https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/44fd4efc86f1f03b3e15994723cb9ff5.pdf 4bdee0eca5da79b41d17b7233255f8ab PDF Text Text . I ti' tllo 2,1-1-• :·ro1.1 , C i' - -- __ . . .. O_)id t ·l ·, 1 •11i i._ ~ ·- . •' to t f , I 7e a i u r l. yo yo f: I I Sli:P !: Or1,::ln GEG: 'E B, PRYDE 1 �A ftJ \, ~\..EGRAMS:-\"CARLOW, PHONE, LEVEN." "FIFCOL, GLASGOW," "FIFCOL, LONDON." TeLi:zPHONE N'?! 161 & 162 LEVEN x~~~~ HEAD OFFICE, ~ George B. Pryde, Esq., The Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, WYOMING, U.S.A. 24th February , 1 939 . Dear Mr. Pryde, Many thanks for your letter of 9t h instant enclosing copies of pamphlet descriptive of your new mine. One does not wish to be guilty of envy, but the section through your coal seams (seven in number) on page marked 19, does make one wish that thos e nonderful formations were available to us in this country, instead of our spending large sums of money in g etting down to our relatively thin seams. It is also with pleasure that I note the confidence with which you plan out the projected work, indicating that no faults or geological displacements of any kind are contemplated. I do desire you every success, '\'lhich, may I venture to say, has been well deserved by the complete manner in which everything is thought out and desie;ried at the beginning. It is noted that you propose to bring the coal to the surface by a series of belt conveyors. This is a great idea with shallo\7 seams and v1here the belt slope can be arranged at 18°. This system suggests to me that all the seams are of similar quality and that the coal from all of the seams can therefore be mixed, which is a state of affairs not usual with us. �c%.........................Q:~.Q~g~....!;?.. ;l?..+.~Y..9.-.~.. ~.§.g.~....................?..4:::.?.."."..99 ............. ! ... .. Jl .•.. c~?'e ..............:z................................... At the present moment r,e are considering another winding shaft, \·,here we hope to be able to adopt skip winding, but where the seruns underground are of diff erent qualities and will be used for different purposes. The idea is that there should be three chutes a t the surface, each delivering into its o,;m proper conveyor, VIhich in turn ,.,i ll take the coal to three separate screens. By means of an a rrangement of steel flaps, the coal out of each skip is designed to be diverted into its proper chute and conveyor. The man at the pit bottom will have to signal electrically to the man at the surface, indicating the grade of coal being loaded into the skip , and while the skip is travelling, the man on the surface will have to arrange the flaps to divert the conte nts of the skip into the proper chute and on to the proper conveyor . All these things are necessary in our conditions, where the large coal from the different seams may var y considerably in quality, useful purpose, and price. We like your large mine cars, but those which we are adopting are narroY:er and higher. Not having so good roof conditions, we like to keep the roads narrow. The capacity is 3 tons 10. Dr. riilliam Reid asked if he might write a Paper on our new Comrie development to connnunicate to the Institute of Petroleum, and if you uould like to be informed about our new pit, I am sure he ,;10uld be pleased to send you a copy of his Paper. Meantime I thank you for the pamphlets, copies of which will immediately be forriarded to the names marked upon them, and our people will be as pleased as I am to have this information. Yours faithfully, ��Febr uary 9 9 1939 r::. l.ucus-tus Car lo·:.i, Esq . c/o :F 'ife Cot1l Com~cmy 9 Ltd . Lovonp ? i fesiiire ScotL..:nd Dea r t:r . Carlor, : I knor, ~rou ~ ro i ·,(".0rs3tcd in -~Lo cievcloprr.en-,,,; o f our nou □i ne , t Su~·crio? 1.7;1ic:. \"'e 1-., s~ n-::i:-ed the D. o. Cl~rk :.:inc 9 , uri I ~ r: scnj i ~1b }O'.J • .. ory o f ,.~ reprint of n.n nr t iclo r s:.c..rJ inf tLio cine ~-,i i ch t: i.J c:..•r cd ia 11!2ccl1l11i2L"!-ion." I lli!l nl so ·. ·ttt.cl ing 0 11 0 co_.,y eL.c n for Dr . .illitirn Reid 0 ~r. C. C. ::ai d 9 ~l'lti [ r. L. l·. ! c ~Jeil. I wo uld be ciuch c bliiced i f you \·;ould ht,nd tt1osa to them. Very sincerely yoursp �(✓ _.,.r" l f\ . •1:.GR AM S :• { ~ LOW, PHONE, LEVEN." "FIF COL, G L ASGOW," "FtF COL, L ON DON." TELEPHONE N~! 151 a , 62 Le:vEN XS!jd~~~ H EA D OFFICE , ~ 7th February , 1 9 3 9 . George B. Pryde, Es q . , The Union Pacific Coal Company , Rock Springs, hYOiVIING, U.S.A. Dear Sir, Mr. Carlow, YiTho is u nfortu..nately confined to b ed with an attack of influenza, has asked me to thank y ou for your letter of the 24th ultimo and for the copy o f the J;1a gazine 11 ?. ECHANIZ.A~ IOr,~11 enclosed therewith. 1'1. r. Carlov, nill peruse the I•.;a I azine .-Iith i nt ere st and will no d o1lbt communicate ·with you on his return to business. Yours faithfully, ---I\. �Doc.r L:r. c~r l o,·, : !.'.i nc, :i.n ·.-;Lich I om c-... r e :·ou ,,ill , c : nt~:·1,,ste.i . t.bout oi x hund r ed tone c f cc~l p3r !.icy . :o ,·;ill be p ro- ci udng Ei.bout t ~. clve buna r ed to.,c pe r <lq by tho e 1'lc o f t his Ti.a u rticlc r;ritt cn by Dr. ~:::1·~:: io ouite interes·bnr c.1:d I u n ocndi!lt it t o you fer ~o ur infort~t.tion e nd f iles. v ery Sinc erely Yours, Qr\,:\nal S\gned: GEORG ~ B, PRYDE \ �f-<tCEIVED MAR 2 1 1938 VI C E P RESI D ENT, O PER ATION 086 Omaha - Maro 19. 19380 Mr. Go Bo Pryde: I em ret urni ng Mr . C. Au.::,~stus Car low' s l et ter - received with yours of the 15th and 11as delighted t o lmow that he uas headed for the Royal Society of Edinburgho Some years ago I uas i nvit ed to join the PRS of Great Britai~ which I declined, not feeling the expense was justi - fied. Later, when I mentioned the matter t o Mro Gray~ he repri manded me very severely for not making the i nvest ment, however at. my tiJ1e of of life, I still think I \18.S quite r i ght . �,, 7. (. March 15, 1938 C. AUvl:.;.,.:us Cn.rlcn.1, Esq. 'i11e :.i1ifo Gocl CoIDpeny, Limited Leven, :~ifeohi::.~o Seo tland I am more than pleased t o have your l etter of the fir s ·c in s t.~n t, and d esire to congr n·~-ul a te you upon your nolllinaUon for el eetion as l<cllo n of th~ 3oyal Society of Edinburgh, 'fihich i :.:; I:! disti ngui shed honor, and i t mu s t afford you a great deal of satisi'u.ction 'i;~ 112.vc this 1·ecocni tion . I t:n t..,lad, indeed., t o 111.1.·,10 ;y,.:iu:- ututement. ret.,;arclint; t;. .e .l.in!:,1.Ueers, as thc.t oee..1::; to be n r.or l dm. de si tua tiou. Ho st of the youu1.;, 1.m e:;in,3e2·0 in H.1i .3 country J,)rci'er to LO in to p0tro l cun, ch.~cal, 0 1· metnl-mini115 ·,Jork . l?o J: Eomo ycr:.ru ne t..,e.vc sc}.o l a:rships to the cons of ou r c::iployeo \'Jho could pass a COlllJ.Jeti ti ve c~unina tion. ':le h~,-e t-lu: ce of our eradua te1J \","OI'kint; fo:r us no n , m1d are considering the a<.ivi sabillty of restol'int; t:i1 ..~i; pl'a.c ·Uce '.~ich ,:e ~i aeon tinuod come y ears ago . V ~lo 1,ece,--i tly rccei ved three citations from the Josm>h A. Holraes Safe ty Association for the year 1937/, au follo·r1s : J,J.;L SUPERIOR 1-ilNES "B II • II Cu , "D'' • ftlTJ) "E" THE tnTIO:U ? ACI !'IC CO ft].. COilP J,J.TY Su:t.1eriol'.', r.ycminb For operntirlG tl thout a fatality from lJecember 11, l1J35 to l)ec ember :Sl, 19S7, emi>loyirig Dll averuge of 587 men, working 1,928,551 mnn-houra and l'ro ducing l,7~6,b52.65 tons pf coal. Ianes ' 1 B 11 t.r1d "C" had ,tireviously \·.:orked. over a yea1· \'Ji th.out a lo st-time accident, p1oclucing more than 600,000 tons of t.'Oal . n"le mines are entirely mechnnized. �2 FELI JilT CE llll!ES '.JLJ U1iIOH J?ACIFI C COi\L COHJ:> A?TY Reliance, \'Jy omine; i!'or o:.. O:·.'-..~.,::.nG \Ii t hou t a f'a t a li t y f l •o:.i J c.nU:..!.l'V ::m, 1003 tu Do1JEnber 31, 1 937 , erupl oyin e; an nver;_,_,c o:::' ~.!SJ :·1t...'1 , \;o!'ltlnc; 2 , 20l , '7G-1 nicm-l!ou1~s i n 1, 10 ::!. . 3 ..l:3JT _;, end produ ci n g 2 , 0 1 5 ,~32 . 30 ton EJ o f coul. .}H: mine is enti r el y me ch uni zcci . 'i '.E:J U:.i!OH PAOI J!,Y C COAL COIJP.AUY ~o ck Springs , rlyo!!ling L'o:,:· hav-lnL irn_Jroved the a cci d ent 1·ecord o f i ts mine s :r1~ou 44 '1 , 776 a cn- hou:;.~s p e:r :fa. t a l i ty and. 1 5,61 7 man-hou rs pex accicien t i n the 5-se ur peri od 19 2 3 to 19 27 , inclusive , to 731 , 20 5 mc.nhouro p0r ft:. t al i ty ana. o l ,16~ man-hours 1JeJ: a cci dent i n the 5-yca..l" !Je!·ioci 19 33 to 2.9 37 , i n c lu sive . The tons per ~utul i t y i n th~ f i r ot peri od 1:mr c 2J9 ,3'14 .::ncl i n t he l &ttcr p eriod 63b , 892 ; ·oon:J per u cci d ant i u the :fi l'st 1,J eri od b eine; 10,511 [.JlC. i n tlle GCCO tlL. .:,)Cl'i Ltl 53 , 102 . Thi s , o:f co urse, ai'fo ~do u :.:; L 1.-:..~ee.t deal of s r-i.ti sfac t i on . ·::e ~re try in..:, des1;er c.tel y h e rd t o l,O t h.rouc;h t.1-li s y ec.r \:i thout ""'f'a.tc.li ty . J3e1n s ~"'. _::i.·i t i. C::!. .;r , I rm.s crcc. t l y sho eked a t t h e uct:J.012 of i',c.1o l f Tii ·Uer i n (;,'O ii1G i n t o Aus t l,i u . It s e ai:10 t here 1 s no rmy of stoppi ng hil!l u i 'i.h.e pr escn ·t tiia.e . I h o .:,) e thr: t the 3 r l t i eh co vernoen i. \'Ji t h i ·t s 1· eu.1-rac.! !i er! t 1,1ro £;.I' aD. , .:ill feel c ·i;ronG enough i n t he n e nr futu:z-e ta cell h i s bluff , co h e certa i nly ''pulled sowe fa.ot ones . :r It s~ems to me the si tuation c.:1mot .~.'..el l) bu. t :,rin 6 r:ar t o E~ro p c . Someho r1, oor.1er1.1.1er c, ·Uie other n a t ion s will have to s top hi e ambi tion o f or por:er to.nd terri to :.:-y . '.i".h c buoi nec::1 condition s i n t:1i s co un try ui·e not at all encou rc{;i. ng . Ylh i le t he Uni t cd Stat es gpvemment uill g1 v e eo?!le rel i ef to i ndus t r i es i n the fe m o f l e ::;aen ed taxat ion, I am 2f'rnid i t i s not enoush, t o u soi ot v ery crea.tl~ . Alco, t h e railroads huve b een e,rro1t ed a slic;ht increaEle i n f r eight rate a , which i a not , in any u ay , co mmensurate \"ii t h t !J.eir needs . It \'las hoped that t."ley ,.ould f;et �3 enonc).1 :Ln ..,:.:•~·Q.::.:C so t:ii..,. t they coul tl t;,o ou t and buy equ :lpn!..-'! t. :' Hd 11ut no:i:'e r 1en to i::o:rk. but t.h.n t oeCJllG to be 0 1..vc: uf U.,.:, CJ.Uesti ou . 'i'l1e only hove of 1m.si ness imyro"lie:-!lW ·;; o~erns t o be in "i.;h e hou.sinb !_1To j ects , :...no. ii1 tLo :;,,'0..1:;.'h!~'.tlen t :9:rogram , \'Jh i ch, i ✓G seems, i s uJ in~ io be c:~tcu ;:;:lv·.~ . T.he g enera l business condi tions in ·i:;h i o <.:om1'i:,-:ry r~l.'G n o i i n goo{ sh ape . 1 1.il:.\t I congratulate you again upon the s .i. 6'flD.1 hoi'l01" whicl~ ha~ come to you , nnd ex t end t o you my kind e i.; t 1H~:r £0 n 0. r e[sai-d s • Very ~in cer el y yours , Origl n:i.l Signed : GEORGE B. PRYDE �You 17ill no doubt be i n te:re:::t,ed in thG aVi;~1,.cl1ed l e tter Orl~ln:i.J Sign'!:'!: GEORGE 8. PP.YD[ 1 • �TELEGRAM S:• \"CARLOW, PHONE, LEVEN." "FIFCO L , GLASGOW," -:_'-. " FIFC OL, L ONDON." T E L E PH O NE Nn 15 1 a 162 LEVE N x~~D~~J ~ ~ $ft: I / 5th Ma rch, 1938 . Georg e B. P~yde , Esq., The Union Pacif ic Coal Company , Roc k Spr i n g s , \ :YOMI NG, U . S. A . ~Sy dear I,;ir. Pryde, I wish to acknowle dg e , :,i'ch thanks, your l ett er of 1 February 21 st with enclosure , which I assure y ou I s hall read with very g reat int eres t . Your s f a ithf ully , �S~ TS1.iAilf. ,, 22.2.38. '-,..,) •"'\ ,- t ROYAL SOCIETY -+- Nominees for Fellowship ELECTION NEXT MONTH Tue following candldat1:s have been recomJndcd for election 11s Fellows of the Royal ciety of Edinburgh at the ordinary meeting March 7 : Chnrles Henry Wllliam Gat:icre Anderson, Sc. (Edin.), headmnster and superintendent the Royal Blind Sc'hool, Edinburgh, 12 West .vile Road. Edinburgh, 9. Paul Bacsich, M.D. (Sze11ed, Hungary), Lecrer in Humon Embryology, University of lnsgow, 81 Crown Road South, Glns1.1ow. W.2. David Armitage Bannerman, M.B.E.. Sc.D., .A. (Cantab.>. supernumerary staff, Departent oC .Zoology, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 'Pembroke Gardens, Kensington, London, ·.s. Alexander William Morton Bever idge, trea.rer of the Bank of Scotland, and ex officio ,air man of the managers of the banks in :otland. 44 Inverleith Place. Edinburgh, 4. Geo!frey Bernard Brook, D.Sc. (Vet. Sci.>. R.C.V.S .. di strict veterinary oHiccr, County :>uncll oC Staffordshire, Cavendish Lodge, :wer idge, Derby. .chllrlcs Aui:~sJus S::at:Jow,_managing direr.~ onl Co., I.:td .. Pre5i<Icnnfrlncln· ~;OJl. 0LM1Yr1n!!"'Engiri"cers:· ciiiwooci 'Hall, ~ ~fe. · -~ ~r Iain "Colquhoun. K.T., Baronet of ColJhoun and L uss, D.S.O.. LL.D.. Rector. n ivcrslty o( Glasgow. 1934·37. Ro~sdhu, Luss. l\larlln Melvin Cruickshank. M.D., Ch.M. '\berdJ . F.R.C.S.E.. D.O.M.S. (Lond.), Lieut.ol. I.M.S.. nnd Professor oC Swgery. Madras :cd lcal College. Pantheon House, Pantheon <>ad. Madras. Stanley Cursiter, O.B.E.. R.S. W,, R.S.A.. ircctor o( National Ga lleries or Scotland, r unsta ne House, Portobello, Midlothian. John Michael Dew:1 r. M.O. <Edin.), I.R.C:.P.E., 5 Chalmers Street. Edinburgh, 3. Norman J\'l'Omish Dotl. F.R.C.S.E.. ncuro•iticol sur i:con to the Royal Infirmary and the rcturer on Neurological Sur.itcry. University f Edinburgh, 3 Chalmers Crc~cent, Edinu ri:h. 9. T he Righ t Ron. Lord Elphinslonc, K.T., ,L .D.. formerly President. Royal Scottish :co,:lrophicnl Soclct)·· Carberry Tower, lus,cl burgh. Midlothmn. Charles Henry P earson GifCord, M.A. Cantab.). pnrtner in Baillie. Gifford. & Co.. Glcnfinla, Street, Edinburgh, 3: 32 S tafford trcct. Edinburgh. 3. C'cc-il Gordon, MSc. (Cape Town). 'Ph.D. Lond l. Lc-cturcr in Genetics. Department ol :a•ural H,,-tory, University of Aberdeen. William Smith Gordon, P h.D., M.R.C.V.S. 'hicf Bacteriologist. Mored un Institute ~nimnl Dhcases Rrscar ch Association. G il• '.'!Pr!r,n, 2 Northfl<'ld, L,bcrton. Edlnburi;h. Rom Kumnr Goyal. M.B.. B.S. (PunJabl il!.n.C.P., M.n.c.s.. Ph.D IEdln.l. r escnrct vork<'r. School or 'froolcal l\!cdicinc, Cal, Ull:l. Indln. .Ttlm<'s Rob!'rlson Campbell Grl'cnlccs. M.A. ,1.R., B.C'. CC"nntob.). hendmastcr of Lorette ,chool, Mu~sclburgh. Georiic lloi:arth. chairman of the F isher> 3oard ror Scotlnnd, 101 Geor1?e Street, 4C !:lllot Rond, Ed inbu rgh, l J. • J omes Dn lgleish Humll(on Jamieson. Hhrhct ::>cnlnl Dlolomn lc. L.D.S .. n.c.s. (Edin.), Lec.urcr on Dental Diseases, University of Edin>uri:h, 29 nnd 58 Gcorl(c Squnre, Edmburgh, s: All ister Midd leton MacGll livroy, M.D. (St '\ndrcws). Lecturer in Clinica l Ophthaln otoi:v. University or St Andrews, 5 Clarenion Terrace, Dundcr. Akxandcr Mnckic. B.Sc.. Ph.D. (Edin.) science master , Trinity Academy, 2 St John': ft"rrace. Edmburgh, 12. WIiiiam Hutchison M'Millan. B.Sc. (Glas.) \J,l.l\l.E., Hood Professo r or Minln i:. Universit: :>( Edinburgh, nnd P rof<-ssor or Mlnin.11 Heriot-Watt Coll<-i:<-. Edinburgh. 5 Go rdo1 r<'rrnce. Ed inburgh. !). Donald Mainland. M.B.. Ch.M.. D.Sc. <Edin.: Professor or Anatomy. Forrest Building, Dal :1ous1c Un ivcr5ity, Halifax. Novo Scotia. Charles Alexander Malcolm. M.A .. Ph.D. Li brarian. Signet Librnr.v. 21 Finclhorn PlacE Eclinburi:h, !). Sir J ohn Maxwell Stirlin.l! Maxwe ll, K.T. ~r Pollok. Baronrt. nnd of Corrour, D.L. LL.D.. Pollok House. Glnsi:ow. S.3. Hnrrv Henderson Montcalh. W.S.. M.A. LL.a .. Professor or Conveyancm i;, Unfversill ~, Edlnburi:h <South Bridcc), JG Pnlmcrsto1 Pl nt•c, Edinburg h, 12. SanCor cl S terl ing Munr o, B.S.A. CM'Gllll 1\1.S. (Wisconsin), D.Sc. (Edin.), Poultr} ::icneticist. n ominlon De partment oC Agricultur e. Otta wn. Canada. Thomas Crawford Phem l5ter. D.Sc. CGlas.J Ph.D. (Ciintab.). F.G.S., Processor of Geology Un iversitv or AbPrclPen Andrew Maitlnnd Rnmsay, M.D.. LL.D, F .R.F.P.S.G.. formerly Lecturer in Ophthol m ology. University of Glasgow, The Castl1 House, St Andrews. The Right Hon. the Earl of Rosebery, D.S.O. M.C.. Lord-Lieutenant of Midlothian, Dal, meny House, Edinburiih. James Sandilands. A.H.-W.C., F.I.C., Senlo1 Lecturer In Chemistry, Heriot-Watt College 102 'Westholmes Gardens, Musselburgh. Arthur Henry Havcn5 Sinclair. M.P. F.R.C.S.E., Hon. Surgeon-Oculist to H.M. t111 King in Scotland. Consulting Ophthalmi, Surgeon, RoyaJ Infirmary, Edinburgh, G Char lotte Square, Edinburgh. !!. James Stewart, M.A .. D.Sc., Ph. D., Chie: Biochemist, Moredun Institute, Anfmnl D15 e.ises Resea rch Associolion, Gilmerton, 3: Halton PJ:ice, Edlnburith. 9. J ohn Livini:-stone Stewart. B.Sc. (Edin.) M.R.C.V.S., Director of Veterinary Services Gold Coast. Deonrtment of Animal Health Pong-Tamale, P.O. Box No. 32, Tamale Northern Territories, Gold Coast. Arthur Landsborough Thomson, C.B. O.B.E.. M.A., D.Sc. CAbcrd.), Prlncioal Assis jant Secretory. Medical Research Council, 1 Tregunter Road, London, S.W. JO. Robert Thomson, B.Sc., Mech.Eng. A.M.I.Mech.E.. Ph.D. CEdin.l, Educ11t!o1 omccr. Air Mlnlslry. Moorflcld. Terrie! Road. Butler's Cross. Aylesbury, Bucks. Andrew Topping, 1'.D., M.A .. M.D., D.P.ll <Abcrd.), A Senior Medlen! Of!ieer, Publl Health Depnrtmen!, London County Councl: 20 Lee Tcrrnce, Blnckheath. London, S.E.6. Arthur Elljnh Trucmnn, D.Sc,. F.G.S., Pro fcssor of Geology. Univcr~ity of Glasgow, 2 Quccnsborough Gorden~. Glnsgow. Oswald Jomes Wallcer, B.Sc., Ph..D. <Edin., T..ccturcr In Chemistry, University Colleg< Gower Street, London. W,C. t. Robert Wilson, master printer. head c Me5Srs H. & J. Plllons & Wilson, Edlnburgt l:l Corrennie Drive, Edinburgh, 10. G1!01•gc M'Crcnth Wyburn, M.B.. Ch.I: (Glas.), F.R.F.P.S.G., Ll'clurcr In Anntom, University of Glosgow. • �~ ~ : WEATHER FORECASTS Local Showers BRIGHT PERIODS; WARMER GENERhL INPERENCE.-An anticyclone covering the British Isles is slowly decreasing in intensity. It will be mainly fair in most .districts and somewhat warmer. S.E. ENCI.J\ND, E. ENCLAND, N.E. ENGLAND, S.E. !';COTL/\Nl>, N.E. SCOTLAND, ANl> OnKNEYS AND • Sm:nANDS - Wind northerly, light or moderate; local showe rs; bright periods; warmer. S.W. ENCLAND AND N.W. ENCL/IND- Wind northe rl y, light; fair; warmer. s.w. SCOTLAND, w. SCOTLAND. N.W. SconAND AND MID SCOTLAND- Light variable winds; fair, with considerable bright perioas; ave rage temperature. FURTHER OutLOOK.- Mainly !air. SEA PASSAGES ENGLISH CHANNEL, EAST (cr ossings from Southampton. Newhaven, and Weymouth)-Wind northerly, light; fai r; visibility good; sea s light. Srn,urs or DOVER, SOUTHERN NOHTI{ SEA (crossings Crom Harwich and Tham~s Estuary) -W lnd northerly, light or moderate; local s howers; visibility good; sea slii;:ht. I msH SEA (crossings from Holyhead, Liverpool Hcysham, and S tranraer) , ST Gf:ORGE'S CUANNEL (crossing from Fishgua rd )-Light varia ble winds; fair; visibility good; sea slight. ••··· · · · • ; ~: ·, - C '•) ·· HIGH [3047n 4 ~~ "j;)ff ~ l iv3, 30.4 1O~: E~t7.f·.!\ \:_:\: IO'l~ " b P.M. ~o!: s '.·."-: Low 3cil'I.,. •-, :ti. fEbRUAAv.,,la IlEM /\ RKS An a n ticyclone of diminis h ing Inte ns ity remained sta tiona r y over the Britis h Isles ; wlnds were m ainly light and variable. T h e ct ny wa s dry over most of the country, but s lii:ht r a in or drizzle fe ll in South-East England a nd Northern Scolland, Lerwick record ing__ 0.04 in, and C lac ton 0.02 in. We athe r was mainly dull in the South, but cons iderable bright periods were experienced In the Nort h; Holyhead recorded 8.2 hours o.l suns hine, Ban!£ 6.9 h ours . a nd Abe rdeen 5.8 hours. Temperature~ were generally a JU tic lowe r than on Sunday, th e hig hest temperature, 46 d egre es F, bei nJ( recorded at Scarboroug h and l3 rid llngton. Night screen frosts were gen e ral in Scotland and NorthWest En flla n<I, lhe lowc~t tcmpcrnt urc, 2 degrees li , being reco rded nt Abe rdeen an Pres twick. L oca l morn ing fog w as re ported from Scotland and North - We st E ngland. Weather al British Resorts l24 hours lo 5 p.rn, 1cttcrtliy1 .:,un• Tet11pcra1.urc1 !lliir,c Jtalr1 i\l h1. Ma x. Uouu ll:\ l"\t.. Day SCOTl,A.'iOIAtwh:k .. . .. . ... o.2 lfal ru .......... 3.l 0 ,04 3 8 30 - :~7 51 Abcn.l<'f'II • ..•••• G,EI - 2b l·' or rf"a ....... . ... 3.t> Ui,.uU .. .. . , ••. •• 6 ,!J ,-'-tontroso . . .... 5.6 Arbrottlh . .. , •. 7.8 .SL A ndrews .. . 4 .3 Dunft-rmHno .. .. 6,4 ;,(orth llcrwlck .. 4.2 Duu bar ... .•.... 3".6 Ohan ............ - - - - - '37 2 fl 30 29 3l 31 44 45 UrJ~hc. per-iods.. IlrlghL period.--i. Uri;hL pcr iQds.. i~~1in~•L J)Criods. 26 44 4 ;5 ClouJy. Dull. T urn berry - '50 - 4J Urh;bt. pcrfod, JJ r1~ l1\. por lod1. llright. perltida.. D rhi:ht J~ rlods. UrlJ,: 11\. .tnd l h1c. f'lttt11ly. • D rli;ht.. pa rk1,l.8. B right, µeriot.l\. DrJ;bt. p13rloda. 35 28 . ..... 3.4 42 Showe,,. Ur1;;ht a~ rhuh , 38 - P rc, t «lok . •. ... 4.Z 4-l 42 4."5 43 42 34 Dunoon ........ . 1.8 'rr"on .. . ...... 5 .7 ENGL,). '.'\)) AND Wa.U :S- 4 ;, '1 0 w c.. tber (OJyJ 43 44 45 .EAS'l' COA.8T- Banrfck-oo.1f wced 1.9 'J11·ncb,outb. . ..... R cdc,lr . .. ...... 1,7 Whftby ...... , . • 4.1 Scarborough . . . 3 .2 Hrldllo::-ton . . ... ~-7 Skc;rnc:,., •.• • •• • Cromer . . . . . . . . . l, l Yarmo µlh . ..... - So·u thcod . ..... Shtarntu ..... .. Whlt.toblc ...... lfornc 8 :ty . . .... llo r~alc ••••...• R:1m11oa:11tc •• •••• - Dc•I . . ... ... .... Dovtr ..... . ..... - = Sou:ru 43 ;55 41 40 37 39 1; 1uudy, Url,:h1. perlud1. llru::ht period~ ,,eri'1d.s. Cloudy, J)ull. Uull. 43 °10 40 42 .U ull. Dull. Uull. Dull. 37 37 ;:;9 41 Dull. Uull. 37 38 38 4l 4l • l>ull. Uull. Uull. 40 ::,a iiB 45 44 46 3~ li B~:n~tt ;;a §i 38 39 39 39 38 ~B fi~ll:_ 40 Uull. COA.S T- i-;E;utbourno ~:1~~:.·· .:::: ·: .... . - = Br,1:thtru, , . , , . .. - ~~r: rt: ,iwn ·::·:::: SouUJ~t" . . .... ... Vcntuor ... ...... Bournc:moutb. ... ~~~~~1o_ii~~li.•• ::: n :l\vtish ......... l o rquRy 41 ....... .. - Palgnton ........ Jene)" ...... ..... 3.2 Ciu6rnscy ...... .. 0,5 1~1,moUUl • ..... 0 .2 J,"a lll\01t1h ...... . - P cnzanco . . , . .. , 0.2 sa 4z nun. Ii!) J7 36 ~s s~ S7 07 40 41 ;;7 S6 SB 4l Uorll 40 40 40 38 40 42 40 Jlull. llull. Dull. Uull. llull. f)ull. Uull. 44 1:l0111!y. 43 40 41 42 JlriGIU, pcrJod,. l 'h1u1l1. Oull. Cluu,11. Wr.ll"l' 00AllT- Douglos •.. , .... . l.6 Mort:c.uribo ..... 5,!J lllockpool •• , . .. !i.3 Boni h p<>r t, • • .. • • 5.5 W11llu~y (~cw Drlp:ht on, .... - P rtshtl)'h • , .... . !t6 Rhyl . •.... . ....• :l.l 8'Ht,,1)ihtatl J:11·:1~1~:Y...::::: ~:? ... . • 8 .2 Abcr1>lwylh .... 0.3 'l'onby . .•... ... .• WeJton •P.••)h,ro ,. lllru<.-ornbo . ..... 'J'inll\;:t'l . . ..... .. 0.3 1 St 1,, ..,. .. ... .... Scilly hits .. . •• I INLAND- ~,l 4S f'luud1. Uriltht. pl'rll~I•.' :m 43 Drls bi. periods 32 ~:, 3i ;-;;; 38 H 44 •12 3~ 42 41 :.:!'/ 30 (iu :u ;;7 /;8 3S 'l .i 44 '13 44 4:i 41 4Z 40 3il 44 40 43 Uri\:ht. 11r n11tb . H 1f: (':, fl)', Jlr13ht pt1rio,ls. Clfluµ)'. llrl;h• rerlo~,. Uri~M iDull. ;~·:11. 1 nun. Dull. Cloudy, TJull. Dull. poriod,. �.... /TELEGRAMS : - \ " CARLOW, PHONE, LEVEN." "FIFCOL,GLASGOW," ~- TE~EPHONE N':'! 16 1&162 LEVEN " FIFCOL'.__LONDON."# ~~~~~ HEAD OFFICE, ~~ George B. Pryde , Es q., The Union Pacifi c Coal Company, Rock Springs, 1'",'YOLiING, 1st March, 1938. U . S .A . Dear Nir . Pryde, In some little haste, I wish to thank you f or your letter of February 10th and t o make a v ery few coIIl!!lents on the interesting points. The magazine n:Mechanization" is very intere s ting and I shall read it carefully. Meantime I am impressed with t he sta t ement by :..r . Holbrook, :Cean of the School of Engin eeri n g a nd !','lines, Pittsburg University, i n regard to the s car ci t y of Mining students. I am to be spea kin g on thi s matter at the University of Leeds JJining Society Dinner on Friday of this week, and note that the question is world-wide, applicable not only to Coa l iH ning bu t to i,'i e talliferous 1.iining. The Principal of t he Royal School of J:.Ii n es in London mentioned the matter to me nhile I v,as there visiting the Metalliferous 1'.iining Laboratory , and now I find the same conditions i n .America a s exist in South Africa, not to mention t h e British Coalfields. l:"e are not the only pioneers in this country, but our Education Department caters more for the o fficia ls up to the rank of i'.'.Ianager rather tha n for those required for the highest posts. Vie are, however, now making a move to do something to produce men who may be fitted to maintain the policy of the Industry during the next generation. You are to be congratulated in giving away an automobile to one of your workers under your Safety Scheme, �Yo.....................G.e.or.ge....B.......P.r:y.de., ....E s.qa...........................l~.3.~.3.8.~............ !!JJa?e............2................................... and I suppose the mine rs i n your part of the worl d are quite used to travelli n g i n private motor- cars, wh ich in this country are s'ci ll somewhat of a luxury. \Ve a re still making progres s wi th our accident rate in a modified manner, but not giving away motor- cars, which woul d not suit our conditions. Perhaps you vr ill be interested in enclosed cutting , in a personal sense. Mr . Reid. and h is son Dr . Reid , t og e t her with i'.1r. 1',icNeill, are a.11 well and working tos ether for the good o:f this concern, and they all join me in good wi sh es towards yourself . Yours faithfully, ~ Enc. 1 ,J:.c~rll �/J I • c. Augu a tus Ca:r lo u , 1;c;q. ~e Fife Coal Com~any~ Limited Leven, Fifcshi:rn Scotl ruici Dear Llr . Carlou: l,cferri.ng to your letters of t h e 13 th un l.. the 2211 d, ultimo : I e'.!11 very i)l cas ed to h e ~ f 1•011 you occi n : mid nm c l ad io lrno v, that you.z· non colli e1~y i ;;; ~1cid.nc :::c t i sfactory proGresc. I think you are <o i nc ,,one very fine ·GJ1int;s rri th the mechani zstion of your mines, ana ,,.,i th your :Jafct-y -r:orl~, LJIL I am 110.i••i;i cu l url y in tcre s ted iu your plans for hel pinc~ uoy:.3 a:round the coal mi n i11c; <.li otric·i:.s to obtain en e duc a t ion . 'a1a.t is a very l audable project, c.nu I ~":1 oire ·GJ1 .... t quit e a numlrnr o:i.' your cop loyos r1l 11 t ukc ndv,rn t a.t;c of thi o. I have read a good deal , in t.lic Colli ery Guarw. an , about the Coal :!3ill, but I h ave not been a ble to detcrmin e fully \",ih ether it i o a e,o od or 1Ja.d bi ll. Certnin a cpec ts \"iould see1;1 to 1~ 0 to ae undeoira ble, tha t i o , the O o.mal c;ama ti on 11 '1.7hi ch ,.-,ould require lar(;,Cl.' conl cori11>anieo to omals a.~ ate Yii th some of the !.Llall er , not f'i n.-:.ncia.ll y 1·eu11on Gi ble, com.t.>ani cs . 1 • .:e have had oi milar conF.:o li daticm plcno in this count r y , to con :.::o lidute the Ilai lro ads i n tt> more econorucully opcr n t etl cyct c>;:110 , out this .hus ali.w.yo been the o iJj e ction. You aro to be con~o.tul o.tecl on raasterin c the in tr1cno1ca of the Gcrr.1011 l c.naua.ce to mclce tllc preeen to.tion to the Germon s cientist. I remember the two rather u.ifficult ycaro I cpent in try ine to o.cquire a working kno,1ledc;e o:r the Germon l ant:,uage, wiu. . while the fir1Jt months \.ere exceedincly a.iff i cult , I eubeequen tly C &Ille to like it quite well, as many of the ,:orda and ex1,rcsaiono bnvc a bout t he eOI'le meaninu ond sound as in the s cotch langua.f;e, I ho1,c you h o.vo a Moot mjoyabl o moetin c . �2 F eb. 10, 1938 Du rJi~1 ~!..; ::i ~..;1.1 ~Ll':l•J:J ·1%) d..:~ ~ i n U1c Uni t t::ci. 8 -tu tes, m1d Do :ro 1:20:~ ujr h ::rn been &llo co. ted fo:r ;1:ieli ef . n 'li10 1111Gt.: De::.:J.c r o '' t!...oujlt t ~lGY 112.d cJ.1 :i:'o r;.:1er cco uor.lic la\7S li eked ) c1t1 d h r::.:~ c.1.c ve:!.o 1,cd a ner: f:'Y ste~ of th eizO\JU, anc I 2.1.1 c.i'~·.....i t~ tLcy a r e r e.th e::.' b adl y di oc.ypo i n t e d . Buain ess r,rnn, e;m1 e1.. c.ll y : t o o, a1.·e qui ·tc unh aL):9Y bccnlt uo -1.,;.. e cddi tion cl de~,r c :.;oi on at t11is time i s so.i.n e to hur t 211 r,lQ.11,l E,::.' of btl.. s~nc::;i.:; . Ue h a.·,r n :h ad n ti.. e111en~ously 01• ;:,;1 ~.;in tei~ in th e i'fe:Jt~:i.-n p2Tt cf t he 'Jnited r~tater5 , 1n: rticularly i:-:hcre corunel"ci a l co a l f1..ora thi s cl.i iztl'i c·i; i ,.; m~rlccd, the xeail t being ·thnt t r..c co:nv~e:{'cial mhrns are stn.rti r. e; t!:e Y C!ur o ff (1Uite bacil y . ·;,e are hoi)ei'ul, hor.rever, that bu sin eo s \Jill ::;ic1: up l ate:r l n tllc year, end i;rlll b eco :11::; mo:cca nearly no:crr~l i .n t l.to latter half of t he yeux . I a:n uttacll.iug a cli pping i'l'OD. a tH.!tJSJ,Jt...IJ c .r i n ~:i d . ch you •.i 11 b 0 i,1 t._".l:t.'C!ci!.ec1. . loco.l c:,~· i t ~i v0 ~ ~1 account of the 0.,:12.r<li nt., of t he :-32.:f c t.y au t om~ oi le t o our ei.31._>l o.t e o J.u.:;::·G T>'r i tlc.y n l ~d; , -r' cb:.rv.arJ !,:: t h . Out of our over 2 : fO O e ,;1.t,1 l o ~'C :.:: ; 2,022 rrho h~u ~10 t su ~:rc.;iJ.n ec. u lo s t,. ~i me [ ~C r!i dE:ii t curiua; the yeul' p .ih-:•.:...··::..i.ci.t;i:;.ta6. in -C.10 u:i. u::.L~..... . Ii :-/oung hi ch- sahoo l e;:1..0,dl.-'.u te r 1! 10 l1u o ~ C E::1 e:::igloy G(,1 i tJ our :-_-.tluc:., u·Joa'L tuo y r:rn.r~ 1::.:> 11 th~ Ci.!X:, •..h :i. c.\'J. ccct E!OOU t Cl ,000 . ::c;s 1: exp:reor-; t o you i.'-.H. you r 1 [.i t ;:::f:f L\}' Lv .: tinu cc. 0)ocJ. rii 1.;hes . P.s. PJn sending you, under separate cover, the ~runuo.ry. 1938 , issue o f :•n echoni zation. 11 �o ◊TELEGRAMS:. \'CARLOW, PHONE, LEVEN." ,' " FIFCOL,GLASGOW," "'.~ ' "FIFCOL,LONOON." f TELEPHONEN'?!161&162 LEVEN ~ •I Xifj;d,~~ ~ HEAD~ ~ $722nd Januar y , 1938 . George B. Pryde, ~sq . , Vice-President, The Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, ~--Y OMING, U.S . A. Dear f!rr . Pryde, Thanks for your further letter of 10th , enclosing figures about your Accident performance, i n r e ga r d t o which you doubtless have great personal satisfa ction. I am sorry to learn that business condi tion s a re not very good in America at the moment, but the pos ition must be very difficult for the Legisla ture a s n ell a s for the Traders. The Coal Trade is goin; to have a good year in our country, but for the first time there is a little reduc tion in certain Steel prices which may just be the beginning, not of a slump, but of a recession to some extent from the 11boom 11 conditions in the Steel '11rade of last year. The Institution of Iftining Engineers is very much occupied with the Coal Bill, and I, personally, am very concerned to see that most satisfactory arrangements are made for the Annual Dinner, at which the Institution Uedal is to be presented to a German Scientist, and I am proposing to make the presentation in German as Dr . Beyling does not understand our l anguage. You will understand this causes a little anxiety, and I must not fail in my duties. Your/ �e%........................O.-.e.Qrg.e.....B..A ....P.r:~rde..,....E sq.....................22!':':l::":.38............... Your Company , probably, will be better ab le than most to stand up a gain st a ny adverse conditions rthich may arise . The most ef f ici ent Companies a l ways come out best, and you i.:ill a t least have that satisfaction, even if conditions are not very good in 1938. In a ny ca,se, you have my personal good vlishes in the matter , together with those of all our staff to ·whom you have been so generous in the past. Yours faithfully, ? .__,~ ~ : : :..'./.;,M (Cl_.,. 7 �'\ <> ~ TELEGRAMS;. t•CARLOW, PHO NE, LEVEN." "FIFCOL,GL.ASGOW." ~ "F I FCOL, LO NDON." ~~%d~ HEAD~ ~c§;l 13th January, 1938. George B. Pryde, Esq., The Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, \ '.1 Y O 1':1 I N G, U.S.A. Dear Ilir. Pryde, Many thanks for your l etter of r ecember 31st , t oge ther with :r:agazine entitled "Mechanization''. This particular volume is very interesting to me, on account particularly of the article on Stripping. This practice is unkno,m in our country, no doubt because of our conditions, but we have a very thick seam in one of t h e F .C. C. Coalfields cropping out on the surface, and Yrhi ch some day we may have to develop. The actual thiclmes s varies, and unfortunately the seam is intersected by several bands of dirt. There may, however, be 20 feet thickness of coal altogether. The seam pitches at about one in four and therefore ,·lill soon get under cover, but a long the outcrop and for a workable depth by stripping, there should be a lot of cheap coal to be got , a ll of which will be broken and washed. The quality is not good, but if well washed ~ould be quite marketable. ?f.eantime we are sinking and fl tting a new colliery v1hich will cost several hundreds of thousands of pounds, where we may get several seams averaging about 4 feet, but this will be quite satisfactory if the Fiel d is free from geological troubles. In regard to Mechanization generally, there is one point which we, in our country, must not lose sight of. It is that the mechanical appliances cost probably quite as much as they do in America, v,hile the '\"rages rate is very much less, and the saving, therefore, definitel y less in proportion. �n f!!Ja?e .........?..~.................................... ~conomically, therefore , we cannot mechanize so completely as is found profitable i n .America . These comments are by the way, and I thank you for t h e Magazine and send all g ood v1ishes. Yours faithfull y, �~, Dl'lUL.::.:y 10 , 193G :_1•. C. Aue,u S-Cl!.fi Cc~~lo n me Pii'e Coal Cmupony, Limi ·i;eci Leven, ]'if'e Seo tlnncl I h a ve you!'S of Dec ember 1 8th, 1937: ~d en t:,].aQ to kno n thcd; you lfk e<.l tlJ.e :vl:o tobraph0 of t!ie sur:roundirig coun·try north of Ro cl;: S:91·ings . Thcl~e ic no \':orl:abl e coal in that vicinity . '-11ere i .3 a little e-old cud silver left, but t he veins a re r~ther vu1·iable end not r;orl::ed to any L,reat e;.ten·c . '.