https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1c768b70db51661dea0b884502a63e30.pdf 4d6c8e6966849298583209f8fa6faca9 PDF Text Text 0 TIEID l_ 68th Year, No. 16 A ugust 15, 1957" T wice a Month Q -~ ·~:½~:..:.. :,;;~-~;~~.e·..' ~ t:.:::====:::.-:i£rl...,,_;.::_;;,,.£);::.,·~"'-.:._-.!_, .::~~~~--~: ... ~ ·~~:·.:". \ ~-~~~~~~~;~ i::iiiiliiliil!!~~---~ ~"<:::®:I- '\)~ 1 �c 2 U1iited Mine Workers J ournai irk irs of !lalli:N L LEWIS President "°" d l\l~e Worll:~rs• Building Wnshington 5, D. C. JOHN OWENS, Secretary-Treasurer United l\line Workers' Builcllng Wash;ington 5, D. C, TH Ol\iAS KENNEDY, Vice President United l\line Workers' Building \Vashington 5, D. O. DISTRICT SECRETARY-TREASURER INTERNATIONAL EXECUTIVE BOARD l\IEl\IBERS DISTRICT PRESID~ N~ ;::---rict 1 . - - JOHN KMETZ, 165 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre, p.,._a_ _ _ __ _ ~rict 2___ JOHN GHIZZONI, 521 W. Horner St., Ebensburg, Pa _ _ _ _ _ __ trict 3 ..- - AUGUST J. LIPPI, 165 S.· Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa _ _ _ __ JOHN GHIZZONI, 521 W. Horner St., Ebensburg, Pa. _ _ _ _ __ EWING WATT, 106 W. Otterman St., Greensburg, Pa ____•_ _ __ WILLIAM HYNES, Gallatin Natl. Bank Bldg., Uniontown, Pa ..·--····- ·JOHN P. BUSARELLO, 938 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh 22, Pa. _ _ __ ADOLPH .PACIFICO, Room 702, 85 E. Gay St., Columbus, Ohio _ __ MARTIN F. BRENNAN, 204 United Mine Workers' Bldg., Hazleton, Pa. ELIAS DAYHUFF, Coal City, Ind,.__ I ===:::;trict 4 - - WILLIAJVI HYNES, Gallatin Natl. Bank Bldg., Uniontown, Pa.·-·-····-·-· ,.._strict 5_ _ JOSEPH YABLONSKI, Clarksville, Pa. - -- - - -- - - - - - """istrict 6..:_ ·_ PETER PIIlLLIPPI, Box 194: Cadiz, Ohio - __•_ __ __ _ _ _ __ Oistrict 7.- - DAVID J. STEVENS, Lansford, Pa. :::>istrict s__ _ WILBERT KILLION, Brazil, ma. __ 0 merec DAVID CUMMINGS, 165 S. F ra nklin St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. EDWARD SWEENEY, 521 W . Horner St., Ebensburg, Pa. EWING WATT, 106 W. Otterman St., Greensburg, Pa. MICHAEL HONUS, Gallatin N atl. Bank Bldg., Uniontown, Pa. JOHN SEDDON, 938 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh 22, Pa. RONALD 0. OWENS, Room 702, 85 E. Gay St., Columbus, Ohio DAVID J. STEVENS, 200 United Mine Workers' Bldg., H azleton, P a . ARTHUR LINTON, Route 5, Brazil, Ind. JOSEPH KERSHETSKY, 508 Dime Trust and Safe Deposit Co. Bldg. Shamokin, Pa. SAM NICHOLLS, Box 299, Renton, Wash. RALPH DAY, 301 N. Eighth S t ., Terre Haute, Ind. EDWARD GIBBONS, United Mine Workers' Bldg.,. Springfield, Ill. FRANK D. WILSON, United Mine Workers' Bldg., Albiaj Iowa HENRY ALLAI, Box 436, 317 Pro fessional Bldg., P ittsburg, Kans. FRED HEFFERLY, 210 Wilda Bldg. 1441 Welton Street, Denver 2, Colo JOSEPH KERSHETSKY, 508 Dime Trust and Safe Deposit Co. Bldg., Shamokin, Pa. _ _ _ __ ___ _ SAM NICHOLLS, Box 299, Renton, District lQ_ _ SAM NICHOLLS, Box 299, Renton, Wash. Wash. District 11-- LOUIS AUSTIN, 2504 N. 13th Street, ERNEST GOAD, 301 N. Eighth St., Terre Haute, Inrl,..__ _ __ _ _ Terre Haute, Ind. - - -- - - District 12_ _ JOSEPH SHANNON, 212 S. 18th St., HUGH WHITE, United Mine Workers' Bldg., Springfield, Ill. _ __ Herrin, Ill. District 13_ _ FRANK p. WILSON, 1305 S. Main FRANK D. 'WILSON, United Mine Workers' Bldg., Albia, Iowa. ..._ .__ St.. Albia, Iowa - - - - - - District 14__ HENRY ALLAI, Box 436,317 Profes- HENRY ALLA!. Box 436, 317 Professional Bldg., Pittsburg, Kans,---~----· sional Bldg., Pittsburg, Kans•- · --· _District 15__ FRANK HEFEERLY, 210 Wilda FRANK HEFFERLY, 210 Wilda Bldg., 1441 Welton Street, Denver Bldg., 1441 Welton Street, Denver 2, Colo. • 2, Colo. District 16__ JOHN L. MAYO, 35 Clark-Keating JOHN L . MAYO, 35 Clark-Keating JOHN L. MAYO, 35 OClark-Keating Bldg., Cumberland, Md. - - -~ Bldg., Cumberland, Md. Bldg., Cumberland, Md. - - - R. 0 . LEWIS, Box 1313, Char1eston, District 17- .. R. 0. LEWIS, Box 1313, Charleston, R. R. HU1\'1PHREYS, Box 1313 Charleston. W. Va. W. Va. - -- - - -- -- W. Va. - - - - - - - -- District 18__ ROBERT LIVETI, 102-103 P. ·B urns ROBERT LIVETT, 102-103 P. Burns EIDWARD BOYD, 102-103 P. Burns Bldg., Calgary, Alberta, Canada.____ Bldg., Calgary, Alberta, Canada....Bldg., Calgary, Alberta, Canada. District .19_ _ _ JAMES W. RIDINGS, Box 521, Mid- JAMES W. RIDINGS, Acting Presi- l\LBERT PASS, United Mine Work dent, Box 521, Middlesboro, Ky. _ _ ers' Bldg., 210 N. 20th St., Middles dlesboro, Ky. ·- - - - - - - boro, Ky. District 2Q__ WILLIAM MITCH, 517-522 Comer, WILLIAM MITCH, 517-522 Comer Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. _ __ _ Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. - - -District 21.__ DAVID FOWLER, 415 Metropolitan DAVID FOWLER, 415 Metropolitan Bldg., Muskogee, Okla. _ _ __ Bldg., Muskogee, Okla. - - -- District 22.__ MALIO PECORELLI, 428 Railroad ARTHUR BIGGS, North Side State J. Utah E. BRINLEY, P._ 0._ Box 272, Price, _ __ _ __ __ _ Ave., Helper, Utah_ _ _ _ __ Bank Bldg., Rooms 318-21, Rock Springs, Wyo. District 23-- ED J. MORGAN, Madisonville, Ky,__ _ ED J. MORGAN, Madisonville, Ky._ JESS LOVELACE, Box 552, Madi sonville, Ky. District 26__ JOHN H. DELANEY, 340 King Ed- THOMAS McLACHLAN, McDonnell MICHAEL HIGGINS, Box 45, Mc ward St., Glace Bay, N. S., Canada Donnell Bldg., Glace Bay; N. S . Bldg., Glace Bay, N. S:, Canada_. Canada District 27__ W. A. BOYLE, Box 1257, Billings, R. J. BOYLE, Box 1257, Billings, R. J. BOYLE, Box 1257, Billings, Mont. Mont. Mont. District 28__ CARSON HIBBITTS, Box 311, Nor- CARSON HIBBITTS, Box 311, Nor- · CARSON HIBBITTS, Box 311, Norton, Va. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ton, Va. • ton, Va. - - -- -- - - - - J. CARL BUNCH, Secretary-Treas District 29 ___ _ GEORGE J. TITLER, Chilson, Ave. GEORGE J. TITLER, Chilson Ave. urer, Box 511, Beckley, W. Va. at Raleigh Rd., Box 511, Beckley, at Raleigh Rd., Box 511, Beckley, W. Va. - - - - - - , - .,,.: - - - - - W. Va. - - -- - - - -- - SAMUEL H. CADDY, 1408 First District 3Q __ SAMUEL CADDY, 1408 First· Natl. Natl. Bank Bldg., Lexington, Ky. Bank Bldg., Lexington, Ky. --- - District 3L_ CECIL J. URBANIA:K, Box 312, CECIL J. URBANIAK, Box 312, L. CLYDE RILEY, Box 312, Fairmont, W. Va. Fairmont, W. Va. _ _ _ __ _ Fairmont, W. Va. - - -- - 0. B. ALLEN, l,435 K St., N.W District SQ__ A. D. LEWIS, United Mine Workers' A. D. LEWIS, United Mine Workers' Washington 5, D. C. Bldg., Washington 5, D. ·C - - Bldg., Washington 5, D. C'va--- !!District 9_ _ JOHN J. MATES, 125 Tunnel St., Williamstown, Pa _ __ _ _ __ '.. INTERNATIONAL AUDITORS V. WOODS, Norton, Va. UJ]jton, Pa. INTER:NATIONAL ':!'ELLERS JOSEPH WOODS, Scranton, Pa. CLYDE W. RUNIONS, Lochgelly, W. Va. UNITED MINE WORKERS JOURNAL JUSTIN McCARTHY, Editor REX LAUCK, Ass'lstant Editor 1437 K Street, N. W. Washington 5, D. C. �ec,al A,·ea Represen-;-atives ' Thanks to the votes of coal area Congressmen-Dem:ratic and Republican-the House of Representatives on rngust 9 defeated legislation to force Federal construehon and operation of atomic energy plants to produce ---.:;nectr icity for commercial purposes. The action was a victory for adrnipistration forces. ~t str ipped from the 1958 Atomic Energy Commission a ut horization bill a Democratic program calling for the oexrpenditure of $55 million to build such nuclear reactors. "The administration pr ogr am calfs for private construction of atomic power plants with ~ome assistance from t he government . ~ ~ I This Is A Brainy Story ; Sen. Robert S . Kerr (D., Okla.) seems to be quite pleased with himself for saying that President Eisenhower doesn't have any brains. He · now says that nothing he has said before has provoked such ·widespread and enthusiastic public response. "The reactions by telephone, telegram and letters have definitely reinforced my convictions against aclministr;ition fiscal policies," Kerr stated. In an exchange on the Senate floor with Sen. Homer ,Capehart (R., Ind.), Kerr said: · "No man can help Eisenhower study the fiscal policies of this government, because one cannot do that without brains, -and he does not ha\"e them." Robert E . Ho we, director, Labor's Non-Partisan League, paid specia l honor to the coal area Congressmen who, he said, "stood u p agains t a barrage of criticism and pressure from their colleagues and the Democratic l eadership." came out belatedly in favor of the Senate bill on August 13, apHowe called the Democratic "crash" construction program a . parently realizing that the position of the UMWA and the railplan to do furth er injury to t he coal industry. He said the Demoroad brotherhoods in support of the Senate bill was correct. cr atic proposal was "purely political legisla~ion." Basically, the continuing struggle in the House is between "Democrats from coal a r eas provided the necessary votes to the Democratic and Republican leadership. Rayburn wants the defeat t his extravagant and unnecessary measure," Howe said. H'ouse to accept the bill in substantially the form it was passed "The coal miners owe a deot of gratitude to these Congressmen." by the Senate. House Republican Leader Joseph Martin of The Democratic R epresentatives who defied their party lead- Massachusetts thinks the legislation should be killed rather than ership on thi~ issue are: • accept the Senate's version. Cleveland Bailey, Robert Byrd, l\'lrs. Elizabeth Kee, Harley O. The civil rights bill has also gotten entangled in the battle tagger s, all of West Virginia; Carl Perkins and Willinn:t Natcher over foreign aid spending. Some House Democrats • are reof Kent ucky; Frank Clark, Daniel Flood, Thomas .Morgan, Fran.._ ported to have suggested they might vote for higher foreign aid cis Walter, all of Pennsylvania; Winfield K. Denton of Indiana; spending-favored by the President-if Republicans would support n:cnneth J. Gra'y of Illinois, and W. Pat Jennings of Virginia. the Senate's version of the civil rights bill. The idea was quickly R epublican Representa! ives fi:om coal. mining districts who rejected by· the Republican leader in the Senate, Sen. William led the fight against the "crash" progr~ are · John P. Saylor, F. Knowland. Ivor D. Fenton, James E. Van Zandt, all of Pennsylvania; WilThe President has been putting the "heat" on Congressmen liam G. Bray of Indiana, and Arch Moore of \Vest Virginia. to prevent furt1'er cuts in his nearly S4 billion foreign aid proThe legislation, as approyed by the House, provides $336,- gram. He has urged Congress not to cut the program below 851,000 for the AEC-minus the $5!5 million to build pow~r $3.4 billion. • plants. The -0nly feature of the Democratic program left intact was Senate Approves Foreign Aid a $3 million authorization for design work on a large-scale reThe Senate, on August 13, voted in favor of the $3.4 billion foractor ·t o produce plutonium for w.eapons and possibly for useful eign aid program. This is the authorization bill that had been heat. . worked out by -a conference committee of the House and Senate. What action the Senate will take is a question. But if it • It provides about $500 million less than the President requested. restores the Democrats' "crash" program the legislation could ~ouse approval of the $3.4 billion bill was expected. With House die in c·o nference or be vetoed by President Eisenhower. approval the bill ·will go to the White House for the Pi·esident's It is now predicted that Congress will adjourn by Septem- signature. ber 1. . There will then be another battle over the question of actually The principal issue that is holding up things now is the de- appropriating the money · as proposed in the authorization bill. bate in the House of Representatives on the Senate's civil rights There are predictions that further cuts in the program will be bill. ( Read editorial on Page J 0.) made in the appropriations bill. The bill approved by the Senate provides $1.6 billion in military The proposed legislation is still a political football. Republi- aid to friendly nations, $700 million in economic aid to bolster alth str cans in 'the House are arguing that ey want a " onger•: bill lieu armed s~ngth, $517 million in technical assistance and.othe~ -knowing full well that if the Senate's jury trial amendment special programs. It also makes a start on placing economic::=:::l is removed the legislation will die in a filibu ster by Se.n ate Dix- aid on a loqg-range loan basis by creating a loan fund with au iecrats. House Southern Democrats are arguing th at th ey "can- thority to make loans for the next two years. not" vote for any eivil rights legislation. The Coal Research Subcommittee of the House Interior an Efforts to break the deadlock failed on August 13. An at- Insular Affairs Committee was still haggling over the Inngua~ tempt was made to send the bill to a conference comm~ttee of ~ to be used in a report prepared by subcommittee staff personn~ the .two Houses but this requires unanimous consent which was Rep. Saylor, who initiated the program, told the Journal not obtained. An effort also was made to send the bill back to subcommittee ,vas arguing over proposed recommendations E:::j the Senate ,vith a so-called comp_romise amendment that would carrying out what he hopes will be a sweeping research and = - - - i have limited the jury trial provision to voting rights cases only. velopment program for both the bituminous coal and anthra This was blocked also. industries. The legis.lation ·was referred to the ;I'Iouse Rules Committee The Harris Natural Gas Bill, which is opposed by the following ··the effor~· to -get some direct action on it. The com- industry and the UMWA, appears to have been success[ mittce is sharply divided on the ma~ter. Another roadblock is shelved for this session of the 85th Congress. Supporters of the fact that the all-powerful Rules Committee is headed by Rep. legislation, which would free the gas industry from all Fe Howard Smith (Dixiecrat, Va.) who doesn't want any civil rights . control, apparently have decided they don't have the votes u·_ __j leg islation. However, if House Speaker ·sam Rayburn (D., Tex.) House to get the bill approved. By putting a vote over unt· can bring enough pressure to bea17 it is believed the Senate ver"'--~-slon_o second session in January, the bill's supporters \Vill afford th - - - ' h bill.has a.~c-~h=an '""=c'--""-'o=f,._.__a""s::.:s:.::;a"'gc;;e..;..- - ~ - - ~ --~ - ~- ~~ur _ a..,.l.,,s;~a--s 2~~b;',.:~1!:al, mon~ to _"work" ,?n oppon~nts. �u nuea 1v1 n i l! w orllers_Journal Augusfl 15, 195,,_,,_, r5J unfair competition from the gas industry. The industry has source which New York has." Harriman also noted t hat with been dumpin,g gas at cut-rate price:> into coal's m~rkets, whe:·e it is modern equipment power can be produced from coal in Pennsylbeing used as boiler fuel. The industry also 1~ conductmg an vania at a lower cost than power tra nsmi tted from t he Niaga;. 1 all-out drive to bring Canadian natural gas into coal m arkets. River. _ . -~ i On this latter point, Rep. George Huddleston, Jr., (D., Ala.) There will be no action on the tax front in this sess ion of said on August 14 •that the Canadian gas importation would bring Congress as far as working people are concerned. The H ouse widespread unemployment tq coal miners, impair the national did clear a ta,x reduction bill on the night club tax- cutting it security and subject gas consumers to prices set by foreign pro- from 20 percent to 10 percent. Supporters sa id th is would be a ducers and transporters. boon to jobless musicians. He noted that the U.i\iWA has "unselfishlv accept ed" me_chanMeanwhile, House Demorrats agreed .to consider incom e tax ization' in the coal industry and added : "To a sk tJ1cse hard- cuts at the next session of Congress. Next year is an elect ion working Americani:; t-0 sacrifice jobs unnecessarilr by bringing year for all House members and a t hird of the Senate so it is to this country a fuel that is not needed would be cruel and in- obviously politically expedient to talk about tax cuts as close sufferable.'' to election time as possible. That the administration's half-hearted effort t o get the interThe Senate has passed and sent to the House a bill that would national oil cartel to restrict foreign oil imports is faili~1g is in- sharply limit the fast corporation tax writeoff program for t he dicated by the flat refusal of some major companies to go a long next two and cihe-half years and then ki ll it entirely. In t he with the program. past seven. years of t his program, thousands of rapid amortiza tion But ·the administrator of this so-called pr ogram , Navy Ca pt. certificates have been issued covering $23 billion wor th of new M. V. Carson, Jr., is still viewing the sit uation thr ough roseplant and equipment . Under this pro-big-business program part of colored glasses. He thinks it will work. the cost of new fa cilities judged essential for defense would be Proposals for depressed areas legisla tion wil! not be a cted on wr itten off· against Federal taxes in five years instead of the in this session. But hearings on pending bills are being set for usual 20 years. the second session. \ Any restrictive legislation against welfare funds appears to The Senate, ·on August 9, passed and sent to t he House t he dis- have been shelved in this session of Congress. H oweYer, it is exputed bill to permit .the Tennessee Valley Authorit y to issue pected that the McClellan so-called rackets investigation com $750 million in revenue bonds to expand its coal-lmr ning power mittee , will include restrictive proposals on welfar e funds in any facilities. One important item in the bill requires TVA to pay the legislation it proposes in the next session of Congress. Treasury Department at least $10 million annually to r~duce the appropriations investment in the a gency. Re presenta tives II»on't W an~ 'l!))osd~sl811'<a 9 Meanwhile, another vacancy has occw·red on the TVA board The House of Representatives, which has been busy chopping of directors due to the death on. August 7 of Dr. Raymond Ross Paty. His death leaves only one active member on the three-man the administration's budget, balked recently at the idea of a cboard, retired Gen. Herbert D. Vogel. Arnold R. . Jones, who counting for the traveling e>qienses of its own m embers. The proposal to require Representatives t o account for t heir has been assistant director of the budget, has been nominated by the President to fill the vacancy left by retirement of Dr. Harry spending of foreign currencies while a broad was embodied in a n amendment to the foreign aid bill. It was defeated by a s tanding A. Curtis. But the -Senate has yet to confirm.