https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/6ea63d17e0f9e475b491d75e9602a311.pdf fc53fe8b8ef22b9cfa9444eb56b85e5d PDF Text Text MECHANIZATION OF CQ;\L lUNES AND WHAT IT WILL I DO FOR ITSELF AND THE COUNTRY. In discussing this question, I shall feel at liberty to go far afield, and shall probably digress from the subject, but I shall endeavor to "keep Ylithin the one mile wide and one inch deep", as the standard set by a former noted State Senator f1 ·om Sweetwater County, at present a. member of thi[:; ']lub. This, I feel, will give me all the latitude I desire and if I wander quite freely, I s~all only do so as a means of correlating the several viewpoints on the subject, a.sit is extensive and presents many angles, With this in mind, I shall proceed feeling at perfect liberty to exceed the rather meagre time the Chairman has ~llotted me and continue unt ~l I have finished my pr~sentation of the subject as I notice this ia n custom qu:i;te widely followed by some of the speakers at meeting~ of this kind. Tqe question of mechanization of coal mines is a. large one, and outside of the mining fra.ternity very little understood, so it may not be out o{ plnce to sta.te briefly wha~ is meant when we talk of the mechanization of coal mine~. It mea.ns the mining, drilling und loading of coo..l by mnchinery, instead of by hand work, and the hauling of qoal with locomotives, instead of with live stock. Minin~, drilling a.nd hnuling of coal 'for years hnve b~en done extensively with machinery; for exnmp_lo, in 1900 only 3% of the coul mined in the united States uas mined by machinery; in 1926, • 7a{o wa.s so mined, . the drilling a.nd hnulipg increasing but proba.bly in r. lessor rc.tio .' on tho other ha.nd, tho loading of coa.l mechnnica.lly is of very recent origin. From 1~23 to 1925, the increa.so in loading ma.chinos in the United Sta.tea wa.s 176% nnd in a.mount of coal lo~ded 232fo. Only 1,879,726 tons were mechanically loo.dad in 1923, _during 1924, 3,495,222; in 1925, 6,243,104 tons; 1926, probably lO,i00,000 tons. II Mocha.niza.tion of mines is hore to stay and tho opera.ting officials of coal minos v,ho do not rer.lize this a.ro doomed to ha.vc u rude a.wakening. 1- 1 \ �I - 2 - Wyoming has not ~oon bohind in the mech~nization of its mi~os, In -1887, n numbor of ~ir drivon coal cutting mnohinos c.nd drills wore inst~llod in No, 4 Mino of Tho Union Pacific Coal Company nt Rock Springs and wero in continuous opor• • 1 • o.tion till _l910, vrhon thoy wore · suporsoded by tho more modern oloctric conl cutters and drills I In 1891, tho first oloctric ho.ulnge locomotivo vms instnl],cd in Union Po.cific Mine No. 7 nt Rock Springs. This locomotive being one of the first electric locomotives plucod in operation by any mining company. ~n 1916, mechunio~l loading mq.chines ,1ore installed c.t '[Jnion Pucifiq Mine No. 4, Hc.nnn, nnd nre still opernting 1 Sinc0 1923, other typos of loading mo.chinos h~vo been placed in use, in that nnd other minos of Tho Un~on Pucif~c Cocl Company. Installations huve nlso been made o.t thG Gunn-Quealy Conl Compnny mino at Sueetwnter, at tho Kommeror Coal Compo.ny's mines nour Kemmerer and at the Sheridan-Wyoming Cool Company's minos neur Shoridnn. In 1925, Wyoming londed moc~unicully 579,272 tons and in 1926, 1,472,935 The porcentnge of increnso of cool locded mochcnicnlly ho.a boon gro~tor in top~. Wyoming tho.n in o.ny other Stlite. ·ono of tho oxtremoly interesting a.utomatic lending dovices is knovm ns tho McCa.rty Duck Bill, pntentod by F. L. McOc.rty, Mino .Superintendent, of