a.re tho blood vessels? 1~. Tho blood vassols aro tho arteries, veins o.nd capillo.rios through which the blood is convoyed to a.11 po.rts of the body. 27. Q. 111ho.t is tho function of the arteries! arteries carry the puro blood from tho hoart. They divide and subdivide ... Tho until they become vory small in size and aro knovm o.s capillaries. 28. Q. What is the function of tho veins! ;.,, The capilla.ries join i'ino.J.ly forming voins through which tho impure blood is returned to the heart. 29. Q. Vlhero may tho pulse beat rate be examined conveniently! 1.'-,.. Ono can feel the pulse beat a.t the wrist or tomplo. 30. Q. Vlhat is meant by rospirntion? ~. Rospiration moans breathing - inhlll.ing puro uir and driving out tho impuritios that the lungs hnvo sopnrnted from the blood. �31. Q. What is the no.turo of the lungs! ••· Tho lungs are two cone•sho.pod bod~os which E\rO soft, spcngy and elastic. The outside of eaoh lung is coverQd by u closod sac called the pleura. 32. Q. How is tho blood purified in tho lungs? i•• Tho lungs contain vary dolicato capillurios with blood on tho inside o.nd air on tho outside so tho.t gasos in the nir und blood aro e~sily oxchnngod. 33. Q. \✓ ho.t is tho normnl rate of broo.th:i,.ng? ••· Brea.thing occurs in health o.bout 15 to 20 times por minute. 34. Q. Who.t duty is performed by tho nor'fous system? •·· Tho nervous systom koops tho different parts of tho body in touch with eo.ch othor and it controls o.nd rcgulntos tho fundtions of the organs, 35. Q. Of uha.t does tho nervous systom consist? .~. Tho nervous system consists of norvos and norvo cells or centers. 36. Q. Describe the nerves! •·· Tho norvos nro round, ,·,hito cords consisting of norvo fibers ,·, hich fonn connections between tho norvo contcrs and the ends of the norvos. 37. Q. Why docs tho nervous sys·tem pla.y Wl important po.rt in injuries? ~•- The ncrvo cantors o.re o.l~uys o.ffectod by soriou~ injury and a. condition of shock gonoro.liy results. SHOCK 38. Q. V!ho.t is shock? .•. Shock is a. suddon vitt'.l doprossion of the nervous systom. 39, Q. \iha.t C[Lusos shock? ... Sevoro po.in, loss 'of blood, fright, a.ngor, surgiccl op orc.tions, seeing own injury or injurios of others, ~nd o.ccidonts by electricity or gc.s cause shock. 40. Q. Whc.t uro tho symptoms of shock? ... 1. The fa.co is pc.le and hc,s o.n anxious e.xprossion. 2. The eyelids droop, tho oyos a.re dull end the pupils lc.rgo. 3. Tho skin is clc..mmy c..nd covorod ,,i th cold sweo.t. 4. The p~tiont is somo~ho.t stupid und tc.kos little intorost in things ~bout him. 5. Ho m~y suffor from nausea. o.nd vomiting. 6. He mc.y nnswcr questions slowly. 7, Ho mo.y bo pertly or totally unconscious. 8. Brouthing is shc:.llow o.nd fcoblo. 9 . . The pulse is ro.pid o.nd ,100.k, c.nd mr.y not be f cl t o.t tho Ylrist. 41. ~- 11h~t is the troe:.tmcnt for shock! ... 1. Plc.co tho porson in a. comforto.blo position ,·lith his hcc.d low. 2. Removo c.11 foreign subst~ncos from his mouth. 3. \-lro.p tho porson in wo.rm blo.nkots, clothing or bra.ttico cloth. 4. Give a. liquid stimulc.nt if p~tiont is conscious. 5. ~.J.lo,·1 po.tiont to inhc.lc fumos of u.rmnc..tic spirits of runmonio. if h1,; is unconscious. First-a.id mon should tost strongth of stimulant boforo applying. 6. Fla.co hca.t a.pplicntions a.round po.tiont undor covoring. 7. Rub logs ~nd ~rrns toward body undor covering. 8. Flo.co c. small hco.t o.pplioution ovor hoe:.rt. 42. Q. Undor wha.t conditions would it bo improper to pl..:.co tho pn.tiont' s he::.d. lo'i11 ~J..so, in ccsos of sunstroke and o.poploxy. ••· l'ihon thore is c. fro.cturod skull or severe hcmorrhc.go from tho hco.d. �- 4 43, Q. Under what conditions would it be improper to give a stimulant to a patient who is suffering from shock? A. If the person has a fractured skull, sunstroke, apoplexy or s·e vere bleedin~ from the head, do not give a stim4lant. If the patient has internal ble~ding, do not give a stimulant until the hemorrhage has been checked. 44. Q. \/hat may be used for heat applications? A. Heat pads, hot water bottles, hot bricks, stones, etc., may be used for heat applications. 45, Q. What precaution must be taken with heat applications to avoid burning patient ? A. Wrap heat applications in cloth or paper and test before applying to avoid. burning patient. 46. Q. 'iihat substance or material may be used for a liquid stimulant? A. Aromatic spirits of ammonia, (a teaspoonful in a half glass of water), hot coffee, hot tea or hot water may be used as a liquid stimulant . 47. Q. How should a liquid stimulant be a.dministered ·? A. Raise person's head and allow him to tak e liquid in sips f rom a glass. 48. Q. Under what condition should a liquid stimulant be given? A. A liquid stimulant should be given ·when the patient is conscious. 49. Q. How may stimulant be given if the patient is unconscious? A. Give stimulant to an unconscious person by pouring aromatic spirits of ammonia on a cloth and pennitting the patient to inhale the ammonia fumes. The strength of the fumes should be tested before applying to the patient. 50. Q. How long should the shock treatment continue? A. The shock treatment should be started immediately after the bleeding has been checked and continued until the patient has been tufned over to the doctor. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Electric Shock Gas Poisoning Suffocation Drowning 51. Q. How does electricity cause shock! A. Electricity causes shock by paralyzing the nerve centers that control breathing or by stopping the regular beat of the heart. 52. Q. \/hat are the symptoms of electric shock? A. The symptoms of electric shock are: l. Sudden loss of consciousness; 2. Absence of respiration which if present is slight and cannot be observed; 3. Yieak pulse or absence of pulse; and . . 4. burns at the point of contact with the conductor of electricity. 53, Q. 'ilhat precautions must be taken in rescuing a person from contact with a live wire? A. The foi1owing precautions are necessary: 1. If a switch is near, turn of! the current, but lose no time in looking f:or one. 2 . Sqort circuit or ground the current by means of a drill, auger, bar, piece of wire, taking care to release hold of the instrument befQre it touches the live wire. • J. Insulate yourself from the ground and remove the person from the wire. Protect yourself by using dry non-conducting material such as clothing, dry wood or thick paper; also, protect the hand you use to grasp the patient by your cap, coat or any dry non-conducting material. 4. Allother way is to take your belt, handkerchief, coat, piece of dry rope or similar material and loop it over tho victim's head or foot and pull him off tho Vii.re. 5. tIf......__,,_, is near at hand, use it to cut the uire but first make cortain _ _ _ _ _ ___,,_ andle s d "!-.l -~----~- �54, Q. What explosive gas is commonly fo\,\nd in coal 1aines? A. Methane gas is commonly found in coal min6s, 55, ~- In what ways is mothane gas dangerous? A. It ma.y explode and burn persons within the range of the oxploeion. In burning or exploding, poisonous ca.rbon mono;d.de go.a is often generated, 56. Q, What are some of the poisonous gasos ! J•. Sulphur dioxido, oxides of nitrog~n, ammonia, hydrogon, sulphide, and carbon monoxide. 57, ~- Is c~rbon dioxide gas poisonous or dangerous! A, Carbon dioxide gas is not poisono"4s but may en.use death by suffocation if pITosent in sufficiont quantity,' 58, Q. \/hat trca.tmont should bo givon a drowning parson? J-... 1. i~lways rescue the pElrson from tho water us quickly as possible. 2. Lqck your hands under the patient's stoma.ch and lift him several timos to drain the ,1ater out of his air passages u.nd stomach. 3, Loso no time in rosorting to artificial rospirution. 59. Q. Whut treatment should be given to a person suffering from suffocation or o.sphyxiati on? J•. Remove the victim to pure air and start artificial respiration without delay. 60. Q. V/ha.t treatment should be given a person suffering from electric shock? l'i., Remove tho person from conta.ct with olectric conductor and start artificiQ.1 respiration immediately. 61. Q. ~hut is artificial rospiration? .ii., i•rtificial respiration is the term given to the act of causing a. person to breath artificially by means of comprosaing the walls of tho chest, farcing the air out of tho lungs, and allowing tho walls of the chest to o.xpo.nd, drawj,ng fresh air into the lungs, 62. Q. When should artificial respira.tion be started? , •. i.s quickly a.a possible after the accident has occurred, 63, Q. How J,ong should a.rtificial respiration be continued? , •. Until, brae.thing is restored or for nt least four hours. 64. Q, ~hat procautions must bo ta.ken boforo starting artificial respiration? 1•. 1. Romovo all foreign bodies from the patient's mouth; 2. Looson tight clothing from tho victim's nock, chost and v,aist; and 3. Sqe that the tongue is forward. 65. Q. What additional traatmont would you give the victim? .~. Give tho victim tho regular trea.tmont for shock. 66. Q. How many times per minuto would you co.use the pa.tiont to broath in giving artificial roepirution. i~. Tho pa.tiont should bo made to brea.th 12 to 15 timos por minute. 67 • Q. ~lho.t. are t.he commonl.y usad methods of o.rtificiul rospiration . ..~. Tho ~yl.veator c.nd prono proseure mothods, 68. Q: V/hicb mothod is proferable? ,.. Tho prone pros suro method is pref erabl o. 6 9, Q, Domonstro.te the Sylvostor method of nrtifici!ll respiration and show how to cho.ngo operators without broa.king rhythm, A. {Each member of tho ela.ss domonstra.to.) �·,· ;•• ,~ ~ t ,,,.. ': ·, ~ 1 ' .- ,.~;·. ' •. • •• , • -• .; ( t"' I - 6 70. Q. Domo~str~to tho prone prossuro method of ~rtifici~l shoW hOW to chango opera.tors ·without brouking rhythm rcspiro.tion .md J •• (Ea.ch mambor of tho clnss domonstrr.to. )' • HEMORRH:.GE OR BLEEDING 71. Q. Give c. definition of homorrhugo? , •. Hemorrho.go is the flow of blood from c.n urt ory, vein o:c co.pillo.ry. 72. Q. \ihut o.re the symptoms of o.rtoria.l bleoding! rod blood spurting from o. wound indico.tos tha.t 4 \ , Brigl'lt, C'.n artery hus boon cut. 73. Q. \1ha.t c.rc. the symptoms of voinous Qlooding? ; •. Dr..rk rod blood flovli.ng in a. steady strorun indicates voinous bloqding. 74. Q. \Zha.t o.ro tho symptoms of capillo.ry blooding? n. If tho blood is rod a.rid oozos from the r10und, it is from capillo.rios. 75. Q. Ho\1 would you stop tho flow of blood from a wound ,Jith capillo.ry blooding? ,\, J·•pply o. clco.n bcmdugo compress directly ovor tho \·1ound. 76 . ci. Ho,: would you stop tho flow of blood from o. ,1ound v,ith voinous blooding? .-.. Usually bleeding from o. voin co.n be chocked by applying c. la.rgo bandugo compross diroctly ovor tho wound. If this fails, comprossion should bo mo.do on tho sido of tho wound m1c.y from tho hoc.rt. 77. fl. How ,rould you chock tho flow of blood i'rom a. wound with c.rtoriru. blooding? ••. \Ihon o.n o.rtory is cut, tomporo.ry digital pressure should bo npplied on o. prcs~uro point botwoon tho wound and tho boo.rt o.ftor ,1hich o. tourniquet should bG applied on tho prossuro point. 78. Q. \."hy must digital pressure bo appl:j.ed boforc tho tourniquet? i •• Digital prossuro is applied beforo the tourniquot so th:it no 4 nnecosso.ry time will bo lost in chocking the flotr of blood. 79. Q. \,ho.t is maant by prossuro points? ... Prosau: points o.rc locations on the surfaco of tho body whore pressure co.n 0 convQnl.ontly bo mudo on tho largo a.rt orios to stop tho f lovt of blood. 80. Q. \_iha.t is a tourniquet? Ho a tourniquet is o. d ovico • . uaod to c.pply and hold prossuro on a prossuro point. 81. Q. A. :ow long should a tourniquet remain tightly over a pressure point? fot more than twenty minutes after which the tourniquet should be loosened or several seconds and then tightened. 82. Q. Class Will indicate the following pressure points: 1. wound of scalp, 2. wound of face or nose, 3, wound of armpit or arm torn from body, 4. wound of arm, 5. vround of forearm, 6 . w~>Und of hand , 7. wound of groin, 8. uound of thigh, and 9. wound of leg. BJ. Q. Vihat are the symptoms of internal hemorrhage? A. Ths symptoms of internal hemorrhage. are faintness, cold skin, po.le face 1 dilated pupils, thirst, feeble, irregular breathing, sighing, clouded vision, weakness, rapid pulse, dizziness and later, loss of consciousness. ---- �- 7 84 • Q. \'i'hat is the treatment f · t A. Lay the patient dovm wi~r i~ ernal, hemorrhage? . ci.t-cloths to the b 0 d t t h hi~ heaq. lower than his body and apply ice or cold do not give st• he point from which you think the bleeding comes· or cold t i~u ans unless absolutely necessary but you m~y aive ice water wa er s owly if the patient io conscious. ' i\ 0 85. Q. Why i~ arterial bleeding dangerouij ! A. Arterial bleeding if all d death L ' owe to go unchecked for a short time, may cause • oss of blood also complicates the condition of shock. 86. Q. ~~hat is nature's method of stopping bleeding? A. ~~ile b~ood is flowing through th~ body, it is fluid; but as soon as a blood ss~l 16 severed, the blood flowing out thickens or clots and tends to s·~op flowing. WOUNDS 87. Q. What is a wound? A. A wonnd may be defined as a break in the skin. 88. Q. Name three kinds of v1ounds? A. Three kinds of wounds are the incised, lacerated and punctured. 89. Q. \That is an incised wound? A. An incised wound is one vthich the edges are smoothly divided without any bruising or tearing. They are produced by some sharp cutting instrument, such as a knife, a piece of glass or sharp piece of coal or rock. 90. Q. ~ihat is a lacerated wound! A. A lacerated ,;1ound is one ,1hich presents ragged edges and is the result of tearing the skin and tissues by blunt instruments or machinery. 91. Q. \"/hat is a punctured v1ound? A. A punctured wound may be produced by pbinted instruments such as needles, splinters, nails, or pieces of wire. may be very deep. They are usually small in size but 92. Q. \ihat precautions must be taken by the first-aid man in treating wounds? A. 1, If there is bleeding from an artery, check the flow of blood and apply a tourniquet . 2. Do not touch the wound with your hand, clothing or any instrument and do not pour water or any drugs into or on it. J. Care should be taken to make all dressings wide enough to cover the wound completely. 4. A sterile bandage compress should be applied over the wound as quickly as possible and the knot tied over the compress. 93. Q. Und~r what conditions would you not tie the knot over the compress! A. In compound fractures, wounds of the eye and fractured skull, the knot should not. be tiod ovor the compress. 94. Q. \iha.t bandages a.re usod in first-aid work! .A.. The compress and the t ri.angu1ar or cravat bandages. ~5- Q. In generai, ho~ t~ght shou1d bandages bo app1iod? A. Bundages should be app1iod firmly, but never tightly. 96. Q. Members of the class will demonstrate the following drossings: 1. wound and bleeding of the scalp, temple, ear or face, 2. wound and bleeding of forehead, 3. v1ound and bleeding of nose, 4, injuries of the eyo, 5. wound and bleeding of chin, 6. wound and bleeding of neck or throat , . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 7_ • :WOU1"1d D'"d b't,,.. a,U ,..,. ,_#_ .... i... .,,.._._,] .J f t �- 6 8. wound and blooding of armpit, 9. arm -~orn from body, 10. drossing for amputated ann, 11. wound and blooding of upper a?lm, 12. v,ounri and blooding of elbow, 13. wound and bleeding of foroarm, 14. wound and blooding of wrist, h d 15. wound and bleeding of pc.lm of the and, 16. vround and bleeding of back of the han , 17. wound and bleeding botv,oen tho shoulders, bd 18. \"1ound and blooding of back, cl'}est, sid\or :d omen, buttocks, 19. ·wound and blooding of lower part of bac , a omen or 20. \"found and blooding of groin, 21. wound and blooding of crotch, 22. wound and bleeding of hip, 23. wound and bloeding of thigh, 24. wound and bleeding of kneo 25. wound and blooding of log, 26. wound and bleeding of ankle or foot, and 27, wound and bleeding of foot. 97. Q. \ihat is a dislocation? A. A dislocation is a slipping of a bono out of its socket, 98. Q, \ihat other injury always accompanies a dislocation? A. Tho ligwnents about a dialocatod joint aro always torn. 99, Q. \,hat aro the symptoms of a dislocation? A. The symptoms of a dislocation aro (1) dofotmity; (2) the head of tho bono can usually be felt; (3) tho limb in which the joint is dislocated may be either longer or shorter than the uninjurod limb; (4) it is ~mpossible to place the dislocated limb in its natural position; and (5) pain and S\7elling accompany a dislocation. 100. Q, In gonoral, how would you treat a dislocation? .A. Apply dressings or splints in the lino of deformity, a.nd treat for shock if nocesso.ry, 101. Q. Is it proper for the first-o.id man to reduco certain dislocations? ,L. Yoe. 102. Q. 'itbat dislocations may the first-aid man reduce? 1•• The first-aid man may reduce dislocations of tho fingers, toes, and lower jaws. l03, Q. Members of the class will demonstrate tho following treatments: 1. dislocated finger or thumb 2, dislocation of lower jav,, ' 3, dislocation of shoulder, 4. dislocation of elbov,, 5. dislocation of hip, and 6. dislocation of knoe. FRJ.CTU:RES l.04. Q. \;ho.tis a frac-turo? ••· ;. f rac-turo is o. brokon bone. 105. Q. Namo tho two kinds o,f fractures handled in first-aid work! , .. Simple and compound fro.ctures. 106. Q. Defino o. simplo fracture? ••· I. simple fracture is .ono in which the bone is broken but there is no opon wound in connection \"lith the fraoturo. �107. ~- Dufin0 a compound fracture? ••· .. cornr,ound fracture is one in ,1hich thGro is an opon ,·,ound communicating vii.th tho bone at the point of the fro.cturo. 108. Q. 'iihat ;uc.y ho.pp en vrhcn o. simplo f rc.cture is imhprodpl?rly ho.ndlb0d 1 onVorted into ••• simplo f r:icturo, by careless or improper un 1.ng, ma.y O c 0 ~ com~vund fracture • • l 09. Q. Ho•.-1 might c. s impl o fro.ct ure bo c onv o rt od into o. comp o~ndt f ro.lc~tutrlo ? t,-,1· st .....•.. brokon bcno usuclly bo.s sharp, S0.\7-tcoth odgos o.nd m~y push it through tho skin. JUS a. J. o • 110. Q. ',ihc.t c.re tho symptoms of c. fra.cture? . . ~. The symptoms of o. fro.ct uro o.ro (1) po.in c.nd t ondornoss ~t the p 01.nt of. fr;:.cturo; (2) inr.bility of pc.tiont to movo tho broken limb; (3) a. gra.ting sons~tion m~y bo fvlt in ha.ndling tho limb; o.nd (4) tho limb ma.y be oithcr shortonod or bent a.s compo.rod ,,,ith u similur pa.rt of tho uninjurud sido. 111. Q. In general, v,hnt proco.utions should bo tc.lrnn in tro=..tin g f rc.cturos? ... Tho f ollo,;ti.ng prvcL..utions should be tnk en in t rec.ting f ructuros: 1. huvo tho injured person lie doun o.nd do not mcvo him unloss ~bsolutoly nccosso.ry until splints hc.vo boe:n c;pplicd; , 2. plo.ce tho limb in Li. position o.s n0nrly nc.tura.l o.s possible by to.king hold of tho lo..-,or pa.rt of the limb ~nd pulling gently c..nd stco.dily; o.nd 3, tho under purt of th~ limb should bo supported on both sides of tho break in order to ste~dy the bone until splints ho.vo boon o.pplicd. 112. Q. ··.,ba.t spccic.l proco.utions must be t::-.kon when tree.ting compound frc.cturos? ••· Spoci.l.l proca.utions which must be to.ken r1hcn trouting compound fro.cturcs c,ro a.a foll o•;m : 1. If c.rte:ri~l blce;ding is present, check v,ith tomporc.ry pressure cmd c.pply c. tcurniquct tightly; 2. ~pply ~ tourniquet luusoly on pressure point ubovo tho frQCturo if bl0oding is not pros ant; 3, dress the wound ..,,ith a. storilo bcmdo.gc compress end o. crc.vc..t or trio.ngulcsr b~nda.gc; 4. if bones nre protruding do not tic knots ovor compress; o.nd 5. de not nttornpt to pull tho limb into norm~l position if bones cro protruding. 113. Q• \ihc..t c.ro tho symptoms of a. re.ct uro cf tho skull? .~. Blc,cd r.nd scrum ma.y flov, from tho oC'.rs. Blooding mc.y bo soon in tho oyos, noso o.nd mouth, end tho victim muy bo conscious er unc~nscious. f 114. Q. •11hc.t trca.tmont is givon for a. fra.cturo cf tho skull? 4 •• Plo.co tho hcr.d c,n : : . folded blnnkct or coa.t in such munnor ns not to ovoko prossuro on the fra.cturo. If u compound fra.cturo oxists, chock thG bleeding by pla.cing n la.rgo bnnda.go compress ovor th0 wound end tic it finnly in ~la.cc with tho knot tiod frcm tho ·wound. Cover tho compross era.vet bc.nd~go m1d tro~t for shock, but givo stimulunt. c.,10.y ,·Ji.th do 115. Q. Hc,v, ,1culd you tro::-.t r. frc.cturo of the noao? J,.. ;.ppl.y a. bc-.ndo.go comprosa, not too J.ightl.y, l.l.6. Q. Mombors of th~ cl.a.as ,lil.l domonstr::-.tc n not tho a.a for ,,ound cf tho noso. following drussings fer frncturos: 1. dressing for frncturo of jnw, 2. dressing for fr~cturc of ccllcr bono, 3, dressing for fr~cturo of nrm, 4. dressing for fro.cturo of elbow, 5, droasing for frccture of forearm, 6. dressing for fra.cturo of wrist, 7, dressing for frc.cturo of hand, a.nd 8. dressing for fra.oturo of shoulder bla.do. �- -u 117. Q. ";ihc..t a.re tho symptcms for fr~:~cturo of the rib? ••· The symrtoms for frc.cturo cf tho rib r.ro sovc..ro po.in in brcmtqing, tondernoss e,vor th ~. suspoct~d frr.cturc, c.nd ina.bility to tt'.ko c. lcng brenth bccuusu of tho pain prcduccd. 