- the nomination. • The Senate, on August 12, defeated a silly proposal by Sen. vote of 148 to 86. Effect of the amendment would have qeen t o requir e comJoseph S. Clark, Jr., (D., Pa.) to bring hydroelectric power from mittees using counterpart funds to budget such m oney t he same the Niagara River power project into Pennsylvania and 9hio. For some mysterious reason Clark contended that sending as other money when seeking their annual appropriations from Niagara po,ver into Pennsylvania would hf!lp the coal industry. the House contingent fund. No recor ds now are kept, or at least not available for publJc scr utiny, on spending of foreign i unds He argued that by taking the hydroelectric power away from are by traveling legislators. New York state--where it is sorely needed-New York would It might also be ·noted that the House Labor Committee is have to use more Pennsylvania .coal to make up the difference. Clark said this was "a matter of simple arithmetic." It apparently - seriously considering legislation to force de.taile_d disclosure of d id not occur to him that the reverse alsu is a matter of simple welfare fund expenditures. arithmetic. If more hydroelectric power is brought into Pennsylvania and Ohio it is quite obvious that those states will use U. 5. Corporations Have $1 06 Billion ~ less coal to produce electricity. ' The ~ecurities and Exchange Commission r eports that net Gov. Averell Harriman of New York earlier had rejected an working capital of Amer ican corporations on March 31 was .$106 appeal by Clark for support for the Clark amendment. Harriman, billion, a rise of $1.6 billion during the first quarter of 1957. Corwith considerable logic, told Clark in a telegram that Penn- porations reduced their holdings of cash and government securisylvania "is fortunate in having a rich natural resource in the ties by $3.4 billion during the first three months of the year to a form of coal while water is the only power-'produ9ng natural re- total of $49.9 billion. \,,:;~ I COAL COl\li'~TTEE- This is the coal research committee of the House of Representatives which is expected to report to the House in ~he nea.r future on results of cross-country hearings on the coal research bill held eu.rlier this year. Seated (left to right) are John P. Saylor (R., Pa.), author of the resolution authorizing the study; Ed Edmondson (D., Okla.), chairman; and Wayne N. Aspinall <»-, Colo.). Standing nre J. Edgar Ohenoweth (R,, Colo,), William A. Dawson (R., Utah), Stuart L. Udall (D., Arlz.), Olm Engle (D., Oallf.), and Lee Metcnlf (D., Mont.). �A Note Of Thanks To The Journal Albert T . Allen of Los Angeles · writes to ~xpress his anks to t he Journal for the articles printed concerning President John .L. L ewis' statements _to the Senate and House Labor Committees on the question of proposed wel· fare fu nd l egisla tion. Alien, who is 75, is a member of L ocal Union 2971, District 6. "Readin g t he s tatements," Allen writes, "we thought of what a difficult pos it ion Mr. Lewis faced. We thought of what a great r esponsibility he had to protect lc,J.bor's welfa re fu nds- not just for his own UMWA but for all labor. in general." Alien noted that many of the Senators and Repr esentatives are tra ined lawyers "with their m inc(s made up to create more laws to meddle with welfare funds." He said Lewi was con fronted with "many veiled questions and it is amazing how h e was so successfully able to answer them to t he ex ten t that m a ny of the Congressmen agreed there was no need fo r more laws. " It is some ambassador we have in President Lewis and our rank a nd fil e should appreciate what a ment;u giant we ha ve in our great leader." UMWA To Held Scores Of Rallies To Ce'lebrate Labor Day, 1957 UMWA Labor Day celebrations will be bigger and better than ever this September 2, according to advance information recei\'ed by the Journal from District and Local Union officials. Virtually.all Districts have scheduled festivities of one sort or anot her, and many Local Unions will stage smaller ral1ies. of their own. Typical are the big ones being staged in Districts 28 and 30. District 28 President Carson Hibbitts says that a big rally will be staged at Norton, Va., with Special International Representative Paul K. Reed the principal •speaker. A parade will precede a large variety show, a beauty contest with the contestants sponsored by District 28 Local Unions, and presentation of prizes to Local Unions with the best att endance. Chairman B. B. Bloomer, Co-chairman Matt Combs and Secretary Noble Hobbs of the District 30.Labor _Day Celebration Committee forwarded a "dodger" to the Journal announcing that the District 30 rally will feature · Sam Caddy, Jr., Secretary- Treasurer of District 30, as principal _speaker. There will be gate prizes of a 1957 Oldsmobile, a Browning automatic shotgun and fishing rod and reel, plus hillbilly and gospel singers, aerialists performing beneath a helicopter, clowns and a variety show. Other Districts and Local Unions also ar e going all-out to make L abor Day, 1957, a memorable day. Ali rallies feature speeches. Many will have parades and picnics. All w ill be held a~~ []={]a~i®~ !%@a~ ~©J~te$ i1o1: in the spirit that this is labor's day to relax, get together and cement the ' ideals that make America's labor movement the ~@@~ !fil@@~◊ 0$ ~ ~@Inl'u' A Y@ira greatest on ear th. • Typical, perhaps, is District 31 _where Northern West Virginia Ra ilroad freigh t ra tes were boosted again last week by the Interstate Commerce Commission and, as usual, the already too- miners are joining with other organizations of labor to stage a rally in Morgantown: A huge parade will be a feature--and so w ill high r at es on bituminous coal were r a ised even higher. i The genera l increases on freight rat es were 7 percent to the UMWA pensioners, who will distribute a new leaflet in their Eastern and W est ern r a ilroads and 4 percent to Southern carriers campaign against the Monongahela Power Co.'s non-union coala bove "temporary" hik es already granted by the I c;c. The rail- buying policy. UMJV A Safety Director Charles Ferguson and District President Cecil J. Urbaniak will be the featured speakroads had sough t even higher tariffs. "Hold-down" provisions were . applied to several commodities, ers at a celebration of Local Union 40/7 in Grant Town, among t hem soft coal, which was "held-down" to a maximum in- W. ·Va., where more than 1,000 miners are expected to be present. crease of 15 cents a ton over-all . The new increases amount to Other Lo~al Unions in District 31 will also stage their own rallies. Many other Districts also plan large rallies. Among them are: 5 cen ts on rail, 5 cents to tidewater and 3 cents and 2 cents on rail-water -ra il movements. An over-all increase of 7 cents a ton • District 11, Petersburg, Ind., where iJfichael F. Widman, Jr., will be put into effect on shipments of lignite. • assistant to l!MWA President John L. Lewis, will be the principal The r a ilroads have long been fighting a losing battle against speaker; t raffic declines by r a ising r ates. This pattern has been followed • • District 12, Marion, ru., where Louis Austin, International by all carriers since World War II until the present rate case Executive Board Member for District 11, will be the principal when the Southern Railway announced that it• would not partici- speaker; pate in the request for freight rate boosts but would instead • District 17, two rallies. One at Whitesville, \V. Va., will seek ways to keep its old customers and capture n·ew .ones at the feature Joseph Shannon, International Executit-e Board !,/ember then existing rate levels. When the ICC's decision was made pub- for District 12, as principal speaker. The other, a t Smithers, W. lic, the Southern stuck to its guns. It has raised rates on a few , Va., will feature a speech by Wilbert /(illion, International Execucommodit ies, but has published a long list of it ems on which rates - tive Board 1"/ember for District 8; will not be increased. The Southern's competitors in ·the South 1 • District 19, Monterey, Tenn., features as principal speaker have been forced to follow suit. Unfortunately, the Southern did Henry Allai, International Executive Board Member and President decide to follow along on the 5-cent-a-ton coal boost. of District 14; Other lines should have thought twice before submitting their • District 21, Henryetta, Okla., principal speaker, William most recent r equest for a r aise. In arguing against the boost on JJlitch, International Board lflember and Preside11t of District 20; coal, the National Coal Association told the ICC: • District 22, Price, Utah, principal speaker, John Kmetz, "(a) Since the war, freight rates on bituminous coal have International Board ill ember for District.I; been increased more than have rates on all other freight and • District 29, Pineville, W. Va., where District S. International on all freight groups except one; (b) these rate increases. have Board JJlember Joseph Yablonski and District 29 President George played a significant role in ~oal's declining share of the energy .J. Titler will speak. market and have been instr umental in the loss of considerable railroad coal traffic to competing transportation age:~cies and methods; and · ( c) coal traffic is profitable and handling costs do not justify higher rates." Raih·oads now ·carry less than half of the nation's inter-city freight tonnage. ·In 1930 they hauled more than 75 percent. CONFffil\lED - Charles R. More and more shippers are seeking other modes of transporFerguson's nontlna tion for a tation because of increased rail rates. ne,v three-year term as a Enlightened leaders of the coal industry are capturing new member of the Federal Coal markets and holding old ones by shifting from railroads to coml\line Safety Boa rd •of R e,·iew peting forms of transportation. For instance, the West Kentucky hns been confirmed by the SenCoal .Co. has opened up a market in Florida for st~am coal by ato. The Ul\lWA snfety direc'pushing barges down the Mississippi River and hauling them by tor is now scn·ing h is third tug across the Gulf of Mexico to Tampa where the _Tampa Electenn on the board, which was t ric co. has converted from oil to coal on the bas1~ of cheaply set up in 1952 under the F edproduced, cheaply shipped coal. Pitt~bur_g_l.t <;ons?l1dati?n Coal eral Coal l\llnc SnfC'ty Act. Co. is moving coal through_ a 100-mile p1pelme m Oh10. And so it goes, and so it will continue to go ~ long as the nation's railroads co~ntinue to att~mpt to solve their fiscal problems by raising freight rates. ~ ~ <9J as �Don't Look Now, But The Cost Of Living Is Up Once Again;. Other Economic otes This is probably as neWS\vorthy as reporting that a dog has bitten a man but the cost of living has gone up agajn. The Federal government's index_bounced up another .5 of 1 percent in June to its tenth record high in as many months. The increase, reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, now stands at 1,20.2 percent of the 1947-49 average, which is ·used as the base period. Food prices jumped 1.4 percent from May to June. All other prices measured by the BLS also rose. This June the index stood 3.4 ·percent higher than in June, 1956, and 4.8 percent higher than in March, 1956-the t akeoff point for an almost continuous increase ever since. BLS predicted that the July index will show another increase because of boosts in the prices of fresh fruits and vegetables. In the Senate, Sen. Albert Gore (D., Tenn.) charged t hat a dministration money policies were responsible for the continued rise. He said the principal cause is administration act ion in "pushing interest rates higher and higher, and faster and faster." Other notes ·of interest on the U.S. economy: Secretary of Commerce Sinclair Weeks predicted that 1957 will wind up as "the best year ever in the history of our economy" although "spotty" conditions persist in several industries. He said th& total output of goods and services ("gross national product") reached the record annual rate of $431 billion in the first half of the year, up 6 percent from first-half 1956. ' Weeks said gove~ent spending . is a factor in increasing living costs and must be controlled. He also said prices and wag~s are chasing each other, and that is not healthy. 67 .2 MIiiion Have Jobs On the employment front summer jobs for young persons and on farms boosted total civilian employment to 67.2 million in July. This is an increase of 700,000 workers over the June total . . Some moderate job reductions were reported among adult workers in the educational services and manufacturing, which the government says is normal for July. Unemployment for the month was three million, a drop of 300,000 in the total jobless figure. • Employment of non-farm workers, including domestics, the self-employed and unpaid family workers, was up one-half million for a total of 59.4 million. Plant vacation shutdowns accounted for a drop of 300,000 in non-farm employes to a total of 52.6 million. Factory jobs dropped 180,000 to 16.7 million, more than the usual seasonal slump. One of the largest cuts was in the automobile industry. The factory work week--39.9 hours in July-was one-tenth of an hour below the' June level and two-tenths below a year ·ago. Average weekly earnings of factory production workers increased ~ cents to a total of $82.99. State insured joblessness, which does not include student job seekers, reached nearly· 1.4 million, a jump of 90,000 during the month. • The Commerce Department, meanwhile, reported an increase in June cash dividends paid out to stockholders of corporations. The increase totaled $1,679,000,000-up 3.5 percent from June, 1956. Senator Estes Kefauver (D., Tenn.) is heading a subcommittee looking into the problem of "administered price" boosts by huge monopolistic corporations. The corporations are attempting to counter the probe by blaming organized labor for price boosts. An example of what the Senator feels is an administered price boost is the recent increase of $6 a ton in steel prices, despite lowered market demands for steel that should, normally, induce lower prices. • The staff of the subcommittee reported that in 1954, 200 top manufacturing corporations accounted for 37 percent of the total dollar value added by manufacturing. This represented a seven point jwnp over 1947 figures. Several hearings on monopoly price increases are scheduled for August with business, farm and labor organizations expected to present their views. A new study by labor economists shows that wages have Social Security Disability 'Freeze' Deadline Extended To July 1, 1958 Disabled workers 50 or more years old who want to receive Social_ S~curity benefits now have until J uly 1, 1958, t? file apphcabon for the disability "freeze" to protect their nghts t<;> old-age,_ survivors, or disability insurance, according t o the Social Secw·1ty Administration. Previously t he law set a deadline of June 30 this year. The freeze is for the purpose of having the worker's r ecord f~ozen t? ~rot:ct his future right to disability paymen ts and :ilso his fanuly s rights to old-age and survivors insurance benefits. !he "~reez~~ p_r:vents those years during which a severe and mdefimte d1sab1hty keeps a person out of work from counting against him on eligibility for benefits or on the amount of his 0 benefits. Until the recent change in the law, a period of d 'sabili ty could not be determined to have begun earlier tha n 12 months before application for the "freeze" unless the applica tion has been made ~efore June 30, 1_957. For this reason, a disabled person who failed to make claun before -the end of Jun e and who had become disabled before January 1, 1955, would have lost his right to have his Social Security record frozen because he could not possibly meet the work requirements·. And without the "freeze" he might have lost future rights because at the time he died or became 65 he might not have had the required work credit. The law as now amended gives those who were disabled pr ior to January 1, 1955, until June 30 1958 to file applica tion for the disability "freeze." . ' .' Another amendment .provides that disabled veterans' S ocial Secu_i:ity benefits will not be reduced because of compensation received from the Veterans Administration for service-connected disability. • • Rep. Carl D. Perkins (D., Ky.) and Rep. Elizabeth Kee (D., W. ·Va.) are trying tQ get Congress to make the same provision for all disabled workers. - "They Are America" Exhibit Ope!iis M<;>re than ~O outstanding and -prize-winning photographs of American workingmen and women are currently on display in the "They Are America" exhibit of the U. S. Labor Department. Under ~e_cr1:tary of Labor James T. O'Connell officially opened the exh1b1t m the Labor Department building for public viewing. Among embassy -labor • attaches