21 10 352 https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1be067094a0973ee07125470e8653397.pdf e3bbf58bba2037e01af5d3e72824a2a4 PDF Text Text -1 0 /iv , - - - -i ~ust 21, 1925. I l SMEAD 88 SP59940 -___,. �Omaha - August 21, 1925. Hiss Je ssi e McDi armid: Yours 19th on the Junior Cru:ip : I arn afraid you are e.n ove r-s ens itive soul, overlooking the fact that the nati cnnl officers from uplift organi zations are employed to cri t icis e, a.nd nhil e no doubt Miss Sandiford gave you a lot of praise, a fen th i ngs s he felt co::r.pe lled to say in lh.e v1ith her ritual made the de epest i mpression on you . I um su r e ~. e pa ents o~ your little kin~dom of mixed nationalities, yo· r loyal young subjects , and eve rybody oo.l 80::ipo.ri.y pr ope rl onnected v,i th tho Union Pacific e.,rnluo.te the work acconplished , and the element oi' fell .n; .. ip ,7hich you a.re teachi ng these young pe ople transcends, in my opinion ut l east, a ll the minor detni ls tlat seem to have run slightly at vo. i '.lnce v,i th the Scout Code . r. iss Sandiford s houl d keep in mind that G:!-rl Scouts a.re usually orcanized in English speaking communities, and playgrounds are accessible to their homes , churche s, etc., uhile you a.re compelled to assemble a ver,J mixed clas s of children, ,·ndely s eparated by race, religion and tongue, carrying theo an extreme distance to find even a half suitable playground. I huve in mind that the young l ady's report will touch very softly on the thin GS that you feel she has �(-., ( , 11' 7.. ro /Jt v C-,·,, f Sa), µ.,-J ,f,v,'rrl (b _l" _J. ~ ,.. •. 1 -c. o;:.•~OF21 _c·~o 2S .,, "Go~ 9.c;; c'.U1 C, ol'S:;i ., _n_ ' .Jo.o~i'io Co:::!.1 C:1 Go 0 £' ':!.°LG 0 :i.o 'J :.o .. :. D.oi:7i , . nil 0::i.d . '1 c . 0 " �only f'orc0 norking seriously .for the in:i:egration of the people, 'che public 0chool and to ll. l0s0 extent ·the christia.q ohurche0 11 the ohurohee: 11 hot1Gv0r 0 pre'cty ,mll split up along ruoinl lineso Sin c0 oomir1g t o 'che px-ope x-~cy I have attemp-ced to vrork out n social b0tte nnen·c pro l"D.Illv po.rt:'!.cu lo.rly £'o x· ·cha r10m0n o.nd ohildrent> v1hose live o G.!'3 ro.thoi:' dro.b und 1 lmvo ti,ied to keep in mind the fact 'chat paterno.1is t i c oociul Uo!i."lt ro. a l provo o h0lpf\al 0 much of t he s orae attompted by carctain coo.l con pru.i o re nlly u oub o·H ·t u-ce f oy- rmg;e s o.ntl labor conditi ons o Our firs t otep t10.s to orgo.nize n.i., Empl oy00 dis tid.bu-l:e d f r ee to onploye o !I ntto □pt in ° Mo.go.zi ne ·which is O to gain contx•ibutioi:1- 0 fi•om t he men 0 n m.10n o.n d child.ren o i7: .,_h D ho;Tl:.l"iT0T v 1:ttl o ouccc os 0 our off:lcio.1 otai'f com... po lled ·co n:ri t0 pructieo.lly evoeything t> ov0n the of fo!"ing of oo.sh p rize □ for 0.!1'-.:: · cl0s of fni ling of' o. ro npo 100 o Hy ide o. of the r.10.gn s in0 nas n ot only that - · n·· r '-' d·' root rot rn 0 but li k0nioo ·c, .0 oppo i c .i ty of oi'.f'oz-:i.n g to our o:.:Jpl yoo o. tiro.i· od ooeio.1 u orkor uithout t h8 poopl0 fe eling t hat t hey "\"10l"0 0i g oub 'o od t o t oo n ouGueotion~ our prooont Etlitor eso 0 lliss Jessie tlcD10.r2id 0 c1:11·ryin15 o t he s ocio.l no rg:" . or ntri;ho .:.{;y 0 ho,;..=iver- 0 limited to o.dvi co c.111 11 ou 6 g,~)Gtion 0 vary dafin _t o o. t o:ipi; no.de to keep t ho r0n.l foreo bo i ntl ever ooaio.l off or ·c i n tho 1o.ndo o • t 0 empl oycs m:1d ·cheir f'runili0s 0 lli oo I.foDia. cl. m1.d 0 0::1:3 of our offi cio.lo o.tto ding all organize:'Gion m00ti ng0 0 b ·c b a.rr od fro:w holding of'f'i co or voting t ho?ei . o ill.a@ l'foDio.rmid ho.s had 0Ep0~ienc0 in sooial uork i n Chicago 0 eho ser·ve d t he Rod Croso for ·s on0 yo o.l"O o.nd has had sixteen n ontho 't70.X' 0 0rv:lc0 i n P:runco E.i.""l.d is vrell 0duoo/i;0d0 i nf'on:e d o.nd disposi tionedo Ihvin~ ha.d mtp0_ $.0nc0 \7i th the Girl Scout Ok~e;o.n= izo.t i on 0 she o.tt eopted in 1923 t o f ol l c\7 n previous effort made to orgo.nizo Boy Scouts, naking o. good sto.rt in 192~ TTith fifty or sixty girloo In tho s u:-,ner or 1925 she incronsed t he ne b0~ohi p t o son3thing npp~oaching tuo hundred, holding tuo ueeko orunp .fo::- jun::.oro a.v1d tno ,;-eelro .fol" oenioro o:c �'i Bun 1t Lru:0 0 rryoming 0 o. separ a t e oamp maintained for the troup organized at Hrumn.o Du· ing ·che Burnt L::i,k 0 pe i"iodD Re gi ono.1 Di r 0otor 0 Miss Alice Sandif-o:rd l) s p:mt throe day n o.t t he c!l.mp 0 Miss Sandifoi'd 9 s report reading o.o f'o ll v:7□ : nconp fo r C~.i,l Scouts of f'iVB wi ning campo nm by ·ch0 Union Po.oii'io Conl Co o Xt :lo reuchci d by nn 80 mil e ri de ·i::h?ough the de s o:rt o.nd then 25 mi l eo o:r rough mountain r oado The cru:ip o.ccc:modo. ... oo GO ~ 75 girls ,7ho sto.y for t no ,reeks o The Directo~ 0 lli.oc UcDlnrni d~ is ve ry c apo.ble 0 and if le .:N:; -c::i e rself coultl os to.bliah CL oxcollen-b CO.Illp 0 but the camp is 1~ the .firct tcro neelrn fo r t he Boy Soout o o The Soou·t ~s t 0r iJJ one of the 0 lo c"'crie:lo.."110 of t he U :ton Po.cii'i o Coal Co o nho o.ck,J tl '- o "'!:1'.J.:1 a.o cool: of the Girlc: 9 CC\IilP o Thio n o.b :io compl i co.ti onc for -tho requiromont o o.nd stundo.rds or the oy Scout.o o. o n ot ·the saso o.c '(jhooe for tho Gi l"l Scout □ o '!'he fo od io 01rno llont but t:10 000t i7ill pr obo.bly be oro t.La.n th'J avornc0 p0r oa.p.:.to. cost o Sor.lo of tho Council r.19m= b~ o , o a.ro no-t connected uit t .e Un:io Pnoif'i c Coal Co o a~joc-t to x-oc0ivin 6 oo '"'Uc hel p f :rom ·ho Coo.l Co o Tho c~" ro oolvo :1 t c0 lf' i nto o. i'ra c 1 o.ir cnnp fo1· tho mi ne r a 1 M. l"'r3 a _..,c io prc..otico.lly t h o.-t er,'! o..1d corves o.n exce llent ~ u:' o o X ho l p8 d t o orgcu i:::e the om:1p into pcrtr ols 0 t o e st 2.'bl:.. oh th Court of I:fono r D. t o 1:1'.:1ro po.t.:rol cho.r1cs D and t au ght t .:o oto.i':f hoH ·co have color o in -t.,o Lorning; o.nd re -cr e a:t in t. cvaning o I Ci l □ o o.oke d lli s o tfoDi o. mid -co chnne;e t he method · o:' 00 " .:.ng :rood . She rmc dclig t e d vlth 'hio i'or sho ho.d o.1- ::io. . c.oko u to h ave the ocout o oe?Vod ci:c i o.b loo inoteo.d of a. l . G l il!!o po.s oinb before '·11o cook,:; 0 but ohe ho.d not succee ded in ~:(ci ng t he eb.ru be booa.ucc ·t _ B:,, • Sco\.\"C O hnd otnrted t l10 cn.rntoTi o I a.l oo o.sked hor t o ho.vo t 0 ·co:'.'..leto change d so tho.t one. 0 0at c ou ld be pri v nte o X t hi nk t ho.t T;Je o.r e fns t appr oach= irig t l:o tiue uhon the !io.tiona.l Co..'Llp Co::mi ttee o can refuse t o o.llo-:1 o. cenp t o b<1 calle d o. Girl Scout cO!!lp unleos th0 n i niraum roquiranents a r e f'ulfilledo (Signocl ) l'..lico So.ndifo r do 11 X am .fea rful ·that lli.00 Sn: dii'<n:'d oo.?x-ied e.no.y em a ltoge·che r e rroneous conception of the problem conf ~onti ng lli so MoDiumid an d our Co;::ipnny o.nd l ilrom oe, p3rha.po 0 mi ouw::l0E'otooc1 our position and motivo □ o.nd I be g to s ub:::rl. t the f oll ffin ng cc::n!!!::m'i': on om o: The Gi rl Scout co.ope o.?o n ot Tl.an by o r for Tho Ulili on Po.oifio c oul Con p~.ny O but on the o·"Ghe T hr.md o.r0 run for tha benofi t of o.11 a.v o:ilub lo I I �gii'lso the ohildr0n o:f.' no11-smploy0a at Rock Springs., Suparim:•0 Relinnce 0 VJinton 0 nnd Dine □ sr0 -baken vJi:th those or ou r ernployes.? camps registered et National H0ndquart0rs no follcms: Hinton = U11ion Pacific Coal Company Su edo~ (I II Ii ll Relirui.ee ll ll (I fl ilinoo "" Colony Coal Co:npcmy Svoomo.teT = Gumn=Q.uenly Coo.l Co , po.r-y Gunn n n [l fl ill0s Snndii'ortl o..pp,wo:n{;ly has ooncorn for "'h0 i'o.otc c. 0 110 drivo 102 n~ lee to Douldor- , Highrmy 1,::. ···. 1 road cm bo _.:-:ip:ra-:\, oin ho 105 milG driV'Oo ~cho • 01lor10ion0 Po.;;-k or 12 r.nlos over c. ne-7 nounto.1.:n 1·00.d t o Bux-xrc Luke 0 thifl ::'O!r' t:1e cCll!lp lo.at Sto .er and ono r!'1ic , ot' cou:roe Ghottld and vr:i.11 ir ·ch0 cu.mp in continuotl., bon ing i : D:!.nd that i'l; is necesso.r.r to dci~ o cm i:'o.,ioo:cely 100 o.ile o io fi r. cl. i;ro.ocD ti'oeo and ,;1e:c0r 0 nothing u~ o.l!m1i., 'i!'"t, acmd nnd oc.go bi:uo 1n tho ic_uHy of Rock Spring;oo In t:ranoporto.ticn ,-;hich io contributed by citi:mno :md employeoi, nn uttemp'G to ooordL--io.te t_ 0 throe conpo is def'i r.i-1-01. • n0co0E:Jo.x-y ~ Foi:· c;.r-uaplo O boys and eguipilent are firot teken out:, remmn:.ng ·trm ne ok □ D t ho oitiz0no then culled upon to dona.to· caro to tnlce out the f'i :ro-t :1.nstalln,;mt of girloD bringing baok tho boyo the sn.t2e dny 0 the boyo b r oo.king ccmp on the urrival or the girlaD ~etting out ni.thin ti-m hour□ tho:ron~or ; -C\70 ueeks later a second inoto.11° ment 0£ gh·ls urG brought out 0 the ea.ro bringing back the first girlo • oamp 0 and o, 6 c,ih in tr10 '\leeks oaro e.re 00n-'c out light t.o bring the second · group of r;ir1o b ack:, it also necesoary to ti;•uok f ood £'Tom Rock Springs to thio C:Jm~ 0 vary little obtainable in the ~iG" .3:ty o �c1~i tioism is made of' the ex cess pe r oapHa cost of :f'ood 0 but I do not think cot1pa:ris01'18 be·tween Ylyoriline; de sert cond:i.Uons Hher0 there o.re n o tmclc gardenn ('che ne ni·os·c duh~y- fo T·c;ir miles remo~) vlith morG oiv.i.- . lized l ocationso shoul d be c.ttempt e do Boy SoouJc Di l'e otox- 0 &- 0 r.foVioke:rD .:rho ha s h o.d o.rmy mtp3ri0l1.ce in cor i ng f or food as t·re ll as we s t ern desert experio rice l) nhich io no 0 import ?.rrt 0 gi veo spacio.1 at ten-M. on t o the ·food p rob lo□ o t ho di ot o.n co from supply makin g uoo of 0~,penoi v0 rnoo:cs , such ao ba.con o.nd hCl.0, U0C0 8 8 0.Ty o Ago.inD lli..s o McDia.rrai cl foun d :U; doGiTo.ble to fu rni s h chocoln.t e c.nd oth0r food i t eno to ce r to.i n unde_ nour>ished childr ~m b0t\",""0cn r.10 0.l t ir!00 0 DO::.:) of' -i:;heso chi l dr-en coning f:rom lcn·g0 f'o.mi lie o O t h0ir duyo por nonth to suppl y o.deq o.te l y nour iohi n~ food 0 0 0 .0 or those childran of oo.stok"!l Europ0 nn nati o. o.lity nlm.oot ctro.ngero to u0nt 0 oggo o.nd freoh 1- • 1 ~ ::i _m7301ien0d coff123 und coarse b reo.d t ho:? p?incipo.1 diet a Ago.in 0 tho Diirocto_ oclm o r 0f'0x-onc0 t o t he f act tho.t eer-ca." n Council Uer:!'bo r s object -'co 'i'h0 Unio" P8.c1:?ie Coo.1 Conpnny cont ri 1rliing hi:Jo.vily to _.G ho cru;1p expenoe o _vk' a.po t .110 is triD O but I nu i nclined to '·M.nk ?choii• ob jecti on pr opai'ly conotr i'.J d D o. n-t t ho.t in their opinio11D the Conl Company 1,-ra0 baing irnpoo0d pow0 ny i not rootiono to our E1uno.gec..3nt boing t o the offs et ·l;ha·l; whe r e ehildron or pa ranto unable to pa.y t he feo ,;;ore f'oill1d 0 o.nd Jchey u0r0 ot h0r= u ioe eli giblo 11 the Council should t ok e oom.0 0 raElJ.dnr; no mon'i;ion or the fo.ot -i;ho.t t he Co::i.1 Coapany r1ould absorb -tho 0zcoos expense 11 1·1hich io done by o.bc;orbing the final dei'ici t. I nioh "co mnlw it very olea.r thnt OU'C caoh eoRt;:•: ''l1tion to the effort io a s foT no i o huoanl y possible II kop;c ou12Le :rg0do 1 " l d i;8l'1 ~ o • a. f' ra oh nir O!lF.lp fo r 'G h 0 m:1nero Ch l. 11 She should he.ve gath0 r0d tho.t nearly· nll the childron in t ho.t di ot rl c"i:i o.ro Din0rei' childreno no f mmng o no oo.nufncturing, no nothins e~copt 0021 r.tlning o hcr.-roverp tho mine oupoT= �/ / isrtond0nto o engine a ring staff O physicio.ns O eto a II repr0s0nting the baot soe:l.o.l clo.os t10 ho.ve .o B0i'1 d o.11 ·thoi:x- scout o.ge girlo to the camp and I think -chia in i:toelf re presents a vocy fine sentiment on the pare of tho m.otheroo "i:.h0 bottoT ti·o.ininc -th0c0 moro fortunate children r000iv0 eerv- cm -the n ethodo or oorvin g food 0 scm:1:cnry o.rrungem0:nt0 0 etoo O but nho."G ue in Gubs t0l.'\C8 o.?e tryi n g t o do io {;o O '-"'t the mate rio.1 in the orgo.nizc.tion 8.ild be r;innin:; ~hi n yoo.r 0 dovolop a s·co.:rt to,mrd pernanem.·~ buildin6o 0 getting 0 -v0cy girl of scout o.ge i nto the 0Tgc.n.izo.tion 0 -choroby r;i v ing; thom tho o.dvantnge of' o.ooocio.t'.'..on \" t h girlB o.nd proooptoro r,10 T0 i'ortuno.tely si -:; .. d 1orhaps mornl00 old oa.sto oc:munity 0 vith o. lar go prof0o oion~l o.nd buoin000 olnss to dl'o; 1 ori _0.iled to nppNcinto ·the elttl"BC.:J bn!'i:'0n oonditi. ono tho:~ 0urround o 0 t.::i or fioio.l sto.ff 11 lo.rgoly vol unto.ryl) ,7hic· r,· oa a. lo .:.,: ·b., St,:;. ioro to bri ng to hor o.oo:l.0'co.1'1CG a 0£ t .0 Ju:aior G:1.rlo' Caop held n't Burnt McDio.Tlllid ho.s b_een For 0Ecmpl.0 0 th0 of'ficero o.L."O lns~\j Swmn.9r O rrl th their several dutiao ueN as folloua: Hootoss - - - - Aoot. Director nnd Good CouneillN ' - = -mes Jeno Beok 0 B.SoaUniv a \"Jyoa S,7inminr, Teo.ohe!? - - - - - - - - - -ill.as Lillian Robbino 0 ao Bo U i7o Chioa~o 0 Red Crooo Life Saving Examiner and Cnp~ o of Chicngo U. S-r.riwming; Teano Chronicler n.nd Out Doox- Cookoey - - ~ - ill.so Froddy \70itlo.uf o Student Univ. Ohicagoo 11-,-:::ioey Boolco o.nd fl.rt - = - = ,~ - = "" .,. Mrs• Ao Gay0r O Ho~mak01• o Roel: SpZ'inga nnd i'orl.':.:irly o.ri tea.oh= er in lli.soourio �caca~ca ca Plo.y Dh·ectoro tlro O p Ao Courtenay l) Horn0r.1akor II i1inton 0 graduate Univo Viyo 0 .Art Dapt o O aos:lst0d by Miss r.fo.ry HcCurtuin and Miss Alberta Pryde Q r.li.so Jo.ne Beok 9 lli. s a Ruth Vail 0 t!iss L:1.llia.n Robbinso ~ - c::. - - c:=- ~ ... ~ ~ - CD Q - c• ~ - Mrso £lo Glo.sgoITo :~ o lJo Sto.t0 Dapto or Hee.1th::, Wyomingo rn oo Jcsoie MoDio.x·ci.do HostoG8 Ch -:ln:.cl o ~ o. c~ Over m.- .1\i 'I'Tip3 LLp i ,.., tmtl Aotrono:w - - ... - ~ fil oo r' odc1y rioitlo.u:f' a Studon·c O Chico.r;o Uni o ~ - Q ~ = =!.1:r o o rfoDiclti.nson 0 Eo rlo :i.Ch o School lli.neo 0 Po.gem tL,," 0 no.turo lorop :.yo o Fl<r.70 o - - - = Lil oo '.- . os S-oondo.hl 0 A. Bo U.1:i.v o riyo o ]?cod C .c· lo!.'° "' - - - - - - - - - "' - ca .- ill.Go Ja.ne Bsclt 0 Bo Soo ij .iv o ~},1oming o -lliso Lillia.n Ro bin□ p ~o Bo Chico.go Univo Gonos ca duneinG - - - - - - - - - "" - - = .,. lliso Agnes S·tendo.hl lli.ss Jane Beck lliss Lillian Robbiuoo Organ:lo-t Lli. □ B Alica O~Donnello tliss Jessie llcDinrmido tToo.t \70 re.illy need io "Che oyopa:~t $1-.;ic help of the ReQ;iono.1 Dirocto~ 0 any \7ork of this oort o.1 ;,_.yo 00.£'0 in d0pandi1'lg upon loco.l to.leni .for ori.ticisoo 0 Ao I go:i;ho1~ fx> ::i Llioo So.ndifo1·d o rapoT-'.:l) oh Elub= ctcmtiully recoiraJ.emdo tho.-c 00□bol:'ohip in 'che Girl Scout Orgo.nho:t· on be denied our girls unless tho vierm t .. o..; oho hno set up be accoptodo 0 �r, Ir -cha-1c is the viaripoint of the ~Jational Organization 0 vro will cheerfully accept san100 attempting to resolve our girls into Camp Fire Girls" Girls t First Aid Clu.bs or soma other organization that will t1;>nd to provide i tl:1.vidua.l club lendersD trainingD e·tc. I nish 0 hotrever:i to mrlke clear tho fa.ct ·cha.t 0.0 the responsible head of the Company 11 I do not ""c 1inlc i'c uould bo desiru.ble or propar for our Company to o.t'cempt to make an mttenoivo upproprie:tion foT buildings D conduct of' oampD etc. 0 sams savorin~ of thut o.ea.aure of pa.terno.lism nhich the mine workers O organization ,vould undoubtedly resen"Go v1H~h a. x-esultru1.·l; disl'Uption or the entire ef'.forto v;ill you not give 1chi0 ma.tter your careful consideration, a.osis·Hng uG in giving our young psople the 9pport,mi ty for development vrhich I run confidont '\70 yJill be o.ble ,rl ~hin tno or thNe yea.Ts to put bei"oro them and which ,·rill E.Eie-t "Ghe moot rigid requirements of' ·che tlo.tiono.l Organi zation, the fino.1 a:.spoo:ttion of' the n.o.tt0r 0 hm.vever, o:no ,10 will be ~~lo.d to rest with youo Sincerely yours 0 . ~,..: c ~c !! '\UUHE �Rook Spl'ings ... Novembe1• 11th, l925o r:;y dow two t:cAw.i Ue: AUac!rnu i8 C'~ copy of t h e report of Biss So.i'ldifoird, Gi~l Soout Region.. al Di~~ctor, en t ho ca.ra_ uo eonductcd fo~ our Ci~l Scou~s on n tompo~ary loca·~iou nt Durut Lo.k o, Jul y a nd A.uguoi t his yea r- ru'ld uhich she vis:i.tetl S:'oz- thr00 days. Cm Cru::!J Di r .;::eto:r , I do not f eol t ho.~ ! ccm o.cc 01YG t his r.--:;port as bei11g i Y! cu'ly oonse o.ceu .. at ol y c1.o;:;.,r:!p-b:1.vo ol tho Co.rr:9 ns i ·c; ci0.8 liWh.. ao boi1:1g usoful a:t a.11 i !.'l h lp:ln~ uo -'i, 0 pl lU i'0 L' orn.~ p0r':1.- O0ll Cc.:;p . lh1u in v ic;;.7 oi:' iho le.cl;: of conot uct !veneo o e nd u.:1 1 c .·:, .;:1ndi i1..., i n thio ro )O &'t (.lj'lti r.1oot p:articulady beeauce o:? ito i nclof i nit oncoa ~ no in its l un t 1Y~ntcn c:1t .. 1 ·.-,ioh vo ry much t/O could co::io t oc- o dofin:l'c o untlor3'uel'ldin__, u i t h C,i l'l . . cout ~::1t i 0Enl Hocdqucri.ero. I bo1:lo fo.iir m:.· c:::Jlct e unct om·~nntli n..., cnnnot b e :-oo.chod . i."o could have Girls' FirGt i tl. Cl • o o r- ouch clu o C£ they L2..'\lo i u Cw.1... o!f'l o..1c.l , onlo.!'t3in3 thoil· seope e.s ws c.1ov0lc_ noiJ o.ctivi·tics nnd r1or1dn5 cui om' 01:'Jo ::cno r ayotcm; 01' ue could uso eitho~ or t .o other t~~ v0ry large n~tic~~l o~ge.uizuiiou8, perhaps ihe CCl.!llp Fi~e Cirls o I do pl"ofor tho Cirl Sco~c, OJ.'l d eho c.0 i his c;ysteu boco.uco o'l ·our P..!1.ny u~tionalitios 2nd ito good /unoriccmizatio~ ~9 ~0nl - then, tco, Co.mp Fire Girls he.cl 'Doan started bore and ho.d boen cJ.l0\70d to die outo But J: knO'\'J v0ey ,.·;oll tho.t the individual gro'U!) lcador□, thGiir t rcil::tlns , cuHo.bility c.nd t1orl1: r.1:1.ltao any giirls' uork - not the oyste;:i w::iotlo Follor,ing tho <lii'fo:rorrt cub j oeto tEilim1 up by the repo;;.~ atta.e.ica I coc::1ont. t'Jho for: Camp for Girl Scouto of i hio d:lct r ict uhich inclv.iloo, c.o r e::;iat oi.· cd �/ Rook Sprlr.igs .. Ur:liou Pa.ei f:i.o ';ocl GoDpnny. Superior R clia.YlCO n II " 11 II 11 hiUC8 (form ,; tl II It Dines . o,7 roo.chctl : 't.10:1 c.bou'· l:J ... 