118. Q. Deme,nstrr.te drossing for frc.cturo of tho rib? 119. Q. \,ho.t arc tho symptoms for n frc.cturo of tho spino or brokon bnck? , •. '£ho p'.; .tiont will bo pc.ro.lyzod from tho wr.istlino dcvm nnd ho will bo unr..blo te, me,vo hi's logs. Dofe,rmity ma.y bo prosont nt tho point \7horq tho spine ho.a boon frc.cturod. • 120. Q. If tho pntiont's be.ck is bent nt the point of fro.cturo, v,hc.t would bo tho procoduro? ••· De- not try to strr.ightcn pntiont if his be.ck is bent. Troc.t for shock c.nd sand for tho doctor. 121. Q. Clr.ss domc,nstrc.to prccoduro of dressing ... frc;cturo of th-l spine if tho pr.ticnt is fe,und in a. strr.ight position. 122. Q. ·,iho..t nro tho symptoms of o. frr.cturc of tho p ol vis? ••. 'rho pdiont comp lo.ins of sovorc po.in th rough t h 0 pol vis. 123. Q. Mombors of tho clcss will domonstrnto procedure of drossings fer tho following f rc-.ct uroa: 1. frc.cturo of tho polvis; 2, compound fro..cturo of the thigh with c'.rtcrir..l bleeding; 3. frncturc of tho kncocnp; 4. frncturo of the log or o.nklo; r.nd 5. fructuro er crushing of foot or tcos. BURNS OR SCJJ.,DS 124. Q. Givo n dofinitien of c burn? ,~. i. burn is nn injury c~~usud by tho c.pplicr..tion of hor.t, cithor dry c,r moist. 125, Q. How should clc,thing bo romovod from n burn? i~. Romovo C'.11 lee.so clothing, but do not try to romcvo clc.thing th2.t c-.dhoros tc tho skin -- cut cround it. 126. Q. \ihorc should thG dressings bo o.pplicd dtor r. burn or sccld? exclude tho nir ns quickly c'.S possible by npplying picric ncid g~uzc mcistonod with stoam or vro.tor to r.11 burnod surfncos. ... 127. Q. Defino picric c.cid gnuzo? ••• Picric r.cid gr.uzo is c. sterile gnuzo which h:.>.s been tror.tod with r. 0.5 tc 1 per cont solution cf picric ncid. 128. Q. ·1ihc.t prccr.utions must bo ta.kon in trcding bums? The fcllovting procr:utiona must bo tv.kon in trcr-.ting burns: l. dcn't bind burnod surfr.cos togothor; 2. don't apply b::-.ndcgos too tightly; mid 3. dcn't fr.il tc bo c.soptic. ... I 129. Q. Clr..as domcnatrc-.to troc..tmont r-.nd dressing of the follcming burns: 1. burns c,f tho hoa.d, fci.co r:.nd nock; 2. burns of th.:. cntiro bcdy c.bovc the v,c.istlino including upp 6 r extremities but net tho hcr.d, fa.co er nock; r.nd 3, burns of ontiro bc..dy below thu v,,r.istlino including lL V/Or oxtrCJmitios. GENER/..t. 130. Q. ·,:hr.t c-.ru bruises r.nd how c-.rc thoy cr.usod? ~- Bruises cro injurios t t ., bl d c ho tissuos undor tho ski· n • ..i... h smc-..... 1 u voaaola mo.y bo b k Th ~n v,uic muny cf tho striking scmo pc.rt of th b ro on. . oy r.ro cr;usod by r~ porscn f 11 o ody or boing struck by soma c,bjoot. c. ing or ' �I - 11 - 131. Q. \ihct r.rc the symptoms of bruisus? , •. Tho symptoms of bruises r.ro immodir.tc pC'.in from tho injury to tho norvos, suolling, blr.ck c.nd bluo mr~rks, nnd lr.tor pr.in from prossuro of the blc.,cd en tho norvos which is incror.sod by movomont. 132, Cl, \,hc.t trcr.tmont v,c.uld you give t:. bruise? .~. ,·~pply c.n ico b:-.g or cold wot to,·rnl o.nd rost tho injured pc.rt. 133, Q. \ihr.t is n strc.in r.nd how is it er.used? H, strcdn is ovorstrotohing of tho muscles. It rnn.y be cnusod by a. suddon \1rcnch r.s in lifting hor.vy 1ivoights. In sovoro strc~ins sma.11 blood vossols mc.y bo brckcn. ••• 134. Q. How vrnuld you troo.t £'. strru.n? ,~. Ho.vo tho injured person ro st r.nd rub tho pn.rts gontly with nlcchcl ::ind vmtor or witch hC\.zol. 135. Q. ',,hct is ::t sprnin :::.nd how mr.y it bo c"usod? .... ,·. sprnin is c.n injury tc r. jcint. It mc.y bo cnusod by viol ent stretching, tuisting or p~rtia.l broa.king of tho ligc.monts ~bout n j oint. 136. (2. Hew v,ould ycu troat r. sprnin? ••· Eleva.to tho joint r.nd pla.co it c.t r1.bsoluto rost, r-.pply hot t ovrnls c-vcr the injury sovor.'.l times, pln.co ~ crc.vr.t firmly a round the j oint, c.nd sond the injured parson tc tho doctor. 137. Q. 1,i"ha.t c:.ro tho symptc.;ms cf rupture? I•• i. shr.rp stinging pC'.in, sickness c.t tho stcmc.ch r.nd c. fooling thnt scmothing ha.a givon wr.y. ~-. lump will nppoc.r in tho grc.in. 138. Q. \1hc.t is tho first-a.id troutmont fer rupturo? ••· f'lc.co tho pC'.tiont on his bn.ck with his knoos Woll rnisod tov,::-.rd tho nbdcmon ~nd tho logs supportod vith ~ pillcw ur fcldod jnckot. Cloths wot in ocld wr...tor should thon bo plC'.cod over tho hornio.. c,r lump c.nd sond for tho dc.ctor immodic:.toly, Novor force tho pc.tiont to lio in r. strcight pcsiticn. 139, Q. 11hn.t is hoC'.t oxhr.ustion! l·•· HoC'.t oxha.usticn is collupso from tho offocts of hoc-.t. 140. Q. \,hr.t r.ro tho symptcms cf hoc.t oxha.ustion? ••· Tho symptoms of hor.t oxhc.usticn a.re tho snmo r-.s thcso which indicn.to shock. 141. Q. nhn.t is tho troc.tmont fer hout oxha.ustion! ••· Tho tror.tmont for hor.t oxhc.ustion is tho samo c.s the trer..tmont for shock. 142. q. Whd is tho er.use of sunstroke! 1•• Sunstroke is cnusod by prolonged exp csuro to tho ro.y s of tho sun or to oxcossivo hont indoors. 143. Q. \'lhr:.t C'.re the symptcms of sunstroke? ••· Tho symptcms cf sunstroke a.re c:.s follovrn: l. tho pr.tiont is r.lwuys unconscious; 2. tho fnco is rod ~nd flushed; 3. tho skin is h0t end dry; 4. no purspirc.tic,n v,h::.tse:over is prosont; 5, the brocthing is l~bcrod C'.lld cf n snoring chcructor, 6. tho pupils ~ro enlarged; nnd 7. tho pule e is sl cw ::-.nd full. 144. q. Whnt first-a.id troo.tment wculd you give for sunstre,ke! ••· For sunstroko ycu would trec..t C'.S follows: 1 • reduco thto.t0itnptor~turo of tho body us quickly cs possible; 2 . romovo pc ion o ~ eccl pluco· 3. r ~iso pnticnt's hea.d by plucin' 4. romovo clothing; g vn ~ foldod cont or blr..nkot; 5, n.pply ico er cold water tc· ho~d 6 • rub oxt romitios · tovmrd henrt t....0 nnd body:• 7. do not givo stimulr.nt. •· provont sh eek; ::-.nd �145. 1.2 r,. Ho\'I would you treat frostbites or freezing? 1.. Rub the affected pa.rt with sno,r 01, cold ,;ra~cr after vrhich use wanner \·1ater gra.dua.lly. Give the patient a li quid si;imula.nt. Do not expose the affected part to hoo.t immediately after having beon frostbitten or frozen. 146. r,, \'/ha.t first-aid troo.tmont ,1ould yot\ u3e for snake bite? ... Snc.ko bite would bo trec.tcd c.s fallows: 1. ;,pply improvised tourniquet just ubovo the v10und botneon tho wound and the heart tight onough to stop tho circulution of tho blood; 2. opon tho holes made by the snu~o•s fangs cutting longthvise of tho limb; 3. let tho blood run fror.i the. cut o.nd a.t the sur.ic tioo rub the v10und ,-,ith tho fingers to dislodge a.ny of tho poison that roL10.ins; a.nd 4. loe,son tourniquot every twenty minutes for fivo seconds. 147. Ct. Monbcrs of class demonstra.to propa.ring u pu.tiont for trr.nsporta.tion, loo.ding on improvised or a.my-type atrotchor nnd tra.nsporting putiont. L �:···· . ········· ................ .. ...... . ................. ....... ... . .... ...... ..................................... . ....... . ........... . ....... . ............. .. ................... . P HE L P S D ODGE C OR P OR A T I ON 3T A G CA N ON I3R j.._ NCH QUESTIONS . .. Dawson , New Mexico April 18, 1927. : ... ............... -.... ......... . .... -...... -.............. .... ... . ......... . ............... -............. . .... ... .......................... -...... . ........ ....... --................ . . L �EXP.i£fiT FI EST AID EY.J.J.lINATIOl-1 1. Wh::,t i c the i.'i rs t t hin:;; c:. f i r s t c. h t m..:.n s hould d o •;:i t h L pe r- ., on thut injur er_:_? SHOCK 1JW i LECTri.IC SiIOCI: L Give G:fIT,fJ"Gom.s 01 :,hock . 2. TTl"<1t c1·.uc e r, :, hocl~? 3. :i.,:XpJ.uiil t he ·(~re '- t :r.ent .:' or f; ho ck 4. Sxplci n e l e c tl·ic 5. :CxpJ.ain hov1 t o re r;cue t:. :::wn £'rort1 :~. li·-, e cJ.e ch'ic ',1i2: e . 1. Ha1t10 t he t h1·ee r.: 02:t COI'..::w n :_:t.s e ::, .found in c oal mine s, 3. Bxplc.!.in how t o d etec t c.:..cl":. 4, ,Sx1)le.in whc..c £:i'i.'e c t Ca:cbon- d.i. oxio.e h.'.:?.s or, the bocty. 5, Explain wlle.t ef :: e ct w1ci o.ct l on Cc.rb on- monoxicJ.c hi:;.s on the body , L Explr.:in 13or.io o.i.' the c.::.u ce r., o.;:· nu' f oc a-:.,ion c,nd e:.r,p:. .yxiat l or: , c:.no. t he t re.:..tment . 3, When c hould 2.:d, i f icL .l re;.pir::cti on b o g:i --1 en? .,,r= . Hm, 101:~; would y ou c ontinue ~-- rtifici :..:.l r e s ~,i r..:..t i or: b8i' or c you ·.-;ould decide t hi~t t here v,e:.s no l".OfJO ? s '.: ock ; v.rhfai. i , d oe s t o the b oei.y c.:.ml hor: t o tre c:.t . DLE80H:GS 1. lfllic.t mL.te1·i o.l i o uGed - :£' 0 1· dros s in 6 ::.; i n I.'irs t cci d 1:rork '? -1- i 3 �_.,. BLEEDING 1. Explain the circulc.tion of t he blood throu;;h the body . 2. What is t he normal puls0 per r.iinute? 3. In vvhn.t nw_nner d oe s t he bood come fr om an a ·tor:r v;hich hn::; been s zv8 rec? 1~. Expla in ca pillo.r y blcdin 6 . 5. Explain 1::lccding i'ro;r. vcirn; . 6. Hov, much blood is i1: the humnn bodJr ·? 7. What is the very fir- st thi n;.:, t o do in c.::...so of a r t er ial bleeding ? 8. Whd are the t!1r e c methoas of contr olling, bl e0di ng ? 9. Explc.in symptoms of intornc..:..l hemorrhc.go and. t r catm0nt . TOUHNI J UE'l'S 1. Wh:.!.t is a tourni c1ue t? 3. In c cnsc of arterial blocd inG ,here do y ou c.ppl y the t ourni 4ue t? 4. Whc.t o.ttcntion must be 6 iven t o c: t ourni c1ue t t ho..t ha.s tho b.lood shut off ? 5. Where do you apply o. tournir~u ::::t f or bloedi n 8 ve i ns ? 6. Point out the points of presr;ure on t h-3 a r teri ~l sy s t en. KNOTS 1. Make c. reef knot. 2. Mo.ke ::t surgeons knot ., SPLINTS 1. For what are splints u~od? 2. From whut materi:.;.l con impr ovis ed Gplints be rriude? 3. Expldn how long f,pllnts should be that are us eu on the extremities and body. 4. · Horr should splintn be pa.ddod for sinplc f ra.ctur::Js? 5. Hov, should splints be paddco. for co1i1pound fracture s ? - 2- �OPEN WOUNDS_ 1. Ho.1 should open v.rounds be trec.ted '? 2. Wh1J.t prec1::.utions should :::. first o.id non take c.•.gninst in.f'ec t ion? BANDAGING 1. How should c.. b.:~do.ge be ,'.\pplioct ovGr ·c. v10U216 ? DRESSINGS FOh VIOUNDS AND BLEEDING Demonstro.te the following cirer.::::; ints encl explain trel!t.ment: 1. Wound and bleeding of the s cu.l :9. 2. Wound und bleeding of tho tC!hlple , 3. Wound und bleeding of tho f or~hes.0. . 4. Dressing i'or injury to the eye , Wound and blooding of the nose , 6. Viound end bleeding of fnce anrJ c!'iin . 7. Vlound nnd bleeding of' neck or tlu·m,t . 8. Wound and bleeding o.f the ec.r. 9. Wound and bleeding of the shoulder. 10. Wound and bleeding of the arI:lpit. 11. .Arm torn from the body. 12. Wound t:.nd bleecling o;.' the a.rr.1. 13. Wound and bleeding of the elbow. . Wound c.nd bleeding of the forec.rn ;.md w1·ist .. 15 . Wound and bleeding o.f the be.ck of the h.:J.nd. 16. Wour..d and bleeding of the pc.lm of the h:md. 17. Vlound und bleedinG o~.;• the fin ger . 18. Wound of enc.l of the fingor·. 19. Wound o.nd bleedine between the shoulc:ers. 20. Wound .and bleecling o.f the buck . �DRESSINGS FOR HOUND8 AND BLEEDING CONT'D 21 - Wound c.n<l bleeding of side of ch'?St. 22. i"found and bleeding of [:.bdo1:1cn . 23 . Wound and bleeclini;~ of 101,,cr pw·t e;f ba ck . 24 . Vlound :md bleeding of the bro::.n. 25. Wound o.nd blood in 6 of t he hip . 26. Wound .md. ble:;ciing of t h0 thiGlL 27. Dressing for umputatcd thiGh or l e ts, 28. Wound and bleedin 5 of t he kn ee . 29. Bleedins from varicose veins of the la i::·~ JO. Wound and bleec1.ing of the le g . 31. Wound and bleeding ol' ankle or heel . 32. \found m:10. bleeding of o..nklG or foot. 33. Wound encl blecc~ing of t he f oot . Wound end blcecling of t he t oo. 35. \found and bleecline of end of the toe. FOJlliIGl.i BODi iS I N TEE :.!~YE HJD TPJiOAT l. Expl,2.in the pr oper t1.·e.:i.tmcnt f er f orei 6n b oc.fos i n t he eye . 2. Explc:.in trec.tment in burns of i.. hc 8ye by chemic o.l c. J. Ex.plain trct~t Nent for :'orelcn b0J i 0.s in windpi pe or thr oat . STn1;rns .AND SPRArns 1. Explain ,,hat c.:.,uses strt.in;:; m1d s pr~ins arm the:: trca tr.ient , DISLOCJ~TIONS Deomonstrate the followin 6 dressings for disloca tions : 1. Dislocation of lmrnr j au~ e.nd how to reduce it. 2. Dislocation of the shoulder, 3. Dislocation of the elbm~,. 4. Dislocr.tion of t.he fin :::;er, -4- �DISLOCLTIO}!S CONT r D 5. Dislocation of knac or kneecap. 6. DislocD..tion of the 11ip. 7. Dislocated ,.nkle. FRACTURS.S 1. Wlw.t is D. fracture? 2. Hoy: mnny kinds of fracture::; ni·e there, from ec first c.id standpoint? 3. Whn.t is the difference betvre:in 2. simple fracture and compoumt fracture? 4. How de you recogni ze a £'rc.0hu·e ·? 5. E.xplain the cure the.t should b e taken in dress ing tJ. simple fracture. 6. Expluin the care a compound frccture should be given when dressing . Deorastro.te ~nd expl c~in the t1:ei.itr-,ent of the f ollowing : 1. Fro.cture of the skull. 2. Fracture of the nose. 3. ~,.. or cheek bone . Fr•[.cture of upper J• '-'-" 4. Fracture o.f the lorrer j c.:N " Frc..cture 0.L the collo.r bone. f • 6. Frc,cture of the shoulde:i:bl.:..de . 7, Fracture of the arm. 8. Frecture of' the eJ.bow. 9. Fracture of the forearm. 10. Fro.cture of the wrist. 11. Fracture of bones ol the hc:.nd . 12. Fracture of the fin~8r. 13. Fracture of the ribs. 14. Fracture of spine. 15. Fracture of pelvi s or haunch bone. 16. Fracture thigh. -5- �FRi,CTURES CONT 1 D. 16. Fracture of tl1e knel') co.p. 18. Fracture of the leg. 19. Fracture of the :mkle. 20. Fracture of t he f oot , t oe, or toes . BUPJrn 1. Explain fully ho•;; to t reat o. bu rn. Deor,iOnstri.:.t e criJ. expluin the f oll ov:in[; dr-e ssin.;;s : 1. Burns of the i'e:.ce:, he o.d , or neck , 2. Burns of the buck . 3. Burns o~· the che st . 4. Burns of the ar ms. 5, B~rns of the bend s . RUPTURE 1. VThut is c.. rupture? 2. Ho'il is c rupture CG.used ? 3. Whl".t is the treG.t ment for u :i:upt ure? ?OISONS Expl~ir. the kine , s yrr.ptoms , and treatr.1ent of the .follonine; pois ons : 1. Lye poison. 2. Bichloride of mercu. . y . 3, Match poison, 4. 1.J.coholic poison , 5. Cm-bolic c.cid poison. -6- �Explcin the syrr.ptoms of Lpoplcxy t~~u trcatffient. Explain symi::-tor:!S ~:nd trectmont c: s-._mstroke. E..'-::plr..in symptoms und trc-mtmcnt for huct exh::,ustion . Expli:..in sy1,1ptons nrnl trea.tnont of frost bites or fruezing. Explain the treutJ.;1 ent for snub., bi tcs. Explc.in symptoms ond treatment for epilepsy . 'l'fi..i.i'-1SPGET.,TION Demonstrate end ox::ile.in the i' ollonin 6 • 1. .Assisting one mr.n ·co Hc.lk . 2. Carrying ~cross be.ck or i'ir-JrJlL"l' s lift. J. C.::.rrying in a.ens. 4. C::..rryin3 D.stridc of' bo.ck . 5. T':10 6. 'Iwo hnnded sec.t ca:rry. 7. C~rrying by extrenities. 8. Bureau of Mines stnndurd lift. 9. Hon to loc,d & puticnt en stretcher} .:.nd how to 01:.rry on stretcher. 16. How to r.iclrn en irq,roi.risecl str·etcher. ;nen c.ssistirig putient to 1-m.lk. -7- �'.0. IO CCPIBS OF P RnBI..ENS AND SOLUTIONS USED F OR FIRS'f AAID HELD DAY JUNE 17 >1938 �MEN 1S PROBLEM NO. 1 Reading time 3 min. Workin<., t ime 10 min. A hitch-hiker is str-uck by an aut Lmo b ile and reoeives t he fr l hwing 1.nJuries: his µppe'r i:i 6 ht extremity is strai 6 hi: and wil.l no"t bend at the elbow, bus i s free to mc-ve at ih c should e r. H~ Cllnplains of gre~i; pain throu ~h the pe l vis, and it is black and blu~ in that area. Blood is spuri.in 0 from a p oint where the bon es of the left leg are prc.trudint t n the inside, midway between the knee and the ankle. 'rr oat and lc.,ad on stretcher but do not transport. JUDGES' SHEET HEN 'S ?RC BLEl/ NO. 1 Li E~ o f injuries : 1. Disloec:..tion of ri~ht blbow. ?. 94 Elbow is sl.rai~ht: should be supported in this position and oound to one splint as described. Fig. 4 3 P. 97. .n. 2. 3. Fracture of pe_lvis , simple. p . 116 ... Supp.ort fracture by plaoing one hand on ~a_c h "}:lip and then passing orie ·wide cr&va-i; . rc.und hips and tying. · i3. Plac(;l patiJnt on well padded board or back ·:spl:i,nt and bind as directed. Jompound fractu"I•e of left leg - _Arterial Bleeding .?. 101 p, 121 - 1~2 A. 4. 5. Check arterial bleeaing at poim bdween wound and heart. Apply tourniquet. B. .Leg should be supported immediately when pratlem is start!3(i. C. Cover wound with compress and cravat ae for W(und of leg P. 82 and 83. Alter position of knot so &s not to interfere with splints. D. Apply splints as described?. 121 - 122, She. ck. P. 23. Treat throughout problem. Load on stretcher any type after testing. No discounts should be given for doing more than problem calls for unless it is injurious to patient. �MEN' 3 P:ROBLEM NO. 2 Re ~dinL time 3 ruin. WGrkin~ time 11 min. A mo~orm~n is rolled beneath a car and receives the following injuries: the bones in the right foot are crushed; a wound on the palm of the left hand where bu n e enas arti notbd ; there is~ soft lump in the left ~r ~in; a cu~ Gne inch long on the ri~ht elbow; scalds of the left foot, .L eg and thigh t L even with the crotch. patient unconsc:i.ous, legs t-utstretched. JUDGES' SHEET, MEN 'S PRO BLEM NO. 2 Li st of injuries: 1. Sim~le fracture, rit ht f oot, P. 123 - 1 24. Supp ~rt fra ctured foot a nd bind to one spiint as directed, 2. Cumpound fracture left hand. p. 109 - 111. Wound on palm of hand. No arterial bleeding. Suµport fracture, .dress wound a.s • for wound of palm of hand. p. 69 -:: 70. Apply splint as dirE;i.ct ed. 3, Cut one inch long on right elbow p, 67, Fig . 26 B . , p, 68. Cover with cc.mpress and cravat as directed. 4. Rupture. p. 135 - 137 Raise knees. Apply cold packs. Ji'?. bandag es to be applied over lumi). 5. Scalds - left foot, leg and thigh up to even with crotch. Cover burn with dampened picr-ic aoid gauze and cover with series of bandages as for wounds of foot P., 83, Leg. p, 82 ·- 83. Knee P. 81 and Thigh P, 79, 6. Shock, l>, 23, P.atient unconscious. Give no stimulants internally. Carry on c.omplete shook treatment throughout problem. NOTE: All fract.ures must be supported, all wounds and burns must be given ~mm.adiate att!,lntion. Care must be exercised in handling burned meml:)si,p in aseptic ma.nner, that is, cover hands with picric acid or plain gauze. Olp,thing sho.uld be removed from burned a.r ea ;_,Q~ ann.ounc.em~nt made that it has been remov ad. �(' . MEN I S T'R0 BL11vi No. Reading ~ime 3 ffiin. 3 Working time 8 rr~nutes. :f ollowing an autcroobile accident a man is found in the following condition: ratient conscious, pulse rapid and weak with cold sweat standing out on his forehead; the patieht complains of sharp pain as he exhales and a black and blue area is noted over the seventh rib, left side. Blood is spurting from a wound on the inside of the left fo reann three ( 3) inches above wrist ; both eyes are burned by the solution from the car battery; the first and second finger of the right hand are dislocated at the second joint and the seoond finger on that hand is skinned and bleeding. Treat and transport patient 25 feet. Return to original position and unload. Two blankets and two lengths of pipe is the only first-aid material the team members have. All other must be improvised. Team has drinking water. JUDGES' SHEET, MEN'S PROBLEM NO. 3 List of injuries: NOTE: No first-aid material available except two blank~ts, and 2 lengths of pipe. l. Fracture of ribs. p. 111 - 113, Fig. 49 P. 114. Belts or strips of clothing, blanket or such material may be used to bind the ribs as directed. 2. Wound on inside of the left foreann. Arterial Bleeding. A, Bleeding must be checked by digital pressure and this pressure held until completion of problem or improvised tourniquet applied at one of the pressure points between heart and wound. B. Wound should not be covered - sinoe no steralized material is available. Wound should be guarded and toeun should be discounted if blankets or other material touches wound during problem. J. Burns of both eyes. Chemical. p. 125. A, Turn patient's head to side and wash freely with water 4. Dislocation of first and second fingers second joint on right hand. P. 96 - 99. Pislocation on first finger should be reduced. Dislocation on second finger should FOt be reduced due to wound. Guard and support finger with wound on. Care should be exercised to handle this wound in an aseptic manner as is explained under 2B wound on foreann. 5, Shock ?. 23, Lower head, cover patient, rub extremities, loosen tight clothing and remove foreign material from mouth. All shock treatment to be given without regular first-aid material. 