at the opening was Patrick Co11roy of Canada, a former vice president of U ilfWA District I 8. Coincidental with the exhibit, the department issued a report under the same title and written in a popular style which discusses . major problems facing American workers in the next decade and describes the department's role in helping to solve those problems. _ "They Are America" discusses: The ski~ P:<>blem in America; with - improving technology and expanding industry comes an ever-increasing need for skilled workers; The plight of the older worker-over 45 years of age--and what the Department of Labor is doing t.o help; Discrimination in employment and efforts to eliminate it· Training needs of youth, tomorrow's skilled craftsmen; ' The social programs which are built into our society to provide protection and security for those in need; . . The safety and health standards developed and fo§.tered by the Labor Department; , Law enforcement to protect the worker, the fair employer, and the p~blic; Foreign exchange programs of the Labor Department, and participation in the International Labor Organization; And the economic state of the nation. The book can be purchased from the Superintendent of DocUl'l'.lents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. It. is (?O cents a copy, • lagged behind prices for the last ten years and are still trying to catch up. The study uses Federal government figures to prove its case against the corporate propaganda that labor ls responsible for price increases. A BLS report shows that labor costs in the 194756 period were lower than price rises for every year prior to 1956. - �August 15, 1057 dgew ter, Go . ~e ti111e8$ f a United iv.line Workers ·Journal D ones - • . ID hies Top coal-division honors in the 1956 National Safety Competition -have been awarded to Edgewater Mine, Tennessee Coal & Iron Division of U. S. Steel Corp., Wylam, Ala., and Goodspring Mine, Penag Coal Co., Goodspring, Pa., the U. S. Bureau of Mines announced. / Edgewater mine, near Birmingham, won the "Sentinels of Safety" trophy for bituminous mines by operating 766,644 manhours last year without a disabling injury. This is the first time in 12 years of participation that the mine has taken top honors. It was the scene of a major disaster' in 1948 when a gas explosion, which occurred during the sinking of a new. opening, cla imed the lives of 11 mine workers. Goodsprjng mine, located in Schuy~kill County, Pa., won the ant hraci te-division trophy for operating 106,162 man-hours with 14 d:c;abling injuries, ca using a total of 98 days of lost time. An injury-severity r a te of 0.923 day lost per thousand m~m-hours of e.Kposure to haza rd- the lowest of its group--earned the colliery i ts fi rst trophy awar d in the seven years it has taken part in the compe ti t ion . T)1e mine received honorable mention for second place in 1951, and for third place in 1950 and 1955. Trophies · are awarded on the basis of the lowest injury severity rate in each group. Where a number of mines operate without a disabling injury for an entire year, the top award goes to t he disability-free operation with the greatest number of manhour s of exposure. • Bituminous Mines Set Record Low Injury Rate Removal Of Too Much Coal Fi-om Pillar's Caused ,Ohio Cave-In Which 5 Survived The cave-in that held five men prisoner for 14 hours, June 26. in the Powhatan Mining Co.'s Betsy No. 3 Mine, St. Clairsville, Ohio, was "caused by removing too much coal in first mining which resulted fn a sudden squeeze" (bending or facturing of overburden), according to the U. S. Bureau of Mines. The mine 'is unger the jurisdiction of Local Union 7Jt/9, District 6. Tn its final- report -on the cave-in, the Bureau said the "amount of coal taken from the pillars as the places were advanced was in excess of the company's projected plan of mining.'' It was brought out in the investigation that the plan of mining had not been followed, and "total extractiou was in excess of that shown on the (mine) map." • The only area of the mine. accessib_le for investigation was betwj:!en the face of No. 8 working place and a point . 45 feet distant where the fall broke off. It was here that the five men took refuge, some 300 feet from the portal cut into the hig~wall of a former· strip mine. This area was rcof-bolted and timbered in accordance with the accepted plan, the Federa l repor:t said, adding that there was no evidence that the cave-in was t~e result of failure of the roof-support plan. Approximately 225 feet of the No. 8 place was caved, and two adjoining entries we e also clogged to within a few feet of the portals. An examination of the surface over the No. 8 place disclosed surface cracks r:unning parallel with it. The cracks indicated that- a squeeze and general collapse resulted because th_e pillars le'ft intact were not adequate to support the overburden. To prevent a similar accident in the future, the Bureau report said. the "face of th~ highwall and the surface area over the acti,·e panel should be examined daily, when coal is produced, fpr signs of dangerous subsidence and other dangerous conditions." The - report also called for mining in strict compliance with engineer ing projections. The investigating team entered the mine by way of the same 42-inch auger hole throµgh which the trapped mine workers had crawled to safety. The five men-unhurt-\\·ere freed on the third attempt by rescue workers to drill into the area where they were trapped. The happy outcome of the near disaster won a special tribute from Fetleral investigators for "employes and officials who g:n-e of. themselves· unstintedly in ·making the rescue of their fellow workers possible. The courage, know-how and the resourcefulness of these men, without exception, . deserves the highest praise.'' Bituminous parficipants achieved a record-low injury frequency r ate of 14.353 per million man-hours of exposure in underground mmmg. This is less thari one-third the national average last year for all bituminous operations, including deep mines and strippings. The bituminous mines ranking in the first five places all operated without €l lost-timE! accident in 1956. Coal runners-up awarded a "Certificate of Accomplishment in Safety" for earning second, third, fourth and fifth plg.ces are as follows: Bituminous-Republic :Mine, Republic Steel Corp., Elkhorn City, Ky., for working 419,324. man-hours without a lost-time injury. D. 0 . CJ.ark 7 Seam, Union Pacific Coal Co., Superior, Wyo., for operating 212,986 man-hours without a disabling injury. Labuco Mine, Alabama ByrProducts Corp., Birmingham, Ala., for working 152,202 man-hours without a lost-time injury. Labuco ' I was the bituminous winner in both 1954 and 1955 and thus re-:linquishes the trophy it held for two straight years. It has com- One Miner Saved, Another Dies Under Fall Two miners were trapped by a roof fall July 23 in the Roben:1 peted in 19 of the annual competitions. Hernshaw Mine, Electro Metallurgical Co., a division of Union No. 3 mine of U. S. Steel Corp., near Greensboro, Pa.. ,vith Carbide & Carbon Corp., for working 80,068 man-hours in 1956 heroic efforts saving one of the men five hours after the c,we-in. The rescued miner, Andrew Wydo, 36, of l\IcClellandtown. without a lost-time injury. • ' Anthracite-Pittston Mine, P. & J. Coal Co., Pittston, Pa., suffered no apparent injuries but was admitted to Uniontown for operating 59,360 man-hours with four lost-time injuries causing Hospital for obs.ervation. Jerry Sor,a, about 60, of Bitner, Fayette County, was dead 86 days ·of -disability. .. . . Loree No. 3 Mine, Hudson Coal Co., Plymouth, Pa., for oper- when rescuers reached him, about ten hours after the fall. He ating 582,517 man-hours with 58 lost-time injuries causing 1,210 was a member of Local Union 6321. days of disability. Eddy Creek Shaft Mine, Hudson Coal Co., Olyphant, Pa., for working 457,324 man-hours with 35 lost-time inj.uries causing Nat'I Safety ·Contest Rules, Entr.y Blanks 1,009 days ·of disability. Can Be Obtained At Bureau's Field Offices Loree-Boston Mine, Hudson Coal Co., Plymouth,- Pa., for working 397,342 man-hours with 44 lost-time injuries causing 1,Entry blanks and rules governing the 1957 National 114 days of disability. First-Aid and Mine Rescue Contest are available upon reOf the 525 mineral-producing operations in 43 states c~mquest at Health and Safety Offices of the U. S. Bureau or peting in the 1956 competition, 200 went through the year withMines in the nation's coal-producing areas. They may alc;o out a disabling injury. Trophies were also awarded to the outbe obtained through Harry F. Wea,·er, contest secretary, standing metal }Jline nonmetallic mine, open-pit mine and quarry. 4522 Interior Building, Washington 25, D. C. ' I The meet will be held October 2 to 4 in Louis\'ille, Ky., n t The winner in each division retains a bronze trophy and green the Kentucky Fair and &-position Center. and white "Sentinels of Safety" flag for one year. Rule1: for both the mine rescue contest and tht> lirs t-:-iid The competition, now in its 33d year-, is sponsored by ~e U.S. events have been approved and are now being d istributl'.'u Bureau of Mines. Trophies are donated by the Explosives Enamong the field offices. The "package" includes an in~ rgineer magazine. In addition to group awards, each employe pretation sheet for mine-rescue judges nnd team tra int>rs and official at the winning operations receives a ''Certificate of and a series of practice first-aid problems. Accomplishment in Safety" from the Bureau. First-aid teams competing for the national honors will work at least ten problems. Rescue teams, equipped wit h Natiqnal Safety Council studies show that more accidental self-contained oxygen-breathing apparatus durin ~ the 111.:i~ injuries result from falls than ,from any other cause except traffic euvers, will work one or more problems in a nm ck m ine s 0 ~ accidents. You can avoid most falls by keeping things neat and up in the Exposition Center's huge colosscun . 'fi ·I b not rushin about unnecessarily, by wiping up spilled �Page 8 United M i1£e Workers Journal 'Dr. August _15, 195J A.M 0 EDITOR'S NOTE: The following article appeared recently tireme.nt plan. H.I .P. and Kaiser both have approximately ·500,in the weekly magazine The Nation. It was written by Dan 000 people enrolled, and both carry on their dark mission within Wakefield. It concerns relations between the American the confines of a single state. The UMW plan has a million beneficiaries spread through 45 states, Alaska and the Dis trict of Medical Association, state and county medical organizations Columbia. It employs 6,800 physicians at a total · cos t of $17 and the UMWA Welfare and Retirement Fund. It is of interest . miJlion a year, and has built $30 million worth of hospitals. , to all members of the UMWA and their families. "Dr. Jekyll and the A.M.A." C '] V g 3 It is entitled, The dark clouds of progress hung heavily over the 106th convention of the American Medical Association as its delegates i;huttled from the Waldorf-Astoria to the New York Coliseum, confronting the dangers of radiation on the one hand and socialization on the other. The only real answer for life in our time seemed to be the one provided by the Wallace Labo'ratories, makers of l\'Iiltown, who dispensed the' lotus in generous samples from a small but always busy booth at the convention's technical exposition. The conclave, held early this month, was the largest in A.M.A.'s ·history, ·drawing 55,847 doctors and guests, employing hundreds of workers and requiring, for the operation of the Coliseum alone, five miles of electrical cable, 10,000 square yards ·of carpeting, 56,000 square yards of draperies, 300,000 I.B.M. cards- which with other un-itemized equipment, were brought by 40 baggage cars and hundreds of trucks to their destination and finally resulted at the end of the convention week in the bacchanalian total of 40 truckloads of debris, carted away at $30 a load. The magnitude of it is staggering even to the contemporary soul, and was no doubt unforeseeable by the organization's founder, one Nathan Smith Davis, a long-dead freedom fighter, who, according to the official history of the A.M.A., was "born in a log cabin on the farm near Greene, Chenango County, New York, which bad been homesteaded and partially cleared of its original forest by his father, Dow Davis, an orphan, who had, when in hisearly 'teens', run away from the cobbler to whom he had been indentured." ' ... Fighting Off Indenture A_g ain' The rub, of course, comes in the realization that for all the trappings here are Dow Davis' descendants a century later and fighting off indenture again. Their British brothers are already in chains, and here in, the new world the manacles are being n snapped not only by the Federal government, but by union and "private" health plans-such as John L. Lewis' United llfi11e Work\: ers Welfare and Retirement plan-which have swept upon the n scene to introduce "third party" elements between patient and doctor. This threatens us all, the medicos feel, with the loss of a our basic American freedoms, and it was this black issue which occupied the center of the stage for the A.M.A .. House of Delegates as it wrestled with the future. C The rumors of impending doom had begun as far back as 1933, when the A.M.A. deiegates approved a report condemning the thens existing voluntary health-insurance plans with the judgment that n "it is clear that all such schemes are contrary to sound public policy and that the shortest road to the commercialization of the ii practice of medicine is through the supposedly rosy path of insur'I ance." But the tides were moving, and by the late '40's the govern1: ment was talking of national compulsory health insurance (branded hy the A.l\i.A. as "political medicine") and the A.M.A., with the t, help of the Whitaker & Baxter advertising agency, was raising h its voice with the slogan: "Voluntary Health Insurance-the iI American Way." "The American Way," however, was delimited to bbroad and pure insurance plans such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield, and definitely did not include the sudden new evils of pribc • Yate-group plans with their own panels of doctors, such as New lo York's Health Insurance Plan (H.I.P.) and California's Kaiser Jo r'oundation plan. In 1954, the New York State Medical Society roared into the A.M.A. House of Delegates with a set of proposed amendments to the medical code which would have made m it "unethical" for a doctor to work with H.I.P., which by then had cl, 100,000 members. The house wouldn't go that far, though, and the . pc hattle was pitched independently by county medical societies, with os tracism of group-practice doctors such as took place on a long fc front in California, where the Los Angeles County Medical Sotc ciety Jed the finally futile charge against the Kaiser doctors. • But this ear he A.M.A. had to come to grips with the biggest s f, Against this monster the delegates brought five different resolutions, a supplementary report by the board of t rustees on "Suggested Guides to Relationships Between Sta te and County Medical Societies and the United Mine Workers of America Welfare and Retirement Fund," and considerable passionate oratory. All the proposed resolutions and suggestions were unloa ded on the Co~ittee on Miscellaneous Business, and on t he second day of the convention all who were interested joined the committee in session for hearings in the West Foyer of the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf. There, where the imitation dogwood bravely climbs thr~ugh the inevitable smoke of deliberation , a standing-room audience heard the bleak details of the conspiracy and uttered hopeless war-cries-later judged impractical by legal advisors. The session got under way with less urgent tho ugh similarly threatening issues, such as continuing the annual A.M.A.-sponso~ed high s~hool essay contest on the topics, ,"The Advantages of Private Medical Care" or "The Advantages of the American Free Enterprise System." It seems that several members h ad sensed a certain futility in "essay contests," but a doctor from t he Colorado del_egation was up to tell the tale of a Denver high school class assignment on "The Advantages of Socialized Medicin e" which was opposed by a doctor's daughter who had designs on t he A.M.A. essay prize, but who could not very well fit t he tea cher's assigned topic into the competition. All saw the moral, and the resolution to maintain the contest was approved. Discussion of the main resolution against the UMW Fund and like menaces got off to a flery start with the wor ds of one of the resolution's co-authors, Dr. Everett H . Munro of the Colorado State Medical Society. Dr. Munro's resolution proposed that "voluntary participation in systems of medical care which deny patients their rights of free choice of physicians as so defined, other than as may be required by the mandates of law constitutes a violation of the Principles of Medical Ethics." u The president of the Colorado State Medical Society backed his colleague's view with the opinion that the A.M.A. had only three courses open to it, and the one embodied in this resolution was the best. A second course was to take no action at all, which would lead to the British sort of socialized medicine. The last course, which might have to be followed if the resolution failed, was the formation of a "medical guild" which would "bargain collectively with labor and management"-although this would mean the loss of dignity of the medical profession. 