this city, lntor ussignoq to tho Eickhoff Mr.nufocturing Compo.ny of Germo.ny, being develop ad nnd placed on the mo.rkot by them. Seven of . these duck bills or self-loo.ders ure in uso in Tpo Uniqn PMific Coo.l Compnny' s minos in connection with she.king conveyors, others being ro.piqly put in service in the Union Pncific minos and clso th~oughout tho Unitod States, \Vho.t will mochnnizo.tion of coal mines do for tho industry and for tho coun- try! It ui11 do nothing for the nntion until it has done something for itsolf. ~nizntion will help tho industry by bripging o. granter composure to it. Moch- Herotoforo, it hC!.B boqn looked upon c.s nn outlmv industry, surviving on st riko~. n.nd locli:outa. �- 3 Mochnnizc.tion will oncourogo cmd pring t o tho industry c. bettor typo of lc..'Qor gonor"-llf r Mon, o.nd p::-.rticula.rly youJ1g mon, \"Till t:-.ko up mining work, bocn.uso of tho romunorr.tion it ,till o_ffor nnd tho loss o.xh .. usting oftiort r-oquircd to m:::.ko n . . Hving~ Thoso ·men, devoid of tho trr:.dition of tho mines, will bring to their lr.bor mvro ontpusia.sm nnd ~ different viewpoint on ~ccount of their oQrly oducntionnl ~dvnnto.gos; tho industry of conl mining ,Jill bo dovolopod on n higher plnno bcccuso thoy will worl,{, not so much \7ith oxhnusting muscul C'. r effort, but will uso thoir mon~ to.l fncultios moro. In briof, factory methods \7ill bo brought to tho \/Ork of tho min·cs just ci.s thoy ho.vc boon ndnpt0d to tho nutomobilc a.nd other progrol$sivo industries, and tho work of tho minos will bo systomn.tizod a.nd co~ordin~tod in compn~ison with tho rc.thor looso methods employed under tho prosont system of min~ng. Multiple shifts will o.lso bo worked to give r. bcrttor return on tho investment! Labor turnover will po roducod to n µiinimum, from tho present lOof. a yon.r to proba.'~ly lofo por yo::-,r or less. This will como a.bout 1 ·poco.uao men rlill like thoiri jobs better. With tho adoption of bathhouses a.t tho minos, mine omployos , ,ill be c-.blo to come homo in their clean clothes, and in go$ng to their homos it will not bo nocessc.ry for thor:1 to trovol the be.ck streets of the town in which they live, c.s many do ut prosont, on ~ccount of thoir personnl nppenrnnco; so they will hnvo a grontpr me~suro of self-respect on nccount of b~ing ablo to roach their honos wc,.shod up v.np. in thoir heme clothes c.s o.ny other artisan. Much of tho grime c.nd dirt nttcchod to the industry of c:ml mining Ylill bo oliminutod. When the industry shr.11 h~ve purged itself of the Bolshevist, whothor he bo of tho operutor class or of tho minor clnss, uith tho aid of r:1ochnnization tho history of cocl mining- in tho next few yours vn.11 QO lo.rg0ly n survival of tho fittest, these ,,il 0 hc-.vo tho courr.ge to break r:wmy from tho tradition of tho rninos, embr.rking on un- ch~rtcd sons ~ith con!idonce in their ability to succeed. �But you a.re snying, th[\.t is nll vory good, but whnt wo nro int erest_od ;in is who..t will mochc.niza.tion do for tho nnt:i,on a.nd for our ~ommunity? First, it will reduce tho numbo~ of nines in opor~tion, tho oper::-.ting mines Yrill be more intensivoly workod nnd a lo..rger tonna.go \;,ill be obtnined per- mine open- ing. Second, mines will be worked mu~tiple shifts, ti;m or possibly throe shifts in ~ncp twonty-four hours' Equipr:wnt \'fill . bo ·stondily employed I with 0. consoquont loss er q.opr_o cin.tion pho..r_ge, tp~s roproscnt~ng in itself o. ~o.rgo so.ving c.lono, Eugono McAuliffo in a. i:ic.