&e output you sueGest from t h e mine i n Jermany i s a VG"J.'Y rema1~kuble on e uhcu ev01-yth i nc is biven consideration. fin e ~ining conditions. I pxccume they have very Chrisu:10.s und l •eu Ycu:i:s a l'e O\l'e r , .md 'the coal buoiness i s in a. 1·ather au:le·t. condition no,1. ,,e have another bu;:;ines a slump here no,:, 1.;hich is affecting all business en ter pri se0 t.o a e;reat extent. The automobile ontl steel businc c.; se:a are c:o,·m, und , on account of the l ack of' aemw1d , the co a l business is uo wn . Ho one k120 \·1s juu t ho·:.r lone., thi s t1i 11 l as t, but ·;1e a1~e hovin.; tha t busin<?os ,Jill pick up aL,ain before lont;. • ~1 e hnd a g>od yea.r for 1937, mining 3,315,000 tono of coal, practically all mechanically loaded. Our accident record ia very good, as indi- cated by the attached record. 'lhin<:;e look ver,y c.l.ii'f'icu1t in Chino.. It ie hard to perceive 110\J some of the larcer n a tions, includinb Great Britain, will be able to kee1, out of tl.1.e Sino-Japanese war. '!:ay I w1 sh for you md your otaff a P.appy ancl ~·ros,1JE,muo : ew Year. JJ., M . U. Vary sincerely yours, 0l"1!0na.l Signed: GEORGE 8, PRYDE JA~ 111~38 �t~umber neei \iontr1 -i:~r>oo fJ ye1• P r,c.n •i ou ni th ycc i- 1937 shorm 0 0~::ll'L\'GOl y -000- p!'riod r.>" ·".r l :£!!...~ cfot n1 ,1cci .J r nio :!.923-?7 r,n l? ";!19 19~67 1~2R~3" 35 19<'4 5' l."f-C 1?33-37 ~2 ?4! 263 'Yc·r 19~7 ?. 38 4~ Cf �TRI~ UNIOH Pl\ CIFIC CO 'L COt:Pr NY Aaeideat Performnce Three 5' Y1mr Periodn with Yeor 1237 ehcmn oepprntely. _. TCNS l'IMED FF'R J\CCIDE?ff ,mopggnuR hte.l 299,3,, ?ton-total 10,893 · 10,Sll Fatal 444,776 211d, 1,2e-32, rt•• year• 382,413 12,808 12,393 3rd, 1933·3T, riY• year• 63S,892 ; 8,048 l,6;?,814 87,253 1n, 1923•2'T, rt•• yean Y•r 1937, 04• yee:r PffiICD All Accd'o. ,~AN- HOURS -;orumo Non-frital !!11 .ncccl 'e. 16,186 1;,617 ;03,85'4 16,87; 16,329 53,192 731,20; 66,?49 61,165' 82,891 1,853,618 97,559 92,680 Pr:R CE!~1' TO:JUAGD BfcSIG !MU-HOUR D•'\SI S SECOM!) 17.9 4.; THIRD 406.6 291.6 YCfiR 1937 680 .6 493-4 COP Y �? ,,/ - ✓-, a TEI.EGRAMS:1"CARL.OW, PHONE, LEVEN'.' ' Fl FCO L, GLASGow:· " Fl FCOL. LONDON'.' . x~~~ H IZ A C ~ O FF I CE, 18th ~ecc~ber , 1J37. ~eo~3e B. ~ ryde, Esq., 'ihe Union Pacific Coal Cor.1pany 1 :1ock Sprin~s, ..ycr-J1ing : l: . !::. ...: • I ,.·as Yery mucn interested in y our l e•i-te1" o.,: 0rC.. .-JvCC::n"bcr , e:..closin.:; 9hotog ra:)hs o f 1:.rhat mu st be .110::: ·;; :.'.'eJiar•kab l e z u..,;r~3ry ~-.:xro1.:.:1din: the l akes a hundred 1r.ilcs 110'!'.'t~ of ~?ocL [.._pri:1ss . :-:-; ·.·:::.11 be difficult to t!:!ir..:.{ chat any ·::cr~::r-bl e c oal can c::i st i:1 t::.1e vicinity of thes e volcan ic ::nountains . 'I-he belt- conveyin:. ssster,! , ext<.:nc.i~v to 2,6C'O ft . . u:1cer rc::na. , is a l so interesti::,:;, G.nC: •.:ill Cc u'.:>tles s be pr ofitab le 6 if the belts a:r•e ke 1, t ,·:ith sufficient outp,ri:; -co approxi:nate to _tl1e:i.r_ cap~c_i ty . :f_ou d~ ;:1_ot ·:'!entioi: •;:~1et:12r t:1e. uel t s. are _ Ol'OU..:,!:.t r2..;_.1t to -cne !Lt-uot'~o;.1 anc. t.1c ~c~l ...101sted 11~ s!nps . ·:.e ca·;, one i nsta.llatic:1 01 this ldn ..: in J-er....mny , e.nd ~~1 coal ·:;a3 ne v E,r handle d betrreen ti').e t:lme of beinG put on t o t:'le fa c e - convGyor until i t ~::a s delivered i nt o the r:l'. 6 011s at the prepa·~a.tion plant r eady for de spatch tc. custo.,1ers . 'I'he output per man •..-:as three tons p e r shift , ~ncludin.; a ll p e rso:1s eriplo~-ed abov e a n d belov1 i~T ound 1 rrhic h is very .:;ood indeed for Europe, a.nd. mu st b e considered as 3ettinG n~ar to the ultimate possiolo . - e have never beer! able to fa c e such conditions here because of' interru:?tions f'ro.u1 r·aults , etc ., nhi ch y;ould ruin a.. ~che::ie of thit:. kind entirely. ~\ c o:.nple te unuer.;ro'J.n cl c onve::yiu; s-yste::n ·,·lithout a.ny trams or ,;:aeons nt c. ll is only pos sible i.."l. a fie l d en·cirely free from ::;crious faults, and in the ; en1an case 1.:1ll '~i'lil:. -::as pr- oved bef'o !'ehand.: '.Lhi E/ �c%... .........9:~.9..:r...;~....~.~.....f .:r.yg ·~••J>••··~'u;i.Q.r...,.....:1o.c..:.....L.pr.in.;s..,.....'.:~y.oming /!}5affe .............2................................... u . S . .A. This l e tte r \: ill ~10 ~ rt. a ch you befo1,e Christmas , but \7ill , I hope, be i n ::,- ou.1· ..D.1.C.s bGfore the end c:t t:i:1e year: and it conveys t he ver;i b:.. st ,:ishes of' my c oll ea..,ue s and myself for your h app iness "11,: prospe r ity i n 1038 . You1•s sinc erely, �Deceub er ~l , 1937 Mr . C . Augi s tu a Cl'.rlo u c/ o ~lie Pi :i'e Coal Company , Ltd. Leven, l<'if e shi re, Seo tland Dear Mr . nm sen ding you t odey, under s ep e.rate cover, a. copy of a n e ,;1 ma.gazin c ..-1hi ch ,1cs rec en ·i:;ly s tarted i n the United J t ~:~e:3 , i n i."Jh ich y ou illi.1Y be in ter est ed , c all ed 1'llech aniza tio n . :: I c.m call i n g you'/: c, t ·i;e•1 t ion t o the c rti cl e o n go c;gl eo, -.~·h i c h I h o.Ve \711. JG t e:1 • You1·c ve:t·;y t rul y . Or\g-in2.l Signe d: GEORGE B. PRYDE �.. .. December 3, 19 37 llr. C. AU€,u stus Carlow . The Fi fe Co nl Com.:>nn y, .Limit ed Leven , Fife Sco tland ~~Y dear Er . Corlo,:n I ue.s pleased ·oo hav~ your lettez o f the 15th ulti mo, and r.m g l ad to lmo\! tha t you a re moving a lone \;i t h your i1rc-· ):.Iara tion plan t. As you say, it costs money to &o in to ·i:.h e coal :nining and preparati on business today . You i.'Jill hit'Je n very f ine p l ant, I all1 sure . \",'e find the 88.me situa tio n i n tl1.i s co untry, o w.' ti pple a nd conveying sys ter.o. for the D. 0 . Cla rk 11in e, a t cuperio:r, \:ryoming , cos tin g u s much more t.11:an \76 an ti c i 1-12t cd ~ on account of the hi gh co s t of 1;3 t eel. During the i.7eek \'le l e t the contract ,for the belt conveying sys ·tem , t o extend f or a di stance of 2600 feet undexg round . The con tract for the • construction of the ti ,1Jple v1as a.l so l et . These contrac t i;, c a ll for completion of these proj ects by August 1 st of next y ea-:r. In t he meantime, th e materi al ~i ll be uss~~bl ed, a nd t he con c rete f ourlClation o will be p ut in nex t Ayri l , ,::hen the frost is out of the ground . '1 Je are (pine a l one; quite \iell \';i th the dr-1 ving of t he bcl t conveyor ::;l ope and t he m@nvm,y s lo pe o.t t h e D. O. Cla rk :.line. The rook i-.,0 1..k a.nd the tz,ac;r \.o:rk wd timbering in the manwoy s lope ure non oompl c t ed, ~.nd th e rock nork in the conveyo r slope ho.a been conpleted '"'n d t h e s teel timbers about 80 per c ent i n pl ace . ·ae expect to start J.) ro ducing coal &bout March l a t from thi u mine, do i n g such develO J:,'men t \"10:rk a:3 may be neceuoary }..lrior t o the in 3t all a tion o i' the b elt conveying system and the ti1)pl e . '.le YJill dum11 thi o c oal over a t empo rary ti1,ple until the compl e tion of the permanen t p lEIJlt. The coal b uGincse has not been so pro spemu a durin g the last few weeks. 'Iherc seems to be a "recession 11 in ·ouein ess , but to what extent it wil.l go no one kno ue . Honever, vie are hopeful that, as the politicians say, it ,,1 11 be jus t a 5lig_ht "recession" and not a "dc-r,ression. 11 The Co al Corami s s ion i s moving along. It has a great many p roblems to work out. 'lhey have rec en tly compl e t ed the s tudi es on t he price situation f'or t he west ern e ta tee, and I e.xr,ect t hey ¥Jill i c;sue t hese prices w1 thin the next t wo or t h r ee \7eeke. �2 I am flad to ki.'lou about your ai:1ards, and am particularly intexestccl t o lrric,:-1 t :ha. t D:r . George s . Rice has received the lledal of Toe In o t i tu.tion of l'rining Engineers . I kno\"'t Dr. Ric e ·very ;..rell , G.:.1 Q he is a very high-cl ass gentleman . I presume he i"Jill use his leisure to wri•i;e on scientific subjects , as he is outD't~-1din c.; i n thi s line. The ar;ard t o Dr. Beyling is e r.10 st ei.-icouraging one, as I feel i t t iill make for bette1~ relations bet-r,een the Geri.nan and British :peop l e . I have read also of Dr. ~eeler' s 1:Jo:rk, 211d em 6 lad to knoi.1 that he is receiving :i:·ecognition . 0 I vJill s tudy the coal bill carefully, ~nd, lilce all bills issued f'rom the Govemment , it i s more or le as i nvolveo. , t..nd Y.ri ll take n 0 00d deal o f study. Ue a:re i.1aving e:ccell en t 'l.'1ea t her he re. Al though i:ie he.cl sno,·; sto nns and real cold ·w eather ~bout i._.:o n eeks a go , i t has moderated and i a fine weather, very s imila r to that t1h i ch .!.ix. !1cIJeill exp erienced when he 1,·;as here , Y.'i th very bricht sun shi 1-1e . I thou[h t yo u might be interested in the th1·e e l)ho togrc:-p hs v.1hich I am enclosing, of l akes about one hundred miles north of Rock Springs. They give very f i ne vierrn o f the Rocky Mountains, and I thought you mivit like to h ave them . llay I e.xpress to you and your sta:f:f my very best yJishes for a very prosperous cmcl. havPY Hew Year. Very ~incerely yo u rs, Or\g\na.1 Signed: GEORGE 8, PRYD ~ �TELEGRAMS:-t'CARLOW, PHONE, L EVEN." " FIFC OL, GLAS GOW," A , TEt.EPHONE N~! 161 8t 162 LEVEN "FIFCOL, LONDON." _ q;- ~)!4? / CL/ -=-----~ rp .I ·\~CEIVEJ -- c/fi,e/c__;:7r v,,,oav 0~~·~~?.~ 1~3) HEAD OFF ICE, • ~$jt. 15th November , 1837. George B. Bryde, Esq., Vice- President, Union-Pacific Coal Company, Rock Sprin.::;s, ·;:yonin5, U. ~. A. 1,:any t;hari~l{s for your le tter of 2 9th October , enclosing a photograph of .-,hat appears tp be a very elaborate and complete coal preparation plant at your new mine . The cost of preparation ma c hine ry in these days is quit e out of proportion, the screening and ,·,ashing plant at our nev; pit cos ting something very nearly £ 100,000, no d oubt contributed to by the excessive price of steel . From the "Coll iery Guardian 11 I note that !Jr . George S. Rice is retiring . He is one of the very 'fey1 noT1- Bri tish subjects who received the r.:redal of The I nstitution of r::inir1g ~gineers , r1hich is a distinction awarded only to scientists of particular eminence 11ho have served the Mining Industry in one manner or another . This time, I proposed that it be awarded to Dr. Beyling, v1ho has done a g1"eat deal of scientific \70rk in Germany, and he has accepted. This is the fir st time that a member of a European nation has had this honour conferred upon him, and in due course we \'Jill be having a Public Dinner in London, attended by many prominent people in this country, a n d also one or trio from Germany, and I bel ieve that the /\mericsn .l\r.1baasador, 1;.r. Rippentrop, will also be pre sent. ·•,:.: y feel in,; is, that this meeting and presentation will be of more importance than appears on the surface, and I am very happy to have my view as Pr<;esident carried out by the Institution. '-~e shall a l so present a medal to Dr . '.'.' heeler, who has done so much in the s cientific l ine in this country, as his \"!Ork certainly deserves . l.~eantime/ �c.%............J.eor.g.e.... B ... . . ..2r.y.d.e..,.....E s.q.•...,.....~ .:y.Ol:i in 5 .,....:u...s .•.A........... J\'ie a ntlme , v:e have j ust had issu ed to u s c opie s of t he Coal Bill, 1 937, and i n order that y ou may a ppreciate generally wb.a t is pr oposed , I encl ose y ou a copy of the i1;ine s I;ep2rtment Memorandum expl aininG the p rovisi ons of this Bill. Your s sincer ely , Enclo. �r ~ dear Ur . Ca:rlo u: I YJas i ndeed p l eas.ea. ·oo he..ve yours of the lG tl: i n~ tc.:1 i, 2.nd to b1ot! t}_._: t the mu teri a l ,:ms dn live.red to you. in soocl Lha::_,e . 1 think there i s a t o otl u.ecl o f 1,1cri t fo the o f y o uz f:riei1d that tiie ci·w to:mero si~uld be •1oiled . u It i s a ctifiicul t joiJ '-' t be:st r :.:;cllinc cor:1.. 3e:i:ci cl co 2l; c,JH.i I lmo't7 :i.f t:hcrc YiCl'G z,-,1:1e c-:1cci :;.l oe·~hod of "oilint; 0 the cue mm.e:rs ~ i -~ could ue- vc:t"Y :..:. t t!'ac ti v e to ·t11e com:n e1·ci c1l t rcd o . S:!l::, __-e3tion Our Coal Commiss ion i kl s till functior.ing i!'l t hi s c:;un try, but xc.ther ~lo:.:;ly. 'l'i1ey luive no pri ces :::e·~ y e·<- fo:i.· co~l , ~md ·i;hei:e a :re so llluny i n tx·icate 1yro blen.H3 the. t have g1•0·.-.rn u11 in ilie l ast hc.1::.· ceu tury t..vic.~ i t i s diff icult to change ovai"i1i gh'i; unless men r..ii. · t h 2 !'cal knowl e d g e o :f thene 1.)1•0 l>l eme: hc.v~ the:? j o b . hop e t hat yo\.U' ne\i 1.·;o::r:k i s 1:,oiilG clloug uel l c.nc: t ?1at you aJ:e illu.king satiofnctorJ lJTog!'Gss '.."Tith it . I o ur new D. C . Clu rk l une i s coinc; alon6 oui tc 1:;0·11 , t;}ld the .rni l:n:, t.Ci. trcck s cll"e h ei r1b __,u t i n .. thl e u e ek • .1:1e c;mec t to le·i; the contra.et i'oz: our urem:1.re_tion .::,lc..n t. end nain conveyi ne: sy O te:.1 1.mder\;"~.'OUnl'.l EOOfl afte? the fir 2 t o r l!o'VC!:1b0r~ the ..m..~1: t o be ~ini tllecl Auc;us t 1 st next. You oic:ht be in tcrestcd in havin& t h e attc.ched p ie ture of our !._J: 'e.110-..ra r.ion 1)10.n t u t ou:;:, .!tel ience mncl:'.: , t.h1~ _1lon t cm~.vl cted l r1o t year . Sincerely yours , OriJ'i na l Si;,:-ned: GEO~GE 8, PRYDE Kr. c. AUgu.etu.o Carl o\1 The Fife Coal Co., Ltd . Leven. 'Fife s~otland �CARLTON CLUB, PA Lb MALL, s.w.1. �0 c ·c.ober 4 , 1937 :1r. C. Aut,-ustus Carlo\7 T°Ae J-.'i fe Co {!1 Company, Ltd . .Leven, Fi fe Scotl and :~y dear ?lr. Cnrlo,.--1: I a.111 a ttaching he1--e~.:ith ~ome n et, inf o m a tion '•:_i ch has come to my desk i~eGardin c; -the du stin t; o f . oal, in which I thought you might be interc3ted . Tru!'::ting the.i t e ver~rlliinis i s ,;-iel l ·.·ith yo t:, I am Yours very truly , Or\glna.1 Signed: GEORGE B, PRYDE �- --- lir . C. Augus tuc Carl o\·:· fue lf1ife Coal C~mpE!ny, Li rui ·i;ed Leven, l?i;f e Scotland Dear I.'..r . Cc.rlou: I hnvo youi·s of the 2 17 th ultimo, and ,w.:J interest ed in your plans for \7axoliz:lng the larce co i:... l for storage . I shoul d thinlc that n ould be a. very fine thin g , a lthough I lmow· of no p:::-cs ent plant in the United s ta·~es applying the \.'a..°"'o l i zi ng process i'or larg e lumps of coal, ·ihe ubole i d ea in t hi a cotm t:rs beinc; to · elimi n&t0 the o'bjections to dust in -~e ul aak s i z es . The co ..mercial O.i>er2.tors h0r0 tell mo tha t, sincG l)Ut-cinc., in tirn oilint; vroce:.o of treating slaclc co.-.i.l, no on e requ ests QJ:lY 1...nt:r00.ted slack coal, so tha:~ is a very e;ood a r gument fo :r ·i;he tree.tine of t.ile :.3 1..Jck. \7i th the 25 cents adcd tion u l that they obtf'_in for the treated coal, they feel tho.t they a re \'Jell J.)t•.id for using this pzocess . I should think tlla t, a s the large lULll ) coa l '1.'.'0. D pu t in otoraae, a pressure ~:yete1a, \"Ji th a pump , sp:-caying th e l arge lum2n3, y;ould be sati sfacto :ey-. I thinlc your idea of going to the larger lumps will work out satisfactorily, and i s v~orthy of experimentation. J "Je had a vei·y fine visit riith Dr . Jose.1.lh l' arker curly in July. Took him al:'ound our l}ropertics here, nnd he r1as areei.tly in tereotc<.l in American mining practice, un cl I enjoyed tho vi :...it with him very much . Our :political ::;i tua.tiun in /-111.1ex-ic a i a sti 11 badly i!iud,llec... The def cat of l>re s i dent 1100 oevelt' s meas ure for the reort;;anization or the S'Upre."'lle Court \1111 have u. very rm.lutary ei"feot on some of the l'.OD:re ra<li c ul mea.su1·es U 1b1.t r,1cy be brouE)lt i'o r\"m.rd in the future. Busin0co conui tiono in thi a country o.re very good, but th~re i a oti 11 e. degree of uncertainty rego.rding legi s l etion , ona the fineot thing tbet could ho.pp en to thi a country a t the present time woul d be to have ConBree a adjourn and give ou~ineso a brccthine or>ell . �...., 2 I uas in'l;ereoted in kao•:.r.lng a.bout v1hat you did for your personnel durin& your fifty ycuZ'o ann i ve:rsary . I think that \'1as a very fine thin g. but, els you say, i t must have required a great deal o:f loo!:inL, u:::, of records to determine who ·oas eligible. \'Jc i'ind. 'i.ho.t cc:ner: u p very frequently in our orm o re;E.ni zution. In tl-'-e er-.1·1 ;y· d;,,.yG , our records ·we:-ce not very col!'lplete, a l thov.gh durinc.; the last tmmty years our reco:-ds have been such that ·.:0 12.cve hu.d no difficulty in obtflining information. ;_-;e a re still busy -r1ith our construction pro gr ruu , .,.,nci our ::.:,:ro<lnc tio n is picking UP : so that we look for a. vexy good year. I f anything further comes up v1i th reEa!'d to the trcatin 0 of Ela.ck coc:.1 in this cov.ntz~.-, I \'Jill be gl :i.d, incl.ecd, to pass it to you, a nd tlill be in tel"ested :tn lmo,.i:l.nG ,..,110. t cu.ccess you he.Ve if and ,::hen you experiment \'Ji th i'h.xo li zinc of the larger sizes . 'Ci th best ui shes , I am Very oincerely you~s~ Orl:;-loal Slf!ned: GEORGE 3. PRY!:'~ �• TELEGR.a.MS: - \' C.a.RLO , "FIFCO , " ., " FIFCO H O N E , LEVE N." LASGOW." T ELE PHONE N~! 16 1 8c 162 LEVEN ONOON." ~~~~~ HEA D OFFICE, ~ 27th July, 1937 . ... ao:r·ge B. ?ryc.e , :Cs~., Union Pacific C:oal 0or,1pan;r , ::1.ock Sprin:;s, .:yam.in:;= ·u. s . A. ::any thC\P..lts for· you:i:> letter o.r 26tn June , •:,Lich I hnvc J.'eaa. ~1th Jrest interest . ' :.:ou are to be congra tulatea. mo&t sincere l y upon the broa.:-i.:::1fr:.6£d. human interest ,·1 hich you take in -you1· p e r£cnn0l. I t ...ni.:.st ' \ ::re:c;_·.ii::•e s. very compl ete organisation; cons-:;an-i-ly lrnp t. up to :.::.ate: bu.:~, in the l on:; run , nill certai.'ll y e n gendeI' a .spi r i c of loyalty c r~5. cc- ope::-·ation among your Yi orkers \,l1ich ··:ill be :rrore tl:.an cc.,1;,er.sB. ticn for all your trouble. i:i.t t h-2 Jubilee of t ~1:l s (., o..1:9a:?..y , i:ilty y::a:i.•s from its inau; uration, \'!e ( ;:;he 1.'if'e Coal Co,Jpnny) :u.c.e a present to all t he Y1orlrnrs who hnd been -.:ith the Comp::i:ry ::o::· a c ertain nu..'11ber or :i·ea:cs , and. an enor·mous :;i.mount of inYesti6 a-cion ::as necessai->y in orde r to . ::;et tr1e corre c c names. anu s:'..11ce t::..,an no r e ce;ra has been kept . It '.!Oul CL requh•e a special departrr-ent, end I am afra i d 1',e are so occup:.ed wit:1. co:,,.:.,ercia l .na ~ter·s t::rt it ·::oul~~ oe d i.tficult to inaugu:."ate r.:uch a system . 'I'his , ::.1.O·::ever, c.oes not prevent un c on 6 ra.tu.la tin:; you on -your progress in tt:.is matte:• . In re :.:,a1•d to t he '.'a.,rnl:i.zinr; tr eatment of coal, I am greatly obli:ed for Uc; infor1'1.ation r:~:i.ch you l1ave sent . Ln st ·::eek, meet::..ngs of tr_e I1iin:i.nc :E.ngineers ,-.rere held in Birmin.;nam, a nd I took an opportunity o:i.' intro c.lucin5 this subject for discussi on. It uill be interesting for· :/OU to lmO"v7 that one of the principal ~r.::_,,:.cts oi' t .. is qu0:::tion '..r ich a 1,fealed to the :.n.:_;ine ers on this ci6c ·,:a.::: th(; poi::sibili-ty o:..: ·.:axolizini; l arGe coal pu·t to stock :.::: oin __s on the ;;_round, in ord.0r- to prevent degradation. In certn.in parts of En c;le.nu , it is custo1rnry to stoc~ l ar~e quantities I o::/ �!Y'Jajl'e-.............2.................................. of house - coa l in su!n.,:0r t .:...~~;__ , m1.i tl:.e question -xas r1he ther ti.1.e \':axolizinr; process \"!Oulc: l)rev ent dec;rac.ati on of t h is co.'.11 i n re gar d to size and q_us.li t~· ..::.u1·in_:; the months \7l~en t he coa l is actually lyins on the .;1~om2cl. ·.-;; e. cost of ls . per ton, t hi s r;ould seem to be a co:.1 ,1erc:!. a l ~-:iropos ition depend ing upon the difference b e t r:een tnc p:t' i.;e of 1 2.r·se and s rnall coe.1 ,:;hen the coal is lifted . I have not f0unc. , s o far , tnat t h ere is much request for dust- free c oa l at an increased c ost of about ls. pel" ten, out am pr oposin,; t o i n t r oc1.u ce the matter to the Coa l utilisation Council , ,;;hicl:. is an or[;anisat i on set up by the Coal Trace in t h is country for the pu1'"'pos e of extendi n ,:; t he use of coal. It is note\7orthy ths.t che con sm1,p,:;:i.on of c oal in Gr e.a t 3ritain this ysa1' promises to be a r e cord in re ;:-~nrd t o ton r!a.;e . e:{Ceed:1.ng , a s 1.7e hope it will , the consump tion in the best preY:a :.~ :rear, na:nely, 1 913. Cur people , co whom you shm.red so much kil-i~~ne s s r:~1cn t ·~GY y:ere in ;'.\rll.eric& , join me in my :::;ood nishes for y o'..lr prospe ri t:,· anc. s-..1ccess. Yours sincerel;,-, • 'i,.• �') ~ Ur. \ J c. Augustus Carlo~ '?rte :s'i fe Coal ConpEJ1y, L·i;cl. Leven, 1''ife Scotland ! ~ indeed gi·atifi ed to ha.ve your very in terettin c; l et tel~ of tlle 25th v.l timo. It is indeed 0t1~ance that the coal i r1du o t1·y h:::.s t o :.mff e:r from the c.in s E.nd &lilbi tiono of the differen t i:1ine ,--01' k c 1·s trades unions . Eac:k of i t all, oi' course, i o the dc3irc for ..JOuel' o::' l abor e.:r.ecu ti ves. I havo been '.70.tchins ve1·y closely r:i th rei::;:v.1:d t c 'i.1.G liationr..1 Dci'm1se _;ontributions. Of course, \1e have the i:::.Ll'JO thinG i n thi u cou.n try , ...nct ~7hu t it v;ill succeed i n c..oinb in the ev::!nt 01' onot.l1cr depression, I v.o not liuo,·i. Coi·po:i:-ation!: \-:hicl. luio. U}:l reaci·ves ,·1ill n ot no,·; do ~o , ,"iith 'l,he .:result thu t ..J!!llY 1>eo1lle Tiill be ·c.hrcnm out or \":ork . T.:1.c lr cv; Dee l, of course, ic very hopeful that there ,1111 be no mo 1.-o <lcp :i:l}soions, but ue h ...ve h ud theGe chant, c s in t.he 1.>uoi neos cycle cnrer oinco biblical dayo, u.nd I do not t:.!.in1c tLc ti er, nea.lerf.l ht.Ve uol v ed this ~Ioblc:.-i any l!lure than they huvc col ved pe:.:'l.)ctua.1 motion . -/ V I ar.1 L.lad to send you the a.ttaclle<i coyy of' a:rticl e on 11 ·.;axo lizin{..." treati-ncnt of cocl, which I think you ,·Jill find i nterestin[.. I am also attachinc:, copy ol' a letter fro:.1 a c oal co~pcny here v1bich nor; t1:·cats all i tfi c lac_k coul , tl1n t is , the coal fro ~:i 1 5/8 inohea '00 dust, arld oo successful h u s this uarrncr of tree.ting occorJe th&. t 'ZC:;\/ of' itf: cv.stomcrr:; no \/ 1.iurchaDe o taer than t.::ic oil-ti.·ea t eu e;oal. I bu.ra this o iltreatecl coal in l!,.Y home , u1d i t i ~ a VEJr-y £J,ren·t i m1,1rovc:.ment over the un-treo.tccl coal . 'i.n13:;;,o is p1·0.ctically no c..uot in puttin<:; i t intc th\.! binc £.ncl in i'irir,~ it into t he furn~ce . 'lhe commcrci&.l o~ 1.:rt..to1:s tell :!.le tlley have no ai.:i:Ticul t;y in c;ettin(3 ~nouui incrcucc in price to p.,:.y for the oilinG . ::vcrythlnc., i o in a tu1"inoil, politically, i n fuio country o.t t he 1>rec;~:lt tine . r:r . Iioosevelt , of' cou r::;c , t..ac; made an C.J:1.lJ et..l to th~ uaaoc s , Y:hi clJ. i fj al\IC!.YO 1,opulo.r, but �2 the indication s are that the 'ti tie i l:l turuing 0omewha t . His insiotence rer:;~rclint; the Su::_):::-e1.1~ Cour t i.s a cl::.se i n point. ·::e l:1:.1.d our C l d '.i.'im.02.":.:;' :;J.00-tin:; l a.s t Saturday , :i-:·1 xs~G .Aid Field Dey the day l'l."ecoclinc; . I nm sendint.;; you a booklet sho\'1int,; tl.:e pro gram, in ·,:}:.i c}1 you. \?ill no doubt be in ter<H,t ecL 7'ery s incere l y yours, �THE COLOliY CO.AL COMPN.TI Ro ck S~ring0, Uyoming June 24, 1937 llr. Geo. B. Pryde, Vice President, 'Ihe Union Pacific Cool Con~nny7 Ro ck Springs, Yly oming. Dear llr . Pryde : 't."ie have you:r lei·;;er o:f J·une 23rd re~arding the treatment of' slacl: cocl t'll th o :1.1 £0 x tl:!.e vuxpo se of rende1•ing thi a product dustless . '.l'hi s has 1n-oved to i>e e vei:y successful impz-ovemen t in the preparation of stol<:er coal fo 1· home0 and such indust:ri es as lnmdnea and places '\.1h ere i t is :i.mportan t to eliminat e dust. As a matter of fact thi s business h as come almost 100% to oil trea ted sl ack and it uould be utterly imposoible for us to maintain our 1,1osition in this marke·t if r,e di d not fnrnich coal prep ared in this manner. During the past t r:o yca:rs the demand for oil treated slaclc for this use has become uui·versal in our me.rlcet. 0 We purchased our equipment from the VikinG llanufacturing Company, Jackson, Mi clligan und it consi s-ts of a • circula ting pump and electric heater. The oil is heated to o.round 100 degrees at a pressure of app:mximately 200 l bs. 1 which vaporizes or atomizes the oil an d by an n:rra ngemen t of sprays encircling the flov, o:f the coal this val.1or is s1)raycd. in to the coal in suspension and the result is a complete elimin ation of cluBt. i7hen done in this ma11ner the:re i s no stickiness or evldence of oil othex than a someuhat dampened appearance and it handles cleanly and freely, not sticking to trucks, bins, 01· other hruidling equi pmeilt. The auxiliary equi pment to thi G .riu.mpinc; und h~1n ting device i c; a l arge storage tank in our ca1;Je, holding 10,000 (sallons of oil in o i·der that we may be enabled to pu xchaoe oil in carload que.n ti ties . By reason of this bulk purchase we obtain oux- oil for prices ran(,int; froo 11,ld to 15.¢ per gallon, dependin6 on the fluctuating market at various times. \"le have found t.'-1.at i t takes about one callon o:i.· oil per ton o:f alack treated. :f'o r this coal -r;1e readily obtain an addi tional 25¢ per ton, which, coneider-lng the co at o-r oil und wri teoff of the equipment, plus labor cost, Just e.bout breaks even or perhaps a slight profit accrues. 1he ereD.t benefit oo fa~ to the producing companies has been the iraprovemen t made by this trea1ment removing, ae it doe c, the most objectionable featur~ t.llat v,aa formerly attached to the uce of coal in the heating of homes and in certain indu st1·ies. �The co st o f thi s equipoent i s app mximately Ul ,000.00 exclusive of the ctoi•age t:..ink c.nd !>ipeo. :7e uill be p l eased tc :zu:_,p ly a ny information that ue may h t~Ve o verloo ked in tLi ,~ lcttc:t· . Youro tz-u l y , ( sad) \7. D . Bryson I1a.nao;er of Operation s . COPY �I WAXOL! Z ED T REAT ll E N T OP COAL Thi e paper, 11 \"l~li zed Treatment o f Coal , 11 as gi. v e n by Mr. Tho s . C. Chenol cy of the Sinclai r Co a l Comp any, befo re the Conventio n of the .American llining Congress at Cincinnati, Om o , May 17 , 1937 , covers research i n to dus tless ·t reat ments of coa l, sho wing results f ound u:1d aims set u :p to a ccompli sh better co a l treatmen t. The concepti on and development of 11W3J--co li zed Trea.tment 11 i s covered bri efly , t.o &ethe:r uith resul ts obta ined as r eported p ri n cipally by coal deal ers and consumers . .Among the majo r p:mbl sns \7hi ch have con:fron ted all of u s in ma in taining the po si t i on of bi tumi nous coal , \7it h relation to con ~umer aoc e1rt ance, has been the cleanl i n ess fea tur e or lack. of dus t in d elivel'Y t o con sumers, a nd u s e by them. This h aa :probably been bi·o u ght h ome t o opera tors i o. the eouthne st with mo r e force than h a s b een the c a se i n ·mauy t erri t o1•i e s because of the mili tant encr oa chment of comp etitive fuels in our shipping territory . Realizing tha t dealer margin s h ave not permitted extreme mea sures by retailers to cope m. th. the pxob l em adequa t el y , most of the serious efforts to curb du s t a nd dir t have been put forth by coal producers, a nd t he con tro l remedies h a v e usually been applied at the mine t i pples irnnediately b efore loa ding coa l into r ail cars, T'.ae we t ,1aehin g of s creeu:lng s perhaps h e l ped to point the way t o b e tter thing s, due to the fact that screeni ngs or stoker coal arri ving a t con sumers ' bi ns b efore dryin g out, delivered and h andled du s tlessly, and a l so proved conclu s ivel y tha t the moi sture effect pr evented to e. very l arge extent the segregation into co arse and f ine si z e s , and t:hi s condi t i on help ed r a i se f i rebo x ef'f ici enci es. The operati n G departments naturally shi ed ar,a:y f rom the increa sed coat which '\,O uld be entail ed, as '\'T ell. as t he fact that addeci equil)lllen t \"JOUld of necessity b e i nstalled , operated and mainta in ed , but inaisten t demand s from sal es executives and others gradually drove home the n e c e s si1;y of definite action regarding cle an er deliveries. We decide d to make a thorough search to find a sati stactory medium which would give u s the r e aul ts we de s i red . rre investigated the resul t a attained by the use of water, o f steam, of 011, apPlied by cold hi gh- prea s\ll'e methods , a nd also , �- - -- -------2 - by the hot or vapor syster.1, thG u s e of Calcium Chloride and other aal ts, the u se of oils oorD:oounded \'"Ti th chemica l a , the use of Sodi um Silica✓.;e ( vatez· glas s ) t1i th v a rious blended or compounded ingrediavits~ and 'i;ri ed s ever a l i deas v1hich Cal!le t o us in our -vrnrk , n one of -r.-J'licl'l t t o our kno\11 edge , i s b e i ng used c ommercia l ly . After several yeare oi search an d eff or t, we finally decided on the nU!ilerous :require:rrents , r1hi ch i n oui- opinion ViO Uld, if met, sati s f y us . ?.ae Baterial used n ust have a r easo n abl e co st . '.&e tr eaizilen t r:mst be applied. a t mine tippl es , and pro p erly h andl ed, mus✓G eli mi na·Ge necessi -cy of further treatlaen t a t dea l er s' y ards t.o g i ve p ermanen t dustl ess t reatment right thro ugh until burned, and mo re l)ezmanen t than any of the oils t1 e had s een. 3. llu s t adhere permoJ1.e-.1tl y to \'"Jet coal . 4. llust be non -odorous o:r practica lly so , i n customers' bins, and in burni ng. 5. llu s t be applied i n a t..l1.in coat for economy, but have a high surfa ce ten sion ; tha t is, mu st r emain vihere placed and not creep . 6 . Mu s t be clean - - no t gumi:ey- • 7. llust not add to smoke emiss io n or soot format:.i..on . 8. Must be waterproof. 9. Must fully seal the pore s o f coa l and prevent entrance of extraneous moisture, or exit of' inhe:rent mo i sture . 10. llust tend to prevent segregatio n i n the f i ne coal s. 11. Uust tend to prevent discolo r a tion of c oa l through ~ea therin g . 12. llus t tend to prevent oxida tion. 13. iluet be non-corrosi ve and non-injuri ous. 1 4 . ilust not sour i n conta iners or i n use , regardl ess of hi gh s umm er t emperatures. 15. I.!u s t help prevent f reez ing of l.1e t c oal. J.. 2. In a ddition to the se "mus·t 11 r equirements, we h ad some other thoughts Y/hich Tie considered perh aps a little ideali stic , and decided that i f ,1e were a·ole t o a ccompli sh our noted obj ecti ve satisfactorily , ,, e v,ould b e conten t. our t r.ought wao , th a t du e to the friabl e natur e o f our high volatile 6~utht1e otern coalo , u e l.'1ould require a "fixed dust" method o f treating ; that is , t he f ine Pal'ticlee , broken from larg er pieces during handling or tran spor tation , should become attached and p ermanently held to the larger particles, or to each o 1her, until i&iition and c ombust ion took place. Vie decided first of all that we would not place our trust in theoretical values or laboratory tests, but in.s tead, would in stall a uni t to handle one loading boom at capacity, and depend en ti rely on practical results. �3 .Also, ,,e determin cd, if po s::iible, to \"Tork out a treatment equally effec•t;i ve for domestic and steam sizes of coal. Rig:it or rr.rong 1 rrc a lno ::it i rnnedia.te)y decided to eliminate from further con s i de:rution both emulsifi able oils and Calcium Chloride. ~e fii•ot due to l ack o:t v1aterp:roofnc os -- the latte:r because of co:rrooion complain ts f1•om users. ;:: e found that w0s ·;:. li {Jlt oils ( belo\7 150 Vis , G 100° F .) had only t emporary value, 2:1C:. s?::oul ::i be used, in our opinio n, only at yards er simi122' l oedi:1 :; i.)oints r1here co a l is b e ing delivered to conSUBer fo :" :lr:..1cdi::~:t e burning . Dr. \7i lkins of hnel and s t a t es that oil penetrate s to the interna l surfeces and fill s the capillaries before becomna effective on exterior EJUI"f a ces for du s t l ess trea tment. This probabl y accounts for lack of derived dus·U e s s b enefit because oil :pm etre.ting pores or in te:m o.1 surfa ces h a s no useful dustproofing effect, and to~ether rli th lo ss to atco spher e in treating and vo l ati lization looses, results in only v.. v ery s::iall percentage of oil used fo:i:' treatin g . being a v ci l able to do the job of Tiork at hand, thus tending -~o reduce p ermanence . .Al eo, due to excess quantity used to try to corr e c t thi s cond i tion, the ulti.Iilate cost per treated ton i s hi~.1 . One thought in treating i a to use heo.vi e r v i s cosi r,y oils so that l arger mo l ecules will tend -to choke the capill aries and th.us preven. t the oi 1 loss to i n tern a l sur.fuces. 110 ,1 ne find that oils u sed for sp1•aying , v,hetllcr straight or chemically trea ted, either spread or creep over the surface treated~ or due to hi oier vi sco si ty or other char a c teri a tics, remai n as placed. \'Lb.en vi scosity i s hi ch and a hee.V!J appli cation fP. ven, the result i o often a gumny or greasy film, o.r as some describe it, s·trca.1."Y, Some observers re1.)ort that excessi vc draf·t is neceusa1·y ui th fine co a l i f too much oil i s used, a.nd ue c an soe hocr too ruuc..l-J. oil, in nddi tion to bein6 uncl ean ccnd e:2rpensi ve, could cause combustion or load troubles in Eome stea;:i Dl.2Dts . Vi th c old oil. u11pli cations, i t i o generall y nft,Teed that the deposit of oil on coal i 3 in the forr!l. of o.i•opl ete. v i th this Dort o f a1,1-pli cation, tha dror>lets mu st cre ep ·co give a continuous film. This reasonins turned us touarc.1 the hot or vs:2or system of nl)pli ca ti.on , using a treating box on the loadin s boom. The vapor treattlent, in our opinion , gave a much better distribution or film because each piece of coal i s i mmersed or bc.thed in a. box full of atomized va 1JOr or fog at fairly high tCI!lpcrutlll" e , ayproxiuately 160° !? . , so -r1e started with th&.t ty1;e of unit . \le arc still of the same opinion, �al.though i t uas necessary to reodify the in stallation somevrhat l ater, but the Viking na.nu:fac·~urinc; Company h ave kept ste11 ~Ji ttl. us in -chi s respect. i!e y,e:s.~e progres:::.i ng slouly toy,ards our goal ·w hen e. young cnemical stud en 'G a2p:;.