'Poor' Doctors Fear Loss Of Income Conditions were as drastic all across the land. A doctor from Michigan warned that Walter Reuther was about to inflict a medical-welfare plan comparable to the Mine Workers' on the toilers of Detroit. An embattled freedom fighter from Illinois reported that some doctors in his state were '1osing $5,000-$15,000 a year in private practice because of the Miners' plan." Only in Mississippi was the flame of liberty still unthreatened.' "We don't have this· problem, but we can't tell when we might," their delegate reported, and added bis sympathetic support to his colleagues' cause. Dr. Harry Mantz, an Illinois delegate back from the front, warned the troops that "the men from Colorado [sponsors of the resolution] are very courageous because they are. going to be sued. In Illinois, we can't throw out a doctor from the , state medical society without danger of a Federal suit:>'' But dangers aside, there were altogether 25 men to speak up in favor of the drastic measures embodied in the resolutions, and the only dissent had to come from the Devil's Disciple himself, Dr. Warren Draper, who directs the UMW Welfare and Retirement Fund He, was offered the microphone and quietly read to the delegates: "The task of providing medical care for the miners and their families was assumed by the Fund in 1948 because the unnecessary suffering, disability and preventable deaths due to inadequate medical care, or none at all, were shocking to all who knew the facts. The r~port .of_ a, _medical survey _of the 1 i �United lVline workers J oUt'ft(lt • in 1946, contains the statement that in some of the minin_g . communities, provisions for hea1th are 'so poor that their tolerance is a disgrace to a nation to which the world looks ~ r patte rn a nd guidance' . . . Any thoughtful person in full possession of the fac ts would know that ':vith the i~ve~tment t h e Fund has made in medical care for its benefic1ar1es the program ca nnot s top; it must go on. Petty perse~utions, such as those by certa in county m edical societies which endeavor t o prevent the Fund from providing medical care for ~ts beneficia ries by denying membership in the county medical socie ty to phys ici ans who do so, will be settled by legal means if other m easures fail. - Other petty forms of persecution have already failed." Out of t he resulting silence, Cha irman Dr. Peter DiNatalie called up one of A.M.A.'s lawyers, who could only tell his clients that the whole t hing was "not a n easy m atter to discuss." In t he end, it was discussed a t 7 :15 on the morning of the last day by A.M.A. s ta ff legal advisors, who told the mHitants of the Colorado delegation tha t t he resolu tions might be•fine in principle, but J9hn L . L ewis would ha ve them in t he courts, , there was no getting around it. They would have to be satisfied with the committee's report- a t las t a dopted- wh ich expla ined · that although the resolutions were approved "in pr inciple.,'' the organiza tion could officially do no more t han "re-emphasize the America n Medical Associa tion's a pproval of t he principle of free choice of physician and h ospital," and adopt th e Board of Trustees' "suggested guides" to rela tio nships with t he UMW. UMW l?atients Have Freedom Of Choice rug Soft Coal Miners Earn $3.03 An tfour Production workers in the bituminous coal industry averaged $112.11 for a 37-hour week-c-<>r $3.03 an hourduring April, according to statistics prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. Th is •is the highest hourly earnings figure in . the history of the industry. Weekly earnings reached· their highest point in history last December when soft coal miners a veraged $115.33 a week for a 38.7 hour week--or $2.98 an hour. There were an estimated · 218,500 production ·employes working in the soft coal industry in April. Total employm ent in the industry was estimated at 238,700. In the anthracite industry employment of production workers was 26,500, with. total employment 28,400. Average weekly earnings in the anthracite industry in April, were $92.07 for a 31-hour week--or $2.97 an hour. orfon Urges Soft Coal For Wisco nsin Use of soft coal to meet urgent fuel needs in ¥lisconsin has been advocated by Sen. Thruston B. Morton (R., Ky.). Morton made the suggestion in response to a speech by Sen. Alexander Wiley· (R., Wis.). Wiley urged that the Harris Natural Gas Bill be defeated in the interest of gas consumers in his state. Shortly thereafter, Senator Morton took the floor to state: " .. . I was intrigued by the remarks of the senior Senator from Wisconsin in connection with fuel. I invite the Senator's a t tention to the fact that the price of Appalachian coal at the face of the mine is the same today as it was in 1948. It is the only fuel which has not advanced in price. "Wages have risen considerably in the nine-year interim. Because of the ingenuity of the operators and the cooperation of the United Mine Workers, coal at the face of the mine, as I have said, sells today for the same price it brought in 1948. It is still the cheapest, most efficient fuel under a boiler. "We . are now working on plans to move Appalachian coal to the fire boilers of Florida, and I think we can move Appalachian coal to the great State of Wisconsin." Al l week long, the evils of "corpora te practice" of m edicine by government, unio ns, indus t ries an d• private groups were condemned, a nd the "free choice of physician" upheld as being no less essential t o America n life tha n free enterprise itself. In a ctua li ty, m os t of t he pl ans, including the UMW Fund, provide t ha t a patien t ca n choose from a number of doctors approved by the particular organiza tion, a nd the UMW Fund itself allows t ha t a benefi ciary m ay call in any outside doctor desired and have him a pproved for work through the Fund. But the A.M.A. still - sees it as a limita tion of freedom, and a start toward the end of all liberty ;' they proclaimed tha t such ~corporate" practice "in many of its for ms . . . is indistinguishable in pract ice and e1Iect from socialization of medicine and it appears to embody all of its eyils." John F. Hollister, Former Dist. 9 Official And yet, a recent report has estimated that 40 percent of the na tion's doctors are on a full or part-time salary, and thus themselves participants in the "ethically questionable" ·arrangement . John F. Hollister, of Shamokin, Pa., who served as an official of allowing a "third party" to come between the physician and his patient in their dealings. Full-scale war on the new menace , of UiJIW A District 9 for many years, died July 19 in Geisingei· is legally and practically impossible, and- the A.M.A., having Memorial Hospital, Danville, of complications. He was 86. Mr. Hollister, active in UMWA affairs at the turn of the cenwrestled with it and postponed it in hopes of finding a secret_ weapon to smash the enemy, is now adjusted to the reality that it tury, was elected to the district executive board in 1913 from can carry on nothing more than harassment. The conv';ntion had Sub-District 4 and held the post until 1931. A communicant of St. Edward's Church, Shamokin, he was to content itself finally with such small solace as could come from affiliated with the parish Holy ' Name Society and the Moose deleting the word "welfare"-said to have horrid "pa~ern~list!c" Lodge. connotations- from all its pronouncements and replacmg 1t· with Suryiving are one daughter, lVIrs. Margaret Powell, Shamokin; the word "well-being." a brother, George, Sunbury; four grandchildren and 10 great There were those who took comfort in these hopeless swipes, grandchildren. and the business of the house was concluded with the words Funeral !lervices were held Ju}Y. 22 from the Campton Funeral of Dr. B. E. Pickett of Texas who reverently said that "al- Home, Shamokin, followed by a requiem mass in St. Edward's though we all, 'ere long, may pass from amo;1g the chil- Church. Interment was in the pa1ish cemetery. dren of men, what you ·have wrought here will not pass, but' stand as a lasting monument to progressive medicine in our time." Coming from a member of the Texas delegation the the scientific half, while the side that carries on such affairs as optimism was notable, since the Lone Star contingent, af~er were held at the Waldorf is known as socio-economic. pushing for such resolutions as a propo~al to end the U. S. mThe scientific proceedings got off on encouraging notes, with come ta.'C, might well have been depress'e d at the f!nal small sal- accounts such as those of "Hearing Restoration Surgery Reported lies the A.M..A. saw fit to make against the future. There was, 'Perfected' " and "Doctors Report Unusual Operations to SaYe however comfort to be drawn in the fact that the delegates had Man's Sight," but before the week was out we had learned that once ag~in held the line against proposals to include physicia!ls in many of our athletes were hopped up with "pep pills" and that Federal Social Security. Connecticut had pressed for a national smokers of one pack of cigarettes a day might expect to h ani referendum on the matter,. and New York had thrown out caution the weed subtract seven or· eight years from their life. At the altogether. and offered a resolution noting th_at "Doctors of Medclosing session, an Air Force colonel came to inform the doctors icine are now the sole self-employed professional group excluded that "m~crowave radiation"-em~ations of electrical energy at [from Scicial Security]; and, because .of this unfair exclusion phy- frequencies of several hundred m1ll1on cycles a second-is increassicians must pa,y $7;000 to $25,000 more for · retirement and life ing all the time with new and more powerful radar and television insurance than other citizens"; and proposing that the _doctors installations, and that microwa,·e radiation can be dange1·ous bethrow in with the tide. But principle defeated temptation and cause it can destroy by heating living tissues. "Expert opinion the House of Delegates held fast to individualism. about how much microwave radiation is safe for man is not availMeanwhile, back at the Coliseum, the other half of the A.M.A's able," the colonel reported. character was confronting more universal portents of doom. The Progress presses upon us from every direction. and who can A.M.A. as is appropriate to the times, Ms a split personality: blame the A.M.A. for wanting to return to the halcyon days of ~ ? the a~t dealin with t chnical s ts • • �1..t.U S USd ,xu, ]E]]]) @~ml§ :&IL JUSTI N i\IcCARTHY,• Editor R E X L AUCK , Asst. Editor Official Publication Unit,J Mine Workers ' of Amtriea 68th Year he AUGUST 15, 1957 nate Should Be No. 16 ~a@DTI~~ [IDfi~□ ~~'u'ce@1 Orru◊@ !L@t"J o~o□ .zoo i <.• come. Furthermore, whether Attorney General Brownell believes it or not, the ·risk will be very considerable. There will be juries in the South who will fin d their ~1•dict according to the evidence, however much they •k.i~y dislike the law; and convictions will steadily increase' with the passage of time. "It will be found difficult to make a hero of a man sent to jail by a jury of his peers; but Americans sentenced by a judge without trial by jury will be ideal material for a new martyrology." With this ~ve agree wholeheartedly! Now, there has been considerable nonsen e printed about the UMWA position by newspaper pundits whowithout examining the facts-claim t hat we r e\ ersed our position on the jury trial question. We did not. We said, in the June 15 issue of the Journal, that the House version of a jury trial amendment that would provide jury trials in voting cases only was "as phony as a $3 ·bill." And it was. Bul the jury trial amendment pas ed by the Senate goes much farther and protects the rights of trial by jury in criminal contempt cases again t labor unions among others. . As UMWA members probably know the various railroad brotherhoods joined with the UMWA in endorsing the Senate's version of the bill. • It is ridicttlous for the Eisenhower administration to argue that the civil rights bill-as passed 72 to 18 by the United States Senate--is meaningless or will damage the Federal judiciary or do a number of other things that Attorney General Herbert Brownell, Jr. claims it will do. The bill should be adopted by the House of Representatives, forthwith, and sent on to the President for his signature. And if Ike is really concerned about civil rights, as he says he is, he will sign it. It will then become the Details Of 'il'he Sen©J~ce Bm first civil rights legislation to have manuevered its way through Congress in 80 years. • A statement by G. E. Leighty, president t he Order of The bill may not be perfect; but, from the standpoint Railroad Telegraphers outlines in brief wh~t t he Senate of practical politics it's the only type of civil rights legis- bill would do: (1) Set up a Federal Civil Ri 0 hts Commission; (2) Establish a Civil Rights Division ~ t he Departlation that could be gotten through the Senate. The important things about the Senate bill is that it •ment of Justice; (3) Clarify the right of an individual to· establishes a principle of public policy, just as did section secure a Federal Court injunction to protect his voting 7A of the National Industrial Recovery Act_when it said right; (4) Permit the Federal government, wit h or \vithworking-men had the right to join unions of their own . out the consent of the aggrieved; to obtain injunctions choosing and bargain collectively with their employers. against interferences with individual vot ing rights; (5) It is the principle of enforcing the Constitutional right to Guarantee those accused under this latter procedure of criminal contempt of court a jury trial in disposing of ~~ their violations; (6) Extend the right of jury trial in cerEven the most rabid_race baiter in the Senate from a tain labor cases; (7) Reaffirm the right of citizens to Southern state did not dare to say that Negro Americans serve on Federal juries without discrimination. did not' have the right" to vote. The question, of course, . Leighty adds: "This is a civil rights measure that will is how to enforce this right. go a long way in improving the race problems with which we are confronted. It represents ' the cumulative effort House Bill Was No Good of determined men, working within the framework of our• We happen to think that the original House version legislative establishment, to produce a workable bill of the civil rights bill ·and any other bill that would have which will be a .constructive step forward. All sides have forced down the throats of Southern whites a Federal been willing to bend a little in order that the final result judge's order-without..a jury trial-would not have done . might be reasonably acceptable to the greatest numbei· anything' to enforce the right to vote. of people." Perhaps it would have given the Republican Party a It is quite obvious that under the. bill great public great campaign issue next year among northern Negroes. pressure can, should· and, we hope, iwill be brought to But, we repeat, it would not have enforced the right to bear upon Southern election officials who prevent Amervote. Rather it would have created great bitterness, ani- icans from voting because of their color. mosity and emotional turmoil between the races in the Investigations of such violati9ns ought to be carried South. And it would have made sort of heroes out of on vigorously by the Civil Rights Commission and the those white citizens who were sent to jail or fined by a Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department, which judge. are established under the Senate bill. Such investigaGerald W. Johnson, veteran Baltimore newspaperman, tions and any court actions, we are sure, will receive t_he historian and free lance writer, states in The New widest possible publicity in the newspapers, magazines, Republic: • over the radio and on television because this "American "If _one Southern election official is put to the risk and Dilemma" of racial prejudice is one of the great moral trouble of standing trial, the lesson will not be lost even issues of our time. if the first one is acquitted. Mere persecution is no joke. Southern whites are a proud, haughty and many times It is bothersome and expensive, regardless of the out- misled people. But there are many, many white per' _, �SQns in the South who are ash~med of. ~he way their Negro· brethren have been and still are being treated. And the numbers bf these are constantly increasing as the -Zouth "grows" up, as rn,ore industrialization takes place, ~ more union organization takes place and as the Negro people r eceive better education and better opportunities for decent jobs at decent pay. The superb record of the UMWA in bringing about better relations between the races is a case in point. Other unions are beginning to make. similar progress in the South. The progress will continue. It will continue despite the actions of some Southern demagogues who still believe in the institution of human slavery. . It cannot , however, be done overnight. It has taken .80 years to get any kind of civil rights pill through the Senate. So, we say, give it a chance. And give the South a chance to prove its good fait h. Give the South a chance to get over its phobia on the question. But. keep the pressure on- at all times. ' 1 We think it is not t rue that no Southern jury will ever convict in a civil r ights case. Perhaps some will not convict, but t he jury t rial ·system i's a human institu"What's all the fuss about, Brother?" tion and one of the basic principles of our law-handed down to us fyom E nglish common law. Federal judges are human, t oo. We have not, for example, always agreed Fly Ash, Once A Nuisance Waste Product, with the august justices of the ·_u nited States Supreme Now Has M any Valuable Uses In Industry Fly ash-a coal residue that once was a real headCourt. Nor have a lot of otper people. ache to the multi-billion dollar electric utility industryBut ours is a nation of laws and not of men. has become a useful by-product and an increasingly Let the white light of nationwide publicity shine on important material in the construction field. , t he investigations and trials that will inevitably come The job of getting rid of fly ash in an industry that from enforcement of the civil rights bill. We think there is consuming about 160 million tons of coal annually will be progress. • was quite costly, especially for utilities located in large The UMWA, as is well known, has a large Negro cities. The Connecticut Power & Light Co., for example, membership. Just how large we don't know because we used to spend $100,000 a year -to get rid of 100,000 tons don't keep track of such things. This is in accordance of fly ash. with the Union's constitution adopted in. 1890. It says, Now the company has found that fly ash can be used in effect, that a coal miner is a coal miner no matter in three ways~ 1 In the manufacture of cinder blocks; 2 what his color or creed or nationality. In concrete, in place of cement, up to about 20 percent, .And the Constitution of the United States says that and 3 As a road building material mixed with earth and an American citizen is an American citizen no matter lime to form a surface bed for asphalt. 