~or roc~ntly presented before tho Anerico.n 'Mining Congress nnd in his book "Ro.ilwo.y Fuel" ha.s set this forth very cloo.rly. To illustrate this point, n specific example wo.._s t r.ken whicq a.ssumcd 1000 f'.cros of conl · 1c.nd with rt tota.l investment of ~300,000, which is ·n ot lnrgo, tho sc.mo to be :-1ined in twenty-one· yoc.rs by the pro~ont mot?od of _single shifting, I • Ag~in ho cssumcs that by double shifting nnd -triplo shiftin~ tho mine could be exhnustod in 10.5 ;ronrs und 7' yor.!"s respoctivoly. Tho doted+ is too long to ~ivo hero but :it ha.s sho\"m that tho _sprond of interest, tn.xos, r.mintennpco, power, etc., over tho throe poricd~ wo~ld ;r:-esu;J.t in the fcliowirg stwing: Two Shift B~cis (10.5 yo~rs) Per Ycnr Per Ton Interest & tnxos $12,000 ~$ ~0171 linintonnnco 70;000 ~1000 Powor 3,500 ~ 0050 Totnl $ 85,500 $ ~ 1221 Total for exhaustion period $897,750 Ro'investncnt of nnnual sn.vings : a.t Throo Shift IBnsis ( 7 ~~~sl Per Year Por Ton f"":"6228 140~000 .1330 .; 0066 _ii..~ $170,930 $ .1624 $1,194,060 $T4;ooo , 6fo ovor tho tnonty-ono period roquirod to oxha.ust tho oinc on tho sing lo shift l;)Qsis gives tho follorring: Savings invested for 21 yon.rs 'l\'10 Shift Bo.sis Throe Shift Bnsis • $2,220,116 IJ>3 I 237 I 410 ~ ' Further figures ~ro given to show thnt if this so.no mino woro oquippod ~0 loud mochnnicnlly, assuming tho previous installation of mining ma.chinos, tho ·\ �.- 5 . l l'1 • t J.0 t1ing o.dditionc.l cc.pitc>.l \"/OUld bo roquir.o~ with tro :j.nv·est:n.ont \'.=OSt po~ ton of un- r.ar.,J. output: 1 1:ihift 2 Shifts 3 Shifts 350; 000 tons • 700; 000 '! 1,050 , 000 II ~100,000 120;000 ·130, 000 or o:r, or ~ ~286 p qr ton. ;J.71 . ,, " ;124 I) ,; Tr1:j.rq, tho minos ,-rill oporr,t c mor e quys per year, instead of c.bout hn.H time l:'. s nt prese11t . . Fourth, the clnss of lnbcr employed will bo of o. high ord ?r, 1-:- s there will be n demand _ fot -mochani~s, eleqtr:j.cir.ns a.nd oi;hor highly t r n ine d :-ien, who vTill n9t bo migrc.tory ns mon will like their jobs · nnd '\'! ill st ny p e mnnontly. Tho "Boomer" ,;ill be cl~ino.t.cd c.~d- his passing shculd c~us o no sorrow ru:1ong you business men pa.r- · . . tic~lo.rly, · a.s· ho contribut ed but littio to tho up-:-buil~ing of n ny comr.mnity. Fift-h, Ol:lployment r1ill bo :provided for tho bo ys who .ure being e quca.t od -in tho High Schools ·! Ma.ny 9f these· boy.s; n.fter being cq.ucntod, did not dostro to tnko up mining -work on a.ccount of tho severe raus _c ula.r _effort necessary, required to shovel coo.l into u pit car, but Y1hcm-n - good living can be hnd with tho ho.ndling ·o'f lovers, those boys \"Jill not hesi ta.to to take up mining work. Sixth, coc.l ,:ill oventuc.lly cost less to the public but tho savings for sevor~l years wi~l prob~bly bo tc.kon up by high depreciation chnrges nocessito.tod Ly the obsolosconco of ~qnpment, me.de necessary by tho a.doption of new ·m~chinery \7hich uill be developod. However, the cost of coal oven to those not engaged in the mining i1:dustry _in Rock Springs hes not been oxcessivo •. Seventh, tho transition from hand landing to mochanica.l loading will be graduo.l. It took twenty-five yenrs to get to tho point whore. 