6. Transportation. Load patient on improvised stretcher and transport 25 feet. original position. Return to �SCOUTG TIE PROBLEid P,.::, id i n~ time 3 minutes. Working t in:e 10 minutes. A child is playing wii.h a detonator (blasi;ing cap) when it e.xplodes. The four (4) fingers of the left hand are blown off with arterial bleeding; there i s a compound fracture of the right forearm, cone does not protrude, midway ·oetween the wrist and the elbow. Thti cut i::; one (1) inch long on the inside of the forearm. Ne, arterial bleeding; the ·left eye is injured and bleeding. There is a cut approximately two (2) inches long across the lower abdomen une (1) inch directly below the naval. No internal hemorrhage. NOTE: Dress the left hand in the form of a fist. JUDGES t SHEET scours TIE PROBLEM 1. 2. J. Arterial bleeding , le ft hand, Amputated fingers, le f t hand. Compound fracture right forearm. 4. 5. 6. Bleeding left eye. Cut across abdomen. Shock. SOLUTION 1. Arterial bleeding left hand. P, 46 - 47. A. Apply digital pressure followed with tourniquet placed at the wrist, elbow, or arm pressure points. 2. .Amputated fingers, left hand. J,.,. Apply compress or gauze over ends of fingers. B. Cover with an open triangular bandage as for wound of hand. Fig. 28 P. 72, P. 70 • 3. Compound fracture right foreann. Support fracture until dressed. B. Prepare and apply tourniquet loosely at pressure point. C. Apply compress and cravat as described Fig. 26A P, 68. D. Apply well padded splint arched for fracture as described P, 108 Fi5 . 4 7 P . 110. 4. Bleeding left eye. A. Cover eye with cumpress and cravat as described P, 59, Fig.19, P. 60. 5, 6. A. Cut across abdomen. Apply compress and dress ae described P, 74. A. Fig. 32 P. 77, Shook. p. 23. A. Place patient in comfortable position head down. B. Remove foreign substances from mouth. C. Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. D. Give stimulant_?:fter bleeding is controlled. E. Rub lower ext r er1rl:t i es toward the heaiC- ·--~ F. Apply heat application. �SENIO R SCOUT PH.OBLEJ:C i! C. 1 Reudin g time 3 min. Workin 6 time 10 min. A boy is inj ure d in a cb.r wrack and t h e fo llowing sy:npturr.s and inj uri.e.; ~re observbd: breathing is shallow and feeb l e ; e yes a r e dull with large pu?ils; c ov erect with cold sweat a r.d answers questions slowly. He is lyin~ straight, is able tu move his heaci, a r ms and sh ou lders, but is pa ralyzed from the waistline down. He has a cut twt ( 2) inches long across the cent er of the forehea.d; a cut two (2) inches lon6 across pal m of l ef t hand spurting blood, and & cut two (2) inches long also spurtin g blood, on the inside of the right arm four (4) inches above the point of the elbow. Treat, load on stretcher and transi)ort 25 feet and return to original positio n . JUDGE'S SHEET, SENIOR SCO UT PROBLEM NO. l List of injuries; 1. Fracture (simple) of spine. p. 113. Prepare splints and bind patient to same as directed . 2. Wound two (2) inches long center of forehead. p . 58. Cover wound with c 0rnpress and cravat as directed. 3, Wound un palm of left hand. P. 69 - 70. ~r~erial Bleeding P, 46 - 47, Check same at one of pressure points between wound and heart by digital pressure. Apply tourniquet at praasure point between wound and heart. 4. Wound two (2) inches long inside right arm four (4) inches above elbow. p, 67, Fig. 26A, p, 68. Arteri~l Bleeding. P. 46 - 47, Check arterial bleeding by digital pressure at pressure point between wound and heart (either above wound in arm, in arm pit, or subclavian above collar b<,ne). Apply tourniquet, between wound and heart. 5, Shock. P. 23, Raise head until bleeding on forehead i5 considered checked by compress. Then head should be lowerGd. Remove foreign material fromIIDuth of patient, cover pt!tient, rub extremities, administer stimulants, remove tight clothing. 6. Load patient tn any type stretcher and transport 25 feet. n 172. �SENIO 't SCOUT '."':l0BL.iil: NO. 2 Re ....ding -cime 3 min. v~orking time 10 min. T!'eat tha fel l owing H lJU ries: simple fracture of lower jaw; compound fracture with arterial bleeding right thi gh on inner side two ( 2) inches abovo knee; cut on th e top (instep) of left foot. Pa tient unconscious in state of shock. JUDGES' SHEET SENIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 2 List of injuries: 1. Fracture of lowbr j~w. p. 105 . 2. Comµound fracture right thigh, arterial___~le~<:!_i_?!li wound two inches above knee, inner sicie. p. 118 - 119. 3. Wound on top of instep left foot. 4. Shook, P, ?. 83. Fig. 39 P. 85. 23. All fractures must pe supported frum beginning of problem until splints or bandages are applied. Arterial bleeding must be cheoked at once by digital pressure and tourniquet applied. Shock treatment must be continued throughout problem. �SENI OR SCOUT "."'R0 .3LEM NO. 3 Re aa ing time 3 min. Working ti:ne 10 min. a :nun is f ound unoonscio us, a ppa.rentl:r not breat hing, lying on his back a cross a n elect ri c wir e . He has bu rns t wo ( 2 ) inche s wide across the palm an · ins:;..ci e of fi ng ers of ri ght hand ; bu r ns on e (1) inch wi d e a cr')SS back nec. r to p of shoulde rs. Demonstr ate t hree met hods of " shorti:1~•1 . dr • "cutt inf, off " electric current bcf ora re1LOving patient from wire, then res u scitate by all team members ( exce pting patient) performing artificial 1· es piration f or one minute each, ma king a proper chan ge of operators. P E,tient res um es breathing after team has p erf 0r med artificial respiration but does not regain consciousness. Treat. JUDGES' SHEE T SENIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 3 Lis~ of injuries: P. 135. 1. Burns 2 inches wide across palre and fingers right hand. 2. Burns l inch wide across back - top of shoulders. 3. Artificial Respiration - Prone pressure method. P. 33, 34, 35. A. Three methods of shorting or cutting off current must be demonstrated before artificial respiration is started. E. All members excluding the patient must perform artificial respiration and operators must change without breaking rhythm. 4. Shock. P. 23. Shock must be treated during the entire pr0blem in addition to the removal of foreign objects from mouth and loosening tight clothing before starting artificial respiration. NOTE: p. 128 . Fig. 30. p. Burns must be covered with picrio acid gauze or a suitable substitute and care must be taken to place gauze between fingers. It should be announced that gauze is first dampened if dry type is used, 75. �JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEi'M NO. 1 Rea.ding tirr.e 3 min. Working time 10 min. On a hike a acou~ slips and · falls over a ledge and r eceives the following inj uries: Fracture of the ·right collar bone; a cut -~wo (2) inches long, spurting bright red blood , on the bottom (arch) of the right foot; and a simple frac t ure of the lower jaw, right side. The patient is unconscious throughout the problam and suffering from shock. Treat and prepare for transportation, but do not load on stretcher. JUDGES' SHEET JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEM NO .1 List of injuries: 1. Fracture of right collar bone. P. 105, Fig. 42, P, 95. Support right arm and f orearm and bandage as directed. 2. Wound 2 inches lon 6 , bottom of right foot. P. 83, Fig. 40. ~. 86. A, ARI'ERIAL BLEEDING. P. 47. Check bleeding by digital pressure at pressure point between foot and heart. Apply tourniquet at any one of the points. 3. Simple fracture of lower jaw. Ri 0 ht side. P. 105. Support fracture to prevent movement and apply bandage aa directed. 4. Shook. P, 23. Continue shock treatment throughou~ problem. JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEM NO. 2 Reading time 3 min. Working time 10 min. A man is injured in an automobile wreck as follows: simple fracture of skull on right side of head; a cut two ( 2) inches long in the right arm pit, with dark red blood oozing from the wound; a simple fracture of the left lag; the patient is conscious but· his mind is wandering, his hands and feat are oold, and his face covered with cold perspiration. Treat and transport 15 !eet on improvised stretcher. JUDGES' SHEET JUNIOR SOOUTS PROBLEM NO. 2 List of injuries: 1. Fracture ·of skull, right side of head. Raise head, GIVE NO STIMULANTS. P, 104. 2. Wound in right arm pit. 3. Simple fracture of left leg. 4. Shock. p. 23, Give no, stimulants. Raise head. Cover patient, rub extremities, apply hot pads, bricks or hot water bottles, etc. Continue treatment throughout problem. Veinoua bleeding. P. 63. Fig. 25 P. 65, P, 121 - 122. �JTJN IOR SCOUTS PrtCBLEM NC. 3 1 eading time 3 min. 1i/o rking tirr.e 10 min. Treat th e fo l lowinb 1nJ1.1ries: Cc.. rnpound f rac"t u re of t he le f t thigh, spurting blood, t wo incnes (2 ) above knee; a compo und fr a ct ure of the left hand, wound on ba ck of han d with 0n l y v eno us bleeding; dislocation of second fins er of right hand. Patient i s unco nscio us. JUDGES' SHEET, JU NIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 3 List of inj uries: 1. Compound fracture 18ft thigh. p. ll 8 - 119 - 120. A, Arterial Bleeding . p. 46 - 47, Support f racture of thigh. Check bleeding by digital pressure at point either in thigh above wound or in groin. Apply tourniquet. Apply bandage compress and crav at as for wound of thigh Fig. 36 P. 81. Alter position of knot so as not to form pressure over wound. Apply splints as directed. 2, Compound fracture left hand - Venous bleeding. P. 109-111 Fig. 48 p. 112. Cover wound with compress and triangular bandage as for wound on back of hand. P. 70 - 71. Fig. 28 P . 72. Apply tourniquet a"t pressure point between hand and heart but do hot tighten. Apply splint as directed p, 109 - 111. 3. Diol ocation second finger right hand. P, 96 - 98. Demonstrate method of reducing finger dislocation. 4. Shock. P. 23, No bandage required. �I NSTRUCTOR' S ·ourLINE OF BUREAU OF I\ffiJES STAND!!.lID :F IRST-AID COUP.SE Le s s on No. 1. [ 1. Roll ca ll. 2. Bri ef t aJk on purpose , effects , · and benefit s of: fir s t aid. 3. Bri ef talk on anat orey of human body . (UsA charts.) ( a) Ske l "t on ( b ) J oints . ( C) Mus c l Ps •{d ) T0ndons ("' ) Slci n 4. Shock . rne ~e rvous syst om (b , Phy s i ca l shock ; cau se. and .e ffe ct ( c ). Tr£- at me nt for sho ck ; use of stimulant s ( a) 5. Artificial r esp i r ation. (a ) Th9 lung s and r e spi r ation (b) Need fo r artifi c ial r espiration (i) El e ~t r i c Shock ( 2 ) Ga s poi soning (~3) Drmrning (.;) As,hyxiation (c) Description and d monstration by instructor of Scha0f e r and Sylv<=!st0r mr-~ thods of a rtificial r e spiration and how to· change op erators without breaking ~hytbm. 0 I (d) Class practic e i n both rr£thods of artificial r0spiration and chan3P. of opP.rators. 6, Bandages and compres ses . (a) Des~ ribe and show class triangul.:J.r bandag~ and ccmpre sse s am, stow Us9 . (b) Pas s out t : ·::.r,:·,,81 1lar bandage s. (c) De scribe anj u.-=-··u'Jnstrate method of folding cr avat bandage. (d) DP. s ~1·ibe a:-1d de:n0nstrate method of tying square knot. ( 8 ) Hav~ ~lass practic~ folding cravat bandag0 and tying squa r e knot. �Control of blee ding , 7. (a) E;,...'})lain th P he ar t and l·ts a ction. (Us e chart. ) 1 d (b) De s crib,?. c irculation and time it talc e s p er son to b ee to d~atho · 11 ( C) De s cribe symptoms of art e rial, VP.inous and c ap1 ary bleP.ding. (d) Desc rib8 method s of controlling bleeding by L!'lsson No. 2 l. Roll call. 2. Give complete r eview of previous lesson with special emphasis on shock, artificial respiration, and control of bleeding. (1 ) Cold app lications 3. ( 2) :E: l civation (3) Di rPct pr8ssure . (~ ) Di gital prP-ssure ( 5 ). Tour niqu.:~t Pas s out bandages and compresses and, if previous lesson has not be en comple ted, finish it. 4. Wound s . (a ) De scribe wounds. (e) Point out _pressur e points on th e art e rial s y s t e_m and de::non s t rat P control of bleeding by di g it a l p ressure . ( Use chart. ) (f) EXDluin to cla s s tourniq_uP.t a'ld improvise d t c urniquP. t, ;,her.. and horr to use , and da nge r of not loo s ening -at 2O-minut e int e rvals. (.~) Demonstrat ;::, a:pplication of tournique t to pre s sur e points. (h) Have c la s s apply tournique ts to all pres s ure poi nts . 8. (1) Incise d ( 2} Laceratl?d (3 ) PuncturEl d (b) Desc ribe treatment for wounds, dange r of infection, and ho\1 to guard against infection. ( c ) Instructor demonstrate and have class practic e dressings for the follow:i,ng ,:rounds:_ Roll Call. NOTE: ( l} m~ad, temple, , face, or P.ar (2) Forehead (3) Er ( 4) NosP. (5) Chin (6) Ne ~k (?) Shoulder . (8) Armpit (9) Arm torn from body (10) Amputation of arm or forearm ( 11) Arm ( 12) Elbow ( 13 ) .For0arm .. ( 14) Wrist . . (15) Palm of hand . (16) Back of.hand (l?) FingEH . (18) End of fing8r (19) Be tw~er. shoulde rs (20) Back, ch&s t, side, or abdomen (21) Lo we r part of abdomen, back, or buttocks (22) Groin •( 23) Crotch The work of th~ instructor will be gre atly fa c ilit at e d by using practical or actual examples nh eP. l e cturing to c lass on value of first aid; for example ; give instanc e s . TThe rP. · life has beP.n saved by artificial r e spiration, c ontrol of ble eding, et c . The us e of practical illustrations s uch as the VP.ntilation of a mine or the flo,- of wat e r through a city wat 1;r syst P.m nill assist the class to .grasp mor"' clP:irly th<? cirr:!ulntion of blood through .the art e ries, capillari e s, and v8ins. First-aid charts should be frE'! e ly us ~d in lecturin~ on anatomy, c irculation of blood, control of bl~ ~ding , P. tc. 5. -2- Roll call. -3- �Lesson No. 3 1. Roll call. 2. Give complet e .rEwi,m of previous lP.ssons ,1ith special emphasis on shock, artificial· rP.sl).iration, an_d control of blee ding. (a) Describe symptoms nnd treatmnt of 3. Pass out be.ndc.ge s and compre sses and, if previous l e sson pas not beP.n complet 0 d, finish it. (1) Simple fracturP.s · (2) Compound fractures 4. Continu~ demonstrations and hs:ve class pract'ice dre ssing for thP. follorring nounds: 9. .. 5, (24) Hip (25) Thigh (26) Amputated leg or thigh . .. (.27 -) Kn.P. e (28) Leg (29) Ankle or foot . .. ( 3()j TOP. , (31) End of toe (b ) Explain danger of moving persons or not dressing fractures. (c ) D8mon.rtrnte and hnve class practice dressings for follouing fr o.ctur e s: .. ( 1) Skull (2) Nose ( 3) Ja.rr (4) Coller bone ( 5) Shoulde r bladP. (6) Arm (? ) Rlbou (8) Forearm (9) Wrist ( 10) Hand ( 11) Fingers ~ ·• .. :. ' I Describ e and ~xplain trea.tment ,of .-·· (a) For.,ign bodiP.s in eye (b) II II ear " ( C) nose " " " (d) windpipe or throat " " " (o) II II " stomach 6. Fractures. 10 . Roll call. Describe treatment and symptoms o.f (a) Bruise s (b) Strains (c) Sprains 7. 8. Dislo~ations. (a) Dcsr.ribe symptom d s an treatment for dislo""'t1· (b) Describe an d- E":X:Ol!!in t . ."'"" on· •. ~o.tion of' l .: . symp oms and trentment fQ_ r ·disloO\,er J'lV/' fingers, and toes. Demonstro..to and hei.ve Cb·" "", - . disloca.t ions: • • • • ."'s pru.,c tice dressings for,- following ( a.) Lo•:rer ja17 ( ft (b) Should"r a. er b~ing reduced) {r!) Elborr (d) Hip ( P.) KneP. or kneeca.p - 4 - - 5 - �Lesson No. 5 Lesson No. 4 1. Roll call. 2. GivP. <'.omp lcte revinw of prP.vious lessons with spPcial i:>mphasis on shock, s.rtiffoial r espiration, control cf bleP.ding, and treattr.ent for 1;'our..ds. 3. Pas s 0ut bundage s and compresses, a~d if previous l0sson has not · t0"n complc;t ed; finish it. 4. l:iemonst rat0. and ·have .- clas·s ·p:ra:ctice •follor,ing dre ssings for fra c turs s: 1. Give revieu of previoUs lessons Tti th special emphasis on shock, artificial respiration, control of bleeding, treatment ror"" ,:rounds, dislocations, and fractUl'P.s. I ( 12) Rib ( 13) 0pinc ( 14) F<i lvis ( 15) Thigh ( 16) Kne cap (17) Leg (18) AnklP. ( 19) Foot or toes 0 5. Burns or sca 1rls 0 (a) Des crib e burns or s calds and treatment. (b) De s cribe burns of the P.yP. by nh P.mi cals. ( C) Demonstrate and havP. class practice for burns: follor:ing dressings (1) HPad (2) Fae"! ( :5 ) Ne'!k (4) Arm ( 5) l~orearrn ( 6) Hand (7) Body (8) Tl".iGh (9) Lo g ( 10) Foot 6. Roll call. Roll call. I I ~ I l 3o Pass out bandage s and compresses , anf if p~vious lesson has not be'3 n c ompleted, fi:p.ish it. 4. De scr ib e symptoms and treatITBnt of: (a ) Rupture (b) Poisons ( 1)· Corrosive poisons (2) Irritant . poisons (3 ) .Alcoholic poisoning or apoplexy ( c ) Fainting '· . ( d) sunstrok~ . (e) Heat exhaustion ( f) Frostbite or ·rreezing. ( g) Snake .: bite • .5 • . Transportation (a ·) Brie f talk .o4:,transpo·rtation.. . one, two, and three.•(b )° Demonstrate_ illld have class .practice • man carries , · '. (c(Describe types. of· stretchers ( 1 ) ArriJ..Y _i t ret che r (~) Navy ··stretcher ( 3 y '.Improvised strAtchers class practice making improvised (d) Demonstrate and h~ve stretchers stretcher drill ( 1) Fall in count off procure stretcher To pati~nt - • ft patient ~~ce stretcher under patient , ti"'nt on stretcher Louer pa ,, r, strAtcher ( 8) ,arry tret~her ovar obstacle , P) carry s ( 10) LOF1or stretcher ( 11) Load in ambulance ( 12) Unload stretcher ( 2) ( 3) (4) (5) ( 6) ( 7) - 7 - �f>. DividP. class into teams,; 7. Give t9ams problP-ms and train teams how to ,1ork prnblems and ,_. p2rf~rm t""a.m uork •. ,-_r • · I· 8;;_ -~u~;'f:Fci_~f_hg_·,-~.a-_·e_~~-t~r~~1:1 l',f ·c 1~-s~_. 1?Y Bure au of Mines instructor. ; . ' . j ·.' .• •. ~- •: : • -~ NOTE: :· , , . • f• , l ' l~ This outline is tc be followed by Bure au of Mines instructors and :k;e.y m,.:? n . in t;i;-ain,i ng :f-~rst-aid classes.. ThP. l<?ssons, a s outlfoea.; a:::- c~ly suggestions as to th~ scope of e a ch lesson and ar? basPd on 3 hours ~ctual workin~ time . Loc al c onditions as t0 l ength cf time of mee;tings may change the amount of the ccu:-sP. r:hi~h ca!!. br-> covere·d p0 r 19 sson. The c la ss may, there fore, be st;0ppf' d at any point in thP. l f:'s sons as long as thP. entire subjf'1ct matt 2r is covered dui-ing the course. The · _s e qu~nc 0 of th-?. outline as _,to subjects and mat erial must, hoTTever; be striC'.tly follor;cci. All subj ~c ts, dre ssings~c.·, • • must b0 ta.1-cen -up in th ,i order as giv"n in the out line , revier;s held as noted, and roll cull he ld at beginning and e nding of .~ ach meet ing. 0 ~ ,. ,. 1. I j I - 8 - � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/7ad05e539bc0c4ae21470c20e5e0bb3e.pdf dff3ec84d3a497b68837cf6c253f3128 PDF Text Text FALLS C'F ~0/)F ~t'D 1j() .\1 - in the - J. 1:1. Paul and E. '1'01.tlinson �■ Page 1nt r oductior: L T.'ining method as it effects r oof acti on ,rnd ro of fd ls No. 4 r.'lii1e, ¾ck Sp:dl1'.:; S Entry Stumps and ch a in pillars l'-b o 8 Hit!e, Rock Springs Entry stumps :rnd c!- a i n pill nrs l\10. 1 Relience Mine !foo 3 T!.ine, \'iinton C r.~i!1e, Superior 2 ."timberin£; pn;.ctice &s it af :ects sa f et y r;:o. 4 !:i n s, Rock Springs 1To1tries ?-o oms Pillars l'b . 2- ."!inc, ~ck S rin r.s fl:o o Entries Lo ng f a cesPill a !·s J lfir1e , ~e l i an c e - C 1 2 2 2 ~ 4 5 7 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 Ent r i es 12 Ro oms 12 12 Pil lRr s i"Jint o n :.:fr e tTo o 3 8 ritries L~ l'!S Fa ces and roo ms Sv.p e l."i or En~ r i e s and slopes ::to oms 3o?:o f te.:t ir:g a s it i ndicates m1sound or unsafe roof 4. Su!_erv.:.sic n P. s it affects efficiency ir1 operntion and safet y Tr. e 1::t -'.:itude of the \·:ork~~en trnd the bosseu· J oSp; fety org en iz atio!'l 6 0 Sv.p e z-visio 11, n s it relates to roof hazards 7. c nt"l u sic n s A~:rno•,:lcci;:; ieut s 13 13 13 1,i l -<14 , c:' -✓ 16 17 18 19 22 23 �FALLS OF Rn .,F AND COJJ., Gl~N5:'1ALLJW RF.PORT ON HIM3S OF Th"E UNION PACI FIC C0.41 CN\'P AHY -in t he- - Ry- This i s a co nf i ci en tiHl report o!'! t he mines in the P.ock Sprine;s a11d S 1perior d i stricts , ':Iyoming , operated by the Unior1 Pacific Ccal Gcir:p (>r. y a11d is the 1·esult. of a study med e durine; J 8nue i·J, 1930, in the unde rgr·ou: d ope1·et i ons relntirlf·; to roof hazards and roof support. The several rLinEs are discu s sed under the cA.ptions of, l. r,~ining i~ethoti a s it af fAc ts roof actio n a nd roof falls; 2. Ti□berine practice c s i t affects safE?ty; 3. Rc of testing as it indic &tes unu s uE' l or unsafe roof; 4 ·s::.fet}'i 0 SupErvisior. ~- s it affects efficiency in ope P.tio 1~ and 5. Srfet y o re;1m iz atio11; 6. Supervision v.s it r el etes to roof haze.rcls; a11d 7. "Jon cl usions ,rnd e.c1':no 1··l ed gmer.ts. The subsb::11ce of the several captions of this repo rt 1.":e1·E: discuss ed ,,it. r. r.~r. Eu~ene !.!cAulif fe , President, I'r. Geor[e B. Pry1 :: , 'lic e President General I5rurnge r, pnd r.