'what his race, creed or national hackground .. _T he Am~can Gas & Electric System uses fly ash tp So, give the civil rights bill a chance to work! Let's make concrete for its new' power plants. Utility people ·s ay that concrete made up in part of get the Senate bill through the House as quickly as posfly ash is more durable than ordinary concrete. sible and signed into law. The Detroit Edison Co. pioneered research in the use of fly ash back in the early 1930s. The, research pro• Into The M ines With Goldwater Sen. Barry M. "Barren" Goldwater, who sponsored a gram is now headed by Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. Since 1950, nine states have used fly ash in sections bill 'to permit the shipment of live scorpions through the of new road construction and BCR says initial reports mails in· the last session .of Congress, has now come up have been-·favorable. Pennsylvania is the most recent with another poisonous idea. state to build a fly-ash based road for test purposes. The Ariz~na Republican, an avowed enemy of work- A 500-foot road was laid last year in Penn Township, ing people, wants to abolish all Federal insp~tion of near Pittsburgh. The project used 67 tons of fly ash. mines. This, of course, is because the "hard rock" miners Price of the residue material varies from $1 to ~2 a in his state have been trying to get some Federal protec- ton. tion for their lives and limbs similar to that given coal Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. estimates that $1.5 miners in the Federal Coal Mine Safety Act of 1952. million -was saved in the building of the $103-million We have several suggestions about what should be Hungry Horse Dam in Montana by using 135,000 tons of -done with Senator Goldwater and his "idea." Unfor- fly ash. · .The material also has been used in a number of. tunately, most of them are unprintable in a family jour- other dams. nal. However, one that would, we are sure, appeal to A brewing company in Pittsburgh has discovered an members of the UMWA would be to retire him from the unusual use. It mixes fly ash, brewers' yeast and dilute Senate and.send him to work in a nice gassy coal mine-- sulphuric acid to clean the large copper kettles in the preferably one that employs fewer than 15 men under- brewery. ground so that no Federal inspector could interfere with These uses of what was once thought of as a waste his inalienable right to be blown ,to bits in an explosion, product are examples of what research and constant ator have his back broken in a roof fall. • tention to conservation can do for the coal indus!ry. �.... 7:lte Stor11 of Americ11 's eon! Miners A Brief H·~.<;9"'© r ry INTRODUCTORY NOTE: The follow ing-"A Brief History of the United Mine Workers of Ameri ca" -w as w ritte11 by Justin McCarthy, editor of the Journal, an d ha s bee n .distributed to thousands of librari~s, newspap e rs, UMWA District offices, students and other interested p e rso ns. It has been translated into Spanish and made a vailab le to workers in Latin American countries. It i,s reprint ed he re so that every UMWA irsember will be able to read it a nd have a copy for future reference. theU Today the United Mine Workers of America and their leaders constitute a living symbol of what free men, working together with an incomparable unity of purpo e, ca n accomplish. American coal miners tod~y arc the bes t paid industrial workers in the world ; they have comparatively good working conditions and in sickness and age they are protc ted by a wel fa re and retirement program that js, as yet, unmatched in any other industry or any other country. These goals have been wop by the uni ty of purpose of America's half million mine workers and the devotion and singleness of policy of the leader of their Much of the st9ry of the American workingman's struggle Union, working within the framew~irk of a democratic society. for a better way of life, for better wages and working conditions But it was not always tht,1s. America was a n infant nation and for the inalienable rights struggling to congu r the wil~ of life, liberty and the pursuit der11ess back in 1840s when of happiness is the story of the .coal miner of Pennsyl"There is no truth more obvious than that withAmerica's coal Jajn~rs. vani a first decided to form a out coal there could not have been such marvelous /. The reason is that Amerunion to ca rry on the fight . social and industrial progress as n;iarks present-day . ican miners, like coaJ miners ag. ~inst the intolerable workcivilization. everywhere, are men nf great ing conditions of tha t time. In ''Believing that those ~ hose lot it is to toil within dignity, great pride and gre,:\.t those days miners were among bravery. Perhaps it has been the most poorly paid workers the e::Jrth's rec~sses surrou nded by peculiar dangers best stated by the man who in the country ; safety condia_n 4 ~grived Qf sunlight and p~re air, produ~ing the has been the Pres~dent of µieir tions were deplorable; hours commodity whi~h makes possible the w orld's progof work ranged as high as 15 Union, the United Min~ Workress, are . entitled to protectioq and an eqt)itable • ers of America, since 1920. a day ; there were no days off share of the fruits of their labor, we have formed the nor holidays; the miners were These are the words of J 0/111 United Mine. Workers of America for the purpose L. Lewis: truly serfs, their lives literally of establishing, by lawful means,. the principles em"The public dQes not subject to the whims of the braced in the body of t:4is Constitution." understand, and · I thiiik: employers. The first coal miners' union never will, that almost spir,(Preamble to the Constitution of the lnternatio_nal in America was forrpcd in the itu~ feaJty that exist, pe• Union, Unit ed Mine Workers of America, organized anthracite, or hard coal region tween men who go dqwn January 25, 1890.) of Northeastern Pennsylvania. into the qangers of the In those days th~re was very mine and work togeth~rlittle industry in the United ~at fealty of understaiµI ~ . ing and brotherhQod that e?(ist_s iµ our caJJjng to a more State_s and coal was_used almost exclusively for l:g~~ting p~rposes pronounced degree than iµ qny ot:l}er i11du_stry, The and ·not for the creatipn of pqwer .o r steel or chemicals. • This early union of coal miners in ·America suffered the fate pubJic doe§ not know that a inan wh«;> ·w.o rks in a coal mine is not afraid of aJ)ything ~):cept his Gofi; that he i_s of many organizations . of p:uners that WCT!'! to follow it. They not afraic;! of injunctions, or pplitipi~n~, or threats or de- were literally forc!!d out of e~-ist~nce by the t~rroris.t tactics of nunciations, or verJ:>aJ castigation, or slander-that he does the wealthy owners of the mining companies who refused to listen to the complaints of tli.eir ·employes. F-or those were the not fear dea~." • days when it was regarded as c..on.:;_piracy. against government There are so many "firsts" in µle history of the UMW A that it would be almost impossible to accoqnt for each of theµi for men to join together and strike in protest against insufferin a brief book. One of tho most significant "firsts," and one able working condit[ops. It became obvious to the coal miners, iiS a result of these that enabled the U~n to organiz.e coal miners throughout the · length and breadth of America-North and South-can best early efforts to organize unjons, t4at they m4st form . a strong, be stated by quoting from the Constitution Qf t)le International nationwide union of miners if they were to sqcceed in winning Union as it was first adopted in 1890. The first paragraph of better conditions. The first step in this direction was taken in the section of the governing law of the U.M W A concerning 1860 in the State of Illinois by· two English mine workers who had come to America in the belief that they would find a better objectives states: "To unite in one organization, regardless of c;reed, color way of life for themselves and their families. With other mine or nationality, all work(!rs t1ligibla for m embership, employed workers from the Midwestern- American soft coal fields they in and around coal mines, coal washt1ries, coal proccslirzg plants, formed the American Miners Association. It lasted until the coke ovens1 and in such othBr industriqt ~ mf!,y ~B dt1signated Q'Y financial panic of UJ73. Meanwhile, organizational efforts ~ntlze International Executivs Board, on the American contin f'lt,". tinued in the hard coal field, E>f Pennsylvania. Various local Thus the UMWA w;u the: fint labor orgJt~ti9n in America 11nions of hard .coal min.en jouied togethel' in 1868 to try to win to i~corporate into. its Const.i~tion al!- u~q~ali?ed prohibition · -tn eight-hour work day. They .were not entfrely suc~essful but their work stoppage did help to stablllze the glutted coal market, against. racial, religious Qr natwnal ~scnmmation, �/ , During the Civil War period in America thousands of English, Welsh, Scotch and Irisq. mine workers came to the United States. Their knowledge of union organization work gave new ~jt to the drives to brlng unionism to the American mines. The first joint conference between mine workers' representatives a nd coal operators in the history of the American coal industry was held in Scranton, Pa., in the hard coal fields in 1869. A written contract based on the decisions of this confercnce was signed at Pottsville, Pa., in 1870. Among other things it provided for wages of $16 a week for the anthracite miners. At the sa me time, the coal miners were beginning their long a nd still con tinuing fi ght for safety in the mines. First efforts in this d irection were made in 1858, but it was not until 1?69 th at the Pennsylvani a Legislature passed a safety law and !his law provided only for mine inspections in one county in the ta te. I t was nearly 100 years later, in 1952, that the United Mine \1Vorkers of merica were able to get a law passed by the Fedral Congress granting authority to Federal mine ,inspectors .to lose down hazard ous mines. This never-ending battle for safer coal mines has been one of the major activities of organizcd America n coal miners from the very earliest days and _continu s today. American coal miners learned early in the game that socalled cost-of-living agreements with the employers were of no benefit to the miners. As long ago as 1870 the anthracite miners igned su ch an agreement with the coal operators. It was known as a sliding-s.cale · agrcement and tied coal wages to c~al prices. O ver-production of coal-the chronic ,ill of the American coal industry- soon started price cutting among the emplayers. And as p,riccs were slashed wages went down. The struggles of co~! miners in both the bituminous and anthracite fi elds for union organization went on during the late 1800s, but without much success. Local, state and regional organizations soon,...were wiped out because of financial and organizational weaknesses. ' The 1880s saw stepped-up efforts by the mine workers to form national organizations. Two groups were principally active, the Knights of Labor and the National Progressive Union of Miners and Mine Laborers, The latter organization was affiliated with the newly formed Americ~n Fcdcratiqn of Labor, then under the leadership of Samuel Gompers. Intense and sometimes bitter rivalry plagued the organization efforts of the two unions. It Wc!-5 during · this period in 1886, that the first interstate coal wage agreement in American history was signed by coal operators and union mine worl<ers in Columbus, Qhio. The agreement established basic wages in Pennsylvania, Ohio, InTHAT SO-CAI-L.EQ COST - OF - ,LIVING AGREE diana, Illinois, Iowa a11d West Virginia, the principal coalproducing states in the United States at that time. The mine workers soon learned that they could not succeed in their struggles for bette.r wages and working conditions with a split in their ranks between rival unions. After much negotiating, .representatives of the miners who belonged to the Knights of Labor and those belonging to the National Progressive Union met in Columbus, Ohio, and on January ~. 1890, formed the Unjted Mine Workers of America. The new Union represented 25,000 coa'l miners at that time. The infant Union decided to work for an eight-hour day in the mines. Efforts to win a shorter work day from · the coal operators were unsuccessful and the Union called a strike in 1891. It failed except in a few areas where the eight-hour day was won. It was on April 1, 1898, that the UMWA finally won the eight-hour day for a substantiai number of coal miners. April 1 is an_ annual holiday in the mines throughout America in commemoration of this early victory. The struggle for a shorter work day in the mines was not finally won throughout the Am_erican coal fields until 1933 under the leadership of Mr. Lewis. • There have been two truly great Presidents of the United Mine workers of America who will be revered by coal miners as long as coal is dug. bne is the present leader, J olzn Llewellyn Lewis. The other w~ Jolzn Mitchell. Mitchell was 28 when he became the fifth President of the UMW A. He led hard coal miners in Penn,sylv~a to a gre~t Union victory in 1900. October 29, 1900, was the day when a general strike in the anthracite fields ,ended in ,a · resounding victory for the miners. Ea<;h October ~9 since th<m, the hard coal miners observe an official holiday in honor of Mit~hell. Among the evils that plagued the anthracite miners when Mitchell became UMW A President were· company-owned stores at which the miners were required to trade and which charged exorbitant prices, company cheating on the weighing of coal, ex'tremely low wages, long hours, bad safety conditions, bad housing, child labor, and no provision for medical care for sick and injured miners. Mitchell's leadership enabled the mine workers to correct many of these grievances. By 1901 the 11-year-old UMWA had increased its membership to more than 200,000. ., An infamous example of the attitude toward trade unions taken by the coal operators of that time was the statement of George F. Bae,r, then president of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Co:, one of the largest companies in the hard coal fields. Baer wrote what has since become known as the "divine right" letter. He stated: "The rights and interests of the laboring man will be WAc;;ES CUT AGAIN ANO WITH SPLIT UNIONS WE CAN NOT WIN BETTER WAGE'S AND WORKING CONDITIONS! �OESPITe THE VICTORIES WON SY MITCHELL.'S LEADERSHIP THE UM WA HAO MANY HARD TIMES IN THE EARLY ,qoo's. STRIKE:. BREAKINGS SY STATE MILITIAMEN AND COAL COMPANY GUARDS. THE UNION WAS FORCED 1t> FIGHT ON ALL FRONTS AGAINST LEGAL. ACTIONS, SUITS, INJUNCTIONS, ANTI-LABOR LEGISLATION,.,. protected and cared for, not by the labor agitators but by the Christian men to whom God in His infinite wisdom has given the control of the property interests of the country and upon the successful management of which so much depends." and coal company guards and bad market conditions in the industry. The ' question that was to · split the American labor movement into warring camps in the 1930s fi rst arose in the 1911 Q The 1902 strike in the anthracite industry led to intervention convention of the UMWA. Then the Union adopted a resoluby the Federal government and the appointment by President tion calling for organization of the work rs in the mass producTheodore Roosevelt of a commission. Both the coal operators tion industries in' America into union similar to the -United and the Union agreed to abide by the decisions of this com- Mine Workers. This type of union is known as an industrial mission. The commission, after lengthy hearings, recommended ~nion ~ that it takes into membership all the v. orkcrs in a parwage increases and other improved working conditions for the t.Jcular mdustry regardless of the jobs the) p rform. All the miners. The award made by _this commission became the basic other unions in the American Federation of L abor at this time agreement between the Union and the anthracite industry. It were so-called craft unions, made up of workers in a particular was also at this time that the Anthracite Board of Conciliation trade such as carpentry or bricklaying. Later a bitter opponent of industrial unionism, William '':as established. This board, made up of miners and coal operGreen, late president of the American Federa tion of Labor ators, ,vas to settle disputes over interpretation of the contract was a strong advocate of industry-wide unions in 1911, when between the Union and the industry. If the board could not he was International Statistician of th e UMW A. H e urged "a reach agreement the matter was referred for settlement to a complete industrial syst9TI of organization." :tvfr. Green served full-time umpire selected by both sides. This board has been from 1911 to 1924 with the International H eadquarters of the in continuous existence since 1903 and is the oldest industrial UM,.YA, most of the time as Secretary-Treasurer, and was disputes settlement board in existence' in America. elected president of the AFL in 1925 after the death of Mr. UMWA Was Pro-Mechaniz:ation Gompers in 1924. Mr. Green was Mr. Lewis' candidate for It was in those early days of the Union that. the question of _- the AFL presidency although Mr. Gompers had personally policy on machinery in the mines came up. The Union decided favored M attl,ew W oil, an AFL vice president and head of -and has held to this policy ever since-that it would encourage the small International Photo-Engravers Union. mechanization of the coal industry as a means of increasing pro1912: Operators Recogniz:e UMWA ductivity, cutting produ·c tion costs and giving the miners an inThe year 1912 brought the first formal recognition of the creased chance to obtain high wages and better working conditions .. The miners took the position that increased production UMW A as such, by the anthracite operators and this helped the was the only way they could obtain these better conditions. · This Union win new dues-paying members. During the early 1900s the policy is in sharp contrast to the policy of many other unions Union also was busy trying to win new members in the soft coal fields and to maintain collective bargainina relations with in Europe and America. the bituminous coal operators in what was the~ known as the Mr. Lewis commented recently on this policy. He said: Central Competitive Field. This included the soft coal fields ''We decided that question long years ago. We decided in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Mine it's better to have a half a million inen working in the in- Workers' representatives and Central Competitive Field coal opdustry at good wages, high standards ·of living, than it is erators held joint conferenccs to settle their differences during to have a million men .working in the industry in poverty most of the time from 1898 to 1919 with no · national strikes and degradation." • and only a few short suspensions of work while the miners Mr. Lewis added that "in rettirn for encouraging modern- awaited the signing of ne,v contracts. • ization, ihe utilization of machinery and power in the mines The year 1913 brought a signal honor to the UMWA when and modem techniques, the Union . . . insists on a clear par- President Woodrow Wilson named W. B. Wilson, then Interticipation in the advantages of the machine and the improved national Secretary-Treasurer of the Union, as the first Secretary of Labor iµ the newly created. cabinet post. techniques." But the next year, 1914, will always live in infamy in the Despite the victories won under Mitchell's leadership, the UMWA had manf hard times in the early 1900s. In addition history of American labor. It was on~April 20 of that year that to comtant battles with the coal operators, the Union was the Ludlow Massacre occurred. The Miners' Union had been forced to :fight on all fronts against legal actions, suits, injunc- trying for years to win recognition in the-coal fields of Colorado tions, anti-labor legislation, strike-breaking by state militiamen and other Western states. They were· bitterly and brutally opI �August 15, 1957 United Mine Workers Joitrnal " posed by the employers, led by the millionaire .Jonn D. Rockefeller. Climax to the opposition to the Union came when ~olorado militiamen, coal company guards and thugs employed as private detectives and strike-breakers by the Rockefeller interests shot and burned-to · death 20 persons, including two mine .work r ' wives and 11 children. • The massacre took place during a carefully planned attack on a miners' tent colony near the Colorado town. The miners and their families had oeen ousted from their corripany-owncd houses by ' the guards and had set up their tents on public property. Not one of the perpetrators of the laughter ever was punished, but the strikers · and UMWA offi cials were imprisoned by the score. A shocked American public acted through the Federal government' which moved regula r Army troops into the area to restore Circler. ~ Such incidents were an old story to coal miners and their fam ilie • bcatin!!S, shootings and deprivation of civil liberties had been th e order of the day in. the coal fiel~s of America for generations. Because mining camps usually were isolated, the n \ spaper and general public seldom heard ·of conditions in 1:he oal indu stry. There was complete company domination of every phase of the daily lives of miners, enforced by professional gunmen such as the Coal and Iron Police in Pennsylvania and the Bald win-F Its Detective Agency in West Virginia. And the c same gu n thugs saw to it that an "iron curtain" was drawn around the coal camps to keep the public from learning of the conditions of serfdom under which miners lived. ". . . Police Had 'l>ersuaders' " '" Even interested newspapermen-.md there were very few of them in those days-found it virtually impossible to "invade" the armed camps of the coal mining areas. Strangers were not welcome and the coal police had "pcrsuaders"-in the form of arsenals of wc;apons-to keep the curious away. As the years have passed, such matters have been somewhat dimmed by time, by later successes of the Union, by Federal legislation guaranteeing to American workers the right to organize and bargain collectively, by government investigations, by recognition of unions as part of the American way of life, and by the tremendous growth in membership and economic strength of the union movement. But to the average coal miner in his 5o"s the bitter memories of these early days will never be dimmed. Perhaps this is one reason ·why _the United Mine Workers of America has been from the beginning and is today t~e most militant and aggressive union in the country. It was in the early 1900s that John L; Lewis began his long career as an American labor leader. After substantial successes -~leading · the legislative activities of ,the Illinois coal miners, Lewis worked for a time for Mr. Gompers and the American Federation of Labor. He was. born in Lucas, Iowa, of Welsh parents, on February 12, 1880, on the birthday of the Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln. Lewis' early career included work in the · coal mines, metal mines, and much traveling over the length and breadth of the United States and into Mexico and Canada. His first official assignment for the UMW A was as a delegate from an Iowa Local Union to the 1906 International Convention of the UMWA. . In 1910 and 1911 Lewis worked as legislative representative in District 12 (Illinois) and from 1911 to 1917 he was assigned to the AFL by Mr. Gompers. • By 1916, Lewis had proved his ability in Union affairs so that he was named chairman of the all-important resolutions committee of the UM,v A Convention in that year. In 1917 he was named International Statistician of the Union. He rose from there to become busine_ss manager of the Union's newspaper, the United Mine Workers J orernal, Vice President of the International Union Acting President and finilly President in 1920-a position t~ which he has been reelected ever since. Thomas Kennedy Starts To Climb Another young American coal miner was starting his climb in International Union affairs in the early 1900s. He is Thomas Kennedy, who went to work in the anthracite mines in Northeastern Pennsylvania ~t the age of ten and rose to become Lieutenant-Governor of Pennsylvania, President of a UMW A District, International Secretary-Treasurer, and finally International Vice Pr sident of the UMWA-the position he holds with the Union today. · Kennedy was born in Lansford, Pa., November 2, 1887 • Still a third UMW A leader was beginning his career in the early 1900s, He is John Owens, present International Secretary-Treasurer. • Owens was born in Clydach Vale, South Wales, on October 29, 1890, and came to America with his parents a an infant. ·The family settled in Ohio and Owens went to work in the mines at the age of ten. His career with the Union has included posts as checkweighman in a local union, local secn·tary, president of an Ohio subdistrict, President of the Ohio District of the UMWA, Special Assistant to President Lewis, and now International Secretary-Treasurer. . The late Philip Murray, who directed the organization of America's steelworkers and later became president of the United Steelworkers of America and successor to John L. Lewis as president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, aLo started his career in the coal mines of America and served a · President of the Union's Pittsburgh District and for many ye:m as International Vice Pre_sident of the UMW A. There are scores of other former officials of the Ul\flVA serving the American labor movement in various capacities of leadership in other unions. THESE MINERS WONT ORGANIZE A UNION HERE,_ 8URN THEM OUT, M~N / , ----=-"-- Page 15 ., ____, NEWSPAPER MEN AREN"T WELCOME IN Tl-11S :--..-• MINING CAMP �u niled Mine ·w01·ke1'S J01,('r.1ial l UMb! lU August 15, 1957 ( The years of 'World '"rar I brought a certain amount of stability to American coal production and the UMW A made mu~ progress in its drive to build the organization. The end of the · war, however, brought depression to the industry and a concerted drive by the employers to break the union. These were hard, lean years for the U:tvfvVA and for John L. Lewis. Poverty, unemployment, low wages, long hours and violence stalked through the coal fields. Dissension in the Union's ranks, spurred on by communists " ·ho set up a dualunion organization, and the union-bustin g efforts of the coal operators brought a decline in membership from more than 600,000 in 1923 to approximately 200,000 by the late 1920s. The UMWA was one of the firs t organizations in the United .States to take · definite action against communist attempts to ~rupt the labor movement. As early as 1923 the Union's International Executive Board warned against the menace of communism and in 1927 the· International Convention amended its Constitution to prohibit members of the Communist' Party from belonging to the United Mine Workers of America. By the time of the great stock market crash in 1929, there were more than 200,000 unemployed coal miners. Operators engaged in cut-throat competition to the point where coal was being sold below production costs and w ages had been slashed to as little as $1.50 a day in -areas in the South. The UMWA sought help from the Federal government in ·the form of IegisBY THE TIME OF THE GREAT STOC.K MARKET CRASH IN 1q2q, THERE WERE MORE THAN 200,000 UNEMPLOYED COAL MINERS. N R This clause also was the key. to the organizing success of the CIO--the Committee for Industrial Organization- founded and directed by John L. Lewis in the New. Deal era to bri~ unionism to -millions of working men and women in America's gigantiG mass-production industries such as the steel a nd ' auto industries. • • .With. its great -1933 organizing driv~ in th - coal fi elds a success, the_UMWA move9, with the help of the Fed ral governmen_t, to convene a joir.t wage conference with the coal oper.ators for t~e purpose of negotiatiing a working agreement in the industry. After three months of meetings and a one-day strike as a show of Union strength the operators signed the Appalachian Wage Agreement-in effect, the fir t ational Wage ,O.greement-and a code of fair competi tion in the industry. . Wages were boosted in mines in both the orth and South. The 40-hour work week was es tablished . Grievance machinery was provided. Company stores were to be regulated. The practice of paying coal miners with scrip instead of money was abolished. And most important of all, the l\1W A was recognized by the oper~tors as the collective bargaining agency ' for the coal miners. This first Appala<:hian Wage Agreement was the basis for the present industry-wide contracts in the coal industry. The Union next conducted a sort of moppi ng-up campaign, with the first objective the recognition of the U nion in the so- A JOHN L. LEWIS MOVED QUICKLY TO REORGANIZE THE DEPRESSION-BATTERED UNION. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT'S NEW DEAL ' GAVE NEW LIFE TO THE UMWA. lation designed to stabilize the industry, but without success. Some in the Union advocated nationalization of the industry as a solution but this was opposed by Mr. Lewis and his administration. This difference over policy was one of the principal reasons for the dissension in the ranks of the Union during the 1920s. • The election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt as President of the United States in 1932 and the advent of the New Deal gave new life to the UMW A. Mr. Lewis moved quickly and aggressively to reorganize the depression-battered Union. UMWA representatives were dispatched throughout the coal fields to preach the gospel of unionism. Key to the tremendous success of the 90-day whirlwind drive that brought hundreds of thousands of coal miners back into the ranks in 1933 was a UMWAinspired clause in a law passed by Congress in the early days of President Roosevelt's administration. This clause was known as Section 7A of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The clause was the brainchild of the UMW A and John L. Lewis. Efforts to get it passed in coal-stabilization legislation sponsored by the UMWA in 1928 and 1930 had been unsuccessful. But the section was -lifted from these bills which had failed to pass Congress and inserted in the NIR...\. Section 7A said, in effect, that the Federal -government guaranteed to American working men and women the right to organize into unions and bargain col, i.. __ : _ -~ - called captive mines of the steel industry. These are mines owned by the steel industry, .the coal from which is used entirely in the production of steel. The UMWA won a partial victory at this time and · later brought all of the steel industry's coal miners into the Union. Significance of this victory in the· early New Deal days was .t he fact that it was the first time in American industrial history that the steel companies ever had signe~ a wage agreement with a uniori. • •With its own affairs once again in gooc;l order, the UMW A turned its attention to the pressing problem of building the union movement in America. The 1934 UMW A Convention voted unanimous approval of Mr. • Lewis' recommendations that UMW A delegates to the AFL conveption that year press for organization of the mass-production industries. The UMWA delegates were successful in getting a resolu-. tion passed at the AFL convention authorizing AFL leaders to grant industrial union charters to the nuclei of unions that were springing up in soxlie: of the mass-production industries.. But a ·year went by without much· progress and in 1935 Mr. ~ewis ~nd some other AFL union leaders decided to take defimte act.Ion. The program proposed by them to the 1935 A'!L conve~tion was defeated but Mr. Lewis quickly called a meeting of the mterested labor leaders. This meeting established the Committee for Industrial Organization that was, within .th; next fe~ Y,ears, to mximatch~ fiyn millin _:worlic , 1 thuJliiiien nma11- �August 15, 1957 United- Mine Workers Journal production industries into industrial unions, similar in structure in 1940 in Columbus, Ohio, city of the Union's birth, found the to the UMW A. Backbone of the organizing drive was the treas- miners' organization in its strongest position in history up to that ur~f the UMW A and the exp.erienced organiz(';rs who, just time. A strong leadership, a loyal membership, a sound treasury shortly before, had successfully reorganized · the coal industry. and good contracts with the coal operators throughout the coal UMW A Vice President Philip Murray became chairman of ~elds were among the assets of the 'UMWA as it celebrated its the Steel Workers Organizing Committee of the CIO. The 5.0th anniversary. Miners' 'Union supplied hundreds· of leaders and organizers to But this convention also saw an open break between John the drive .. Nine months of intensive work by Mr. Le,-v.is and his . L. Lewis and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Irritation between aides brought victory in the drive to organize the United States the head of the CIO and the President of the United States had Steel Corp. when it signed the first contract with the SWOC. been increasing since 1937 when the President criticized both the The CIO moved quickly to take advantage of the desires and CIO and the Little Steel iz:idustry following the killing and beathopes of m illions of workers in the mass-production industries ing of a number of striking steelworkers by _company guards and for union organization. Within a short while contr~cts were state and local police. President Roosevelt had said "a plague signed in the a uto industry, in the farm equipment industry, in on both your houses." the meat p a king industry and in scores 6f other major industries •. Mr. Lewis replied: "It ill behooves one who has supped. that never b fore had dealt with unions. Some of these.indusat labor's table and who has been sheltered in labor's tries accepted collective bargaining wi!!iout too much show of house to curse with equal fervor and fine impartiality both opposition . Others fought the unions with the same techniques labor and its adversaries when they become· locked in that the coal operators had used in the past against the Miners' deadly embrace." Union. There was bloody strife in some cases in the automobile . industry and in the so-called Little Steel industry. In ~dditidn By the time of the 1940 UMWA Convention Mr. Lewis was to fighting th e employers, the CIO had to battle against the convinced that President Roosevelt should not be supported by opposition of the American Federation of Labor which, "in an organized labor for a third term. He said so in no uncertain action regarded as not in accordance with the Federation's con- terms and threw his support to Wendell ·L. Willkie, the Restitution, had expelled the C_IO unions from the Federation. pul?lican :rarty candidate. Mr. Lewis said he would resign as MR. LEWIS ANO HIS AIDES BROUGHT VICTORY IN THE DRIVE TO ORGANIZE THE UNITED STATES STEEL CORP. THAT 'MEANS ALL COAL MINERS MUST JOIN THE UMWA. THE UMWA \M'.)N ITS DEMANDS FOR ABOLITION OF THE SOUTHERN WAGE DIFFERENTIAL. BASIC WAGE WENT TO t7 A DAY. All during this period, the UMWA was building its own CIO president if Mr. Roosevelt were re-elected. That is what strength and was successful in boosting wages and bettering ' happened. · Mr. Lewis stepped down as head of the CIO and working conditions throughout the coal industry. On the legis- was replaced by Mr. Murray. _ lative front, the UMWA was able to geca bill through Congress The UMWA chief then turned ·his full attention to the regulating the coal industry's pricing poltcies to prohibit the in- affairs of the UMWA with the first objective the abolition of dustry fx:om selling coal below production cost. On the political the Southern wage differential. For years back, workers in front, the UMWA set up Labor's Non-Partisan League with the Southern United States had been paid less than workers the help of aU CIO unions and some AFL organizations. Initial performing similar jobs in the Northern states. This practice purpose of this labor ,political group was to work for the re- was based ori the employers' fallacious theory that the cost of election of President Roosevelt in 1936. E:\.