•oaohed us ,;;i th a11 i dca for a treating fluid uhich, uhi l e simpl e in its rn.ake-up, nevertheless had the earmarks of being rmi-thy. His idea \7as to u se a certain kind of crysta lline \70.X bl ended \7i t..11 a certain kind of oil i n a certa in ratio , r,hich uoul d t;i ve n. homoge."leous mass, and mi.ch also appcU"en tzy . -, ould ada:}t itself to si mpl e ap_pli cation, as wel l as satisfy us as ·co acc,nomy. 'i'his maJGerial was c a lled \'!a;xo l, and the pi·ocess f..'..S uoef.. by Sinclair Coal Company affiliates uas lmoun as Sinco l izing or Delcoli zi.ng. Our eaxli est tes·ts con vi nc ed us o:f the merit of t'he f luid. and in addition ·i;o meeting ou:r fifteen poi nts of requirement, p roved to us the.t o the:-c definite advantages accrued ·~o dealers and consuners. 1. \7e foun cl ow.~ cost pex- ton to be lo ue:r t.han cos':; figures given us by other produce:r s using s t rai ©1t oil. This i s due to positive conti·ol of temperature and vo l ume , and the physica l charac·Geristics of the Wa..xol fluid... 2. Dealers reported that degradation iu transi •~ and hendl ing uas reduced to an unbelievable minimm;i, and cars 0 we1GbGd out11 notr, Aleo, that customers ~7ere ,rell pleased ,·d th results and ''repeated. 11 3. Due to congealing effect, uhen coal travels from the hot txeating box into prevail ing atmospheric temperatures, a film or sld.n r.ri th high adhesive propez- ti es, i mmediately envelo ps each piece or· particle o f co al, and surf2.oe moi s·~1.u·e he.a uo e:ffect on this fo 1ne.tion. L.1. lJo obj actionable odol' was reporJlied except in the earliest· t ests u'aen our technique was bein g developed . The o ne com-1Jlain t of this nature -r1e h a.d uas a bin and stockpile compl a i nt, and no objec tion Yras raised as to odoz-ous blll'l'li ng . 5. \le fowid that a coa'liing so thi11 as to be hardly noticeable -,.,as o.d'fici eut to do a very .sati s :fo.ctol'Y job. 6. Some dealers, in tho earl y stages , complain etl that \"re were not using sufficient treatif?.g material. At one mine the nozzle aizeo '7e!'e inci·eascd to try to give satiofaction, before complaint had been ch~cked . Investi gation reveal ed that complainants could not see t he treatment because they expected an oily film to cov·er t he coal surfaces, '.ibezy- had not had any du at co:cij;lain ts, ho'\"1ever. 1.·Jhen in or eased q uanti ti es �5 of fluid uere used so that an accumulation of treating f luid appeared on the coal su.rface, in the heavy burning mon t..ns, we found no trouble exp eri en c ed ui tll unclean handling, but; , of course, our cost per ton ti?eatecl. ,1as too high. In the summer months wit..'h hi gh ter.1peratuxes , no surface l osses were noted, and the dust retention :film uas equo.lly e:ffecti ve. 1 7. ·,~I'.ui l e ,1e did r10 t ei:1Je c-t to get any particular benefits in comous·~ion, ciue to the treating , 11e receive re1JOrts constan·l;ly of .reo.uc •tion o -Z m o ·c 2.11d i'ly-ash and smoke abatemei"l t . 8. ilany ·~e:r~s have c.lc;..!.Ons tra-ted that a -,rery thin film \"Jill make co a l i mv0rvJ.o us ·to nate:r . \le have b een unab le to notice any deleterio us effect on treated. coal of any s i ze caused by ~ain or sno-r:-i'all i n -cr:.m sit o:i.· storage . 9 . Y'.lhe~..11er w.·~y coal or de;;;ate:red Tiet nashed coal uere treated, apparei-i tly made no difference as to the abi l i t¥ to perfect a protective film. 1:;o doubt, the fact; that the capillaries of t.he coal v,ere Ei'l·ci :rely or partially fill ed \"lith uat e1.·, helped to ~·educe pounds of f l uid required per ton of coal, and llelpcd to gi. ve improved eppearance -co \7ct co al. Contrary to our eurliei· expeeJcb.:ci one;· there was no tendency for the ex'i.xaneoua moi e tu:re to prevent ·i;horo ugh filmn g . :Dy trapping the inherent ::ind c a;pillal'Y .moi sture , i mpro~v'ed burning concli tions resulted, partly due to tempering action , a:pparen tly , and many checks at consumer points, proved that moi sture content, as weighed a t mine scales r emained constant , on prepared sizes, 2Xld mine ,1eights \"lere actually deli ve:red to dealers and coneuners, and I:10isture shrinkage h ad been :practically 100 per cent elimina ted. 10 . Segregation or si ze distributi on was greatly reciuced in loading and handling, al1d increaoed effi ci enci es nere repor ·ted in stoker fired furnaces, evi den·Uy due to bette1· ai:r contro l in combustion. 11. '.ule p rotective coe1.ting , throu&;h .vreventi on of atLlo spheric a t tack on i mpure ingredi e:n. ts defi ni ·cely helyed prevent u.scolora tion after lo a di ng i n rail c a1·s. 12. J!itJ the oame to ken , ,;1e found no avidence of o xi dati on ,1hei· e p::. :·o J_) el' qu all t,i ti es ox J}-ro per i: a •i:;i o bl end ,--.,er e used, 13. 1:Ia t-urally. no cor r osi ve a c·,aon tio.s found to exist. but rather a lubric ating and protec tiv e surfac e v.ras imparted to a sli@lt degree to any solid material whl c..11 the tree.ted coal cnme in con tac·i; ,;Ii m. 14. It ,,as to be expected that no trouble u oul d be exr_,,cri enced , ,i 1h souring of material, .md, of couxse, none has taken place. �-6 15 • \'Jhe:re \10.,o uaehed. cocl. ·naa lo aded in cars whi ch could drain e~tcess L10i ::r~u:te tl1rou&~ houner doors or c1.. acks or holes in floor!:!, i t ,.,as foun{t. t:llfl.-..:. ·2-1e-\1axlike film prevented fr~eziu g into a soli d mass, lm·i; 7.'uthcr a 11 c:t'u.s ·Une; 11 :r esul~lied \ih1.ch \"JOUl cl in 1,n..· actically ever;," c:J.se allow th e unloa.del's sihovel to b-Xec1Js: the mass dn't'm, ':'tl·i s , 0 f coux se I a;ppli es to 'fine co ::0... Alf: o , i t shoul d be si.2.:i;ed. ·i;h at regardless of nhat material. mey be u sed :for t!' eati nc, i ·i; is if..'lPO ssible with ~y of the no'l'l knotm ma.terial o to ecouomically apply suffici ent materi al to prevent freezin g i n the car bottom if t-he lo w·er part of the ce.:r i s tight a.YJ. d ,!ill n~ t 2.llo\'l excess l!!O i stu.re to d:r a.in f'rom the car . I ·l; i s o t:!' hope in the near fu. tur e to find mec.b.ani cal me~s to elimin:2.-te excessive mo i sture :from uet ,1a.shed fin e co al, so that .\'Joxol treutme nt y,iill pr event freezi ng in ca1"e. Of course, ~7a.,,'© l izin& uas equally s uccessful on domestic s iz es and steam coals. Alt:o, ue r1e1·e clz.d to find, due to the 11atu1·e of the fluid, that we were able to ccnt:rol , by p :l'.'eosui-e ancl iem•• :P erature, the am.oun t used, ao that, in congealing , e thin continuous film or coating ,-,as s ecured, 1=1hi ch stnyed 1:ihere p1 aced, and 1.1e ha<l no lo sees by i mpi·egnation of uooden cars or bins, and found the car bottoms clean at dealers ' yards, m. thout pools or puddles l eft after coal vraa unlo aded froI'!l f l at cars . In concl.uc1.ing, I might add, that if was preserves tlle condition of fl'esh f"rui t beina shipped to mel'ket, and i f Sinonizing pl'esei·ves the fine fini sh of your automobile from the elements , OJd.dil.tion , etc., tlien , i t seeras a xeuson~ble state:nent to .make , that \ia.Y..o lizin g, i.7ill protec t ,?,nd preserve your coal. • CO.AL :PROCESS COUP AlTY 1012 Baltimore Avenue, Kansas City. Ui ssouri Excl.usive :.Producers ond Diatribu..GOrs \'Iaxol Coal ':i'reating Fluid �• T : .:..G RAM 5'%CAR LOW. P" ONE. L E ! • : Fl FCOL., GL.AsGow:· '"Fl FCOL.. LONDON:' XJ!j4<?td~~ HEAO OFFICE, ~~ 25th May, 1937 . George B. Pryde, Esq. , Vice- President and General I11a.nager, The Union ?acific Coal Company ~ Rock Springs, r:.yoming, U. S . A. Dear Mr. Pryde, I thank you for your letter dated 11th May, and am glad to '.have your exchange of news and views. At the moment, the two points exciting the industry here are probably the following: (1) The possibil ity of a national strike over the question of the Nottingham Union, sometimes called the 1spencer 11 Union . ~his, as you probabl y know, consists of a group in the Notting- ham area \7hich broke away from the 1'iiners I Federation in 1926, made an agreement with their o,·m Colliery Owners , and started up the Nottingham coalfield in the middle of the national strike 1926. It may be said that this body of miners ratted on the Federation el even years ago, and have been very unpopular with the Federation ever since. The Federation have determined to fight it out with this small Union, and compel unification ,1ithin the Federation, seizing the present opportunity as suitabl e for this purpose. At the moment of vrriting, it would, however, appear that agreement is likely , and that ult imately the Spencer Union will join up with the Federation on terms presentl y being discussed by an intermediator appointed by the 111nister for IUnes. (2) �.%..~~······ ·•·•• . Ge.o:r..g.e...s ......P1?.yde.r ··Il:s q . ., .. \"'.:yo.ming.,...u...s....A. ( 2) 31-~e.. . .. . . . .2................................. The new tax, entitled 1tNa t;ional Defence Contribution1.t : 11 The Col liery Guardian" \"Jill n o doubt inform you as to the general view in re gard to t hi s , a s well as in regard to t h e Spencer Union question. Fr om our point of view, it is rather unfair that industr i e s such as the coal trad~ which have recent l y passed thr ough a pe riod of depression and now are enjoying prosperity , should be taxed, while industries which had no depression and n o additional prosperity should be exempt. A very gr eat deal could be said in support of the unfairness in general principle. If businesses such as "1.'fool worth' s Stores have earned 20fb every year for the. past five years, they escape, whereas a shipbuilding Company which made, perhaps, no profit at all in the period from 1931 to 1 935, is now to be taxed on everything over 6% of its capital. On the other hand, there are two points to be remembered : (a) The present Government introduced tariffs on many articl es, incl uding particularly steel , the result of ,vhic h may be assumed to be increased prosperity in many trade s in this country. (b) An enormous armament programme is now in operation, whereas five years ago disarmament was the pol icy of .. this country. These two things together have been done by the Governme nt . The depressed trades might still have been depressed but for these two factors, and the Government may consider themselves entitl ed t o a l ittl e of the profits resul ting from their own action under these two headings. No doub t , the prosperity in the steel trade has been of considerable assistance to coal, and so , also, has the armament progra:mne. Inequalities will doubtless arise which some peopl e may find hard to bear, but, as usual , the l ongsuffering taxpayer Yrill get accustomed to it, and make the best of it, r ealising that, after all, the ol d country offers compensat ing advantages. On/ �,.%. S:~................G.-.!?..9.:r.ge....B........Pr:y.de., ....Es q.•.,....:wyoming··; ····.u·.s·-A. PJJ~e.......... .. ~. . . . . .................... On another point, in .America a good deal is being done in the way of rendering coal dust - free by treating it with oil vapour. I have read all the publications by the Bureau of Mines , in the rtcoal 11.ge,11 and in the Proceedings of the American· Institute of !1•~ining Engineers, of which I am a member. It seems to me that this is a useful development,: particularl y for coal intended for bunkering of steamers in the Mediterranean and e lsewhe1"e, where the dust is a very great nuisance when bunkerin13 with coal. At the moment, I am cormnunicating with some of the commercial interests concerned, and if any encouragement is given , I think I must try to get the Institution of Minin g Engineers to do some experimental work on the subject in the general interest. If you happen to have any published information on the subject, I would be greatly obliged if you v,ill l et me hear from you. In the meantime, my colleagues join me in sending you all good wishes. Yours sincerely, ~~ ;fb~J{J 7 �I L:ey 12 ~ 19 37 il1· . c. Au gu s tu s Carlo\-, '.l1-1e ?i fe Co al 001:ipany, Li nri. t e<.l Leven, Fifeenire Scotland Dea1· llr. Carlor:•: I read ':1i th a grent dea l o f in'Ge:rest your communi-. cation of the 23rd ultimo. I enjo y gr eatly hearing about tho coal mining operations in Great Bri iein through you~self Qi'lU members of your staff. I think yoUl.' Planning Department is a n e:,cc ell en t one end, I am sure, \7ill grow. 1:le have r ecen Uy, a s yo u p robably lmon, a:ppoin te<l en engineer to t a l{e charge of our· 1>la nning and reoearch department, and have also a ppointed our ol a e s t lline su1Je1·1ntendent, I!lr. T. H. Butler, as Chief Hinin g ~?ui::iervi::;or. to assist in this uork, and a lso -co give p a rt of h i s titne t o curi·ent mining probl ems. Ur. Butler h a s b een u ith us 56 years. starting in when 10 yea rs of a ge, and hi s pr uctica l exp c:rience ui ll 1.>e invaluable to us. As I read the 11 Colli cry Guardian" and the Briti sh mining papers, I ain indeed our-prised at the shortage of coa l in Great :Sri tain, and I as1.;u:re you I h r!.Ve read \Ji th a g rea t deal of interest the bulletin tha t you s o kindly s ent me, c;ivinc-; :9roduotion, qlX>tas and selling priceo. of coal in the diff erent countries. ·.'!e do not ha.Ve the boy p ro bl er.1 in our coun tr~' that you ho.Ve in Great .Britain, as i:,e do not emp loy o.nyone under eie;hteen yea1·0 o:f ace, and -.·1hen young men rea ch eighteen years of a ~e, ,·.rith o li ttle training, of cours e, tltey cx:-9ect to obta1n a man's uaee~. ,1hich ,·1e pcy. Boys should be properly trained before beinG put in reoponsible jobs in the mines, as not only their ovm safety, but the safety of' othera depends on their kno\"!ledc,.e oi' the Ytork they are do inc;. I · can see. ho,·,ever. o. great deal 01' benefit to be derived from the training 01' boys, parti e11larly in the mechanical operation a, v1here they do not have aa much of the tradi tiona of the mines aa their fa.there , and are more receptive to adopting safety sucgestion s, and to di a cip line. The older miner is a good deal of an individualiet; he thinks largely in terms of himself. The younger men, grom.ng up, on account of the mechanical operation �2 of the mines, must \"JO::Ck l argely en mo.see , and our experience has been that they react to thct s ituation. \7e found tha i the Code of Gta.11dards is a very cxcellen t book, and the [,l'ea.teGt ocn efi ·t --::o have de1·i ved :from it is that all of the staff of the ~i fferent mining operation s do t h e same job in t he sui:.ia \ ;cy . Ile l.'etofoi·e, every individual superintendent o r :Fore11211 hQd .! di ffQj;'cn i idea o f doing the sone job, nnd this often res-..1ltcci in considerabl e expense and \·1as not ,1holly conduci v~ to Sc.fety. I G!l! fx~k to say I :1acJ. no "i; thoue,h t of the great preparations tha t a:re being ma.tie in -~he .British I s les with regard to the possibility of an ai:i:· :~•aid in future war s, and, as I read your l etter and then study ·me Colliery Guardi an of a recent issue that fact is very forcibly brouLht h ome to u1 e . 1 can see, -..:ith the development of airplanes and the lont.,- ra11be flying they can undertake, the necessity for precauti ons of this kind, the fact rem.nding us tha t there i s a l u~s the possibility of' '\"lar . ?he Spanish situation is .u dreadful one, v,here each side seems bent on annihila.tinc; the other. Centuries of culture, their i:;onderful archi tecture , and the very civilize tion of the Spanish ~eople ~re beinc ~i~ed out. I a~ planning on listenins in on the radio to ~½e coronation ceremonies tomorI'0\7 morning, r:hich r-ri. 11 be about four J• • ::. . here. I lalo't'J there uill be a tremendous croY:tl thel'e, cmd i t r.rill bee. 6reat day :fox the British yeo1>l e . I rememb er very i'o:rci bly the Jubilee celebration i n Great Bl'i tain dur ing the reign of q,ueen Victoria. \"le sit,necl a t,e.ge a &--re emen t f or t,:o years c'iurint; the past ueek , t.nd just as soon as the l!.gx·eement s ai·e printed, I 1,-;i ll send you a copy, as I em su1·e that the r-ates of pay that are prevalcn t here and the condition s und er i:;hi ch \'Je y;ork \'fill be info ~ati ve . ·:.re are e:oi11c alonG 1.-:ith quite a h cavj.r .vrogro.m this yea?:, opening up our ne,1 mine at Superior, and ,;1e h ave a l.:,O Od deo.l. of capital expendi turee under .._,o:y \"thich ue expect to huva coupieted by early September, b efore the heavy coal p roduction ia required. llay I a c,ain thonk you for your !!lO st inte1~estinz l ettor, and ~ould like to be remembereo to the members of your s t2f f, 1>articularly ::.:r . Rei d mo. his f£'.ther and Ur . lic!Tei ll. Very sincerely yours, o rl>tlna I S \;.rood: GEOHG[ B. PRYDl �TELEGRAMS:fCARL.OW, PHONE, LEVEN'.' FI F COL. GL.ASGOw:· ~Fl FCOL, LONDON'.' T1<LEPHONl N~~ 161 & 162 LllYEN x~~~~ H EAC OFFICE, ~~ 23rd Apr il, 1937. George B. Jryde, Lsq., Vice- President, The Union Pacific Coal Company, ?..ock Sprinf;s, '..YOi.1Il'!G' U. S. A. Dear :i,a> . ?ryde, :]any thanks for your letter of April 2nd. It is very re:'reshin6 to exchange vie\'!S yfi th such a progressive mining engineer as yourself, and also one from uhom our peopl e have received such kindness in the past. ::e are at present enlarging our Planning Department, an<i I have in contemplation the suggestion the t ;.rr . Re i d mi2;ht try to arranc;e the manac;erial staff in such a nay that some of the mana gers might have a spell of work in the Ple.1:ming Department, just to Yriden their viens, enlarge their experience, e.nd perhaps equip them for better nork in the OperatinG Department through seeing both sides of the picture. , As to tne coal position in turope, it probabl y is diffi cult for you to appreciate the existin~ shorta s e of coal, and the various 1tquotas 11 and other complications surrounding the free f l m-; of coal. Perhaps you ,..,ill be interested in some of the fi:;uree in the enclosed Foreign Bulletin issued by the ~inin3 Association of Great Brituin. 'I·he/ �2 .,... .. ......_. The ques t ion of ooys 1 1:,ages is a bur n i n g one at present, and I think ,·,.e will have to be a litt l e b road- mi nded i n dealing with this matte r, s o that boys may be attrac ted i nto t he industry. Personal l y , I oon ver y desirous that the boys should be encourag ed to gain experienc e in a ll the variou s jobs under ground and become qualified pitmen, but you will appreciate the difficulty in g ettins an or[ anisation of t h is k ind put i nt o operation by the operatinc; manage rs, wh ose fi rst bus iness is cost of production . I thank you v ery much f or t he copy of the very c omple te Code of Standards a dopt ed by your Company , whi ch, i f completel y carried out, must conduce ~r eatly to the eff iciency of the entire operations . At the moment, atte ntion i n t his countr y i s bei n~ dravm to precautions against air raid s. In my mi nd, t v10 of the greatest difficulties arise in conn ection with the safeguardinc; of the underground worke rs, an d these are: r:I·he possibility of an exp losive bomb nr e cking t he headgear - and the headgears cannot ve ry vrell b e protected . ~'he second is a bomb of poison-gas landing near the mouth of the doi:mcast shaft. 'l'he manager n ou l d have to decid e whether to stop t he ventil ation and risk mine gas forming , or keep the vent ila t ion :;oins and risk poison-gas going d o\m the pit. ·.·.e live in a different atmosphere from that which preva ils in the \"iestern States of America . Probably we in Fife are furthe r ar,ay from hostile countri es t h an are the collierie s in Eng land, and more so in r:ales , but the East Coa s t is alway s vul nerable . I am sorry that you will not be in t his country next month . but can only assure you of' a v e r y r,ar m ,7elcome v;h en you can find time and opp ortu.ni ty to come to Scotla nd. r.Zy colleagues join me in this and ev er-y good wish. Yours sincerely , Enclo . Foreign oulletin . �THE MINING ASSOCIATION OF· GREAT BRITAIN FOREIGN BULLETIN NO,CCCCLXXXV 15th April 1937 Table of Contents Page No. Germany Weekly Output of Coal in the· Ruhr District Results of German Mine \Vest German Coal Market South German Coal Market German Coal Exports - January & February 1937 Output per Person per Shift in Principal German Coal Mining Districts - January 1937 Wages in Germany German Unemployment - March 1937 Belgium . Belgian Coal Consumption - 1936 Social Charges in Belgium France Effect of New French Quota Restrictions Exemptions from French Coal Tax Oil from Ooal in France Holland Dutch Imports & Exports of Coal etc. - March 1937 Po,and olish Coal Export Prices - 1932/1936 Polish Coal Exports - March 1937 'EaTn1:ri.gi~-~ en.-'iii-t"n~ ~ -- J"-~t>.:~~-.;;;•1: 9-$ 7 Output pe;i: Person per Shift of Po1ish :Miners - 8589 8591 859.3 Ja;o.uary 1937 8593 Turkel Turkish Black Sea Coal Industry 8594 Oanada. Canadian Coal Industry - February 1937 u, s, .A.. Imports of Coal for Consumption in the u.s.A. January 1937 • Exports of Coal from the U.S.A. - January_19J7 8597 8597 �THE MiiHNG ASSOCIATION OF GR ~AT BRITAIN. FOREIGN BUL~aTIN NO. CCCCLXXXV GERMANY Wuckly out::ut of Coal in th~ Ruhr District. During tha wadk 0nddd tn~ 3rd April 1937, the output of coal in the Ruhr district in 5 working days amoun'tc:d to 2,058,464 m:ettri~ :·tona as compared with 2,174,601 ruet~ic tons in 5 working days in tho previous wdek. The: production of coke: totallud 570,823 tons as comp::i.red with 67,232 metric tons in th~ pr~vious w~ck. In the corrasponding week of thQ ydar 1936 thd output of coal totalled 1,963,449 mdtrio tons, that of ooke· 490,311 m0tric tons, and t,1t.Lt of briquottee 64,913 m~tric tons in 6 · working daysc The outp~t P-~l' workin1::, day in th0 Wcc:k . dildcd thd 3rd April 1937 averaged 411,o93fmctric tons of coul, 81,~40 matric tons of coke and 14,202 metric tons of briqu~ttes as compardd with 434,920f m0trio tons of coal, 80,717 metric tons of coke and 13,446 tons of briquettes in the previous week and 327 1 242 metric tons of coal, 70,044 metric tone of coke and 10,819 metric tons of briquettes in t he corresponding week of the year 1936c Output of ! Output per \vorking day of : Coal : Coke : Briguet~cs! Coal : Coke : Briguettas -------------------------metric tons-------------------------- Week ended 1937: Jan. 2 1i 23 30 6 Fc~b. lJ 20 .Mar, 27 6 13 20 27 Apr. 3 Apr.ii~4 1,932 .~54 552,153 2,453,82i 557,194 2, L;45, 77 5541 2J.5 2,459,099 561,202 2,518,507 565;570 2,447 :021 566,4'.::15 2,44)_,304 559,926 2,469, 4~9 5b2~ So, 2,524,111 569,848 2,465,184 565,496 2,528,~7 568,091 2,515,028 567,042 2,17i,601 565,017 2,05 ,464 570,823 1,262,442 490,311 63,352 88,539 91, J56 386,471 408,971 407,629 409,850 90,073 95,016 407,251X 79,989 81,741 87,671 78,879 79,599 79,17..J. 80,172 419,751X 80, 796 • 407,837x 80,928 9<Y,·oss--·-•• 411,5a2x 80,358 8%,465 7 ,456 420,685x 81,407 79,861 67,232 71,012 64,913 ,_µ9:271X 81,006 Bo,550 4l0~864X 80,785 421,403x 81,156 434,920f 80,717 411,693t 81,546 327,2!±2 10,044 x Including Sunday production, divid~d by 6 working days. II II II II II II II 5 (Deutsche Bergw~rks Zei tung - .9th April, 1937) f (8575) 12,670 13,624 14,757 15,259 14, 612 15,012 15,836 15,009 14 ,078 13,076 13,425 13,310 13, 4'-i-6 14,202 10,81~ ·I ! l -, I �Results of German Mine The report of the Eaeener Steinkotrlenbargwerke A,G. for the year 1936 shows t hat the output of coal in that ·year totalled 4.84 million metric tons as compared with 4.34 million metric tons in the preceding year, While the output of coke totalled 0.52 million metric tons as against 0.51 million metric tone in 1935. The output of briquettes a.monnted to 0.56 million met ric tone as compared with 0.52 million metric tons in 1935. The distribution of the output among the various classes of coal produced is of interest:- 193b Million Met, Tonra .Anthraci tic Coal . ..... . . Low Volatile Coal ...... . Bituminous Coal . . ....... High Volatile Coal .. . ... 1.15 0 .7~ 2.4 0.47 o/o 23. 7 15.2 51.~ 9. 1935 .M111ion •• '/o ! Met.Tons 1.02 0.69 2. 20 0.44 23.4 15,9 50,6 10.1 The output of the concern showed a 18.l'ger increaee than the average for the Ruhr district as a whole being 11.3% as against 9. 6~. This was due to the fact that the quota of the concern was increased by 1 million metric ton·s as from the lat.April 1936 in consequence of the completion of a new double shaft. The sales participation bf the Syndicate aniounted to 5,5~9,GOO ~t~ic tons of esal, 1.815.570 metric tons of coke and 2,116 t 100 metric tons of briquettes. The number of persons employed increased during the year by 1,322 and at the end of the year totalled 12,725. Proceeds of the concern showed an increase of about 15%, while thectproceeds from participations showed an inoreaee of 5070. It will be observed that the Essen Trading Company at Duisburg showed a satisfactory profit. The dividends of the Syndicate Trading Companies showed a small increase. The concern was also interested 1n various other concerns including the Ruhr .Gae Oompany and the Ruhr Chemical Company. . �(8577) While the receipts increased by more than 20%, expenditure only showed an increa~e of approximately 18%, Social charges accounted for · 19 . 4~ of the wages and salaries paid. The gross profit was about 35~ greater than in the previous year and after making depreciation allowances 29% in excess of those written off in the preceding year, the net profit showed an increase of 50%. Out of the net profit l million marks were placed to reserves, bringing these up to 2 million marks, while a dividend of 4~ was paid on the capital of 63 million marks. In the first quarter of the current year, the satisfactory sales position has continued and stocks have now practically bean exhausted. The concern is associated with the Harpen concern in an oil from coal process and has set up a subsidiary company With a capital of 12 million marks, three-qu§rtere of this amount being provided by the Essen concern and 25~ by the Harpen. This first report available from the Ruhr mines for the year 1936 shows that the mining industry is in a better position to ad.dress itself to new tasks than a year or two ago • . The general increase in the level of production has now extended to coal and the improved conditions on the world market have alleviated the burden placed upon the collieries by the necessity of maintaining the export traGe. (Deutsche Bergwerks Zeitung - 6t~ April 1937~ Beriiner Tageblatt - 6th April 1937) West German Ooal Market According to provisional figures the output of coal in the Ruhr district in the month of March 1937 totalled 10.52 million metric tons as compared with 9.90 million metric tons in the preceding month. The output per working day averaged 420,000 metr1o t~n• as compared with 413,000 metric tons per day in the precedtng . month. Thie is only slightly below the maximum figur~ of output per working _d ay in 1929. The mines were able to satisfy the increased demands made upon them as a result of development work being maintained underground in earlier years in anticipation of an increase . 1j in demand. The following table compares the output of coal at the Ruhr mines in the first quarter of the current year with the corresponding figures for 1936:- _fl �: . 123Z : 1936 : 193z Tota.I :_per working day million metric tons metric tons :_1236 Jenuary February March i~gl 8.61 9.90 10 . 52 360,000 3471000 . 331,000 26 .54 30.70 346,000 10. 28 411,000 413;000 420,000 Average 415,000 It will be observed that while the output in 1936 was 107.5 million metric tons, the figures for the first quarter of 1937 are at the rate of approximately 123 million metric tons, representing an increase of approximately 15%. The production of coke in March totalled 2.51 milli•n metric tone as compared with 2.35 million metric tons in the preceding month. The output per working day amounted to 81,000 metric tons as against 84,000 metric tons in the month of February. The following table gives the figures for the period January to March in the last two years:- January' February ll~b. 1936 : 1937 Total million metric tons 1936 : 193'7 per working: da.y 2.17 70,000 72,000 2.10 2 .25 metric tons 72,000 7.44 • 71,300 83,000 84,000 81,000 Average 82,700 The sales ~f Ruhr coal were maintained at a satisfactory level as regards quantity. The total sales of the Ruhr mines exceecGd·those in the. beat month in the preceding accounting period ended 31st . March 1937. This resu.l.t was achieved in spite of . a reduction in the sales of domestic fuel and of coke, the i~creaae in the sales of industrial ooal more than offsetting the reduction in the sales of domestic fuel. · �(8579) The total sales on account of the Syndicate by the Ruhr mines averaged 283,000 metric tons per working day in March as compared with 280,000 metric tons per working day in the month of February . The sales in the uncontested dietriot fell away for seasonal reasons, averaging 127,000 metric tons per working day as compared with 129,000 metric tone per working day in the preceding month. Sales in the contested district, however, increased from 151,000 metric tons per working day in February to 156,000 metric tons per working day in March. Including the Aix and Saar mines total sales for account of the Syndicate averaged 324,000 metric ~one per working day in .March as compared with 323,000 metric tons per working day in February. The following table summarises the figures for the first quarters of the current and the preceding year:; Salee of Ruhr Mines on Account of the Per Woi,king Day January February March Average ..... . January February .March Average ..... . J Syndicate : Uncontested: Contested Total :· Di at rict : Di st riot ----------metric tons--------226,000 206,000 191,000 105,ooo 99,000 94,000 121,000 lOp,000 207,600 99,300 108,JOO 2e3,oob 134,000 280,000 283,000 149,000 129,000 127,000 151,000 156,000 282,000 130,000 152,000 -91,000 As a result of the increase in sales, there was also an improvement in the utilisation of th-e sales part icipationa· as appears from the following table:- �(8580) _________ :-·-1936 : Coal 1931 - - - ~: Coal Coke Coke 47 . 73 47.65 47.25 26.65 27.57 23.42 62.86 62. 14 62.40* 39.32 40.99 38. 60 47.54 25.88 62.5* 39.30 ------------------t.J------------------- January . . .......... February c •• ••••••• ~ March . . . . c • • o o "' . . . . , Average ..... . . ... ----· --~ ·-- *Approximately As regards the po s i ticn in respec~ii of the individual classes of coal, the demand fo r bituminous coal was somewhat greater eepeoial ly for uns0reened a.".ld bunker v,,3.L The demand for large r..ut s, hcwever, wc,;.a not so great~ Gas and gas-flame coals also experienced. e:..1 :;.nc:rease t n demond: principally in respect of 1.u-Ascreened coal for bunkering purposes. The orders f~x omallo uf this class of coal were in excegs of oupplieso The demand fC.r l ow 70 la•~i.:.e and anthracite c o als decreaced for ae~sonnl reasons but t he requirements of induatria~ consumer □ for t he smaller sizes remained at a high level. I-t waa no·~ poss::.ble to cope with all the orders for small9 9 In .A.pri 1 it is an.tic1.pat ec", there i'iill be n. further reduction in dema"ld foJ' domestic fuel but ·that th:i.e will be offset by an increase in induotrial requirements . In order to produce the nece ssary ¼uontity of coal, the number of persons had to be increa8ed so that approximately 275,500 men were engaged at the end of March o There has thus been an ino~ease of ovex 15~000 in the number 0£ persons employed at the Run:r m'inea erince the beg·inning of the year, while as compared with the figure fo= September 1932: there h as been an increase of 80,000 men~ There were no sh::.fts loEJt on account of lack of trade in March. (Deutsche Bergwerks Zeitung •- 8th Ap:r:t1 1937) .S.o ~t_q._ G~r.m@....9_Q.~LMa.!ic-U So far as figureo a.re availo.ble v,i th regard to coal consumed in 1936 1 it appears there has been a considerable in~ crease in demand as compared vri th that prevailing in preceding �( yea:rs. This increase io ,1 natur·al consequence of more favourable econ .:-:iic,.cc;ndi.".iions, The consu;-:J.pti0n for domea·~Jc purposes has increased as well as -~haii f o r ind11.st r. ial requj_rement s, in consequence of the enhanced :~1u.rcha m.:ig power of the population, in spite of the mild. W!)a.t h c::.:. ·.::'h <:: Saa:.: d .i .atrict has also profited by the increase :·.n !3alco in South Germany, but it is still neceesarf :for th~ South German coal market to absorb larger quantitie □ of Saar ,roducta. At the preGent time orders for Saa:.:- bi tuminouF.: C(>E.'l.:l. 3l1d 8;;3.a:: 1:,i tuminous nuts I, II and ID, in addit i cn tri S:i~::' 111:rge :flame coal . are required . .Anth:rc.:.citc nut c o o.le; w1th 'tihe oxcep·i;ion of nuts IV are more readily availabJ.e, The :;?<HJitic.m wjth regr1::-d to smo.lls Temains unchanged not o:Jly as :.·egards Ruh.r bui; n.J.gr) as regards Saar coal and the sho:r.-~n.g8 w~l :!. p r obably cont ~7.ue for well-known reaoons, The dc-mestlc fuel tr-:1.cle was qui et a,."ld the orders for the month of Apr11 show the u~r.1 al full:ing---ofL Merchants are waiting :fo1' the 'lntJ~oduct; :~on ~f nu.vnr;1<H rebates but no annouicemmit haG yet be e~ m~de with regard to them. Wi•th regard to ·the f :..• t~igh~ r.,on::.~.;t0n~ the :rate from Rotterdam to Mun:1heim h r1.s bee::1 al;)c.,u -t: 2, 70 marko per met ri ~ t on in the f:;:ee marl-=e1;. wh:i. :e th 0 ro::, c from Ruhrort to Mannheim has Vaj•:l.ed betv:een 1, 90 tG'lil 2 r.1arko per metric ton including towage o The quB.Tl.'t::1 ~.y uf B:.-lttoh co al lmpc::c~ed into South Germany dur1.ng the pent 'j ;., -:n.u:1tl:\n ~u.S been eGtimated a:t 140,000 met::.:-ic tons .. tbe r:1me Q.