7CJ/o of the conl is ,inod with mining. mnchinos. I do not lock for the transition period from hnnd lee.ding to mochnnicul landing to be so extended bµt the cha.nge v,ill not be revoluc ~ onnry, p~ob~bly being such ns to take up nny short~go of labor thnt may ensuo, . Tho business depression in Rock SprinGs lies doeper than nny question of �iua ~hanizntion. You \"lill understand this better, and I am sure you ,Jill be interest·· ed in some figures which I will give you, after you have studied these figures. The output from the Union Pacific mines is less .than it was in 1923 but t. Jli.s· is largely accounted for by the :fact that the Union Pacific Railroad Compa}?.y is pu:r.chasing quite a large tonnage from who.t o.re known as the -commercial mines, ao we may consider that the Union Pacific Ra.ilr?ad consumption of coal mined in th~s distriet is ·El.bout the so.me from year to year. One looking over th~ commercial pro- duction will see that this is where one of the chief troubles lies. A study of the State Mine Inspector's report discloses the fact that for the y~ar 1919 (appar_e ntly a year of normal · production) and for the year 1926, there is a very large decrease in prodµction for ·the period covered by these years. Company Production __1919 Production 1926 Central Coal &' Coke Co. 232,360 330;278 159;266 1'98,100 Colony Coo.l Co. 190 ; 708 256 ;466 Gunn-Quealy Coal Co. 196 ~891 221,915 Lion Coal Co. 144;537 332,440 Megeath Coal Co. ' 89;220 120,222 Premier Coal Co. 67,482 47,417 Rock Springs Fuel Co. 80,613 122,733 Superior Rock Springs Coal Co. Wyoming Coal Co. __j_7 ,833 1·, 127 ;404 l,lbl,07f Total A decrease in the eight year period of 566,327 tons or 33f. - This . represents a decrease in pay roll o'f about ~800,00b.OO, with a fur• ther decrease in pay roll on account of economies in operation for ·all companies including The Union Pacific Coal Company of about $200,000.00 per yeo.r, so tho.t the net shrinkage of pay roll in the Rock Springs field from those ca.uses is nbout 01,000,000.00 per year. There are, no doubt, o.bout 1,000 tower men ongo.ged in mining in the Rock :s prings fiold; including o.11 ·mines in Rock Springs and within o. radius of twenty:'iv-J miles, n.bout 600 of these due to cmd cha.rgeo.ble t~ shrinkage in output and ~~e other 400 due to former over-crowding of tho mines. The lntter should not bo I .... �I I I I .,. 7 • taken intq consideration in' figuri~g the net shrinkage in men as they merely reduced the net earnings of other employes .. The total pay roll for The Vnion Pacific Coal Companr a~_Rock Springs, Reliance, Winton and Superior in they yea~ 1926 .amounted to . .. .. . . . . '. $3,552,575. That of other companies wtthin the same radius approximately $1,741,615 : . . ' for labor alone, making an approximate totul of 05, 274, 190, I~ ma.y p~ ·of interest to you to ~n_ o',; th~ earnings of all uni_on employe,? in . Tl-1!3 p:n:i,on .Pa~~f~c Opal Co,~~ny sy~tem, tpe ; qg.u res given not inc~tiding·· s1;1perv~sor.v or clerical forces, -and a CO!Ilparison of th.ese ,·wages with ~he earning .'of employes \r • class one. railroads, ·.. ' Thea~ figures furnished me by Mr. McAuliffe. : '. , • J , \ I Average · d·ays worked·. per year Average· ra:f.io .. working t'iine • Averug·e rat'e per day 8 hrs, Average earnings per month ' Ave~ge earnings _per year Note l. / '•• • 208~38 ~8 :1,: $ 9;43 • 163: 76 1,965~12 If mine em~loyes work~d/ 3?4,+7 days per year, then_;a.v:efnge enrn:- ings w?uld 9e monthly $254.20, yearly $3;0$0,43, . • - • - . , • ;'' ' • Note. 2·. •Clnss . one railroads il'.l~ludes ~11 carriers wi\h annua;t (?pemting · • • •• ·- · .- - • · . · - · ·· · •••• · - - ·- - •• ; , __ _ . , •. - · ··- , • ••• ··- ." •• •t •• • :.