~r. I. K. Bayless, 11.ss i st r·r.t. ne:nen,.l ?'rl!~~ e r; tii'!ci "'"' C.l a . .. ' .,.._ +i,, .., <; I,. \,, u.i • ...-.. conelusion o f the stud~', e. mer'.'oror.c:u1 ·1 -·i inr ~ svu ,:, • -1- ..... of �The rco m and pillar metho d of !!lining is employed, slopes advro1cing t o the dip, e ntri es 0 11 th e s trike, and rooms advancing on the face slips, v:h ic h run about 45 0 th e entry advances . o ff the strike, rooms being turned and advanced as Room pill ars nre r.'ithdrawn or robbed v:hen the roo:ns have adv anc ed t h e re ciuired d istP.nce. At times blocks of room pi l u·s 2re beinE: v!i thd r ai:r11 on th e same entry, 1,000 to 1,200 feet apm~t , This practice ,;rill tend tc tbrov.r ur-du pr essure o:'l -~e . P..dvan cing ro om haulage entry~ r,ro definfr.te pill::i_r li ,ee ~-.re mai i1tE:.L 1ec:i , and exc es siv ely v,ide areas are alvm.ys presento Entnr st u.t:1us 2nd ch:=tin 1iille.rs : ?fo reg ul ar 'ree : lin es a re established, the imr.-,ediate supervisor of t his r:ork being a ti1ub err.:2.n o!." shot-fir er under- th e direction of the mine fo 1·e:.:e.h, \-:b: d ir e cts the ope::-a.tio,1 cf '1. ithcl.ra1:i r1g the pill nrs to tl--e bGst o· his 1•bility e.s the ·situe.tion erise::;o :Vo p reconc e ived plAn, or method of attacl~, i s l a i d out by the Engineering Dep art r:2011 to Through lFtck of metr.od, i.ralue.bl e ~oal is lo st, and ex cessively \'iide eree.s a re p roduced, \'ihicr: nre i' 2vorable to nc ci6.ents from falls of roof r,r.c1 co r-,lo By adopting a ph in or mini11g _;ethod laid out by the engine ering staff s uited tc• t}.e prevailin;:; co nrit ion s , v £r0Atly increased recc)very c,f ccal \'iculd result. A flystematic r.'.1 .t hod of roof supnort mFly be Rdopte ci , and 'ha zerds th et rr:ay result fro rr: fa ll s · in meny c~_ses may be redu.ced. -2- �Noo 8 nneLRock Springs The lo ng face method of mining is employed. ~oms or g atev,ays 100 fe et apart are advanced up the pitch from the caving entry, of the strike entries, t o t he caving entry of the st1'ike, entry above, a distance of appro i me.tely 300 feet. A l ong f ac e is tr.en ma.de by takint e. seri es of slebs up e.nd ci o·~,!'l the pitch p11d ndvancing on the- strike to the next g a.t e, .~y or roo m, oft en l e a vi 1~G a s mall pillar varying from 6 to 30 feet befo:::-0 th e nex t g-o. tetwq is rea ch ecl . ad·,,an ces . Th ese long faceG nre advanced 2.s the entry It is ofte n the pra ct ic e to '\'.iork one long f ~ce i11bye ~!'l c2 t h e e.d j o i ni ng lor..r; fac e out by e . 'l'his practice cre!?_tes H sEJrious roof haze.rd , and is c on ducive t o so-ce l led ' 0 bumps 11 , and the falling of apparently sound ro of o While t his practic6 mr::y 2.ppe a r economical ., through elimine.ting th e nec ess ity of r.ioving a hoist or ot·her equipment, ~he money saved· from not h1:..vin13 to move tlie hois t may be paid out 10 times through the occurrenc e of Ct fc.tal ncc iclent . The r.ia j crity of th ese lo~g f~ces tire ,;orked .by scraper. Hov;ever, c ,1e place \"!a s observeci v:hich ,.'as bein~ i: 1 crked by e. Duck-Bill E:..nd Sh ak er Conveyor. \'lh il e e. Duck Bill e.lloi:1s closer re of support, this edvanta;:;e is c or::p l e::tely lo st due to the fact th at it t F.'. kes fror,1 2 to 3 days to cl enn vp e. f ~c e 0 The result is that th e bo.d roof co ndition ca.used by slo w cpere.tion is al:mys r.ioving up with the ,10rkir1g fe.ce, an d · creates -at times a v ery dfli1ferous co nd ition, clue to rnen v_rorkinf Ul'ld e r be.d roof, v;hich i s very diff icult to support. If Duck Bill E.l'lcl Shaker Conveyors ~re to be used in long f P..C t:.JS , th e lo n1:;; fac e s r. oulr.i be cut dos:t!'l in length, th at it may be clenned up i n one shift, an d a cor.tinuous movr:rNrnt r::e.de. -3- I t is believ E:d by tre �'l':riters that by follovring out this practice in cutting do vm the size of the face , that dan g erous roof conditions 1:JOuld be altogether elimin11tecl i n these faces , du.e to the fact th d closer 1·oof protection can be civen to -u ~e wen y:0:-k ing on the conveyors. A system£Jt ic advan ce plan, either i nbye or outbye, would to a lerge d egree pre,;ent sudd en outbursts of ro of th at r.1ay result in a fatality. It is not r eas ona ble to believ 0 thc>t it is sound practice to advance <. - c ce ir.b,e 70 or 30 feet fr om a g nt e~ay , t~e n to skip one gate~ay and sta1·t :i l onl,"; fA.ce , advanc i ng outbye , dep ending on the pillar in the cent e r to he l d th e ro of i nte.ct ,.,:ith the dn of post·ing . f'bout by mi n ing con it i or.s o %of mover.1ent brou~ht thi s 1-.ind not only has its affect on the i IG:~ ea i r t e v:orki :n~: f2.c e , but also l:o.s its effect on the entries above a.r.d 1:·elo'.'l throush the '!lrevrmti c..n cf c. co mplet P. ca.ve or settlement of the roof measu!"es by a small pi l l ar~ The life of the mine may be gree.tly endan- gered by practices of this kind . Ent rv stur11ps anc chairi pillars : No regular breal~ l i i1Bs ar e established ir1 this r.,ine., The uork is per-fer 1ed by n:en lo2.d il'1t i11tc '"'- northern conveyor, often tY:o machines r:or;cinr; IO or 15 feet epa1~, '.'Jhich crentes so much noise that it is practicBlly iI!ipossible to hear any warnitl[ of rouf movenent tl: a.t r::fy te civE.n c..ff. r!.er. loatiint: orrto these northern conveyors are in a number of ca.ses dependent 1.1pcn a t irn ben.1~J1 or a forems.n to test the roof l'!nd to place \':hr>t E;ver pos ts ..fty b e necesso.ry for their safety. Ee.c h unit shoul<1 be provided 1::ith tools ner:esa a.ry to plr,c r- u t l'I ion r:,,· pest \"?h er :::-e,.~uirec', -~J-i.i;;; ... l l o•.'. i ni_ these n:en to depend p,,. rtiru.ly on th err.selYes for -4- �their safety rather than 0 .,,_" a supervisor • or a timbermem, al 1 -'-h 1, e t·irne. The r oom and pillar panel method of minin g is here employed, panel s l opes be i ne; advan c ed dov:n t he dip, and rooms25 to 30 feet wide being ic.d :.11ced on the strike on 50 to 60 feet c_e nters. 1-'ihen the rooms have 'ee1-: a dvanc ed their rec;uired di st~n ce, the pillar is v.1ithdra.v111. I n mb . 2 Pane l off 8 !l:orth, true -oillar robbing is being exercised, at the c os t of rruc!-1 lo ss of co,:,l anc1. some track E.nd ties. rr~~i ~g ~ethods Kt t his panel should hRve ~roduced 501 more co a l, but the ro of haz a rd cre ated by the s ystem used makes the recovery of the r e1:1ai11it1E co al i mp ractic able. P't 001:1s i n some instances were found 40 tc 50 feet ,·;idf?., he ad co&l s it>nd inp; and ribs slabbed in spots. While there is no remedy for the present condition of this penel, the poor recoYery ii, it should !)1'0mpt future pen els to be develo p ed on e definite p l~ n t hat •::oul c1 0ssure grer.t''T recov0 1--y under se.fer roof conditic,y1s. Such P.. p l an , ·oul d involv e the driving on si:::;hts \';ith a pre-determined room end pill ~x ,i <l t h o.l'id systematic ~ernoval of tlrn pill<1rs ty the pocket c.nd atucp , or, as it i s often ca.lled, the pocket and curtain. Such a aethod ~ould s ~v ~ th e los s of co a l w~ich no~ t akes place on the low sid e of mr-~ny 1~oor-.s, i11 so rnP Cl'l ses 3 to 4 feet in thickness . i'Jhile the plan sug~·ested is in the interest of economy and extendinf t he life of · the ru ine, i·t ~ou 11 r A 1 so r-:.dd +o - 1·+.,, -- s"fety, as rel at ed to r o of lia.w rds. 0 • l l ,:.as !)ropos~.,d bvJ o"'e nss1· st~, n~ i orF-mer. t o The plan •1:,', J.C " o-r- +.'ne - re move th e se p illf,rs , o:;.; outlined in e pre vious re, ort ha s not been C8rr i ed a ut. 01 1 this n.i nf- , In f P.ct, it c..pp ee.1·s ttr-t no pl nn or s yster.1 -5- �has be en fol l o,1ed, ex cepting to s kip the p.illFL r, get \'1hr1.tever easy co a l may ue in re~ch, and ab e.ndon the pluc e. Removine; p illHrs this .'m.y has i nv lved the loss o f valuable co al and increas es the roof 1 hazards , so t hnt a mi ne r, no □ atter how c a reful or experienced he may b e , i s a llo~ed to run t he ris k of b e ing i n jured throug h such an un s ys t ematic an d an t i qua t ed me t ~od of mi ning. C'b s e r v ations made i n 10. ? panel , rise s i de , \".'ere similar to tr.ose i n _fo o ?. Pane l . n v i s i t i r>t t h e ,0:o rk in[ pl a ces in these secti on s, , ,e f ound th at mi n ers ,·: er e i n a numb er of inst e.r1ces under b ad to p , an d e.t ou r s ug;' estion , either to ok it dovm or pl acr, d timber under it. In such ca s e s, it ca !'.! only b e i n f e rred that the se miners do not often test their r oof or do not kno~ how to test the roof. In 5 J,forth, i-:-here 8 men v,ere engaged in •:,rithdrarling entry stu □ps l'lnd room panels , the r.ien we re found to use a v1ooden tamping b a r f or testing the ro of , wh i ch is 10 to 15 fe et high after the hes.cl coa l i s t a ken d 0~n . In 011 e i nsten ce the tar.iping br.r VJB_S found to be split et e a ch end, 0n d v· as us c,les s in testinr::: , since the vibretic~s tb1.t v;ere set up Y.'are a, .:1orbed in energizing the roes tha t ,:1ere split, and S!;!VP. out a bu zzine-: sound .. Skipping ~as the prec- tice in entry p ill ~r \'iorJ<- , Bnrl exc€sni rely ,,·ride 1: reas ,:;(-re tr e rsesult. -6- \ I �No o 3 Ui ~___J[into!2_ Th e raining met hod now er~pl oyed is the long fac e metho d . It v:as observed on t h e 5t } Sout h , v1he r e a lo ng scrapEJr f a cEJ had been finished, e.nd t he rocf hr::d c nv ed, th at t he caving of the roof had extended ove r the l i n e o f c rib s, an d th e caving entry was partially blocked by r oo f r.t 8t e rinl. 1 :Jh ile this cor. ditio11 may 1-rn ve little ef feet on ventil Pt i rsn , the wi dt h of th is cali'inE entry might have beel:'l dri'len narro vie r • -i t h advantage . The overridi ng of t hese cribs mHy m8.teriE,lly aff~ct the haule.ge en tr y in t he n ear fu:u r e, and be a cause oi c onste..nt expe nse f o r upkeep a nd a. constan t roof hazerd. It v1ill se ri ou sl y a f fec t t he r e co ve r y of the e nt ry c hRin pill ar, ~hich a ppears too n~ _row for fin a l r2c 0very . So~e exper i me nt~ arP tc in[ car r i ed on ~ith the roof Rction at this to ,e r:-i:e::c , \"hich se er:is/ ir,vo-.·ri1:,le to c ausin[, a s ericus ro of hazard fn t h e ·utu re li fe of the ~i ne . Often t no lo ng f r!Ces 11re \"iorked out, l eavin g e. pill n_x- 25 to 30 fe(:>t beti:1ee11 them, and b f fore A. e third f ace stm·ted :::-oo f b reed: is ma d e in the other t '<'10 f a ces , or before a n E:i.ttempt i s rn~d;; t o r,1qke a roof break i!1 the ot _h er h:o· pl aces , by rernovinf the yi ost s. It is t he (1p ini on of the Y!riters tha t v1hen E. long f Ace ha s be e n -:10rkeo, ou ...., , tt•_, n + +.}·_t. r -- - - po s ts shoulrl be i:r.1--i edi ,,tely remove d And a ro cf brea1, rn9.de before the ad}oining fnce hf.ls advanced mor e tl: t~t1 25 to 30 feet . After t he roof t rea ~ hes occurred, this would al lo w t he s me ll . th !"_+. is l e ft betv: een long f e ces to be so v:eeker1 ed that A g radual -~ ld take place, rather t han CArrying the sub sidence of ~he roo. wou p i 11 ar .i. he £:ci i oining v1orkint: f a ce. ri eis ht av e r to • " • • -7- �·:lhile t.rinton t;o o 3 f!ine r.1ay have exceptiomuly good roof condi_tions, the fn.c~ mus t not be lost sight of that it i s nee.r the outcrop and under comperntiv ely l i ght cover , and if the roof is not allo~ed to subside cornp l et cly or bret>.k d ovm, the m:iight \'J ill hF.ve a tendency to follo·!: do v:n the pitch , nd create r oof hr.zards ir1 future ,.-:ork thEi.t ,;-,1ill not onl~r he dp,ngero us but els o 9XDens iv e , a nd may have a serious bearing on ~lte future li fe of the min e. At the fH c e of 6th South, Duck Bill p l ece , the ro cf had ch ani:;ed to a ra.ther so n for support . co vl"r 2 c -;;3 U!lC0!1s olide.ted snn y sh ,'3 le v: hich reouired cross be.rs The entry ~es 16 f e et ~i dP , and ~hil e this con dit ion cey s ;·.;ci ll A. :rer-i only , it may be __: ener,,l. Presumably, eo the ~ine ,; t:-:.pe r, •.. •,ter \-;i ll t-(· in evid en ce , pr.d the rtiof may r& quire close ~ith this condition bein~ present, it is n ec e ssary end ooci pi ', r ticG to !:lake a s ei ·ies of clean breaks in the entr: r }) ill Ars , t hnt ri sr;ueeze L1c1 1 ri ot g o down the pitch a11d sericusly irr.p air the snf e t~r o f futu:r-e r_ro?kirigs. The dev el op: r. ent 0?1 the South side of this mine, employing scraper tc detorni::G H it is prr-i.ctic :9.blc to use nccr.aniccl lotidini~, end at the • ,.,_ roo f • sru!} •.: ~ir:1e ccintro 1 "Lr!G Tn'" - "' 1 Jo::::::i~1· - tilit,..r 1 of roof co~trol •;:ith sr:fet:,: e.[:;ainzt fp 11 s ha.s n u..... bee11 cc· iven f1tll trial, siric e the rs ha s be'3n nc i,ttempt to est F.blish a breakline, result in2· in the lo ss of pillers, e ~d i n th e CRse of the 4tt South it is i !'lp robF•ble the.-t tre entry c h~in pi·11- Rrac ~ill ever be recovered. -8- �The le avin£ of chain entry pill~_rs bet,1e en t wo v.'orl<ed out aret=ts brings nbout ro of action th ,,.+ adds to the hazarcl in roof falls, and - w necessitat.es ex trr=,. til!l_ber·1.· 11 '.'~- ond a 1 oss o r pi·1 l?r coal. u The plan inv olvin[ t}ie r emoval of the entr,·J c h.a1.n • p illars e.lone; v;ith a retreat system for tht: long fa c es Y,ould enable the creation of a break li11e th d 01 \.' Ould b'" ~n e.dvantz.ge i n co a l r e covery a nd economy irJ operEi.tion, 11d Gi v e prot ect i on ag einst bu mps \·:hich dis lodg e roof ma teriel i n •::ork i ng p l Gces . ~ this n i ne gets under h€avy cove r, the import an ce of fore c rs tini:: the developr.;ent ,:ark rJill becor.1e apperent 0 The ro on and p il lar me tho .~ of mit1i1:1 ~ i s being: employed. Two pa r llel rooms 2J to 2 2 feet Y: irl e F1 re driv en up the pitcr. about 6ID fe et ~part, the Duck Bill e.:n ei Shaker Conv eyo r be ing used in this work. '1110n they have nciv an c ed th e re0uired clista11ce of cibout JOO feet, tbe pill ~r is irn:1· ed iot el y \:·ithdnwm 0 !1 an an gl e of e bout 4-5° 't.'ith the directio n of the ro or,, , this r:i01'.dnr P fHce about 70 feet long . This ,•,ork i s coubl F. shifteci, end ;:;. comp l 8te cut is cle aned up each shift, \'J hich a ll o1::s ~, very . e.:Ji d re covery of the p illar. The r.10thod em- r. l oyed i n recov eri n: these p ill Prs i s , in th e opinfr !:1 of the i:,-riters, -· . the most practic ;:~l ond E- conor:;ic 1c l obs e rved in ai~ y of tr.e Union Pe.cific It ,.'iOulrl be wort h:t of triFJl t o e.tterr.pt to l"E'rr:ove t he e11try s t umps r:nd ch FJin !)illF.rs of th e 12t h_ 3out h by a llo·:iin r the entry stui1p and cha in pill-Pr to be recovE. r-,id b:,' extend - -9- �ing th e rooms through fro m the lJth South 1:'.nd thus taking the co a l do'\'m on th e.t entry , thereby elirnim1ting the necessity of &.llowing chain 1:>.ncl e n try ill nrs to l ag behind so me 300 to 700 feet. In the futu re d evelop~e nt of this mine , it iH flSBumed th Rt mech e.n ical lo~din 13 \, il l be t ~e pr a ctice, end since t h if: bed is under e. thick overb ur den , some co ns id e1· nti n sho ul d b e g iven to the plr..n of the development for roof control, end m xi mu~ extraction. To simplif :r the v1orldn~ of the mi11e, it '.'.'o uld seern th at tl1e p r es ent sys t em o_ r e trea ting ~o ul d off e r the b est solution, but in this s y stem fl r eGul:-,. r l y es t e blished break J.ir1e is of greo.t irnport once , a nd r o om €11 tr~r c e i n p ill rs shoul d not be permitted to rElrn Ril'l be- t~een t wo ~or ke d out a r eas . 2. - Tirri3E I'-jG PR...~G'fi CE AS IT AFFECTS SAFETY. I•!oo 4 T'i ne, 0 c0_ck Springs. It is !"arely c1.ec<:'Ssnr. to use tir:iber for entry support, except otere uillars have been removed as the entries advanced. Then "' r·vJ -:-, _ ort et irreg· ul nr interv 1:cls, it is o ft en nece~cr: ~ _ ) ,n l c, _, ce roof su1Jn brought a bout by ro oi,. n•ov err.,,~n-'-" due +~ o the r er:1ovnl of the .oillr,rs. . supp or t ,rh is 1• 8 a .,nlied \/h ere it is deemed 11ecess2.ry by t he sup e r. - vising 0fficia1 s, 1 ~ncJ n o d,a ncr:- e:-1·1.,us roof condi t i on s :Je1--e obser-ved, here on t he entr i ed . :1ooms : In r ooms u syste?Jatic rtethod of postir.g is l-;,~ fo :;: enforced by -1 0- - �t~e safety boss, who realizes the irnporta.YJce of some standard pract ic e , This m€t hcd is v1ell suited to the mining conditions and is c i vi nr result s. nood sized c a p pi e ces a re placed in a ma jority of c a s es at rir-ht qn ~_, l c s t o the s li p pl rrnes . • Pi llars : Eo rei:;u.l ~ 1· me th od of ,o sti nr is emplc-yed. The miner places t h e p osts ,, here he or t he supervis or t h inks they will g ive the best T'n i s bei11g the c nse , 1::id e 21.reas a re found Yiithout exiy sup- 3'8 .c,UltA . port , 2.nd constRnt hazm·ds fro c f all s nre present 0 Timber for r o of support on entrie s is placed ,•:here a dangerous con,;i ti on i s ob.se rv Ed by the supervisi11g officials. Cases ,-;ere o bse rved r,he :·e tcp coal had s pr un 6 from the roof, and the imn1ediate roof 0.l~ove the t op co ai \, a s l oose a.nrl viithout support. in spe ction should be 011 □Ede pt A careful reg uler intervels for dangerous roof all 8r trie s, or e l l ex c a vaticns , . as rec:uired by the state ?:3.ning L~bg Faces: l.YJ J ong f ec e s a systematic method of postinz; is enployed, but due to roof movement broug ht a bout by unsoun d P-1frin g p r a c t ice, this !'.'osti:ng met h od oft e n 'o es not g ive the rE c; uired prot ecti n. case:s it \·,:-s In 1 c.1:J obser ed th nt one or more posts Yiere placed under a r ailro ad tie us ed 1 ?. S a c o.p piece, v:hich g ives r ood but not sufficient protecti on i n ~l l c a ses. -11- �r I n order to Bive protecti'on to • the v:or':13er, in nll long fe.ces, 28 nd p ou r, ils or 3 inc:1 H her:m u uy b e us ed for the protection c.,f t~ e i~ned i a t e f Rce , pl a c ed oM. e, ~ f " or J cot centers in th e form of a C ~ \·1.1. i· l c 1r " r , •• l , • " I an a' i.1S8(l e.s ter.1p. or a,rvJ set"'. TI1ese stee 1 mem b ers mRy b e • g :··;c v ed f or-vmi-d ee ch cut ,·,• hen · h ' 't ,e perr~~-nent r;os ts are placed in position, t h us nvo i dinc: th e necessit y of J.ee.vit1fr t hem bD.ck i n the gob v1here the coal ha s b een r.1 i11ed out. In a r eas ~! ~ re t he cha in pillars have been re moved, no definite . . osti nr method i2 enp lo yed . Po sts a re placed v1here c, t imberrr.e.n or e supervi so r believes tl ey y;ill be of most value. I t is re li zed by t he ~ri ters th pt it is very difficult to outline ~ syster:u:- -;;i~ r:1 ·-thocl of p osti ng or roo f suppoY-t in e.ny pill!"r- inF: ,:,o r1'. wh er""d I o d 0.fiti i te rnethoci of rtlning is e mp loyed. f.To " ] , 'i· e, Ke li 2n c e Entries : It i s r are l)' ne c ess ary to use timber for roof support in entries, due to the feet th at tu p coal i s left in all edvnnced p lace~. In rooms a more or l ess uniform me thod of po~ti n~:; i s enployed, ' room accorclin ~ to his i l'lclivi(1ual tas te, subject t!1e n iner- t:1.1,1bE r :i.r,g h :is tc the :ipp ro vo 1 O •f -:<.he sur, ~rvisinf officials. • Pill &rs: • L: p i'11~"' r S;', (J !•[ J. rJi' S )10 c.., . .. i~c es T!-;e miner~~ t }ie sy"'.1.e,n i:i ... ic _, u • C.u methoi:l of •oosti~ p;~ i s f'P:_o l oyed. u ost where he or the supervisin1: c-fficia l thin1rs - -1 2- ' \ �thev a r e necessa r v . J J De t • f t · · u o in re~uen visits of the superv1s1ng o f fici e l s , 'l'.'Oi'k r.i en 1:; ere fn,quently obs Eirved working under da11ge rous roof . I n s u ch cus es it can only be inf er red th at these miners do no t oft en test or knov; hov; to t e st the roof. Here is a need for a CrHnp a i g 1 of ii1 truction in roof !lrote cti on meth ods.. Some of the men i. these sec t i ons st at ed th '!t t hey ha d not been visited tbd day by rni ue boss or inspector , th ourh i t was 10:30 in one C8Se ~nd 11:00 o ' clock i n e.not .e !'. Th erP. is n o def i nite plan for pillRr recovery end .:;here i s no def in it e system of pl a cing ti mber. The miners £ire f r ee l ~~n c es un-"i l th e boss ~P. ears enc g ivt:'_s instructions to pl0ce a p r oµ here ~nti a proo th er e , move the tr e ct, or t eke a sl ab along he ~e . ~he r e s uch p ~a c ~ic Es a re fo llo ~ ea there is no system and without s ys t er:i r oo f hn :! a rts are cnwme ntecl . ··:j aj:_c 1: ,~in e l'fo • 3 Entries : Due t u 2_ s _ l eud id roof' conrlitior:1 at this mine, timber for roof suppo rt is r a rel)' ne c es s ry in f;ntrie s. Long fac~ s ~nd room~: A faii"ly uniforr:J rn etr. od of posting is euplcyed in a ll long faces • h seems t o be c1·vi·nn_· and rea r.is ' ,.