-panding its own ac- living waslless in the South. The UMWA won its demands for tivities, the UMWA established District 50 of the United abolition of this differential in 1941 and basic wages throughMine Worker-s to organize employes of the by-products indus- out the cqal fields-North and South-;-went to $7 a day. Next tries of the coal industry, such as the chemical industry. the UMWA successfully carried on negotiations to win the union In 1938 the Committee for Industrial Organization's 33 shop for workers in the steel indi.{st:ry's captive mines. unions met in Pit~burgh to form a constitutional organization . In an effort to heal the split in the American labor moveto be known as the Congress of Industrial Organizations, re- ment, Mr. ,Lewis proposed a return to the AFL of all CIO taining the initials C~O, which had become a symbol of a better unions, with the matter of jurisdictional differences between way of life for millions of factory workers in America. Mr. Lewis, unions to be settled later. Nothing came of the proposal. • who had been chairman of the Committee for Industrial OrAmerica's entry into World War II saw the government conganization, was elected first president of the new Congress of vene a Labor-Management Conference in an effort to try t,c, Industrial Organizations. wq_rk out a formula for labor-management stability during the The year 1939 found the UMWA battling for and winning war. Labor was asked to give up its right to strike but managea union shop in the coal industry. This made it mandatory for ment representatives were unwilling to make any concessions. all coal miners to join the UMW A. Mr. Lewis declined to agree to the so-called labor-management Golden Anniversa Convention of the UMWA. held nearP. fommhi fnr thic: 'N":lc:nn �United iVline Workers Journal Differences· between Mr. Lewis and Mr. l'vfurray over this and other matters I~d to Murray's removal as Vice President of the UMWA and a short while )ater to the withdrawal of the UMWA from the CIO. . Meanwhile, collective bargaining between management a11d labor was replaced by government directive, the practical effect of which was to freeze wages at 15 percent above the level that had existed in January 1941. The Mine Workers were among the first to rebel against what they regarq,cd as an arbitrary formula which they felt did not take into consideration their problems brought on by sharp increases in the cost of living. • Efforts to_ make adjustments in coal miners' wages in 1943 met with flat rejection by the coal operators who d ecided to depend on the government to see to it tha t no \\ age increases were granted. Protest strik~s- by the miners led eve ntually to government seizure of the soft coal industry, gove rn ment-sponsored negotiations and the winning of improved conditions by theUMWA. World War II; Miners Worked Hard For the next two years, from 1943 through 1945, the miners more than made up for the slight loss of production during the 1943 strike by_working nine hours a day and six and sometimes seven days a week to supply coal ,to the American military machine and to America's allies. The first formal proposal for the creation of a welfare fund for America's coal miners was made to the coal operators by the UMWA in 1945. It was an old dream of the Union dating back to 1925. Nothing came of the proposal that year and the Union settled for improved wages and work_ing conditions. But 1946 saw determined UMWA set out to win welfare benefits for the nation's nearly half a million mine workers and members of their families. To the proposal that the coal industry should make some provision to ~are for the sick, injured and aged of the nation's most basic industry th'e coal operators · turned deaf. ears. A strike to win the welfare demand led_ to seizure of. the industry by the ·Federal governrneni once again. Mr. Lewis finally was able to negotiate a contract with the government, calling for the payment of a 5-cent-a-ton royalty by the industry for the establishment of the United Mine Workers •of a 0 • America Welfare and Retirement Fund. America's coal miners will tell you that if John L . Lewis never had won another benefit for them he would be remembered with greatest affec.tion for his winning of this _Welfare Fund. • Years· of hardship and suffering by the men who worked in the accident-ridden co~I industry with<;mt fi.- August 15, 1957 nanci~l help, 'medical care, retirement or death benefits protection for themselves and their families had come to an end. Today the Miners' Welfare Fund is in s.,.tnd financial shape, well administered, and more than a million persons, the crippled, sick, injured and aged of the coal industry and miners' widows and orphans, have received benefits. The Fund now provides $1,000 death benefits, $100-a-month' pensions after a miner has reached the age of 60 a'n d has worked for 20 years in the indus ti·y, and medical care for the accident victims and the sick of •t~e in?u_stry, including miners' dependents. • In ~ddition, the W elfare Fund span or d th building of ten mo~·ern hospitals in coal areas where in adequ ate or no faci li ties for hospita) care prcvious)y existed. The winning of the industry-financed W elfa re Fund by the coal miners set a pattern that other large unions wer oon to follow. Today a majority of union members in th e nited States are protected by some form of welfare arrangement that provides protection for them over and above the meager al lowances provided by the Federal and state governments. The basic philosophy of the Mi ners' Welfar F und, as expressed by Mr. Lewis, is th at "the cost of caring for the human equity in the coal industry is inherentl y a vali d as the cost of replacement of mining m a chinery, or the cost of paying taxes, or the cost of pay ing interes t inqebtedness or any qther factor incident to the production of a ton of coal for the consumers' bins." 1947: Taft-Hartley Passed The year 194 7 •brougnt the passage by the 80 th Congress of the Labor-Management Relations Act of 194-7, the so-called Taft-Hartley Act, which Mr. Lewis called "t!t e first 11glJ1, sa vage thrust of fascism in Amedca." Bitterly opposed by organized labor, the law, however, has remained on the books a nd its repeal is a goal of all unions in the United States. Th e Miners' Union has b~en in the forefront of opposition to the sta tute a nd to this day Mr. Lewis has refused to compromise his position of demanding outright repeal of the law. Provisions of this law and of a similar law that preceded it led to the fining of the UMW A for contempt of court on two occasions for refusal of the members to obey injunctions to return to work. The men were striking in protest over unfavorable working conditions and felt that that was a basic right in America. The two fines of $710,000 and $1,4-20,000 were the largest ever assessed by the American courts. Despite the fines and the legal actions taken against the Union under the Taft-Hartley law, the UMWA was able to win still MR: LEWIS NEGOTIATED A CONTRACT WITH FROM J't43 THROUGH 1q45; THE MINERS WORl<ED NINE HOURS A DAY, SIX AND SOMETIMES· SEVEN DAYS A WEEK,,,, THE GOVERNMENT CALLING FOR PAYMENT OF A 5"-CENT-A-TON ROYALTY 6'( THE INDUSTRY FOR THI: WELFARE MEDICAL CARI: TO SUPPLY COAL TO THE AMERICAN MILITARY MACHINE ANO TO AMERICA'S AL IF~ . FUND. , �THE CAPTAIN OF A MIGHTY HOST. T E UMWA MADE STRONG APPEALS To THE FEDERAL CONGRESS 1t) ENACT SAFTY ENFORCEMENT LEGISLATION IN EFFORT it> PREVENT ·METHANE THIS LAW Now· AUTHORIZES FEDERAL MINE INSPECTORS To ORDER THE CLOSING OF 'HAZARDOUS MINES. And .the men of the coal industry are confident in their own fu rther improvements for the coal miners in contracts negotiated ability to fight for a better way of life and in the leadership of after the war. . Bu t th ma tter that continued to be of most vital concern . their president, John L. Lewis, who has said to them: to the coal miners and their Union was the question of mine ·u1 have never faltered or failed to present the cause safety. , hilc the government was still in control of the industry or plead the case of the mine workers of this country. in 1947 one of the worst disasters in mining his,tory occurred I have pleaded your case from the pulpit and from the a t Centralia Il l. when a. methane gas and coal du.st C.'\.'Plosion publio platform; in joint conference with the operators killed 111 men. T he great number of deaths 'centered public atof this country; before the bar of state· legislatures; in t ntion on the matter, although the history of the industry showed the councils of the President's cabinet; and in the public that on a day-by-day basis nearly 1,000 coal miners had been press of this nation-not in the quavering tones of a killed each year and nf arly 50,000 injured. Once again the feeble mendicant asking alms, but in the thundering UMW A made strong appeals to the Federal Congress to envoice' of the captain of a mighty host, demanding the act aicty enforcement legislation in an effort to prevent such rights to which free men are entitled." di~asters. D espite the appeals the Congress failed to act at that tune. It was not until anoth·e r such disaster occurred on Pecem.A New Miner-Illustrator, J. O. Asbury ber 21 , 1951, at another Illinois mine at West Frankfort, that the Congre s fin ally acted. In this West Frankfort disaster 119 coal miners lost- their lives while working underground on the last shift before Christmas. Once again methane gas and coal dust explosions were responsible for the slaughter. And once again investigations proved that the disaster could have been prevented if the coal operators had used . proper ventilation and other safety measures. The ·UMWA had failed in its long efforts to get the individual mining states to pass adequate safety laws to prevent such accidents. But the Union finally, despite much opposition from reactionary segments of the coal industry, was able to get .a bandatory safety law p'assed by th~ Federal Congress. This law now authorizes Federal coal° mine inspectors to order the closing of hazardous mines in which 15 or more men are employed, such as those at Centralia and ,¥est Frankfort, . ' and provides punishment for coal operators who refuse to abide by the regulations. The Union feels that the law should substantially aid in reducing the death and accident rate in the coal industry. • In the . hope that the action would spur unity in the labor JAMES OTIS .ASBURY-A SS..yenr-old member of UMWA movement and heal--the breach that had existed since 1935 between the AFL and CIO, the UMWA returned to the AFL in . Local U11ion' 6023, Havaco, W. Va., Is the artist who drew the 1946. But refusal of the AFL to conduct an all-out fight against'_ illustrations for the preceding "Brief History of the United lllinc 'the Taft-Hartley law in 1947 led to the withdrawal of the Min- Worlce1·s of A111erica." Asbury lost a Jeg after being struck by n ers' 'Union -from the Federation in that year. Since that time hit-and-run driver nlmost five years ago, and Jo the process of the UMWA-has not been affiliated with either the AFL or CIO. vocational rehabllltatlon by the UMWA }Velfaro nod Retirement There are signs of some economic readjustments to be made Fund and the State of West VkgtDla was sent to New York Olty in America in the next few years, but the leadership of the to a.rt schooL Now b~k. at work In the mines as mecbanlc, Minei:s• Union f01;esees a prosperous luture for the coal indu~try Asbury hopes to make nrt his career noel bas sold drawings to with stepped-up production, increasing efficiencies and safer the lVes·t Virginia Department of Conservation and the UM\\· working conditions. Journal. • t> ' �- 40 an, tht Mor Without ::.::··.::-:·: .:·;::-"•::::~ t,,::<'~ UJ la}. of . ' , .. ' :, ha th m le: Ill d, w g, • SC tl n 1 s C £ t l l •j ~=..... / i,:~~;~~~ HOLMES AWARD WINNERS-Here are pictures of more Ul\lWA members who won awards recently from the Joseph A. Holmes Safety Association. They all have worked In the coal fnd05try for 40 or more years without a. lost time accident. In the top row (left to right) are William Bean, Local 2174, Rock Springs, Wyo.; Frank Bittance, Local Union 2828, Superior, Wyo.; An~L Behring, -Local-Union 8078, Stansbury, Wyo., and John Lee Local Union 2335 Hanna, Wyo. In the middle row (left to rlg~t) are Thomai:_~~~!:...lW.Jler, Local Union 2328, Superior, Wyo.; Thomas Hudson Smith, Local Union 2174, Rock Springs, Wyo.; Pet.er Staklch, Local Union 8078, Stansbury, Wyo., and Joe Vesco, Local Union 2328, Superior, Wyo. In the bottom row (left to -right) are Haydn Fulton Williams, Local Union 2174, Rock Springs, Wyo.; Fred Schrock, to·cal Union 2246, l\farsteller, Pa.; Oscar Wingo, Local Union 5829, Praco, Ala.., and L. L. Chance, Local Union fi829, Praco, Ala. The first nine men pictured work for the Union Pacific Coal Co. Schrock is retired. Wingo and Chance work for the AlabllDla By-Products Corp. �ourna Plll{E! I THE CIT A TION-This is n. reproduction of the citation 1>resen ted by the American Na,, tlona.I R etl Oross to President John L . Lewis, the UMWA and the 01\IWA Welfare and Retirement Fuml on June 25. Work And ti>lay MERRY POINT, Va. (PAI) -He's not growing wealthy, but a man of Litwalton, near here, has a rare job where he can com):>ine business with pleasure. . He operates a ferry from Merry Point to Ottoman, across the Corotoman River. While the gasoline engine pushes the two-car ferry along, he trolls for fish. • CHARLES R. LUCAS - of Washington, Ind., is a. veteran of the coal mining industry, an old-time member of the Ul\lWA nnd n. ·pensioner of the UMWA Welfare and Retirement Fund. Luca.s has written the Journal: "The Lord and John L. lewis and the rood people of t.he earth have given us old mlnera n. way to live and get medJcal 1 ar " ·Soft Coal Output To Reach 506 Million Tons In 1957~ 'National Coal--Ass'n Says The production of bituminous coal .in 1957 will exceed last year's output, despite a softening of •industrial production,· and after allowing for a slowing down in some of coal's important markets, the Committee on Coal Economics of the National Coal Association reports. Looking I:1eyond the end of 1957, the committee in its regular quarterly forecast also predicted a further gradual rise in production in the 12 months ending June 30, 1958. Output'in calendar year 1957 is estimated at 506 million tons, and for the 12 hlbnths ending June 30, 1958, is estimated at 510 million tons. Th~se compare with 1956 production of 500 million tons. Broken down by industry groups· the estimates ·in millions of tons are as follows: • Calendar 1957 1956 Official 155.018 Electric Utilities - - ----,--- 165,0 Coking coal _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 107.0 105.830 5.100 · Steei & rolling rnllls 5.2 , Cement mills .. 10.0 9.224 Railway fuel ____ ., 8.5 12.308 95.650 Other industrials 95.0 • 49.125 Retail dealers 41.0 432.764 . Total U. S. 431.7 , 20.632 Canada 21.0 47.892 Overseas exports 53.0 500.0 . Production · _,.,_... 506.0 A Cool $64,000 The "~64,000 Question" and similar fabulous giveaway shows have served to dramatize' the huge tax bite taken by Uncle Sam-and triggered a lot of . financial figuring by those so inclined. One calculator has it figured that a person \vith an income of $4,000 a year \vould have to win a cool $448,711 to take home $64,000 from a quiz program. The government would take $384,711 in ta..'Xes. Anticipated 1957 production would compare· even more favorably with 1956, the committee said, except that last year was one of active stockpiling by coal's customers, to the extent of sl!