·~ • • revenuo above $1,0?0,000~00 representing 9CY1/o ?f railroad mileage in .the U, s. o.nd 96% of r::i,j,.lroa.d revenues. You will. no}e that, ~lthough 'fhe Union _Pacific Coo.l . . . • Comp~y employos worked 37.Sfo less, th~ ye~rly nnrnings were $327.87 grouter tha.n the a.vera.ge ea.rnings of the ruilroa.d employes. The sto.tement of cnrnings of class one roilroo.ds is the latest one nva.ilnple from the Interstate Commerce Commission o.nd I may· aa.y that it is complete, inG~uding the snla.ries of executives, officic.ls c.nd staff a.ssistc.nts, c.s well a.s dc.ily a.nd monthly employes • A siinilo.r statement prepared by the U. S. Burea.u of La.bor for yec.r ending June 30th, 1;? 26, gives v.n nnnunl oa.Tning of nll ruilrond officials o.nd employee a.s $1,648.00 but does not give the number of dnys worked. The stntement of The Union Pacific Conl Compuny does not includo a.ny snlo.ried . Non-union men, being compiled from the enrnings of employos who a.re membors of the U,M.W; of A. ' .• �I' .' t ,r • • ·. ' ,., • 0 Cpming bnck ~gu:i,n to the ~hr.inknge of ·o~t:put . from co~Qfcini' min~s 1 ·soine' of this is d40 t~ loss of markets cnusod by competition from other St o.tes ) _from oil : . '\ nnd gas c-.nd eloctriqity, .c. very per.ceptibJ,.e t onnnge dif.?plncod in Rock ·springs :by .. . . . , ' .~ ~ ! '. •. ,•. . i • .• :~ ~ Iho;e conveni ent fue l i the _:sh·; -_inka.ge stii1 fu~h0~ - cr:us~·d by ~o.~ i P,·e ople firding : it • • •• ' ; • •; • : ,: .' • \ • • I• • I • • ~ • • ' I : • • ; ' 1 ngenqies beyond .' the ~ontrol of tho ope:·~.tor, F-J"." exc:..n:!_') l e, figures given out by tho ~erico._n Ru:J.~~✓ay _ Assocint_io~ sto.t e thc.t for every one _thousa~d gross freight ton miles in 19iQ, _1n · pounds cf _coa.l were used; irr 1925, ·159 pounds unci 'iri 1926 ; -:J.55 ~pu~qs, -~~de~ i~~~~ ci~ - ;lfo ~n- six~enrs~ ·--:-< · ._; .·_ : · •• ,' • • • • • • •• _:·•.'. • f~~l~°: - utility r:i.ants, Q.ccqrdin? to the U: 9~ ·c(e,~~~g~~0.-1 ~'4r:'{er; c,ons·µ,m~~ : !J-n a~e,ro.ge or · 3~2 p6jmds of conl per K,W ~~! ge~era.~od · tn l!fl.~l . 2!~ ~04i1ds ~n. 1921? ~pd i~ ~~~6 .t~e : a.yeri:i.ge is ~rntimnted at 1.9 ppunds per K ,Y(~ H~ fAo. ny i~di"'."iduo.~ plo.nt:3 . did much b~~ter. . thap this, genoruting _~ne :K ,W~H, wit}} n. li tt~~ less ·th~n . !'.>n\3 po~nd of coc.l_, ~-~ ',that ~s pnrt ?( the' story. E;erydn·e ·is : peek in~ for better, . ~f;i~~engf _' :i'.p . . . . :~ .;•: ~pt e f9l;its • l:'.'ep f. ' . . •.' · ·;: resented her~ tonight being no exception. Som·e furth -~~ fig~;~-~- -;;;.-·t ·h~ fue~ situation which are pertinent show very' clearly the trend of the consumption of fuel on the Un~on Pacific System, You will be interested, as it shov,s clearly the comparative quantities of _coal ·and oil us _e d. I stated in ~n . earlier part of the addressr that fuel consumption, in ~o far as this district was concerned, did not vary greatly from year to year but you will note that this is not true of the .System, a reduction of 19.3 per cent apparent from 1923 to 1926, The figures I give you are summaries of fuel iss_ued, the summaries compiled from monthly reports. Fuel oil issued and charged out iJo System lines, 1925 and 192:6 . (Barrels) o:w~ ·st.J.& a.I. 9;895 11,166 989;407 994,837 278 169 109 39,2% 1,271 11. 4f. 5,430 ,5% o;s.L. 'l'otal 1926 Total 1925 Inc,:-ease -r:nc :, •ea~ e Dec:-ea:::e ;Jec1;ease 1:A.& ·s·.1. 1;981;651 2,034,278 52;627 2 .6f. Total 3;038;147 3,082,171 44,024 1.4% �I I • • ,: I ~ummar;( fo,r f~ur years •• 192 4_ • •19 i5 1923 •, U.,P . • • 27,4'83 121 455 659 I 709 0 .: 6 ;L, o :·•,yi: '. St . J; ;& G , I. 4 ti• ' & 9•:J'.ii • :, ' '• Total : .· .f -J •• • 3 1; 719,398 ~,419,?48 30·; 246 •• 12 ·I 641 • . 