-;hie. '--' the desired results. -13- \ �. a r•,J.ne Sµpe ri_~ ~ prc~e cted on entri es and slopes by the 3 Danfe rous roof is stick r!:ethoc of tirnberinE; , and l agging v:here required. In some p lFtc e~ nlong th e ent ri_ s , top c 0 ,-,, 2·s 1 r~ · ~ • ,!..I. P, ., ror roo, support, 0 de.n~erous roo f \'i2S observed in M1 y of the entries of this rni ne. A goo<1 ne tr-cd of roo u t i rrbe ring \.a s obse!"ved at this mine. The Sh • e r Conveyo r N:i S pillar. roo□ ad venc e d h :e nty foot lengths of _cro s s bar \':ere As the pl a. ced Pbout employed i n the r emov al of e. long face on the roo;:1 5 to 6 feet c:part , supp orted by 5 to 6 p rops, e nd e.bove th e cr oss b1:1rs l :i:e; i 112s ·:·e c~e 1 lncE:cl 3 to 4 fe et apart . It v:as notic 5c: th i--;t th e 12.e;; int r.e. s suppo rt il'lg roof materiPl v1hi ch had beco me c:et ached frcL-: th e i r:trnecliate !"cof ? nd thus -h ad prevented the material from .,.e.ll i n~: end .3.clt: i!'l2: "o the roof haz a rd. !.. s ii1e u1Fi.r f'eetu!"e of r 00 _ i s t.~e t '.'. her, the roo::1s have been driven the re r:uited dist,mce the roo m p illµr i ~ be i n; recovered, it ia only ne cessary to pl &ce stra i ght po s ts. '.'."t1is condit ion exis ts, 2ccordin~ to the supervis ing of::ichils, unt i·1 th~'"' pi"_llp~ is entirely re ~oved. -ll:-- �3o - ROOF '.f~STI NG AS IT • INDICATES UMS0 UED 01 m'.SAFE ::tOOF. "\o of testing as employed at these mines i· s superficial. sound me t hod only is it ed a re from t h 'l'he e enerally used, then often covering only a lim- face. Supervisinr; offici13Js in many instances c~rry a cane f or t esting roof nnd oft en do test for their own setisf o cti on , but they ~ire onl~.' in the \! or kirig fr.ce for a. fe\'t minutes, ~hil e t he miner i s the re 8 hours . It sh ould b e t he dut y o f e ach superv i s ing official to orcler t ~e r:1i ner to t est t he r"'of • • n{ th e erea ~hich he is exposed to, ~ coveri ~1d t h en t e supF: r ising off ic icl sho ul d test for his o,;-m satisfr c tfol" o 'The v l bx-e. ti c r1 ruethod , r/h i ch in v ol v es pl a cing the bnre hand on th e roof , \·1hil e t es tin; \l ith o. tool in the othe r, shoulci be er. pl oyed et all t imes by ~i ners ~nd superv i sors. :\t :'.o .. 4 !'i ne , '.'toc k S!}'r i n[ , ne n \':ere observed ,1orkir1g u11der rh~~ erou3 1 ose top co o.l l .:;:,s tJ-.an 10 minut f.S a fter a supervising 6 _'\t ?!o . 8 !'i l'le , ilock 3princ s, men 1:.•e re observed testing roof by the s ot;n d r.i ethocl only \'Jr. ile the sh a ker conveyor •:.as in operEJ.tion. The noise is so -r eat \'Jhen the shaker conveyor is i r. operetion th et , ; !' ., ten dinr; to sho1:1 that roof te s th-1[ is superficial. it is difficult t o 11 -- 1 "_ I; - e th e roof is often 10 to 15 fe e t e.h ove th e 1 At l=:el::.a nce '. 0 ° ) ~ 11 i s p erformed by prod din[ the roof i::it.h a 1;1ooden floor; roof t e stint is often s plit, anrl the result s of th e t e st appeo r tcrnpir:g stic .. ,;:J-; ich i3y usin r: the method e s er.1ployed at Reliance at the best to be a [ ue s s . . . ,., fe r the v:i•iters to make, what \"'ould be con s id e red b, the m it is J.Ti.!!) 05 S J.11 1 ~ · t· of the roof. f t l1P. c ondi ion ;;;_ f a ir t e : =; t o • 0 -15- �■ ' . Tu,o p ieces of pipe or steel brir should be i n e Dch v:orking place, th 11t m~y b e usec. ·t o test the conditicn of the roof employing the vibratio n me t hod of ro of t esting . Th e re i s 2-:1 E'll'l Hb undi:u1c e of s upe rvision pertaining to production, no O!"C:1c.P.iZElti cn or division of territory v,ithin the supervisory fo r c e for saf ety of aper .tion or the prevention of accidents. Tr:e sup0 r viso rs e.ppear to be capa ble E.nd industrious, tr ying to co v e r t erritories ent i re l : too l arge to s upervise, the result appee.rinf t p be t h at one su pe?"v .i.sory is r a cinr; the other e. round the ,·:orkfog 8. Ces . ~s.ta furn i shed oy t he President of the company show that in the ac tivit i es or the se mines there is an unusual number of super,: is ors; as "' 3., il " us+.~·,,tion et qock Sprin gs there is one supervisor - J_ c.. , v • f or· E8.Ch 1 4 ., .d \'Jo rkers; 1:1.t ?leli ::U'l ce one f or eac h 13 • 9·' at \"i'i nton on§ for er.ch 12.1; .Jt f,J'l(J & Sup- er.;-- or ' one for ea ch 15.2. t be d ii-ect ed to \·:ard Th is ii:1ter.sive ~u_n - , er vision' ho \·:ever, Appears o . ~ en·cs i:;nd little rle - ,,, Oteci to execution of mi nir,g pl ans, ton.1ag e requ:u e m - " • roof co ntro l e.nd roof haz11rcls. -4.!\; " ve..rious r~ines • f o re mA n F~ a~s ist ent mine-foremen, there ere a mineu~ ' • - a s 11fety boss' f ormin~ th e supE>rv i sin p; force. These • , cl..,,, \'Ih ich I,:. . pl .,,h ce i n th e mine t:a cn <-J , ·•1·s1·t each wor,~ng • -or-4men e ll a t 1;ei .J" t o " �t l. ey oft en do, •ti \'Jl . . ... v1. s i ., s duri ng th e l t he result th at c:, J,, • "' ·• 1 ft th e \'ior)d ng- places have had 4 but in the 4 vi s its th e re \'ia s no time to p r op erly s upervi se or . t i ns r uct t he mi ner in t he proper methods to e f :ic ientl y ca r ry 011 h . •i s ,·:ork s a fely• , Each mine s houl d be d ivi ded i nt o clistr.;ctc: ,.,,i·th ... ~ a n a ssis t a nt ,·,ho ,. 1 O, b ' .. ou e res pons ible for a ll op er atic ns and t he safetvJ 0 •r e □p 1 c yes . 'rh d . t • - e 1s r1 cts should be so ~rrang ed tJ, ~t it \'ioul d be ., p ossiol e fov- the • t .. • ;iss is anc for eme.11 t o vi s it ea ch forer, an pl a c ed i· i1 h c ,a r ge t leost eVe!'y t ,:w ho urs duri ng th e shift, and be Pbl e t o innt r uct the no rkrnen i n the p r ope r met hoc'.· s of perfo r mii'lg tl; ei r cl ut i es safeJ.: . The at tit ude of the :orkrnen and t he bos s es: So r.1Uc h t i me and money have be en s p ent i n the a dv oca cy of safety, th e ado pt i on of s'tb.ndards rel atin6 to ma ch i ne ry and electrical appara t us , t r c: c lea r Rnc e , ro ck dust i ng , ventil ation and the est ablishing of g o od horr.e s ~nd n,omoti ng ci vic pride, th at in practically all cases ques ti oned the ,·:orkme n and bos ses alike rea.lly believe that everything po s sible i s be ine don e for th e ir safety, and in a fe w cases ernployes are of t l::. e opi n i on t hat so ma ny P..ccid ents must happ en irrespective of \,hat prec a utio ns or measures a re t ake n to prevent t hem. To the man em- • • ·+ • are confined to a s mell a rea, this is a natural ployed \, hose a ctJ.Vl.uJ.es 1 re a soning- e.ml c 3 11 r eadily be understoodo -17- �5 •- SAFE'fY Oi:tG .~IZATION rlithin the lnion Pacifi~ C 1 C ~ oa ompany•s organization there is no s . f et y organization devoting i+s _ v time or efforts to prevent acci- dents from falls of roof e.nd coal. t b ch time is a~ent ffia kin 0~ 1·1,qu1·r1·es ~n d 1nves • t·1g a t·ions when an r accident occur s, but on r en,ct i· ns over the tr13.nscripts of the inquiries 0 -at al a cci d ents occu!'ri ne; d urin~ the year 1929, very fe,:: real points 2-.re br ouGh t out which ,_,oul d prev ent a. recurrence of 1:u1 accident under s imi l ar pr ov ~i li ng conditicns. This leads t o one of t ·;o conclusions: (a) That the ir.quiry is cond ucted t o J us tify the accident, , uthout any attempt being made to ad opt rules or pn'!.ct ices to prevent a recurrence, or (b) The men ,:ho co n duct th e i n ~ui r y a r e l a cking either in ability, or integrity to co~ duct an in quiry. It is difficult to realize that a group of competent mining ~en ,:oul d hear evidence on ho t,· l?. fatal accidents occurred, v,ithout e; oing on record with n op inion i n v1riting on what the.y believe may be done • or • conditions. to prevet;u.,_ a recurrence under sirril -18- �6 . - SUPERVISIO N AS, r ,r REL ATE" -· ""::> I n any scheme of supe rv1s1.on . . f roo f there a r e i nvolved 0 th er~ TO ROOF HAZA~DS. or mine safety as it relates to the . e□s it ~h ich must fit into ~h . ~ e organizetion, since the safe t y o rge.ni z at.ion mus t have ' a head Or d irector • 1.'Jho has to do viit h all mfl. tt ers i nvo l vi ng_ s a f et y . In the f irs • t p1 ace , a li st of he~ d . -~ar s must be set out c.".nd upon ~~ich the s afe t y direc+w or mus . t ~ive • his c.oncen t rated attention through a system of insp e ction , pers ona1 ob servc1.t1on • f ors t r1ct • compli ence, n~d t o suggest changes i n a system or practice which ~ill increase sLf ety . A safety org a ni zat ion must aclopt a system or a scheme ,:.rhich VIill ah'.·Hys s how \·;he r e t h ere has been any laxity in carrying out a safety pi·o1"5rom th?.t has been adop ted, and this can be made of va.lue only in so far as it i s made 2. mnt t er of record. 1'he mere employment of a. s a fety eng ineer o f t en results in the shifting of the responsibilities of other offi c i ds onto the s a fety engineer es though they -.,ere not a lint in the ch a i n for prowoting safety. Safety engineers who permit such a ct ion a !,cl ·::h o fun ction only in concluctinE; post mortel!!S will never render- ef ficie!'lt service in the matter of promoting safety. In the !'!lP..tter of s af eF; unrdinf the mine roof: d retreat y,ork should be The plans for develop men t cm • and this involves the given the a?prov al 'of the safety eilgineer, . 1 , method of roof support in dete: -• \·;ho believe in s~r:3t er1etic roof ~he under~round officials 'ni rrr conference in ou tl 1 support shou ld be called into -19- - ' .:. t he systeM of timbering •• , • �. . . .. b es t adap table to th • . eir mine under l·t S V • arious roof concti· ~3 A "ions. • • systemat ic method of roof t e ~. 5 sing should be taught ell un d eq,; round f oremen v.ihu in turn should teach a 11 other under£r ound 4. Testi ng r oof sh ould be m d . . a e a part of the miner's duty and he sh. ou l c' b e re quired al ways to test his . roof un. on havi,,,.,"_g,. a visitor, such as Ol"'f " • l, d riv er, or other person • h" l.cia • . '. in is Tiorking pl ace . "l:i L. T'ne officif.tl upo!l vi s l.·t.i ng a v.rorking place should! note if th . mi ne r corcplies ·;it h tr.e ro of tecting _re quireme nt ~nd.should then p roce eo· a l so to • t est theroof . or . a. I n so me mines it is the practice to place a board, s us pe~ded fr om a prup , on , hich ea ch vis1·t1·""u " ~ ofr 1·~,.; 1·e.l pl a ces his iniu t i els and ti me of a·r-y o is Th ' 1s • o f va1 ue only in checking up on these offici nl s by t~e fo r emen or saf ety insp ector and i~ case of an accident to· lea rn the i nterv al of time el ap sing betvl6en the tit~e of the visit and the occurrence oi' the accident. In other mines it is the pra ctice to suspend near bo t1~e u o rldnr; fo ce A. heavy c a rd-bo a rd ,1ith sufficient bl?-nks for 7 days and e e. ch tir!le a_n off ici al visits the pl a ce he dates, i nitials, states tirr.e -and i nd ic a tes anythin5 found i mp roper, such as le.ck of til"!lbering, failu~e to test roof, loose or bed roof, an d, at the end of the week, th·e se c ~i·ds a re collected and sent to the se.fety engineer, v1ho t abuli:tes ◄ the dat a m: d iri thi;. T!li:m ner his records ,_._,ill sho,·: the n ur.1ber of visits 1 ~nd the marmer in ,,1h ich the miner is complyinf' '?7ith safety reg ulations. -20- �c. In a group of mi n es in the east which has a good r ec ord i n a ccident p e t· r ven ion, a pla.n is adopted of using a blue card and as an of fici a l visit s a workinq place ~~a f1."nds c . -~• violations -of timber r e g ul Rti ons or other s a fety ~easures, he gives . tha miner a part of the c ard, fu ·nishes the supe rintenden t wit h a.· part of the card, and deposits th e third p iec e on the miner 0 s chec k ].)o a rd at the lamp house, Before the mi ne r is :>.g i n g i ven a le.mp h e must see the superintendent and accoun -r; for the viol e.. tion repo rt ed e.nd c11 n only be g iven a la.l!lp upon a reli e f not ice from the super i ntendent. 1"/here a safety engineer is err.ployed, it \·:ould b e fln ndve.ntec;e fo r the superintendent to pass his p p_rt of the c vr d to the safety e ng ineer for record. In this me.nne r the ca r ele ss imd i ndif i E' rent rr.en c oul d be determined and a course of :is ci li l1e deter:uir..ed . -~ t i rne st u d y Should be m"".de to determine how irnd in v1hat rienner the underg round of fici al s occupy th eir • time in making a round 1 of the ir se cti mi, m cl i i, this manner the extent of his district should be d e t ermi ne d So a ,,"'· t oe~_ ~ ,·vs hi m opportunity to visit such working place three or four times per shift' and have a.mpJ.e t·ime to ex?.rnine the roof, t i mbe r:i. n t:; a n n• 1.·ns truct the ~en, v here necessary. 8. ! L s a fety inspector should be err~n 1oye d to check the \'fork • r·e1Jort should be !.'lade to of the foreman tt nd his associ e.t es e11d h is the snfety engineer, daily. -~ll be to see if ull safety His duty w.,_ • d out on the part Of the underground officials reg ul ntions are being cerrie • eer sr.ould be entered • The re 1)orts nl. ...mde to the s a fety eng in cl erk shn.u.l d be RSSif· ned i ri a perm ?.ne nt record anri fo~ this purpo s e~ 9. -21- �the safety en g i ne er- so th to t e latt e r may h~ve time to make regulr,_r visits e mi ne ns a check on th. e inspectors. 10. ~here saf8ty measures recommended by the safety engineer e.re questioned by the 'op e r 0t1·ng, o ff"1c1a • 1 s as involvi·r.~ •0 unnecessary expen se , . council o f of ficials 11d the h" µ c 1ef engineer should be called 0 0 to pass upo n the mP..tter and ,-:herein t he r11sul t of the conference is oppo sed t o the reco mmendations, the safety engineer should not be held responsible i n t he event of an accident. 11. .AJ.te r Rti on in any plan for mining should be made a matter o f re co rd and where dirty coal is encountered, t he question of its mining s oul d be determi ned by the chief eng ineer and the general superintendent, or offif!ii>l in ch a r g e of the mine development. ~ay be much co2-.l Sc ved In this manner, there that under p~tst practice has been lost, vlith a tt endr.nt roof hazard s brought about by leavir.g pilbrs that interfere \';ith r o of subs i rlenc e , 12 The s~_fety engineer should m13ke a monthly written r6port 0 to the Vice Pres ident o!' other official to YJhom the assistant geners.l a_nrl a con_. y of this report should go to the President. manager also reports, " 130 • ;,oul c' not be under the dominance The safety engineer 5 " of the of fi ci nl in charge of operations. CCNCLUSIOXS • · defir:ite plans in mining Through the absence of forecastir1g, or ,...; ., ~- due to hc.ph azerd practices r •~•~ .dents are frequently occu method, acci to the lack of enrr, ir.eering and planning. er.1ployed, \'lhich Ghould be chr..rged Io -22- �Plans for development and retreat work at each mine should be made and approved by the operat1· ng and safety departments. II . Sys tema tic methods of roof support should be adopted for each mine or section of a IJU.ne, • • • • re qu1r1ng a minimur.i distance . bet,7een posts. TernporarJ st eel roof support in . form of a. cantilever should b e used in a ll long faces . III. A systematic method of roof testing should be adopted and fre quently emplcyed by all ernpl oyes. IV. The underground supervisory forces should be reorganized \'dth assi s t a nt forenan in ch a r ~e and responsible for all operations in a district wh ich y;ill al lo n each working place to be visited at intervals not g re a ter than t \'! O hours. V. The sr..fety or .;anization should be reorganized v,ith the object i n v i e,:, of preventin:; ac cidents rather than . investigating thel!l after 'l'he safety boss in each n~ine o.r group of mines they have occurred. should be di rectly resp onsible and report to the s~fety engineer and be independent of the opera ting force. ACKH0 1.'iLEDGUEM'l'S. . _ , ~ to ress their apprecietion of the courtesies The viriter"' J! .i.sh exp , ~ HcAuliffe Pr. George B. Pryde, . -, 1 and coopera. t ion eJ,•tended by I•r •~· "'ugene +.,, ·ent <1nd mine foremen of the severa r-~r. I. }! BayJ.es s ar.d t.he s~pefr~::n:er a;;d ,a.fety Engineer of the company 61 r.iines visited and to th e Chie n :1 mines. ~:1hile conductins the study in these severc1. 0 Respectfully submitted. J • i'; . ? A.ULr~ Senior t~i nini Eng ineer. .,. s 'C 0 8 0 Bureau o f ••ine ' Pittsbur~h , ~a., !-:arch _ _ _ _, l93 0 • - H • TC i.1'I:•r5(H!, !Is soc ia. te t'ii:li!'lg :-'.:1Gin eer. -23- �Sl:.F:il!TY EXJ\l:iI Ni,TION OF HINES BY A. C. WAT'l'S 1',UN ING ErmINEER SALT L;J<E CITY, UTAH V. O. ?.,L"RRAY �- • . 1'.. o C o J. l.u~·:3 u:m:n:i.; -~;:..:-:rt~:,;_,:- �Gu OE'!'!.01'., n , l1t r;.5. rJO : t ~! II :\,·~ ll l.c=,fl 000•••0<0000000000 ;;-.ti. aooooooooo••OO ll " o to a•oool\DOOOOODD 0 0 3... _~ 1 !.:.:lr:o 17 ··•t;co 1-c \l ·• ■ • e • V 0 • 0 • a 0 O O O 0 OOA.0••······•4000 . ;_-J~~- ---'" !: ~-- .:- :.~:(i 1. ... :.. !1YJ:J !•·.o:·~-' O'., i:.,_S.~ '! :1 ; .U, F'-t}: .5 r ul:1n.:, · - :1. □boll' D ··········•000000 ate ........... . .... . fi'..:ndli .5 ':i.' iririo on ~ud'::. co • •••• • •••• ....n~p l~ouooo •. a • • • • • 9., . . . . . . . Jc...,e o l L :...·-.. o l d l It 2 o a o •• o a a. f ":J l1 ·; 'i "JGo o (.- o o • • • • .,_ o u o o u .a o ~ 11 o o o o o • • o • ...>:.o .\ (;c ~ :;·.:::Cl,. I! ~Ll.,___ •lll t~ ,OC;Oa ~ o. jl 5 ~~:••••••••••••w••••••••••••• !.p )t.::Joa~ f~ ~;!: : o'6i . : ; o • :_oc...:. !.l"l ot i O O O O O O • O • O t'} ..... o O • O rl •J o 0 1J oo,>OOOOOOOID00.0CIOGOO•O~ :.\ ·.. - i-iC~Ci CL· IJ 0 • ·uio_ . L_ D ~ VLtlO• 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .-, G O • 0 • O O O O O O O O O O 4 0 ·to lee ............••• • •• • • t1~~0•········•• 0 ••········· ~ 10 1 ,, - c, l" 1- to 14 �1-A Aug. 26th to Sept. 6th, 1930 All conditiono good ~~cept cs noted under suggestions, ~1rn in g0r~ol·~.1 1~or..c rirn. 11 ~H :.~ZLL 1~1Jr nv:~.:~:r u:.: . • :.sco_,tinu. , u~lin_:; ·i;ir.;~e:;; fa.-ucks cixeu in ttir.,z. !b11c c t::.'i:.iTJc Cd' □ top end crrltch or:. CliT,'>t y· tri11 v tzv.c!;: ou t side i3 1:..:.1.0 0 Vorrt..ila .. ox·-.:; ovc_ chcz-c.i,1i ,·::i.ci;s in ltmp houso. -□provo cond:i. t i o. s ... ·;_; poi:'t,:.1 of E m,m1~y t . nd screen l1(H'tt' l 0 ':'i:L:c nut ~11 tumo a ooon:, i,l 1:lincs • .Plt ! JT,,mr,-r 'Jo so ( s °t() r.vvirl Crossin~ h='nl~ce ~~o· cl o ( , ,,f' pn."t:i.11 £:D • !:ip· ii'lE a•;;.i.t cl! «t t:,· iTioi de 'iE15.n pr: rtin5 shoultl bo l or:ei. ed . Sl e1to~ holes al l c-.1.:. tch sternlc on m0chcm.ct 1 lmul uo _o:..clc ~1,: i ·, Glo pc o· n!dnr:; oper..:tiono. f,11 I:linco. :;t:i tc 1 ~r··~· nuo -:~o co oD :mtside of c111•11,~s . A'.!-1 r.lincs. t":t:.:.:1,-tl r· :Lo • 2 on:,; ciuc of dru'"' or r-cln hois·t. :Eave bo2. 1td t?_olley [£Ut:lrds. f.11 mineDo Builil tap c E· • of ol cl ; hoistin~ ohnf.t c.md ti;!.oo r.n.·o·;:;cct port, l o:.., ol d c~cape~-my iror;1 .flooda. Deto1. up::,>or coz,ncx-0 of so tos on no71 ~eel cars. ':i.' ?y t-:, :-.r-r <~ ~~--u1 - r:;e operations so as to cvoid 11 p:,;~ ::;d t±"tpc. t , F'ix-0 pro::>f odve ?ocm oi D fen. ·:;ork i:::i L roo-ossin3 in clec.ilil'lG up ozm or tt:o part o of E li' •·tu 'i:l cir course. Thero is c. rathc1· toz·tuous ~ud res-~z-ic t ccJ r;:osq ;o for r,i:r at th~ app..·o:lch to (;th North ,mt=r• ootto~-- of o.i :c cotn~sc iu % h prinol neode; o. little cl er:.m.tl';o r.ct ir..·ter ,,:.~·t of l o,,eX' rn~d iJ;'r;b P..:nol [il opo . �l?ov ex- tl:tet;rl':i.buth'lG :,rt eti oa near i uside st abl e could bo i n vr.oved by lmilding !'Oat1s i m.1'iitwcl of usi ug bo.iteo. ~. .!.l~- \:01:-lrn ;in & . cu:rcft ·l eu-;,,•y vC!'"J l'D6[:;ed r 11d require$ ot-~Oflti~l1 o GH?e r;yo'Lcr:.'l ~i~ ~;i1:1t e:d.n . :rcql.,ired .in 8t 'h C. 9th s ::r nth, • uccom:t or i)Ot h0,~d[j ,•n :coo:? . ;~ncoux-n~c t:io0 of Loo·~c, .! ai:· Loe'. dd1:e men. :.L t ui:.:ios. In h!J.u•· C-ll' ca~ .. tr·a.1..:t lc~1\di=1:;-- ~~.d.nc A.. S Ot18 'ci be ~ -tchGd 011 t ~ E(H~ ·th .1t t i! ,; v •..-...• rJC~~ cnz,s propOl."lY C -~ f ::.ces . �Hon::; tho 1Otl1 So1.:ri:.l {..,{1 int;::i!;e , t he :;;~nls of 6th C. 7-Gh pm· el o t,o the X'iso h[,d been bz.-ob:m iu an ef f'or·i; to bleed '·he ..:; ox-kix'lf::S ob ov0 so tha t s en.;.~ pillai~s could be ~ulled . - "!' • , '1 ;:,. : dS,w!,) ... . . .w ,, , , a;.i. .:. \...!.'I, l;,0~110 \7.:lC 0SC<l!i1illi t~lld CO?l'C[:F.w .l1a~ t i ;1g 'i:,he i n:'c ' t;,o i:r. 'i'tc qucr:.tHy \;'!.lo su.::l l but it iu !'lot .:;ooc ir.,:ctic.o o 0 t.:;:. ·Gt ·,, i,;:t; cl .st. :i, -~~ o.r~ of oltl Y,;:)J'kil'lf; S 'be: c:c c o;:. i 1$l e cqro ,·,'5.tl c.1;:l:; .;oz·Uf:~cd r:i(;?l i 'il the ,,iim , '• ..... ~- , "" • "l, ~oi: s i~t; o .1:hc )ill::..r ~-~ l;:lt:.13s in 0 ih prnel off r.lf,ii1 c.?Jci hi 11th l.. 12-uh f; ouih 1.:;·;F.' · C:i"1 a ;:: i cc:::.1 Eho-t i'roc i:;olicl . 'Ihc pillcx1: .... H·iz, G of . ,.J So'i.rGh \I8l f.: l !. on if'Cim'n i x- ;rom lo...-::c.r i;: ·t··t o" tlneo i..11 O'G.'.lGT Ol:,cii·~i onLJ t,ocd r:ith no ev:i.cicncc 0 w cf U(jUC:.CZ :.fl u Llectr-.:c tout.cs· 5- ~1 cirio r-:n·o1z.u1:1° s cabii'1 should l 0 i"z-o~ t ct·cl . v. cilllco "1'. 1L1 o Gnp :::.c 1 •:·i-iieh cz-c lo?.ir; c~.ps t.:.:'.; h c,n,,i 1£vcr· er:' ..., stculd bo 'izcour-u.Gotl. l o:10J· f c..r: f o.1t1 . r !i~c.iB[; bfic';lyr, clco rr1 Ei c!~k1off tH·: lh"ivi., o :i: S ·-b ~-S tG 'Gb. ·:1 . .12 _villt·.