~a!:':t lty as in the preceding year. Import s f :r:-,1:"l Tfolla,--:c: -;;ere :rath er less than in the year encleel 31. n't ~ )6.a::ch ·.:.9-:5G '\,\).,,. Be'l.g'i.'um ha£ i..;.:po rt ed alma st JO% more coke ·~han i,n the J.l'revl:,us year, wh::.:e th ere have been only o. few oargoea i ; i Belgi an coaL While it io l:ikel~' tha.-b cJ.omeatic sales will drop during the month o: .Ap1·L. ; j t :.i. s p.r0bable that industrial consumption w:i.11 continu:3 to expand so th.at the volume of trade will be about the :rnme as in the mr;nth of March . (Deutsc:.le Bergwerko Zc:i.t ung - 9th A:9ril 1937) Q.~_;Wl..-':l71.~.Q,Q.DJ_,_f~::s:.a<lX:te...: ·- ,l@U.r.i.:TX_cl Ji~p ruary 19 37 Du:-ing the f:i. rEt two monthiJ :,f 1937 export a from Germany totall~d 5i874r-6G6 metric ton □ ~nnd thus exceeded the exports of oca1. f rom Great B.citn1::1 which Ji;0ta:lled 5;688 913 metric . tonei .... T~io :Lo 'i;he f:°L"'.'ot 1,:lmc, apart from the pl;lriod of the coal e 11 ri~e.o.~ I:::-:it:if.lh. m·ineo :i.n 1926, that German exports have exceeded .cn.t:!..~h ,:')al -axpor.t e , (Deut ache Bere;wer'ko z;~~.t ung - 13th April 1937) ( *incl'\Jdi:ng 42,Ll13 metric tone bunkers lexcluding 1.;942~166 rnetric tons bunkers. Ed.) �(8582) Ou ut per P~rson er Shift in Princi al: G~rman Coal Minin Districts - January 1 The following tabl0 shoTTs th~ output pen p erson per shift in thd Ruhr, Upper Silesia, Lowur Sil~sia, and Saxony during the month of Januaxy 1937, as compar ~d with th~ corresponding figurds for tha previous months and fo:i; ta1a yaars 1934, 1935 and 1936: Upper Silesia cwts. Kg. Ruhr K~. . Cwts. .. Lowar Silesia K~ . . : Cwts. Saxony : cwta. Kg. UNDERGROUND: l 2.:j.l ' •' 1,295 1,297 1,295 1,301 1,288 1,294 1,295 1,306 1,322 1,306 1,300 1,284 1,303 1,279 1, 26._i 24 . ..j.3 25.49 25.53 25.t9 25. 1 25,35 25. ~n 25.49 25.71 86.02 25.71 25.59 25.27 25. 65 25.18 24.88 1,019 20.06 1,007 19.82 968 19. 06 33.03 1,76..;. 3+72 33031 1,811 35.65 1,015 19.98 33068 1,897 37.34 1,023 20.16· 33.,96 1,887 37 .L,i 1,019 20.0 Fab . l., 733' Jti.oll 1,868 36.77 l,02 6 20.20 }la;r . l., 72.0 33.86 1., 8T~ 36~87 l , Ol.5 1.9.98 Apr. 1,726 33.,97 1,855 36.51 1,012 19.92 May 1, 713,... 330 72 1,8-J5 36.32 1,019 20.06 June 1,708 33062 l,8bl 36,63 1,029 20.25 July l, 702 33050 1,889 37.18 1,043 20.53 Aug, 1,703 33.52 1,892 37-2..]. 1,029 20.25 Sept. I, 700 33,,_~6 1,930 37.99 l,02..;. 20,lE> Oct, 1,697 33~40 1,935 38,09 1,012 19.92 Nov. 1, 703 33052 1,957 -38,52 1,032 20.31 Dec,-1, 707 33.,60 1, 9+~ 38.27 1,013 19.9t 1937 Jan. 1,691 33029 1, 9..µ , 38. 2~ 1,004- 19. 7 769 15.14 758 14. 92 2,163 1934 2,183 1935 2,199 193t> 1936 Jan. 2,207 Feb. 2,222 Mar. 2,212 Apr . 2,238 Hay 2,221 June 2,207 July-2,196 Aug. 2,202 Sept.2,189 Oct, 2,174 Nov, 2,170 Dec. 2,166 1937 Jan. 2,134 42.58 42~97 43.29 43°4-14307-+ 43.54 '+4005 43c72 43~44 -i-3 .. 23 43°34 43.09 42.79 42., 7l 42064 42.01 2,367 2, .+35 2,523 2,509 2,498 2,510 2~490 2,475 2,490 2,512 2,510 2,551 2 ·' 5596 2,58 2,565 2,553 46t59 :+7-93 -i-9-66 ..j.9 ,39 49.17 49. 41 49.01 48.72 .:j.9,01 49,.45 49, 41 50.21 50°37 50.90 50.49 50.25 ••• 1,059 1,062 1.049 1,075 1,069 1,054 1,075 1,066 1,066 1,106 1,160 1,119 1,137 ... 20.85 20. 91 20, 65 21.16 21.04 20.75 21.16 20. 98 20.98 21. 77 22.83 22.03 22.38 UNDERGRo~aD & SURFACE: 1,678 1934 1935 1,692 1936 1,711 19.36 Jan. 1,725 ( Gluokauf - 10th April, 1937) ... .. . 790 799 795 782 809 802 802 829 872 838 860 15. 73 15.65 15.39 15. 92 15 . 79 15.79 16 . 32 17.16 16.50 16,93 99 15.73 i02 15. 79 1.5.55 �r \'fa.gee in Germany • Dr.Munz, the Head of the Press Department of the German Ministry of Labour, h~s recently dealt with the question of wages in Germany. He points out that as a result of the necessity from the stanJpoint of national policy of etabilising -n~ges and prices, minimum wages laid down in various wages agreements in Germany have been maintained practically unchanged during the last four years. In spite of this, however, the position of the workman shows very considerable improvement. The risk of unemployment had been diminished or elimj_nated and sho:rt-time working had been discontinued. As a result the amounts paid in wages salaries have risen from 26,300 million marks in 1933 to 3,i,500 million marks in 1936. It was also necessary to bear in mind that the earnings for piece-workers had incraased ~a~ result of high output. The extension of the length of notice necessnry to terminate employment bad also increased the security of the ~orkman. In connection With the increase in earnings as a result of overtime payments, Dr.Munz said that the rumours current abroad that the German government would abandon the 8 hour day were without foundation~ The poei tion in Germany and the execution of the 4 Year Plan demanded that a rigid treatment of the hours regulations should be avoided. The exceptions in the law rel ~~ing. to working hours enabled such demands to be met without any grave di sadvantage to the workmen. Special labour commissioners had to investigate how far the extension of the regular working hours up to a maximum limit of 10 hours per day was necessary. An increase in working hours would naturally arise in those branches of industry in which it was most necessary to increase p~oduction in the interests of national policy. The shortage of skilled labour had Ied in individual oases to a considerable increase in rates. In the 16 mosy important industries the hourly .earnings had increased by 8. ?ro and the weekly earnipge by 16. B1.:1 up to the end of Sept ember 1936. The 4 Ye_ar Plan did not permit any change to be made in the wages policy. The German worker could, however, be convinced that ·,r!lcn it h~.d solved the great task of attaining full and complete freedom it nou.ld de~l with the wages question. In spite of all the difficulties, the German workman had now attained a standard of living which bore oomparison with that in foreign countries. (Kolnieche ~eitung - 5th April 1937) �German Unemployment - Maroh 1932 The followin~ table shows the number of persons employed and the number in receipt of unemployment assistance in Eecent periods:- End of - :No. of Pers•)ns:No. of Persons in re-: No. of Total Employed :ceipt of UnemployPersons No. of (including :_ment Benefit in re- s Unemvoluntary :Unemploy-: Crisis ceipt of: ployed Labour) : ment : Benefit : Poor : : Benefit : Relief ------ -------------1,000 persons--------------------------- 1936: Mar. 16,416 305 1,937 1937: Jan. Feb. 16,599 178 167 1,853 1,611 1,245 139 Mar. (Frankfurter Ze:ictung - 11th April 1937) BELGIUM Belgian Coal Consumption - 1936 During the year 1936 the consumption of coal in Belgium is estimated to have been 29,823,500 metric tons as compared with 28,291,000 metric tons in the preceding year. The output of co~l in ~elgi um increased from 24,484,000 metric tons in 1935 to 2?,87b 1 200 metric tons in 1936. Stocks were reduced from 2,557,700 metric tons to 1,061,700 metric tons, while imports totalled 7,284,500 metric tons in terms of coal equivalent and exports 6,833,200 metric tons. It "thus appe~rs that the consumpti~n of cttal in Belgium in19J exceeded that in t~e preceding-year by 1,533,000 metric tons or approximately 5-t"/". . • Belgium has therefore taken .her part in world recovery. The year 1936 has marked the end of the crisis which has persisted for more than 5 years. It may be added that approximately one-qua.rt er of the imports of 7,300,000 met rio tone shown in the statistics are for Luxemburg. (Yoniteur des Interete M~teriele - 8th April) �Socifll Charges in Belgium An estimate of social charges in Belgium h"ls bean m!de PY Professor Velge who gives the contributions of the state to the various social purposes a s follows:- million francs Old Age Pensions Miners' Pensions Family Allowances Unemployment .Mutual Funds Allowances to Pereone Wounded in the War Tot al. •. ~ .• , . . • 589.5 151.0 500.0 b69.o 74.6 32.5 1, 551.6 These charges are ultimately borne by the production of the country and in addition the contributions of employe~ and employed. are estimated as fo.llows:million francs Employers ' Liabil ity in respect of Accidents Employers' Contributions to Family Allowances • old Age Pensions: Thlp1oyers 1 Contributions Worker s' Contributions Ot heT Contributions 300.0 200.0 95,0 95.0 24,6 214.6 Pffl)ei one to Em:o'l.oyee,~ Dnl oyers ' Contributions Workers' Oontributione 117.0 70 . 0 1,7,0 Miners' P7Dsion~: Employers Contributions Workers• Contributions 103.0 42.0 145,0 GRAND TOTAL . .. . , • . 1,046.6 1 I �(8586) The aggregate contributions consisting of 1,550 million francs from the State, 815 million francs from the employers and 230 million francs fro m the workmen amounted to approximately 2,500 million francs. As the tot al amount of wages paid in Belgium in 1936 was estimated at 24,000 million fr~ce, social charges represent an addition of approximately lOo/ci to the earnings of the workmen. (Moniteur des Iuterets Mat eriele - 4-5th April 1937) FRANCE Effect of New French O,uo.t a Restrictions As from the let.April 1937 end until further notice the quota ._applicable to the new basis period has been fixed at 95~. I~ the case of Britis~ coal the percentage has been fixed at 872,~, the balance of 7""~i0 being reserved in respect of the coal-pitwood agreement. This agreement Will continue to be applied during the three months April to June, the price of P.itwood having been increased from 24/3 per metric ton to 2773 per metric ton. In the month of March when the quota was based upon 65i of the imports in the reference period 1928/1930, the normal quota ronounted to 1,050,000 metric tone per month, the supplementary quota to 160,000 metric tone end the complementary quota to 105,000 metric tone, making a total of 1,315,000 metric tons. Thia total does not include bunkers, coal for metallurgical industries, Saar coal or coal. from Indo-Ch:tna. In 1936 the imports apart from bunkers etc. may be estimated at 1,120,000 metric tons per month and with the ct"UOta atend:in.e; at 95%~ the amoURt permitted to be imported in Ap'l'il. wil.1. oonaiet of 1.,065,000 metric tone in respect of the normal quota, 160,000 metric tons in respect of the supplementary quota and 105,000 metric tone in respect of the complementary quota, making a total of 1,330,000 metric tons, which is approximately the same as the figure for Maroh, • It is calculated that the total imports of all categories cf coal on the basis of recent months will be approximately 2,250,000 metric tons per month or 90~ of the average for the years 1928 to 1930, if all the licences distributed are utilised. �The tot:u value of these imports at 130 francs per metric ton will be approximately 300 million francs per month as compared with 190 million francs per month on the average during the year 1936. (Journal des Chr:1.rbonnages - 1/l.th April 1937) gemptions from French Coal Tax By a decree dated the 1st.April 1937 oertain classes of coal are exempt from the tax imposed on the 14th October 1936. The exempted vlasses include ooal, lignite and coke for blast furnaces and for ovens at blast furnaces, main-line railways and gas and electricity works in respect of the quantities used for generating eleotticity for public consumption. The decree further provides that if the impnrtation • is effected by the industrial consumer by means of an impert permit, the tax will not be levied by the oustoms. If, on the ether hand, the importation is made by means of a quota certificate or through an intermediary, the tax will be levied but may be recovered on production of the necessary certificates at the Mines Department. (Journal des Oharbonnages - 14th April 1937) Oil from Coal in France The French plans for the production of oil fro m coal have had to oe modified in consequence of the increased coat of fuel. As compared with original programme for the production of 300,000 metT~o tone 0£ ayn~hetic oil, equivAlent to approximately 1/lOth of the French consumption, the programme has now been reduced to 60,000 met ric tons per annum. . This plan will obtain oil from South-Frenoh lignite by the hydrogenation process. The cost of lignite in May 1936 when the plan was formulated was €[) francs per met ric ton but in the meantime has risen to 85 francs per metric ton. Unde~ the Marquet Plan the National Office for Liquid Fuels has constructed two experimental plants with a total annual production of 15,000 metric tons at Bully-Grenet and Sievin. (Deutsche Bergwerks Ze~tung - 10th April 1937) �(8588) HOLLAND. D1;;,;;gh Imports & Exports of Coal ate.- .Mar ch 1937. Tht1 follo,,~ng t :-3.bl d compares 'the i mpo:L'ta and axports of coal, coka and briquat~as into ~ndfrow Eoll~nd durin~ ~arch 1937 with thos<:? for ·the: prdvious month and for i.Aarch 193b~ I 'flP -~~!o 1936: F~b ~ 1937: Mar. 1937 -------------mcltric tone-------------- IMPORT S: Total Imp or,:; s ... . ...... , 358 , 874x 362,697 446, 987 from Gt:rmany ...... . ..... .. ...... 239, 997 B~l 5 ium & Luxambur 5 . . ... .. . 16,595 Graat Britain .. . ......•.... 100,051 Pol~nd, Danzi 0 . . . . • • . . • . • .• 1,904 soviet Russia. . ........ . ... 1,504 292,887 13,?.24 55,814 772 343,484 16,301 66,090 19,973 1,139 34: 1 4 2 39,908 40,260 Coal Briquettes: ..... . ...... . .. 15, 780 19, 599 7,loO 24,224 6,642 343,614 61,808 141-,505 107,4::,5 17, 117 14,734 15,833 307, 467 67,476 116, 766 98,131 17,594 5,659 16,104 Do. with Transi,:; Documdnta •..... 139,296¢ 157,833 215, 447 Bunker Coal for Dutch Ships: .. .. 11,726 Re-Exporlis (Inc.abova),o••····· · :,,,. : 8,554 , ... 10,246 ' • Do. with Transit Documen ts .... . . 40,093 Ookd: .. . ..••.......... ... .. . ... . 197, 852 33,134 186,900 47,279 215,027 Coal Brigue-i;·Gc1s: . .... ... •.. .. .. • 21,890 37,364 27,826 Ligni~a Briguattae : .. ... ..... .. . 345 1,136 246 Coal: Coka! .. o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • . • • Lignit a Briquattes~ . . . . . ..... .. 8,757 EXPOiiTS: Coal dXCcpt Bunkdr Coal Total S~cperts . . . ....... . ....... 222,084 Re-Expo~ts (Inc.abova) .... . ... . o5, 345 Fre:nce, ..... . . . .... . ... . .. . 63,3-23 sw:. txc:~1.s.nd .. .... ••.. . . . • .. 8,o9~ A-rg1antina .. ... . ... , ... .... . 10,327 Bunkdr Coal for forei n shi a: 25, 820¢ -;; o Gci:.:many .. . . . ....... .. •....• 3algium & Luxerobur~· ·· · ···· 06, 820 Re-$xpo:rts , xReviedd in tnc total. ~R~visad (Dutch Trada Raturns - part I - March 1937) �POLAND Polish Coal Export Prices - 1932/1936 In 1936 the val ue at the frontier of coal exported f rom Pol and was 15.65 zloty per metric ton (12/0. 72d . per long ton) excluding bunkers, as compared with 14.72 zloty per met r ic ton (ll/6.89d per long ton) in the preceding year. The followi ng t able gives further details:1932 Destination Baltic Region: No-rway •... . . ••.• . • . • . •• • •. SWedeno . • C • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Denmark .. . .. . . . . ... .....•. Finland,. . o •• •• • • • •• ••••••• Eatoni ao . • • • • , • •• • • • • • • • •• Latviao . o • o o • o • • • • • • • • • • • • No-:r:waye .. ... ... ~ • • •.•. • . ••• sv:ec.en . . . e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Denma-rk .... ~ .. ~ .. . . ... . . . • Finl an.d . . ... ,, .... ... .. ... . Estoni a4' .. ...... . . .•... .• • Latvi ao • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • Norta.__Sea Region: Belgiumc . ...... . ..... , .. . . Fran.c e (' ~ o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ge:rman:y. G • • e . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Ro1..'l.an.d •. ~ ... ~ •.• •.• . • •• • • SWit ze-r1. Blld . .•• •• .•• .. •• • • l:re1an.d . .. c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , . 17. 69 16.97 18.14 15.77 17.72 18.66 1933 : 1934 : 1935 zioty per metric ton 12.43 13.6; 12.80 11.76 14.68 10. 18 16.33 15.52 16.37 14.48 16.06 15,06 13.69 14. 61 14. 13 13.50 15 .00 10.75 ----------- --s. d per long ton--- - ---------11/6.04 11/2.62 10/2.79 9/9.12 10/6.60 11/0.42 10/7 . 94 10/5.98 10/8.43 11/3. 10 11/9. 55 11/2. 95 10/5 . 25 10/0.61 10/10.66 10/3. 06 9/11.37 9/6.51 9/2.81 10/4. 84 11/6.27 11/0.40 11/0.71 11/6.32 11/6.71 0 -=~{::~=-=~i~t~5per toZ{:::~~--~{~:~~ ~ti~i~ 16.i9 22. 7 11,.1i 1 .o 17.63 19.53 15. 21 21.09 16.86 15.45 1i.57 l .74 13.~1 17. 7 15.i5 13. 9 16,19 15.55 11 . 20 15.10 15,47 13 . 07 14.91 14.36 12.11 17.40 14.41 13.49 14.50 ------------s. d. per long ton- ---------Bel gi "\.1Dl. • • • • • • • ,. • • • •• , • • • • Franc eo •• ~ • • • , .. . . . . . . . . . . . Germany c • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • Holland .. . .... . .. .. ...... . SWi t zerland • .•• • •• • • ••• . •• I rel an.d . .... . . . . .. . .. . .. . . 11/0.58 10/5.39 10/1.15 8/9.53 9/3.98 14/10.46 14/5.86 13/6 . 66 11/10.28 13/4. 90 11/6.43 11/2.99 11/8.63 12/1.76 11/1.25 10/5. 32 10/7. 37 10/4.6110/3.15 10/4. 75 11/5.57 12/0.84 12.3.37 11/8. 49 11/2.09 121/8.~o 12/10. 49 11/9054 11/3.31 - ----- ----zl oty per metric ton---------- W, Medit~r.1:.<Ytean Region: .Algeria, ... ... ... . . . . . _ . . . Gibr altar, . ... . . . ... .. . . . . Malta..... ..... ..... . . . .. . Italy . . .. . .. . . .. ... ... .. . . Ttlil.1 s. &, • • •• ••• •• • • • • • ••••• French Morocoo • . ... , • •• •.• .Alger i a ..... . . . ... . .. . ...• Gibraltar .. ....... . . .. ... . 11.alta.. ., . ... ... . .... . . , .. . Italy • .. .. ... , . ... , .. .. , .. T\1Il1 a • .. , .. .. , . .. . . .. . . .. . French U.Orocco •.. . •.•. .. • • �(8590) (contd) Destination - : 1932 : 1933 : 1934 : 1935 : 1936 -----------zloty per metric ton------------ E.Mediterraneen Region: Austria •.•.•.•.•.•.... .• • Czechoslovakia••.•..•.•••. Egy-pt • ............... • ... Greece ...•.•••.•.••.••. • • Hungary •.•••..•••• • •• • ••• Roumani a .•...••...... . . ; J Yugoslavia....•.••••• . •. ~ 27. 87 37.73 19.46 25 . 76 26 . 00 19.07 24.22 37.85 14.49 13.42 28.89 25.97 16.42 22.84 28. 93 13.00 12.78 26.00 16.68 13.69 21.42 26.09 11.78 11.72 21.11 12.92 13.40 20.50 28.92 12.29 12.24 16.32 14.85 13.02 -----------s. d. per long ton----------~---- Austria......••.......• i ~ Czechoslovakia•...•...••. Egy-pt . .........•.... I • .- •• Greece •.......•• ~••••·••• H'\lll..gary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 'Bou.mania. • . . • . . . . • • . • . . • • Yugoslavia...•......•.... South .Amerio a: Argentine ••.••••••.....•• 18/1.48 24/6 , 42 12/7,85 16/9.01 16/10.88 12/4.81 16/7~66 17/3. 90 16/9.83 15/9.57 26/0:'?,3 21/11.33 20/5.83 22/3.43 9/11.45 9/10.33 9/3.00 9/5.65 9/2.63 9/8.33 9./2.43 9/5.19 19/10.16 19/4.66 16/6.9112/6.92 17/10.09 12/7.83 10/1.74 11/5,32 11/3.36 10/4.61 10/6.26 10/0.40 ----------sloty per metric ton----------- 16.61 17.63 12. 54 11.79 13.78 ------------e. d. per long ton--------------12/5.61 12/1.34 9/6.14 9/2.90 10/7.43 ----------zloty per metric ton----------- Otb.eT R.rions t fceim :: ............... . !eel.and ...... ~ .......... . 19.27 19.16 15,94 15.50 15.63 12/6.37 13/1.95 12/1.09 12/2.05 12/0.54 -----------zloty per metric ton------------20. 48 14.51 13.34 12.27 13.78 8 --13/3~81-- 9/fi.~~rl~/~~43°n-9/7~6110/7~3 -----------a. d. per long ton--------------- --------~---zloty per metric ton---------- Bunker Coal: 21,83 14/2.34 19.11 15.74 14.55 14.05 13/1.54 11/11.27 11/5. 10 10/9.92 -----------s, d. per long ton-----------------------zloty per metric ton----------- TOTAL: 20,54 18.32 15.99 14.72 15.53 -----------s. d. per long ton-----------13/Li.28 12/7. 03 12/1.55 11/6,70 11/11,61 TOTAL(-exol.Bunkera): -------~--zloty per metric ton----------- 20.50 18.29 16.00 14.74 15.65 0 --13/3:97--~21i:1Ber1~/~~6! n11/6~89-12/o.72 •including exports to T'Wlie end French Morocco Zloty have been converted e.t following rates of exchange•1932 31.25 zl. to ·the£ • 1933 1934 1935 1936 29.58 26. 79 25.88 20.37 11 II n n (Wiadomoeoi Statyetyozne - 5th March 1937) �(8591) Pol ish Coal Exports~ March 19~7 The following ~able shows ~he expor~s of coal from Poland to the var ious markets durin6 il.a ... ch 1937 as compared With t'iie corresponding fi 5,ires for the preceding month and for March ~935 and 1936:- Central European Marketa Austria • • • • , • . . . . .• • . . H\lllgary . . , .... .. . . . • . . 53 53 oO 21 2 3 2 7 185 2 221 24B 85 89 134 118 ?~ 5o 24 75 18 · 27 6 10 15 26 134 f6o 76 119 5 140 9 4 19 -6 5 1 Oz echo slovakia . ...... ~ 50 1 - Germany • •• •• ••••••••••• - - - - - -- --------.r--,-- - - - -~ - - Total . ...... _ _. . 17..t .5:. _____ ~ 63 - - ----5...,3____ 55 - -- ~:..-;.. Scandinavian Market s : Sweden. 1 • • ~ • ~ • • • • •• • ~ • 160 158 l 75 137 Norway. i • •• ~ . . . . . . . . . . 30· · ~~ 34 27 Denmark~ .... ... . . .. : : . v5 7 Iceland •....... • • • • • ~ ; 2 4 f- Finland .. . .. ... .. ... ,~. Total , .. . ... Bal tio M.axkets~ La,:;via~ .. . . ~ • ~ . .. . •, ,, Lithuania.1, . ....•.•. ~ - 266 lA.eme"l. . .. . . • . . . . .. .. • ; . -- Estonia . .. • . •......•.• To-nal ..•. : : . West Euronean Markets: France . . .. . . .. . . ..... . Be1giu.m •... ... . .. . .... Ro'll.a.nd . . . .... .. . .. .. . Ir e1.a.nd. ... .. . .. . .. . . . Swi~zerland.. . ..... . . . 25 Eng'i.a.nd . ... ... . . . . .. · • Tota.l .. .... . sou.'tb. 'Eul:o::pea.n Y.a.1:ke'ta~ ti;ily .. . ... .. .. . ..... . 206 Yugoslavia . . ...... . . . . Ro'\lm.8..n~~ •••. . . . . . . • . .• Greece ....... . .. . ... . . Spain . . ..... ... .. .... • - 2 Pori;ugal . ....... . .... . Gibr altar . .. ...... . .. . Mal ,;a . .. . .... .. ...... . : 2 221 102 Alge.::ia ........ ..... . . 10 10 Egypt • .• .. • . . ... . .... . 5 8 Tct .11 . .. . .. . Extr a-Eurooean Marketa: Other Africa.... .. ... . Arsentine .... ....... . . Braz 11 . . ... . . . ...... . . . Aua'tralia . . . ... . .. . .. . Otner Ooun~ries.. . ... . 15 g - - 2 : 2 129 7 5 2 22 5 Bunker Ooal: To'tal above marke't s, . . Ji J1 74 Exports from Gdynia •.. ~~~ 600 430 118 2~1 Total . . . . . . . I)e.nzig .. .. . ... .. . . . .. . GRAliD TOTAL. Danzig ..• Total. t Provisional Revised 22 180 695 22 58 28 6 4 8 6 13 19 �(8592) The percentage of exports distributed to the various markets is given in the following table:F:br~ary_~~3r:_:;_M~::g_~g3~~- --- -= Central European Markets . . .. ... . . . . Scandinavian Marketa .. . . . ...... . .. . Bal iiic Markets ...... .. . . .......... . West European Markets ..... . .. .... . . South European Markets .... , . .... . . . Extr~ European Markets . • ~., ....... . 8.14 28,55 29.28 29.59 29.05 17.47 6e26 - 1 6. 67 5. 94 Bunker Coal . . .. . ... , .. ; , ; • , 1 • • • • • • • DanZig . . , . . . . . . . . . . . • : i 1; • • • • • • • • • • • 7.49 3,62 I lOD,00 y 5.43 9.•' "9. 1 ♦ 42 _ _ __ Ioo.ov The exports of Polish coal to ma:rketc<;in which Great Brita in is particularly interested are shown for recent periods in the following table, together with co,npa.xative figures of exports from Great Britain to those countries:- . . . • • •• Totai of . :sweden:Den-:Nor-:Lat-:Fin-:Italy:France: Countries Month . : mark: wa : via : l and: •• 6 ecified ,000 metric tons------- - - - - - - ---------------POLISH EXPORTS: •• 1936: Mar . Apr . ma.y June Jul.y AUb, Se'P"ii . 137 193 ·1~0-v . Dec . 1937: Jan. i'eb.x }lar. 1' BRITISH EXPORTS: A.pr. .May June July Aug. 8 21 156 15 ·li8 23 1 3 218- 27 Oc-.;.. 1936: Mar. 7 21.4 229 21.6 190 177 158 1.15 113 166 276 283 372 277 257 289 227 216 172 129 27 32 1.8 40 2, 27 26 208 236 314 281 331 258 34 20 30 30 31 16 37 3 7 17 3 19 9 5 ?,. t) 14 18 25 4-0 51 25 1, 32 38 51 ·20 JO 9 2 45 2 125 124 147 102 92 15 7 68 30 46 121 3, 119 3S 144 50 1 ·o 45 169 49 150 29 85 51 52 34 25 lo 3 11 11 4 '.) 56 97 107 65 52 ?5 8 101 156 112 2 119 291 16t 3,8 133 i{ov. 279 101 Dec . 283 1·1 0 1937: Jan. 285 109 Feb.x 221 124 i.b.:r. 161 1: 0 285 . .., .• ••.1.•_,.. . xRevised - Pr ovisional (Pol ska Gospodaroza - lO~h Apri~, 1937) Sept . Oct. 7o 91 89X 79 104 89 87 95 107 106 99 200 166 350x 411 390 401 454 4'.:>l ..:-83 514 t§g 513 140 1,3! ll 4 70 7 648 512 597 1,143 15 7. 5 · 52 106 110 69 t11 5oS 1,116 1,516 l,296 1,065 563 602 l ,382 ·l,472 771 935 728 1,ias 1. 12 616 651 1Q1 ' 1, 595 1 , 372. 1. 327 l1 4:J5 �(8593) Earnint-, s of Polish 1•. iners - J anuary 1937. The followinE:, 'table shows. the e (...x 11in1:,s of adult wor 1tu1en in Up-oer Silesia, Doinbrova 1:1.n d .O.racow in J::tnuary 1937 a s compar ed. with th·e· figures fo:r :r ec en t mon"ljh s:: :Money e ti.rnin '·s er adult wo:r k.nal'l er · 'shift _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __;U;..i;p~P;...::e_r--=s .;;;.il::..e.:::.. :::.s~a _ _ _ Dombrova : ·r a cow --------------------zioty-----------------8. 38 • 6.77 6.25 s. 35 a. 68 6.25 1936: J a.l1 n Feb. 8. 38 8. 36 8. 37 Ms.:i: C Apr o ~l s.y 6. 65 6.70 6.70 8.37 8.29 8.36 8.35 8.33 8.19 8. 43 June July Aug . Sept. QCto H°O"'T • Dec~ 6.72 6.65 6.23 6.27 6.31 6.26 6.36 6.15 6.34 6.19 6.72 6.76 6.Bo 6. 67 6.84 6. 78 B. 45 1937: J ~.n. 6. 20 6.29 6.~ : --=---=----,,---_:E::.:a=.:r:...:n:.:i:.;n~g~s:;:_P~er~a=-=d=-=u~l-::-t-:-w:::-o;:;.;'l'~k~m=-=a~ni-n~e... ..:;m~o;.;;.;n;...~-i'i-h~-::-:-::~To 11 a1. M.oney Total 1vtoney Total Mon ey r . -- 119.52 119.47 110.47 118.36 122.33 121.77 137.20 129.33 16,.25 l 5.30 144. 89 137 .16 137. 60 130.65 1.936! J a~i.. 1.94. 22 175.2·4 1~.27 116. 47 158.51 126.9i Feb. 1.75u 97 113. b5 i•lBX • l 7 4 •90 l5o-~9 124.9 110.32 121.21 Apr. 169c08 151007 112.86 May 1.71,0l 152 .. 50 123.89 111.ol 122.65 June 169, 94 152~15 123.98 136.04 1.69092 July l89is40 . 140.62 . Au.g. 187 .18 Sept~200.24 183.12 155,20 l~.84 oc ~ . 21.8.73 2Ql.08 1;5 . 81 lo2.3? ilOV o 206,25 189.9? 15( 04 l,l4,(8 Dec o 204v35 186029 1.56. ?0 142.33 1.931~ Js:n. ~ 4 1.32.41. 1.56.3~ 146.34 (Po~aka QoepodaToza - 10th Aprii,937.} .. .. 0 110.87 110.28 102.28 106.85 103.53 110.3-7 124.60 ... 134.29 155.92 136.55 127.44 129.17 Ou1iput p ex Person per Shift of Polish ~iner s - January 1237• The fo1.1.owing ,;able shows i;he oui;~ Llr per person per ehif u in Poland l and the districts of Uppe; Silesia, Dombrova and Cracow during January 1937 and compares t 11e fi 6ures with tnose for recent mon'til,ls: Out2u1i 2er Person per_ shift 1.Jombrova C,raoow Poland mo to:Os : cwts !m. 1i0l1S cwts :m. tons CW1iS . : m. lions cwts Uc Silesia .. 1936: Jan. 2o058 40.51 1. 470 28.95 1. 32s feb. 20025 39.86 1.438 28.31 1.33.2 Ma.r. 2o003 39. 43 1 . 374 27 . 05 l,2b0 Apr. 1.996 39~29 1,341 26.40 1. 336 May 1.983 39~03 1.327 26. 12 1.299 June 1.977 .38.92 1.345 26. 48 -l,309 July 1.981 38.99 . 1.344 26.46 1. 3,2 AUe:,o 20030 39.96 1.392 2i .. 40 1.3~7 Sept.?..083 41.00 1. 469 2 .92 1.427 Oct. 2.096 41.26 1.589 '31.28 . 1.52i Uov. 2.,128 41.89 1. 533 30.18 1.49 Dec. 2ell6 41.65 1. 531 30.14 1.453 192z: Jane 2~1.04 .41 •42..._ 1. 453 28. 60 1.335 (Polska Gospod:...rcza - 10th April, 1937) .. 26,08 26.23 2i.80 2 . 30 25. 57 25.77 26.61 26. 71 28. 09 30. 06 29.!9 28. O 26. 28 . t •• • • •• 1.819 35.81 1. 787 35.18 1. 78i 35.12 1. 76 34. 76 1. 767 34.78 1.771 34.86 1. 813- 35.69 l . 866 ,,.5. 7~ 1. 911 ~- 37. 6 1.92 37.91 1.920 3J- 79 1.878 30°97 �TURKEY Turkish Black Sea Coal Industry The Commercial Counsellor at Istanbul reports that the total output of the Turkish Black Sea coal basin amounted in 1936 to 2,298,649 tons~ of which 967,781 tone were shipped to Turkish ports and 570,~68 tons were shipped to foreign ports or supplied as bunkers to foreign vessels in Zonguldak. Output and production figures for the past 'ten years have been .a s follows:Year - Tons : Shipments to : Turkish Ports 1921 1.928 1929 1,323,833 1,250,639 1,421,008 1,595,359 1,574,091 1,593,579 1,852·, 107 832,830 816,757 827,086 862,492 816,618 1930 1931 1932 1933 842,702 843,763 960,126 963,159 2,288,269 1934 1935 1936 ~,340,491 2,298,649 967,781 shipments abroad 65,023 101,261 157, 9769 275,3 O 299,259 335,5~3 479, 3606 692,2 749,960 570,868 The output was distributed amongst the following llining Oompaniea:- ... I 1.93b Societe d 1Heraclee 665,222 Turkis ?Banque d'Affaires) 285,232 II Komuri a n et Ste d'Heraclee) 446,413 Kilimli(Banque d'Affaires) 113,411 Turk Komur, Kozlu (Ste Italienne . 11 Divers ° Ka.ndili 11 1935 Difference 767,792 284,477 382, 16~ 110,872 - 102,570 755 + 64,245 .+ 2,599 - 13,898 Tons 215,1 9 229,087 239,999 33;;123 200,949 365,146 2,298,649 2,340,491 ) + + - 39,050 32,023 - 41,842 �(8595) soci et e d 1 Herac lee 28 . 94% of total output age.1nst 32.81% in 1935 If 12.61~ tt• II Turkis (Banque d 1 Affaires) 12 • 41. ~ Komuris (Koziu) 19.,i3% Kilimi . 4 .94% Ste Italienne ~ozlu 9. 36~ 11 11 Kandili 10 ..vi,., Divers 14.48i II • II 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 16.33% i1 4, 74% 11 II 9 •79% II II 8 • 59% 11 II 15 • 58 o/o II II II 11 II II II 11 Importing count:ries were :: ___...:::.1..L93J.:.6::--_---;;:.-::;..__ _=1.... 93 ....5....___ _ : Ita.l:y .. ,.~ •.......... B~azi1 .............. . Greece ••..••••••••••• 'F-ran.c e •. ~ ••••••••••• • 'Ro1lm.an.i a . . • . . . . . . . . . • Syxia •.•.•....•....•• Egy-pt •.•••••••••••••• Biilgaxia............ . Germall.y •.•••.••.••••• Tens 391,208 61,004 80,294 223,982 121,585 61,300 34,124 15,701 10,997 10,083 980 32 10,044 25, 7164 32,0 9 2,804 14,265 3,045 9,223 2,006 ilgeria...... . ......• Mal.ta...•......•••••• H."\mga-ry •••..••.•••• • • Austria.........•...• Supplies to foreign vessels in Zonguldek were as follows:- 1936 Dalli sh ••••.••• ,, •.••••• Greek •••••.••......... British .............. . RolllDani an ••.•..•...••• Italian .............. . YllgOelav •..•••.......• GermBD. •••••••••••••••• Egyptian..........•..• No:rwegiaii . ..•......... Bul.garian. •..•.•....... French •.••............ Du.tch ••••••••••.•••••• SWediab. •. •..•..••••••. Bunk e:J:" Coal at ·other Ports - 66,672 13,215 3, 9,1.8 3,4368 1, 25 1,064 1,024 559 554 35,1. Tons 1935 143 84,774 17,981 2,021 6-, ,1.72 264 2,871 . tl-25 234 1,130 1,789 180 92,084 118,284 52,850 ••• {llinea Department Report - 12th April l 37) �(8596) CAl~ADA Canadian Coal Industry - F~bruary 1937. The output of coa~ jn Canada in F~bruary 1~37 totalled 1,292,002 1~t tons as compa r \~d ,vi tn . 1, 49~, 207 n t.:t . tons in Fl3br:uary 1936 and an iv~raga for the ruontn dur1n~ tn ~ p a s t f1vcl ycl~r s of 1,160,082 n ot tons. :n February 1937 the output 0onsist0d of 830,605 n et tone of bituminous :oal, 49,789 .nct tons of sub~bituminous coal and 411,608 net tons of ii:,nit .a coal. · The output of cob.l in Wovia Scotia in February 1937 amount ad to 5 2 ,610 tons aa compa:r.ad with 420, ~52 nc:t tons in February 1936. Im~or ts of coal into Canada in F~bruary 1937 totallad 486,528 ndt ;ons as against 530,842 n clt tons in Fabruary 1936. Im~orts of inthracita coal into Canada in F~bruary 1937 totalled 163,359 nat tons ~nd consistQd of 134,301 n et ton~ from ~ha United State~, 23,012 n0t tons from Gr~at Britain and 6,040 n et tons from Germany, Imports of bituminous coal a.mount~d to 323,076 n -~ t tons and includ~d 319,208 nat tons from t he Unitdd stat~s, 2,125 n~t tons from Gr ~at Britain and 1,743 n~t tons from G,~rmany. Lig-ni td imuorted from th~ Uni t cd Statds totall~d 93 n~t tone. • Exoo~ts of Canadian co~l durin~ February 1937 amount ad to 27,253 n~t ~ons as compared with 26,836 net tons a year ago . Canada's coal supply during F~bruary 1937 amounted to 1,751,277 n~t tons as ag~inst 1.,613,51.0 n et tons on th ~ av~r~~ ~ of th~ past five y~ax s . Tb.·..: -fo1.1.owing; tab1. .:: shows th ...: 01:1.na.die.n ou'tpu1., impor'ta and t:xpvrts o! coa1., d~C. during F~bru~ry lj37 and Janu~ry/F~brua.ry 1937:i i Ou~~ut i F"&BRUARY, Import a :from Unit~d: Gr~at : Totai ~ stat...:a ~ Bri i.a.in ~ i· i Exports : --------------------n.. : 't tone-------------------------1937 Anthracit~.. 134,301 Bituminoua . . 830, E,05 • 3"£9·, 2oe SUbYbituminou049,7B9 163,359(x) 23,012 2, 1.25 }23,076(x) 26,076 Ligni td • ••• 'i".,~1~,~6~0~8;-~r-,~r-~...,..,..,...---TtT7----io~-r--~ -...,,,.;;.L;..W...- TOTAL. • • • ;:::;;l.t..,mi5"'~0~0;.,;;;2;.....-.;~f--l-i_~~ *~E-:¾-- ---i~~~~L-- .;./..~;aFEBRUARY 1936=.1 ,~::.=2=0~_..:...:::.::..!...C:;t:.--_:..,~~-------.t..e:.~!:t!:...---.!.~::!2.!:!..- JAN/FEB 1937 .Anthraci tu .. Bituminous 1,693,830 Bub-Bituminous 111,)86 Lignite •• • •• 6~:fO~ TOTAL ... . JAN{.FEB 1~]6 270,59~ 38,014 732,19 5,920 40J ~z:b::-2: 1002 220- 42z~J4 228822122 ~212212 2:2z~4~ 1 32l,137~x~ 739,861 X 71,453 lzQ~l a~~lx) 7j: ~~~ . ~82z22Q 67t262 - (x) Includ~s coal import~d form ovh~r countrids. (Dominion Buruau of Svatistica - C~nada: Coal & Cok~ statisvio8 Ft:)bruary 1937) �(8597) UoSoA Impor~a of Coal for Oonaum~~ion in ~~e U.S.A. January l_ 37. The f ollowin~ f)gures rel a ting to coal .e.nd related fuels imported fo:r comsumption during, J anuary 1 937 are -publi shed by t.ne u S A Department of CouiJllerce: • • • --~-~D~e~c~36 ~ Jan: 1937 ----------------1.Dns-------------- Anthracite Coal! free~, ••..• . . .. .. .. Bitua.inous Coal: free . . ......•.. , . . . Coal & Related Fuels (nevenue Act .. . of l 932 ) ; • .. ~ • . • . . t ~ , . ; : • • , • • • ••• Anthracite, duty~: •.... ..... ... Bituminous, duty .. . ......... .. . Coke, duty . .. , ......... , ...... . Coke, freei . .... .. ... .... ..... . B.ri~uet~es_, etc., dui;y •....•..• Br i c, u et i; e s , etc . , fr e e . . . . . . . . • 9,181 2:,,722 15,392 19, 658 31,161 36,857 739 30,595 849 25,324 2,394 (u.s.A. Trade Returns - January 1937_) Exports of Co9.l from the U,S . A, - Januarz 1937• The following table compar es the exports of coal and r el.?,ted fuels from the u.s.A. during the month of January 1937 witn those for i;he preceding month and for the correspondin~. period of the previous year: - Jan:1936: Dec;l936 Jan:1937 ·1)lew'founcll.and. & La"'b-r ad.or. .. .. .••• • •• C~a... • • .• • • . • . • • •• •• • • • • • •. • •••• • 7,349 232,229 M.exic o • ....... ..... . . . . . •...• . •.• .• J94 616 253,328 5 778 17,496 52,879 --t.one Bitumi.noua! Birlll\l.Ms • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • Pa.name. . . • . • • • • • . •. . • .. •• • • • •• • •••• • '81:\.'