1,017,694 • • 59 2 , 087; 127 3,1 47,76 7, 1926 4i ; 721 { 1 ;166 994 I 837 ' •. ·,· ': •+'69 2 ,o'34 ; 278 56,916 • 9 ; 895 ' 989 1407 • 278 1;981 ; 651 } ;6'82 .,1ff . ,: 3',038,i47 .; • ' . ~imilar figures for poal ur et 1:1 .P. 0 ,$ ,1~ --r- Total 1926 t:o~a+ 1925, Increase Increase n ~crease Decrease 0 .w. : St.J. & q,r, : -, ------,.. ~ ' 2; 772 ,51·8 2.,745;165 27 I 353 11a 800;25.5 .828 I 24Q m.l U.P. 3,230;992 975 ; 148 676,523 .103,822 ' 140,384 5,127',369° .. o.w. St. J. & G, I, • • L I A/ ~ S . L., Total L ~A. & S .L . Reduction from 1923 Total Tons ' 90,186 86, 654 '. 3 ;5 32 4ilf. 9,019 9 , 520 27 ; 9.~5 3 ; 4~ ·Line - . -., - . 0.S.L. 465 ,030 454,182 10 ; 848 2 ! 4fo ~ 561 5.11, Summary . for four years , •. '1$~::4· • .:' • • 192-7 2 '915 ; 276, 877 ; 270 475,771 89,4i5 .• 15dl2 4,373,044 2 ; 745,i65 .8 28, ~40 · 454,i82 86,654 ,. :-9 ~ 4,123,761 745,325 14.7~ 1,003,608 19.5~ 2I 772 ; 518 800;~55. 465 , 930 90-,186 · ,•9 ~0+9 4,137,008 990,361 19 ~3% Coming back again for a moment to ~he depression in the coal industry, in I 'ilyoming 2.11d in other parts of the United Stat,es where similar conditions prevail, I , a:n sure that you will be interested in a · fev,Jigures which I have on the relative pr0duction in Union and Non-Union fields. Coal operators of \'/yoming, I kno•.1r, are deeply concerned over this situation, as we ~re surrounded by Non-Union territory, tl-i.e states of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah being Non-Union, in the two former very .~- cJrisiderable recession in the wage scales tal<ing effect, Utah ostensibly paying the Jac.kso nville sca)e; but p·roduction costs very materially reduced on acco4nt of much c113, ·.d uor!;: done by the miners without compensation. �·, ; .. . ' 10 froduction figJJres, ~how:ing · product_ion of bituminous coal in what has been known as the Ce~t~o.l _C ompetitive field (Union), comprising Pennsylvnnio., Ohio, Illinois o.nd Jndio.no., are i~lµmin~ting wh~p ~ompared with production for ·like . per~oA in the throe Non-Union states of Kentucky, Virginia anq We~t .Virginia : Pe~syl_vn~io. 1 Ohi~, Ill~nois & Indiana - Union Ratio Year Tons Produced 1923 &; ·1926 to ·1918 1918 1923 1926 344,333,'423 317;965;530 ·2?2 I 808,000 100 92 79 Ratio 1926 to 1923 100 . 85 Kentucky,· _virgin:i.n 1!.n~s.t:_Virgi_nio. - Non- Union 100 124 174 131,737,360 160,438,901 224,808,000 :i,91-8 i923 1926 100 136 The figures for the Central Competitive field do not t ell the whole story because Pe:nnsylvania iG partially Non-Union and this part of the Ceptral Competitive more than held its o\·m, the shrinkage i~ qutput, however, being twenty-one per . cent, ·. . -~ ····--··-- - ~ . _., • .·: ·. -. .·-. ••••• . • • : • ". . ' •· •. ' v1hile the three Non-Union states increased their production 70 per cent and from 1923 to 1926, the Central Competitive field including o.11 of Pennsylvania shrunk fifteen per cent, while the three Non-Union states incroo.sed their production thirty- :: .Jx per :cent, this latter period embiacing what is known as the Jacksonville wo..30 agreement ;·rith the U.M.W. of A., the wi:;.ges in the Non-Union field very perceptibly ioss tho.n that paid in the Unionized fields. I o.m quoting you these figures to show you that the mo.in~ennnce of Union condttions with the attendant high wage scale, when c0mpo.red with No~-Union territory and lesser remunero.tion, have been rather disast~~oud to the mine production of the Untonized states, The so.me thing is true as bo- tween V/ycmi;,.g _Tjnioniz ed o.nd the contig'1lous Non-Union stnt es, o.lthotlgh probc.bly to a l%S':)r· degruo. �- 11 Th~ incre::-,so in tho tonna.r;e of the Non~Union st::-.tes