~' fl ':i-:.J'0 .bel~G pul l - Li ... 1011:r~ ul~oao .Si;3c;c r:·;,;. ci OL,~ le Oi,; bi;'cc:.kinr, l,)ll 'O~)S ~bo:; t 10 ·1; o 15 f ·t . fr om ,. !:'.:l{:!(. o '.i.'roL f c;1:.:-:r-'c -:u:::.·~c o :1 8th Sou t h :?:·.,·i o!' m.rti,1:s :;:i i•c no·;;. ~de- ·n:a ::r.dz:1 t,' -~1.L···: ::.ii-.~ c ursc .i i:; v~ry be:.: vily ti r:.bc1·od but :J.:. c Ou G, l'!.Ui:'·.;i o.l U!) to 'l.'.1:1:.t.ikl about 100 rt . oi' t ile lc,l?l ~l.:: L t:i.c..1: c 't.,Lc til.:ibor- i s 'Jcry tr.iclt -m r. ir trc:vcl is 2lliu ..::·~ r·cvci·~c.t1 o It · ..• · .., ,; :1c,·~ s c ei:::icicnc· or i'.:.n if curvoo in o~it:ry r -~" \. ., V ;.,,; - -- ~,:." °" '°...:,.i;i :-:-~./- . - u .:.l. ,:·,117·,n-',,, .;,..O._,l O • (..q •••~ ed .:a..l CJ.._ . ,,_ 1, '.i.'o wl~i ••• ~o ~fi;;or f x-m., ocui·inmc•) of f:!.ao co su;;ie st C[:;c:crv.r.::;,;c be det o:.--winco r:'.lich 1.:01..lu be c c:Jios·" to c::;ot o~~ ~ c.2:tl r: ··e t~ic·_ V(.~Y co,,apicuousl y u:--z:-!;;.;d i;;o th:i.t t:cm ~-;ould. • e thorouchly fc. tilit=..r '{.ri U1 thcra. L loo 1;hnt, ·i;0lel !10:.tl c i'.t~ n0 oZ coru ,.:..:nic:at.:i.on ;.Jc :i.ncre::so' !'o:r ,:;:i:a-~1in:; pm: 0£C Go :i:t Dir;h·i; i f: y t,◊ C G 'ii G t ?le olu 'f.'OX-I~i·r.:_;o urn:;,or -;; - c.: !-.'l"c~ri;i ,.:i.101:-·c Hooe broI;c ·tm·ough i.::nd them E::.; o a c Ci r litie on ·outciue to fill Uj') Otii:''.iGC0 a .:~ i-- iC ·irnco oll ·G t 2 ;:J~~ i the c:;~1; indicr!te "th'J:·t - t UtTec ·a TiC .,,~ Ccl .. B lOCp 3~~1zi u5 1~ @1.rni11c [ l o:~t deu.1 of oc.e~ G@ o Floods i., X:-0 i f cE'C-di1[: anu ouch good grazin::; t:. r1u f u r::1 l;:1ncl is bei .<;; na:l.:r.etl. Tl:c histo.x·y of gupc~·io r;.;i y :.;'10:: ·:., ~.,. th~ .f'2ood o then lz:l.vo been eradually i nc:::~12od:r1g- ... the ox·ocio of the l r1 ~' i'15o :ludic.:i to i;I.cit t iw r::E"K'Oyo ·.::::.::; boon :.;i 'C:J l,l y ac0r,nccl ·unng i"GCGfl'G yoorco Xf .;o lt '.') DUl' p:- :7 -~o ci vo the dE"c.i n:,go o~•c2 'i; her0 8!'2 oppor-!; 1 tl.i'i.:.y to 0 :r or; ircg;o ~tiou. �1-B ~ept. 8th - 10th. i"linton lli.no Oo oncli tions 1300 1 0 c~:cepi.i "'O rio·ted b0lm.7 01d in eoncral ~''Ci~;."l~ Oo iJ o"J r.n w;;..-:1~r to let Sou·tl! ll:vul 0 ~1ould Le porr.r. ie:a.t:...y c:=.- o£i n1~r~a u:,1t1 l r -s~·, t'. ,.c scrc~rnccl ~t portal. :~ 0 011 r ec:: tun.no'! nunr :?.. ,. ohoultl h~vc stopc ~n:.'! !1:!nd 1 E:>-i .. 1:\:L o :'.J z ~ticen t: -~.:-; vo ~ cue\_') i,ccti co,1~eyn1· vr,ns shou l c1 00 i;lnoed ,_,..1_,_ :nirld1 "' of t,,CB o :k~ \.':0~ found :!ll:1nst E.\g<1 i ¥1ot t: (i 3 ~~1po:•·;..il1~) G:i.L ~ A 3 co ~~l1a.t ·ttJO !)f our,. pt.rt1r r;"':..,.0 s·~l"'UCl; ·::11c.:. t.l ~ :ji~1~:: ·G!'?.~d· ~~-1 ~r-: ·i;·~~.c :. 0 0n Gl ,:io dnl~i r:.~ ·she "00z·~1:llern' choul<l "Jc pl ced ,~t 1C;.i£.i ~ i5 ft o c~~- ,; f c\,;- !'ln ··'!i::. pi·tc~ ~Y.lU Gt feiy holcc i 1 l ,<li ·::.iOno 'i:i.·0:!.le , ,t:.:.-W( :aJ ,.:.~ml'- ;:,e: pl ced ebove upper t.r1.,clrn '.3f !J~&.,• , i: r"'G o '}.' ' ~□ :.m l l. 'e olc i1 t ':'co r.:.u . : \JC'f.';i c ::i::Jdo o~l c F:d 1.:1:.· ·iie~h l sc::'i:itel~cd ubcu·t i\1 1!1i110. S iic:~ ) St ·i;h. •;, slidin,:~ .eoi:· in it ot or £ienorc-t.a ;;· ro cD ~..i;c·,- -:1. ,::- bo 1::.::. 1c c c:.:i:}.m:· t,o :;io\Tc urn3 tr...at a i ::c !'k t!.r.d c:5.311 "•e: .r.-10 CGcl ~M r.;~tt:i.i~C i11dicoting the -r.:id-th of o _.c?"..iLl::- ,..-:•.~cr:::;13 :tor vcr:tilntim1. J~s not'.!, tc 1'. 0-t 1 1':cl door .; ·.;: a·,'\t ,., . , , ~ r - ) ~-:::'.r,11 ·' , ,,... ,., C·" , ~.; {l" 1~..::.b1n er-r,,rt ~ t.,Ii.,. v ,.- ,J ,.., .- c-,; ...l,:"' •'.:,o 1,c 1-Zt, c-~,::.n.: rd 6e:1' ·1,',r. n nccest' E''h t,lms ehor-t5.nr; conG:..Co .. 2.. lG c.i : o V .,.;, - ... V ~.).._... .... v._ ..:-V - ..., .. • _.._, �• - 2-B Tr·• !~G not i'irs·t claos. ?ho ol<.l slope h2s been o.ta ndoncd bclou {th South r,nd the \rack no~ cu veo into 1th : outi ~ but t ho old fro~ '- ,l ( :ri:i:1.l.;; '1cve no'L 1; cu rcpl r. cc·u by :.;clid curved ra.:.1{; . 'l'::.:·o llo:t \'.'ire il'! ~th :iouth vc-z:y un:avcr! i n hcibh 1i; untl '"_: Oi..._l; t'.li ~} l{;Jti o 'i x· llcy ~~unr 0 1,~001.· r~:~u ir·· tle q~t te. 1 1 .:.ou'Lh h\.. Ul\.'t[;C .:· c.d i t'! ~~00 • sh~;1~ . V:c,. 1l'c.!1 ~cu · r. pc i:t.:.r:_.~ r. \: tc.r pipe i~ s-tickhi.._.; up i n ~1.~r.1~nnc·? c;,r:: ? ..., r: ci." tc~epL1n~le• . i, cl l :."J.r~ ~ 't ~M~ 1x.:r·~:t. ;1c; ,.n:os3cd po·.::er dr~s 1.:.mi -i~ ouch:t..i Lt . Ci:l \:.1.-t..!OUt '· , , ! d " ux~d 1:!: 11 :- t~ ,. . ~c~1~ : :_ n roclc Ou~-~ l.arr.icz·~ nc cdi:1·: r6~t.r1 1 0 :;e·GtiI!f; o:.:"' ~l:i s~uc; fl l"' :!:i.b• ,~~ i:,;: :: ;.... _:;.,:i ,.·c·... un, :_-i r 1;::n.tT,;c the rock <lu!:lt b~ .... 7.i .. c:/O t,2.::~: ) Cv~l i{!e ,_.' 1 s: 1 i r ~:o . • l L. 1.· ,-:dl'.C0<l }1,.)i, :i • or i;li.'lt:r:r - '"' o ..:r: ,1 ;:: S;;·,.o·ii1 - ,1 e11t\ cc r-:. 5 t1J.ouchi . Lr_; J f c ~r,~ l ~-i:: o n cccli:d in n:, ~o:r-i_;,sne ~--~:d;ox- r~ r;:~. ?luctc::i 1~· r- l wo 1:s c Cud in ~or:.e tr'l:r.r:f~rt:er ro , z:ls. UG :O.LL.0 :;01.• ', l -hl1c i.:2c:;; ;,•.'.:. tclL to OUuSi cic locoi.:.:,ti ·rn ic i!l 11-:: C~/ :::tlr..:l~Oo ...,u~:,:-:st c:-.Oc;3 fer .~nt::. ::;~J c !ococ ctivc i·~·r. to tipp l0. !; }1!1C \~- c.. :!c2 u.~.rt::.cccl t: '\·:., ~:,o tig}~u -'· he c :.1.. t.~hcols ~e:ce c;:c · D . : ld:15 c. p1·::i lifi c oource for fl[!. i:. Y,h-ccls • . 1 ,_Ji.Op :)lo~:.:::: t: ,iu. dc_·r,il s:i'.JUl • i,c uo'.3d ::,~·1 this p$rtir.g; . 1. J.::.; us:::. ,_:1-v\l(: 1,.':,t ".Je pl r_;:;cd cnti ·~l~• on ccr L-r·::tk6s. �3-B ~:ailo i;o ~:.-o.cI: of l ii;ht rai l rnd in poor conuitior1, m:i i;·v:;1.t;c 10s ::su:.l x·:,pc ridcz> pulls both l ::it cl-ms by hc nd. Ti1is ic; ) :.ar· p,.:·!i -,t:i.<;e , n:.1 -hh:l.::-~ ii:; o ften cio:.e ?;hen t dp is ti.1 0 1J:l :..l00 :roo::::i.:;; ;!;'efl cct ch· :n:-1c:tcr und ,.;:odr.m::.l1$hip of n.t e :,ooL C\f d [j :J 0 bnd•· ·· :.:oticod t 10 ,, ,· r~ :; •....;-•".r..~1• 1 "....,"'~ o ./-"" l....... •<>~ ~~ p "\.:... : . i: s ~ ,1· - :&,c r.;u ::---c t4Li-• __ ,o,,-' .._.. ._.,.1 '- !''•:• •·•c ••o 1- .•, '' · _ .. r"'cle;.; f~J;O.iilct ·1b io b t t~ . 0~1 out of ·~ 1!.J 1. i[1y o :... ~·ber sl:i;o s i '! r oj, 2 !LiG-~ 1lc rr~ t~ .Lad for . ';i;•. elm :i.'l ·U:1.0 nii ~·- s~~ 0:,,;;.c 0 1 i;: _ ,...,,. J.. v ~ 1' .!. J ,, . -. .i.;.. .:, - ,!.--' U "~- 1~- ·Gtlc 1r , "fJ ~;, (j..., C- . I:l io .. , , ... Jt:-".J ·i· • __ t. r,-, !l \., , .. •· -•-> .~ ·•C1 M "1 , 1 ;;;, .. .... v..i..U 1: , , ..... - -~ 1, "C fQr) •·· ·il'cl·i r."u -~ :_-..-' '"- l "v J. .,. v U~l ~.. ;1t cC10 ~; -~?i<t i L.:.. tio::; 12ot -~o l5tcc~iJ t~r. (110 :r· E..: cloco u.:::,~: ti.:;,. f r: (.;<.:,S &:. ~~ ::':.i: x· ct ux· .. f-:i :c c;c ~~x--:2r.: ~;:~::>t.: l ! be ci. H~l s ec..~ at ~:oa"' o ~,,..~ ~c.-1 1t ;J S'"C.. ;fC C:.~t '-, r r. 1.f' ::} i w t ~p :, ~ r~h~ r't lL fr !1h ·- 1. l d !CL V ~· c:t_; c;2 0 1:ri ft ~ x-:::Ui ttg Grid \·,'ire i.:;crccn ri 1 lJo l-' 1_. cuG ~lGC r:~ c () _r.:c o:: ;:,~l ft; Q Cl'O .;i:; t ri f·~ . �1-c Sopt. 11th - 15th. I·bnno r. ines. tf:Lo sii•l·in;;: ~-lop0 fur·i;ho:r ;:ould auvi~o doz-nil ou·;;or rdno <-', 11d ·~ho ct"rtinz of safety holo~. 'l'he ec?eeD nn : covez·i '.Ii ,:-l r;r :nge!::e,it at portal of E.::·,n'c;~~ y should be copi -::? • f: t ~in r.'!ineo. "' i-'l 0 �Sur"so o·i; c, •.11 ~ur,plio:.:i of 13-';;opp:lnr; r.m'i;0:dc..l be !;ent E ~ .z... t l o tt)p r-;toppinco ;lu 2u.l 1:ntry ~ ~. s t !-.ose plu ces· o 1.-e ., n -. . - • • • J.1.neul·.; 'GO r;o G [~urpi.:i.au to '-1uic: 'ly. 5 u• ·,·tlJ-- (:') Q'~ 'i;c,~·'. o - ~ .,_ -~ \'i~i... •. _1: ~ 1•c .-;;:.) ',o .• .., " 1 1.ti etwi rir~ d ,~ - ·--J;'J;:' .:,,..•.;. ,:, <.•·u-;• .>· 'J.~ -'Jc... -- ,..,~ .... .,_ ' \,;,li,.;,D 'i'h f.l"O '-1 r:c>:i.'e fouud in coo· eo,1ui·~icn c.n~ uuci cric:lox- ·J,j , ~\; ~:ar1! .. 1 l~ ·c od p:::l<J!i o :..d.c.:h:. ' C \'.fl [.) t :l • ..:... ' 0 l !l~, CC'GOl' !l wc2.1~ ::.elf :i"' OCCUE:I'G • !', i nco 'Gil. l l: S"G o.,~,los.:i.m. i t L- i ';;r.l· r..~il'J 1,:vn imvo thcr~ vttu.chod : o i;it .ii.~ 1•:•· :~. 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() t c:::cJ- ciucs ..:..nlc ~s t he pn~Gls :;:::n b :i c;;:;_1,'.)~. ·:; cor,: cti:>n ·c -;'t.,:aE:r• lo,jiz:ls beforr.; roo::1::. or£: tur •• cc oi' i L 10 ·r:ci-ltcd. 1 . X 0:'10 ·tr-ivs c::.n t:ic Z'l,1'1 in Gt: c}l ;nt.l':f O'i: :,n.ol£ ;;ho:re \;;,.1l(.· 1..'.)t i.J o hh o 1::-.ul"i:.iplicity c'l sr;.l.tc'::ca -~!lTG ui·o :fou:act . 1 ..t. • " ' ' -~ ·.-.. 0 l Gl.• '- ,.,. i Ci. r.•:L~::_c c·:1.::.. - y ..\:-1Gl~ ~UA2l0Uti'5 lJ ~ "' ...,..., r ~~• ' • .•~ ' ~ r o;10 ~ culuso r,ould be cci" er. Sut:gcst. ·1o i'-' t;:;rldn~G i' or !hc~e r.,:i.· o ~~ ~rtic o. be I l ~m.ccl s, r •:; o pcz-;,.d.t :;:;eal:.1.ngtc. co utmc o;;..i. r. t h... d or.r.ry ,·o e:, r!t:i.o;:,c, 1 :i. ''Ge;.oi-c,1 LG~Y.Vi.-!• u•" 1 i'oul'~C. ,.::. ~;y ;:;cc.il'.1 h1 ; -1: r.-J.ne uiz'e c·c.ly -:rn ;;. in i Htr. kc 1::'.;:..•.:02, ·.,:0 ,..::. ~:; o:r t.1000 ·.: .. •. r · ·•·,..• . 1ru1dr --;· c ·.-2 r:bich . r)i' c0u.· ::;c, ~,:() '~ i •• 0 ;'..hO V -"" ) -., -~•-- :;· h ,, ·\ '(· oo~~ . . +~.o +.h.: . . ·,o~tti: ,- X· CC.' S • :i:t r:~t ~ ir...A1sc.:dt!lo .\ .s. ....,. ..... -.. 4':.,,..b .,.. a ...,_. t.. - - \.l u. O 41.J 1.-1 _.,.. C'T i-- _, <J ' ~' • , . • " ..i. • -~ c ,.;:c·~ c l o c 0 c::ough -to tt;O or ·L:11· c o:i: ·11t:ec ~c: lo 't,U c:~c ~~,h~c -~1:cr:i bcc:-: use 0 £ ·:,;hio u.ao . 1 1~0 c 1 -~ ._i ·o t. 'c: ::;so �,. HAflNA ff .lb. plr. ces u erc not ea sy to get through a nd fire bosses should 1:m very Gar e i'ul i n a pprot.. chin·~ them. Gt.rn:1:1.t inc t he co--: l mTf c0s ,.ro und t ho se:als rioulcl hol p to 'd.Gi1t ·JJ- tlic::1 ~ nd' ~ f il..~cri'. cout, u m,,i:t cd on scLlo ,;mu l tl rso . ·n ·c "'i ll up voids 1-: ottor- t hr. ...~rue; ph: s tezing. Ii' p:Ul~i"L, C:.E:e uot ')Ull.od d1.:r~ z-oor;1s £: re f i nichec.l tho s-t: O! ' - tt. ou:l.tl i,u crc s ci=cu.·L·c,e[J o t foc:cr;, -thrn.. oughly c:l e, ncti Q ':{! t i!~m :i' ;; cu :;·::.e : . If l\ ; '.!lCl i c ·to be ,:b··nti OilCd 'oli· 1·r,. lengtt. ::if ·;.irm ucml,) s;i:::;gc ct ·it be coaled r, f teirr.; l oi rd--~~ 0 1!(! 1~:,c~r. ciuctiil,... o :i'hCA.. 0 f'l r c l e r i o open ti r e~!:: :i. n ·.:;,. :.:.:3 nina ·(,l ""t :t vc Ll'C:, ..':.nc c::>t·;l on .i'l ::wr a 1)d ~t'e 1.o cici t.t tto· l,. bl o 7hc.?~·~ ir= 1.:1:t ~.le shJJ ~~!ln[:; C.ur~ i1~:. ti!c o! ~if'G Ll th en.Ar:; ! in ur,kr(· --.., ur.5.vi; ~: of c • 8r-;~ e L1·i;e ~i1 the hir)1 dck oi' 1: a' ;."u !J 1t-Qt ·n:: . :. t; ci, t.. "~;l·ir1!~ ~h::lt . !':he:..:~ u.-,- rt!i 2e c~ansc;ut &~ to 11~ dnd 0 l. 'G t. !O '.~r,; ·; u8 n germ.w pl ,a:e::: to s' ioot t.!G t :~r:,J ct:·a ·,~h !J4:lf..'it lii.~el y IJ1r c~ :; for [~C t; ·~a b0 uccur.;u~ :..r, tcd, r}!ri.1 • ..:~:1~r.1 r- s"'c· (, c C· n~ :2c cu::Lll r.i tiOr1s fror. c1C o.u h~;.-..:.c::-.1 _Ou ::..c:; ( .!lti h,J~fl!..~:ili ;(,0 ~: COi tl r.?. bs . r.:rulc1 pz-ei'or ·:J.... l: ij0 a ll c}1~,~ tin ··· tJonc 012 oi'l sbi f:t pc:ci oUo. If; .:h:n r -• 1 ·~-,-'' ..,J •• "l'vv ••••.,. ..c, l,-..i1 t..... 0 ' ' ""<' " ? ' \ / ,, ,,.1 ::.~ ..!. ~ ,.,, ··1' J. o "'-""- "• '-"!) ..:.. ..; •? i ~ V '..iU -..i v .... ,J \J , C'1'"''"'"""' •...,.;~-'-.1 ~ - u•" 0 '·ol~•..,1, ..l a;J ~ U .. ~ l .J.t J. ... OTG :-1~·::::1 .t-~,.!l·i, fCX"' r;0r t:l c r:i Dl e !,)O t:c;ax- , i ·t i c ell t h.o L J2'"C e~~o:..11....:.a ·G!jnt ;~Jtl 1 c oet Of t i~c 2:d no . ! c~11 '1 ·• GG.3 to·. ;· f i :c c... L:')t~C ~ O CC. !'1 t !r,l:u t h OT OUgh €/\ t Jl!l i n~• i012n :;a:~ ~ J~· 2.£1 "'~hu h~-~;IA r ooi-ns i:? ·the ~, ht VO to cl:ltib l r.d ~l.s ;:·c rr ..:.L1 t-1o_d ·Gb.~i!' lr.. r :pz so f ur n t I:.- y f a- nr:;. t he !~ Oil t. il , cr;.-·1.c o:=- D,~::. ~1~ u :; f a .. ihi o 1·e oon I zav~ :::uc:est cd i lll':cr, '..;:1 u . tio '"' !) f '. i1 -. 11 J"udd';t e'toct-:is·. 'i"hi G ri!lllr t e w , i~c1·- c-::::~c !Jt:~ I ,·ot ct. ~co th.o t i t coul ~ be a ny h:, rder to l:, .nd1e ~1.: ~.: i ii~~ U:! , ll d dorn1 l r1dti cr- 0 C: E c i t r.~i ll detect C.'- s c -,r0 rH. • 1:,,2.ie· y t: ru h m·tU. m ~ r t[;.f r:ri.,y :t L,:':i)? :::s usetl :i.n ···110. :: _ �5-C h ppm1 if they ohot throuc h -the doors. Tllis to apply to 11 .cl.no s. i..t•:i,n !'.il opo t ncl 2m:1 l ori.:h t100u cl o[;t1int: before rock 1t,"'i".ir:~ . 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FAIIRALLOY AMSCO MANGANESE STEEL and other AMSCO Alloys and Products r Volume II, No. 4 FAHRALLOY Pin Barn April, 1930 No. 830 Chain With F-2 Attachments r~'-""-c ,) The group of L oop Type FA HRALLOY P in Bar illustrnled is P~:t ~f a ,;hipment t o IL midwes te rn en~me(ing company. These bu rs, weighin g t172_pounds each, are for use Ill l11 gh tempe rature enameling ovens, handlin g wet enameled pa rts through t he "heat zo ne" where enamel is heat hardened. F AHR ALLOY offers ma ny outs ta ndin g ad va ntages on wo rk of this nature as it is entirely un affected by t emp eratures up t o and over 2000 ° F. and do es not burn, scale, crack or sag even a fter repeated heating and cooling. It is idcallr applied wherever heat and corrosion resistance is required in machine o: equipmen! pa rts, and is made in many different analyses, each particularly smtable to some peculiar condition or process. Most analyses are machinable and all offer complete heat and corrosion resistance for the purpose intended. \\ rite for complete details on this super-metal. Four Years to the Day Quoted below is a letter signed by Mr. C. C. Fisher, Plant Superintende~t, Nat!onal Ro~k Pro~ucts Company, Los Angeles, California. It .1s particularly mterestmg to note in this letter Mr. Fisher's remarks regarcHng the 25° cable bend ·over the AMSCO Sheave and the fact that cablo life is throe to fiv e time.• a.• /0119 as when used with ordinary cast iron sheaves. The characteristic polish that AMSCO Sheaves take after u shorl time in service and the hard, tough nature of AMSCO Manganese Steel are the reasons for extended cable life, an argument long used for AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves that has been again confirmed by this user's experience. • "In answer to your letter of January 20, 1930, am very pleased to inform you that I have u~ed one of your 24" Manganese Cubie Sheaves in continuous service for a period of four years almost to the day. . . "This sheave curries u I" steel cable at about a 25° bend and has delivered to our plant approximately 550,000 tons of sancl and gravel up a 88 per cent incline. "Cables last 8 to 5 times as long us with the ordinary cast sheave. thus saving loss of time, labor an·d temper. "Am highly pleased to recommend these sheaves and the usi, of Manganese Steel in various other clrpnrtments of tht> snncl nncl grnvl'I business." • Thew Shovel Uses AMSCO Dipper The illustration (on page two), a Lorain-75, fitted with an AMSCO Manganese Steel Dipper, recalls the passing of the site that was u land mark and gathering point for New York's elite for many years-that of the old Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This famous hostelry was demol(Oonlinued on Pago !, Oo!umn I) .( .,.✓~" :---:-:----7·•- The illustration shows 212' of Manganese Steel No. 880 Chain with F-2 Attachments every other link. A sand and gravel dredging customer of ours in Michigan, who is thoroughly pleased with AMSCO Pumps because of their efficiency and economy, uses this chain in their sand scraper box naturally for the two reasons of resistance to wear and breakage, and the good workmanship in our shop. Last November they reported that they had used AMSCO Chain all season without the slightest trouble and considered it a commendable record because of -p revious less favorable experienct- with other makes of chain and ordinary metals. Chains of almost every size and class, and sprocket and traction wheels of sizes to match are available in AMSCO Manganese Steel, affording users the maximum of life and freedom from trouble and breakdown. \Vhere the service Is most severe-the loacls the heaviest -in dirty, gritty work-where shocks, wear and abrasion quickly destroy ordinary chain-there use AMSCO Manganese Steel Chain. Once used, always demanded. Pace One �J h ,. A M S C O II 11 I I ,. 1 i n 1:-:-::?\pril I, 1930 Vol.II No.4 Vol. II-No. 4 T h e A ,v ! SC O 8 1Jl f .,1 i n April 1,.1930 ~;.. ' • .Thew Shovel Uses AM§CO Dipper assembled, and is made for use with standard attachments :~ idler wheels. r" (Cont in ued jrom Page 1, Colu mn 1) Features of this improved chain arc (!)-Exceptionally lon g life due .to the d~sign_ a_nd the use of AMSCO Ma nganese Steel (2) - A link to_ lmk bearmg .Jomt thut does not "cut out" (3) - Drsigncd fo r use with standa rd log clogs, a ttachments, etc., a nd to run on the usual ty p~s of tai~ shea ves, slip irons or con,·cyor holtoms (·1·) - Spccially designed drive sprockets ure made w ith out remo vubl c tee th but un· reversi~le when worn, addin g to tl\eir li fe which always is ns long as t~1e chum, ev~n under most_ se,·c!c se r vice condi t ions (li) - So ft iron riv~_ts, h?t. drive~: fill the lmk holes compl etely, makin g n. ri!:(i<l yet fl exible ,1omt. !hey take no wear bccn usc nil l.Jl' ndi n!-( acti on nnd sprocket wheel contact fu ll on th e link fac,·s. ish~d to _make room for the new Emp ire Duilding, an 80 story edifice '':h1ch will be th<: world's tallest oflicc building, topped hv the largest airplane beacon m the United State's. • Plate l'!o. I. Plate No. 2 Plate No. 3 The sizes now a rn iluble Photo h!I Ch eesman , lf cw Yorf,; City " rhile n°,. ?perating details are available on the yardage handled or the ~en ice rendered by the AMSCO Dippers employed on this exca..-atio_n work, it is an interesting fuct that AMSCO Made Parts ~~d Equ~p~ents. are employed on ulmo~t every major construction .I b, to say nothmg o~ the thousa nds of s mullPr j ohs on which we ha..-e no check and wluch never get into the news columns. The New York Vehicular Tunnel, the Ohio River Canal \Vork and the Great Lakes Improvement Program arc jus t a few noteworthy, mod~rn-day -~evelopments on which AMSCO Dippers, Dipper Teeth, Buckets, Chams, Sheans_, Pumps, Cutter Heads and other equipments_ ha..-e played an act1,·c part. In fact, wherever shock, wear ancl a brasion arc enc?untercd, AMSCO .Manganese SlPel is used, for it possesses a_peculmr toughness a nd resistance to wear that is so fully developed m no other metal or alloy commercially practical today. • AMSCO Riveted Coil Type Chains Now Made in Nine §izes Approximate W eight Dimensions P e r F oot in Indies in P ounds lxl %x6 .... .. . . . . . ... 12 lxl'!'.1 x8 .............. 12 1/~ 11/.1 x2x8 .. .... . . . .... . 18 I 1/~x21/., x8 . . ...... .. . 26 1/.t 1%x2 1/ 1 x8 . .... .. ... .. 32% 1 % x2-7 / 16x!) .......... :!31/~ I % x2 1/:,x10 ......... . . 3-1, l 1/~x2¼ x8 ( E xtra Hea \"y Type) .. . . . . 3·1• 2x3x10 . . . . . . . ........ Ii:! i. I Head wha t thb USl"r of A:\I~CO H.i\·eted Coil T~·pe Chum has to say ahout th!'ir installation wl;ich is now thre~ and one-half yt·ars old. ""·e ha ve your letter of February 12 and it is with ,·ery grea t pleasure that wt• give ~·ou a report on llw service obtaint•cl from Your riv~ted coil type log haul cham. 0 "This chain hns been run ning in our i\Iill No. 2 niµ-hta nd day for three and onehalf years, and has hauled up approximately 401 ,li00,000 feet of logs. "\Ve have no troubl e with the chain, dogs or sprockets and at the present time this equipment shows practicalh· no signs of wear. • "You have our permission to U5e this letter in selling this chain to other prospective U5ers." (name on request) The, n~w A_MSCO Rivete_d Coi~ Type Chain, now made in nine sizes, Is a dIStmct improvement m design over welded coil chain because it h?s a 1;11aximum joint b~aring equal in diameter and length to the d1mens1on between the side bars. Welded coil chains when new have only poi~t c~ntact and bearing, and although this area increases with wear, It IS still- small when the chain is finally worn and discarded. A?tlSCO Riveted Coil Type Chain, besides having the major advantage of the large bearing surface, is easily assembled and dis- By J on N R . LYoxs, .LJ.US CO R esearch Doparlmont In all ca r wheel foundri es, railroad repai r shops, car building plants or whereve r wheel mounting is clone, there is a piece of equiprncnt called a wheel p ress whi ch is des igned to dismantle wheel and nxlc units by fo rcing th e wheel fr om the axle under a press ure of ap proximately fifty t ons. T his press is equipped with n. cas ting known as a resistance block whi ch ser ves as a buffer in removin g the wheel from the axle, and its function is to absorb t he wea r due to thi s high pressure. Castin gs of va r io us alloys have been tried in an endeavor to get a steel wh ich wo uld r ender a good ser vice and the best r esult that could be atta ined was by the use of a s teel which las ted three months, at which ti me the eas tin g had worn to such an extent that it was necessary to add ser vice plates to increase the life of the easting. This particula r case seemed to be an ideal application for Manganese Steel because the alternate applications of pressure would peen harden the steel and increase its wear resistance. Two castings were made for the Ha=ond, Indiana Works of the Southern \Vheel Company for test purposes, and while the results to date aren't conclusive, the service nt present proves the superiority of Manganese Steel. To demonstrate this contrast, three pictures were taken, one showing the Manganese Steel resistance block after three months' wear (Plate No. 3) and the other two, alloy steel resistance blocks after they were used the same period of time (Plates No. l and No. 2)for removing lli00 to 2500 pairs of wheels per month. The alloy steel blocks show excessive wear and the need of service plates (Plate No. 1) and a fracture (Plate No. 2). The Manganese Steel (Plate No. 3) shows that it has been peened down, but now it is in ideal condition for complete wear and shock resistance, the two qualities for which this steel is widely noted. These castings weigh approidmately 120 pounds each and cost about 32c per pound for tl1e alloy steel blocks and about 13c per pound for Manganese Steel, a saving in itself that is distinctly worthwhile. - - - - - - - - - . () • Page Two Pictured above is part of a shipment of Draw Bench Chains and Sprocket Wheels made for a well known engineering company, manufacturing draw bench equipment. • This shipment of AMSCO Manganese Steel Parts consisted of 416 -8½" pitch, side bars and 208---4"%" pitch, center links, and 2--5 tooth drive sprocket wheels, 1-8%" machine bore and the other, 8 11/16" machine bore, both having ground keyways and machined hub ends. The experience of users of this type of ·e quipment bas proved the _merit of AMSCO Manganese Steel for this work, it being n well established fact that Manganese Steel when of the proper analysis and heat-treatment, has an austenitic structure that gives great toughness, ductility and shock resistance. A peculiar property of the metal is that it work hardens very rapidly and it is probably due to this characteristic that Manganese Steel is so sen·iceable under severe wear and impact. Spools and Sheaves Two types of standard AMSCO Sprock• ct Wheels for use with AMSCO Riveted Coil Type Chain arc shown. N otc: Teeth are not removable but entire sprocket is reversible to make both sides of the tooth surface available. Excavator Buckets, Clam· shells, Dippers and Dipper Teeth, the most abused equipment used in stripping, digging and excavating operatiom, are assured a vastly longer life when made of AMSCO Manganese Steel. The six 8" O. D. 6" face Manganese Steel Spools and four 61/.i " O. D. Sheaves illustrated are part of a shipment to a Minnesota Coal Dock. On similar sheaves previously purchased from us they say, "Our past experience in using AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves has been very satisfactory, as we have had 6" sheaves in our car hauls for about four years, and the wear is very slight." (Nnme on request.) <) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,, .. • ,...•- Draw Bench Chains and Sprocket Wheels Mang2tllese Steel Resistance Blocks I In one sense the yield point is rather low. However, as the ste~l starts to stretch, it immediately stiffens up very radically and this increase in yield point is progressive almost to the ultimate strength. This ability of AMSCO Manganese Steel to build up a new, high yield point is the prime reason for its resistance to extreme shock as such shock stresses result in a higher resistance against further stresses of like degree. • This building up of strength and ha:dness .is a very rapid I?rocess and very soon uFter the chain has been m service, maximum res1stnnce to breaknge stresses and to abrasion is reached. \Ve are not only equipped to make the very best possible Manganese Steel chain so far as analysis and heat treatment are concerned, but to test draw bench chains up to 150 tons before shipme1\t. \Ve are of course, not confined to any one design, but can furnish the design best suited the conditions. PaaeThree �Vol. II-No. 4 The AMSCO B ulletin April 1, 1930 Sheave Service Recordls ! Two Sheaves from a group recently shipped from our Chicago Heights Plant-at the left a four spoked 22" 0. D. 104 pound sheave; at the right a plate center 17½" O. D. 92 pound sheave. From a shipment of 24 Sheaves ordered by a large overhead crane manufacturer. The President of a Massachusetts Sand and Gravel Company. Sheaves ordered in 1926-January 28, 1930"It gives us a great deal of pleasure to· s tate unresen·edly that we have found th,e manganese sheaves we purchasd from you in 1926 and 1927 everything which you claim for them us to wear, service and dependability. We would no more think of going buck t_o the old type sheaves we were using at the time we placed our first order with your representatives than we would consider screening sand by hand for the market today. • "We operate two oversize derricks with buckets of two and two and one-half yard capacity respectively, and during the past three years we have run continuously in all kinds of weather from nine to fourteen hours daily, with but one shut-down of two weeks for repairs. \Ve could not have accomplished this had we been sub.iect to the sheave and cable trouble we experienced before we became acquainted with your products." The Enitineer of a New England Gas Company. Sheaves bought in 1927-January 80, 1930"The AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves referred to in your letter are still in use and have proved very satisfactory. \Ve have no hesitation in stating that these greatly outwear ordinary cast iron sheaves and are generally superior." A Massachusetts Contr.a ctor, January 30, 1930"I used AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves on a Bearcut Shovel in 1927 with most satisfactory results. I am at present using an Osgood Conqueror and have not, us yet, been obliged to replace the sheaves, but when I do replace them I shall certainly replace them with Manganese Steel because of their strength and durability to stand hard usage." The Purchasing Agent of an Eastern Dock Company, January 31, 1930"We have had four of these sheaves in operation on fair lead "of bridge for seven months. They arc standing up all right." :'.: The Superintendent of Waste Disposal of a Metal Mining Com• pany, January 10, 1930"We find the Manganese Sheu\"es very satisfactory in the crane service. We use them extensh·ely in our buckets and they seem to have no limit to their life. I would say that we can notice no extreme wear to cables, due to roughness of the sheaves. Some of these sheaves we have had for ten years or more and an occasional bushing is all they need. I would state from my experience that Manganese Steel Sheaves are to be recommended for service on Industrial Locomotive Cranes, on the boom and elsewhere." A Dock Superintendent, February 4, 1930"Our mechanic reports that the sheaves mentioned were installed as holding rope sheaves on our electric cranes in 1926 and so far have shown very little wear. He claims that with the ordinary sheaves he had used previous to this, replacement would be necessary at least every two seasons under present conditions, and says that the service given by the manganese sheaves is very satisfactory In comparison to the ordinary sheaves." A California Truclcinii concern, February 6, 1980"We are pleased to inform you that we have u.sed your sheaves and found them very satisfactory in every respect and we arc at all times ready to recommend tl1em to others." <!);-------------,~-- . p "d nt of a Southern Dry Dock Company. ~eaves Tl IC V ICC• res• e 30 bought in September, 1926-January 29, 19 "The AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves we purchased from you were used on construction work for our cust~mer an~ we have Ima the very best reports possible from the use of th1_s matc n_al. Our custo~er advises they gave him exceedingly good ~crv1ce and m all probability are still in use as he disposed of the equipment abou~ a. year ag?. As stated before, we have always fo~d AMS_C_O ;?nterinl of the lughest grade and of exceedingly long lasting qualities. The Manager of a Colorado Gravel Producer, f nnunry 22, 1930"We have your letter of January 20 regardin g Ma nganese Steel Sheaves which you furnished our co!"pnny in 1926: W e find ~hese sheaves arc working very satisfactorily and outlastmg t he ordmar~· sheave a good many times over. We feel that these shea \Tcs, whilt· costing considerably more than the orclinn:y •shenvc, a re l'ery much more economical in the long run, and we mtcnd to replace some of our other sheaves with Manganese." The Superintendent of a Minnesota Coal Dock Company. Sheaves ordered in 192,!,-January 23, 1930"Thc manganese steel sheaves, or rope carriers wh ich you furnished us, arc giving splendid satisfaction nncl we arc very much pleased with them." The Purchasing Agent of a California Rock Producer, J a nuary 24, 1930"Our experience with your Manganese Steel Sheav es has so far pro,·ed favorable. It is possible to purchase steel shea,cs at a much lower price than those furnished by you; however, we feel that the added expense bas its adrnntages. '\Ve have no complai nt to make regarding the service of your sheaves." The President of an Arizona Rock Company, Janua ry 23, 1930"To date this sheave has not been placed in se r vice and consequently we are not in position to comment. It has always been our experience that manganese steel in cases of severe abrasive service has proved superior to ordinary steel." The Secretary of a New England Harbor Dredge Company, January 22, 1930• "We think it sufficient to say that all users of heavy duty sheaves know full well the dangers and never ending troubles due to breakage and replacements. We have had our full share of such experiences. . "Against such conditions we are glad to state that the four 24" Al\ISCO Manganese Steel Sheaves delivered to us about September 1, 1927 from your New Castle plant arc still in place on one of our 6-yd. dredges. They are satisfactory in every way, and also economical." I I A ·part of a s_hipment of one hundred 36" diameter sheaves from ou,: St•. Louis Foundry. to a midwcstern oil supply company. This shipment of travebng block sheaves weighed 19,300 lbs. The Superintendent of a Massachusetts Gas Works January 26, 1930' "Our records show that we purchased from you in November, 1926, two Manganese Steel Sheaves and in April, 1929, four Manganese Steel Sheaves. At the present time two of these are in stock, three are in service and one has just been removed for rebushing. Presumably the one just removed was one installed on the first order and was put on not long after it was received. The groov.e in this sheave looks very good and we can get a great deal more service from it." (Oontinu,d on Page G, Oolumn /) April 1, 1930 WHO'S WHO AT AMSCO? dredging of gold bearing gravel. It is worthy of note that one of the · operations he visited and sold on AMSCO Manganese Steel has since established the record of digging 15 ,500,000 tons of gold bearing gravel with a single set of 9 ½ ft. capacity AMSCO Buckets which were in constant operation for some 17 years. We p resent m this issue William M. Black, "Bill" Blac k t o his many friends m The Eastern Territory who have come in contact with him in his present day capacity as Eastern Sales Manager of the AMSCO organization. "Bill" came to this company in the Spring of 1912 and made his start with us in the foundry of the Chicago Heights Plant where he spent several years learning the many details of making Manganese Steel. While being "exposed" to the many ramifications involved in the making of Manganese castings for shock and abrasion resistant purposes, he spent much time studying the many manufacturing problems that beset the special alloy casting manufacturer and so is well qualified by knowledge and experience to fill the position he holds today• After his early training in the Chicago Heights Shops, and a fin- Later, on returning to the States, he enishing course in selling the prod- tered the AMSCO Sales Departucts he had learned to make, he ment in charge of the Pittsburgh d~cided that a knowledge of the Territory where he held forth until the latter part of 1927, with application of these products the exception of his time in servwould round out his educational ice during the World War, when career on Manganese Steel-so he served as a Lieutenant in the he journeyed forth to the Gold U.S. Ordnance Department. Fields of Alaska to study the gold In 192 7 he was placed in mining operations of several charge of the New York Office of large companies. the company at 230 Park AveAt Nome, Alaska, he came in nue, New York City, and later in contact with several large dredge the same year was promoted to operations and saw, first hand, the position of Eastern Sales the severe service to which Man- Manager, which position he now ganese Parts are put in the placer holds and ably fills. WILLIAM M. BLACK Poee Five Paee Four VoLII-No.4 T h e AMS CO Bulletin ·•¢1- - - - - - - - - - - -,¢ ·· �April 1, 1930 Vol. II-No. 4 flt" AMSCO B 11ll ~ tin T h e AMSCO Bu ll e tin April 1, 1930 Sheave Service Recordls ! (Continued f rom Pa9c ,l, Column &} Way Back \tVhen The President of a Pennsylvania Trap Rock Quarry Company. Sh,~avcs ~ought in 1925----Janunry 27, 1930Replymg to your recent inquiry as to the use of your Manganese Steel Sheaves beg to advise th a t we fo und t hem ve ry satisfa ctory. I'.1 fnct _the only ones we purchased from yo u la t erl cvcral years a nd \\ ere discarded on a ccoun t of changes in opera ti on of the pla nt. They were not worn out and showed very li ttle wea r. \Ve wo uld r ecommend th em highly in prefe rence to the ordi na ry cast steel wheel." A Pennsylvania Building Brick Company. Shea ves purchased in F ebruary, 1926----Ja nuary 28, 1930"Thc_ AMSCO Ma ngan ese Steel Shca ,·cs we- purchased fr om yo u ha".c given us entire satis fa ction. Si nce us in g t hese we ha ve not been obliged to replace them. This appli es to all olh e r equipment rece ived from you." The Manager of a North Carolina Quarry Compan y. " \ye find it pa~s big divicl encls t o use :\l an ~a ncse Sheaves a the hfc 1s fully four times that of ordina ry ones a nd t he t ime element fo r installing is consirlerable. Use this if needed. " The Manager of a Coal Dock Company on th e Great Lakes Ja nua ry ~l~- ' Vol. II-No. 4 Because some of the old timers (a nd even a few of "us moderns" ) are ,~ont to reminisce a bit a nd tell of the jobs and specia l c~s tmgs of a nother day, made way back when some of th e big bosses of today we re just learning the \\'hys • and. ,~hercfor es of Man ganese Steel, we arc going to print in each iss ue of th e AMS CO BU LLETIN illus trations a nd stories of work tha t was don e by A;\'ISCO -many years ago-way back when Manganese Steel was first commercially made and on clown through the yea rs nntil the \\'oriel \Var sa w it widel y used on heavy duty, seve re scn ·ice equipment of every kind . • L, I • rt · I ..., "We have used AMSCO ?llan ga nese Sled Sheaves in va r ious installations in ~onneetion with our <locks and wi ll . uy tha t I find t hem perfectly satisfactory and more economical than or di na ry- steel shc'.1,·es. \~e find tl1em t~uqh a ~d stron g, a nd that the g roove 'take on a high polish, thereby ehmmatm g rope wea r. Y ou p roba bly will note from our requisitions that we arc orderin g Ma nga nese Li ps fo r our clamshell buckets and replacin g us fas t as poss ible many of our worn steel parts for manganese whereve r poss ible." 1 I ( A group of tube mill gea rs and pinions, some of the first M_an i;:ancsc Gears mud~ for use in this service in the Chicago District. The gears weighed 7,000 pounds each and the pinions, 6,lQ pounds each. The official poser (you'll see more of him) was also styl e setter for Chicago Heights on what the well dressed foundryman should wear! Some Chollie, we'd say. §hipper §haft Pin.ions 9uot~d below is a letter from the Gen eral Superintendent of 1111 Ohio_ L1mes~one company (name on reques t) , eoumwnting on the service received from a set of Al'vlSCO Shipper Shaft Pinions, illustrated above. "In answer to your letter of January 17, regarding the service we have had from AMSCO Manganese Steel Shipper Shaft Pinions that we arc using on our ste111n sho,·cls, we equipped the first shovel with these pinions in March, 1929 and the slHJ\'cl worked two 10 hour shifts per day until November 1st anu has been working since then on a single shift. "These pinions do not show any wear and look as if they would be good for 11nother season. "Until we put on the A)1SCO Pinions, four to five months on u single shift was good sen•icc. Necclless to say we are equipping all of our shovels with AMSCO Pinions." 8 Yard Bucket Weighs 22,669 Pounds The 8-yard dredge bucket, illustrated, made for a Gre11t Lakes dredging concern, is a typical application of the superior shock and wear resistant qualities of AMSCO Manganese Steel. The total weight is 22,669 pounds, the bucket being entirely of Manganese Steel with the exception of the rivets, pins and shaft. As e~·err dredge opera to r kno\\'s, in a built-up type of bucket the extreme cl1ggmg shock and stresses distort the plates and loose n the rivets. To eliminate the poss ibility of distortion th e AMSCO Half Shells are rnaclc as one-piece Manganese Steel castin gs, leaving no possibility for loosening and very littl e likelihood of breakage. The rigid Manganese Steel Uprights permit even operation in opening and closing. In the AMSCO Bucket either rope or chain can be used, which makes for eas ier repairs on the job. Of course the great s trength, shock resistance and wear resistance afforded by Manganese Steel Castings, of which the bucket is entirely constructed, assures the operators of longer life from parts that are subjected to shocks and wear. Simplicity of design allows for repairs ancl replacements to be made with great facility, and this fact alone often eliminates serious delays and costly shut-downs. \Ve have made a number of these buckets during the past few years, and all of them have gi\'en splendid economy and first class efficiency. \\Then you buy Buckets, Clamshells, Orange Peels, Grabs or Dippers, be sure to specify :Made of A:MSCO j)fan.gmieRc Steel. It is your guarantee of maximum service. AM§CO Feeders Handle Stone A recent installation of AMSCO Feeders, engineered and installed by the Stephens-Adamson Manufacturing Company, is that of two 36" units recently put into operution a.t Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Company. The AMSCO Manganese Steel parts consisted of: 84--9" pitch x 86" wide pans, weighing 80 pounds each. 168-9" pitch links and attachments-riveted to pans, weighing 21 pounds ench. 4--9 tooth-26.815 pitch diameter sprockets, weighing 212 pounds each. Page Six 4-- 22.815 0. D. traction wheels, weighing 150 pounds each. 26- 10" tread diameter flanged track rollers, weighing 2-i pounds l!llCh. 22-10" trend diameter plain truck rollers, weighing 21 pounds each. Feeder with AMSCO Pans, Links, Sprockets, Idlers and Rollers at the Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Compa ny. Feeder is 36" wide by 9" pitch by 14'6" centers. This feeder (top view) receives from the primary crusher 11nd delivers to the first belt conveyor up to the surge bin. The pans travel at a speed of 31' per minute driven by a 7½ H. P . motor and have a capacity of 800 tons per hour. This feeder (middle and bottom views) draws material from a 500 ton capacity surge bin and delivers into a Simons Cone Crusher over a special spout which can _be wheeled to either side to pass material over a straight chute into the crusher or over a bur grizzly which bypasses the fines into a belt conveyor under the crusher . The pan -speed is controlled by means of one of FJS Variable Speed Reducers from 5 to 80 FPM with a corresponding range in capacity of 60 to 350 tons per hour. A 15,000 pound dredge tumbler made in the early days for service in the Northwest on a. large gold dredge (Sh-maybe it's "Bill" Black in disguise that's keeping it from rolling away). ISSUED BY THE AMERICAN MANGANESE STEEL COMPANY, CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILLINOIS SALES OFFICES FOUNDRIES CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL. BURNSIDE, CHICAGO, ILL. NEW CASTLE. DEL. OAKLAND, CALIF. LOS ANGELES. CALIF , DENVER, COLO. SOUTHERN MANGANESE DIVISION, ST. LOUIS. MO. CHICAGO. ILL. CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL . NEW YORK. N. Y, NEW CASTLE, DEL. BOSTON, MASS. EASTON. PA. Page Seven LAKELAND. FLA, PITTSBURGH, PA, CLEVELAND, O. ST. PAUL, MINN . ST. LOUIS. MO. DENVER, COLO. MEXICO CITY LYNCHBURG . VA . OAKLAND. CALIF. LOS ANGELES, CALIF, PORTLAND, ORE. SEATTLE, WASH, VANCOUVER, B. C. WINNIPEG. MAN . HOUGHTON, MICH. NEW ORLEANS. LA. BIRMINGHAM, ALA. PITTSBURG, KAS. TULSA, OKLA~ ··<>•-- - - - - - - - - - - - . . t �April I, 1930 Th e A MSCO B u l l e tin Vol. II-No. 4 l' Largest AH-Manganese Steel Dipper Ever Made The largest, all-M a nga nese Steel Powe r Shovel Dipper eve r ma de is illustrated her e -note its size compared with th e horse a nd ca rt. This mammoth powe r shovel dipper, by far the most mass ive of its ki nd ever built, was cas t a nd assembled a t the Chicago H eights Pla nt of the America n Ma nga nese Steel Company for the U nited Elect ric Coal Company, Danville, I lli nois. It is in u c a t their Duquoin Illinois Strip l\Iine under the direction of Mr. J . ,v. F cllmeth, Operat ing E ngin eer, to whom we a rc indebted for the interestin g facts presented he re. 11he dipper is 14' high ove r the bail, 12' "·ide between outsides of bail brackets a nd 14.' fr om the ends of the dipper teeth to the bottom of t he door, it weighs 37 ton s (emp ty ) a nd is of 15 cubic ya rds capacity. A busy s ta tistician has fi g ured out its weigh t as bei11g a bout 3 70 ti mes th at of the t wo girls perched on the uppe r edge of th e bucket back or a bout 7,J.o times the weight of one of the two girls, a nd almos t twice th<' weight of a ny one load of ma terial it will ha ndl e. This clipper is used at one of the largest s trip mines in Illinois, and is in service on one of the world's largest electric power shoYcls (built by the Marion Steam ShoYel Compa ny) for stripping overburden from coal. Some idea as to the size of the shovel on which it will be used is found in the fact that a full size seven passenger automobile can be driven under it when the shovel is operating on level ground. The specifications of the shovel follow: Length of boom.. . . . . . . l20 ft. Length of handle . . . . . 