12 □ilea ovorr non com 'i:.ai'"' roc.d ~o D..?irnt L:::!.to . mny euoots t10 arc to ho.vo. no truck gm·dens o.nd the nearoot daiFJ in fo~:v miles nuay. \Io ho.c.1 o. clouor,;tio acioneo ~aachor on our CoW?oillor ste.f£ 1 uho planned tho moa.lo. t!r, EoVicui", tho Scoutmstor. vllo helped uo, has llo.d Jany e:~en.e11co in oaring f 01· ~-ood .. encl, y (\7hat io c:n..-~ usoful hor0) c. IJl"'Ca'i.i doa.1 oi· tjoctcrn o~odonco. - -- --- For inotouco, uo - -- - -- - - -·-- - - - -- - - -- - - -- �1' not only hnvo to ha.ve er.pert care of such fresh moa.ta ~s w0 use but we must, o.f necessity, since w0 gQi largo supplies ol'lU.y uhcn tho huge ·truck comes up, ·us('! ~ good deal of cured 1:1onta like bacon nnd lm.mo 'rnese last ar-e exp.on~ive and .need not be used by can.-r,ie which ul"o 11ee.r thoi? 'baoe ... or nG~r f.my possible base of supply. Food , :ao bousht ti.t nholescle pr:loos, through tho Coo.l. Compe...1.y Uanfl$er of Storoo ru1d tukon noi'th il'l tuo ·tx-uck loads, for boyo o.ul girls Ge.rap. Cru?lp. a fi'csh nit' orui iJ) f oir rrd.fl0r 0 o .9,hgdl~.!ll, X run rn·oud of tho Zo.ct ·c.hat \70 hall oo LillllY mi1-1or'o childr~n~ s.o many children of foreign parorrts o itios o in ·e,he Junior CD1'.'!p r10 hnd GOrJO ooverr~00n M·~ionru. ... For.eicn mothcl"'B do not. ree.cilily lot -thei!.~ children loo.vo home mad lo.st year ( our fil"St yonx- 0 i cor.:.13 ) tJO held v:erty f O?'oisn notho1~c cot to lmcm us io eol':10. 3ut at f GU min ell~ eh:.i.lch•on e.t all o :r-::r is oruy El(, very \:Jell indotcl ·the;;; thoy por-mit their ohilclre1'l tho 00.00 tifilo t10 hud .,~he childroa of .~. I ihi1.1!t, 0v.0ey single .mine s1:.:.yorintcnd0nt and phy□ iciun tiho hns oeout-age gi:d0 Q :tn mining camps trieae airs cll tho folk s -thor o m'e . Hol p fro □ i cr-;; iol'lul Director: L'o lmd looked fol'vm.-d ·;;o i·000ivin3 a. e;roat deal oi advice ond help foom Regionnl Dir-octo?·, had, iu every uay uo kl/1€.i.7 houP. prepared tho \W.Y for her to :;ive. She o::rtublishod Jw.ti.ox- Court of Honor a.nd sho·.-iod t.1::: a vei y dalighti'ul Fl0.i.7 -r.:iay to 1 do colo:r.-s. P~trolo had been organi:!etl nad h::i..d bcrn.'l n.t t,o::'lz b0foro hor o..~ii"'lval. I •ve dono colors in va.rious \1e.yo in Gi:do? (fo.=:1p a fo r yee.:'iJ. Serving food: I hacl never 'before seQn a g:lrlo' camp seMTed n la. army cantGe11 o:r cnfe .. to1i"ia ao -Po sorvo i""• It is not idoru. bd ii oan bo done uell. \.. e ehangod tho f'orm of service -fol" our olde~ n;h·ls 0 Car:...11) but I must a.doit t!1atf in a momrCt.rlir1, outdoor caq), thore is a good docl to bo onid in favor of tho cai'EY~e:ri(l. nyaterno For the coming and evening ~co.ls it vno of~on so cold that, oven after uo had �---= •• - _._ ~- . . / . - . ,. ~4- osta.blished tablo servica (t,ith 8 or 10 El.t n tgblo) I vory often \'Jent back to 'the old "i.ray because it insured, more 001~niuly, that ee.ch gil'l get hQr ,food ,hot .. Roquirod m.nmbe;;" providod. They should bo ma.do individual but oir_i.co the lumber fox- these, too, ho.cl to be ti"uelccd tho 113 utlles a-'G very great expense nt1d om~ location 'Clas tempoi·a:ry z.;o did no·ll nsk for th0 :1r1·anco□ orits ~::i rlill have when our perm.anei'lt co.mp ic ost c.b1ishod. Hosteso r.TiGo .Ynt10 Beck, Asot. Diroctor ~nd i ood counci11ot Bs[!,., Univ. Ylyo. \) .. r.iieo Lillian Robbins, A. B, Univ. Chicago Red Cross Life Savitlg E,m11ine1· and Capt. of Chica~o U. Swimming Torun. C l Cru·ow.clo!f' c. rni out door coolrnry - .. - - - - - = - ~ r5isa Freddy t'eitlaur, student Univ. OhiCU[;O. tieo.oey Booi.!s ::m::l a.rt .. - - - - - - Bo.nketry cntl ·~;yo. f10\1ors - - - ~ - - .. - T2rno A. Goyei", riomel11!l.ker, Rook Sp~ingo aud fomarly nrt-ronohor in tiissouri. - - - .. - - - - - .. - - Llrs, P. A. Courtom1y O Homomaker, Hinton, ·graduate U'aiv. \Jyo. Art Dept. , assistod by T!iss r!a17 tTeCurlllil11 and Mies Alberta Pryde. -Dies Jane veclt, ?:Iise Ruth Vnil • Uisa Lillio.n l1obbi11s. Play Directors - - - - - .. - - • - - - - - ...... lJurse - - - - - - ... - - - .. .. - • ... - 0 0 - ca b - - - - ... .. -llts. 11.!. Olo.sgo\7, Ro t1. State Dopi. of Hoalth~ \1yoming. Pageantry - - - - - - - - - - - - - .. - - - - The offioers for SeniDr Caul!> uero: Hostess - • - Nurse .. ------- -Jesaio HcDianuido �r .. 5 .. ChXQ niclor- and over night trips .. ... • - .. .,. Horsobnck i'iding - ~ • .. ... .. ... ... - - ... •1Jiss· Freddy \7aitla.uf, student, ChiQago u. ... - ........ .,. 0 ........... Guide McPherson • • ... - .. ... .. - ... - - ... ... .. ... .. --uro. A. \'J. Dickinson. "' - - - ....... - - - ... - .. -A. \'J o Dicll:inaon, ~ng. t ox WineD, Univ. l!o~ Map nm.kine a.1'lu a.st J?onooy l;agomrt ry t n:i.tur o lo re , 'fiyo. flotmro - - ...... "" - - ... - - - t!i0s J\.gnes stondahl, A.B. Univ. Hyo • ...r5ies Jane B0olc. BSC Univ. ·1yonin5 • .. liisS Li llian Robbins, A.B. Chicago Univ. - Gnooo - da nci ng - - - v- - - - - - - • - - • • A ff ~ - lli.ss fl.gncs Standahl Di so Jane Boclt Fd.so LilliOl'l Robbins. .. .. - - ___ .. _ - ..... - " .. - .,. ... Jossio l!cDiarm:i.d • �ao l:nl K·HTORIAL. The Lay of Ne-N Fork .Camp I r- er1:ember , I re memoer, Th e flov.,rers red and white The lu})ine and wild . rose Tho se flo wers nad.e of li ght! The aspen s where the robin built And where I oft en spent An hour communin g with the breeze On all that Life was meant. To New Fork Lake t~e Girl Scouts came To lear n of Mother Nature's fame. To grasp the secret of he r ways They tried in a ll t t-e ir works and plays I remember, I remember, They heard the whisper of the breeze The pine trees dark and high Passing through the forest trees, And h ow I loved their slender tops They say the blueness of the sky outlined a eainst the sky And watched the stars as they went b.yJ, It was a happy joyous time They knew the blue a nd limpid lake But now that it s no more Which gave her coolnes s for their sake I have these memories to take back They say, they felt, they thrilled , To the city's rush and roar. they heard, F. M. W. They loved each flo wer and every bird. The mountains tall, serene and blue, Guarded Camp the whole time through -Smiled a blessing on the Sum, Dear Girl Scouts: Breathed a prayer when day was done, While you are enjoying the Officers in every way beauties of New Fork Lake, I am Helped in duties and in play. away up in the North-west enjoyEvery Scout was good and tnue, ing the natural gifts of this Learned to love her duties too co rn er of our country. Nature Learned to be a sister kind docs seem to distribute her gifts To each Scout that she might find .with a fair hand - some parts have Dishes, tents and grounds were neat, it all on the surface and others, Spite of many dancing feet. like our own home district, have Camp fire camp ·when sun was set untold riches hidden underneath~ And 'tv,as here that all were raet In our book 1 11 Scouting for For communion -- together -Girls", you will read of Saca-11 Ylheth~r dark or fair the weather jamea, the Indian 11 Bird Woman who Fourteen ha?PY days thus passed. led the Lewis and Clark expedition And the end came all too fast and who should hold one of the But the One who from above first })laces on our honorary memWatches all and sends much love, bership list. The story of her Breathed a message to the breeze, life reads like a fairy tale, it 11 "Jl.[y Kingdom is made up of these • is so filled with thrills and Lieutenant Van Deusen - Joe Irby. wonders and I hope you will all read it, A few days ago I saw her statue in :Portland which wa.r"MEMORIES. raised to her memory by the vvomen of Oregon. Somehow I felt, as 1· I remember, I remember, looked at it, .that it belonged to A tent among the hills USff for the early history of the The wide flung tent flap where the sun great Northwest Territory l)laces Came flooding in at will, the ho'me of Sacajawea in \7yo. He never came a wink too soon I have been he~rin1 of your Nor brought too long a day well-arranged ~rogram and I know But now I often ~ish those times you are all enjo~in g -it very much. Had never, never passed away. With lots of love to every one at camp, I am very sincerely your frienc l1rs. D. C. Ec~< eehan �DASTARDLY HOLDUP IN NEW FORK CAJVJP nicely. Horrors ·a:plenty! Did. n·o t Mrs. Gage have her hn.ir combed as well as Inspector Chambers? Shoes were also 11 scattered· about the tent 11 and the bed was said to look 11 uncomfortable 11 • .Nurse Our dearly b eloved Ca mp Nurs e , Glas gow's finger nails were e~while peacefully slumbering, followtircly too long it was report~ ing a stren]:;rous hour's swim.-ning, wns e,nd there were. bottles 11 strewn suddenly and unexp ect edly a ttacked in around the front of her tent". a most violent and uncal l ed for manMrs. Downer did not respond readner. :Mrs. Dickinson, whom we ha ve ily a nd M:'..ss Va.n Deus<m was a,s ked never heretofore suspect ed of intento report after the meeting, Mrs, tions not wholly Uj_)ri ght and honorDickins on was very ill-behaved, able, without a ny w2- rni ng , pounce.d there b e in g no excuse for the vve.y upon the innocent nurs - , ca lling the she chewed guml Miss Irby and be e s to her aid. Nurse Glas gow, Mrs, Ebeli ng had perfect tent and alarmed by the fi e ry gleam in the eye personal inspection, but Mrs. of Singer Dick, l e~ped from he r bed Gage 1 sjacket and Mr. Mac's swe~t~r and dashed out into the forest run ~ were found on Miss Weitlauf's bed nin 6 as fast as her lcgo could o~r.~y and Nrs. O'Donnell vms reprimanded her, Af t e r going about a hundred yards for allowing her pink bloomers to she re a lized tha t she wa s clad only show ben eath her knickers, The in h er ni f;htie. '\;ThG.t ym s she to do? Offic e r s hold an indignation meetCould she go ba ck to the tent or in g ir:rr.1cdia tely afterward. Q,uessh0ruld she bide 'neath the shelter-tion: I.; Miss J'.Je,c · :1. traitor? Aning pines ? Shivering, frightened s1:ver: Most emphatically she is. and murmurinK about bees, she was dis- The Officers say so, • covered some hours later and carried back to sctfety. WHEN Gl-IOSTS iJALKED Shrieks, screams and the wicked laughter of the pursuers aplit the otherwise pe nc eful atmosphere of the girl scout en.mp at precisely four o'clock on Friday aft e rnoon, On Wednesday evening, a large crowd gathered around the camp fire ~nd enjoyed the entertainA most base and unseemly crime ment given by the Pathfinders. was perpetrated Friday morning after After the.ir program, Miss JlfoDiar•· Inspection when Miss McDiarmid gravemid told a ghost story entitled,· ly celled all Officers to stand in nThose Eycs 11 • As she told the front of their tents for insnection story we could almost see those and then asked Sc outs Ruth Ve,il I l'{J.argaret Ch~mbers and Louise Page to me..ke large blood curdling eyes, with 11 no body, no arms, no anything" . .,- - ct thoroubh personal and tent ins1JacvVhert the whistle blow fo: tion. The Officers obeyed, understanding at last why bottles and cloth- bed time, we all crept ratne·r ing had been strewn about their nicely stealthily to our tents, half afraid to blow the candles out arranged tents. Not content with a report to the when we were undressed. Just as we were all quiet ana Officer of the day, Miss Wac fv.rther asked Scouts Vail, Chambers and Page to ready to drop off to dreamland, give a detailed report of the Officers we were startled by mysterious conduct at Assembly. Scout Chambers, voices wailing, "we' re out for gore the :personal ins:pGctor, said that Mrs. we 1 re out for more, we're at your door we·t re u,"' one step, we I re up Gage did not h~ve her hair combed ' J:' two ste:ps, we're up threes t eps.' ~Then we recovered sufficiently to look around we saw lots of ghosts. The girls are a little 11 1eary 11 of A BLACK HAfID PLOT �ghost· s't'orie c t ha~ HOn~ ,{ild Nir;:~t 11 , Any rolati orn,;l.';:ip u otw'r-fen o. ghg.st story am•. a gl:ost J.~ara dc ? We ask you, HEROES AND I:-EROilIB S THRIL!.,S AND FEAR'.i.'~'l'HROBS A 12-ke - a b j_ r l swimmin b for hcr lif e - ~wo ot he rs in a boa t 1 , driftin g helples sl y ac r oss t he lake, '. Up d2.shcd the he r oes . One s wept up the s"vvi mmer in his arms a nd carried her back to shore ; t h e oth e r lea ped into a boat and u~ddl e d to the rescue of the other t wo. Curt~in, LAZINESS While waiting to go motor boating Wednesday morning several girls had a lazy streak and leaned heavily against the railinG of the wharf. Disgusted at such lack of energy, the railing broke and Mrs. Phillips, Gertrude Gilpin nnd Lois Page sprawle d on the rocks below. Surprised at such a lack of consideration on the part of the rail, the victims wore n.n expression of pained surprise, very amusing to their companions, who re.fused to sympathize vvi th them, OUR I1TVALID YJ'hilc Wc".lkin·g to Camp r:i th Louise Pa g.J c.1.11d i:rr.::-go. rct. J.aet Thursdny, EE i d hu:::.·t h8 i -;,'o ,;t on a nail. Sho loo::::0c: '.'> 'J com'ic9,l thn t Lov.i so V!:'~R ovc.n~~o M,c:; ~.1v.l. tb. laughter, i'Jia r gc1,1·ct, cL!' i,8 r much trou·blc, succ oodco i ri £;Gt.tin~ her to t ho nv.:r!". J I s t; ont. ·ivh.:: i her foot wa s l.o.nr! agcd . Everyo ne i!J Ca::,m he. s envied her since because cf t h e attention s he h2.s received . rt is oven · rumored that the Co..i1111· Eero missed his lunch the o~her - tay because he stayed to p2~y the Victrola for her when everyone else stampeded at the call of mcsso She looks very funny hOJ?p-ing around with one hand on somcbodys arm and a cane in the other, but with so much attention she is rapidly improving. Just what part docs attention play in recovery -- or in slow convalosencc? 1 A ONE ii,LAN DANCE Monday evening the 11 cri!lwd 11 gathered at the pavilion with "Singer Dick 1 s 11 Victrolc1.., for a dance. The girls were enj oyi11g tho dance very much in spite of TENDERFOOTS the fact that there vre..sn' t a .P..r.'\n around, when someone had an in~ Two riders mounted on cowboy spiration and sent for the Boy horses were seen riding through Scout cookies They came dovm, camp about noon on Monday. They•"' but stopped at a safe di stance were what a Westerner would ca],l to survey the scone. Im1)aticnt tenderfoots, though no one looked at their v,arincss, someo.1e called more like real co,7girls than did "It• s 10c1.l) ycn.r girls" and rµtned Miss Freddie Wietlauf c:-.nd Miss everyone's chances, for the Jessie JiJac ,--at a distance. They "victims" took to the sngc brush were attired in cordurov breeches, as rapidly as possible - with one high boots, c olorod noc.:ker-::ihiefs, exception. When the . dust clcnrcd und high hats: Hovrnvl..!:r, tl10ir riding away, Jae]~ Dcwq,r vms still there. gave them nxw.,y, No ..::oi.-rgiri. would A br2.vo man -- ·what? have ridden r.s 1it:1 thci::c two, with their arms held t:l.A.h~ ~.;o thoj_r sj_dcs, their feet d2.ngl:i.rig frt; ::n tho £•ci:ctups ~nd both hands g~ippin~ the saddle The hi gf~ :3l)C t of camp for ho1·n. o:tevcn giJ'.LS 0ar;ir Friel ay night P, S. - We iirc.ic.c 1· 'i°ny J\{i sf~ Mc when t.hcy H,Llcd U'}_) tr..cir beds, Diarmid had Mrs, Dick.!.noon t2.ko her stra~peJ on t~eir cups and canteen place next morniDg. ~nd started for tho head of tho O �l d.k e to s pc·nd t ho n i ght. Mr . J e nk i n s took t he b cdd i n~ nnd a box o f or eakfas t · up in· the b ent, nnd the girls hiJced rour.d 7,hc l 1.k0. . cc1.mp was ma d e on t l:e sar~d "bc1.r , :1cc.. r the nn r rovvs a nd sp r c~lin c t hel~ bl anke ts be t we en t h e fir e and the l ~ke , the girls r e mov ed b oot s nnd ha-':".s a nd cr,v:-1led in. 11 This is tr..c fir st ti me I ev e r slept on the s and 11 , joyousl y i;i gglod Lois Pa r;c . lu·s . Ga cc :i who was t a king the affair more s c rio :..1.s ly, repli ed , "Don 1 t be Bo opt t mistic, yo u hav e n't sl e pt yct 11 , but Lois vows she d id sleep, One ambitious memb e r of the pa rty got up at three o'cloc k a nd insisted upo n wal k ing to the uppor l a k e . Fi nding no one willing to join her, she sat by the camp fire nnd meditated un til the rest of the crowd got up at f ive . When some hungry me mb or of the pa rty be g2.n to investigate the "breakfa st box 11 , a dreadful discovery was made the box contain ed bacon, eggs, coff ee and bread but no sucar, cream, salt, knife, skillet or coffee pot~ Oh vvhnt us e wer e ba con, e ggs a nd coff e e without skillet a nd pot? However, so me i nge nious pe r son discov ered that bacon co uld be fri ed in t he d rinking cups we e.11 carried n.nd eggs coul d be scrambled with the bacon. Th ose who had spoons ate this concoction with civilized grace, but those '.Yho did not hn.d t wice as much fun on.ting wit h sticks. The eggs and bncon done , we washed our cups n.nd boiled our coffee, a cup at a tir.1e, and the breakfast was unanimously declared a success, F I ELD ~.LARSH.ALL HAIG •PtraJ .o:h te n y our lino t he::-e. ani st op tn.l king , "came t he 1.:,r:'..:i.3..l-: C!O:i::r.:'.L!1c'1. , nnd L 1stantl y ·chG :~ :.. ":. C GC:r:'[dghtc,ne d a nd t he tulle::. ·., ;, _; :) ~c: Bc d n s "Fi eld Ma r s}w.11 rt". i " st ::ojc a. own the li ne. Hi gh 1 ::io t s I t :i:irflJ .y f....;._tt i n.; t : : - ou..,u 2• F; , wr.i te swea t (,_ and mil i +, a:!'y ca :::' h'1xe c hanged the c r ..e.. r ning r:Irs . Dic lc i n son into a v ery able 11 fi elcl marsha..11 11 ·w hose orders arc n ever que stioned. 1 A F~SH STORY Mar garet Chambers triumphnntly walkeq into camp the other dny with a fair sized speckled trout, and boldly u.n• nounced that s he had been sitting by the lake wishing for one when a largo w~ve broke on a nea rby rock and left the specimen she h eld lyin g there. · Rather fishy, isn't it? Pu. rticularly as some of the bpys came in a fe w minutes later with t h eir nfternoon catch. A DISAPPO:i:NTMElJT Dr, Jenkins took a crowd·· of Girls stP..r Gazing the other-· night I and was e x.plair.. ing some constcllntion when an uproar arose nenr camp - thi nkin G they rcco gr.izcd thJ n cwco r.