h::ts beori obtr:.inud by roducinG the. ·ui-.go sc::-.lo so it is in0vita.bh~ thcrt th e fields whore tho higheir ,,r-.gco r..ro being pr-..id must, in ordur to hold th eir . busino::;s, either reduce their ,mges, surrondor their business, or develop :-. me::tsuro of ipcro:..sed efficiency thr.t ,1i1], on:1.blo them to llloct th.:i toducod costs estt.blishcd by the loY1-wngo fields. The Union Pa.cific Co::tl Compr:my h::-.s studied cr..rnostly i:tll phns es of tho situ.:-.tion c.nd is comrn:i,tt od to tho third pl:m, thn.t of building up its efficiency by ovory log itirn-"..to method at its commc>_nd, employing every effort poss iblc in this direction, bof:0rc, giving cons id or:-.ticn to other methods. Hence, you will undorstr.nd not only the compelling need of moch '.:1.n- izing our properties but r-.lso tho necessity of uning eve ry oth e r mo,'.ns for efficient opcrn.tion. Tho only thing thnt suggests itself to mo for lost rovenuc, is to try to· substitute something olso in its pla.cc. Thero is c. good dc,.l of l r.nd ,Tithin fourteen miles of Rock Springs on tho north ,,hich ·could be cultivect od by sm::-.11 fr-.rmors, or.ch hc.ving sr.y not more tho.n five eccrus. r. supply of wc..tcr cr-.n bo obt:--.inod. Springs. Hr.y, gr::-_in r.nd hr-.rdy vogct r-.blcs cr-.n be gro,m if Poultry 't'lould r.lso find n rc:--.dy mrcrkot in Rock • I boliovo r. sufficient :::mount of Ylt':.tcr could be dovulopcd by drilling walls, but this could be definitely dctcrminud by the C'.id of ::-. roclr.m:".ticn export.. Tho trecdo tribut:-:.ty to Rock Springs should be developed, by building ~ood ro,.ds. Agec"in, I think tho pE;oplo of Rock 3prinr;s gonorally could ::'-id in boosting the u=-1c of Rock 3prings cor:l by sonding lottors to thoir friends who reside in tho 3tdoG ·;rhoro Rock Springs co::-.1 is sold commorcfr.lly, I r.m sure thc:..t tho opor:-;tors ,-,ho r-,rc ongr-..gcd in selling cor'.l ,,ould be gla.d to furnish tho Lion's Club with u list of tho stdoe ::tnd tho to\"ms ,-,horo ouch of thorn ship, so thnt such c. system of o.dv:ortising O['.y. bo innugurC'.ted. Thore nro clso mcny C'.uto touriGts who p~ss through our �- 12 city. Literature on the splendid qualities of Rock Springs coal should bu distri- buted to thorn. A smn ll cnsc with s r.mplcs of Rock Springs co~l k e:pt r,t tho cc.mp f grounds might nssist, with n ~upply of udv ortising mntorin l ~cccssiblo. A lnrgo ·sign, illuminutcd o.t night, pl ncod in u conspicuous locQti~n thut j 'l might be roc.d from tho trnins tellin~ of tho spl endid quc.litias of Rock Springs coc.l, I run sure, would bo of benefit. These nrc only n fow s·ugg ost ions. her e I t'..m sure could develop m:my othe rs. Others It w:1s note d on n. r,econt trip ov e r the Short Linc into the Northwest tho.t Utnh coc. l v1c.s ext ensively ~dvcrtisod _by co nl dec.l ors . None, however, vms noted for \'!yoming coc.l. Hero, it se ems to me:, is ::m opportunity for commerci a l udvcrtising. Thirty-five slides were then shown of tho mechc.nic rtl lee.ding operations of The Union Pncific Coal Company. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mechanization of Coal Mines and What It Will Do for Itself and the Country Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Subject The topic of the resource The essay covers how machinery can benefit the production and efficiency of mines. Description An account of the resource 11" x 8.5" multi-page document held with a paper clip. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0072 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.