>me ten million tons. • • Illinois Has New Compensation Law District 12 President Hugh White has reported to the Journal that a new compensation law bas been passed by the _Illinois legislature calling for unemployment benefits ranging from $30 a week for single persons to $45 -a week for persons with four or more dependent children. 'rhe former range was $28 to $40 a week. White ls a member of the Governor's Advisory Board on Unemployment Benefits. The UMWA actively supported the new oill in the form in which it was enacted. I - ~• --- 50 'f'EARS OF l'\IARRIAGE -were celobrotcd recently b:v lflr. a11d lflrs. J. P. Wiley of Centro.Ila, DI. Wiley, 72, ls n retired coal miner, a membt'r of UM.WA Local Un_ion 52, and has lived at Centralln. for 4 7 years. Mr. and l\In. WUey ha.ve three chll~n. ee,·en grnndchlldren and four gl't'ntgrnndchlldren. nN.a rntnf..l.Jen._ nrr Tn nnn �august lo, 19a, DISTRICT 22 CONVENTION-Delegates, guest·s and friends are shown in this picture tu.ken at the convention of Ul\I\VA District 22 which was held at the Newhouse Hotel, Salt Lake City, Utah. District President J. E. Brinley presicled :rncl rousing speeches were delivered by guest orators Henry Allai and John Kmetz. •Allui is Intemationul Bon.rd Illember for Dlstrict 14 and Kmetz is International Bou.rd Member for District 1. Reports were given by District 22 officiais including International Board :l\lember l\,lalio Pecorelli, Secreta.ry-Troasu.rer Arthur Biggs, Vice President Frank Sacco, and Edward Sheya, attorney for the District. Other guest spealcers were: Donald McFarland, supervisor of the Pensions Department of the UMWA Welfare and Retirement Fund; Dr. William A. Dorsey, Welfare Fund area medical supervisor in Denver, Col9., and l\llss Acla Kruger of the Denver Welfare Fund Office. That One Vote NEW BUFFALO, Mi-ch. {PAI) - Who says -one vote doesn't count! Frank A. Castelluccino, 23, a law student, knows that it does. Castelluccino received an absentee ballot for the ·Michigan spring elections and saw that no one was running in his township as highway commissioner. The University of Detroit freshman decided to write in his own name. His one vote-the only one cast for the job -stood up. He's - now New Buffalo's new highway commissioner. A leading utility executive who anticipates some "gradual" loss by the .coal :industry to nuclear fuel , has said he believes "on balance, even the atomic energy scales will be tipped in favor of coal for at least 10 to ..:., 20 year~-" Utilities Burn 12.6 Million Tons Of Coal In May: Highest Consumption On Record Coal consumption by electric utility power pl~ts was 12,599,829 tons in May, the highest May coal consumption on record and an increase of 4.6 percent over the -12,048,573 tons consumed in May, 1956. This is according to the latest statistics from the Federal Power Commission. The May, 1957, total · was .8 percent above ·the 12,496,533 tons consumed in Apdl. Twelve months consumption of ·coal by the utilities totaled 160,377,105, an increase of _3.9 percent as compared with totals for the 12 months ending May, 1956·. • The indicated May rate for combustion of coal was .92 pounds per kilowatt hour compared with .93 pounds a year earlier. Coal stocks on hand at electric utility power plants on· June .1 tptaled 48,558,395 tons, 12 percent above the 43,056,275 tons in stock a year earlier and 4.1 percent above the 46,659,620 tons in stock at the beginning of the previous month. In terms of days' supply, based on the rate of consumption for May, there were sufficient stocks of coal on hand on June 1 to last 119 days as comp~red with 112 days a mol)th before and 111 days a year ~arlier. . . • • Fuel oil consumption· by the electric .utilities increased -41.3 percent in May, -1957;- a_,; . compax:cd with May, 1956: The May consumption of fuel' oil was 2.5 percent below that for April, 1957. • Consump~ion of gas dropped 1.7 percent during May, 1957, as compared W1th May, 1956. May, 1957, gas use was 10 percent above that of April . It's A Rarity Bn 'iiexas Lumps of anthracite were in demand with -a contingent of Texans at the recent Valley Foi:ge, Pa., national jamboree of the Boy Scouts of America. Swaps of just about every character were a favored passt i m e-and . opportunity for making n e ~~ friends...:._arnong the thousands of Scouts who represented many couhtries be: sides the U.S. Frank Walsh, Scranton Times correspondent, reported anthracite lumps were traded for horned toads in a deal between some Pennsylvania Scouts and the Texas boys. During . the 18 months between October, 1954, and March, 1956, electric utility companies burned· more than 218 million tons of coal for power a tonnage equal to nearly haif of 1955's total bit_uJ?linous production of 470 m1lhon tons. �Au~st 15, 1957 ' United Mine Workers Journal I Screenings 'ii'ranquilizer Modern fa milies don't worry about the wolf any m or e. They just: feed him in installments.- S urvey Bu lletin. Some Fact~ About ~if~ Missing Wealthy people miss one of life's greatest thrills-paying the last installment. -Sunshine Maga zine. All women are convinced:. That they weigh too much. That they are busier than anybody in the CoouDill'ioned R.eflex This Can Lead To Socialism? whole world.. • A Marine officer and his family were· on Khruschchev thinks our grandchildren a bus in San Francisco, en route home to That nobody realizes how hard they work. Minnea polis. H e was reading a newspaper. That nobody else's house gets as messed- will be socialists. He is. smart to skip our ~hildren who, judging by the way they up as theirs. • . His wife was tending the baby and their r owdy small son was cavorting in the aisle. That their husbands and children are not pursue their fees for grass-cutting. dishwashing and baby-sitting, are unshakeco-operative. Just then a n earthquake hit. . / able capitalists. -Portland Oregonian That men are impractical. •.· . Without even J9oking up from his paper, the Marine yelled a t the kid, "All right, · That they do not "have · enough clothes. That men are not interested 'in anything Mariners Count you, cut t ha t out !" important. . - Minneapo{is Tribune. A small girl developed a disconcerting That thsir houses need re-decorating. . habit of running into the neighbors' houses That tliey , do not get· -th'e consideration unannounced. The other day a neighbor f.12lo wel/' 01 'ii'hought they deserve. asked her, "Suzanne, why don't you knock Art Linkletter was interviewing some or ring the doorbell instead of just walkkindergarten children on hi.s show one All men are convinced: ing in?" after noon. That nobody realizes how hard they work. "Do you like school?" he asked one. "Because,'' explained Suzanne patiently, That nobody's wife is as fussy a house"Yes," said the tot. "Except when we're "my mommy told ~e not to go around keeper as their;;. ringing people'.s doorbells." naughty and get sent to the thinking That women talk too much. ta ble." That women are extravagant. "Oh," said Linkletter, "a,nd what do you That this year's fashions are the craFest Promotion think about at the thinking table?" yet. Head of the White House Secret Serivce "We think," was the answer, "about not That they know the one spot in the whole detail in F.D.R. days, Mike Reilly, tells hitting anyone." , . country where the fish bite best. of Secret Service man Tommy Callaghan I That women are not interested in anything calling on top boss Frank Wilson to ask Escapist important. for a raise. "Why do you think you deA young man who complained of his That nobody realizes how much they have serve a raise?" asked Wilson. "From dreams was being reassured by his psyon their minds. • what I hear you spend most of your time chiatrist. 'That t hey do not get the consideration in Chicago in third class saloons." Re"Stop worrying, son," the- doctor conthey deserve. • plied Callaghan, "That's just it. I need a soled, "it's perfectly normal for a fellow That women bave no sense· of humor. raise so I can spend more time in first class like you to dream he is being pursued saloons."-Eagle. • by beautiful girls. There's nothing wrong All children are convinced: in dreaming that lovely girls are chasing That their parents are stricter than anySmall Comfort you." , body else's. From the New Yorker, which eve!ly sum"But doctor," the youth moaned uncon- That everyone gets a bigger allowance mer swears off after printing a couple of soledly, "I keep getting away." than they do. "camp classics,'' comes ·t his story of an That everybody else gets to stay up later 11-year-old girl's first written report· to We Nominate For So~ething thEl.n they do. the home folks. Seems her parents had The woman who drives 9 miles to save Tqat they don't get as good report cards 29 cents on groceries, and stops enroute to as they deserve because the teacher has been after her for some time to behave less like a tombo)' and more like a proper it in for them. • purchase 69 cents worth of ice cream cones for the kids; the man who plays golf to That nobody else has .to do as many chores young lady. "Dear Mummy and Daddy," she \'\>Tote, as they do. keep thin but hires a boy to mow the lawn; "your worries are over. I am really growthe wife who scrimped for years to buy That their parents are ·very old-fashioned. ccirpeting for the living room a_n d now That they will someday be rich and fa- ing up. I am in a tent with older girls and all we talk about is boys and stuff. mous. won't let · anyone ·walk on it; the husbanql who lies awake all hours of the night but That· grownups are not interested in any- Love, Linda. "P.S. Please send me some more jacks snores all through the preacher's sermon thing U"llPOrtant. --Jane Goodsell, PAI. and a water pistol." on Sunday.-The Furrow Praise Inflation "How did you do at school today, dear?" asked the little ' lad's mother: "All right, I guess," was the answer. "Teacher said I was a regular little beaver." "She did?" exclaimed the parent proudly. "That goes to show what a hard-worker you are!" Joe E. Lewis was bemoaning the high cost of living. "Do you 'realize," he told a pal, "it's gone up another $1 a quart? 0 "We-1-1, not exactly,'' said the boy. "It was really for chew- illn 11 1nnnll Officials at the big Whamclitre colliery at Barnesley, England, have agreed to start the work day one hour earlier so that mine workers can get home in time to ha,·e a _glass of beer, watch television and see their children before they �Page 24 United Mine Workers Journal By Margaret Moran August 15, 1957 Simple Sea~onings Fresh green vegetables· need Give Vegetables A LJft not take! on a wasfied-out look when cooked properly. If they Bit:; of crumbled, crisp bacon are ·cooked until' tender but or salt pot k, or a Uttle left-over still slightly crisp, and cooked ham, make a nice .addition under cover, they can lookto cooked -vegetables. Fin e and taste-good enough to chopped onion or onion juice bring calls for second helpings. adds a peppy touch.· • For boiling, use lightly salted Try a ' dash· o{ Chinese soy water-~{! teaspoon salt ana ½ sauce 011 chard, spinach, or to one cup water, depending broccoli. A tablespoon or t wo on cooking time. Bring the of green pepper or parsley does water to a boil before adding wonders for snap beans or the vegetable.. After adding summer squash. Cook a few the vegetable, cover the pan. mint leaves with peas. Try a When the water boils again, pinch of herbs or spice in the reduce heat. Some green vegwater when cooking .lima beans. etables, such as shredded cabA little vinegar and sugat' bage or - spinach leaves, may heated together, with or withrequire as little as three minout a few_tablespoons of cream, utes to cook tender. Green is a popular dressing for snap Hrna beans may take 20 to -30 beans or cabbage. • Try a dash minutes, snap beans i5 to 30 of nutmeg in cream sauce for minutes. 64 I ~P_} .t,:--:}, vegetables. When boiling leafy greens, "Let's see, now ; what'll I have?" such as spinach . and beet ~oint· up flavor of cooked greens, the water clinging to v.egetables by seasoning with the leaves after washing them flavorful fats-bacon drippings, may be all the water needed in cooking. Cor·!t Clwwde,· table. fats, or salad oil with lemon juice,. Put the greens into the pan, adding salt horseradish or a whisper of garlic. in layers throughout. Reduce heat after ~f you ~se b,acon drippings, add b\tS of Two slices bacon, diced, ¼ cup-chopped steam begins to escape and cook slowly to onion, 2 cups fresh corn cut off cob, 2 cups crisply fried bacon. These are especially prevent sticking. • boiling water, 1 quart milk, 1 ½ cups good with spinach ·or other greens. Serve the' vegetables promptly. Flavor mashed potatoes, 1 tablespoon salt; ½ teaBut go easy. with these seasonings. Their will suffer when they are allowed to stand. spoon whole marjoram leaves, •crumbled, pungency easily overshadows the delicate . ¼ teaspoon ground pepper, 8 saltine crack- flavors of vegetables. ers. Batter·-Coated Squash Rings Fry bacon until crisp. Remove and add Baked Summer Squash onion. Saute until limp. Add corn and One pound summer squash, 1 cup panwater. Cook for 10 mµiutes. Stir in milk, ' Six small summer. squashes, .boiling cake flour, 1 cup milk, fat for frying. water, ½ teaspoon minced parsley, Wash squash and cut in ¼ inch slices. potatoes and seasonings. Heat. Crumble salted teaspoon salt, ;i cup grated' Parmesan Mix pancake flour and milk in a small a cracker in each bowl . and pour in soup. ½ cheese, 1 cup cream cheese, 1 green onion bowl, beat until smooth with rotary beater. Garnish with crumbled bacon. minced, 1 tablespoon heavy cream, ¾ tea~ Melt fat 1-inch deep in heavy fry pah. Casserole Of Vegetables spoon pepper, dash of paprika, grated ParDip sq41sh_slices into batter and fry in mesan cheese, milk. hot fat, a few at · a time, until golden One cup diced potatoes, 1 cup· diced Cook the whole squashes in boiling brown, about 3 minutes. Drain on brown celery, 1 cup green peas, 1 cup lima beans, salted water. Drain. Scoop out the cenpaper, sprinkle with salt and keep in· slow 1 medium onion, chopped, ¼ cup rice, 1 oven until ready to serve. Yield: 6 serv- cup cooked tomatoes, 1 teaspoon salt, ¼ ters, leaving a substanti.a l wall. Mix the scooped out pulp .with parsley, salt, ¼ ings. teaspoon pepper, 4 bou_illon cubes, 2 cups • cu;> grated Parmesan cheese, cream cheese, boiling water, 1 to 2 tablespoons butter or omon, cream, pepper and paprika. Sprinkle Scalloped Green Vegetables substitute. , • with grated Parmesan_cheese and refill the Dissolve the bouillon cubes in the boiling shells. . Place in · a' well greased shailow Start with any cooked vegetable. Try water and combine with rest of ingredients baking pan, pour in the milk and. bake two or more together. Asparagus with except butter. Turn into a greased cas- in a moderate oven about 20 minutes. cabbage-snap beans with ~ut-up broccoli . serole, dot with butter, cover and bake -lima beans with one of the green leafy in . a slow oven about 2 hours · or until the (;auliflower. W(th ·cheese Sauce vegetables-are three of many good com- vegetables are tender. I . binations. One medium head cauli:flower,1 ¼ cup Two cups drained cooked green veg- Cucumber In Sour Cream butter or substitute, 1/.1 cup flour, 1 teaetables, 1 to 1 ½ cups medium white sauce, spoon salt, 1 teaspoon. dry mustard, 2 cups salt to taste, pinch of dry herbs, ¼ cup With Fresh Dill : milk, F cup grated American cheese, 1 dry bread or cracker c~bs, 1 tablespoon cup soft bread crumbs, 2 tablespoons butter or substitute. Two cucumbers, about 8 inches long, 1 . melted butter. Combine vegetable sauce and seasonings cup thinly sliced onion rings, ¼ cup sour Remove leaves and stalk from cauliin a . greased baking dish. Mix crumbs cream, 1 tablespoon yinegar, 1 tablespoon flower. Separate into flowerets. Rinse in with the butter and sprinkle over the water, ½ teaspoon salt, ¼ teaspoon ground cold. running watf:!r. Boil uncovered in vegetable mixture. Bake in a moderate white pepper, 2 tablespoons fresh dill, large kettle of boiling, salted water about oven until sauce is bubbling and the top- finely chopped, two hard-cooked eggs, 10 minutes, or until tender. Drain. Melt ping slightly browned, about 30_·minutes. sliced. . butter, blend in flour, salt and mustard, For variety: Put the vegetable and Wash cucumbers, wipe dry and score gradu~y add milk. Cook over boiling sauce into the dish in separate layers, down the sides with · a fork. Slice thin water, stirring constantly until thickened. with a sprinkling of grated cheese or :finely and combine with onion rings, sour cream, Blend in cheese. Ar.range cauliflower in chopped onion or parsley or cooked mush- vinegar, water, salt, ground white pepper individual baking dlshes. Cover with rooms between layers. Use ½ cup smrul and dill. Toss lightly. Turn into serving sauce. Toss crumbs with melteg butter. Garnish with hard-cooked egg Sprinkle on cauliflower. Bake in a hot bread cube;; in place __ of the. crumbs, and bowl. w15° . -----...- � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource United Mine Workers Journal Aug. 15th, 1957 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. August 15th, 1957 Subject The topic of the resource United Mine Workers Journal, 1957 Description An account of the resource A copy of the United Mine Workers Journal from 1957. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0270 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.