~er' s voices throe girls tore madly down the hill, "I'm sur e thc1..t s his VANITY voicc 11 , so.id 0 1 D. 11 and t hats J.C. 1 s v:rhistlo, lots hurry '' Wednesday evening a Bluebird 11 Hcllo K , where's W.E , 11 ye.Lied whispered tori "B~nr 11 and a 11 Tiger 11 LP. ~s s h e c2.m.c puffing do wn that visitors had tak en tho trnil to the hill. To the consternation Camp 2..nd Miss Bear appeurcd nt dinner in i:ialc pink silk ·while 1Aiss Tiger vrore of the girls, strnne;e boys held trniling black gcorgottc. But 11 Vani ty up lD,ntcrns and ln.U[$hed , M,E, turned white, cr2.,bbcd the other gooth before n fc1.ll". Jfiiss Bear sc.t two girls ~nd fled back to Dr. down in a cup . of cocoa and vms forced Jenkins. "I wa. s 1_;o si tivo I to greet her visitors in khaki nnd J, C. laugh 11 , \1r..il ed lL E. hen.rd boots after all. �ON WITH THJ: DAN8~ When J\iirs. Dic k:i. n s on l eft l a st Sundny it broke our he a rts but ·whe n we lea rn ed t ha t she :rad t fl.ken he r Victrola a nd "Le. zy" we ._ we:r:-e c ompl et e ly ove rc ome . It is r umor ed t h2,t one senti men t a l young pe r s on pursued he r for a mil e and · half in a vain end ea vor t• win back 1~i~" and he r so othing ne l odics. Hea ri ng of our d oubl e dise.ster lilr . Jenki n s very nobl y came to t h e rescue with a splendid Ed ison. Since th en we've had soci a l dancin g at the Pavillion each ev eni ng wh en Ruth and Wright Dick enson ar,:; a l ways noticeable for tho excellence of their novelty dancing I RUTH VAIL 0 .1.~ TRIAL told that the prisoner had gone to her tent ·crying on the night in· que st .±on at eight o I clock and h a d n Gver l eft her tent aftGrwa rd. Tho prosecution then c a lled Lillian Cl cmcntson ~)o t es ti f i od the.. t she knew tn.1.:: accus ed wa s at th a Bon Fire at 8:30, that further she'd known t he a ccused all durin g her High Sc h ool days and knew her to be ex~ c ce din gly mischievous, had once he..d a fire alarm rung et school b ecaus e of a prank of hers, . that she was always a disturber. Some consid erabl e excitement was caused at t h is point by . the accused risin g excitedly and vnldly cryi ng t hat s h0 wa s being accused of a ll the t l::ings the witness hers elf had ever done. Witness we.s excused, Tl10 trie.l ended with a n acquittal for Ruth and suspicion resting on Mr. McVicar. I On Wednesday night t h e Owlctte Troop ent e rtain ed t he Bon Fire attendant s with a Mock Trial. Ruth Vail w2. s tried on the charge of d isturbing tl:e Camp on the ni ght of July 24th in ghostly garb. Norma Young , SOlWS Al1Il YELLS as Prosecutin g Attorney and Louis e Page 2s Co uns0l for th e Defense proved WG ar0 tho wise 1 Vfisc Owlettcs, •The wise, wise owis arc we, themselv e s able lawyers. And how in the world can tho Uith an eye to gaining sympathy others win, --or so it sa,3m~d to us, Ruth dramatically f~inted a,t an excitin g r.10:m.ont. Vlhcn ?..n Owlctte sits in a tree, You ain 1 t gonna win no more1 Water v.ras called for e.nd such a genno moro, erous supply administered that Nurse You ain't gonna win no more, fearing for tho physical ~ell being For an Owlcttc sits above your of the young ~risoner, c2.lled for a head 1 court recess until she could b ,J dried. U~on a quakingasp tree. A number of witnesses, 11 loaded 11 and othorvliso, were callod, :Hiss :M2.c, questionc~, said that s~J had been El a rah~ El a rah\ in her t..Ji1t thc'..t ni 6 h t, didn't :r_ .::ar 1 11 El a rah~ rah~ rah~ any wc re out for gore", that })erYo yrh~ Yo ya.hi haps tl:c unusual noise 1r;as the Cook Owl ct tc s ~ O,ifl ct t cs~ snoring. The court house l2.ug1:,:;c7. . _It Rnh~ R-:1.h~ Ral--1 •.• was silenced and · thc witness sternly El e vivo~ El e vivo~ ordered out of ·~he 1:>ox. 1.:2.rio11 El e yj_ vo vi Yo vum 1 • Chambers, being callee I s~ 1d so~cone Bum get .a ra t tr~p bigger had stepped on her o:c br·1sl':ecl. b:' r..cr. Than a r: a t. trai,1 'o"JJll get Joo Hay tostif :~cd that s:~c h 2.d kno ;m cci./,.; t·c8.) bigGer than a . tha accus.Jc1. sii.1cc the 2~nd c:J.ay of }Tay rn.·:. t 1·a:ii. L!aic1,b~osc l 1912 precisely and the.t s h o ~'l.'.7,d CRlflto0a ~: Sis too~ b~h al ways kno,Nn hc:r to be trutl:ful, oi:1:i.cttc::,! Owlettes\ thougt.tf i.11, and scoutly r1._s ,r,,~11 e.. s Ro.h~ Rah~ Ran\ sufffcicntly 1.)ulky BS to uc 1nc 2.1Jable of boing ethereal, Loonc Ga ge 1 �FRENCH TOAST· VS, LOVE _ tvhy do v i s it or ~ a l w---.,ys ar rive just at b reakfas t ti me ? Quit o a number of g i rJ.s denert:-3c~ the "bread-lj, ne 11 on Su:1d.ay mor ni n g wh e n a c a r of ga f your, , gen t l en:e n dr ove up, ~1e ~ t h~ nxcit oDen~ f i ~d d own and t h e y wor n r eady for break fa st the dish es vvc re Wt'. s r..e d ar:6 :.~r . }Ia c wa s a da r.1an t .. Lv-sn tnc.!.r p l Gas e f or so me coul, ie s r e c el .red ·~hu r 0 J?lY , 11 Not a potato". 1'1:i s i nci dent would se e n to settl e the old a r gument a s t o wh e ther or no t it is :possible to 11 livc on love ''. BAJ.I~ Ma r garet R. and Wri ght D. took a horse back ride (?) Friday whtch proved most tragic for Ma rgaret. Sh e put her foot daintily into the stirrup a nd took her pl a ce behind \:ri ght -- but not for lon g suddenly she found herself ascendinto the air; The next thing she kne-\,V she was lying on t h e ground in a heap and Wright and the pony were out of sight. TOO MUCH DIN1TER One of the Winton girls av'ioke the other night to find a ghostly figure ste.nding in her tent. When ~he finally found the couraga to unco,rer her huad a nr. take a sGcond 1 oolc she found the ghc'3t was Ruth Redshaw. Ste~ping over and on tentr,1a te s, R11.thi •? went tc the door and began se£',1·ch:i.ns ab0ut for something. When askcC: ·.(~::'.·,c. s.hc v:ns looking for •she an·svm:::·ed ::~ r~-3 ~1irro:c 11 • Um,.blc to fjnd .:;.'1., Bhe c:]. a:iincreJ tacl<: into bed. S~speati~g th8 truth her tent :rr..a. tes 2..sk0d. l1e:i.· ·.1:1c1,i; s'.1e had ca ten for dinner 2pd g0~ ~he surprising answer of 11 Pu~kles". If that is what Ru·i;l1ie a~~e I it is no vvondcr she had b.?..d dr$ami::. Lena Anselmi needs a ncvr yell -won I t someone please come to the rescue? .JU.TOTHER TENDERFO©T l:iartha And·e rson, Jessie Stark i. and Margaret Chambers motored to the ranch w'ith 11.lir .. and Mrs. Jenldns Thu!'sday. While the~ c they all had a , horseb2 0k ~1 d e , and the stci~y the y 1:s .: .l uf jV1?.rt h e.. It ~ see m:.:; ·('.:.1.a·:; :. t ·,;ras h e r first 1 ri d a 1 :t.a r :-8,3 i:i.. 0 ·.,.,e. :J -too sr.1.all a nd ·m::c h(.) .Y be ~ :'.'.I.G~ s ~0d -upon g o i Yl g r-~~'.llh~ 2 . ;: cl. .::: C UJ.JC. i n [', ci-c 0i0,. ,A_._i: c ge t h c.. r too mu.ch for one p81·s on. E0vv0ver, they enjo ye d t h emselves so much that t hey rail e d to get back to camp ::'..n i;ime for dinner. ,.p BOA'l' ____,... TRIPS On Tuesday a group of Scouts went in Boats to the head of Lc.ke De I Amalia and from · thore they hilccd to the cabin. Everyone brought home a souvenir of some kind. iv.:.r. Jenkins hacl. t olcl. us the story about tho bandit the night before so Yre were all excited about seeing his famous hiding J..)lace. One especially interesting thing l\[r. Jenkins tolcl. us was about tho Placer Clair,.s thnt men had made when they dug for · gold in this region. We saw several of these claims and one pl~ce where they he.d vrashcd for gold. · The triu home in the boat was equally thrilling, the large waves rocking the boat unti - ' ,we grow quite excited, · Thrills. thrills, all the way through. SUNDAY EATS i ,a -. and 1-h's. Bell arrived this morning ,vith their cur loaded to the ~op deck with cake sponge cakes, chocol~te caY.e~, ore~1ge cake:s 1 angel cc,kes -- and everv other ki.nd of cake, Ssh, and I' 11 ·'jell you something else --somebody told' somebody and t:1oy t ·old me the:,t Ice cream We,s also on the way,·· up. Eurrah for }!.:rs. ME-.tt Medill~ �22 23 24 25 2G 27 28 29 30 31 11 I C'1\}.7 1 T GET THEIV': UP 1~ Wedne s dc.y :-,10 :".'ni ng ou.r c ,~rr.p w··:i. s Tuesday ni ght everybody introduced to kit che n ~olic c , other tried amusi ng her nei ghbor wise known ns K. P, T110. re o..s on for after qui e t was ca.lled, arid this unexpe ct e d lJU1'l i s 11111c nt wns t hn t camp was attac k ed by a 1J1ague ,........, Miee Mac h nd to 6 c t up t h r ee ti mes of whis Dering , gi 6 gling, Tuesday nigh t to n s k f o ;.: quiet in coughin g and sno"rin g i n var- • the camp G.fter cve 1·yo no shoul d have ious ~, itc hes a nd ke y s . Only· been in drearoiand. At i n spection after the t h ird demand for next morning she i.1a s g~ne ro u s with silenc e d id qui e t c ettle over her assi gnments of t he dr eaded K. P. t he se a t t erc d. t ej_)ees a nd tents. The tigers were ask ed fa" carry Next mo r n i ng no one was wood for the bonfire; -~!: c 'J:it~mvers ready to get up when the had to wash the cook' Q d :Lfslh ,: i• towels whistle bl ew , a nd a fter the One beaver, 1'.1Iary O'D., vra.s fortunate- courageous f evv ha d dep~rted ly visitin g the ea gl es a nd esc a ped. f or a di p in the la.ke, most ·o f All of the tippeoanoe s e :::::c e pt Lucille the rest succumbed to the temDo\'mer vrere se n t to se e d da t es for a · lJtation to s l ee1) just a little date pudding, L~cille, a pa trol l ead-lon ger. Whe n the whistle blew er, escaped bec a us e she had tried her. for col ors the sides of more best to quiet t h e other s . Th e Owlets than one t e nt ' bulged and heaved in the lar ge ten·~ La.d t o r a ke up a nd with the frantic efforts of the burn the rub bi s h f1o m the. boy 1 s camp. occupants to get ona final boot Unlike the ti :;_J1Jec 2,1,.06s , the d isturbor s weater. A line o"f girls ance in thei::.-- t e nt Y:9.s cc:.us ed rr-.ai _n ly '\7ho wo re l e isure ly taking their by their yat:co l l 'J ad e "C . This was the y,ay to the wash house hal tecl a · first e.x;:peri0 n rJe "ncs·~ 0 f :~~11_; girl s second then dashed. madly toward have had v1i-: h K .:i?. Q,n'l ::_-~ ~·ic:.rl. a rearthe lake until stch1J1Jed by the velous effect. It. j _s ·c:: ough '; t h at if ster?m voice of 11 1':arsr..all Hailg 11 K,P, is adrrJ.nistc I·e d a. l];e.i r:. , i-t will with the command to ttf2.ll in not be for bad '\JG"J.c:,v io:r a.t night. line, washed or unwashed. 11 • t)ne girl aJn,earcd at ness ·.iri th only one stocking on, another looked like cart, Kidd ih a ~sir of unlaced boots that reached to her kneds, the strings trailin~ two feet behind, ,-s_· hil o so:ne poor dear Lieutenant 1Jan Deuser. vms proclaimed the cham.i.)ivn of fighting ',V ed- with long hair cc.me wi tr.. her locks () nesday, when h er victory over Francis stremming in t~'le ·bree:we. One ___1 Hudak was annov.nced. The battle took whole troo].J failed to c et vvasr. • and were dubbed 11 ~~he g:!.~ea.t unDlace at the pavilion after dancing washed". But the worst was yet to and games, and the result was a co me, for at assembly fate overbroken watch · for :i'!Ii ss Van Deus en and a cut elbow for FrEi.ncis. Francis has took the would ·oe entertainers and K,l?. \11/aS liberally di s tI'ibuted been going to the nurse's tent very amidst groans and wails. frequently since, ~nd it is feared that the wrist wat c h ·.vill have to HTKI! TO 71'.--:S NA."R.Rorvs spend · some time i •1 the jeweler's shop Miss ?-/fac tooke over thirty of tl~ upon it's return to Ro~k SDriDgs, girls on a h ::.ke 1.i.'r..ursdC::y mo:::•ni:1g ; Crossing thci cJ~m +.The fxt.th loo. around the lal;:e to tr..e narro'.'IJ' □ where the boat met them with lunch. A nur.1bcr �nurse Glasgow's patients took the trip over in the boat and thought they: had · a strenuous time. ·s6me of the · ~irls tried j~ping rocks, but missed their step and got b_l isters & walking home with wet feet. Now • they are on the list of "injured, fatally and otherwise". • PERSONELS Prof0ssor H~rrah and his fan ily left Wednesday for their hor:.1e in Laramie after an outing on New Fork Lake. Mrs. Gage of the University of Wyoming arrived the first of the week to assist with canp a thletics and dancing. Ji.T r. and Mrs. C. N . Bell and little son, Mrs, Wm. Uood, and Mrs. Atkinson arrived Friday night fro m Rock Springs, to spend the week end in CaJ:1:p • .JiU ss Josephine Irby of the University of Wyoming arrivod last Sunday to be official cnmp story teller. Ji.irs. Dickinson cane back to camp Tuesday brincing with her Wright and his guest, George Wolff. Bog pardon-also Wright's bugle. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson, Mrs. Ford ~nd children came up from Laramie Thursday ev~ning. Dr. Nelson ts a ,vell lmO\'m botanist c>.nd his wa.lkt~lks are very intere·sting. Mr. and Mrs. Junk, spent one day of their honeymoon with us this week. Mrs. Junk was quite enthusiastic about girl scouts, and thinks they c..- ) all wonderful. ~ah, rah, rah, Rah, rah, rah, Newly weds, newly weds, Rah, rah, rah. ~uite a number of visitors arrived Saturday and Sunday, among them Mr. and Mrs. Vail , Mr. and WJ.l's, Ben outsen, Miss Anna -Baird, Mr. and Mrs. Hudak and Mr. McKeehan, They were entertained in the Green Room at the base of Flag Hill; in the B~ue Room overlooking the Lake; and in the Bird Room near the Red Tail Swallows Nest. SPORTS Ba seball Take s Camp By Storm. After a fe w practice games undo ~ the direction of Supervisor Ga ge, t eams were formed to play in a tourna ment for the championshi~ of the Camp, The 11 No Socks 11 , the "Now · ForkL oaguo 11 , 11 T.N.T 11 , Team 3, 11 Be.ttling Babes", and"Ossifers'' entered the competition. In the first draw, Team 3 was defeated by the ossifers: No Socks lost tm tho New Fork League, and T. N.T. overcame the Battling Babes, In the second draw, New Fork League drew the bye and the ossifcrs were ag~in victorious, beating tho T,N.T. By the time for the championship game, most of the Ossifers were reported to the Nurse and Captain Gage was desperate. A wireless was sent to Rock Springs and W1Ks Bell and Mrs. Vail rushed to the rescue, a lust for battle gleaming in their eyes. Evon with such valiant aid, things were going badly for the officers and in the last half of the last inning the score stood 4 - 1 in favor of tho New Fork League. The Ossifors staged a marvelous rally, bringing in four runs and winning tho game 5 - 4. -- ·, Rah for the ossifors~ 0 �Monday p r overl t o h e nn uv cntful A hole i n the t0oth r:1uy mean day for t h~ crowd. ~r. J enk in s t ook a hole i n the mo uth. us up the l ake in th~ n oter boar and trailer. We were all v e ry much exWhen it rnins wear tires, cited [',nd distmrbed when the boat went on the rocks. It didn't take Prohibition should inc],ude Mr. Jenkins long to go t it off howthe diryin g pan. ever, and ' NC were ngnin on our wn.y. At tho head of the l<'..kc we left the boar and took to the trail, About n mile up the canyon, we The Song - ( To t une of \Vhy came ton cnbin nnd here several of Did I ~ iss that Girl?) our number deserted. The rest of us continued up the mountain to a second Why nrq we goin g to win, cabin th2.. t v1ri, s one e the home of a Why, oh why, oh why~ fmnous bnndi t ~ Herc vm found n sup11ly Why nre we go~ng to win, 1 Tis because we try. of fervent love letters thnt proved very interesting rending. There was We don't laugh and we don't only one fl y in the ointment - we talk. missed out lunch - but we h[l.d double We h.~vo learned to walk the 11ortions nt dinne r to :rrnkc up for it.· chalk, • . Why nre we going to win, ~Tis bec~use .we try. FR:sDDY CHA..°NG3S HER NAJVIE Camp . Got~ t£rill nt breakfast Thursday mornin g y,rhen JWiss Wei tlnuf announced the changing of her name. It w<1.s the n:ornir.g nftdr the Ghost P2.radc and Cnrnp wo..s trying to find out who 1rms responsible for the shadowy disturbers that struck terror into the hearts of the Crunpers. Freddy was accused but straightwny defended herself by 1.Jroclairning thn.t she wns sittinG on the hill-siu.c nt tha.t hour, i:mmediatcly afterwa.rds Getting flustered over the statement. Several Scouts began to cull her narre nnd to ten.so her. She said, "Oh, I've changed my name 11 , Who is the luck!y man, Freddy? GEMS FRO ti. GLASGOW. f. Brushing the teeth twice u dn.y Will not \"Tear them out• 2. Remember, wl-:en W[l,shinc that you are the onlyJonc that cannot sec the bnck of your neck. 3. A chicken has a bizzard instead of teeth. Don't get the iden that you arc a chicken. �.... 1.·1; IL A·m) crni: KEVi Dl.JT?:..\_j'l:',J..~.:· fT I\GB_ L ilIB Mr s . :?i:-·:,: r'ic: ·:1] " hr.-.s b o~n driving to C ,:; :i.'c' :·>.-~· ~1~::,· :.1:.·-i.lJ h:.:t s 0. iscov c rcd. 2. c::;w f ; t. :·~ir'. l:. ~ n c ommod it y . Sh e am) o t.lr 1c 2d ~-..::3 _t.t. 3 :i:· m e r ni n g t hat she wo·JJ ,:. r.1..-.:,•~l· p ·::.:')iju.sfblc :_Jurc has es for Sc ou t s :,.1.nc: ' '.:c, o· j :i1.ne0.i e. t e ly ov ~ rwhol:ir.cd wit r.. f-, :•rL- ::ir-:1.c rs. Evi c:.o ntly the Sco u ts t ~1.ol•.gr:. t they h a d better lay in a supply v1~rn n the opj_Jortuni ty a.rose for not ah7ays could such an accomodatin g cmiss~ry be found. 1 STAGE gi ;l s. :~v-c r yo:1 ,. in cc'.m:p cont r i but.ad ·cho ir c;nyC)st clot h es an ~ wi t ~ these ~nd n goodly GUp~ly of c harconl, the ~ct :i.:o ss lo ol<,J c.i l P cc :rcri.l c.ovm south · ni gg,.hs. u1 ullm.:. n :I? o:der Blues", s v.n g by t h r 0e of t h -J t roop i-vns qui t o a h it 1 •• aR wa s "Dnp:,1or Da n 11 , sung by t he :~:r cach.::l r , -, Thcl m2. Ph illi p s. Anim Bond wHil cd 11 :vin s sa ' s i n t he · colc'l. , cold g rou:1d, 11 qui. t o eff ectively, but l!rs. Phillips dn ncc W,'1. s the biggest hit of tho ovoning. 