83 ft. Size of dipper . . . . . . .. l5 cu. yd. Working weight. . 3,300,000 lbs. 0Ycrall height . . . . . .. . 73 ft. Height of dump . . . . . 82 ft. Radius of dump .. . . .. .. 144 ft. Height of boom . . . . . .. . . . . .. ll6 ft. Bearing area on ground . .414 sq. ft. Hoist cable . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .... . .. .... 21/s in. Tbe entire plant is electrified with General Electric Co. equipment so far us it is economically possible. This includes nll of the stripper shovels, as well as the loading shovels, tipple. etc. I I I I l We've Got This Flowers and Showers story all mixed up. Some one said that something comes in like a Lion and brings April flowers or goes out like a lamb that's all wet or something-anyhow it hasn't happened where we live, and -if you've noticed any of those business charts lately, you'll see that it's good around Chicago. And maybe that's because of the many satisfied customers who are continuing to order Manganese Steel Parts and Jots of them, although our increased facilities are not taxed in any sense yet, and if you can't send in an order right away, why don't you send us an April bouquet, in the form of a Jetter, telling us of the things that AMSCO Manganese Steel has accomplished for you-and we'll let all the world know about it in some other issue of this bulletin. P. S.-It snowed yesterday. PRINTED IN THE U . S . A . • APRIL, 10lC Page Eigh1 ••<)- - - - - - - - - - - - -,.¢,• · � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/98837b002ed5b18da55705d3e50fc5f7.pdf 413c2cffa9d88d817afd7fef5e96caa8 PDF Text Text .r .:.,· \ JF ]E 1r N JFCCDRJEWIIAN§JHIITJP AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN lFOlREMANSHIP" L - ::, ..a-. �An Explanation of II afety JI.fl IForeman§hip" 0 T IS generally agreed that the foreman holds a key ways-by Group Discussion, or by Distribution to Ipoints position in industry-not only from the stand- Foremen. of quantity and quality production-but also insofar as the safety of the workers is concerned. In the past, industrial managers have appreciated the importance of the foreman, but they have frequently assumed that he knows more about accident prevention than he actually does. Thus, much less effort has been devoted to the education of foremen than to the education of workers. Regular production meetings of foremen, or foremanship training classes, are held in many companies. In such cases, one booklet in the '' Safety in Foremanship'' series may be made the subject for discussion at, say, every third or fourth meeting. If regular meetings have not already been organized, a series of special meetings may be held once a week or once a month either on the time of the men or on company time or on both. Meeting the Foremanship Problem Many managers are convinced that without letting down on other activities, they must formulate some plan whereby they can: 1. Give the foreman a. broader knowledge of accident pre- vention. 2. Inspire the foreman to make accident prevention an integral part of his job. 3. Instruct or remind the foreman concerning the definite things he must do if accidents are to be prevented in his department. 4. Give the foreman a source of ideas for discussion at safety meetings and at times when he is talking to individual workers. Seven Booklets Now Ready Accordingly, at the request of its members, the National Safety Council is formulating a series of booklets to be called "Safety in Foremanship", that will help to accomplish these objects. The titles of the :first seven booklets are : I. A Personal Message to You. 2. The Foreman's Opportunity-Production with Safety. 3. Have Yon Thought About This7 4. Do Yon Know How Much An Accident Costs7 5. Safeguards-Why and How. 6. Look Out for That First Step. 7. Are You "Following Through "7 Each booklet is short and to the point, and the whole series can be put into one book-size loose-leaf binder. These booklets a.re written so they can be used to advantage in all types of industries in either of two Plan for Distribution Copies of a given booklet should be distributed to all foremen about one week in advance of the meeting at which that subject is discussed. Each man is thus expected to read it and come to the meeting prepared to participate in the discussion. (Booklet No. 1, h01.oever, is not intended for discussion. It is simply introductory, to prepare the mind of the foremOln for the booklets to follow.) The discussion leader should be selected with considerable care. He may be an executive officer of the company, the general manager, the superintendent, the chief engineer, the safety man, or some other natural leader with a pleasing personality and the ability to get others to talk. He should not make speeches. On the other hand, he should make a few introductory remarks and then ask questions which will pump information out of instead of into his group of foremen. These questions of course should relate to the specific subject under discussion. Suggested questions and answers are printed further on in this leaflet, and are not intended for distribution to the foremen. General Discussion Valuable The men should be encouraged to volunteer in giving their answers, al-though it may be necessary (particularly at the start) to call on certain individuals. Three or four answers to the same question may be sought. These answers should then be discussed from the floor in detail. The men should not be permitted to refer to their booklets in the meetings. Instead they should be urged to talk and cite examples from their own experience. It may often be possible to emphasize certain �AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN F OREMANSHIP " ideas by reference to recent occurrences right in your own company. dnys.-In the meantime, won't you write me a brief report, telling me what you think of the whole idea in general and this booklet in particulnr'l " It is •best to organize small rather than ·1arge groups of foremen. If too many men are present, each person's participation in the discussion may be so !,imited that he will not get the benefits that are derived from small meetings. The maximum should be 15 to 20. In many plants, therefore, it may be advisable to organize two or more groups simultaneously. When opening a meeting, it is always well for the leader to review briefly the subject discussed at the preceding meeting-then to continue for just a few minutes in introducing the new subject. As already suggested he should proceed to ask leading questions which will stimulate thought among the foremen present and which will emphasize important facts that may or may not be covered in detail in the corresponding booklet. Send Him a Personal Letter If it is impracticable in certain companies to hold group discussions of the "Safety in Foremanship" booklets, the managers should distribute them to the foremen at the rate of one a week or one a month. Each booklet, however, should be accompanied with a personal letter such as: "Dear Bill: Do you remember when ,Tim Smith got hurt'l I guess we've all been thinking about it in the past few weeks. Just a day or two ago I started rending the enclosed booklet on 'Accidents Cost Money'. It ties in so perfectly with our own case that I at once became interested and read it through to the end. I know it will interest you, too. Other booklets in this 'Safety in Fore• manship' series nro to follow. I hope yon will keep them nil for future reference. I just ordered some loose-leaf binders in which to keep them. I 'II gh-e ~•ou one in n few AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN FOREMANSHIP" lumber in scaffolds'i ventablei How7 Are accidents from such causes pre- 5. Does anyone recall an accident in the company that he didn't know how to prevent7 6. Does anyone recall an accident where the price paid by the injured worker involved loss of his home-his wife or children going to work-or other kinds of privation 7 7. What is Workmen's Compensation7 Who pays it7 Why is it n good thing for the workers? (Compensation is paid by the company. The following questions are suggestions which the leader may use in leading the discussion on a given subject. Some leaders may discard one or more questions or add others. In general, the best results will be secured if the discussion can be adapted to, and reflect, actual conditions and experience of your own firm. Typical answers are given in this leaflet to many of the questions suggested, but it must be borne in mind that these answers in many cases are exceedingly brief and sketchy. They are, in the main, simply indicative of the correct answers to be given. BOOKLET No. 2 1. .A.re compensation payments, doctors' bills and hospital ex- penses the only costs of an accident7 (No.) 5. Do you know of any actual cases to illustrate these causes 7 3. If it is true that these qualifications make a foreman good for quality and quantity production, what aclditional qualifications does he need to succeed in prcYcnting accidents in his departmenH 7. If the foreman can cure the causes of bad production, he automatically eliminates the causes of accidents, doesn't he f (Same as the cause of bad production records.) (Yes.) 8. Can you think of any accidents that result from causes that arc beyond the control of the foreman f (Accidents caused by "Acts of God.") BOOKLET No. 3 "Have You Thought About This?" (97,000 total. 20,000 in industry. 3,000,000 workers injured :mnunlly; each one is forced to lay off work at least one day because of the injury. 2. What percentage of accidents is preventnblef (At least 98 per cent.) 3. What types of accidents are unnvoidablef (" Acts of God"; lightning, floods, earthquakes_. . :E:ven here the effects of such •'accidents'' can be m1mm1zed by proper precautions.) 4. What about explosions, fires, chain failures, breakage of 5. What is the cost of industrial accidents in the U. 8. every year'i 6. Who pays this loss~ (20 per cent.) (You and I.) 3. What are some of the other costs7 7. How do accident costs affect the sale of our own products? (Loss of production; damage to tools and equipmen!; loss of time of injured worker, of foreman and others m getting the worker to the hospital, in investig~t.ing, reporting, and discussing the accident; cost of h1rmg and breaking in new men.) 4. Consider n typical accident occurring in our plant and cal- culate the total cost7 (Accident costs must be included in :figuring manufacturing costs. If our costs are too high, our competitors will undersell us and drive us out of business.) 8. How does this affect us as individualaf (Our individual success is to n great extent dependent upon the success of our company.) Suggestions for Discussion BOOKLET No. 5 "Safeguards-Why and How" 1. Will safeguards around machinery and plant equipment prevent accidents? (Yea! Some, but not all.) 2. What per cent of accidents can be prevented by safeguards7 (10 to 20 per cent.) 3. If that percentage is so low why are safeguards so important in industry'i (a. Guards do prevent nccidents-i. e. .A. man can't put his hands in a set of genre if the gears are properly guarded. b. Guards give the worker a sense of security. Suggestions for Discussion 1. How many people in the U. S. lose their lh-cs in accidents each yead (The employ.er, the injured worker, his family, merchants, the community, the country.) (.A.ppronmately 3 billion dollars.) 2. What percentage are those costs of the total cost7 (Failure to issue clear instructions, failure to follow-up, inexperience, too much speed, etc.) 6. What are some of the causes of accidentsi The same qualifications make for success in both 9. Who loses through accidents~ "Do You Know How Much an Accident Costs?" 4. Wl1at are the causes of bad production recordsi 2. Do you know of any actual cases where one or more of these qualifications made for a foreman's success-or where the lack of these qualifications made for a foreman's failure~ (None! fields.) (Merely a percentage of his lost wages. Pain, suffering and a sorrow cannot be paid for with money, nor can any amount replace a father or husband, or put back a lost finger, eye, or leg.) BOOKLET No. 4 "The Foreman's Opportunity-Production with Safety" (Knowledge of the job, initiative, ability to give instruction clearly, ability to give proper supervision, leadership, loyalty, fairness, willingness to accept responsibility.) 8. Does compensation pay for the injured worker's losses1 Suggestions for Discussion Suggested Outline of Discussion Suggestions for Discussion 1. What are some of the qualifications a man must have to make a good foreman 'I It is n good thing beenuse payments are uniform and automatic; no lawyers or court proceedings are necessary.) c. Guards prove that the firm is sincere in its efforts to prevent accidents. d. They prove the foreman is sincere in his efforts to prevent accidents. e. Guards help bring out safety suggestions from the workers. f. The accidents occurring on ma~hinery are usually more serious than non-machinery accidents.) 4. Do yon know of any actual cases illustrating one or more of these points 7 5. What are some of the fundamentals that should be followed in designing, constructing and installing safeguards! (a. Guard should eliminate the hazard of accidental injury to operator and passersby. b. Should not interfere with production. c. Should be attached to machine-not to floor. cl. The equipment guarded must be easily accessible for oiling, inspection, and repair. e. Guard should not interfere with sweeping and cleaning. f. Guard must be strong enough to stand nse and abuse. g. Guard should preferably be made of metal. h. Guard should preferably be interlocked with operating mechanism. i. If possible, guard should prevent excessive wear on the part guarded.) 6. Are there e.~amples of our own equipment guarded in accordance with these fundamentals7 7. How can we get advice in deciding what to guard and how to guard it7 (n. From insurance and state inspectors. �I AN EXPLANATION OF '' SAFETY IN FOREMANSHIP '' b. From members of our safety department. c. By making a study of processes and methods. d. By getting suggestions from the workers.) (Man-to-man talk; explain why safeguards are necessary and what would happen to him and bis family, if he were injured; ask if the guard is OK, if it isn't ask for suggestions for improvement; in an extreme case resort to discipline.) 8. How can you get men to use the safeguards provided 1 Gilggles-saw guard-etc. 9 Subjects for Discussion BOOKLET No. 6 "Look Out for That First Step!" 1. Why is a new worker usually more susceptible to injury than the "old-timers" 9 (His surroundings are new, he's anxious to make good right at the start, he hesitates to admit ignorance, it takes some time to get the "feel" of his job.) 2. What can the employment man do to impress the men he hires with the necessity of "being careful" i (Tell them the management is wholeheartedly interested in preventing accidents, management has provided safe working conditions and is proud that the workers are doing their part, too, etc.) 3. What can the foreman do to get the new man started right9 (Be friendly, tell him the firm and particularly this department bas a good safety record, encourage him to help make the record still better, introduce him to his neighbors in the department, encourage him to consult you on anything he's not sure about, do his job for him for a few minutes, and explain the hazards, then watch him do the job for a few minutes, come back to him from time to time and make sure he doesn't develop wrong and unsafe habits, etc., etc.) 4. How can a foreman study and learn about the accident hazards of all the jobs performed in his departmentV (By thinking back over the accidents that have occurred to bis men, by consulting the firm's statistics and accident cause classifications, by learning of the experience of similar departments in other firms, by reading trade journals, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS, pamphlets of the National Safety Council and other organizations, through safety posters, by watching men work, etc.) 5. What about the "old-timers" 9 How should you treat an old-timer who is transferred to another job or to another department 9 (Treat him almost like a new man insofar as the hazards of his new job are concerned.) Suggestions for Discussion BOOKLET No. 7 "Are You 'Following Through?'" 1. What are some of the reasons for most of the accidents occurring to men in our firm '1 (The most obvious answer is ''carelessness.'' Explain why "carelessness" is too broad; why it is simply an alibi. More definite answers are inattention, poor judgment, haste, work improperly planned, disobedience of rules, interference by others, lack of experience, lack of skill, instructions incomplete, or not enforced or not given at all.) 2. Is it important for the foreman to differentiate between these "causes of injuries' "l (Yes, because different causes call for different methods of correction.) 3. Out of 330 "mishaps" on n given job, how many times on the average will the worker be seriously injured 7 (1). How many times will be suffer minor injuryf (29). How many times will near-injuries result? (800). 4. If injuries occur to workers usually after repeated unsafe practices, isn't it important for the foreman to detect these unsafe practices before the workers are injured i (Yes.) 5. Isn't it likewise important for the foreman to study and learn what unsafe practices are common on each job under his supervision i (Yes.) 6. Take any typical operation familiar to the foremen-such as using a ladder, or an emery wheel-and analyze it to determine how many separate unsafe practices and conditions may result in injury to a worker. (For instance, take an emery wheel: wheel out of balance; tool rest set too high, too low, too close, too far away; hood guard removed; failure to wear goggles; grinding on side of wheel, etc., etc.) 7. Can the foreman get all workers in his department to help him bring about the elimination of unsafe conditions and uns~e practicesi (Yes.) HowT (By developing team work.) No. 108-R-4/31-4M �'' IA\ ~ Copyright, 1931, National Safely Council, Inc. All Rights Reserved � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Safety - Misc. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1920s Subject The topic of the resource Collection of letters, reports, and exams in safety for UPCC mines. Description An account of the resource 11" x 8" loose papers and booklets of varying sizes held in a manila folder. Some pages are severely faded may be hard to read. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0039 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.