\'.\.an "t·eei. ·1:ndi.ee . -: ... . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Cuba . . . . . ......................... . 41,060 Brazil............................. 13,345 7,092 Other Wes,; Indies.................. Argentine .. . ... .... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . Urugu,ay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . 431,205 52 012 i2,490 36,771 3,682 2 18,792 5 Other Sou,;h America.......... .. ... . 8 92 Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 95__3~4....3..,9...;~~r~- Otuer 0ountriea • ••••• •••••••• • ••• •• _ ir-~~r-:~~~3~~--~;,,;-'4j~::..;;;.;g.;;. 9 3 1 Anthraci te: 3 1 28,441 121, 67 8 392 407 561 To i;a.l •• , • • • • • • • • ~1.--:4;;:;o:-,t-:69~5-------=1;-;2:mer-,ff'B4;.,8,--.-..l:-.2.-::2,...,~23~9;,__ Canada.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . Other Countries......... .. .. ...... . 140, 30 3 Coke: . . . ..•• ••• . ..• •• 1'Ci> tal ••.•.•.. .•• _....;4.:2::.1z:...i7...:3;.;:i4~_...;44:ct.~rl:.:8~8~--!::2J..7.z.,!::.2~80~-- 0oal & Coke Br1queti;ee: Total .• • •.. • •• _ _ _ _ •• _._ _ _ _ _~_ ..._ _ _.::,:4;z_z.::.8.!..77L---- Bunkers for 1tssels in Forei~n Tr~de Tota.1 •...•..... __9__6....,_08_.5.__-,-l;._,3""'1=1_.7.;.8.;.8_ (u .s.A. Trade Returns - January, 1937,) __,:;;.l.::.27 .....,w7u7..:2_ _ �/-(PX-1.1 2, 1937 H:.. . C. Au e,ue t us Carlou c/o TI1e Fi fe Coal Co1ll!.JnflY. L:l.mi ·i:.ed Leven , Fife Scotland It cave me a .:,:.r eat d e a l of p l easure to h a ve you r letter of the 9·lli ul A.; . n en t. I am part i cu l arly interest ed i n you:..· Pl nnni n e, De.f:)art ! r en.emb e r both Dr . Rei d and Iii:r . tlcNe ill t a l k ed to me about that i:1hile a t ou r }.)roperti e s . li'olloui n g you~ proced.ure , uc hav e a:ppoin ·i,;ed· an enain eor re oen tly to s ·i;ar t a Reaearch an d l? l rurni ng Depar tmen t , f or '.I he Union Vo.oi f i c Coal Comp aiy, s t a rtin g out in a r a ther limited v,ay , but u e expect to amplify this depart ment, becau s e I 6oo d . am sure i t t:ill e.o a grea t deal of '.lhe o p erating o fr icials e;en erally and fu. e 1:n gin ec:ri nt. Dep ar t!!lent sta:Zf meEbe::cs have so wany other du t i es t ha t i t i s di ificul t for them to s it clo \m and mclce clefini t e 1, l an s c."ld c.o any amount o f :r:es eu1·ch Ho rk, encl ue ncroe P it.½. you t hei:c is a su ff ici ent amoun t of thi s r:ork f or one depa r·Ment to &i v e i ts untlivid ed a tten tion to i t . I t h ank yo u very much :fo:r th e par,11.filet tli th your P resi den ti al 1.cldress , o.nd I h a vo pu -t t h i s i n my f il es so a s to llo..v e i t f or :fu tur e r ef e:-i:-en c e . J It i c o.i fficu lt to u nuexstan<.l the e;:ceat upward ::ming \":h ich has come to the co a l buoi ness in Europe i n the l a s t yea r, a nd the v ery d efinite shortage o f skill ed emyloyea tha ✓i; has d evelo ;ped. on thi o account . \"i'h ile the u p suin t; in ·i;hi s country h as no t b e en so Lreat as in the Briti sh I sles , I kno t, a s i mi l nr ;:.i tua tion ,n.11 exi st rli th r ec;ard to skillco. ~ en r:h en t h i o cio es o ccuz·. T.a.e only s olution I o ee to thi s i s the t r a i nins o f' young men . I t :lll very much in t e:res ted i n 1~e a d i ng in the t e cllni e;a l lH..1J1 e rs cominc t o me f rom Great .Bi-i -ta i n 1· e t.a1"di nL the very ex t oo oi v 0 lll'O grau1 you ur e ca r 1..yi ng on i n thi o di rection . I t hi nk i t i o an ucimi rabl e one. To day , all oux· wi nes a.1·0 i ol e , ae tho oper a t ors c..nd min e r s in i.he ,Appa l o.chion i'i e ld ho.Ve not been able t o r each a v.a,co agre ement . T'.ae onl J t h i ng t he. t s t ono.o i n the \·10.y 0 1· an a t.,r eemen t , a.fl I u n<.i.er oti .nC. it, i o tha. t t h e minerB tleaire ti~e and one half f or o vertime , the opera to r s not wi · �2 to grant this. 1.'J e do not l ook fo :r a ny l en gthy extension of this, and en ag,-raei.nen"G t!il l no doubt be r a ti f ied vJithin the next fer, days. 1'hore \7111 be no .3hort ac;e o f coa l hexe, as stocks uere ,).ccumula. tecl yrio::.· ·co l.1arcil 31st . I should l i ke very uuch t o b e i n Great Britain i n It would be a wonderful specta cle , c":.ilO., hein B B2•i ti sh-born. of course I still hav e a r1ar.m f e e l ine; f o:..' the Roya l Fami ly. I t i a a tribu t e, i nd eed, to t he British p eople tha t, on the aba ica t ion o f the f o iuer l(ing , a nei, Ki ne; \"JOul d take h i s pla c e with a pparently not. a ri ppl e . I think in no other coun t r y i n the worl d coul d thi s be don e. I t i s a f i ne t ri bu t e to the good sense of the Br i t i sh peo ple. I shoul d l ike very much, i n d e eel , to Visit Great Btl t a.in a ga in, ae 1 h ad a filO st en joyab l e t ime i n 19:5 1 , but at pJ:•esent tha t seems a considerabl e t ime au a:y . My duties will k e ep me very s teadil y emp l oyed here for s ome time to c ome. ~iay to a ttend the Cor onati on ac ti vi ti es. I n vie" o f th e extension of youx l11anni n t; De1m1~tn1e□ t , I am send ing you, under separate co ~ver, a cop y o f ou r Code of standards, ,-,h i cil lle.s :cecen t l y been amen ded 2nci tho rou ghl y r:oz-ked o ver . -:-.'bile much o f the pra c tice is not g ermane to your condition s i n the :British I sl es; I a.i- n sure you r.ri ll f i n d much i n t h e book that mll be hel pful , if not h e l pful, then PY'O bably i ntereo ting . >;;c gi ve this book to a ll ou1~ s·ce.ff memb ers . i'o remen , ano tho se char ged n ith the du t y o f makin G in s t a l l a t ions. 1.·: hen you r e c ei ve thi s book , 11i l l you :t;>lease oi &n and re t urn t o me the rec eipt a ttached to this l e tter . May I s ay again I en j oyed your letiex g1•e a t l y, and ,Ji sh you a successful term a s In s titu ti on r- resi dent . !~ bes t regards to the memb e r s o f your staff , inc luding Dr. \Im. Reid, l'lr . K. n. lleMeill a nd li r. C . C. Reid . Very eincerel y yo u r s , A , M. 0. APR 3 1931 Enc . Ee ceipt. �✓ •! TELEGRAM S:fCA R LOW, PHONE , LEVEN•: 193! J !" _J T l'. LEPMONE N?! 161 & 162 L E V ~N FIFCOL, GLASGow:· " F 1 FCOL. LONDON'.' XJffl~~~ H E: A O OFF I CE , 9th i.iarch_. 1 937. George B. ?ryde, =sg., union Pacific Coc.l Compa. :y, . Rock Sprin.;s , :·:vomi n g , U . S oiL I i7ish to thank y ou for y our letter of 23rd. 1' eb ruo.r~- , and for y our a ppreciative nords in re 0 ard to wy 3~d.ch,ess to t:2e Irii::ti tut ion of i.~ininf. Engineers. A great many people diq. not agree ~::1th tne sett:~:-",-: U!-' of a. :?l aP.niag Department not strictly u.nc"er t:'le control of t:-:e Colliery 11.ana c;er and A;:;ent, but rather ru1:ning c..10113:n .c.w a= a joint partner instead cf a subordL'late 0.1 tL:::. opers.'cive of•i'icicls . 'i'his is a corniervativc c ou.ntI'y, nnd so::ne time may pass before the <leprn~t1r1e:1tali~&ticn is thoroug1lly apprecis ted and introduced, but n e are convin ced t hat it :i.s rig..11.t, and may say ti.1at, c t t h e 1110??1en t , rie ~re build..i..nt:: an EJxtension of' the of f:i.ce ~ t Couo.enbea t h for tlle purpose· of ::.ous i Hg the deve loped Plan11i:..'l[; Lepartmen t . C:ne :fE;atu.re of tLe situat.ion in this couutry and i n ci.ustrial r:urope is the defin i t6 s h oi>·cr. e, of' c oal :/cli c h is likely to develop ver~r shortl'j'. T'.!: i s i s l a r 'sel-:,r du e to the ccni'lue::nce oi ::i. r..atur·al L1dustrial e,.eve lopment, tos ether ·,7-;_ th tbG a:.r-111amen t l,-ro~re.r.1..ns s . .wt 01.,ly of O'U.i..' C: over mnent, b-;;_t of· c:1e ..:overrnncHti:. of other :..:.m"opeea coun tries. ':::he trio t:.in ·s r...?.1.:__;en..i.:_•~ to •;e t i.er ·;:::..11 cause a f amine, both in coa l ~.21cJ. mete.ls . The i::n.evi'i;abl e reac tio:1 r.ri ll ·oe r.11 the raore severe . _. I .1..ean.,vime �r .,.., .P.r:y.c.e , ..,....Ls.q ·- .•.._....._, , oc l: ...,..,9.J;\.2 c • .•1.-.',;.s.,• uCJT o..........................J-.e. o.r..g e.....!:l...... ~~e. ............. 2 .............................. ·:.yom:i.n'.Z., U . .S . J.,,.. :Weantime, Ymg es are risiLf; . toge t her Yd.th th0 prof i t s. Scottish YJa ~es have :i1oc1°0:1sed by approxii.nutel y 3d. per day in each of' the last tm~ce 1,1 0nths - t ha t i s , 9d . per day altoGether, in t~ll'6e stQ ·ec . Ihis causes l abour t roubles, as the me:i.1 thL:1k t l:.c. t t::e onners n ill r.;i ve t hem v1hatever they ask. It may be said. t'.;.a t the Coal Tr ade is never monotonous; nb.en thir:.0 s are oad, one v1isbes for the g ood times to come round, 101· i'i11anc i a l r easons ; nh en. t imes are gcoci, one feels t hat it ,·:ou l d almost be b ett e r to :2:et back to the poor time~, because of the d i ff iculty of ke e p i n g the peace ,;,i thout g ivi1:6 ax:e.y too much in princip le. No doubt, similar considera tions \'/ill app l y in the American coalfield _. as a broad g enerality , but whether ti;nes are g:ood. or bad. I just wish y ou all the best , a nd l o ok forr1ard sor:ie day_. perhaps, to seei ng y ou ag sin in our coun t r y . I nould like to thank y ou personally f or the r.iany k i ncLnesses Yihic:1. y ou have shown to our s t,a.ff, and f or t he L1sp i Pation '7t"sici:.. ti1ey have received from time to time tllrou ;h y our ·i -1strumentali ty . Perhaps you r:ould like to i:iave my .Address i n bound f orm , &nC:. :i: encl ose a copy in t h is expectation . Yours since:r.·ely, I::.1clo. --;,.a a.ress. ~~ ~" J,. ' ;\ft , l.,}. AP;-; 3 i£37 �2,849. lltbe Jnstitution of ~lining Ufngtneers. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS C. ACGl"STliS l iRLO\\". .D."XC..U. GENEH.\L )lliETING HELD lX LOXDOX. lfEllltUAR\." 3tw, 1037. F.xczan- .ram, TUC r,,111,,,,,.,.,,,. (II '.J llt. J:, •lll"tlJ()_; ul lllJ.L"• ~-""l.!i .t.J.•, \'or.. Xt;Jl. WNDON: PUBLI8BJID AT THE OFFICES OF THE IXSTII'ITlIO~. 8.\Llo~aY Horn. t"1ssin-1u· Cmllr,., .E.C.:!. (Te. . .: "l!f8Tnmri, Pao~i:. J.m,,,.. ,." 'f,·kph,,u,,: JHrr.,pul:ta n i041, :04:!.( PaarT.ID Bl' A.l<l>l<EW Hnt> t, CO?.ll'.1."iT, L,D,, l-iEWtASfLlMl.l'O:;-T:rm:. 1(/:Ji . �PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. Br C. AUGUSTUS CARLOW. My first words from !his Chai.- must be to thnnk you for the honou1: which you haYe done me in electing rue to the Presidency of the Institution. It is difficult to express adequately one's sentiments on an occasion of this kind. The long list of names of distinguished men who hn ,-e filled this position during nearly half a century gives an impression of the difficulty of maintaining the traditions of the past and yet serves as an inspiration to exert every effort to discharge the duties in :i manner satisfactory to you and to myself. ·with the help and co-operation of the members, Council, and staff it is hoped that the Institution may, in the coming year, continue its valuable work in so many fields· of usefulness to the industry1 whose prosperity we all have so deeply at lieart. 0 IMPOllTANCE OF THE COAL-:UINING INDUSTRY. The first point I would like to make is that coal-mining in this country must not be regarded as a diminishing industry. The recent dep1·ession and the set-back in the tonnage of exports· may hnYe given some colour to this idea, but no such suggestion must be entertained. On the contrary, the coal-consumption of this country and of the world generally is not decreasing, new uses for co:il are on the eYe of developments which may create a considerable additional demand, and if, as was stated at the World Power Conference in September last, the oil-supplies of the world may show signs of approaching exhaustion in some twenty years, the coalfields will undoubtedly acquire a new importance. '!'he latest estimate of the World's Coal Resources is probably that of Dr. H. Meis who, in a recent issue of GUlckauf, brought up to date· the figures presented at the 12th Internntional Congress of Geology held in 1913. In t his estimate, which included seams· down to 2,000 metres in depth, the British coalfields are credited with 52·5% of the " certain ." reserves and 25·6% of the " certain and probable " resources of Europe. It is true that enormous and almost incalculable quantities of easily got coal exist in America, in Asiatic Russia, and elsewhere, but under conditions, geogrnphical and otherwise, which, at present put them practically out of economic reach. Nothing causes us to anticipate any want of continuity or cessation of development of the British coal-industry, and the mining engineers of this country may, with confidence, take the long view, plan for the future, and be prepared to meet any competition which may be encount.ered. �2 It hns become customary t hat the President ' s Address to the {m;LiLUtiou should be of a non-c01ltro,·ersiul naLm·e. T his prcccdeut is 1lillicu ll fot· me to follow, and, ii you will bear witb me, 1 sball u1kc the libuny of e:i:pressing my own opinions, fruukly a nd openly, as uccasiou mny al"ise, in the course of my r emarks, ret1lizi11g q uite clua dy that this course commits no one but myself per:;on:i.lly. OBJEOTS OF 'U i E u-;STI TUTION . It' one is to succeed in any incliv iduul act ion 0 1· joint 1.md.:!'lakrng, it is necessary to keep ,·ery cleurly anu. n iry constandy in , 1cw t he objects and purposes which ure being airued uL. We m u,;L 11c,·c1· lo~c sight of our objects. 'l'he objects of The Instit ut ion of 1lining .Engineers :trc ,;et forth iu the llye-laws attached to ou1· Royal Cha rter of which p ur agrapll 1 reads:.. Objects: 'rhu ndvnnccwcnt of cou.l and iron -oro mining untl ullrn<I j 111.lu, 1ric::,, und tho promotion of tho ncquisition of the kr,owlctlgu necessary for the C<Jhtml 11ml directiou of miutng 011cmtious in rolntiou to st,n.1tilicd deposits. " Let us exllllline these object h·es uud usk our,;dvcs ho w wo ..:ao pursue them with still greater success I 'l'he words ' ' allied industries .. suggest infinilc ruwilfoat ious, bu1. omitting that phrase for the present. uml confiuing ourseh-es t o coalmining, the subject seems to break u1> into t,wo ma jor did:;ion,;1. 1'he advancement, of coal-mining us uu industry, iu genernl. 2. The efficiency of the technical uperations, in detail. A.nVA.NOEM.ENT 01' Co.\L•lUNING .A S A.> 1::-ot:s·rny. 'l'he subject is wide enough to embrace polit ic,.tl, co11U1wrnial, economic, and other cousideru.tions. I cl.aim that the Iust itut iou is entitled to bold und to express its Yiews on uuythiug and eYerything affecting the welfare of the inu.usLry. ~nest.ions of fur-reuchiug importance may arise ut a,uy momeut ou which tbe Institution may not be able to remuiu i;ileut. .Meantime, howe,·cr, l propose under t his bending to touch upon two matters only, both of which relate very definitely tu the advancement of the industry :(a) Training of personnel. (b) Advantages and dangers of depurt.mentul specialization. 'l.'raiiiing of Persunnel.-This is a ,;ubject 011 which it is difficult to be impartial. One is very apt to allow personal or local circumstances to obscure the broader und more general aspect. If the industry is not satisfied with the present system, the responsibility lies with the industry to take some action, although agreement may be difficult. Let me, therefore, express one or two personal Yiews. No cr iticism can be launched against the existing university facilities. It is unfortunate that they are 11ot more fully taken advantage of, and us this Address proceeds, it will be gathered that in my Yiew the field of usefulness for university graduates is likely to widen. Having completed the course und accompanying underground experience, t ravel in us many different coalfieldl! ns possible, at home and abroad, is vitally necessary. This is recognized, but, sufficient impor tance is not attached to the nd,·antage to be gained. Powers of observation, deduction, nssimilntion and nrrungement of facts, such as the Pelman cour se emphasizes, must he culth·nted. For this reason pnrt, nt least, of the foreign travel mny well be deferred until the student h ns �3 sufficient p ractical experience properly to appreciate, and to appraise at its p rope1· value in t he light of differing circumstances, what he sees in foJ·cign coalfields. From the industry viewpoint, however, the ncquisition of knowledge mu<;t be accompanied by n study of human nature. Two-thirds of the cost of coal lies in wages and salnries. Therein mining differs essentially from other industries. The difference between success and failure lies noL in the lnck of knowledge, but in the npplicntion of it in the light of n realization of the human problems involved. '! 'he tra ining for t he Colliery Manager's certificate is a thorny subject - one renlizes the difficult ies of the under-officinl who, nfter an exhnusti ng d ay underground, has to travel to t.l1e local centre and settle down to study for the coming exnmina.t ion. The exnminntion system is wit h us and has to be reckoned with, but i~ it fair to leave the und~r -official to work out his own salvation 1 I t hink th:1t. hetter results would be obtained if the owners took a practical p nrt in the trnining of candidates for the Manager's examinations. T his could be done by d irecting and "arying the underground experience of nppro,·ed cnnrlidntes and providing mining teachers or lecturers to g ive the neressarJ t heoretical instruction free of a ll charge to t he students nnd in sui table centres either within or nenr the collierv office. Spnce rloec; not permit me to elaborate this point, hut, it is one t~ which T per~onnlly attach consiclernble importnnce. One must spenk very highly of t he excellent work done in the mining schools in the earlier st,nirec;. nnd this suggestion npplie~ only to the late1· staj?e<: of prepnrntion of candirlntes for the Colliery Manager's examination. It is in this way that T t,hink t he hest results will be obtnined for the fntnre. Cln~c:ec: for bovs are now almost. universal. Safety comes first. but :rn efiort shoul,l 1;lso he mnde to intere,;f the boyi; in' ns many rlepnrtment<: of underground work ns possible, so that Inter they mny nnturnlly i:eek employment in different classes of unclergrounrl work. The blind-alley drift of things in past years has helped to fill the Labour Exchanges. nnrl an effort. must he made to put this right. The hoys nppenr willing to lenrn how to -perform all the vnrionc: jobs open to tl1em in the pit, and the opp01·tunit-.y mmt be firmly e:rasped by the inrlm;try. Boys nnturnlly like to work with tools nnd to learn the intricnciec: of new machine<:. 1\finer-: in thec;e day<; nre pn1·tly mechnnics. nnrl the prec;ent movement i~ to be welcomed for economic ns well ns for sa fety renson<:. Consiclernble org'aniimtion fa necesc:nry to keep the boys interesterl in the theoretical nnd in t he prncticnl work until they are qnnlifierl ns practical nitmen, cnpable of toking pnrt in genernl undergi-ound opero.tions. This wol'k, together wit.h the nssistnnce in connexion with t he education of Managers cannot properly be done by t,he operntive officials. Sepnrnte stnff is necessary, bllt will amply jllstify all the effort. Advantagr..• n11d Drmgr.1·.• of Dr.partme.11tal SpedaHzation.-In t.he olrl dnys, the managing owner of :1 sinirle colliery hnrl n working knowledge of every ope1·ntion, nncl personally supenised every d.epnrtment of the work, with or without consultation with independent consultants in special cases of difficulty. Re wns l1is own engineer-mining, mechnnicnl, and electrical-he supervised his own sales and accountnncy work, factored his own land nncl houses, manag:ed his own trntfic nncl rollingstock, and genernlly left his impl'imntnr on every detn ii. Na.turn! evolution i~to lnrgcr unih, of mnnngement bns caused all this to be changed. Departments are being set up, headed by specfalist<i �4 lo control and direct intricate opei·alions to best :1tlv:1ntuge, uud who bring ,t fund of \"Oiuable specialized knowledge a nd experience lo i111; rc.1:<o the general ellieienoy. 'l'he degree of increa~ed cfli cionc•y will , liowen:r . uepend largely upon the degree of ha rmony and co-oporalion cxi11ting between the depnd-inents, nncl it is tl1e duty or those admi11istcring 1·ollicry units to ensure that this harmon y and co-oporation exisl. It is my experience thnt frequent inler-deparlmcntnl m,'<'li nµ:s are csscnti.1I. an<l the atmosphere must be rig ht in 01·dcr t.hat the ~pccialists mn~· interwenYe nnd interlace t heir expert knowledge for be, t rcs11lt-s wha•h . 1lofinitely, will not. be nchie,·ed without t his co-opc1·ntion. \\'hen the departments sit in wnterti_!!ht compartment - :md exchange letter". tlw barometer is pointing to " Stormy " nntl t his mu;;t ne,·er occur. The owner-manager of n $m:11l colliery in the old dnys would know whet.her by $pending 2d. per ton 011 better prepa rntion ho would ohtnil1 Gd. per ton better ornrket-price. He probnbly knew tho nrnrket-Ynluc ot' the output from ench seam , nllowini:r for the propor tion of laq:rc ,rnd small con! and the appropriate percent11go of d i,·t, and compnl"ing thi" with the cost per ton, he woulrl nrrh·e nt the p rofitability fact or of each i::eom, which is vnlunble inforpv1tion. H e woulJ, for e.r nmplc, know what it would cost to sepnr nte ~ome of the di rt. underj?rnund, n" ng-ni n,:;t bringing- it to the i:urfnce n<: part of his Output Quota nnrl then ,rn<:hing it out and plncinp: it on the refn<:e-heap. These simr,le ill11sfration" m·1y s01Te to cln rify the po int T wi<ih t o mnke here. The specinli<:t<: m11<:t be bro11i:rht to:i:ether in an atmo5;phero most fn,·ournble fo1· m11t11·1I n,:;«i«tance nn<l co-ope1·ntio11 for t ho general efficiency. Tt is the dnt~- of the ndminii;(i-:.1101' to keep the ntmosphero rig-ht for this pmpo,:;e to be nrhiC\·ed. If my me,ninf! in the immerlintely precerling- sentenre<: is clenr. T wish to mention n definite 1hng:er nri!;ing nt the present time and which T ronsider to he n d·in<?er of con<:iclerable mnj!nit ude. Since AIH!ll!'t l'l"t. nn enMmous org:nnizntion h n<: heen set up for Mntrolling the i;nlc" of con! in this coirn!Ty. Committees o r Salesmen hnYe heen e<:tnblished with \·erv conc;ider;ble powers lhroul!hont the conlfielcls. Thei:e committees nn• to he co-orrlinntecl ' in r e)?nrd to the discharge of lheir functions, bnt T see no proYision fo r co-oniinntion between the new org,rnizntion nncl the mininir enj?ineers nnd technician~ who win nnrl prepnre the con! for the mnr ket. The words, taken from my text" the nclYnncement of conl-mininµ:" ore wide enoni;rh to wnrrnnt my saying- that it woulrl be well to throw n hridl,!e o,•or the g11p between the new rlepnrtment and the mining engineers. It is for the ndministratot·s in the industry to create the nt.mosphere neeess:ny for the maximum deirree of harmony and co-operation. T1m EFFICrEXC, OF TRE TEOHNIOAI, OPERATIONS. The second pnrt of my $nbject den\$ with mining operations nnd the means by which these cnn be rendered more efficient. :\[ini~g opemtions nre $0 di,·ersi-fie1l that no one would $uggest thai nny royal roncl to efficiency can be found, or thnt what hns been founcl valuable in one coalfield i-; necessarily npplicnhle elsewhere. There nrc. however, one or two genernl principles which suggest themseh·es M R1tit11ble for mention at this point, nncl T propo!<o to comment onPlanning, Forecasting, Safety, nnd )Innagement and the Human Element. �Plcw,n1ing.- This wol'd has l'ecent.ly been used in various ways, but, in reiut,ion to the wc,rking of coul, it is here understood to mean the previous prep1tr nt,ion oi' working schemes wilh p luns nnd specificut.ions of every detn il, a nd u n esl.imate of plant expenditure and cost per ton, before opcwatio11s 1\l'e commenced. These Inst fou r words nre importa_nt. )fony year ago when the pract ice of sticking little coloured fla gs on war mnps was still freshly in mind , I hnd flags prepared for e,·ery worker in a seol ion or distr ict, a nd tried to find plnces fo1· them on a 11·1,cing <•f the w()rkings. 'l'he t'esult was n re,·elntion, and, together with other ouqetTalion ·, confirmed me in my ncl~•ocacy of p hrnning as abo,·e ilefinecl . \\'hel'e u nderg r ound conditions ure a lready known, no difficulty p resents it. elf in p repari ng complete schemes, bu t such schemes are none the less necessary. It. is not too much to sny that, e,·er y unit. o f labour should be pluced in p1·opc1· position in t he scheme, every item of plnnt a nd machinery considered ,incl scheduled, t ransport und other " senices " duly plunned ou t a nd prodded fol', a nd a stateme nt appended gh·ing value of plant 1·equired and esrimnted cost per ton of cont to be produced Such det:i ii i worked out fol' ,t row o f cottages, nnd underg:1·ou ncl oper:1! ions a rc desen- ing of at least equal care. An enormous muss or dotnil is inrnlved. Cost-sheets and time studies of operations elsewhere will be requisitioned, a search will be mnue for better npplinncc.:;, experience el~ewhere in t he snme seam will be drawn upon , if n,nilnl1le. scheme after scheme may be completed a nd discnrclefl for something bette r , hut my Yiew is t hiit all this is necessary for be<;t results. New ideas o re not born in the finished state, but t he fina l product may l>e t he result of many d ays of wenry labour after the original conception has taken r oot. focidentally, i t is difficult to understand lhc disinclination to make more use of time-nnnlysi,s, studies. Cost-sheets show where expenditure hns been incui-rer! nncl how it hns Ynried in the pnst. but limo-analyses show where t.ime hns been lo~t nml where it can he saved in t he fu ture . One shows t hat n remedy i,; needed, but the other shows where l he remedy is· to be found. One resemhlcs the pnin which cnlls n,tten t ion to on injury, but t.he other shed<: the illumin11tinl! light of the X-rny<: on t he sent of the injury, reYenl ing unerring)~, the p recise noture of the necessnry steps towa rds n cure. I hope I clo not wen ry you with nclvocacy of whnt, to mnny, mny be elementory. E,·er.r colliery owner probably plnm to some extent, but it is doubtful whether an y cnrries the process fnr enou:rh. The present shortnj!e o f prnctical pitmen renders t he eronomir di!ltribution of nYnil11ble supplies nil the more necessnry. We must master t he pit conditions -not let- them master us. We must prodrle nil necessnry ser,ices nnd then follow up with output-not commence by starting prnrluction of conl nnd then following up with 1-ervices. This difference is ,ery important. This work requires n sepnrnte staff. I ,•enture to state my opm1on thnt if this duty bo placed upon the opernth·e stnfi re<;ponsible fo1· the rlny-to-dny control of the colliery the result will not he sucres,;;ful. A field pre<:ents itself for mining en~ineers of re<:ource. ima~inat,ion, and experience. who will first recognize that nn importa nt problem exi~t!\: who will 11ccumulate. nil ui;eful clntn, not forgettinj! the Ynlunb\e fund nlrend·-1 nvnilnble in the Trn11 snrtio1111; who will classif~· the fnrt!-. formi1late tentnti,e proposnls, test. en.ch separately. rli<:Mrd whnt rnn he improved upon: nnd finally suhmit ronsirlererl proposals omhodying the �6 best that experience nnd forethought cnn prodclo. Frequent tr:wcl a nrl com;tant study ure uecessnry, and t his work, to be efiect h·e, requ ires a ~epat·ate planning staff. 'l'he pluuning work fo1· a hitherto uncle\·elop ecl coa l- cam, 01· for a n eutii·dy new collier~·, requires different tt-ealmcnt . lmt t he prim•iplcs :i re tltc snme and the imporluncc of the woi·k. probably l-!l"C!ltc1·. II', howe,·er, 1 huYe been able t o cn1"J"y you with me -.,o fu r . il will nut be necessar~· to pursue this line of thoug ht into 1Jl11c1· hnt nches. Porcc11sti11g.-Forecasti11~, anrl the ~enorn l t" uru re trcud of cYents, has become very nea!'ly a science, but. as a p plied to cou l-min ing open I-ions. ma;1• be undcrsloocl to c·on~i~t of e~t-imat in~ in :tch-ance t he positiP"l. comlit.ion, requirements, nncl co~t per ton of the wor k ings, whet her t'or the near or the more distnnt fu ture. Let the development plan ol' the workings lie e "tcnrled , i n the light of latest po~sible information , for n numbei- o f _vea rs. nncl n detailed l'eport prepared b~, :l minin::r engi11ecr showin::r a mon)? nthel' fh in1?.,;~1ct-h~r uny of thC' workinf,!. plnccs arc nppronohing. o ny known or n-pprchcm.lcd danger. Whnt tho output wi II be from cnch tli.Ntrict. ·whether existing "80n·ices" as to t,nmsport, ,·ont ilntion. etc .. w1 II be suOkicnt for tho extended working.foc<•s. "\Vb.ct.l1cr nny known gcologicnl disturhnnccs nro lik<' ly t o bo cncountcr('d. Tl,c cstiwntcd future trend of cost per ton. nnd sucih other informnt ion ns mny be useful for 8C1foty nnd !'lticil'rtcy. 'l'he object of this is tu eliminate guesl;-WOl'k. and to g irn wurning of possible danger, interruption to operntioni;, thl'c:1tcne,l inefficiency of sen·ices as demands upon them inc1·enso, 01· otlte1· dimcultics which m ay poss:ibly be foreseen by close inYestig:nt.ion. A manager tap$ the hnroroeter :rnxionsly. :t]l(l tltc <:uggc<;tion is tlrnt he should pt'oYide him~clf with forecasts of \'0111litiom: which may be of greuter importance than the ntmMpheric prcssni·c. Ifonl:ige, \"entilntion, or other i:erviC'es may hcc:omc insufficient by tho grndual daily ndvnnce of the w1wkinl!" imd a pel"iorl of inenicienc~· 1·esult whilo the defects :ue bPing remedied. The l'emcdinl mensnres mny, also, occupy a ronsidernble length of t.ime. Again, n fnult 01' other µ:eolo:zirnl di1;turb:mre mr\y ho encountere<l l'utting off the wo1·kings and nullifying con<;icler nhle expenditnre on prepnrntion work anrl plant. whirh expenditure may have to be t'epe'lted cl,;ewhere after a period of <li<:location and ineffiriency. Other exnmples ro11l1l he quoter! nfiecting both safety :mcl economy. 'fhe management is c:rnµ:ht unprepared. :\. surpri<:e attack ic; suddenly r!e,•olopecl anrl the best :trrnng-emcnts: pos<;ihle nrr lrn1..-iedly 1ledsed. In mnny cn<:e<: the diffic11lt3· conl<l not po-.<;ihly he fore<:een hy any human ingen11it:,. hut. althoug-h each cn"e mn<:t he C'ons:iclere<l on its merits. an intensh·e nnrl exhausth-e studv of the known fe'ltnre<: of the ronlfielrl mi~ht- hin-e !!'i,·en ~ome wal'~ing. nn<l one surh previous inclicul ion may he worth all the lahour and expense whicl1 I sng-µ:est. ~[isfortune<; ma~· he rohhed of part (If their sting if thr element of !'Urprii:e ii: remm·ed nnd if one hns time lieforehnnd to i:it rlnwn calm]~, nnd m·1ke pro,·i<:ion for surmounting the diffi<'1ilty in the mo<:t efficient manner po<:c;ihle in the circumstan('es. The exten<:ion of the development plnn i~ insufficient. A very exhn11<;tivc '-tu,lv mnT he necessarv. nn<l thi!: T ('On-;icler cnn only he. clone hy a i:epnral~ 1;t11fT independent ·of the dny-to-dny operuting 1'"ork of the collieries. �7 Safety. - lt will be found that. in ilw last two Yolumes of the J.'r,i·,amctio11ii or our Institution, approximately 'one-third of the space is occupied with papers and discussions on heulth and safety. 'l'his is ti much larger p roportion tha n exisls elsewhere, and is a fact which we muy accept with some satisfaction. Pust experience suggests that safety by legislation hus reached a limit. What seems de irable is the a wakening of a deepe1· sense of responsibility fo1· sttfet:.y, and a defiu ile determination to reduce the accident-rate th roug hout the entire coltie1·y personnel. T he s1mior present on any occasion, whethel" un official or uot, should, ..i~ iu olhor organiiat ions, feel himself respon sible, to some extent, for· tho safety und weliurn of t hose working with him. 'l'he work.men should u..sisL in this maclor 1.tnd not. leaYe it to officials. ~lut'l1 cnn be done by propaganda ,\Dd constant applicat ion, but ,1g11 in l aw of opin ion I.hat this will only be accomplished by stnfi work continua lly dealing with the subject. 'l'he work of the Safety Departmonl al tlie colliel'ies wit h which I nm privileged to be immediately associulcd has been described fully elsewhere and the .result so far hus been ve1·y satisfa ctory and encouraging. Whether this cnn l,e mainlniue<l or improved upon will depend largely upon I lie success of I.he independent safety staff in enlisting t he sympathy 11 n t1 :<eou ring I he goodwill of officials and workn1en alike . .IJcwagi:mt nt and the flnman Blement.-It may be presumptuous to star t even a short parngraph unde1· t his beading, but the subject co·nnot well be avoided .. My advocacy of the d ifferentiation between staff work. and operations 1·ecognhes the fact that deep thinkers mny hesitate to net, nnd energetic operntors may not ham time to think sufliciently. Operntors are entitled to rely 011 stnff wodt nn d the staff ui·e entitled to suflicient time and suitable conditions for working out the schemes. Seemingly good ideas may ln·enk down on investigation, but. in any case should run the gauntlet of exhn.ustive criticism by both the planning and opernting stafis before adoption. Success mny come l,y chance, but minh1g opei-atio_ns n.r~ daily npproximn.ting mol'e and more to the natur e of an exact science. Specialists nre necessnry in every dep:1rtment nnd their nssistnnce is eagerly sought after. But specinlists are apt to be impntient with departments other than their own, and pnrticulnrly with the great mass or humnn interests concerned with the mining industry. Some excellent ideas of fundamental importance hnYe foiled because their originators failed to take sufficient account of the human element. 