1 Officer's Entertainment: ---- Jcssici·-Mac nnd Joey J:rby Ow1cttes Program: presented the Frc.n c h -English The Owlets started n series of wooing scene from Shalc0s11or.r 1 s troop cntcrtaimr.cnts Monday night King Henry v . . Miss Mac played with~ pep march around the campthe ·,1art of the fair "Harry of fire, Aft~r n fe w yells, a ·bunch of EnglP.nd 11 and the part of Prinweird looking goofs did a more woird cess Ke.tharinc wn.s taken by Joe dance around the fire, If you don't Irby, Both actors showed famknow what a goof is -- why -- it's iliarity with their lines and si mply~ goof, It has~ head twice thus vverc fr.Jo to gi vo their the size of its body, and oyos -intcrprct~tion of the love ofu, those cy.::le. Hose 2.nd r.10uth arc scones of the two who could equally grotcsqu.~. But their dance scnrccly ur.derstand each others is tho thing, It is~ hair rE':ising, tongues, but to whom the lansl').iEm1y shc1,lcin I camel walking, fl GE'. guage of the h0nrt wns more hoppi!1 1 , ooh, la, la. easily cor.u·.1unicablo. Harry of England ·was e. Pathfinders Pro~ram: . soldier and yet a t Jndcr lover, The Pathfindars 0ntcrtainod K<'.tharinc VfF>,s 2. modest yrinc css '"Tednesday night with a 11antomino of y ot not l~cking in fire and th.:; song 11 A :Frog A Courting". Lucille Ardor, Too much praise cannot Douncr sang tho stellar Jart. bG 7iven to the nctors of this scc~o ,· who ,').ot only nctod but BEA\~RS Pl?Jj seemed to live it R~d wore nblo Tho Beavers •.:mt<.:JrtP..inud the camp to stir tl10 hcc1rts of thoir onfire Circle Thurs~~Y evening with a lookers v,.ri tr~ a stre.nge sym~Ja_:!;)'ly. :;_:>P..ntomii.10 of the p:J.2.y "1'ro:9os2.l s 11 . :But shades of \7illinm Sha.k(;!: • Alice Oc5Donnell ·.'Tc1.S cmit3 ch,1.rrr..ing as }}CarG whc:r,, did :i'!Ii ss Mr.1.C get tr.at tho young ln.dy 1,vi tL too Pc.nY lovers, "Jc T 1 P,d0rc 11 • The rest of t:r!c t:roop ::,ut on a cli?vcr song nnd d~nce Q~t. TP"8 Ll"RIC OF LOCFDTVAR by Joe I:tby .. Ti ,,.cr-B car J![i ns t ·:-:11 3ho-r.v·. '-= On Frid,:~y 01.•.:J~fi•.: ti'. . () T:i.gors and Or.. Ga.th~:r good scouts from ncr1.r e.nd fA-r, :002.,rs of Relir-nce <1.r. c. W.:i.nton entertained us nt tl-:10 T~G.Yil1r>r. •yith a r:1in- And liE•t -~o ·t;;.10 talc of yopng strel show, 'Ihc f.:~rst nu!:.bn:;.• v1c1.s a Loc :nr\vnr, nogro y1oddinc v'litJ., ·::t.:.c2.r,;2, i'hllli:-;_:,s as I-'c..i~· Frod.dy cJ.Jcl<:ad out in raiment preacher, Esther I'.r:a.this groJ1,1 , Ion-J :1 0 A.t, :Buckl os bride, 1'iI<'-:r[:c,rci; Tvlcl-: b()Gt 1:1ctn ,fi r :c -,)Jv tho :proud bc1:1.uty off hor Mn.ry Kelly bridesmaid, ~linor Pryde, •• f .::iot. ring bearer, Alice RcELmo, Eina Pryde, BclL:id Baj ot, nnd Ruth Redshaw flower �Now Lochi,1vo.r on his spirit e d steed, Came from the wct1tvmr0. to do tho deed Dane~~- •• his one m\_;asuro nnd gnuffcd of the cup, And in haste urged his h orse to ~erpct Ut:1.l mo"t ion. §JIBPLUS WI T . Cam).) 1:icks - Take Your l'ick. !!Doc" 11 Ducky 11 11 Usol css 11 - 11 - }.Jro.tt" J 11 11 Clom BUm 11 - 11 'I'u T-JW\"711 - BEoncy 11 11 Todd y" 11 1vfac 11 11 Sin c;-:;r Dick" 11 Lizzie Dishe r 11 11 11 11 G.Jrt ie 11 11 i1J1.f1.1 g11 11 :5'atty Bu0 ... les 11 The bride whose dark beGuty deli ghted each hcc'.rt 11 11 11 S1::it 11 11 1s11 11 11 Invnlid Shiek Was one who before enacted thnt part 11 11 11 Car:.j_'..l .riers; 11 P.ants if c nd.J::..· With n smile to her lover ~nd a 11 11 11 11 11 Li ttle E2.blo Cooldcs Jcss laugh n.t the crew 11 11 11 11 Horm 11 11 Swcdc 11 Kc.0 s110ox She wont with tho one who had thrilled. 11 Lnzy 11 11 B0dge 11 "Shylock, her through 1 And ,7.,rho was it dangled his bonnet and :plume? Alack and alas Nurse played the E3JARD . ABOUT CAMP._ brideg:room. Dressed up like a courtier yet trembling in hcc1.rt, He could only sigh when he saw them de:part. 1-ir, Hf'..ra,- Whnt kind of olives have we besides ripe olives? Bright Puj..1 il,- Stuffed Olives. The bridcsrnaic1s vrorc costumed in yellow and white, Their beauty was such t}i..E'..t it lumined ~cssic Chipp -- List~n, our ·. t;mt is the most :po-- pular tent in camp. Wl:.y, oven the night. 'l'he mother W?..S sac~ to lose her sweet child And the giddy elopement wndc her quite VIild, The whiskers of fethcr did tremble with fright, When he saw his dear daughter in Miss }J!cDiP~rmid called on us thrac times last night, ------ Elinor Pryc.c - (waking Uj_J at night) J!Iarnma I didn't got any ::?DP, lirs, Pryo..:i - i.ir.c.y no 0110 ht1.d any such a strange pl·· s}lt. l)OlJ, dce..r. The cousins siezcd horses a11d after Elinor - Yes they did. I hoard them fled, nurse s~y she wss goinG But never could follow whore Lochinvar to· give some girls sod~. l9d. ----- Racing and chGsing nround the Bon Piro Went hero and sweotho~rt and friends Ers. B0ll - Rock Springs ~issed full of ire, you e.11 Rnd we'd lil-ce to Around ~nd around till strnnGc things have brought you some candy befell • (moans n.nd. i;ronns. The clopcrs became the ~ursucrs ns well. ----- �A c e rtai n youn g 1 .:1.dy in c o..mp has cormnented on Ch-3s t c r s - c:r mustache ( ?) ~ nun1be T of times. Now it is snid h e ~ashes f or a mirror whe~ t.e :::,ees he r corning. NOTTCE: Plcas3 bury any gum t ho.. t is lTIOl'e tha!l c:1. V\TCGk ol c'c , Since -Tuirs. Pryde 1-:iutored to }Jinedn.le no one h2..s been o.ble to walk without sticking to the ground, FAlTOUS SAYINGS AT C.Al'iP 11 Um tu Yrhc, c~ t1.1. w':1.cc~ 11 Chester~ Pow2ll. "Is t h e re any reu.son for you gi~l s t~lk i ~g - if ·there isn 1 t ~t ~l yo u be quiet no·v :,:-il c2.8 ..., ~- Gu 00.l"!i ght gi :rl. .;;, I! - ~h s s :?C2.. c. "Start ~n t ~1 0 f irs t beat. 1,' Singe:!.~ Die:~. 11 Wha t' 11 WC yell noH? 1: Lena. 11 Willo~ Ste.tu~ Willow Sta.to.~11 Dr. 1rc1 s0:1. "Noto. potato. 11 - Mn c. 11 1!11 show you how to ridc. 11 Gcrtrudc Gilnin. 11 0ne, two, throe-- point." Mrs. Gago. 11 1 like K. P. 11 - Margaret Rockwell. 11 Lct 1 s have a ·fight." - Ish V2..n Deus en. neck is su:q.burned 11 - Margaret Chambers. 11 1 ~1ever say anything funny"- Jessi0 Chipp. 11 1 can 1 t hike - r:1y feet, aro blistercd 11 • - Louise Pa g e. 11 I have reasons for d:ressing up toHEAJITl ABOUT CAMP night 11 - Th.:;lrnE'. I'hillil)S. 11 -Vl!:.cr-e I s the ambulance? 11 - Enid Stark. 11 Whcro 1 s my vmndering boy: tonight?" Why has Mrs. Ebeling hfl..d so 1nany visitors this la.st Weck? Me.rt ha .Anderson. Where were Gertrude ~nd "Let I s yell for the o,r,1ettcs 11 • Ruth Bob durinc lunch hou1~ Saturday? Ve.il. 11 0h dear, every book is out. rt is unsE'..:fc to ask Wright I 1m Dick~_ nson his age. waiting for Seventeen"- .Anybod..y Fl.1.-::. ~•,both Pratt hns lost a "Where's Mrs. Ebcling? 11 - The torn pictuto v~ich 0hc prizes very and tattered. 11 nas anyo·ne seen my picture?" Elizhighly. Tnnt ,'. certain troop is abeth Pratt, 11 Report to me after inspection." knovm ns· tho "lfoisy Dozen 11 • Fr0J.c.i0 insists thnt :Mrs. Nu' se. 11 Is my nose beginning to blister-? 11 Dickinson sing. 1'Somcwhore a Voice is Co..11 i:1[; 11 • V!l:Gr0 is Joc Hay, .. 11 0h bunk~ this voico1 P=ccdy? Put it over tho plc1,te, Ask Gcorgu W. if he - ~lrns can't you?" - Esther 1\'12..this. to plny 1x1.ll with Mnrga.rct Rock"And this is tho truth girls." vrnll. Lillian Clcmcntscn. 11 Erby is the nicest 11 motJ.-.c.Jr 11 in co..mp 11 Ylhoi~c) vr~s Lirs. 0 1 D Wedn0sBell Bo.jot, Ali.ea Reams. d.e.y oi.roninG? 11 I I m not a fatty. 11 Nurso Glnsgow !ms found. - Ruth R0d.sh:7,v,. thnt solitn~y confinement is "Ruth, don't forget to look for the best ~osGiblo trc~tm0nt for bc~tlcs bcfo~c we got in toc ortai n yo un i_.; l,'.c"l .i. o s . night," - Kary Elins. t:isrJ 1:c1.L -· J/inry O'Donnell, "Let's :plny "Lnzy~ - :i.forrr.n. <'.nc. K::i,ric. 11 ! wlmt nr0 you. cloing in the woods wnntc1. -cowboy 11 • - Frocldy, "Whore's my scout knif c? 11 - :r.r.:n.xin (~. nt this ttno of nibht? 11 Tell us n ghost story. 11 - :;:;T"crybody 7.-_,:,':'. ry .. I mwe ['.. ) 5 bill in 11 I 1 11 r.iend it. 11 - J~.rs :~ Ebeling. my a~o~tcr ~ockct and I cun•t find it. 11 :L~y �Miss M<'- c - Girls, I'M positively going to have a new Ca mp Club and cnll it the Rotary Club - you see there's J.D.o·· • M.A. - A.O'D. - E .S. - M.C.J.H. M.J.- I.A. nnd - a nd - nnd how many more of you are going to join? Girls - But Miss Mnc, what ho..s J.D, to do with it? Miss ·Ma.c: Oh he's the Hub, you all revolve around him. Est he r Mn. t hi s of Winton £ill'.! plny bo..11. llh r·ga. rot Chnmbc rs, 1iv hcr0' s your fi~ s t nid kit? Plea.so g ot it do\~m to tho kitchen." POETRY Mrs. Dickinson please sing 11 Denrie", An Answero The most popular book in camp is 11lilady 1 s lilancy 11 by Encsco, at present in the possession of an Engle. 11 The Big Owlettc tent has changed from an entertainment tent ton. barber sho;p. Five girls held a. dancinG class of their own the other afternoon, Hikes by night mo.y be n joy of cnm:ping, With c~ttlc on tho hills nround you stnmping, And for brc~kfnst, when you find n a plncc to hnlt, You hnvc ta.ken oggs nnd baconbut no snlt. And tho coffee you hnvc brought • But there's not one single pot And the sugnr, milk nnd butter were forgot, There's n rcnson for Mrs, Ebeling hnving fish for lunch ovary day - she hn.s dd~ncd thrac ~nir of brooches for Just bocr.rnsc you climb0d n hill, every ~nn in cnmp - Let her have 1 ~m That mP.do you ncnrly ill, s¼y we. For our po.rt we think she Don't try to give the nntivcs enrns them. nll c1. treat By pretending you're no lcnbbr After their cxporioncc with the tondorfcct towels the Beavers feel qualified to And re:r.rnmb0r is ;rou can tnke in wn.shing nnd hnvc given notice Not to co away O.Gain - wi tr..out the Frying Pnn. thnt nny laundry left nt their lodge will be quickly o.nd 0fficicntly co.red for, BY Th""E C00-..t< . Tho McAuliffc Librnry ought to hnvc three copies of Seventeen or else ask th0 Tippi C~nocs to return it at once. \Vhcn' s Ji.'In rgo.rot Rockv;cll going on K.P. ago.in? Sr-o's useless but we miss her, we 1 d like h-Jr back. J1/fn.c: Mamie Asinln: Our troop will :put on n stunt - Yos, we c~n. Alberta: I'll help you kids. Everybody - lr.st clny - ,nc1,mie de- serves to be honor Scout. A..1~Y OLD THING. Not from nny r0cipcs or booY ""' of Clld , Comas our Cocks concoction~, hot o.nd cold, His soup may be flavored vvi th pc~n)cr nnd dust And his cc,kcs may be yellow with nshcs nnd ru::it But if you can disrcgnrd the looks Of '~he mcssos thnt he coolcs Wh en it I s ovor - you :rr...1.y wish to come o.gc.1..in. THE C001( H!IJSELP. �Do0t or ~cis on of Wyoming State Univcrsi t v . :::".Jn icr }k t a nis t of t h is State tn0 k ·a group o: S~outs on a hike F ri.da;y mu :~r,j ng. We ga t hcred specimens of J. :i. i f c rcnt :pJ.2.r.ts for examination ::t:1d 3tl1 d.y, On o of tho girls who i.7as mu,::r.. b "~:, 6 h tcr than t h e ,.~est found an orehiu~ We all focl that we will now be able to reco gnize all the specimens that noctor Nelson told us about. -o-o- On Friday evening Doctor Nelson gave a lecture on our shrubs. His talk on pines \-.re.s partic~arly interesting because of the specimens ·of pines, spruce, ground cedars and firs. He also told us about the golden rod, rabbit brush, grouse berries and various species of sage. Saturday morning -Doctor Nelson took anoth0r crowd of girls on a field trip to t h e Upper L~kc, They rode up in the Boat with Dr, :rcnlcins but hiked back, finding many good specimens und learning much that will help them with their Scout tests. THE STARS 11 Flag. Hill" is also the Observatory -in the evening. At taps when Camp is still, fifteen of us one night may go to the Observatory with Dr. Jenkins, :BIRD - FL0"'7~R TALKS - Prof, Harro.h, of the Uui vcrsi ty of Wyoming wa s in c~~:r.llJ e.. few Qa.ys this we~~ a nd took ~h~ Jirls on several bird-tal:!.c htk '" G, Th·3 bi rcls studied wer:c t h i ) 1~r1.1r,bcl ep::!.r:·ow, red bird, · bl uc heron ; o.J.ck :;;.:,.1cl. the western rc ,3 -t.a:i 1,.1d J-i ~ v·'}'. , Tn.-.: study of the g::i.rr.:;l.; s::_Ja.rrcw '.':2. s ~:1.de r.:orc intcresti~ g ~y th~ flci1.~g ot a · nest of li ttj_ .~ ones. Prof, Hc. rrah also ga.vc ~s the n:--..m.:·s f'.'..ml we.ys of different ,1ants. The t~lks were cnj oyod v :~r y much, and cv0ryono hated to sco Pro :( Harrah 1 Cc\V .J , On Tue s day nfternoon :Mrs. ~b alin g enterta ined at a ~ -ry d elight ful 1•500 11 1J2.rty in .,.ho C. N. Bell bus, Tho guests wore Nurse Glasgow, ]lli ss Van Dcuscn and Miss Irby. Gossip, chewing gum and de..tt:is were served. The game ended in a Free for 3.l l whon it was discovered that Mrs, Ebeling was stackin g the cards. Miss Margaret Rockwell onj oyed rest .period in Mrs. Ebeling's spacious tent one afternoon last week. Miss Rockwell says she had n special invitation to do so from Miss Mac. Alice O'Donnell also SDcnt a quiet afternoon in Miss Mac's tent at the same hour, Alice says her engraved i'nvitation came to her by special messenger. It might be here remarked that the entire Camp appreciated the special courtesies extended to these members du.ring Q,uiet Hour. Nurse and Mrs, Dickinson issued c~rds for an At Home in the Hospital on Tuesday from four to six. Their bed is ~11 fluffed up now. They wish it se1.t on. The Owlettc tent will entertain at a Musicnl ·iriuncdic'..tcly e.ftcr Swinuning Hour - n Friday ~ftcrnoon. Son:conc--wc don't know who. is prc:J;Lr_ng for n D~te Pnrty. Everybody 11.'r~o knows where c'.nd when 2nd how -chis party is to be• :i. s L1V::. tea.. Tt e B~av0T:s announce a pow wow a~uvnd thclT new totem pole, �. I OUR OFFIC:B.:RS i GOD BLES3 THEM, By Joe Ir~y & Lut Ish, Joss 'Mac as ca1;tain ia a. wonder Who n~vor ste~s out from under The lo~d of her care She smiles and does bear And how we all love her by thunder We now introduce Mrs. Downer, And n·o high waves ever shall drown' er With her curls powdered white She did £.1,ct here one night And for this all the angles will crovm I er. Of course we all fmror the Our Ebeling' s official _;.:patcher, And there i sn 1 t one who can :rr.atch' er She n:akcs trousers old Look again brave and bold And in base ball there's no one can catch'cr, cook But on us he never does look Oh a wonder is Mac Who spared us hard tack And gives us best food from his cook book. One O'Donnell is oft in the dishpan She gets there as often as she can At 500 as well She wins by some spell And at baseball she never does fan, And Lieutenant I,V.D. Oh. a wonderful dancer is •shc She slides o 1 or tho floor, And when you ask for one more "I have the next dance," she eeys sweetly. A maiden with spirit so sunny, C~lled all in the camp 11 0h my honey" She wanted a cowboy To fill her with joy Till she learned that they were short of money. g_,.. there 1 s Jv!yrna Shedden all burdens will bear Of Troop 4 she takes excellent on.re She 1 s the one who works best And can stand the dish test And nev.3r says II I I vc done m:>' share, 11 Now coraes one who knows stories galore But who quite fails to spill enough • gore So they gave her a grave If I told you all good things And a job with a troop of Ge.go And for pastime she writes verses pore. It would fill all the rest of this page Let us remember our dear mother Vail So ! 1 11 let you dccido Who loves as we do the trail · Why we all love this bride That comes to the 1ake And why in the camp shots the Where our worries we shake rage. And never her charges she'll fail. Dr. Jenkins came down to the camp our Singer Dick fills us with To teach how the moon lights her lnmp pleasure To tell of tho stars As she sings ench melosious Of Venus and. lh rs measure, And of bandits ,'!ho ni:nr here did tramp. We stf'..rt on the beat And we never do ~heat The man who kno'?TS all about flowers i,,Jh0re she askr, us to do a new· Came with u~ tn Ppond a f-b,.cr hours singinu; feat. He told vt' -t-b.e :Jo :.·0 While we beer•~:.'. L5.r.! f nr more-ah Theah is a dcah nuss from the sea And "SnlL: 1; is the uevr cry of ours. m10 will fix up a hwn.ht r..t v.. :plea :Bu-'G tho buz of a boo, · • }:1:.kes hor cry out 11 oo;c·c 11 , "Don't hurt little Me.ble whb loves thoe. �WANTED - .fine good b al l playe rs to substitute for ~h e Off icers. . Mrs. Gage. W~TED - Four K.P.' s guaranteed to be as efficient as l1ar garet Rockwell. -Th e Cook. WANTED - A boat ride. Guess Who. WANTED ➔ 4 pair of non-bustible hosiery. Ruth Va.il. WAl~TED ~ A real live cowboy, complete with chaps, sp•rs and a ten gallon hat. F. M. W. WANTED - New fields to conquet. Martha Anderson. WANTED - A hammer guaranteed to hit the nail every time. Mrs. ~ryde. WANTED - More men around. Jack Dewar. 0 WltNTED - A place to put al l the specials the cook fe e ds me, Bell Ba.jot. WANTED - A camp •just 1 ike this one next year. , Everybody, WA.!.~TED - A few les s orders for gum to t ake to PinedaJ.e, Mr s . Pryde. LOS T , 6 TRAYED A..\TD STOLEN. L JS~ - Qne perfectly good Wolf due to the breaking up of Camp. L.P. LOST - My night clothes in the evening and my dgzy clothes in the morning, Margaret R, WANTED - A bee to' buzz at ·me, also the ability Tt6~ ' say hurt and burn like a westerner. Nurse. WANTED - A barrel until I can find Mrs, Ebeling The Needy. LOST - My yesterday's girl . • ll:. D, WANTED - A corner on a horse, Gertrude Gilpin. WANTED - A clue to the author of this verue: We're out for gore, We're out for more, We're at your door, The Camp, YfANTED - Another tent officer like Joe Irby. Kiss l~ac; WANTED - A name for my sickness. Enid Stark. VI.ANTED - Trees with hid'ler .limbs on . The Tall ones. LOST - Not a speck of my enth usmasm. Joie Irby, LOST - My receipe for a date pudding. Miss WJ.ac. �NIDIBERS - - - - 66 who have sunburned necks - - - - - - - 65. 11 think Mac is a good cook - - - - -- - - 6t> 11 have tried to vamp Jaclc - - - - -- - - - 63 " have succeeded ... - - - - - - - - - -N01'1E 11 11 Don 1 t have time 11 to l)re1Jare a 11ro:per toilet - 64 11 can play organ - - - - 5 II try t O ... - ... - - ... - ... - - - - - - - ... 