'l'he various and numerous depnrtments, ench in chnrge of a specialist, m11st be got to work in harmony like the instrumentnlists in nn orchestra, hut the ndministrntion must not shirk n.ddinir to .the number of departments through fear of disharmony. We nrc in nn era of departments and must nccept that fact. An inch of Yncm1m is worth mnny ponnrls of steam-pressure, a n d success depends on enl!enrlerinir the will to sncceerl nnrl gettinp: the depnrtmentnl chiefi; equipped with 1i mentnl outlook which impels them nnturnlly and entlrnsiustirnlly to fnll in with the genernl scheme. Innovations must be introduced grnrlnall)·, nntil the benefits are olwions, a fter which the departments will interlock spont:meonc:.lJ. I think it will be found, on rlispossionnte nnnl~-si!l, that tl1e rourse of events may be shaped ns mueh hy psycholop:ical sentiment nnd feelings as by hard fnots nnd cold logic. Far-reaching innovations may, in the �8 ne:u· future, be born within, or thrnst upon, the industry, but let the 1·eformers not forget the words of one of the profoundest studen_Ls_of human nature, and which words are peculiarly applicable to the mmmg community : •• Wo nre uot wood, wo nro uot stones, but 1110 11. ' ' SUll)!ARY. I haYe tried to condense my Yieu·s ou these matters into the fewesL possible \rnrds, but this must not detract from the importance of the points. The coal-mining industry of this coun try must be regar ded :1s of increasing rather than diminishing importance. It must be the endea\·our of the pre~ent generation of members ro continue to sen·e the industry to tho best of thei r ability, and purticula.rly to pursue unceasingly the objects or the I nstiLution. These objects briefly paraphrased may be stnted thus : 1. The ndmnccment of conl-miniug as un industry, in gcnornl. 2. Tho efficiency of tbo tccb.nicnl operations, in detail. In pursuance of these objects my views arc exp,·essed on : Training of pcrsow1el, Dcpnrtmcntnl spcciaHza.tion, Planning, Forecasting, Safety, and the OYeniding considerat ion of the human factor. One thread running through the Address und appearing at frtquent interYals is the necessity for, and t he efficient employment of, qua Ii lite! specialists in the various departments. Another idea which is strongly stressed is the great importance of recognizing and allowing for the human element, which is so strongly represented in the industry, when introducing innovations. :Many mining engineers will agree with me, and many 01ay differ fundamentally from me, but my pmpose will be sen·ed if this Address leads to a deeper consideration of the mutters referred to, in the lio•l,t of local circumstances and requirements, and finally results in a few steps being taken leading towards the object whis:h we all have in dew, namely, the " adYancement of the industry." �l tJCl3 v e'!!:y n uch plca God , a fen days ago, to ;.:-e~d i n the Co lU. e1•y Gu.::..r c.i aa ~;n ~.rmouncencn t 'lliat y ou. ho.d been appointed 2resi dent o r the I n s t i tution o f wining 2ilQ. neers . rJhi l c thi s \-;i.11 e:1 toi l con aidcra.ble \"Jork f or you, I knon J/ou. 1..1ill fulfill the duties o f P resi d ent very a ccep tabl y to t uc IJ.6D.b~ro . I am lll eo.secl , i ndeed, to knon that you h ave recei VG<: •Ghi s r ecoa,ni tion, end cieE:i:rc to congrnt.ulc;i;e you on your appoin tr.len t . '.fue coal 'bn sines o i n P...neri ca. i s s 't i l1 Tather Iilllddl e cl . '.7e n i l l 11robe bly h cl.Ve another Guffey Conl Control Bill i ntro~uced in t he Con~ress o~ th e United s tat e.£ befo re long , the nature o f 1.'!h i ch I do no t Jmor, a "i. the p?ese;mt time, cs the l aot Guffey Coal Di l l Da.s decl ~ed t.1-'lcon sti tut-lona1. ·; ;e also h a"=le a meeting coa ing u p v e i•y rmon f'o:r the c:2:tcnsion of ou~ 11age a ~ eement, the mne no :rkei:s ash'"inG for a si ,r- h ou:r day and mMy thinc;o r1hich they do not e..""t: )ect to t;et. '?.l.'.!.ey u su&l ly )..Jlr;n tn n s!t for ve'Y}y nuch nore than they e~ec t t o get, so a3 t o leave room for trading . ·.'le are u orld.nc; seven h our s per day and. f i ve days per i.7eek nou, a'ld -.1i ll p:t~ bub l y c;ct t h e same hous:c , iJU t , I think, i7i th rui inc:reusc i n nnges . Ue n:¥:e goi ng to try to get a provi Eo i nserted in the agreewent ubi ch r:oul d £,.i ve uo t h e y ti vilcg e of \"Jor kin e s ix days i n the Bocky llountain resion , ,:;h ere there i s very l i ttl e coal bu 3ine so i n t h e zumnc r. but the n 0clr i o r each ed a.uri ne the u inter mon t hs . V ~ ?.:r . Boo s evelt goes merrily a lo n g ui th hi s Sociali s t i c pl:i.!ls, the l a t e:Jt, ~s you :probabl y lmoY: o to appoint I!lOre j u stices and pa.ck the SUpreoe Court o f the United Sto.tes ~o thut they -r:ou 1d r ule in favor of his lle \7 Doa l l e3:i elution . '.i'hi s i f.l ale.rmi ng i:lany IJeopl e in thi s country, Md I don ' t Jmo:i yet i'Jha t the ou tcorne :1ill ba. ·: ·e had ~ rc.tl.:e:r eucceeeful year, mi ned over 3i- I!li l l !on tons and expect t o mine 3½ mi llion tons thi e yeu:r. I c o no t look f'or ony t•i slocation o :f' th~ co el i nduotriJ tlurin~ the year throuc;h l abor trouble , bu t , o f �cou:rce. one Cr!n never tel 1 . ~. e ' :e.ve a l ~.l"'G e p r ogra:Jl lin el up thi. o yoe:: , ·l;l:.; :1~:l..:ciJ,.2.l i te;:,i i.>eiug th e op ening of u ne:7 nine ...... t ou:: ::1·,'.::-io r .:i:Jt:>ict, ·r.1:hi ch ,:ill eventually .!}:COL'..!C~ 5 ~0CJ t:,:: c o.Z coz.l }.)er do.y . 3u.Gi.:1c90 }1~:::. i !.:'._;:..c·:;3,_ 1 :el\, pe?c ey·i.ibly in t:'l::::; cnuntrJ·, bu t j u st l:!.o~; :::.1.ch is C.t2e to Gov e1'llniGn-~ spendi ng ..nd ho\: muc?l. t o )}l'i vatG ~?l·~o::-l.>:.'.:. ae i s no -t clat ermin ative at the pr esent t ir~c. I n::.i [7'en.tly iutc r e 2tad i n the Sufe •i;y uo:i.~k you are do i ng, r1hi c.h ! l e.::~1 a.tou t tn:rou@l tllc bull eti n=:i Eent !.;!C by 7.'i lli ~ cood j o b . Reid . ! thi nk y ou al'e doing o. v ecy I hil!JO t .i1.:. t ev-~ry th i ng i O l,Oi i'lg ,·;el l ,::l th you, no", onl y i n :;-our operation s , but n it11 eve:cy thinc g ~me r~lly. :i~ I .:gain ex_press to you ny g ood ::-i eheo . Very sin ceI·e ly y ou 1·s, r.:r. c. .Aucustus Carl or,, r"cnc.f;'l nc Di .-ecto:r Tue !?if'e Coal Cocp.:ny Leven , Pif'echire, Cco tland �- lli· • C. f...U{:,Uct u.a Cc.1·10·,7 Lium·mod. H::::.11 L ev e:1 F 'S'ifGr 'ir i. ::..·c Seo tlcnd r t •,-:uo i:1t:.cc:i , . i.>l oc-.om:•c to nave yol.l.7!: p OJ.• oonc.l no·\in \.'-0 n c i n ;sc:.:u:::.:r:;f . X c1\1oyo o:1Joy hc~itlG i'~o:: -~~-0 ri":-:~l~ ·1(:., '_::I'. \ fnO l)C.:Z-'iii c1.\lerly r,lcuocd t o h:1v~ yom:- !}e:.' :10:1c.1 no tc o.t ·GJ.10 st~·till[S of .:i. neD you.J.·. ::-e ~ o i ri~tloed 1,1on.oc,1 to lw.ve yolE 1 :-;taf:? r.10:::ibc:r::: co;~i., n.c~1.•n . co \70 t? :t·,-.ray □ cc·;; 2. &~0at tleru. o:.,:' :tn:f ol..nt:?.·;;:1.on :i:'!'!>u vi oi t i n:.{ r:;t '121 th.co, encl :.:;ottin!3 -~1-io:l.:i:' v:l.cu- :i.JD:l.nt . ! :.:::.:."l·~ t o r:.cy t i'rnn!:.ly, t hat ln -tho Bi-,_ ·~i oh :l: nl cn you h c ;,70 .::u.~lt mo1•-, cl.:<.'i'ict'!l ';; 0~103.'~ t :l n:.:; :,_,:.•.;bl c7.':J ·~lir..:n ·.:10 ~-:.~"ve , on accoun t o f mininc coOL1~ 2:i.; r.7cctc:--~ c.:e;.>';;hc c.n<l ~ Y of t llc ce~:is vc:-: y ·i;}.:li:1 . '..:l•.c B::i tiai.1 coa l o:_)oro:~oxo ~o to be c;:,z.icndcd n:1 t m ::cr.1rlZ'k::-~1>1c ~:::;_;;r they cc.1.~2y on ::-no t ho s_>l C."'ltli \l en t er:9ri cc t hey cllou. I au c lnd "GO 2::nou "Gho;t i11.o coe'.1. "iJt'.r..ii n o.., ra i a ;Jicking u:9 i n t he n1~:1. ti rih ! ol eo , tmd ·~:!J.c.i tlle .7ll50 qucrntion !mo been CJ:1ioo.bJ.y oet~;1 cd, c.t lccot f'o :r..~ tJv.l E"lP.~nt . '1·l1c tnncl.e~~~.7 in '(:ht') 3ri ti ah I nl tJn ~ C\£1 i n t hi 'J couu·t :-.: y, i o ·;;o obic.in Ehorter h.')';.l.l· o e.nd hic;ii0.:~ ,1~~e:3 '.?o!: c11 '., c::L-:i\O'l . • The Labor l eu.<.lcr0 do no·~ :·ce1 t o be able to realize t.h c f eet thnt ii' thc~c i e no morrny t o o cct tae 1,o.y r olls ub.on t..'lcy 1>ecc:.ic <.~uc , t hc:.·e ··.i ll be :10 r ociui rcncnt for coru. or th e t :or.1'!J.o:::i ' o or.rvicc o . �oo:1eo bofo:.:-o ·;Jic S'..!_-•c..:c ' C1·1.1.•·i.i. ;:1:i. t-hin tho ne::~t :1.. t; ·.-::t:G. f'c\1 •.-:cc'.'.:.::, tution---2. p .L hnb, ;y· ilc dccl03~Gtl. unconct:!.- L:lh'J ;jO .,U ~ . . , : , O' 1:_: 00::1::_K1.uy i G ;~\1 ·~ho :lie.ct n:r c.. 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G;!0:;:',1 i~ ·il:.ir.: CGl~t.·~~'Y, , ..mt s n cctl : cc,;, , ll!ll'l;,' ..·.cw::i c.,>.n s, ~oo J o,3c~1 f.lC ·;,: ;3 :-0..~1r:: -..:::.o i.;:..·:... :~1~, l n7r-!::l :,y :-:.11 c l a.r..:nrw nf :_.co~.!~ ill ·~n·•a mn.m·t:.::-y . In c.11 -~!C el1c.oc \7:tl<.1!. h..~iJ r e cul 'Gct1. o:l:.1co the r:o ~l(l '.:rJ:: , -~he D::i ·,·i. cl~ uyno.r;ty i ~; ::-:a! o~::t~·,...m:t:~~; OL'lO , hcv..1.nc ' l'-;~7:l::·etl cll ~ho t u :-i.~•>i1 c-. nd. cr~:.."ii'c, ~• :r.1. :1 t; ·i;o:.1~ ::-i;l'Oi.1.£0l? thm Ll.t l'.!.1:,~ -:;il:.1c in ! tc hi :J·~o:..--y . :i: c.:..1 e:.ce Kine: :::;a.uad t.rill n:!.::-o m:J1tc u:1 :l.t"1r~c.J. :::'!.i1.: , ~ i'i t ·:~:'l.12c, 6'.!.CCC'.:'Co:r to hi:J i"o.thc::: 4 I hoDO y~,u n:l.11 _\::.:c<.lor! t:..6.:: 1·c.t!1cr r t:..-r:ibli11e let t :::;~ . I :;mll b~ t). ~tl. to !:ce_: ycc. nd viocd o i' tlio p::-01...).•oLJu o :£' om~ ~.t1r,>::·o·rc.:1m1 tz . ...'1th J:in<.l :.>Cl'SOUe1 :i?CG~!'UO~ Old bcot trl £!lca, i'o:- :·. li:_~:i.::, ~d j}ll>f.l_}CTot-.~ YCC'.X, I \)r1g1 a.a.1 ~:,:ta•;:J : GEORGE 8, PRYDl C- U,':l �L 1NNWOOD HALL, , LEVIEN, f 1FE . • ,~r:·· l~d6. ~ t&,,... (l_ ,. -(JJU/th, ~~~f' ;tt;:i- ~ ~ ~ __17y_ .,P;:Z <-([) ~ ~ . ,4..c Prfa.e.o ~ ~ ~ q a: ~ ~ a.u.D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- .,£__ J ~ ~~ fl ~ ~ ~ au ~ ~ ~ ;;:- ~ 0.5)~ ~ -»; ►, CJ.u_d~ J~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l'-C , 1/~ ~ ~ fl.J- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q «c...-4!! S ~MO~,id ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~- -L ~ ~ ~ ~ .J ~ ,___ ~ �~ \ ~ _r.-P, /A-<ft #" ~~~ f l ,_ - .. - ... e/ 2 ~ - ,d_ D"" ,. . . - ,,. •• ~ Jµj -· /J.~~~1 ~ - ~ . ~ ~ - 0-Ld) J Pa ~ , ~ .,k ...,_~ ~ b o,R ' ~ . ~-~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ _Al_ j£. ~~ - �080-3 Omaha, January 2 1 1935~ ... , I J Ll N I am returning hereWith llro Carlow's very interesting letter~ which deals very largely with the marketing situation, which our people 1n the East are trying to develop 1n a way. �h . LttDM0 " £ N°! 161 & 162 LEV £N 12th December, 1 9 34 . George B. Pryde, Esq., Union Pacific Coal Company. Rock SprinQ:s, ·: .yomi:if , - ·o .s .A. ) It is vii th t reat pleasure t h at I receiYe your l etter dated December 1st, and my first duty is to re t u r n thanks for the kindness a nd coui~tesy extended to i.1r . 1:':i l li am Reid while he had the opportuni ty of v isit in~ y ou r c oll ieries . Yesterday, I had a lonr, tslk n i th =-~r . Reid , and. , amonG other thing s , he ~ave me the p e rusal of seve r a l b ooks kind l y presented to him l)y your Pr e sident, T:r. ~icAuliffe, to v1hom I ,·muld like y ou t o be e;ood enou ;h to express my deep gratitude and real tl-1a nks a l s o . I d o remember the visit of ;)r . L . ~ - Ycu nc: , and. o nl ~ ,.., :ish that 170 had the opportunity of meeting our coll ea:::;ue s f rom !L1:1erica more freouently . /- It is r,ith 7eat intere st that I read y ou r comments upon the present economic position in America . lfo one from this side is qualified to r::ive a real opinion on the position, but ne are all \7atching vii th deep interest. Doubtless, you arc av,are that \'!e start upon a new p rocramme in this countr·y in the be c inning of next year, \"!~.".ch marks a er e at a dvunce in the co- operative handling of t __e commercial side of our indu stry. Hith erto , the tonn a c;e/ �tonna.se quota allotted t o each Coal Company has applied merely to the product i on tonnage, restricting and regu lating output of coal. This h3.s prove d to be insufficient. and for the futur e ·::e a:i:•e to have tvJO sale s quotas, one for tonnage supp lied for i n l a n d sale v,i t hin t he Uni ted Kingdom, and the othsi- f ol"' export sales to f ore i gn countries. i:inir.n:un prices are to be f ixed f or e ach. cl ass of coal, but I do not thi nk that this will h ave s o much effect as the ability t o r estrict t h e t onn age of coa l ,;1l1ic!l can be put u p on the market at any time. If p r i ce s get too lm·,, it may be more eff'ectual to res t ri c t t he tonnage offered for sale by , say , five per cent., than to endeavour to compel conformity to a very c omplicated s cale of minimum prices. In the forei (;n marke t, our p osition i s l ikely to be improved by an a r.;reement rrh ich is beinri; n egotiated r,i th Poland, our chief competitor in t h e exp ort mar ket . This agreement is not yet ratifie d , out I hop e that ,,e Ytill be acting upon it as from 1st January. It is a b i g step . and one Y1hich marks a stase of some i mportance i n European pro~ress, that Great Britain and Poland haYe arrived at an a 5reement at all . Both countries mean to ca rry it through: in letter and in spirit, to mutual benefit, a nd nhil e i t y;ould be absurd and unfortunate to expect specta cu lar rises in price , yet it will have a steadying eff ect on coal prices through Europe. An advance in price \"fill be qui t e satisfactory if reckoned in pence - not sh illin s s - per ton . for a beginning at least . Allo,;: me to congratulate yourself and y our collea.i;ues on the success of -your safety campaign. ,.;e were aYrare that you i:,ere leadin:; pr osre s s in this matter, but it \·,as h ardly to be hoped that, even under very favourable conditions, any mine, even a small one, could \'!Ork for a year without having time l ost through accident . I am Vice - Chairman of the Scottish i.:ine Ovmers' Association dealing with Y1orlanen I s insurance, and we have a very different picture in t h is country . It may be that the conditions affectin0 payment of compensation may have something to do with the number of minor a ccidents under '7hich compensation can be claimed, but the number of fatal accidents is still a very great source of/ �3 of anxiety to a l l of u s . ..e c a n , therefore , with a ll the more hea rtine ss, tender you our congr a t u l a ti ons . I t is a g o od t hi n--: that both of us can l ook for,·:a r d to J.935 YJi th increas i n 0 confidence , y ou , a Fifer , oc cupying so prominent a posi t;i on far• from h ome , a n d I sti l l in my native Count y , a n d I just ,-.,ish to say t ha t l,1r . Re i d and his son both join with r.1e i n my expr e s s ion of t h an.tcs and of s ood m.she s for 1 955 . Yours s incerely. �December 1, 1934 C. C. Ca rlo z,, Esq.,, :!!anat;ing Director Fife Coal Com.t,1@1Y Leven, Fifeshire, Scotland Uy dear llr. Carl<;>n: It has been some time since I h ave wri tten you. ~ any t~i ngs have ne eded my- attention, and I have hesita t ed writing to you also so that I mi ght have a n idea of 'wha t the Coal Code has done for us after some t i me has elapsed. Lookin g backward o ver the first few \'leeks of t he Co de , it see:ied a rather revo lutiona:cy thing , and many o f the Coal Operators were frankly opposed to it. I -really think i t has done so~ethin£ f or the coal business, inasmuch as i t has cut o ut cut -throat co mp e tition, continual bidding for bus i ness ::ind s_elling coal below co st, and this year 1 kno\'J, in this vi cini ty, comprising District V of the Ro.cky Mountai n States , t.rie cororrnrcia l operators have really made so me money, al though their production bas not incr~ased perceptibly due to the very mild weather condi ti one. The worst thing we have founa is the ~egulation of hours. In this p..,.rt of the country. there are no indus tri es , nothing but the coal mines, the result being that, under the eight-hour day , six days per week, when peak production occurred. men ,1ere allo\·,ed to v1ork this much time , 'a m some over-time . In the period of lo v1 production, curing the summe r months, they went in debt to the me r cantil·e sto res, and then. ciuring the winter montp.e, <iue to the privilege of u orking over- time, they maoe more t han .their expenses, paying their delinquent bills, with the result that they gene r a lly finished the year with their bill s paid a nd sometimes \"Jith a small creo.it ba1ance. This year has been diffe'rent. \'ii th the'five-day week very rigidly adhered to, the men have not been able to mak e as much money and are therefore not very well ea tisfied. !:!i:any of them wo uld prefer to .go back to at least the a-ix-day Tieek , with seven hours .1,1er day . .Neither lui.ve the Operators oeen satisfied, as our i>eriod of peak prociuc tion lei.eta but from t\'10 to three months, �2 and with the reduced output, uhich amo'lJ,n ts to about fourteen per cent, consequent u 1Jon the institution of the seven-hour day, it ha·s been necessary for our Operatorf.l to go out and hire additional men to t ake care of the peak load. The other nine months of the year, they do not require these men, v:ith the result that retaining them in the servi ce reduces the annual eaxnin6 s o:f the othe r er.1vloyes . Ur. Eugene McAuliffe, the President of our Company, cmo. a numbei· of other Operators mac.le the request of the Code Authorities that for ·twenty weeks of the year the u ork y1eek be extended, but this received scant consideration in Wasbini:;ton . I am attaching herenith a coJ.JY of a brief gotten up by ~ r. :.IcAulif'fe, as Chairlill:..n , -r1hich shoYis very conclusively the l&.rge s1>read in operations bet\'1een our low p:roauction an d our hie)l. pro~uction -in the Rocky a ountain States. llr. llcAuliffe has developed ·so me splendid arguments against the continuation of the shorter· \'.ork week. This has been filed v;i th the Code Authorities. I think, hov1eve1', that •.:1e have p~bably reached the point where both daily and weekly hours ,:ill not be rec.uced further. The thirty-hour r,eek has been a. \'7ond erful rallyine; cry for the Labor officials. to obtain members f or their 'Unions, but, .lllt.hough we ·nev er know what Congress v1 ill do, I believe the point h a s been reached ~where the Administratio~ realizes that to reduce the hours v1ould a l so incxeaise the co st of production greatly, making, it s ti 11 harder to corat,1 ete ,1i th other fuels , such as gas and oil. \71 th the election out of the way, there seems to be a better unaerstand ing between Buain ess and the Ao mini stxa tion. the Govemment seemingly no\7 des i r ine;; to go a lon€; with Ino.uutry in E..D orderly wey in an attempt to bet the inuustries going on a more stable basis. Ue still have many unemployed, and the Government ·,7111 no doubt spend a great o.eal of money fo.r relief this winter, the Government plan evidently now to, as far as possible, get away from relief work as soon aa they can and let private • industries take over the load. \'/ hile there is not a great deal of improvement in industri a l conditions, the trend seems to be upward. Our Company mined about 300,000 tons more this year than Y1e did last year, bll:! the trend of the Commercial Coal Comp.mies is a lso upward. While the benefit may not be per-· ceptible, the f<lct that we ere on the up-grade is encouragir~g. Recent elections indicated a.rather sueeping D_emo-• · crati c ma jority, but the .majority was really a non-v artisan one, inasmuch as people seened to feel that the only hope for �3 .the country lay i 11_ .;o i nb clong ui th the Government in work ing out the pl211s they ·have i n ~ind . !:Z'lny of the Republ icans voting Denocratic to acconpl ish thi s. We bad an exceedi ngly yl eas~n t v i sit i.-1 i th Dr. Willi am Reid of your Company. He ear: e. g rea t d e:,l of the United StE>tes and of its industriei.i, W1Ci 1 kno\vY1ill bave talked t o ;you by this time a.bout h is io.p!'essiom;. TTe were g r eat ly vleased to have hio, ana the e.xcbnge of i dec1s was mu tua lly oeneficial . The Doctoi' made each minute count, and seemed to me to lose no 013portuni t y of a cquiring a lm0i.'7l edge of the conditions in this country. Of course, our operating conditions are not entir ely sir:1ilar ·l;o the British J.)ractice , but I am sure that some of the developments here c an be inco rpo :rated in some of your ope r atio ns, ana r.roul d no c:toubt be benef icial . I was pleased to kno w that auring the summer Dr. L. E. Young, Operating Vice ~resident of the ~ ittsburgh Coal Com1-1sillY, visited your !Jl'O .i;>e rtie s in ?if e. I lmor.1 Dr. Young i n timately , and he is a ver-.:1 hit,;b type of o!-'erutin 6 of f icial. I hope thE. t y ou had ru1 Oil.POrtuni ty t o meet him . "'.le had a _particula rly mild winter last y ear, ui th a tranendousl y dry SLU.mner, cauei ni; a great deal of sufferinf, froo drought in this desert country. Thia year v,e seei!l to be returning to the hea~ enow falls o:f formei· ye a rs, c:.s \ 'Je lllive already had a great deal of snou. The p:.n::>spects are exceedingl y bright for a t!,OOd sup11l y of VJa ter next summer. I shall be g lad~ indeed, to hea.r from you at any ti me th&.t you find it convenient to writ e, and would be 'much oblie,ed if you i:;ould give my coml,)liments to :.ir . C. C. Reid cilld Dr . -,iilliam Reid. "J:.y kindest regards to yol.ll' self, and may you f in<i the Chr.L stmas and New Year season a happy and p leasant one . Very sincerely yours, orwior.1 S \.,ned: GEOHuc. s. PRYDl �" '-~EGR ~ MS: fCARLOW, PHONE. LEVEN'.' ' Fl FCOL . GLASGow:· • F- ~--L \ i' ? •• '\;:., ~ TELEPHONEN~l61 LEVEN (4 LJNES) ,.. I £Jjfo~~ ~ H EA D OFF I CE , 5th October , 1933. George B. Pryde, Esq . , Vice-President and General Manager, The Union Pacific Ooal Company, Rock Springs, Wyoming, U .s .A. Dear Mr. Pryde, I am greatly obliged by your letter of 19th September, which arrived dl.;lTing my absence on a fortnight's holiday. It is very interesting to us here to learn the detail of the plan which your President has outlined for the • operation of the coalfields of' America-. It is somewhat of' a gamble, and certainly will be a great upheaval. Difficulties are certain to emerge, particularly at the beginning, but al.most certainly, also later on, and the se , I think, can only be solved with patience, goodwill, and a desire to find a solution, exhibited by all concerned. Restriction of output will be effected by the restriction in the hours of labour. In our country, as you know, we definitely restrict the number of tons which .each owner ie permitted to raise during each quarter of the year. This is more definite than restricting the hours of labour, as increased efficiency will almost certainly result, and the tonnage of coal produced may not be definirely altered. You will doubtless find enormous difficulty in regulating prices eo as to keep each colliery equally employed. This, I think, can better be a chieved by allocating to each owner a percentage of the coal to be raised and sold in his district, penalising those who exceed their percentage, and compensating those who fall short. Whatever/ �~ -..·-····...Ge.o.r.ga .B.....Pr.y.de__:, ··..Es.q ...:,,... Rock. Springs, ..W.yoming, ~~~.............2 .. . U . S.A. Whatever scheme is· adopted will, I think. only ultimately succeed if the operators wish it to be successful and cooperate in spirit.as well as in letter. That is the difficulty which we have here. Any a.mendmenta on the British Scheme can only be carried out· if eighty-five ·per cent. of the owners - judged by tonnage.. are in favour, and, unfortunately, there is generally a minority of more than fifteen ·per cent. who desire personal freedom, and who generally find arguments which more or less block any progress. The coal trade is so intricate and complicated that a ·code of regulations is nearly impossible to impose upon unwilling personnel. There is always some way out, or some way of rendering the scheme ineffective, unless worked with goodwill and~ desire . to succeed on the part of at least ninety per cent. of the opera.tore. We shall, in this country, watch the progress in America very careful1y. r ·take it that the President has practically arbitrary powers, whereas; in our country, Parliament will only move provided eighty-five per cent . of the operators are in favour. Although this vital difference exists, I venture to think it wiil be found that the President's dictates will not be effective unless some similar percentage of American operators conscientiously endeavour to make the Code effective. It would appear to me that your Company, already having adopted modern methods of negotiating with your workmen, as well as doing other things, will stand to gain through the operation of the Code, as it will bring your competitors in line with yourselves. I hope this will be so, and that you, personally, are keeping well, in order to deal effectively with the difficulties which will, almost certainlf, emerge. Yours faithfully, �Se!) temb er 19 , 1933 Mr. c. Au~ust Carlocr , ii&nati nL Director The Fife Coal Company, L i rnite6 Leven, Fife Scotland Dear llr. Carlo\"i: I read ,.-1i th very £,reat interest your letter of AUf;ust 16th. and o,-n 6 lad to knori you are acquainted YJi th !!r. Peter Dun sire . ~ith recar<.l to the Inoustrial Recovery Act,! am enclosin£ herewith a co py for you, I am al so enclosing a copy of the text of the Coal Cod e a.s sit:.,ned last night by President Roosevelt, tof,ether with a copy of our present Agre~ent anci wa~e scale with the Uni tee. Mine r.oi·kers of .America. I am acivi sed, however, that two g roups of opera to rs, those in Kentucky anc.: those in Alabama, h~ve not yet sif ned, a."lc. are holding off for lo\'1er \'!age rates. You \'/ill note quite a disparity i n the i·ateQ, the hope being at ·the start that there ,1oulo be n early uni1'0.zn1 \·;ag,e rates, but · the Gouthem states have ccnsiste n·l;ly held o ut for a much louer \'1 age scale on account of much better living con6itions in the Gouth, that is, a more equable clicate than in the llorthem part o f the United States . In liorthe rn Colorado. al so, the rate is ~; 5 .OO per oay , ,vhile in Southem Colorado they y1ill pay C5 .44 per o.ay. One Compm1y in Colo ralo at _present is 1,1aying t 5 . 25 per ciay, anc, this rate· no tioubt r.i ll be continued. The iilll!letiiate effect of the N. R.A . v1ill be to Unionize all of the coal fields. The United lline workers of .America, the <.ominant coo.l mining trade union in this country, \'.J hich has been los int> members largely since 1~22, ,,ill no\'J be able to increase its memberahi_p very materially, o.a the !rational Presiaent, :tr. John L. Lewis, nae been sitting in \'/ith the ~ing of the Code ana agreements. The n .R.A . will not affect \'lyomint, to any appreciable extent, as the State of :lyooing has been fully Unionizeci since 1~07, ~nc. we :have been pizy inL a comp~i·a ti vely high basic WE scale, ~ 6 . 42 ,Per <iay. We feel th~t the comm~rcial opera to in :1:,·ominE; will benefit to some extent from commercial sa] bec&-use of the fact thut Unioniz in& will bring higher cos �" Mr. C. AUf,ustus Carlot1 2 both in increasing v,ages and i n payment for conc.itio ns , which will increase the mining c osts in the two sta-t es competing with \'iyoming qui te vi si bly . ~ ith rebard to the Uati onal s ituation: It looks as if the larger 1)roducing states of I llinois, Ohio ana Pennsylvania v;ill reco ver no:Je of t heir markets lost to the South on account of a much louer Yiage scale in the South anc. their being non-Union. Of course the n .R.A. ·w ill not increase the total a~ount of the coal to be marke ted. 'IY'hat everyone is trying to co a t th e present time is to increase _p:ro <..uction ano sales to the ~oint they uere four years ago. There h a s been a very great recession in output s ince the boom days of 1J29. J any in this count ry, like the people in the British Isles , are wonaerint:, how the .I.LR .A. is e,o ing to ,,ork out. Thc:. t is a q uestion I woulc not attempt to answer., out we de, kno -.\ this, that things cannot be worse, not only in the coal ~.:iining inaustry, but in a ll the othe r inc.ustrie s , than they have been in the 1 ast four years, and all are hopeful that some benefit \"J ill accrue fro m the ai).Plication of the 11 .R .A. I i., ill say this, t ha t there is very little Poli ti cs being talked no,;. \7hil e President Roosevelt is a Democrat, the leaders of what has been the dominant party in this country for y uars, the Republican party, are a ': :>staining from critici sm of the IJI'Ogram, and are all tryine to be helpful , hopine, th.at at least some benefit will accrue fro m the a_t>plication of this act, 2nc. that a contagious feeling, .o ;f .confia.ence \·1ill be established. The results are largely psy·cholck-.,ical , v,1i th people E,etting into a better frame of mind. .No one kno 1:;s of any better plan, and, uhile ~resident Roosevelt's plan may not be entirely free from criticism, the fact th&t no better plan li.as been advanced h a s led l)eople to believe that his :pl an should at least be g i ven a feir trial, a nc the larger number o f people in this country are getting behina the pm gram. There is some improvement in general business conc.itions in the Uni t ed States c. urin6 recent months. \'l b.ether that be from the natural economic conaitions. or from the effects of the Recovery Act, I am not prepared to say, but the fact re:nains that business in most lines is improving. • The national Recovery Act embodies many revolutionary thine:,s, many things to which, a fe-c-1 years ago , fe\·1 people v1oulc. h&ve i;iven their a.C:herence to , ana al.moot everyone realizes th&t it is a great e:xperiment, but, 1 0elieve, out of it a ll will co~e so~e good. There may be p.l:laees of the Inoustrial Act that will fail, but, by anc large, Americans feel that any b enefit s to be derived from the a,iJplica tion of �:--, '- llr. C . Au0 us t us Car lov, 3 9-19-33 this act \7ill more than cou:1te:;:act a ny falling oovm. in some instances. National confidenc e is a nonc.erful thing, a nc. if this can be res:.ored, a great :.:iany t:hinga will automatically correct themsel-ves, but, a a I stated before, coned tions are improving c:.nc. people are f eelinr.; bet te1 ~ end th at v1 ill help the TI .R ,A. very considerably. No one can cieny Yresidcnt Roosevelt's sincerity and courage, anct that is one :·e ason I believe wey the people of America are so solidly behind hiril. 'l'hirty or sixty <1aye from now, of course, \·:e r:ill be in a better position to uay what ie goin1::, to be accompliohed, anl I shall be glao to keep you acvised. I hoye it may be possible for u:;; to meet oome time, anc c.iscuss m~ny problems of mutual interest. I thank you very Buch f or the pamphlets sent me, a s I foun~ them very interestin£ reac.inc• I still like to keep in close conta ct ·1.:ith oininh conc.itions in my native country. ':lith kind person~l rei;ards, I am Very sincerely yours, �-2 )',:_~EGRAMs:-(·cARt.ow. PHoNE. L!!:veN·: ( FI FCOl. . GI.AS Gow:· l Fr FCOl. . LONDON :· AUG 2 1933 ,. '\i'PGE'{ ,, TEL E P H ONE N'!? 161 & 162 LEVEN cJ/4y~~ ~ ~ HEAD OFFICE, ~ Y Y / / l/, ~ 16th August, 1933. George B. Pryde, Esq., The Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springe, Wyoming, u.s.A. Dear Mr . Pryde, Thanks very much for your letter of July 13th , which is very interesting, and I am always glad to exchange views. Regarding Peter Duneire, I remember the man very Be we.a manager at one of our pits e. good many years ago, and ultimately went to the Wemyss Coal co., owners of the Wellesley Pit. I liked the man very much. well. With reference to the National Industry Recovery Act and the elimination of cutthroat competition, this is a subject which interests us on this side very much. Perhaps you could let me have a copy of the Act itself and a few remarks as to how you think it is going to operate and how the cutthroat competition is going to be eliminated. The German example is always before us, and we have been trying to work something out in this country in recent years, but with very modified success. Any views and opinions from American experience and practice will be greatly appreciated. The difficulty here finds its roots, I think, in the natural individualism which exists, and with some 1,600 separate owners in Great Britain, ' eaoh working under conditions differing so greatly within each coalfield, end still more so as between each ooalf'ield, it is terribly difficult to get 85% of the owners to agree upon/ �:Yo.