59 11 took dinner to the woods - - - - - - - - 3 11 won 1 t try it a ::;ain - - - - - - - - 3 " have bobbed hair - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - 62 " wish theirs bobbed ... - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 11 put on dresses for 11 a reason" - - - - ... - - - -24 11 wish they had 11 reasons 11 - - - - - - - - - - - -34 11 have dishes they brought out - - - - - - O 11 have some one ~lse's - - - - - - - - 66 11 have had a hot bath since July 20 -- - ... o· 11 want: one --- -- -K - - - - - 66 11 have slept with chip mun..'lcs - - - - - - - 66 " want to - - - - - -- - - - - - - - 0 " were glad to see the R.S. boys - - - - - 66 11 were sorry to see them go ... - - - - -- - 66 11 take morning dip - ~ - - ... - - - - - 6 11 like to - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - 0 11 umpired. Fridays baseball game - - ... - ... - - - - l 11 tried to - - - - - - - - - - ..... - - - - - - - 18 11 are lJoints in Rotary Club - - - - - - - - -- - 10 11 want to be - - - - - - - - - - 56 11 took their turn at K. P. - - 66 11 continued. 011 K. P. - - - - - - - - 5 11 e.re ca.11 ed. Iv:ac •·• - - - - - - - - - - ? too many. No, of girls in camp - - - - - - - - - - II 11 II II II II II II II II II II " II II u II II n II II fr "II II II II "II II ff �Ill OUR G]RL SCOUT ClOlMP Nczw Fork Lake ~~ -~ The Owlcztte Tepees if~11 The, Qobbers Cabin � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Girl Scouts Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1925 Subject The topic of the resource Collection of communications regarding the UPCC Rock Springs Girl Scouts camp. Description An account of the resource 11.5"" x 8" manila folder with loose pages. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0024 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1de80112faf8b23ce7fd255132d45af5.pdf efa0e7e7382ae56747f2bb5697f59745 PDF Text Text PROBLEIVI NO ........ . ... . TEAMNO ............ . JJudlges lDiscouint §heet NOTE-Tea.ms shall not be dis<>onnted m0rc than once for any one mistake in the same problem where such mistake may be discounted under more than one of the 15 sections of disr-ounts. 'reams shall be additionally discount.eel for repetition of the same mistakes in the same probl em; for example two tight bandages, 4 points discount ; three granny knots, 3 points discount, etc. Teams shall not be discount.eel for doing more tlfan the problem calls for unless it is detrimental to the patient. l1rtcraft ~,,, printrrs �I i \ I DISCOUNT 1. General: (a) Treating wroug condit!on (dislocation for fracture, Sunstroke for heat exhaustion, etc.) (each) .... . ... . .. . ..... 6 ....... . (b) 'freating wrong lo cation of injury (wrong side of body, arm for forearm, thigll fo r l eg, etc.) (each) .. _. .......... 4 ....... . (c No~ treating injuries iu their proper order (most severe one first, etc. ) (each ) • • • • • • .. • • • • ........................ 4 ....... . (d) Not taking sufficient material t o complete problem (each trip back) . ... • • • • • • · · · · · • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... . ,. . ....... 2 ....... . (e) Un clean fi rst-aid material (compress, bandage, etc.) (each) 2 ..... •.. . (£) Assistance len t by patient (phy ical or verbal, (each time) 2 ....... . (g) Rough , awkwa rd, or unneces ary handlin g of patient (each infraction ) .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . • .. . .. .. . . ......... . ... 4 ....... . (h) Lack of at tent ion by team meiubers ( each infraction) .... 2 ....... . (i) La ck of neatn c (compress, bandage, splint, padding, etc.) (each) .. . .. ..... .... . ... ..... . . . .. . . . . ......... . .... 1 ....... . (j) Slowness in work (each minute or frac tion over time) . .. . . . 1. ...... . 2. Artificial Respiration : (a) Not givin g ar tificial re piration (in requir ed cases) ....... 20 ....... . (b) Unn ecessa ry dcl a:v in starting artific ial respiration . ....... 8 ....... . (c) Not removing patient from dangerous gas, roof, wire, etc. 6 ....... . (d) Not iusnla ting or pr otecting one ·elf wh en r emoving patient from electr ic wir e O l' da ngerous gas ..... . ...... . ........ 6 ....... . (e) Not demonst r at i11g method of cut ting off current or remov. ing water if clrom1ing case (each infrac tion ) .. .. .. ...... 2 ....... . (f Not pla ci ng patien t in proper posit ion (body, hea d, arms, etc. ) .. .. . . . .. . . . .. ..... .. . .. .. .. ... .......... . ...... 2 . ...... . (g) r ot loosening ti ght clot hing (neck and waistline) (each) 2 ....... . (h) Not removin g fo reign substances from mout h .. .......... 2 .... ,, • • (i) Not seeing that th e ton gue is in proper position . . ......... 2 ...... • • (j) Incorrect method (Sylvester for prone method, etc.) (each man) ... ... ... . ............... . . ... .. . ........ 4 ....••. , (k) Incorrect position of operator causing inefficient respiration (each man) ................. . ......... . .........• 4. • • • • • • • (1) Improper position of operator 's hands (each man) ..... ••• 2. • • • • • • • (m) Swinging too far forward when applying pressure (each man) ................. . ...... . ............... . ...... 2 •••• • • • • (n) Bending elbows (prone method) (each man) .... •••••···· 2 • • • • • • • • (o) Not removing hands and assuming proper position between applications of pressure (each man) ........ •••·········· 2 • • • • • • • • (p) Incorrect timing: For each second or fraction thereof ov~r ~! _under 60 seconds in giving 15 complete strokes of artificial respiration (each infraction) ..... •••·············.¼ No. 1 man . ..... .. ..... . ... . .. . .. . . ••• ·· ············ • • • • • • • • No. 2 man .................... . - .. • • - - · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • No. 3 1nan ..... . ............. - . . . - • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • No. • • • • • • • •. N 4 man .................. . .... . - - • • . •. · • • • • • • • • • • • ....... (q) Bre~ki:g ~~~~-h~· ;!~~~ ·~1~~~~i1~~ •~l~~~.;t~1;s· ·(~~~h· ~;~j :_: 4 • • • • • • • • (r) 1'.ea~ member not giving artificial respiration when speci- 6 _...... . fled m problem (each man) . .. •••············ · ·:······· 2 (s) Not placing pad uudn· shoulder (Sylvester method)······ • • • • • • • • �3. Control of Bleeding and Use of To . • urruquets: DISCOUNT (a) Not controlli ng a r teria l ble d. . (b) ~ot appl ying di o·ital p r s u ; e r eql~!red ca es ) ..... 20 . .... ial bleeding . . . . . . porauly control arter- l~\~: ( c) Unnecessary d ela y i~· ~~p· l ~,ii~~- ·~lio:1:t· l· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · 8. · • ..... • · • J "' a p r • ur e ( d) In e ff ectiv e ch g1ta l pre sure ( off . . • • • • • • • • • • • 4 • • • ... . . (e ) R elea sin o· d io•· · 1 , .. p i e Snrc p oi nt, (' tc.) . .. . 4 "' . "'1ta pr e . m befo r e to nrniciu t i a li •••• • ••• (f ) No t apply m g t our niqu t in r equired ca , PP ed • • • • 2 •• • . . .. . (g ) Appli cati on of t ourniqu t O a not to ~ • • b.l . • • : • • • • • • • •12 • • • • • • · · (h) r ot 1 . op ee(1m g 8 . ap p y rn~· t ourniqu et lo o ely in comp ound fra ctm:~ • ~~~ • • • • • • • • i) 11,avmg: a r teria l bleedin g (limb only ) . . . . . . ..... ... . 6 ( 'Io.m m qu et appli d o as to top bl e ding but at. " _-r·o·i;; • ••• • ••• pom t . . . . . . . . . . . o (j ) ~ ;fcu r e .t? urniqu; t.· ·(bi~~ic··~ 1~t· £~111~· •1 ;~t· ;1~4 • • • • • • • • k n ,,, 1 ~ ~ 0s1tio~, 01: tick no t a~cl~ored , et?.) . . . . . ... . .. .. .. 2 ... . ... . ( ) Tomn~qu et clpph d , o as t o mJm· patien t (pinchm•~ n ot w~·appmg pad, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "'' 2 ....... . (l) Bmd1.ng .or co_v 1·i11g. tourni qu et " ·it h c1r '·siug· (;~· l~ ) : : : : 2 .. . .... . (m) App li.cat10Il: of tourmqu et when n ot nece~ ary or tin·hte11 ino ~ourmqn et m compo u rici fr acture n ot ha Yi ng ar te ri: l bleel · 1~0' (ea ch _) .... . .. . . ...... . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . . ..... . .. 4 ....... . (n) Not el evati_ng head ~sever e bleeding of head only) . . . .. . .. 2 ....... . (o) Not lo osenmg t ourniquet at 10-minn t, in terva l · .. . .. .. . . . 4 .. ..... . ~~c1~;.·b;~d: • 4. Physical Shock and Use of SUmula-nts : (a) Not rendering any shock treat ment in r equired casl'. . . .. . 12 .. . .. .. . (b) Unn ecessary d elay in s tarhn g hock t r >ut men L . . .. . ... . . 4 . ...... . (c) Improper position of p at ient (h ea d to o hi gli. etc. ) . .. ... . 2 . ..... . . ( d) Not remo,in g foreign sub sta n ces from mou t h .. .. . . .. . .. 2 . . .. . .. . (e) Not seeing tbat tongu e is in p r op er po ition . ... . . .. .. .. 2 .... .. . . (f) Not loosening tight clothin g at n eck and ,mi tli11 c ( aeh infraction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . ...... . (g) Not covering or improper co, erin g of pa t ien t .. ... . .. .... 2 ...... • • (h) Not giving stimulant in r equired cases . ... . ..... .. . . ..... 4. • • • • • • • (i) Giving stimulant to patient havin g s knll fractul'c. apopl exy, sunstroke or internal bleeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 • • • • • • • • (j) Giving ~con·scions patient stimnla11t by month (ea ch infraction) ................. .• . . . . . . . . . 4. • • • • • • • (k) Giving stimulant by nose and not b_v month when patient is conscious (each iufra ction ) ...... . ........ . ... . ..• • • • 2. • • • • • • • (1) Giving stimulant be fore Lleed_iu.g is eoutrolled . .. • • • • • • • • 2. • • • • • • • (m) Not testing stimnlaut ,Y11en grvmg- by nose or mouth (each ....... . infraction ) ........... . ............. •: .... • •.••• • ._. • • 2 ( 11 ) Not using- or improper use of or not trstmg heat applica- . • ) .. . ............. : . • •. •: • • • • • • • • • 2. • ...... . ( ea c II HJ . f ract10n holls Applying; hcatl'd objects or coYei-ing patient with blanket o) ( t· ) ••••• • • • • • •. ·: • • • • • • • 6 .. • .. • .. • f in s unstroke ( each 111 ra c 1011 (p) N ot ruLbiug 01· improper rul,biug of extremitiel.'. • • • • • • • • 2 • • • • • • • • 5. Wounds: d 10 . •••• (a) Not- applying any drcssiu_g ~or a. woun •. • • .'. • ····;···a)·· 6 ::: .... . (b) Not being aseptic (each n~fract1on even 1f same "mm • • 4 . . ..... . ( c) Not usiuCY comprl'SS or sterile gauze • • • • • • • • ·: • • • • • • • • ,' •i • ( 1) Compres~ improper! y applied ( wound uot rnt1rcly cov)e1 ec' •;:, .. c wrong i~cation, method, position of knot, etc.) (ea~~.:::: ( e) 'l'ight or loose compress • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 ) (f) Insecure or incomplete or granny knot ( compresses on Y 1 ....... . (P~eh) .......... •················· •••••• • •••• •••••• 2:::::: .. DISCOUNT 6. Burns or Scalds: (a) ot applying any d.ressing ·for a burn or scald .......... 10 ....... . (b) Not being aseptic ( each infraction even H same burn or scald) .... . .. . .. • •. •. • .. • • • •. • ........... •. ........... 6 ....... . (c) Not entirely covering burn (picric acid gauze) ........... 4 ....... . (d ) Not placin g picri c acid gauze between fingers, toes, back of ears, etc. ( each omission ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ....... . (e) 1 ot moistening or not ii1dicating that picric acid gauze is moist .. . .. . ..... . ... . ...... . ... . ................... 2 ....... . (f ) Applyin (J' picric acid gauze too tight (each piece) ........ 2 ....... . 7. Bruises, Strains, and Sprains: (a ) Not r endering any t r eatment fo r a bruise, strain, or sprain (each infraction ) . .. . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . .... . .. . ........ 6 .. , .... . (b) ] 'ailure to apply cold applications or elevate bruise (when p ractical ) ( a ch infr action ) . ........ .. ............. . .. 2 ....... . (c) Failure to appl y hot applications and massage strain (each) 2 ... . ... . (d ) ! ~ilur ~ to bind and elevate spring (when practical) (each inf raction) . . ....... . . . .... .. ........................ 2 ....... . 8. Dislocations: (a ) Not reducing or t reating dislo cations of lower jaw, fingei-s, or toe ( ach ) . . . ... . .. . . .... . ..... . ................. 6 ....... . (b) rot plac in(J' wedge between teeth (dislocated jaw) ....... 2 ....... . ( ·) Not tr •ating di lo cations other than (a) (each) ........... 10 ....... . (cl ) Jot placing limb in proper position for treatment . . ....... 2 ....... . 9. Fractures:, (a ) No t trea ting frac ture of skull , spine, neck, pelvis, or thigh (e ach) .. . . . .. . ................... . ................ ,.. 16 .. . .... . (b) Not t reafoi g fractures other than (a) (each) ............ 10 ..... • • • (c) Not elevatin g head of patient with fracture of skull ...... 4 ....... . (d ) Not appl ying cold application to fracture of skull where ther e i no open wound ...... .. .. . .... . ............ . .. . . 2 ...... • • (e) r ot straightening or improper straightening of fractured li1nb ...... .. ...... . ................................. 2 ....... . (f) Not supporting or improper support of fractured limb until splints are applied .... . ..... . ............ . ............ 4 .••••••• (g) Placing wedge between teeth in fracture of lower jaw ..... 4 ..•••. • • 10. Application of Splints and Padding: (a) Improper splint (cleats, marks, length, width, etc.) ........ 2 ..• • • •• • (b) Use of prepared padding or previously padded spl~t .....• 4 .. • • • • • • (c) Use of prepared padding or previously padded splmt ..... 4. • • • • • • • (cl) Improper or insufficient padding (no arch over wound of compound fracture or over tourniquet, etc.) (each dressin.g) 4 • •..•• •. (e) Failure to place pad under knot in required cases (each mfraction) .......... , ............................. . ... 2 .••••• • • (f) Failure to test splint used in dislocated hip and fracture of neck, spine, or pelvis ................................ , • 4 • • • • • • • • 11. Application of Cravat or Triangular Bandages: (a) Not usin(J' cravat or triangular bandage in required cases (wounds~ dislocations, fractm·es, burns, tying arm~ of m:conscious person for transportation etc.) or not_ u~mg sufficient bandages to complete dressing (each om1ss10n) .• • • 4. • • • • • • • �DISCOUN71' (b) Improperly applied cravat or triangular bandage (compress not entirely covered, wrong method, wrong location, wrong position of knot) ( each infraction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ....... . (c) Applying bandages in wrong order (each bandage) ....... 2 ....... . (d) Cravat or triangular bandage too tight or too loose (each). 2 ....... . (e) Failure to use sling in required cases .......... .. ........ 2 ....... . (f) Wrong type of sling or sling improp erly applied. . . . . . . . . 1 .. .. . .. . (g) Insecure, incomplete, or granny knot (bandag·cs ou ly) (each) ......................... . ... . ......... . ... . .. 1 . ... ... . 12. Rupture: (a) Not rendering any t reatment ........................... 8 .. . ... . . (b) Improper position of patient (knees not raised and held in pl ace by padding and bandages) ........................ 4 .... . . . . ( c) F ailure to apply cold applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ....... . 13. Poisons, Apoplexy, and Snakebites: (a) Failure to r ender any treat ment ........................ 12 . . . . .. . . (b) Not applying constricting bandage in sn akebit e . ........ 10 ... . .. . . (e) Failure to loosen constricting banda ge every 20 minut es .. 2 . . ..... . ( cl) Not elevating head of patient having apoplexy. . . . . . . . . . 4 ...... . . (e ) Incomplete treat ment. (each omi,;sion) ... . ........... . ... 2 . ...... . 14. Fainting, Sunstroke, Heat Exhaustion, Frostbites, and Freezing-: (a) Failure to r ender any treatment . ..... . .. .... .... . .... . . 8 ....... . (b) Improper position of patient (head, body, etc.) .... .. ..... 4 . .. .... . ( c) Incomplete treatment ( each omissi on ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . .. . ... . 15. Transportation, Lifting, and Lowering: (a) Not testing stretcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ....... . (b) Not loading patient in required cases .. ... . .. . ... .. .. . . .. 8 . .. . ... . (e) Loading on stretcher but failing to carry patient .......... 4 ....... . (d) Improper construction of improvised stretcher ........... 2 ... .... . (e) Lifting patient from wrong side (three men on least injured side) .......................... . . .. .. . ..... . ......... 2 ..... . . . (f) Improper lifting or lowering (wrong knee, etc.) ( ea ch man) 2 ....... . (g) Impropr r carryiug (wron g step, etc.) (each man) .... . .. . 2 .. . ... . . (h) Not crossing obstucle or loading ambulance in r equired cases ..... . .................... .. .................... 2 ... . ... . (i) Not unloadiug patient from stretcher in required cases... 2 ....... . (j) Captain not commanding properly ( each infraction) ...... 2 . . .... . . (k ) Team membe1· not ob<'yiug c-ommaud (each infraetion) . . . . 2 . ...... . 'l'otal. . . .................... . ... 500 TOTAL DISCOUNTS ............ . ... TOTAL CREDITS .................. . Hecor<ler .............. ... ........... Judges ... . ............... .. .... . .. . � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/fd7f0101a0b07758d2e0c26085acfa7b.pdf 4490a7087f53fc2da8c7e2c1562f9a46 PDF Text Text I SFR.t.1~¾8, LD ,. Y- ~5S , C1 ...ii.L:>J.- u! T·_o Union i-vC ~. :-- ~ c Ge.1. e:i..a.:.. D ooooe c>OO O OO "~ • • Oo o , o o o o a o o o o c . O o • 0 • .) �Sffifi=Lll'JIJU&. StwE'Yi l'.1EE'i.1Im'o ~S'E HALli OF ir~~ 0200 f otlo = u'fflUARY ll.9 1~~ ., .., o • o 0:! 0 00 o~oo 170•3 O?~otlO &i~t.y 'U'Ql"BG IT~ B 0!; o Mni\!\rii~ Voloo 11tl1i> r. ~1 G ;JoO mt ity ol~o We:"' !l!"" • o 02;i>o 1'..b0iWI'=··v- icl '.J ODE' E@3tl a " o 0 0 o ~~C=l{@~~IUo o o o o o o a · c ' oS ~ i ·®i{ ©!@t 00 ""'h .S cc, 0 0 0 0 0 0 oO!~ c;: 0 0 0 IJ ;:, 0 0 0 0 0 IJ 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 ;:, 0 0 0 0 0 0 "' 0 0 0 0 fto];i~o C, C \'l:w£ a 0 0 l:'iGrf' 0 0 6 a 0 0. 0 $u H 0 ,'::& ll'Dllo S."o l.,2);)o .:.0 @£ :l<e'!.;,:) D trcl ~-~~ 1~ t@ ~0@~~~ P©4c::l .c: ~~ 0 ½ :.) p :n oo:!l 01? ooi • C'.)o �·I 0 , 0 0 0 0 0 u ,_. ., 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 C I,) _.,.0 !J o o O ~ a ~ 0 0 0 0 0 V 0 C O 0 D 0 0 0 0 t,l .. 0 ... �SPV:=M . £ SAf:·ET'J. MEE'.?II'v: l?RXDAY!I ·E RUN llD l~kk = GsOO d- !!11-8D 0 l'J.int .., 0 C 0 C O O O 0 ID O U 0 :, O O 0 o C, "l C O 0 \1 O end Han S w.o st . '-' .r3., ~ Ct ¢ 0 0 0 C- 0 0 0 • Q V ..,_ 0 - 0 O(JIJOOb O 0 • O O 0 C O O 0 n · ..> nw 0 0 r, o 0 O 0 O C 0 0 O O O O ~ 0 0 0 O ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o • " o • o o c a C O O O O O O O !/ F' . 0 6 O O 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 ��' ' '. . (_ �p,..,R O GRAM .... ~ - - - - - - ~ c : : : : 2 SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FRIDAY, · AUGUST 23, 1946 •- 8:00 Pollio Old Time~s• Building, Rock Springs Community Halls at E•Plane, Relianoe, Winton, Sup.011 or ruid Ste.21$bUey Theatre at Hanna Br-o~c~·t ~y Radio Station K'!RS "America" o o o o o o o •• a a •• o o Cl O O Rock Springs Band o O ( Jrunes Sartoris, C0ndu9tor) / , Invocation 0 o o G o o o o o O o o o o o o O O I --... f - (- I - " '- , Reva Vincent Crane 0 Remarks by Chairman o • 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 O o Ho C. Livingston Selection 0 • 0 • 0 0 G a 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 O o O O O 0 Remarks o o 0 • 0 O 0 0 O . Piano SoloD Selected o o b R. D. Reeder, Ass •t . Supervisi ng Engr0 D~str:i.ct H, UJ s. Bureau of Mines Salt Le.ke City.I) Utah O Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Selected o o o o o o o 0 0 o o o o o o a Speaker of the Evening • o o • o ••• o o. Vocal Solo, Selected o o o Nebeker Sisters • o • Introduction to Dra,ving o o . o o . o o 0 o o O 0 o 0 Elinor DeGuio o a • o • ~ Rock Springs Band ( Jame s Sa..r tori s . Conductor) I) a o 0 0 o • • a o • • , I a N. Bayless President 0 0 Q 0 • 0 o Martin Botero (I o o Michael Reid Drawing for Safety Awards by Michael Reid, ~ssisted 1y Miss Cecile Po t ochnik and Harold Cook "Star Spangled Banner" 0 -o • •. o o o 0 • o o o o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris 1 Conductor) Drawing for "Free-for-all" Prize --' ' �NOT IC .E ------SEMI- ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FIRST HALF OF 19-!6 8:00 P.M. - AUGUST 23 9 1946 First~ · • o o ~ o o o o o o o Chevro l et Sedan Secohd~o' o ~75~00 Maturity Va lue Victo?y Bond Third o · o $50000 Mntur i ty Value Victory Bond Fourth · o ,., o {~25;,00 Matu:dty Value Vi c tory Bond Fifth o o ~~ 25;00 Maturity Va l ue Vic tory Bond Sixth o o $250 00 Matu r ity Value Victory Bond Fre e~.for =all o o o o o o o o o Suit; of Clo.the e PLACES OF MEETINGS Ro·ck Springs ·o ' o • o ' o o ·o Ol d 'Timerst Bui l dii'l..g; E..Pla11e .,. ' o o • o ·o ' o • o o o o o Corom\!ni ty !fall Relia.nce o ' o · o o ' o o ' o ' o ; o Com uni ty Hall Stansbu:ry ' o · o · o ' o · o ' o o o o · o Conurm.trit•· Hall Winton o o o' ..,· o· o· o· o· o ; .o a Community Hall Superio r o ·o ·o 'o ·a ··o ·o 'o ·o • o o" Co'mmi.mi ty Hall Hanna o o a o o. o .o o o o o a o o o o 'l'heat:re RU LES la. All day workersi> suTfa.ce and unde rgr ound 0 who :. e names e.ppear on the pay r olls for the second pay period i u Apr i l 0 1946 0 and the second pay period in June.1.> 1946, who have no t suGtained a lost-time injury during the first si x mont hs of 19 46 0 ~nd h~ve not l ef t the service and been rehi r ed during the peri od Ap:ri l 16 to June 30 11 1946, will be eligible to ·participate i n the dr<1.wing_,, All nonuni on employeesp including Unit Foremen 0 are not eligible t o par ticipate 0 2o Lis t s of the men eligible t o participat e in the se awnrds will be made at the distr ict mine offi ces and for'i.:.rarded to the Auditing Depar tment to be checked.o The reafter» t he name of eaeh man on the lists will be put int o a capsule and deposi ted in a locked box; this box to r emain in the possess ion of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing 0 3o To vi n·11 an employee, unless at wor-k dm-i ng the dravTing, must be present at one of the Safety meetings ; for e:ice.mple.1.> a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Spring& meeting or any of the other meetings s hould he choose to dq soo A District may win ·only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which ,will be classed as a "Free-for- all" pr ize and vr.ill be drawn last. All men at all districts; subject to Rule Noo l, will be eligible for t~i~ prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules contain~ ing the names into a bowl• s. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. s. A small girl. blindfolded, will draw one capsule from _the bowlD The man whose name is. written thereon will be the winner of the grand prize (subject to Rule Noo S)o If~ for any reason, the ma.n does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determinedo This pr ocess will be repeated to detennine the winner of the second pr ize of Victory Savings Bonds with a maturity value of $75 , the thi rd prize of a $50 Victory Savings Bond, and the fourth, fi fth and sixth prizes of $25 Victory Savings Bonds, as well as the 11 .f'r ee ... for - all" prize of a suit of clothes. The Union Paoit'io Coal Compaey Rock Springs, Wyoming August 19, 1946 �PROGR1\.I1: -----·S:Si!....I-ANNUAL Si,F:::TY L.:EETIHG FRIDAY, PZDRUAf:.Y 22, 1946 -- 8:00 P.I.i. Old Timers' Buildini:;, Rock 3prings School House at Stansbury, Theatre at Hanna Community Halls at E-Plane, Reliance, ·.- rinton and Superior Broadcast by Radio Sto.tion KVRS 11 America1t • · o Invocation · D o o o o o. c, ·o tr Remarks by Chairman o I1;a.1e Quartet .0 Remarks~ o- o Selected o q o o O o :.0 o o ·o o. o o o o o • o 0 Remarks o .. o. o ., ., ,,. o o o ., ·o o o o., a ., .,.. ,. •• ,. 0 .,. • o · o • o • 1,. o o · ., Vv 0., luurray General Manager o o o a ... o ·o .. .,. ., o. o ·o Io Bayless President No ,.. o o v o Eary :!!:leaner Sharp Accompanied by Lucille Laxwell .. 0 0 o ,, ~ ... o Hugh 1.:cCleod State ' Coal L~ne Inspector o ., Rev. Vincent Crane, Frank Dye~ 0 Clarence Seeburg and Carl Benson ......... Intr?duction to Drawing • Revo Albin Gnid0vec o ·o ., o.,,,, Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) o • • o. o oRev. Vincent Crane, Frank Dye.,. Clarence Seeburg and Carl Benson o· • .. .. • o o o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) E. lio De~y, Supervising Engineer~ District H, U., S,,. Bureau of 1'iines 0 e1 o ·o o .. , •., Ii.ale Quartet .. ... • • • ,;. •' Romarks ..... • • o '7 o · o ·o o Speaker of the Evening o Vibraharp solo .,· o o ·o o 'o o •• o • ... 0 C> 0 o- ., o· o 0- Harry 1.;. Tibbs 0 Personnel hlanager • o Licha.el Reed Drawing for Safety Awards by liichael Reedi, assisted by 1,:iss Carol Ann Samuels and Harold Cook •. "Star Spangled Dannertt • • • • ., Drawing for 11 Free-for-all 11 Priz~ ~ ., ~ C> • o ., Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) �. _____ PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING Friday - Feb. 28, 1947 - 8:00 P4 M, Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls at E-Plane, Reliance, Winton, Superior and stansburyo Theatre at Hanna~ Broadcast by Radio station KVRS "America Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Revd Geo o Wo Ridgeway Invocation Remarks by Chairman Ho C. Livingston A Capella Choir superior High School (Eugene Evans$ Director)· Remarks Do Reeder, ·Assistant supervising Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines • 6alt Lake City RQ 0 selection Rock Sprihgs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Speaker of the Evening John Eo Gross (Department of Labor, USES Denver0 Colorado) Remarks Introduction to drawing !o NQ Bayless, President Michael Reid Drawing for Safety Awards by Michael Reid assisted by Marilyn Jean Nesbit and Harold Cook, U. M. H.,, of Ait, Rock Springs. 11 Star Spangled Banner" Drawing for 11 Free-for-all 11 Prize. Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING SATURDAY - AUGUST 23, 1947 - 8:00 P.M. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - E-Plane, Reliance, Winton, Superior, and Stansbury Theatre - Hanna BROADChST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S • . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) America . . . . . . . . . . Invocation . . . . . Remarks by Chairman . . • • d o • .. . Violin ~olo "Dance of the Russian Peasant" . O . .. Remarks 0 • • o O 0 • • . . Rev. Jd.ffies E. Shapland . . . . . v. O. Murray . . James Herd, Jr. . . . E. H. Denny, Supervising Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. Salt Lake City, Utah Selection • . . . • . . • . . . • . . . . . • . . . . • . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Remarks. .. Remarks. Introduction to Drawing. Drawing for Safety Awards .Hugh McLeod, state Coal Inspector . .. I. N.. Bayless, President .. btar Spangled Banner. . . . . . . . . . Drav1ing for 11 free-for-all 11 Prize .. . . . . Michael Reid .Michael Reid, Assisted By Carol Lee Crawford Harold Cook, U.M.W .A., Rock Springs . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) �THE UNION PACIFIC CO.itL COI.1P!-J.'IY SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY ?,!SETING FIRST HALF OF 1947 ,,.. 8:00 P. M. - AUGUST 23, 1947 First Prize . 1. . ' .- • . 7 Foot Coldwall Frigidaire . . . . . ,Console Radio Second Prize. . . ._ :~ , . Third Prize . . . •. . , . .Frigidaire Home Freezer Four t h Prize . . . . . . . . RJ 40 Electric Range Fifth Prize . . . . . . Kroehler Overstuff with Chair Sixt h Prize . . .. , . . . El ectric was hing Machine Free- fo r-all . . . . . . . . . . ,Suit of Clothes PL;.CES OF LiEETINGS Race Sp~ gs . . . Relianc e . . , , . Stansbur y . . . . . . Wint on . , .. • Superior. ,Hanna ... ..-:' E- Plane .~ .--. .. . Old Timer s ' Buildini . . Commun i t y Hal;i. Comrnuni t y HaJ.+ . . . Community HaJ;l.< • • I . • Comr.:iun1.ty Hall . . Communi t y Hal.\L . . . . . . . . Theatr~- RULES 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the pay rolls for the second pay period in . April, 1947, and the second pay period in June, 1947 who have not sus t ained a lost-time injury during the first six. months of 1947, and have not l eft t he service and been rehired during the period April 16, 1947, to June 30, 1947, inclusive, will be eligible to participat e in the drawing. All non-union ernployes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible t o participate. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these m,iards will be made at the district mine offices anc.i. forwarded to the Auditing Department to be checked. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists. will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department unt il the night of the drawing. 2. 3. To win, an employee, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a "free-for-all" prize and will be drawn last. All men at all district.s (subject to ~ule No. 1) will be eligible for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. - ~su.le-s-w±tl-them-be--thoroughi..y- mix-ed-; A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man 1/. whose name is written thereon will be the wilmer of the grand prize (subject to Rule No. 3). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the 11 frce-forall 11 prize. �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL CO:MPANY NQ.119..§. · SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING LAST HALF OF 1947 8:00 P.M. - FEBRUARY 20, 1948 First Prize . • . . . . . . . . Winton . . . '.•. . . ,.__,.. • 'fwo Frigidaire"B Second Prize . . . . . • . .Rock Springs. . •. ~ Tt~o .BJ40 Electric Ranges Third' Prize . . . Stansbur~. . Two l,aytag Hashing 1..:achines Fourth Prize. . ./\!-Janna. . . Double Stainless Steel Sink Fifth Prize . . . . Reliance . . . . . . . . . Console Radio Sixth Frize. . . Superior . . . . . $100000 Grocery Order ).'Free-for-all". . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suit of Clothes All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the pay rolls for the second pay period in October, 1947, and the second pay period in December, 1947, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the last .six months of 1947, and have not left the service and been rehired during the period October 16, 1947, to February 20, 1948, inclusive, will be eligible to participate in t he drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 1. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these avmrds will be made at the district mine offices and forwarded to the Auditing Department to be che cked. Thereafter, the .name. of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the posession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win, an employe, unless at work during the drav•i ing. must be present at one of the Safety i . cetings; for example, a man working at Hinton and living in H.ock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, ,•1hich will be classed as a 11 free-for-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts (subject to Rule 1!o. 1) will be eligible for this prize. 4. A separate drawing will be conducted for each district in order of prizes won. 5. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the grand prize (subject to Rule J'lo. 3). If, for an;y r eason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is deterr.'.ined. This ·p rocess will be repeated for the five remaining districts to determine the winnar of the prize awarded the respective districts. 6. After the six major prizes have been a11~arded, capsules for all dis-= districts viill be placed in a large bowl, and thoroughly mixed, after whic~ the winner of the 11 free-for-all 11 prize will be determined. �ef PROGRA M SEL.I-AtmUAL SAFETY MEETING FRID.I\Y - FEBRUARY 20, 1948 - 8:00 P . E. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - ~ Plane, Reliance, ~."Tinton, Superior, and Stansbury Theatre - Hanna BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S . America • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Invocation Rev. Fred K. Swett Rem.arks by Chairman. H. C. Livingston Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Remarks • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . Representative U. S. Bureau of Mines Salt Lake City, Utah Alex Braes and Troupe • . . . oAlex Braes, master of Ceremonies Rem.arks. Hugo ::.:cLeod, Stot G Coal ~~ine Inspector Address. I. N. Bayless, President . . . . . . . ~ichael Reid Introduction to Drav1ing . Drawing for Safety Awards . . Michael Reid, Assisted By Karen Kamenski Harold Cook, U.M. W. A., Rock Springs Star Spangled Banner Bsnodiction Drawing for 11 f"ree-for-all" Prize . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) . . . . . . Rev. Fred K. Swett �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FRIDAY - AUGUST 13, 1948 - 8:00 P.M. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community. Halls - E Plane, Reliance, Winton, S~perior, and Stansbury Theatre - Hanna BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S. America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Invocation . . . . . . .Rev. Albin Gnidovec Remarks by Chairman . . . . . H. C. Livingston Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . R. D. Reeder, U.S.B.M. Salt Lake City, Utah George Okano and his Rainbow Rangers . Hugh McLeod, State Coal Mine Inspector Remarks Speaker of the Evening. . I. N. Bayless, President . . . Michael Reid Introduction to Drawing. Drawing for Safety Awards. . .Michael Reid, Assisted by Sharron Lee Sparks Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs star Spangled Banner . . . . . • . • • • . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction . . . . • • • . • Drawing for 11 free-for-all 11 Prize Rev. Albin Gnidovec �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY NOTICE SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FIRST HALF OF 1948 8:00 P. M. - AUGUST 13, 1948 First Prize. Second Prize . . . . Third Prize. Fourth Prize Fifth Prize . Sixth Prize . . • • . . Frigidaire 9-foot Deluxe . • . . . . . RK40 Electric Range Kroehler Davenport Set • . Doernbecker Walnut Bedroom Set . . . Thor Aug~rnatic V/asher . . . . . . . . $100·.oo Groceries ~ 1. All Union F.mployes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the pay rolls for the second pay period in April, 1948, and the second pay period in June, 1948, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the first six months of 1948, and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16 will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and forwarded to the Auditing Department to be checked. Thereafter, thename of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. To win, an emplo.ve, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the safet.v Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A. district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a 11 free-for-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts ( subject to Rule No. 1) will be eligible for this prize. 3. 4 . . Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. J). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repP.~.+.~,, to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prize. �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNlJJ\.L SAF1TY i,,};t<.TING FRIDAY - AUGU0T 19, 1949 - 8:00 P. M. Old Timers I Builciing - Rock Springs Community Hall s - Reliance, Winton, Superior and .'