- . • o _'_ -· ··-···•· • -George .. B. Priyde, Esq."" Wyoming, U.S .A. upon any definite course of action which is going to mean restriction and interference with individual freedom. The grouping of collieries into larger units by amalgamation is also looked upon with disfavour, chiefly, I believe, from personal reasons. A man may be a Managing Director of hie ovm small concern, and may be very comfortable with his Directors. He may also have educated sons with the special view of following in his footsteps, and looks forward to a period of lees arduous work through hie sons devoting their youth to the job. In the event of amalgamation, auch a man might become merely a cog in the wheel, subject to displacement, and with a complete want of security and a sacrifice of the comfortable position in which he presently finds himself. Such a one has possibly got powerful influence in his district, and, naturally, he finds himself opposed to amalgamation. On the other hand, unless the number of units is reduced, the likelihood of common action is also minimised. It is all very difficult, and if trade gets better the likelihood of real co-operation will become still lees. It 1·s common ground that there is unnecessary cutthroat competition in this country, but the elimination of it is of enormous difficulty, and I would very much like to know how the matter is viewed on your side. You mention inflated valuation as being an obstacle 1n the case of amalgamations, and this ia an evil which must be avoided. It always seems to me to be the simplest course to arrive at relative valuations, each undertaking being valued in the same method, and the percentage of the total capital to be ear-marked to each Company arrived at in the form of a percentage, the whole naturally totalling to 100%. If these relative figures can be arrived at, the total capital can be fixed at a moderate and reasonable figure, the total amount not being important, because, after all, each Company would receive its percentage of the combined profit, whether the total capital be greater or less, but the real difficulty seems to be of a personal nature, and practically every district has enormous volume of opinion in opposition to amalgamation schemes, and they are likewise opposed to schemes for the sharing of the trade and the elimination of competition, for reasons which are very simil~r. The/ �I> 'c%,""' ·· 0:.......................... Geor.ge ....B . . Pr.y.de., . Eaq......... Wyoming, u. s.A. The copies of the Employee' Magazine a.re very interesting. One or two uompanies in this country publish monthly magazines, which are useful in many respects, but whioh require much organisation to make them a success, and I have never yet found time, among so many other interests, to devote to real consideration of the question. In my opinion, the original pamphlet which you sent me was of more practical utility, and this I handed to our Planning Department, and out of' which I hope they are gleaning usef'Ul suggestions. In regard to the other matters, I am enclosing with this a copy of the Eleventh Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board , which will show you how we stand in regard to hate, g~oves, and other devices for the minimising of minor accidents, and also the year's progress in many other matters affecting safety. Mr. Charles Carlow Reid, my cousin, and also a Director a.nd Works Manager of this Company, is a member of this uommittee. Perhaps you may remember Mr. Reid in the old days. ilso you may find something interesting in the Seventy-Ninth .Annual Report of the Mining Association of Great Britain, of' which enclosed is also a copy . Perhaps some day an opporttn1ity will arise for our meeting and discussing matters, which would be more satisfactory, but meantime I shall be happy to continue exchanging views by letter, a.nd wish you every success and prosperity. Yours sincerely, Enclo. (2) p .s. f') 'l'l Fn ·• {!I£ ,r·{:"c I . t: \.. . r tJ,'I,, L,~,,.,.£~ ~ Ua r: . 1 ~ ~-~ Since dictating this letter, Mr. Carlow has h'ii.d to leave the office, and it is therefore signed on hie behalf. •vi••-'.:, . i ;;,rii~ ry . - �1933 ... r. G. t.t\:ustus C=;rlo,1, A_~ •.,. . . . , ·•~~ C""r• .. - 1 . . • - - - " _ UV •r""' ... ~ _1. ,.., :~i fc Goel :!c::].--.:1y lc"Jo, r if o,Sco".;l aud Ycu □:ll· be c.c:ml"Oc1 1 \7C!> c~_..aclly -olc:iscd to h::.vc J,"Ct:l" l et·i;el• oi Jun~?~!., •..i~h your !:ind C::Jl'C::::ior::; ?£ ~ocd -.:-ill. :r !'C.::::J.bzr your !'~·~her -;O'!:"'J '.':'ell. !:a r:c.s vo-:y ~ro-:1 ,c::·~ i:i t!lc co:-2 ::.:.:.::1d:-:- .:1cn I c::::i a. ~-oa"I: uo:, \ ..> :.·!.:i:.1.:; i:.i the n ·nc:: i!.l ::"ifc~l1ir~ . I en 7;;'!'~· _loc.acd -~o !:;10·,: thc·t l'Ot! c,;:c c~1.·?'yln3 01: ·~he -~:,'.)r:{ oi:.1. ·iH.:t·~d by M .:i. :r !::11:-:- c. n-~,., :: aa~ar l>ytlle n:i.oc of Dunci.:-·o, \:;~'; :::--:...!:...:.1: •..H•.:.ctl ~or:;.:-:.::• f~-:·1cr ;;.n t:1c L€vcn t'iz~r:-lct. :-'o·i;sr tnn::;irc , ~- ~>~~::, • .. ;:; : i:::: :.·r.:ic;_c:- c..t -~ho ··,cllcnloy pi"i. . I ul:i c ra-;;~i.ld ho is nv • .!i:-.1.l . ":ou:." ~::)~:·ic~co •.. .:-:.11 ::':t.1lm11icnl I..ocdin:; ·~i=:~ ~~-·-~!:.....; =tntl :lou~~ --:::.::cl?c.1.:.::.c:2 !.c ..C:ln..., dc-,liccs p:-.1"::.llrJ.o cur ou1. .,o ·,.c:i.·c ~: .~.::c:: c.~ ·.:,..:.·~. ·'.;ho f i ::-o•:. -~::..:..:i ,'.~t::.'.ian dLNel::-pr,-1, :.::1'1 , liko yom:.;&f, ·.·<-:s·~ u:• .t:..: .:.,i..: ·2.o ~~clic·.:: tl1~·~ o:i::1 .,'!~·1~:~-::io·.:. . . c::i::rt:,~ i:1 our r.!l:::cs ~!l i.!1'1 ti l.~~ :L i:: :.:!~~.:..!, ~tr'u, 7 ith a. fc.c:.:;_, or '..i.c .fn cto by u!J. con~o!·:-:.ct 1.:0 h ::-.-;c :;-('-; y .::':,- Gt":d.::;fc:c·~0 ry pro~rc~~, ~ :~ :.uoit or ·~he f;ucceco of ou7.~ r~chci:ii~cl lo~G.i:1, :_1:-:,:.:1"-1:-: i o t:uo ·, o tLc .:..~ .: ~-~uj:c, =:--.ac. I l.e:\'Q in Lli~.: OJ;} c 1· <il.!l' ~ ..;t:•.".c·'.;.:; prouucio:; ....~ ut L: 1 ... ~0 ~:in::: L1cr clc.y, '•··:: -: , du rln:: t.hc c-:rl ~- dn~•::; of oar :..cchc.ni c:-1. l oc.C:ir.,:; c:pcrioncc hen~ ; i t oceec:! cw H c.11 ou~, prc:._I""...:.i r:uuld [O upon t.hc ?"C:~ . ..i10 :~i !l:! : anc~cr . ·_·bile c. c--:,::.bl c wn in ~he old ...yota oi" ::linin_, -C-:::J unc::,ucl to tho tc.::ik of o~cn:lrd;u t he ·-orl: un:lC!' tltr: n'.::v !;;y:J'i;o!:l, ai:cl ·.10 !o m~:l i".:; ncoc::icc.ry ·Lo r:ril nco hir- ,-:it~1 c. t ~'.,;i; c:- or~c.,ic c~· , •.:'it:1 th c l"'c:rult ~!:·:~, toGt~Y, t bi!; C.ictr-lci; ic o::c or c-:.:;,• :.~= i:. pro.:.uco!"~: end ::he ;,c::t o r:r-_ni_zcJ !'iot rict, and D!:o .. o "i:!lc bcr..t :,::::-ul~o ._.., ~-xo !mvin:; in nocl"~nical lo=:.cin.:, uni or VOI"J l>c.e ~,:.y.:::ic'-'.l ,:~::rl,::m:; c::i.:~.1.ucncr. ~ ~ : i .. I l; I t hin!: ycu !,c..'l:~ctl t:1 c r,t.~toi.· -i::-r:·:; ciiplott:':~ic:,-,lly iu :tc·~ hcvi n:; • ~he tir:o o1u:.: i c'.3 coc:::. to you1• uc::;l: Ul:ltil -~ho r.·inc :.-!'.neJC:.'.'.} t.c 1•0 ::bl c -~o sho.:r bo·~tcl· recult.i . 'lhi c ,.10 cu~ ex!)~.:.•lc!!::o, c.,.d it -..'r'.O c. :.::.:~·i.e.." of ht:mli .t:lon, I kno\.·, t:> r..;.;.:1:, of -;,he :'.:i.r.o ;,·.:..~c-.:;c::-.::; t o hr:sc thtnc ·i,ioo atudioo ohot: th c r-. !her llr..;l co11Lr·:.J.•. 11::, -~he~ c·.:ir.r,c-J in ·:::1c1 ... r.li:::co 1 ,:i.ci. -::o llc1 l felt d l P..l.o!:u "'.;hr.t '..he clm.c '. oi•c :.;0::.?t,; vcl'J 1.:c:ll Dr.!!e[;Od . ":'ho :.::ccl:.Em.<.:l'l lo:·t!i ?1_::; , -:lso. i::; c:,ifl-(; -~o call ior c l;c.,t·~c:r type of Dnc.,:e;r , Loc:r_uco :·1n:: : ...J:t:.,.e?'.: -;;,::> :.:''.:i ....c :::uccc::;d:.il t'r-1.ci• t!. _ 011 1.,ystc.u of w rl:i, .; , c!Lcn foll un:u l~'"?C. :r..bl y 1.m:ic: t .1c nc-: r::c!::,:utl•:::cl lc~Cin.:; �2 ubich r-~qu:i.l:'co .;i·c!:J.tor or.::;ncl:::atiou c.:-:1 C'.. continual ::it t cntion to <let.nils of or-.;::rni!!c:H·:rn. In oui.· ot.m expet·ic::•J~.: \ o :1.:-;::; m·t i'Qund thc~t. the !J.:111 t1ith c:ieinccrl11r; t1~ini:1~ !m o alu.i.yc boc.-: d,ln tn ncot the IlG':'7 co11di ·1;ion::i, r.h0Teo.o l:ino 7·~1cs_C!'E t::U;h ~c otl pruc t iccl -~ 1·.::.:i..::·:n_;, ,::;10 1, •.-.ve b0on \1illin:; to fol'[; ct auou·~ t:10 ,i1.d ::i:,-::tte;:: n.::d adapt t'1c::1::;cl·: o::i tc -~ho ;::en, h':vo p::-ovc11 quite ouccoosful i,! ou:.- opcr=::tions. I c;:, r.-u:'J '..:.ct ::i.th your c;;:pcrienco i i1 t1ce:.::nica.l lo !:din~ you h a,re ;:l ::o 1 C'!;'s1Ct! 1 a::i \70 i:1r.vc, tho:i; tLc ehe.ngi nL; of i.:u1 o:,' __;:,.r_\ :.r-:~:i o~1 :i. ".l Mt oll r,1 f'5.n r:::-:! ~. .:::: t-:; ruiy ncn.un, but i n.vol vee mnny i, or-'i;achc>c c'1.tl di :::;::ppoin:;r..0,1·~::i, :..::ri:- ·.-:-l·.;11 ~ tl~term:i..r12.t io:1 'i.o rmt the p;;·oe1·QD over, theTc io ::10 :.."e~c;on u"n.y it, ~:.:::10·;; b~. dono. i7o riro in t he niust of i? ro 01.~ l eos confusion i n tb o Uni·~ed St ates n.t tho p1"0::o:r1i t:l!.--:3 on accoimi; cf ; ,ho l:a:i;iomtl Imlustriel Ttocover1r Act, t1hich is quite r'<!·Jolutic:10t--f in sono re:;pf.:ito, b,t;; X kuon that ·~ho head s of all intluo'i.riiss c:r.:i s:i.!.1c0ro i!.1 t:;;•yi:1c.: -~c \ i OTk mrt soncthi113 fo i· the p 1-Gsont thc.:i; .....-1.11 :..~:dct r~COVCi'y in "[;bio COl.1~1"1:::'y. The bc.aic \:'U(?;O c;cclos t iill bo 2-dop t:?d ~ ;~·..c~ .s...ci.r::-,.m1 ::i.ntl D.inir,;uo ·,;o:,;•ldug houro ,.ill bo sot b.,- 1 2~-; du:l!'i11e ·~he c:c:·,;c!1c:,, c::1 nine c~yloycG :·n.n bo 0.llor:<::d io o 21;n.nizo U:15..on::; if -'Ghoy .so dc.:.i.ro. :i'he l a:tte:e tr.ill .::.o~c. effect us, o,s we h a.vc h::d a. •:.rortins e,:roe=c:1t ·L-:i.·~h ~h o !::-tl tetl ::ino r:orlc<.'lr:i of A.""loricn. ainco 1907, m.tl our l nbo1~ rclution:i h!:170 baf:,2 0::tr(;Bdly o:i:~i:Jft·ctory. 'i'o off~ce'i. all -~:1.i::i, tho cu-tthr-oe.t cc:::_)e•:;i tio:.1 rj.11 bo eli;:tl.111:.:~cd P.lltl ·th~ op Grotorc uill 0·1i.ain a i:.•~c.::c;n:-bl : i_l :rl'!::, fol:" ·;;!1cir prod.1.,ct, no, no r.:uttGr \""/he:;; tho buri::-.c:;3 no.y b3, •.::hC'6:: ~:t" it oo coal 8iai.u3 or any munufac·tur:u1u product. it c211r:0 t lon.:; o;::i.:rt i i i~ ~r.; ::o1<l lJclou tb('r cost of productio::i, n.11t1 cocl, :.<.-:! r.Jr.iiJ c2.se:::i, ior c.n l:::~·;;ci':tl<:::d period, hari hoei'l sold in this cou::rtry bolo,1 the co::r'.; 0f il:-Otluct:i.on, rrlth t h o rcoult thuJ.; I:ii."'.;?Y of the Co11):-_;1:i.c-; '-'.i'3 n cn1·ly bc.~r.1Jt , =..."?.:l c::ny bwo t~oae out of businem::. 'J. □ :::en:li.118 you today, u,1del" sep:2:.ra·~c cover , our ~:.:-;:_,l cyco ' r:-~o3:i.:'lc fo 1· tl'!e :.::..?:rt ::;GVC:111 C)ll"(.hO of thi 3 :;"Cf',r . J: feel yot: r:i11 lla interc::;~c1 in 1:::wcrln.:; t ,h,x~ ..-e u:;:-r-: <1 oin:: c..lon5 tho:;o l inso, 52 th 0 t-:o.y of u0tte::-- 1~i; . I en callilc1~ ~roU1' nttc:n·;; ion pcrticula.rly ·i;o ·;;he July nuubcr, c'l!:lch ::;l:o~ the !X.isults o f our Fir0t /I.id Fiold Dc.y, nnd um.~ Old Tiacrs' Cclebr:::~io;i. The Ol d 'i'i.mc:.-a' Orgeni:!ntio n consiatn of ct~-,loyc:J n?lo ha.ve be:on i:1 tho ocrvico of t h i o Com:9c.ny for tncn-ty ye:::ll"s or oorv. '.Thio ho.a been 2. rcmr~:a.bl e cucce:::c; ~ bcoauoo our l '.inin3 Dia tdc·~-c: Qi'"C c:uitc ,:idoly occttorcd) c.."!!l. i t r;ivco theu an opportunity 01100 each ycnr i;o !'_; Ct to{;o-thcr Cl'1c C."tcb:::.:-~o rcci.niccencoo . With -~he o.:1tl of our E:rrployc::i' :.::'.3u~ r n c, \?El clco c:::::.1 put over -~ho pol icio~ of tho Coo11criy to our o,,iployc::i . .. o ~re c,.uippin~ e.ll or oui' non •.,1th eoGtl c:::i in o nfor tc re:iuc-o oye il:ljuricc, uo ·.:o li=-.ve ha.d aooc very b£".t1 GJe injurie:J ; ·thic ln ccn11cction .:--lth our :;Q.!o'(;y pmcrc::!l. i'o llave, ,;10 bcliovc, 3011e lloyond r:h:~:i; 1:100-~ lJo::pmiir.:::i -=oultl do 1.l:, Ow"I)l oyin3 en ocul:l~t e:r.d tho:l.'"c::if·~et' h1J.v:i.1.1r.; the .:;oc:10~ fitte1 ~ 1.: cround -~c, au::tt en.ch i ncU.v:lduol •s eyoo juot 1:i.tc ·the e.-:crr:.~o cyo ._.lo.~~~~, 1Jub -,_-_;_t,i. t.hio diffcroI'!CO, tllut tho l c:·wc~ a.!'-:: n=.cl0 o f vc-,:y hc:ivy cic.oc to p:"cvcn·l; tho zln~oco boinG brotea by n blo-:1 fron c. ::,icco of cool or- ru.;y o-~110r ol>j cct. 'i:o h(WC :):--.icl tbc1 full ir,i·;;irl coot of tho c::r..:tln:-.t ion n.:1:l tile 3oe:).c:::i; ·l;llcrcr.f-t~x• the ncn :-•nJ::t 1:ocp up thoir o-::n ,_o_._).c::; i f ~:1c~' ol:ould l oco or dc:.itroy ·:.hc:J . •;·e ho:i o to ::...c colJ!)lioh �3 r.uch by- ·:.:1io i a:!:r;~::.-;;ion, c.:..: ,:o !-:) ~ ·::o ~n •~ ~lir"..ln:,.tc ·the oya c.cci do:n-ts ily tho u.:::;o 01 co.._.~lco. ••. o !11r o ('U-:; c'!c·.~ o..~::.~ her-.~ ~- ~--= .:.c ~ .:·· ~-.:.ly ,J"J ·'.;he t!.'.:O of hn1\l h~~::; r-;JC~ f°c:l-~ inj:.:~i~~ tly -~·-a t:~c o ~ !r:.:~ __ .. £"21uc . ....... -~ .... .. J .. _,. _ ., _ ., ___ .._,._ r !!opo you '.:-lll fid .:::ij ' :,~=-~ :Ln ~-,.di:~_; tho;:;o c•op:i.cn of om· :~ d : 3·.~1.::. •. C ~1.: ~ ,,• ~ ~.:.:~:! ..' ·: :} 1 ~ ~1 ...: tl i.; :·r-'3n~~:tn.:, i,o jOU ont:!!y i!' ~-?u e:; ~ c~:- c . :::m ·d:',;h rc.;.:~m:l ·io !,On:· ~-:.,c:·, •_-:10 :->~c-~ic:ll ;·c.nccon:nt oi Collio:~y Ccnool ic1:-.tion) \.jic;:~ I :::._·llA'CCi.:-:tt. vccy !::ucll you1' :;c:1:ii u.::; no . ! m...~,u z-c~tl i:; :2"::J) c. ~:.'c::~ u~--, Q~ !.~:;:;:-~=r~ . "'!lollio:r!· _;Oil.)Ol id~::Gio:J!J il:!7G COCll i:i ·1;!rn v:.?blic Oy,J :i.:1 ·i;h O ..n::.-~d :~;;c·i;o~ fol~ i_ui tc ..'.', !'Ul:l:JCr' of yc:).l..' J, ~;u '.; 1:.i!i'o~·tux\"i;oly ;;!10,::: c ;.-c.. L~.r:y ~~::--'>blc:.1::: that r,:..·cv0nt conool idctio:1. I ~ ~ :.J :,-ou h: xe ·i;c.ctlcd ·L!l'.) i.1~bleu o f ccn:::ol::.tl~·~:.c11 s:> :,ld.::1:;) .:.~..2 .,:.th ...-. :~ukn~!J:; -;;:~ ~ i c :::.c·~ :.:L::.:r~ i'ouml ~ dl:..!un.ion:; of thi.5 :_u::!.:·:.ion. '.:'.1le?ro 2J 110 doubh t!1u·::. coll:.1.c.:?y co noolit1ot:-.on::: c~! ::,1,; oi ::;rc!::..t J3:!~f:!.-::. ·:o ::.c r-od. i:1~l :i: hey 1 pc.1~icnl a :dy -.,hore c. c :ou) o-: ) !\)~' ::Mi:.l. cc iu :::~ :.:::.c. Q::r~:~~t cc.:1 lio cenc::,1:;..:c:.,.tic:~ ., ·Ghi~ !.'C!;ul·~i!1'-, ~= Jon ~-~o.to , :L:i c:i :.·~:1:~...:; ,:o•:r-1 -~!le cellin:~ c::z,cnsc.a , c.n:l ~):11~t5.eultsly • .i. t:1 ··.:·.:, " -i .:!::o:t. i~..).t~u o :i: lc::ce:J. •.l::i.l e t:? hive n:> co:c1Solidcdo11s i :~ ~ld. • i.i.cl d, ·;,✓ Imvo fo-;,:::1 ~:t -~.jLJ _:·i~:-~a.:;~ouo to c.::ch.."-.u~c lco..!:c~ \.itl1 our .:(~ ~h:-c:.·~ . '~1~t i::> • .:? c:'c :;,;!._, c·~t: ....:: co~!l:!.:.1:; he~ _>roy,ci-~~" t.~ j,~cc:1-t ·le. oa:..-- . ·.l ··- , ·.:~ !,. vo ~o~:tl :.·~ : .!-:-:.. . ::..~~-::.~:!c ·~o 1 ~ -nc ·~:1i0 p:~.. c:10 c,f :rou:;Li f:·c::. ·~~- ~ . .. ·.=·~ 1·:j llr'!: Le:::: .. ~jLCC:.1~ ~D o·:c o i fJUt;" .. il'lC~, ?.~..,.1:-J1n.1~;;.,in:._: i.! .. C~~ , :r 2. .. ·.:~_ "CO •;;J1~ r. r>::..~cc c~ ~·.::.~ ~o:..1 l~~d ·:here i"~ :ta cdj~co~1t -:;,J ·t!Lc ~· .::~J.1ot. '21:b hno cc.•1~ c. .:;:'c::.~ ..:c.:~ of co::-.1 b:; .-J.lc·.J.b._; ·l J :;o -~~~c ou·~ ·::i.~ ·1.., l":::-ie~" pillr.1'Zl, ~= '2.'h-::ro i..; :co r_uc:;-~i(n, c:i.·~11c!.", ·;;h ...t b:,' co:1:-;oli.::o:~fo1-: t;. lJo·;;tcr .!o_t c:.": L'-' :..:.:-~'i·:.:.i.1 Q~ 1 bocnu.;o you ,k::, co~ C:Ol'O cc.1:ccri;r--..1.·i;ctl c.::::1.-::;c:.1::1t, crxl c:r;; c.:..,.; :;u,c?.·f:uous oHici::l 'J . 'TI1::1·0 ~:ro ci.,j~i::·t::i.o!.,..; •;; r.., ~his, of t.:Oi.:r~e 1 ~ ,..: ·.:i~i'c concolit.;n"Gicn hao uoc::i ~:::ma i:i thio c:-uw;;:.7, ·".!io chief ol>:Jtc.cl o !-::!.c 00:!1 the pra.cUcc o1 t..::.1:--J CC::J!>Clnio: to pu-~ u: ~ ·1:i:· ~,ropc:.-i;y , c.t c;: :i..t ilt..~:.:l -;;...l'..t:.t:i.on, ::!. vulu.~.tlon on ·::!1:1.ch llO :·cal:.=~;,ic·1 c:-.:1 :,o h.:.d cu =.cc~ ....1~ of 't:1C; ;: ....l.mo i>oin...; plt~ccd cn~i rol :, t~ c !1~)1. _:i:.1 ·:.:: ::re io th~ dli f C;:' .::.1~0 i~1 ~ho p!iyoic:u -.., 1•:: in_; oc L.E ..tiow:; of ·1.::!0 :_:;..1c:; , di!:.' cr..:nt r;rr:.tlc:, of cocl , old end hi::;h- coot pz-oportic::, cocrLxtrcd •. itll ccr..::i~.1·:::.ti vely nor. nine:; d.th ..l l o·_· :!D:::t, :-r..d 1,hc .:u·J.:..lli!\_;::c.:;:J of :;one co:,} ..li".l. ~ :; -c·:> lo::::c 'L:i r :i.tlc~i-~y by i>cl.c_; c:ir:o i~e:.1 b o. c:rn::'.ilitl~t:.0:1 of ~::1;1-:; ::i~1d. 'lho a?Oint you rn.-.rlo uho·.:t f•;cu ci-.x~inJ po·:.;c:;.- c..·t n l o.:cr coot on ::~c~u.."":".~ of ~ C!n ~-·.... l :J'".;t_:;l~:1 _ i!l G.:.l c::oollc1l~ o:io, t.!; ....:c ii~, ..-.,n h·-r.~ tllJ.·~ c::,crimc:;; :b -~h.l~ f'i~u . ·,."!!c un:~., :?:::ciUc C!>o..l Co.:i9~,y.:. :.~.. ~::.:. l :lrc;c:.i·~ opor;!.tiu::; co::i_n:.n}' .i.n thin i'i olc1 , :1::-10 c. .::c:.r~l·~ po,::c;;- pl::.,,;; c.h ':c..:k .3pt'".l·1:o, •.:'.J.ch not o:il.y cu.,.llic3 nll ou::.• O'..:l. ~)rop c~•,;:i....o ..1:th pcr.:ror, :.u•ii 1 \;1:'.;h a fo':1 cxcq> tion:J, !;Uppl i{.;: :po•.:,~~- ·~o -~h~ :l.i~tkr,c:lllc:.ri; co □:1.1.nico i 11 ·:;!.i:: ci;;.. ::r~l'ic;t, ao -;-;e er: . :,..:_.1,1~· ~!~c::J. ;c·-;.;:- fro~ our ua:"i:,1.._'.l :..~Ltiou 1.r.!CJ c:. ..:::.1) ~r- ·~l:lui thoJ CC'.U ~~•k?°0."L .:..t e".; thoi..· n:;~,cc-~i-:o Jb;r'..::, . �Som no;.•o _:ocJ po in·~a ycu :-•--.T:o c;."O, r:i. cor.ria.·.:11 chop fo1· rq:,::tl~• "i"."C>~k, a.:r} n oc:r;;r...J. pur.:i':QdU:: :-::·:1~;, t:-:,o, lmyin,s for 11 srou:_? o.f s i .ncs, can c m.• ·tcinly pu:r~!.:J.oo wuoh chc-::;,o:.... -~.}_:::_ ·:,Le i!1c1iviuucl coup::mics pm·chc dae; their or-n ~'l.?J.)lJlic::n. ':ibe O!"[C.rtl.r:ction yo1.: cc:·;; i;_;J et:.: oi' f.:CC1r.c:i.n~ D:i.1·ccto r' o ::rt e.ff nml -tho Ge:icr~ • -0r;r !'_.na,:m.--• c ~:ri;~'.'.'f, :l.. c:: cut:!.rcly so.ticft.ctoI';i ouo~ in ny opi:tlon, ~:1d io ii: li?l".> d "i;h t!.~ c:::.: :;.,_•~-occ of J.::x-c;e propcr,-l;i t;e: i1'l i;his com1:'.;ry. Yow plcn to ecto.blish c. cc::-;;::,,..:J. cr,;:)lo:1/TilC.:'.li bm·co.u :ls c.n on-~i roly fec.s.i~le om . t~c hn.vo he.cl rn:~b ~, 0..:i·c~::.1 io:r ntout eicht yB~i·o, o.ml it has ·corltc..'d out c:,et, :mtisfr.cto:.•:il:,,. :'?3.:::.· fo t hc.t time , caoh i.i.;1r; ;-,~,.,.a.~ cn~ ::;d cct,stl hio crc:n helv, ,..:.10. -::·e :~ot i ~to ;~ny clH fic"ill t:i.eG . 'i11cr0 '-3-3 n tod ency o~ t1rn p..-:.......c; of the LJ.no :.:..n'.:!.[;:.l.i.' O u:, employ th ci:c 1·0lnti vco oz· their £rlt;;..:.:1o . Oftrn 110·;; Duch cor:o:!.clern:tbn \:WO cJ. v~1 -;;,.J th o ebili'iiy of ·~he -:!31"1::'.!'J.U, but IY>Gtly to th c £;.~cndchip o:· 1~clc.tio1:1~hi~J o f t h o r2Ql1Q.(50r to the onv bd113 er:ployed . \ lri1c r:c net a. r:;rcnt d0l'\l of oriposit:loi:1 fro0 ou1~ :.'i110 :_:a1c£cr.::, on ·1:h e i11otitu~:i.on of ',,he mploym~ut dcpnr-1,r.:c::t, \·.1th the hi;::::.d ci ·~!;b c1cpartu:::nt rocpousilJ1o to the Gen0ro.l Oi'fico , ·c.h:.1.t objection h ..':.s <.m·;:;i,i•d.y Gic;~ppeo.Tcd and ao·~ ~1y of our- n:.m:igoro r:oulci r.otu1,a;1 to the ol d syct~n of o~loyin.:.; •;;!}e·:,. ot:11 nw1. . '.ale E11!_9loyn:cn·;; i\3e;'r;; k00~10 porsonal !"..:~o;;d ~!lls on each cq,loyo} :::nd tonclo to 'hl10 physical c:r:c:-.J.n::·: ~:.l.on of c:,n, ':"':1icl1 t:'O h::::.•10 hw.d in f'o rce for o.bou-~ ::::be ye.:.u~o, C:.i!! -:::J b:w<a fou!l.1 i'i; r.::ucb bci;·i;cr .:0 llnve en ::::q>loyrn01·~ .:iGe21t ctr_pl oy:i.ng racn -~hen fo n::-vo o. ~:.!:'.;.) er or !:!..'".ll ~e;..; or other of iicialo employin3 thei;.' oun c,n, hcc.:.uso, ::dto:.~ .?. i.)crlotl of ·ai::o in this pooition, the :~r.rploy-ll!E::-,~ /5...:1·;; hc.o a u ido UcC ,_un·i.ntx,1co awn;; a~plicnni:;a fo ;.~ uork, eu,;d !:no,:s ,.11.0·;-Jw :-· ·i;b cy e,;:,o cnpe.blo C:' =:rt • ,,0 8 0 on~ircly :::ol d Oil thio 3y:1t<:L1 , tmcl tlJUld :.10•;; 0-[sC:Ll GO b:-.cl: -t-0 tho :.:2·l;;!?cd of tho {:i £fer<mt hc~clr; of DcpnrLmoni:::i e::1ploy:i.n:; thoiir 0:::1 z:::>n; t!::i c::r~ i re cy.::tcn ia un::.ound. 2 7ou a·e on ~ii?c.ly d.J1t, too D in your vie'..-:o ::-c._;~i·<li u_ o. Pluming ~cr,:::.·:.::.~nt . Gf ccurao, t:"or:: Ghoultl be r,lai1.ncc1 d1c:.cL Lll.n~, o:: tho ,x!.O"GO in::..:..~:l ,:ri1;i'!:"_; in dt.y0 _"'Cne by \.::to on QCeDuut of 1Le1, o:f pl.:-.1.m:ln__: , evol"'),"'Ono ·rnri:in5 ·.;be proportico o.cco1'din~ to his 0,.11 vi.cm trlthout rc:UL--d ·~t:i tlle pl c.;.::i oi tl:::. .:i1fcl"cnt clcz;ri_rtc.onto. But ~-.:1th a. pl C'.lllin_; De,0.r-i;r:ont o.11 p~i:::i of tho or6 unlzntion arc coo;:-dinffi;ccl, 2 nrl l.:E:10:; cllc!:.d die:~ r:.-::,.y be c.eco:.1:,U.::l.ecl in opc:.lin3 up of nou tel"ritoI'y. CTJd po.rticulc.l."'l y •..:i. ·i;h 1·e5ci"'Cl ·l;o cooto. •..l1ilo it c~y be necoe::mr;J nt t:lrrws to codify ·i;hc!Je plc!'\G, a r;cmcr:-.1 pl an trlll to follorxd, ,:'hicil c.11 nny t;ork fo dlvc.nt~s;:i ,.:1:i;l'! i·clai.ion to 'the cntil."{l opcro:i;:lon. Cortninly m 1::i.reo opcrc:i;lon, Oi' oven c. ::call operation, today, should be -:r.l.t1;ou·i; o.· plunnin.: tlopc.r~::~·;;, ,J1e·i:!Jor i t io turned over to il:G .~nc:i-nccrin::; Dop~:M;c;.znt or -~o GOi :o 0·~!10::> Vcpm:.,.;r.:c.'l't, mit t ll~ !:::i:,i?l:lOl•ln: Dc,t:l'illCUG .nultl oeCJ -~o b~ ·i;ho p?opcr dopa..Mir::cnt of xi::t uimn_; or.::C'..nizo.tion to pl an Q E":.) ac it flQ.O bcc?'l tr.ti.nod to hruxllo probl c:io ol thio !'.:i.nd . I ros Glc.rl to nck thc.i thc::--c -c·na coco di CCUG!:l:'.!.Oll of· YOU!"' pa11cr ,;itl1 1.•c;:;o.rd ·:;o coota, a~xl ,.he.-!'.; ro~ulto micht be obtainctl in Tccluc:iag cooto t hrcu:)1 con::clitliJ;ion . Up ur,til cuout ~i~l'.rt. yGC.ira aco, nc lmd r. cogt chcot t..½ich enco out euoh amth. ~ of :-r; J::uii i7iO found thc..t ·tho info~wr.tion c.:lw.:.ntc.::;o ~c.!> uo bcccuac i t dc~lt ~,ith comth:i.n.:; tllr:.t h::-.d tro.napired �o.nf ollo,;::u l i~-tlCJ o):,o:,•~~,i-GJ r~-- :.--:..G. ui:.1_, :;o r cuuae coc:·~o . ~i'ta:,.· the re:::mlt:i vi' ·::.ho cod, ..,: 1.;,~"t;:; ucr:o t:20 ~1 r:--.ch :~ ::th, ·U10 D,moy ll~l: ~.lrc.:d.y b~G1 ::pent. t o l!:r.VO l:.:.c. ~'" d::i.l.y c:: n-~ ohcc-~ iri c c·Y'\rice for c..tout oir,:}rt yC:!.l'"D , :::.:1d -;;llio h::o been c. r cr:.:i.:'::c.· 2J f c.,tc>.:..';; i ,1 c1mbl:tn: uz -~o r-c<1uc0 oui~ cot.:·~t:', l.:ec::.uc:; t0..l n .no !':1:--..::~..:c:.--: ~::c n!l {Jffio inl o !1<'.\IC t.h .1 CO'.J~GO on ·:.J1cl~· dcc:.:o c::c'.1 tlcy, or__: •~~- o !.: £:.3~cl~ c;:,.r, !·nou :lf tllo:1;;• c:o otc nre 13otti:16 ou·~ of li:10, r.nd cu:1 -~·!:·c ·1::·'.;:'br: .ir:-1ct1inteiy to countc;..•~c·~ thi s , end to r-1~1 fo:i' Ct.. s·~ reduction.·.. :, i:::•c -~'lcy ~~'O :mt of l:l!.1a h1 rn !r tlcpnrl:::ent . ·t:e ...r~ c:~trcuoly t,ell 02.·i;:l.;::r::.eC.: •. ith oui- c1uily cof:°i; ohcd,, cud if you al'-o mt O::!Jloyin~ ihiG 0:;~~C:J: : •....-·. l C:: o·&ron!3ly ;."c.:io,~nmd cuoh u sy ston bcl:i:.3 pa~ i n-~o cf fed, l)~.z~icul:::.l."1;,r ...:·, e:..•0 ncchnu!.nnl lonc,i a:; apel"<ltiom:1 n.t"iJ in fo:.:·ie: . I o.::i ::;ul-•+~ti:c..,: these mt~1C:' ::enbliu__: CO!inell ';;D for , h 2.t they □::.y be ·,:01...:.;h t-0 y~u , tut: I ,,r.: ::-c-c:rid.::i.:; ctni:1 -th'.l.t ouch co1'l be c.cconpliohed oy ce::h.::n:l::lo:aon of coal i:.tln-:o , ~-.-±;;h co·ttcr coe1con·trotioD of rnr itii~ i'o~coo, ('.:::} cr.:llin5 for a M.;;icr ·i;!,-pC o:? 2t111{',:cnr.int th.::n U1 o olJ llc.nd l o::.t:in.:; .,..,.; '1Cc:J. ~~r,y I c~_-J.a aosui--e yDu of o y pl Gn.~1.n•c i 11 h:.::ia:d.u:.., f r.m:1 Jou , end I 3i1L!.l bo ..,,M, i ndo c!l ~ -to hcur i'1•0::;i you a.t c.11y t:"t.no . r~· e.1.1:r 1::!:-,..£;to1: cor:e9 up .:1.n ·:::::lo ccuntry r-c5c,:d:i.11::; Lli.ninJ o.llou·~ \'ID.ich you ·,.· oulu 1~:~ to kn:;u, I cl:ould De only too ._:l o.cl t o i'ui.'ltl □ll you •.:i t i1 tk1·i; iafc :~t:ii.e;t1 if it :iD ·.,i·~~n =-:l ViJ·~· s~~. It i s jm;-!; ·i;-;-:o yeur.:i ego I ,:~El in Sco·t10.n1: iu ·Jw ·; ic:l.fr:;y of Ii; GC;::.J.E: -::o r;;c; ·t,i.u:3 f lios ru!)idly . :i:. bcl c1 l G;;i c 1• fl'Ol'.!l r:,y fa·;;t;n~ yo!:!~crouy, c,:10 lives ia !'co.t ln:1. Ho a.tlviso0 ..:s u10 ·.:c~1-~}H:? i::i c:~;;1~c::dy ~:":'.!.!'. J th\;:-c. •.. e li:-.vo lm.u a o:Lr.ri.h~r• c:..p0deuco in -~i. • 0.:itcd S~c.ic::; -;,~~:1::i ::u.-:.:JG!' . ?t1e "Ccathor hu s uoon c:·~rcr.::)1 7 ho·~ . ·.:c 1~-10 here e:; ei.-: elo7u·!.::N1 of 6,252 feoli c.:.i.Jovc ::::en ltvol , m,tl· ~y;; ·~i~::.t <-l~i~i:dc tllo ·,-.-c:i.tile,:, c:i:i t.1,"c :1.::i 1~r..t!1or c:r?u.tic , buJ~ \!C h~vG ~m ◊:;.col~c1:·c clir.:.--..te l!or0 iu :;;~::tln.,:, -..1:1 I enjoy J.:i.vin:; bo1'c ·,13;.~; u11.cll . ! c:1 joy~t1 lw~:Dcl y oy vie.it l:oZJ 1 m.::1 11n.1'~iculu 1.•l~· :Jy rou;\iQll , ::l.th my 1·cl,-.-!; izc::: , iJ;,;.""t I 1!:l.VO l ival ~:;:i loj:,:: iu -~hia ~ountry to '!Jo ::;rr~i!:if i cd Hvin.3 :l:"2 "co-~l:::.i"il , aHhous h I h o~o I CT>..Y be 1x,mit·l;cd n,.._;eic ·Go 7i::d:i i oy n::i.tivc comr~17 ~ono ·i;i ma. yoUl· ho::,. i.:l~ kin1 porconul !'C3c.ror,, end ci.ilCOI'0 cood ,;::ic:10~, ! aD �2,648. ibe 'Snstitntion of ~tlininn <Bnninrrrs. u ....._. . - THE PlL\Ol'IUAL MA..~ \.G-.EMl~NT OF CULLIEHY co"-·soLIV.\'1'I 1):\~. A 1•.\l•Ct: l ~l:,\D JlI;P()l?J; 1HE lllNl!\G (X,Tlfl T.E or SCOTLA~ll u,· C. AUGUSTUS CAltLOW. G'ENEJ::\L )mi:;1•1:-;1; lll-:I.IJ .\'r ,; 1,.\SGUW, .\Cl,l,:.1' ;HST, l!l:I:!. l.xu:11n ri:1111 nu; i'11.AhM11msi- , ,1• ' I 'm· i-~n~1·111" .., )11~1•<1, l•:p,,111:.ritn,.,, VOL Llt.XXlll., l'.1.KT 6, '""' r. :!Is,:::.,; \ '"" 1,XXXI\'., l',urr :!, U1,,~ J'AolC 3:!tl1 Al'O ,·.. ,~ 1.X:'\ :'\ \ ",, l'AIIT I'"•'·" SO-tll: 1 '. U I T :;, I , I:'\ ((,, l.lJ~J,141S l'l:Hl,INJIJ.J) AT 'JIU: Oft'lf'(., IJI-' 1111-; 1. , 111 I I Ill~, CuvlL.Uio Rrn.•m. !!~-..,, f'tn Huu,, 1: < I 1 . T f(l'alD-h • ls!i'Tuuin, l'a,,.:u:. )A1!lit.HJ:O-. " 1', I I h•mr : •'I, rl.:rnw,•11 . ;r,. I' 11''TV• 11'1' ,\ !waa:w Jboli & f'«HU'A1'T, l /l't>, Si=wr:4,11J,-r·~oi.,'1'n.1, w:i:,. A II Righi o/ J•,;1,1,~atw ,,. Trvnilnl 111 "" /lr$nrrd l,g Tl1r: l1utU1,li1111 "} ~fi11i, !l l.1111111,., r,. �THE PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF COLLIERY CONSOLIDA'!'IONS. BY C. AUGUSTUS CARLOW. E �All k.ights of Publication or Translation are Reser ved by The Institution of Mining Engineers. THE PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF COLLIERY CONSOLIDATIONS. BY C. AUGUSTUS CARLOW. A.t the outset, it should be made clear that the object of this paper is not to discuss in any wa.y exhaustively the argument~ for and against colliery amalgamations, but to deal only with the practical side of the question, assuming that the grouping has already been accomplished. The expression " consolidation " is understood in this paper to mean amalgamations of all the collieries in a clearly-defined mining area, where the collieries are adjacent, and where the leaseholds adjoin. The merger of collieries which are many miles apart and frequently �1931-1932.) CARLOW--'l'HFl MANAGEMENT OF COLLIERY CONSOLlDATIONS . 3 in quite separate coalfields may be an amalgamation, but is not a " consolidati on " as underst ood in this paper. No attempt will be made to deal withThe ethics of compulsory amalgamations, as against fusions of a voluntary nature. Ca pi tal security a nd stabili ty. Benefit in price result ing from consolidations. The facilitating of the operation of marketing schemes through r educing t he number or owners in a district. The facil itating of the adjustment of lease terms. P ossible obj ections in regard to the restricting of " private enterprise." P ossible advnnlages in rega rd to the reduct ion of overhead expenses. Better p urchasing of mnte ri als, or Advnnlages a nd disadvantages of " Holding " companies as against the financial fusion or p resent owners. Ench o[ t hese qucslions is of su fficient importance to call for separate discussion, bu t this paper will be confined to matters of practical management, h adng in view t he getting of the coal at the cheapest cost oi prod uction. Tho fundamental and all-important matter is efficiency in production, and the present question is whet her or not the cost of production of the coal output of the country will, or will not, be reduced by the grou ping of all the collieries which already exist within ono natural conlfield, provided that the natural coalfield is not too enormous, and wo1·king them collectively under unified control. Much has been sa.id, but litt le written, on the subject of workingcost-per- ton as between collieries worked individually and the same collie1·ies worked collectively as a group, and it is only when the arguments for and ago.inst are reduced to writing, and the result laid open for cri t icism and discussion by persons qualified to give an opinion, that definite decisions of value can be reached. Certain large-scale amalgamations have not been successful, but whether this is due to the nctual cost or working the coal, to over-capitalization, excessive overhead charges, defective organization and management, or other causes, has never been sufficiently analysed or revealed. I now have the advantage of addressing practical colliery managers and mining engineers. I hope to express my views quite plainly, and look forward to the further advantage of your honest critici ~ Among the a1·guments which have been put forward as reasons why the cost of production will be adversely affected by grouping, the following have been mentioned:(a) Loss of " personal touch " and personal interest. Where the practical management of the collieries is in the hands of the owner, or the principal owner, the personnl interest may have considerable influence. If the owner is also manager or general manager, and is in personal contact with the workers, it is possible that he may get some things done more cheaply than otherwise would be possible, or that his organization may be better than normal, but the numbe1· of cases where these considerations would have much weight must be comparatively few, and the influence on the whole cannot be very considerable. Where several generations of individuals succeed one another in the ownership and control of an individual colliery, that owner may be likely to devote himself with greater assid,1ity and determination to make that colliery a success than otherwise might be t he case, but such �4 TRANSAOTlONS-lNSTITUTlON OF lll~u'\"G ENGINEERS. [Vot. LXXXIII. 11n individu11l is equ11lly likely to have a very high sense of duty towards any group of collieries which may be placed under his charge. (b) That the standard of management in the most success!'ul collieries may come down to that of the lowest. This is a suggestion which will not commend itselt: to the mining engineers of Scotland. The inference is that the management of a colliery with a cost below the average would take t he line t hat it is useless for him to exert himself unduly while others in simila r conditions had cost-sheets which compared unfavourably with his. o!y opinion is that there is no foundation fo r this suggestion, but, on the contrary, the rivalry in regard to efficiency would be quite t\S keen as 'l\'hen the collieries were competing together indh·iduo.lly. For my po.rt, I am of opinion that g reater efficiency and cheaper cost~ cnn be achieved by the consolidation of nil the collieries in o. considerable area for management purposes, a nd I fr ankly indte criticism of the reasons which lead to that conclusion . Local condit.ions must always be considered, but a mong the runny advantages of grouping of adjacent collieries may, in most cases, be included the following : (1) T!IE TB:Rouon-womnNG FRO:U ONE CoLLrnn,·s L E.\ SEIICJLO TO A.:-o-ruER IN Soon JJ.. 1.Ll.."l'NER as TO BRING THE CoA.L .Fno:i.1 A.N, P .\RI oF T HE CoMDlNED FIELD TO THE oIOST CONVENIENT PIT. This is an adYantage which will be realized in almost e,·c1·y ca e of the grouping of adjacent collieries, and in most cases will be of g r eat importance. Every mining engineer is familiar with t his phase of the question, which I need only mention here. It is not necessary to break barriers and physically to unite the wol'l,ings of the collieries concei-ned. Baniers may be maintained, but stt-aightened out and altered in position in such a manner as to securn g reatest efficiency and the cutting down of transport underground, both of men and of minerals, with considerable advantage in cost. In reality, it comes to the redistribution of the ,wailable areas of coal to be worked to each winding-shaft, lengthening the life of many collieries, cutting down underground transport (which every manager knows is a Yery serious item), reducing the length of airways and facilitating ventilation, and rendering workable certain areas in the immediate future which othe1·wise would be deferred for very many years. (2) THE ExoHJJ.NGE OF F AOILITIES UNDERGROt. .o, SUCH AS IN REGARD TO PUltPING, VE.l'ITILATION, ETC., BY THE CU'.l'TING OF BARRIERS WHERE TRIS CAN .8J>Vlu'ITAGEOUSLY BE DOl'.E. There is frequently considerable economy to be realized in gathe1·ing the water arising from several collieries ut a central pumping station and dealing with the bulk by large electi-ic pumps, rather than maintaining pumping plant, with the necessary attendants, at each collie1·y. 'l'his has been proYed on many occasions, and is a matter of importance wherever adjacent collieries are worked in one ownership. Central pumping schemes are in existence in many coalfields, and would be facilitated by the common ownership of the collieries concerned. Similarly, ,·entilation can often be improved, and considerable i:aving be effected in the length of airways to be maintained in adjacent collieries, by making suitable roadways through the barriers. The 0_0111 in the barriers themselves can frequently be worked, thereby }?re~e:°twg loss of valuable coal. Needless to say, there are cases where habihty ~o spontaneous combustion, or dangerous water conditions, may render it �1931-1932.) OARLOW-T~ E lU.NAOEMENT OF COLLIERY CONSOLIDATIONS. 5 wise to retain ba rriers bet ween each colliery, but these cases are excepti.onal, a nd mining engineers will at once recall cases where the 11nified contr ol of adjacent collieries has at once brought about considerable advantage in these directions. (3) 'l' nE J::.n: n oa,\NGE OF ELECTRIC PowER- SliPPLY, COMMON USE OF WoRXS BOPS, S Ton es, E T O., ,nID THE COMMON UsE OF W.aooNs. Tbe cen tr a lization of electric power-supply requires no advocacy. L a rger units worki ng at full capacity generate more cheaply, and less <:a pitnl is locked u p in spare p la nt-boilers, generators, etc., in a large stnlion thnn in seYer a l sma ller stations of the same aggregate power, while the maintenance of overhead t ransmission lines is not now a serious m nttcr . 