. l tansbury Houna Theatre BROADClS7 BY J~DIO STATION KVRS iJnerica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (J ames Sartoris, Conductor) Invocation . . . . . ,Rev. b . Thomas Rodda Rer.u~ks by Chairman .H . C. Livingston ~election . . . . . . . , Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Reniarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . bartoretto•s Selections . . Re:.:iarks .. . 4 • • • • • • • • .R. D. Reeder, U.S.B.M. Salt Lake City, Utah • . . . . . . . Pete Sartoretto and Company ,Lyman Fearn, &.t ute Conl lJine Inspecto::-· &peaker of the Evening. . . . I. N. Bayless, Presidc,.--i-_, Introduction to Drawing . . . Michael Reid Drawing for .Safety Aviards . . . . . . . Michael Reid, Assisted by Nicki Jean Jelaco Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock ~prings Star Spangled Banner • • • . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drawing for 11 f:-ee-for-all 11 Prize . . . Rev. E. Thomas Rodda �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPhNY SEMJ:-;,NNU;J., S..F:'.:.TY i.IBETING FIRST HALF OF 1949 8:00 P, s..;, - AuGUS'l' 19, 1949 First Prize. Seco1,d Prize Third Prize . . Fourth Prize Fifth Prize . Sixth Prize . . . . . . Frigidaire Home Freezer . . . . . New Deluxe Frigidaire RJ 40 Frigidaire El e ctric stove . Imperial Overstuff set New Gray Dining Room Set . . . . ~?1 00 . 00 Groceries .H.CLBS l. ill Union bmployes, surfac e and w1de rground, whose names appear on the pay rolls for t he second pay period in April, 1949, and the se cond pay period in June , 1949, who ha.ve not sustain ud a lost-time injury during t he first six uonths of 1949, and have net left the s ervic e or been dropped and subsequently re-hired si nc e April 16, 1949, will be eligible to partic ipat e in the drawing, All non-union e1;1ploycs, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 2, Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and forwarded to the Auditing Department to be checked. Thbr eafter, the name of each rn.an on the lists will. be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win, an cmploye, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock bprings may attend thu Rock bprings meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. · A district may viin only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a 11 free-for-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. ~4ll men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule i~o. 1) ~vill be eligible for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing• the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoro:..1.ghly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose naJ11e is ·written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to .ttule No. 3), If', for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until thu winner is determined. This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth p:::-ize, and. sixth prize, as well as tht.: frE.;e-for-all prize. �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY M&ETING SATURDAY - FEBRUARY 26, 1949 - 8:00 P.M. Old T~ers• Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - Relia:. 1.c c, Wintoa, Superior and St.ansh-iry - - -•· Hanna Thc:::.t :r-e. BROADCAST BY RADIO STA~ION K.V.R.S. America • . . • . . . • . . • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R(?ck Springs Band (J$11es Sartoris, Conduetor) Invocation. . . . . . Bishop Owen West Remarks by Chairman . . • • V. O. Murray Selection . . . . . • . .Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) L. L. Naus, U.S.B.M. Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salt Lake City, Utah Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Members of Reliance High School B~nd 1 - Baritone Solo 11Fa.ncy Free 11 By Dick Gibbs Composer - Smith 2 - Acco!'d.ion Solo 11 La Golom·.-:·:!.~-:: 11 By Carol Kalinowski Spanish Selection 3 Cornet Solo 11 Jolern:; 11 BJr Arthur Nyquist Composer - Leidzen 4 - Vocal Solo 11 T~w Beaming Eycs 11 By Sharon Graham Composer - EacDowell 5 - Saxophone Solo 11 :-'antasia VarL.~er: By Larry Welsh Composer - Brurien . . Hu,;h McLeod, Stat'e Coal Mine Inspector Remarks • . • .Gail W. McGee, University of Wyoming Speaker of the Evening . . . I. N. Bayless, President Remarks. . . . . . • • . . . . . . Michael Reid.,.;. ,., Introduction to Drawing Drawing for Safety Awards. . • • • • . . . . . . Michael Reid, Assisted by Marilyn Joyce "Orme Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs Star Spangled Banner . • . . • • • • • • • • . . . .• . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) . . • .Eishop QwP,n W0~t Benediction . . . • Drawing for 11 free-for-all 11 Prize �PROGRAM SEMI-AIDJ1JAL SAFETY MEETING FRIDAY - FEBRUARY 24, 1950 - 8:00 P.H. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - Reliance, Winton, Superior and Stansbury Hanno. Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION KoV.R.S. "America" • • . • • • o o o o o o o o a o o o o o o o ••• o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Invocation ReveYend Richard A. Keach ·····••00000000000000 .. V. o. Murray, General Manager Remarks by Chairman. 0 0 O 0 0 O 0 0 SelecLion ••• o o • • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 Remarks o 0 0 Lyman Fearn, State Coal Mine Inspector O 0 0 o o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) ••• 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O 0 o o • o o • o o. • •••• o •• • o • o • o Remarks o • • O O O 0 0 0 0 • 0 • • 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o O O 0 0 0 . I. N. Bayless, President :~troduction to Drawing o o 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 o Selections • Spea!cer of the Evening • 0 • • 0 • Buffalo State Play Boys L. L. Naus, U.S.B.M. Salt Lake City, Utah o a o • o o Michael Reid Drawing for Safety Awards •• o • • • ,, • • • • • o • Michael Reid, Assisted by Joan White Harold Cook, U.M.rW.A., Rock Springs "Star Spangled Banner" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • o o o o Reverend Richard A. Keach Drawing for "free-for-all" Prize �THE UNlON PACIFIC COAL COMPANY NOT I C E ---------SE1[-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING LAST HALF OF 1949 8:00 P.M. - FEBRUARY 24, 1950 First Prize O o • o • o • • o • o o o o o o • • • • • o Frigidaire Home Freezer Second Prize • • • • • • o •• o o • • • • • • • o o Frigidaire Electric Stove Third Prize• o • • • • o o o o 4 o o o o o o o o • o o o o Deluxe Frigidaire Fourth Prize • • o o • o o • o • • • • • • • • • • • • Doernbeoker Bedroom Set Fifth Prize• • . o • o o o • • • • o . o o • o . p . o Imperial Livingroom Set Sixth Prize• o • o o • o o o o o o . o • • • • • • • • • o • $100.00 Groceries Q RULES 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names nppea~ on the pay rolls for the second pay period in October, 1949, and the second pay period in Decernr er, 1949, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the last si~ months of 1949, and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since October 16, 1949, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to partioipate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in t :.e possession of the Audi ting Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win, an em loye, unless at werk during the drawing, must be resent at one of the Sa ety Meetings; for examp e, a man working at Winton and living n Rock Springs may attend the Rook Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit or clothes award, which will be olassed as a "free-for-all" prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No. l) will be eligible for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one oapsule .from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of' the first prize {subject to Rule No. 3). If', for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prize. �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING SATURDAY - SEPTEMBER 9, 1950 - 8:00 P. M. Old Timers' Building - Ro_ek Springs Community Halls - Reliance, Winton, Supe:·ior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST H:..• J;.~: o STATION K. V .R .S. 11America 11 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs Banc (James Sartoris, Conductor) l.t!Vocation 0 Remarks by Chairman • • • .. • • • • 0 • • C, • ..... • Remarks . . . . . . • • Selection, Vocal • • • • • • o • • • o • 0 0 Speake~ of the Evening • • , • • • • I I • 0 • O O • • • • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • • • • • • • • • Introduction to Drawing . . . Drawin~ for Safety Awards . . o • • • o R. D. Reeder, U. s. Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, Utah James Rawlings ... .... Remarks . . . . . . . • . • • . . H. c. Livingston, Vice President, Operation • • • Reverend Minard A. Gerrard • SelGction . . • . . . . . . . . • . • • • . . • . o o 0 • • • • • • Lymat)' Fea:.--~, • • • . State Coal Mine Inspec~Qr • • • • 0 • • 0 • • • • . . . I. N. Bayless, President • • • Michael Reid Assisted by . . Michael Reid,Barbara Butler Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs 11 Star S~:Gngled Banner" ........ Benediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Reverend Minard A. Gerrarc=_ Drawing for •1::~ee-for-all 11 Prize �SEMI-ANNi.'.'.: : .·, :"ETY MEETING SATURDAY - SEP'IEMB:,...: ;·, 19 50 - 8: 00 p. M. Old Timers• Buil ding - RO£k Springs Community Halls - Reliance Winton ' ' Superior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S. America11 . . . . 11 ................. Invocation • 0 • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . Rock Springs E ~~~ (James Sartoris, Conduc ~or) • ... Re~:rks by Chairman . Reverend Minard A. Gerr: r d .. . . . . . H. C. Livingston, Vice President, Operation Selection . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (Jam~s Sartoris, Conductor) Ram.arks . . D o • o o • • • • • • • • , • • , • • • • • • • Selection, Vocal • • • • R. D. Reeder, James Rawlings .... Remarks . . . . . Lyma;11 Fearn, State Coal Mine Inspector Speaker of the Evening .I. N. Bayless, President . . . . . . . Michael Reid Int~oduction to Drawing. Drawing for Safety Awards . . . . . . 11 Star Spangled Banner" • u. s. Bureau of Mine$, Salt Lake City, Utah Michael Reid, Assisted by Barbara Butler Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs . . . . . Rock Springs Ba~d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (James Sartoris, Conducto ·) Benediction . . . . . . . . . . . Reverend Minard A. Gerr : ::·: Drawing for 11 free-for-all 11 Prize �1 ·- . ·, .. PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING SATURDAY - SEPTEMBER 9, 1950 - 8:00 P. M. Old Tir:1ers 1 Building - R~ek Springs Commum.ty Halls - Reliance Winton . ' , Superior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre I BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S. "America 11 Invocation • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ........ • • • • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • • • . . . . . Reverend Minard A. Gerrard . . . . . . . H. c. Livingston, Vice President, Operation Remarks by Chairman . Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Rem.arks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . R. D. Reeder, s. Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, Utah i.] . • • • • Lym.a9-· Fearn, State Coal Mine Inspector • • • • • • • • • • • Speaker of the Evening James Rawlings • . . . . • . . . . . se:. ·,.::t::.on, Vocal ................... . Introduction to Drawing . • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • .I. N. Bayless, President • • • Michael Reid Drawing for Safety Awards • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michael Reid, Assisted ·.)y Barbara But:.,;-,r Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock SprL,:s "Star Spangled Banner" . . . • . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction . . . . . , . . . Reverend Minard A. Gerrard Drawing for 11 free-for-all 11 Prize �-THE UNION .PACIFIC COAL COMPANY NOT I CE SEMI-AN?.:AL SAFETY MEETING FIRs ·.: :-~ALF OF 1950 8:00 P. M, - 5~PTEMBER 9, 1950 First Prize . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 8-feot Frigidaire Freezer Second Prize . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . M92 Frigidaire Ice Box Third Prize . . . . . . . , . . . . Imperial Overstuff Davenport and Chair Fourth Prize . . . . . . . . • • Dornbecker Bed Room Set, Spring and Mattress Fifth Prize . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . , . Harmon Breakfast Set Sixth Prize . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . , . . . . . . . . $100.00 Groceries 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the pay rolls for the second pay period in April, 1950, and the second pay period in Juns. 1950, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the first six months of 1950 and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April i6, 1950, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union -employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win, an emplo.ye, unless at wor'. :_ 0 uring the drawing. must be present at one of the Safet.v Meetings; for example: 2. ,:;~ working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs _.-;; :;\ ~_n.,s or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may w~:-" c-:-.:.;· one prize except the suit of clothes award, which· will be classed as a 11 fr -a .: - _·or-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. All men 2:- all districts except those who nave won the six major prizes, ( subject to Rule No. 1) will be eligible for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the .capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. J). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or cap. sules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repea.t~d. to determine the winner· of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prize. �PR C c RAM = :......•.. - ~ SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETmG SATURDAY - SEP'IEMBER 9, 1950 - 8:00 P. M. Old Timers I Building - R12$k Springs Community Ha~s - Reliance, Winton, Superior and Stansbury , Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION K.V.R.S. 11 America 11 Invoc'a tion . .. . ..... . • • • • • Remarks by Chainnan • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • . . . . . Rock Springs Bi:,nc (James Sartoris, Conduc ~or) • • • • • 0 • • Reverend Minard A. Gerrard ... .. . . . . . H. c. Livingston, Vice President, Operation Selecticn . . . • . o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Remarks . . . . . . , . . . • • . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . R_. D. Reeder, U. s. Bureau of Mines, Salt Lake City, Utah &uection, Vocal RS!il!lrks • . . . • • • • 0 • • • • • • • .... James Rawlings . . . . State . . . . . . ~ P'earn, Coal Mine Inspector • .. ... .. Speaker of the Evening a • . • . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . I. N. Bayless, President . ....• • Introduction to Drawing. Drawing !or Safety Awards •. • • • 0 . . . ... • • • • • • 0 • • • ,0 • • Michael Reid Michael Reid, Assisted by • • Barbara Butler Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs • • 0 • • • • . . . . (James . . . . • Rock Springs Band Sartoris, Conducto:.:·) Benediction . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • "Star Spangled Banner" • • • • • • 0 • Reverend Minard A. Gerr~rd Drawing for 11 i'ree-for-all 11 Prize �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY NO T I C E SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FIRST HALF OF 1950 8:00 P. !.i. - SEPTEMBER 9, 1950 First Prize . . Second Prize Third Pr:;..ze . . Fow-th Prize Fifth Prize . sixth Prize . . . . . . . . . 8-foot Frigidaire Freezer . • . . . . . M92 Frigidaire Ice Box . . Imperial Overstuff Davenport and Chair . . Dornbecker Bed Room Set, Spring and Mattress . .Harmon Breakfast Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $100.00 Groceries 1. All Union Employes, surface and unde rground, whose names appear on the pay ro:.:s for the second pa.y period in April, 1950, and the second pay period in June, 19~ .' , who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the first six. months of 1950 anci have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16, 1950, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, facluding Unit F ore~en, are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the nar::e of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked boY : this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night c..: the drawing. 3. To win, an employe, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at o~~ of the Safet.y Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a 11 free-i' or-all" prize and VI ill be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No. 1) will be eligible for this prize. 4. Pre~ -:ding the drawing, the Audi:.:.:: :.:· will put the capsules containing the names into a ·~oHl. 5. 6. The capsules will then be thorou.;snl~r mixed. A small girl, blindfolded, will d::~·-·.-1', one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the °' ·::....:9r of the first prize ( subject to Rule No. 3). If, for any reason, the man doe.: ~ ..:, "C. qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repeated to ~~~ermine the winner of the second prize, . third prize, fourth prize, fifth p:.·:.