'l'he Central Power -station a t Kelty Colliery, in Fife, is not now of the most modern desig n, but the cost per unit delivered to 1·olliorics up to H} m iles distan t, including generating costs-wages, ~lores, fu r nishings, coal, insun ince, general charges, etc., and including also trnnsiorma lion and tr ansmission costs and losses, is 0· 165d. per unit. The number of uni ts generat ed during the year 1931 was 05,0:34,000, and if 15 per cen t. be a llowed for interest and depreciation, t he pri ce per uni t within the existing area of supply would be about 0·3cl. Local gcmerat,ing-sta ti ons a r e much more expensive, and power from a P ower Com pany is wellnig h pr ohibitive, particularly in cases where the powc1·-consumption, through heavy pumping or for other reasons, is considcr nble. Central workshops and stores are introduced whl:!rever possible, sp ecia lly trni_ned workmen, with machine tools, particularly selected for recurring work and which can be kept constantly employed on specialized work, have proved an economy and experience shows that, with modern r oad t r a nsport and efficient cranage facilities, a breakdown job can be as speedily performed in a modern central workshop as in local workshops situated at individual collieries, and at less cost. Ca r eful costing at well-equipped central work.shops proves thut, taking t ime a nd materials plus 60 per cent. for overhead charges, coal-cutter parts, haulage-gears and colliery machinery of the usual type can be t urned out a t pdces one-quarter to one-half of the purchase price in the m arket . Definite cases in substantiation of this statement can readi ly be quoted if required, but t he saving can only be realized whe1·e the work is on a sufficiently large scale to warrant the installation of special machine-tools and to keep these tools constantly employed. Better control is also possible where stores are issued from a centre. The amount of dead stock is reduced, and road transport makes possible efficient distribution over a wide area. Much has been said and written for and against the pooling of wagons, but, so long as the control of the wagons remains with the management of the group of collieries owning them, the increased efficiency is undoubted. (4) THE CLOSING OF LESS PROFITABLE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF Mom;: PROFITABLE PITS. In e,e1·y coalfield, some collieries are naturally less favoured than -0thers. If each is in separate ownership, then all struggle together, endeavouring to make the best of existing conditions, and probo.bly few of them reach, in normal times, the maximum output of which they o.re capable. If grouped in one ownersbip, however, the collieries having the best natural conditions can be developed to maximum production, �■ 6 TRANSACTIONS- INSTITUTION OF W.NING ENGINEER$ . [ V OL, LXXXIlI. and, conversely, t hose less favourably si t ua ted , a nd perhaps near the end of their useful life, can be r educed in out put, or shut down temporarily or permanently. With r egulation of output in a district, either through the oper a tion of a m a rketing scheme, or by n a turnl rest riction of ma rkets, this situation is emphasized, a nd, un fortunately, these conditions are likely t o a pply mor e or less constantly in the near future. The result of such rearrangemen t must be a r eduction in cosl over the tonnage produced in t he district , and which cnn only be realized by grnuping under one ownershi p. (5) BETTER CONTROL OVER EMPLOYMENT AND WA GES Q umlTIONS . Questions of employment and wages a re not, perhaps, most. suitable for introduction in a paper pr esented to an Institute of Mining Engineers, but deser ve mention in r elation to the subject of t his paper. No one wishes t o rest rict t he freedom of employment of wor kers , nor t o reduce wages unnecessarily, but every ma na ger will agree t hat mnny difficulties would be reduced and the proper regula tion of em ployment facilitated if the collieries in a definite a rea wer e un ified under one control. All these advantages may not be rea lized in every grouping, but , generally, they will hold good, and, on the other han d, it will bo possible to add considerably to the lis t "ithout going beyond the limit of considerat ions which may be included as pertain ing lo practical management. ORGANI ZATION . It may be said that these advantages obtain only in theory, but. that, in practice, an amalgamation of such magnit ude would break down because of inability to control it efficiently. So far as concerns the practical management , this argument does not a ppea r to be well founded, and is probably adYanced without a full a mount of constr uctive consideration being given to the problem. For my part , I do not see any insuperable difficulty. Any pr oposals must be sufficiently elast ic to adapt themselves to local conditions, but the following constructive proposals are put forwa.rd as a general frame.work, which, when filled in with local det a il, will be suitable for the adequate control of the practical work associ ated with a ny consolidation such as is cont emplated in this pa per. The ultimate control must be in the hands of a Boa rd of Directors, of whom several, if the consolidat ion is of an extent t o call for it, should be managing directors, qualified for their duties of controlling the practical management. The number of these managing directors will depend, or should depend, upon the nature, e::s:tent , and complexity of the coalfield to be operated, and no managing direct or should be allotted a greater area than has, in the past, been found suitable for individual control. In the practical management, these managing directors would have to have a large amount of freedom of operation, each within his o,vn area. MANAGING DmEoToR's STAFF. His immediate staff might consist of : a General Works Manager, a. Chief Salesman, a Factor, and an Accountant, . forming, in ordinary circumstances, one complete administrative umt. The work of the Chief Salesman, or of the Factor (in whose hands �1931-1932.) CARLOW-THE MANAGEMENT OF COLLIERY OONBOLlDATIONB. 7 would reside the management of workmen's houses, estates, farms, etc., which might belong to the combine), or of the Accountant, whose duties are extremely important, do not full within the purview of this paper. GENERAL WonKs Mru'IAOEn's STAFF. What is understood us practical management would be under the control of the General Works Manager, and his staff might include tho following:Mines Agen ts, lhe number being determined by local conditions. Employmen t, Burea u, fo r the control of the engagement of the necessary wor kers in the a rea. Planning Department. Chief Bng ineor, who might also be responsible -for the workshops, central stores, central electric power-plant, etc. Sto1·es P ur chase Department. Chief S ur veyor a nd staff. T r a ffic Manager. Preparation Departmen t, responsible for the segregation, blending, and p rop arntion of the coal for the market. 1'he n umber of Mines Agents must be determined by local condit ions, but lhe district a llotted to each must be no greater than that which he cnn reusonul>ly con t rol. He should have as much freedom as is necessary for lhe efficient con trol of t he collieries in his charge. His group of collier ies would be in a defi nite area, each one adjacent to the other, which would be more advantageous than is the case, in many instances, nt p resent, whe1·e n Mines Agent may have charge of collieries scattered at wide inten·als, and sometimes in seven! counties. All the advantages mentioned above would be available to him for the efficient operation of his district, and he would be responsible to the General Works Manager for the cost per ton of the coal produced under his supervision. The establishment of an Employment Bureau has been found to be of considerable benefit. All workers seeking employment are required to give full particulurs with their application for work. There is a degree of fairness in giving employment to certain applicants, and there is an assurance that no workmen insinuate themselves into the employment without proper consideration. No mining organization should be considered complete without a Planning Department, whose duty it would be to plan out new workings, prepare standard costs for each development, decide upon the necessary plant and see to the provision of same when and where required, prepare time analyses of the important operations, and do much of the organization work upon which the underground efficiency so much depends. It is not proposed to enter exhaustively into this matter in this pape1·, but obviously this important work, which is in the nature of efficiency research, can best be done where control is centralized for a considerable area. The Engineering Department requires little comment. This would likewise be under the complete control of the General Works Manager and his Mines Agents for the most efficient supply of po,ver and the necessary engineering work required at the collieries under the control of the Works Manager. The Stores Purchase Department would be centralized under the supervision of the General Works Manager and his Mines Agents, to insure the most efficient purchase of materials required, nnd that these materials comply in the fullest possible degree with the requirements fl �8 'l' RJ.N:;AC'l'.IONi:i-1).STITUTlON OF lll N ING ENG INEE RS . ( \ -oL . LXXXIII. for the particular pmposc in the particulur collieries fol" which they are intended. The Chief Surveyo1· would have the benefit of a ll the collieries in the group being adjacent, and his work would be ,·cr y much simplified t hrough 1.his consideration alone. 'l'he duty of the Traffic Manager in the distribution of ernply wagons throughout a consolidated area would be cons iderably simplified and the ea rnings of the traders' wagons consider a bly increased. It would be of advantage to impose u sma ll <lemun-ago cha rge on t raders' wagons detained beyond a definite number of days ut :my colliery, a nd the efficiency of the work of the Traffic Depa 1·tment woulll be illdica ted by the amount of the resulting demun-age account s. Where consider able numbers of traders' wagons are invok ed, the increased efficiency may be a, not unimportant matter, apart from t he adYontagc oi having empty wagons where and when required . 'l'he Preparation Department, with the necessar y laboratory nnd staff, could operate more effectively in the case of n. consolidation of the collieries in a definite area. The super vision oi' l he cleaning and washing processes presents no novel fea tures, but. 1he segregation of couls 0£ particular quality for certain definite pur poses would be g rea tly facilitated. A consolidation would have severnl centr a l wa~hers, a nd -an individual colliery probably only one. E ach cen lrnl wa her could be set aside for a definite quality of coal sometimes with great :Hh-an tuge, while in an indi·ddual collie1·y washer all g r ades oi small coa ls are mixed together, the1·eby losing any particula1· charnctei-istics. The advantage of this facility has been found to exceed cons ider a bly the cost of transport to the central washer. The pooling of the washing capacity is also of benefit, while an efficient laborntor y, such us a consolidation would warrant, has become almost a necessity if the marketing of the coal is to be effected to best advant age. An administrath·e unit such as I have just described ma)· be suitable for au output of 3 to -! million tons, though, in other c ircumstances, it may l>e cnpnble of dealing with G to 8 million tous per annum, depending upon the extent, nature, and complexity of the coalfield . If the consolidation is of greater magnitude then t"·o o r more such administrative units would be necessary, but the generul plan would be the same. '.l'he tendency in the past has perhaps been to over-cent1·alize, and when the central office has become overwhelmed with detail, decentrnlizntion has been hurriedly resorted to. The Sales and othe1· depa1·tmeuts call for cent.-alizntion, but as regards the mining work I an1 strongly in favour of leaving sufficient freedom to the mining officio.ls to enable them to deal immediately and energetically with the difficulties and dangers which surround, to t1 greater or less extent, all mining operntions. b CONCLUSION, it should be repented that this paper must not be regarded as seeking to state the whole case for consolidation. It touc~es only one part, although an important part of the case. It deals only with the mining side. It seeks to show that the cost per ton of coal produced . by a consolidation of collieries should be less than that of the same collieries worked individually, and it gives in some detail_ a gen~ral sketch of organization considered suitable for the control of consolidations of considerable mngnitude. . The constructive suggestions are t he result of personal practic_a1 experience and it is hoped that the discussion which may follow '~111 • will enable any doubt 01· difficulty to be sn t·is f actonly be such as r emoved. /' ' �' 1032- Ul:S:i.) IJISCUSSI OK-'1'111-: )l.lN.\GJ::)IENT OP COLLIERY CON::IOL!D.~TIONS. 9 DlSCUSSlON OF MR. C. AUGU STUS CARLOv\7 'S PAPER ON " 'l'IIE PRAC'l'ICAL MANAGEMENT OF COLLIERY CO'KSOLI OA.'l'IOKS. '' Mr. John Bilsland (Edinburg h): After I ha d read this paper the condusion I reached was that the1·e was not a great deal to discuss about it.. The general or rangement and suggestions put forward by the Presi<leot nro so complete a nd logical thnt one can hardly criticize them. I felt, I could not n<l,·ance any a r g uments against them. It occurred to me when L11e PresidenL dealt wit h t he advantages to be gained by the cult ing or 1·emm·nl of 1Ja 1Tier s l ha L t his was not always so easy to ,11 rnngc. Of course, wo now have the Mining Industry Act to assist us when~ obJection mny l.,o raised by mineral proprietors. '!'here is nuothcr point which J think should be specially noted, and Lhat is in reg,ird to what is stated in the paper about the cost of genc.-aiing olcct ricity at Kelty Collier y . To me it is a serious reflection ou the Grid ~ystem a n~l cost of distl'ibution. Those who are paying for po,,e1· <list r ibu!ed through the Grid system must be interested to learn how collieries are deal ing with their own electricity supply so successfully . tf a <'ollicry compnny had power lo sell nt the price charged under the Gr id supply il w11uld be nblo lo mnke a handsome profit from the enterprise. While reading the pnper , my mind t·ecalled Mr. Ca.l'low's Presidential Aclclr,!~'-· wherei11 he drew at tent ion to the importnnce of knowing nil the fal'to;, even to the int imate deta ils about cost, for all the operation.~ carried 0 11 at the pits. A costing organization to provide this would, I ussumc, be necessary in the amalgamation. When we talk of amalgamation, we a ssoci a te with it the object of some reduction in the cost of production of coal. 1'hose who are enguged in the coal-industry naturally think of a ma lgamation from t heir own personal point of "iew, and how such merge1·s are going t o affect them individually. The reduction of cost is likely to be obt ained, nt least pa1·tia.lly, through a reduction in per sonnel. Possibly the point I am raising is quite outside the scope of this pa per, but it seems to me that if personnel is going to be reduced consequent on amalgamation, the industry still has to support directly or indirectly the personnel that has been displaced. Mr. Thomas Brown (Glasgow): I would like to associate myself with the remnd,s made by Mr. Bilsland on the question of electric power. In this connexion I have frequently to examine colliery costs, and have recently been impressed by the very low figui-e at which certain colliery undertakings are now generating electric cunent. I say quite frankly that they do not all attain the interesting figures quoted by l\Ir. Carlow. I do say, however, that I feel convinced that in this department at least, the adoption by a g1·oup of collie1·ies of a central power-station properly conceived nod efficiently handled would undoubtedly result in a very conside1·able saving in the cost of electric power. That would be specially noticeable where, as frequently happens, u. number of the units in the proposed merger bud been obtaining current from a public supply company. Where the 1·ate fo1· such was based on maximum demand, I feel sure that no one more than the colliery manager would welcome the change. • 'l'rans. 111st. Alfa. E. , 1031-1032, vol. L"<xxiii., pngo 141. �• 10 ·rRANSAC'l'lONS-INS'l:l'l'UTION OF 1,IINING ENGINEERS. [VoL. LXXXIV. l\lr. William Brazenall (Shettleston): One of the dill1cultil!S in discussing this paper is that it deals with matlon: t hnl are not genernlly within our scope. 'l'here is one point, however, llrnt 0 1·c11rs to me. \\'hen I read the µaper I asked myself the question: Is there, :1l'tcr nil. so Yer_y much wrong with the producti\'e side of ou 1· h11~i110.:ss l I s it rather not lhis, that we need some imp1·0\·tnncnl i11 thu ,clling idcle1 To ruy u1ind, there is not much wrong with the way we lll'l' producing coal, but there is r;omething wrong with the manne1· in which it is being marketed. A prnctioul case in point was ci ted by mu· l'n•silknt when he contrnsled the wnys in which bituminous con! nnu anthraci te wore marketed. Further discussion of the paper was adjourned. FURTHER DISCCSSIO"K UF MR. C. .\.UGUST l ., l'.\HLU \Y ' S PAPER ON " '!'HE PRACTTCAL ~lA'X.\.GE~fEX'l' "'r ('(1CLl'ERY COKSOLIDATIOKS. " Mr. H . ~. Ho uston (H.~f. ln'lpector of ~lines, Gltt!\l!C,W): 'lbol'e is :t good dent in this paper with which I agree. However , T nod~·o with some concern that there is one exceedingly impor lant :up.:ct in the business of consolidation nbout whic-h the author remains silent, a nd of which we should ask for more in rormation. Thero is no ruie1 cnce whate,•er to the mun who mntters most in the successful working of n colli1::rythe colliery manager himself. nncl 1 think that this is r nthc-1· :1 "erio111, omission. How would consolidation nried the ma nager's pnsi1 ion! ~Cr. Cnrlow m;es 11 phrase '' unified 1m(ler one control, " :"I nd T thi nk it would be u good thing if he would kindly amplify thi:; .111(1 10 11 u-< just what that word " control ' ' implies. Dea ring in mind that lo!!isl:nion hos laid a \'ery serious and comprehensive 1·espon-<ibilily on lhc shoulderiof the colliery numnger, un<l that it is expre<:sl:,- lai d down tha t " E\'et·y mine shall be under the manager who shall he responsible for the l'Ontrol, management, nnd direction of the mine," I am of opinion that, whate,·er " control " is :1pplied to groups of mines. of whnteYe1· mngn iturle, large or small, the scope of that " control ., shoul.d he very rigidly defined. Under the heading " Organization,' ' '.\fr. Carlow uses two phrnses, \'iz.. "('ontrol of the practical work" anrl "contl'Olling the practicn l management," anrl in ,·iew of the possibilities contained in these expressions, I think we should nsk him fot· more detai l. Tn regnrd to what is describe1l as the "General Wod~ ~[:rnaaer·s Staff." T ,1rn Yery much of the opinion that quite adequate supe~'ision of the collieri~s can be obtained under a Yery. mocl ifierl form. Mines agents nre unnecessar y luxuries if competent men nre employed as managers 1md are directly responsible to tho mannging director or the g-enera.l works manager. An " Employment Bureau " nnd " Plnnning Depnrtment " are lilce~ise red undant:. The " En{?ineering Department," as sta.ted, req~nr~s little comment, pro,-ided also it is distinctly understood thnt 1t 1s at the i;ervice of the colliery mnunger and not in nny,, sh;;re _o r form his master. J.. " Stores P u rchase Department, Chief Sun,eyor,'' and " Traffic :Manager " nre ndmittedly nssetR, and tl~ere is something to be said for a "Prepnrntion Department" on the lme~ indicated, pro,·ided always that the colliery mnnnger h as di rect nc('e~s to the respecti-1-e heads ancl can get sen•ice for his wnnts from them. • • 11 comes ID • nbo""'e the worrl'> I am gla<l to see that little p:uuurnph w·1uc "In conclusion," as it shows th;t ~fr. Carlow is nwnre ~f the --i·nlu_e ~f " freedom to the m ininl? officials." The point J nm trymir to mul,e ,r,; /" �1932-19 33. ) lH$C"(l:,SION-1'U I> UAJ\: .\ OOlE~T OF COl ,LlEllY CONSOLIDATIONS . 11 1,hat t ltesc oflloinls should he tho collie!·y m:1nagers. 'l'here seem to be no good reasons why competenr men should n ot he o ppointed as m nn agers a nd gh·on complete control of their p i ts subject t o <'lirect supervision on t he fin anc ia l an<l soles sides hy the m an aging d irect or . No benefit is to bo gnined by having n IHge st:ifi of people- cont roll ing managers if they arc 1·e11lly competent to look after themselves. Ma nagers nre r equired by law •111d it strikes mo. a'l the old a dage puts it , t ha t t her e is n o use in keeping a clog :rnd l>.' 1·king: yourself. FURTHE R DltiCUS~IO-~ 11F 11H. C. AUGUSTUS CARLOW'S P.\Plm t)K " 'l'HE PnACTiCAL i\L\.NAGEME N 'l' OF COLLIERY COX OLIDA1'IO~S." i\lr. C. Augustus Ca:!ow (Leven), in reply t o t he discussion , w1·ote : 'l'he subject, of baniers wns menti oned . Gr ave consideration must be given to the question before :lily barriers :u·e p ier ced, and still moJ·e so bofore any hnrrie1·s aro r emoved. :\fore r egr ets have been occasioned by the working-out. uJ bnnicrs t itan by le1.n•ing t hem umvorked. It i s, Ltowe\·er, quite n nothe1· quesl ion to readjust t lie nr eos t o be worked to I.he \'nr ious winding-shafts by readj usting t he position of ba rriers in s uch u manner as will r esult i n nil the nr eas ava ila ble being wo1·ked to the most. economicnl winding-sliaft. 'J'hjs is, I t hink, clenrly brought out. in tho paper. 'rhe amount or power now <lemnntled by m echa nized collieries is <llch th:u a plentiful nnd chenp s upply is or g r eater impor t nnce n o w t han e,cr before. This wns ment ioned by Mr. Bilslund . Costing records fo r m n subject in t.hemseh·es. i\Iy opinion is t ha t, a longs ide the cost per ton of t.he con ! from ea ch section or seom, the value per ton of the coal produced from each such section or seam should be shown . This informntion hos been found of great value, and n Ye ry <.-omp lete nccoun.ting system is necessary if such informa tion is to be mnde :-t\·ni l11ble quickly a nd nccur ately. The best system developed a t a ny collie ry should be available throughout. the consolidation. Mr. Brazenall voiced, once ngain , t he grievance of colliery m a nagers that the results of the ir economies in practicnl mnnagement nre frequently lost by r eason of the existing method, or wnnt of method, on the selling s ide. My sympnthies nr e with the colliery managers in this mutter. Consolidation woulrl be n step towards removing this grievnnce, but the selling of coal is not dealt with in the paper. It is difficult to nvoid mention of this phase of the q uestion, but I think i t will be better to leaveit to be denlt with in the proper pince nnd not before mining engineers ns such. I nm glad to ho.ve nn opportimity of 1·eply ing to i\Ir. H . R. Houston . The1·e is no unnaturnl menning atta ched to t he wm·d " control " where thnt wor d appears in the pn.per . Obviously the ultimate control must reside wit h the board of directors, and the mnnnging directors must conti·ol the management just ns the m int> is 1m der the Mnt1·ol and direction of t he colliery mnnnizer. The nnswei- to the cp1estinn ii,; thnt the pl'ls iti_nn ~f the collie1·y mnnne-er wnulrl not he nffect ed in nny way by coni-olidahon. As a r ertificnterl rollier y mnnnire1· myself, I nm not likely to suggest anythin/Z wh ich woulcl rlefrnct from his status. On the contrnry, the P lnnning nnrl Prepnrntion Departments, where adopted nnd rleveloped by e-,perience, render him vnlunhle sen ice. and mnnnge1·s who hnve hnd the benefit of efficient orgnnization to a1:,c:ist them in their work will he the fii·.c:t to acknowledge itc: ndvnntnge. �(i I - - --: --=--.-·1 TELEPHO~ E~~H61·& 162 TE L(_GRAM¥tCAFU.O W . PHONE . LEVEN'.' ~Y"'~ I! £~;~~~ .,.'~:~_i H EAO OFFICE , 2:iwn0 ~ 9th June, 1933. George B. Pryde, Esq., Vice - President, Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, Wyoming, U.S.A . My dear Mr. Pryde, I need not say how pleased I was to receive your letter of 24th May, and to have the friendly and appreciative criticism of a Fifer who has reached the position which you now occupy in the mining world of your adopted country . I am sorry that I did not have an opportunity of meeting you when you were last in Fife. Apart from the social side of such a meeting, I would have been very happy indeed to have discussed with you the mining problems with which we are all more or leas confronted, particularly during this time of world-wide depression. There is no doubt but that this unprecedented period of bad trade has stimulated ingenuity in various directions, and in an old-established conservative industry such as ours it is perhaps a little more difficult to introduce new methods than it may be in America. While that is so, we are fortunate in Scotland in having both officials and miners more amenable to change than in some of the other districts in Great Britain. we are all endeavouring to eliminate waste, and the greatest field for improvement . in this direction seems to be in lose of time on the part of workers employed in the mines. The first thing obviously necessary is t ·o ; �g;....,;'. :::....G.e .or.ge. B ......Pry.d e.,....Esq . , Rock... Spr.ing.s.., ......W.yoming, ~ u.s.A. to get at the facts, and, secondly, a complete system of time studies seems to be the obvious line of approach. I had some difficulty in introducing the subject. It may be that the managers were unwilling to reveal the percentage of loss which time studies taken for the first time exhibit, but I told the officials not to show them to me, at the outset at least, but to keep the information to themselves until the worst of the difficulties were overcome, and I would be quite content to see their time st~dies when they were a little more favourable. We are making progress , and gradually reducing our costs. What is involved ia an enormous mass of detail, and colliery managers have got to adapt themselves to this and learn to handle masses of figures, which is a radical departure from old time methods. The papers of the Mining Institute are generally reproduced in"The Oolliery Guardian," and perhaps you are a subscriber. In any case, I enclose a copy of a recent paper read before the Institute, which may be interesting, and on which I shall welcome your frank criticism should you be disposed to offer it. Perhaps you knew my late father, who for fifty years controlled this Company, and under whose management it was developed. In conclusion, I wish to thank you very much for your letter and the booklet, which contains many useful suggestions, which, with your permission, I shall exploit in so far as circumstances are similar .. With beat wishes, and hoping that we shall all run into better times, Enolo. Yours faithfully, �w~. C. !.1.::u~·~t:.~ C~r:!.c·;: , :--:--2c:,:in~ Dirccto~ Fife ~cl Cc;::l)OllY Leven, !'l.fcoh~ro Scctlc;rJ I \ ..'.\O very (!c -.pl ; i!..~ cr co ~ctl i n r .::r_u :?.US :-Jl .!CCou.1t or youl"' rocle!:tiou w:: P;.--uc:i. t':c!1G o;: -~.he !.:iui!1:; I:.~tHutc of :i.!o"!il ~tl , c..."1tl the r-C:J.I'i:::i you n::::!':c on ·~hc.t o~c~ion, c.::: rc~oz-ccc i!! ·i;h~ Coll iery Cu:~in.n, ic ouo cf ·~y 5, 1?33, ? u6o 051. ·.1~~'.; r,:-.r-i;::.culcdy :..:-:.l""UCt n c u.::,.:i ~ur r ofc!·~:1c 0 to ti:~ ctu:lioo, c..~ '~1iO nocotioity of obtcinin:; the fc.cto -;::~~h rc~C:::.--onco to co nl r:.in:.i.n:.; opci.·a·i;iono. ·,Jho:li you otat eu. io nb:::ol u~cly ~1~:-:~ . ·.:o rru.0-i f il"'at fi n:1 ouli -~he fo.cto, nnci ·tb cn ...-;c ~-..;.11 ~-.1 in L IJO~:i:tion to ~1~.n ..:.n .i..atclli:.:o~i cou!'::;G ·to co rr.::ct i2.i.lurc,; of :::..ch:1:~c:J ::-_;-:_ !); c.e-i , 0::11 -i n tl1cco Lajr::J of r.l(;~:1r.n:i;;c.tio :1. o: r-..:..:1, ;:;, ~h.:.::i i:i ~::.r~.l c:u:!.n~l:, -~rue. A hi(3h-pricod l o~·-:1.r: ;::~.r::il-L:10, fc :in~tunco , u~y ho out of ocrvico, resulti.113 in c;i-c.:-;i; lac:' of out:,u~, c.1:d col'l!;c .uent i nci--e::ino iu co ot, \·.1:&h:>u'i; C'.'•~; J :1::- , ):,=:!..:.-~ tl:r :.::;~7:i11:; Ll1C 1•C$Oi1, e ; ~CO!)t , f!S j"'OU st:.:.ic: ~~ 1-.t ,r C? clidn ''t ~ c-t c.lon....; yay \7ol l toclny. " ·,]ti.lo '.JG nt::ll'tctl loudht;; cc al ::..:ecl:::.nicclly in 1916, it "c..c ~t tmtil 1923 J,;h::.t -:.-,:i s"i.~r-~etl en i:ruc:1~i'-'~ ::.:cel.~11:;.;;c.tion pro,:rcn. tun::: tho c::-.d ..y p::i.I"t of our l:loch~.:tl:::t'.tion i;ro:;:-c.:1 > • \:·o Lc:<.1 c. i:;;.~:::~:c 1.1::.:1 y c:j.f i'icu:1.tic:,, c.n:1 i·~ r.;cc-r:cu -~l.-t '.!O \7Ct'€l nov.3r ullo to !iw out tho cause foz- lo·:,oi'od 11rociuc~ion, c;.· rihy ~chinco did 1:0-i; p mt:-v.co. l n -~ryin~ to :.-m-1 ·l;J:c L:::. • -::-.ere l:o ·_71 , ·-c oct t"d:~h {.!. (,rcc.t L'.lny cc11crcl.ii ntion:;, hut i:, :-ct u::1 fa.eta an to tho coi?~o or o. e~ohino ' z bol u:; C.:o\::n. ::e -;;hon 11::..,.-,-::lor_K•d. -~t: oy:::te:J of t o.l,it1J tioo ~tutl i cs, cul thio, core ·~!'lc:1 ~n:;~h:1:;_~ c:loo ~ hen hel ped uo 1.o ovr:rcor:-:. r-=.n:-, o~ ou~ Ci.!' f i ccl:~:i.".'o . \ •cro o·or tl ~- 21!!) t>locd o.t tho ?ccuHc cf t-h .., ti ::.o In 1.1~n, cnoc:l, ~he t'.cloy \:-c•.o t he f e.l'lt nf the :·:-.~"~ncnt . ?.1 0 hr.ulc-.co lu~cl h:::"O~cn <!oun, o~ \:co incrficicut c-. :tl m.:sc.ticfc:·~c,ry, r~n:l uhile it ·,:.::.a cd,.1ir.ibly cdq,tcu to ..he olc1 ::i:,ota:i of h~nrl oinir:J, it .,c..3 1~~t a<Jc.ptetl t~ the c~, ccdit1 u., ~ o stud:l.oa . s rer_uirotl for loc.c!in.:, cocl ur.tlo:· our oco!tetniz~t:lo n p•o1.:~-·~1. Toe rc::nJlto -coro indoctl s·~nrtl i113 to uo, ~ut, ....-.:1th the fa.c·t:::i uotore us, uo e cro cncl>lc:l to t'.!'.·c ~uch cc.::ou;-c::i n.3 to cl ::.r,..; ~-~o nost of tho !re .uont ohut- do:.!!~ of d 0 icll tiO l~ccl fo~~!'ly no dotinito lmo~l c:c!ce. �2 ?b rri;ud:lcc, oi' couroo, should b o teken by ~n r~ it1oer, t:ho hru: l md pi.•a c ~l C!:!.1 □·11~; :1,: c:;:pori c1:1co , nncl ohoulcl be G=l- v o 1 cl ooo G'i:udy by the C')c:.·o:~i1:.: c·t::!ff . The cro)hn ohcd~ ·t:10 r oculJi;o of t i no a·iud:lcc ohoulcl be a~ sic9l o o.::i po::i oi hlo, n1.co , bccc.u oo they ohoul d be put in the h..-:n.lo oi' :.:on c1ooc ~ut:,; i·i; in to cet out co ru. , c1ml ,:ho aro c c nerolly p mctic al cc:11 ::i:Ji ::..; nen. 'f hat io r'°t so o.mh tl, uo i :.1 Scot l e:.:11 c;_; i t ==-~ ::..·1 :~::rice., bccuuoo r.mny of your offic i nls ::u·o icchnicl:'ll j,· t~i:1cd :.0:1, d1ile-. that is i'lot al \·1-:,,yo true i n fa c U::iito:1 :; t..1.tcc . I1, o:rdcr ·;;:10:i; ~ 11ny !Jo of sot:10 ao.::iiotanco , I :u1 tdtins tho lillcr-i; y of oe1tli 1z; you ~:;otia:,r, uo:1.er S€pamt o cover , c. r c:::,riut f rou t:1c :..J.ni;:-3 G::>rJ3?3c:; Joa !.".l::-J. of Febnt:217 , 19 30, ,.:i10n tho oto.H of Tho Union Fa.tif:i..e Gccl Goi:;:,:my ctii ·Ged t ho Jov.rnt'-1 for t hc.t cou·~h- T,ii::i l'cprl rrt covoro "ii!10 o ut il•0 o pe1"utio,10 of 'l'he Union Pc.cific Cotl Coup.::~ny, c.ncl I ·~i1ouB1r~ yon -..-ould b:; i ~~~iculc,rl y int~J:re!Jtcc1 in tho ti:Jc otudicJ s ho,m on pa.gos 51 t 52 c.1'Il 53, 'i'hore no.y be other articleo in the r opr-:L,,1t t:hi ch 1:1'.."l.y uo of :i.!!'.; cre::ri; t o you, ohonin.3 our- nini:;g o~>G:":.!.tions . •·. hilE: t h ey .1.r::i ;~ot cni;ircl y o:ini 1 :!r tc the ::.ini!'l::; op cr~:;;d.011~ i n Scot l c.~1d , t;?,:> of t !1::- O!)C? c.tiom c n.y b~ cubj oct t o n.dc.pto:tion to you? condi tiuna , pu•ac;ularly t~1c oha.l:i i.78 conv oyoro , ,.-.,h ic h uo have found t:ui {,o cfi'J.cio~~. I C:l al e:> ::-.tt acl:lin~ en nct.iclc r75.·itca by ~·r. : u:-;::nc !~oLulii'fc • -~ho Pr ee:id cnt of Tho Union Po.cii':!.c Co,,.l r•o!.!:1.:-.ny, i.:1:i.c:2 uc.o publioi:ed in c. r ecent icouo of CoE1. l P.:;~" , ';:!o l c~!cl:i.;1_; co~ 11 oin:i.~ j ourn:u pu bliohcd in !_-:ior-lca on An:::,ric ~! o:t!!iu:; pro.!: ~:1.c~s . I no f!Uro you ,:;ill ba i.!l.\C 11 in"1; crested i!.l -;: ho:li , s l oo , as :.r . :'.:c!J.Jl.if f E> ha.a \7r-ltten n ve ry inforn::r ~i vc a rticl e , :).vin.::; t ho r ooul!~ of Om' opor ~tion3. ! u..~ cure you d ll bo int cr c:J'i;ctl i 11 ihc p:1~1u::nt of ti:1e promiuo , or bcnua, r.hi. oh -.1e v.ro p:::.yi•1_; oui· c,.r;:,l oyc:J cho m·o 1.:·or l:i:1:; on t he diffc!'e:nt ·::.J.:>co of r:,..cl·,:.;ic~ lc d:i.:·.; !:!!chinos . You uill p~~lon tho li!)i::1•-i.;y I l'-7 t:lk:i.n.3 :b ·.,rl. Ci n:..; you ai. t.~iG ·li.c o, bti-1, I ,;;n,~ very r,;uch :'..;r',, oi-cstcd iu :-cacli.r~ your Qrti '}l O, ,n::-t.~culc.rly ·:J. ·:;.½ ::-c:.:~rl -~~ ·:;ho tiuo i:.r~u:!l ~:i , L::1.1 i ho opiniono you cnpr oos e.ro on::.irol y in line \:"ith our o•.:ru e.:,.:>:d.one3, Q.1:tl r thuu _: .·~ :;o\! L tilcl J 0 i :1tc:-0D·~c:l in k:urc-:1.:?:: thi!:l . I t ~-., ,o ~s - 1 i n t !li~ co ull"i;ry ~bout i'orty y:o.t".:: , !j:r::., lilto youi-cclf, I en a ~1nt:i..v c 0£ Fif o::i!d.rc , imvi ~"B -..•):r:tc!d in ·chc fr!ot Fifo wil:':!D .:.n•l o;: to ccr-.ln..:; to t hio ,:-om!tl~? clnu{; 1'cl·t:; yc:iro a,:o . !f you <lo not i'ilil the booklet u!:!1 :.!r. 7·ct.:u H' i'o' o cr'ti .:l c c ~r>r.1>lo o f .::-,tl:!i.)tv:iiion -~o ;oul' com1:i.tior1::; 1 I f ocl .::~.; l oru:'L yuu til:. f :'...rnf t !.cm :l,:rt; •,;•csi:lno , cwl ~u ::i ::m :i. ,1;_; t,h .::) •;;o you b that opirit. I r:.::..:, cay tlm:;; I L·:<l n vor:r 0njoya\>lo vi oit i 111 ~c:oti un!! -'.:-:-'J ycaro c.30 1 -:i th L!ro . ?rytlo . •.o uont t hrouG}l CoUlilon &~::?.t h, Lo oh 7clly, Lcvei, end U:;'?'i.:J other or t ho rlinil'l,1 vilk~a, , �3 but unfoi."tuna.toly hcd no t ·ir- to 0ci.tl at tho r.li.i,ce, as no he.d only tlurty- ono do.:,,-n i a Ci:-cc:G Bl'ita.in c.nd Prnnco, vl't..ich kept us cov~ r:2thc;o hm·:i,icJ1 y) u..1 ;"o hud 110 opportunity of vi siting tho Dinos . r:~y I ocy c1.3 c.i:1 tl':c.J.; yvu c.rc on tho :;;•ieht tra c!:, c-.ncl you L:.uot mvo iJ.mc c tu.l i -:..: ..;o i.I:.c.t you nay lmou the facto. '..:i:~h o. l.nou1~ge of the Zc:c·;;o o ~-0..1 cci1 u~e uha.tover ueaeuros ui·o r..~caoGc-:ry .fc.n· cox'!'~e-1;:!.c :.c ; ..::!". t.J bt~s:i.rass todny cc.11 succeud, nhc'iibcr o cl cin:i.,,3 or ~y o·t h o~ buoineos , ul'l.loos (l. lJ. thr, fr.cts c.ro lruo1.m. iicr y si:mieroly yuurs , Or!iino.1 Sil,!ned: GEORGE B, PRYDE I I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Correspondence to The Fife Coal Company Limited Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1939 Subject The topic of the resource The Fife Coal Company Limited, letters, 1939 Description An account of the resource Letters between The fife Coal Company Limited and Union Pacific Coal Company. There are also documents on the weekly outputs from Germany, Belgium, France, Holland, Poland, Turkey, Canada, and the U.S.A. Documents are held together by a brass pin. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource George B. Pryde, C. Augustus Carlow, W.D. Bryson Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0287 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.