•· .:;, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prize. �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL CO:hlPANY HOTICE SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING LAST HALF OF 1950 8:00 P.M. - FEBRUARY 23, 1961 First Prize • • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • Electric Kitchen Appliances Second Prize • o • • o • o o • • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • Crunp Equipment Third Prize• o o • • • • • • o •• o • • • • • • • • • Five Tir~s and Tubes Fourth Prize •• o •• o. o • • • • Home Maker's Tool Kit and Garden Tools Fifth Prize• o . o o o o o o • • • • • • • • • • o Complete Fishing Outfit Sixth Prize. o a a o o o . o o o o O • • o • • • o • • • • $100.00 Groceries RULES l. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payr~lls for the second pay period in October, 1950, a~d the second pay period in December, 1950, who have not sustained a lo.3t,•time injury during the last six months of 1950 and have not left tl1e service e,r been dropped . and subsequently re-hired since October 16, 1950, will be eli.gible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate 0 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win., an employe., unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award., which will be classed as a "free-for-alltt prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes., {subject to Rule No. 1) will be eligible f'or • • . this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixedo 6. A small girl., blindfolded~ will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. 3). If., for any reason., the man does not qualify., an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is detennined. This process will be repeated to determine the vn.nner of the second prize., third prize., fourth priz~., fifth prize., and sixth prize., as well as the free-torall prize. �/ THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COhlPANY HOT I C E -------.-. SEMI "'ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING LAST HALF OF 1950 8:00 P.M. - FEBRUARY 23, 196i First Prize • • o • • • • o o • • • • • o • • • •Electric Kitchen Appliances Second Fri ze • • • • o • • o • o • • • • o • • • • • • • • • Crunp Equipment Third Prize• o o • • • • • o • • o • • • • • • • • • • Five Tir~s and Tubes Fourth Prize • • • • • • • • • • • . Home Maker's Tool Kit a!'lo. Garden Tools Fifth Prize• o •• o. o o • • • • • • • • • • • o Complete Fishing Outfit Sixth Prize. o o o • . o • • o • · • o • • o o • • o • • • • $100.00 Groceries RULES 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payr~lls for the second pay period in October, 1950, c.:.... d the r,econd pay period in December, 1950, who have not sustained a lo :.:; :;--·;;i:".,e .i.njnry during the last six months of ~950 nnd have not left t he service 0~· ·oeen dropped and subsequently re-hired since October 16, 1950, ,rill be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non•union employes, inc~u~ing Unit Foremen~ are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing _Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of' the drawingo 3. To vn.n, an employe, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings; for example, a man working at Winton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings . should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a "free-for-all" prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who · have won the six major prizes~ {subject to Rule Noo 1) will be eligible for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. 3). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is dete:nnined. This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize> and sixth prize, as well ~s the free-forall prize. �PRO G. RAM ---------- SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FRIDAYJ - FEBRUARY 23, 1951 - 8:00 P. Mo Old Timern' Building - Rock Springs Community Ho.lls - Reliance, Winton Superior and Stnnsbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO - STAJION K.V.R.So "America11 • • .• • o .• o • a d o o o ., • • • • • • Invocation 0 0 P O 0 0 0 0 o Q O q 0 0 0 O 0 d 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 O 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O o • 0 O 0 C) Rem.a~ks by Chai~mnn Accordion Solo 0 .0 0 Introduction° Speaker of the Evening • o o o Rock Springs Bo.nd (James Sa~to~isp Conductor) 000000 O O 0 0 • • • O O 6 0 Selection o o o o o o b o Q ,o o • o o Introduction to Drawing . • • o • • • o o o o o o o Drawing for Safety Awards ~ •• • Star Spangled Banner" ... ,, ••• b 0 11 Benediction o o o o • 9 • o • o • • o. • • o 9 • • • o Reverend F. M. Blish 0 . • .. • H. c. Livingston Vice President, Operution I) 0 p 0 0 • L N. Bayless President • o Judge Phillip B. Gilliam Juvenile Court., Denver, Colo. Speaker of the Evening 0 O ., o o a Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) o o o o • ,. Michael Reid ~ichael Reid, Assisted by Diane Lynn Mathews -H arold Cook., Uo M. W.A., Rock Springs a •• o 0 0 0 O 0 o o o ., • o o . o o ~ Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • o Drawing fo2' "free-for-all" Prize o Reverend F. 11. Blish �PROGRAM SEMI-Al\TNUAL SAFETY I\IEETING FRIDAY - AUGUST 24., 1951 - 8:00 P.Ivi. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Commun~ty Halls - Reliance, Winton Superior and S~ansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION KVRS "America" • • • • 41 t, 0 Invooation A • • • • 0 • 0 0 • • • 0 O • 4 • O O O O O .• 9 .. . . • • • • o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris., Conductor) •• Bishop Robert J. Bowden . . • • • . . • • . . . . . . • . • • d H. c. Livingston Vice President, Operation Remarks by Chairman Remarks 6 e e ■ a • ■ 0 • •.........•.... Ro D. Reeder U. S. Bureau of l.iines., Salt Lake City; Utah . ... .. .... . Accordion Seleotions. .. ]introduction 9' Speaker of the Evening . • Tony Co :cona . . I. N. Bayless · President Speaker of the Evening . . . • • . . . . • . . . • . . • . . Mr. Alfred Means Assistant to Special Agent in Charge., Federal Bureau of Investigation-Denver, Colorado . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . Selection Reme.r-k s . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • . . . . . . . . . , .• • • . . ,, • . . o • .. • • • • • • Lym.an Fearn State Coal !dine Inspector Introduction to Drawing Dra,ting for Safety Awards • • • • • • • . . . . , • l\lichael Reid, Assisted by Vicky Lee J;~arietta Harold Cook, U.M. W,.A., Rook Springs "Star Spangled Banner" • • • . . • . . • . • • Benediction Michael Reid 0 • 0 • . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James S~rtoris., Conductor) . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . • Bishop Robert J. Bowden Drawing for 11 free-for-all" Prize �THE muoN PACIFIC COAL COMPANY SEill-ANNUAL SAFETY IJEETING FIRST Hill' OF 1951 8:00 P, r,i. - AUGUST 24, 1951 First Prize • • • • • • • • . • . . • • . • • . • • . • Eight Foot Frigidaire Second Priza • • • • • . • • • • ., • • ., • • • • • • Imperial Living Room. Set Third Priz~ • • • • ,, • . • • • • • Dornbecker Bed Room Set, Spring & Me.t.{;.? -:J .., .:: Fourth Prir,e • • . • • • • • • • • q • • • • • Combination Radio - Phcnoi!'e.;::,h Fifth Priz,a • . • . . . • . • . . • . • • • . • • • Harmon Breakfa~:-~ ,3ot Six.th Pri~3 • • • • • • • • • • . o • • • • • • • .. • • • • $100.00 Gro.::eriea ~ 1. All lTtaion Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payrollii tor the second pay period ir1 April, 1951, and the second pay period i.n June, 1951, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the fir:3'f:. six months of 1951 and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16, 1951, will be eligible to partici.pat0 .i.n the drawing. iw.l non-union t:lmployes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligtble to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. ·r:ihereafter, t.ne name of each man on the lists will be put into e. capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. to win, an employe. unless at work during the drawing, must be p·e.:-,a-~t of the .::iafety 1:ieetings; for example, a man working at ~-linton c:: :-1~;. li·1ing in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of th8 o·~her meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one ,;i'. ·i;,,a ·txce.pt the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a "free-fc:.~ - ·:·..,. :,_,! ~ :,me prize and will be drawn last. ;~ll men at all districts except those "lvil!) have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No. l) will be eligible fer this prize, 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixedo 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize, (subject to Rule No. J). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner .,is determined. This process will be repeated to deter.mine the winner of the second prize, third prize; fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-forall prize. �PROGRAM SEMI -AflTiffiAL SAFETY rlEETI NG FRIDAY - AUGUST 24, 1951 - 8:00 P. 1'. . Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Comrr..uni ty Halls •· Reliance, Winton Supe~i or and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STA'.l'IOH KVRS 11 Am.erica" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rock Sprinf!;s Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Invocation. . . . . .. Bishop Robert J. Bowden Remarks by Chainnan Remarks • q • • • • • • Accorgion Selections. • • • • • • .. . . .. 0 • 0 • 0 ♦ e . . . . . H. C. Livingston Vice President, Operat1on . . • . . . . . . . . . R. D. Reedar U. S. Bureau of Mines, Salt La ke City, Utah .. Introduction - Speaker of the Evening . • Tony Corona . . I. N. Bayless President Speaker of the Evening . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • Mr. Alfred Means Assistant to Special Agent in Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation-Denver, Colors.do . • . . Rock Springs Ba..~d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .{James Sartoris, Conductor) . . . . . . • Lyman Fearn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State Remarks . . . . Coal k ine Inspector Michael Reid . .. . ... Introduction to Drawing •. Selection . . . • . . . • • l\:ichael Reid, Assisted by Vicky Lee ~arietta Harold Cook, U.M.W.A., Rock Springs Drawing for Safety Awards nstar Spangled Banner" . . . . . • . . . • . . • . . . . . . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • . • Bishop Robert J. Bowden DraVling for "free-for-all" Prize �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY li.Q11Q!1 SEUI-ANNUAL SAFETY 1JEETING FIBST HALF OF 1951 8:00 P.M. - AUGUST 24, 1951 First Prize • • • • • . • • • • • • . . • • • . • • • • Eight Foot Frigidaire Second Prize o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o O o Imperial Living Room Set Third Prize • • • • • . • . • • • • Dornbecker Bed Room Set, Spring & Mattress Fourth Prize • • • • • Do ••• o • • • • • • Combination Radio - Phonograph Fifth Prize • . . • . • • • • • • . • • . • • . . • • • Harmon Breakfast set Six.th Prize • • . • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • ~plOO. 00 Groceries 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payrolls for the second pay period in April, 1951, and the second pay period in Jwie, 1951, 1uho have not sustained a lost-time inj ury durin 6 the first six 1aonths of 1951 and have not left the service or beeh dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16, 1951, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to pa.I'ticipate. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing . 2. .3o To win, an emplo.ye. unless at work during the drawing, mast be present at one of the Safety hleetings; for example, a man working at 'dinton and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a "free-for-all" prize and vrl.ll be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No9 1) will be eligible for this prize. • 4. Preceding the drawing., the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules ~ill then be thoroughly mixedo 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize, (subject to Rule No. ,3). If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determined. This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-forall prize. �PROGRAM SEMI~ANNUAL SAFETY MEETilTG FRIDAY - AUGUST 22, 1952 • 8100 P.M. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - Reliance, Winton 0 Superior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION KVRS "America.rt " • o' • • • • Invocation~ - •• a o o • Remarks by Chainnan. Saxaphone Solo OOOOO•P•OOO b o O O O O • 0 ~ b 0 0 0 0 0 aoo••••o••• 0 0 0 O o • (I 0 o O O O O 0 o o • • o o o • • Selection. Q o o <> o a o o • • • o •••• Remarks. o o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 •• o Introduction to Drawing . • • Drawing for Safety Awards. .. • • • • • • • Benediction,. • • • • • • • • • • • • • a oRev. s. A. Welsh a o O D D VO Oo Murray Vice President~ Operation O O • o o o I. No Bayless Pres::.dent .. o •• Edwin C. Schafer 0 Assistant to General Director of Public Relations Union Pacific Railroad, Omaha, Neb • • • o • • • p Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • • • • • • • 0000000 . . . .. ttstar Spangled Banner" o o Q o o • Introduction - SJ_¥eaker of the Evening • • • . . . • a Speaker of the Evening O • • o o oRook Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) 0 J.urm,an Fearn S~te . Coal ·.Mine --.• Inapecmr.· O I o • • O 0 • • o • .Bud Fi sher o .. o o . o Bud Fisher, Assisted by Harold Cook, UoM.W.A • .,, Rock Springs, Wilma Gibbs . o o o . . • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • o • • • • • • • • Drawing for "free for-all 1' PriZ$ 00 • • • • .Rev. S. Ao Welsh �PROGRAM SEm-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETI MG FRIDAY - AUGUST 22, 1952 ... 8:00 P.1i. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - Relianceg Winton, Superior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION KVRS 11 America." • . .. Invocation • . . • . • • o O O • ·o Remarks by Chairman . • . ~. ~ •• Saxaphone Solo ••~• o • o o oRook Springs Band (James Sartoris~ Conductor) oo-0000000-000000 0 0 0 0 ~ ..• <I b 0 Q • ·• , . o o •• • • • • o o O .Rev. s. A. Welsh o • o • o o o Vo Oo Murray Vice President~ Operation o• -o o o c;, ~ .o •· e>. O' Introduction -. SFaker of the Evaning . ,, •• • . . . • • • o • o o .. . . . .. Speaker of the Evening 0 • • • • • Selection. o o o o o o o o • • • • ••• o Remarks. o • • • • • • • • • • • • a • Introduction to Drawing . • . Drawing for Safety Awards. Rstar Spangled Banner 11 o • Benediction., •• o •• • .. • 0 .. . .. • • • • • I. N. Bayless President . •. Edwin C. Schafer 0 Assistant to General Director of Public Relations Union Pacific Railroad, Omaha, Neb • • • • • • o Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • .. • ioLarry Welsh .,,. • o • • • • • • • • o Lym.an Fearn • State •Coal .Miti.e -:Inspao.tor -· 0 O O Q o • 0 0 " .Bud Fisher o .. o • • • Bud Fisher, Assisted by Harold Cook, U.M.W.A. ,. Rock Springs, Wilma Gibbs • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .Rev. S·. A. Welsh Drawing for lffree-for-all" Priz-e �PROGRAM SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEETING FRIDAY· - ·AUGUST 22 1 1952 - 8:00 P.1<I. Old Timers' Building - Rock Springs Community Halls - Reliance 1 Winton. Superior and Stansbury Hanna Theatre BROADCAST BY RADIO STATION KVRS 11 Ameri ca.If • • . . . . Invocation • • . . . . 0 Remarks by Chairman. 0 Saxaphone Solo • • • • o QRock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) ooooooopoooooooo 0 0 • 0 O O G • 0 0 0 0 0 O Q 0 O o O O O o 0 O O 0 • o o • • • ., o a Vo Oo :M.irray Vice President, Operation Introduction - Syeaker of the Evening . • • • .. ~- • • • . . . . ••••• Selection . . • . o- • Remarks. • • . . • • . . . . . • . . • • . . o • • • Introduction to Drawing . • . Drawing for Safety Awards. • • • •••• • IQ • .. • . . O "' .,, 0 • •&.Larry Welsh I. N. Bayless President • . . . . • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • • . o O O o . • • • Lym.an Fearn State • Coal .Mi.i;te :~Inapac±or·· . . . .. • • .Bud Fisher o o o • • • Bud Fisher, Assisted by Harold Cook, U.M.W.A. ,. Rock Springs 1 Wilma Gibbs "Star Spangled Banner" • • . . • . . • . • • . . Benediction • . . . • . • . . . . •. 0 o: • . . Edwin C. SchaferD Assistant to General Director of Public Relations Union Pacific Railroad, Omaha, Neb • . . . . . .. . . ... .Rev. S. A. Welsh a • • ., • ~ "'•·.<> •• ooo•••••••••••o•• Speaker of the Evening o o . • • • . . • . Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) • • . • . .Rev. S. A. Welsh Drawing for "free-for-all" Prize �P ·R 0GitAM SEMI ~iNNU4J;, ~j!lTY ~E!tl NG FRIDAY • .($.UGUST 22 6 195,?· -~ 8 :00 P~,M.,_ .. Old Timers·' Building - ~ck Spring!;JC~uni ty Halls - Reliance,. Winton~ Superior and Stansbury ~~ ThE1a 1:ir'-~' BROADC.(tS,1' B.Y RADIO -~~WION KVRS "Amari oa" o • .., • • • • .~ O, Invocationo • • . . O • • 41 0 0 Remarks by Chairman. Saxe.phone Solo O O O • , • o. o 9 o oRook Springs Band (James Sartoris 6 Conductor) o , ~. o 0' O· • ·CJ O 0 0 o o· ~. OOOQ o o o C> • o 0 0 • -· 0 • 0 • o o • 0 • . I nt r oduc tion - S~ aker of the Evening ~ '!c o o a oRev. S. A. Welsh • 0 O D O v.,. Oo Murray O Vice President. Operation b • 9 •. • • 0 • • 0' ., ., o • • 0 0 I. N. Ba~rless .. 0 'Q Larry Welsh .,, President Speaker of the Evening O o • o •• Se lee tion. • o • .,. • • • • • Remarks . • • • • • o • • Introduction to Drawing . • . .. Drawing for Safety Awards. .. • • • • • 0 • • • • • ., • • • . Edwin C. Schafer 0 Assistant to General Director of Public Relations Union Pacific Railroad. Omaha, Neb • • • • o Rock Springs Band . . . . • •(James Sartoris. Conductor) " .. . . . . .. . . . . . . ru,man Fearn Si.Gate •Coal ·.Mi.tJ.e•ilnspae.mr· 0 O ,0 0 O 0 I O O 0 0 0 .Bud Fisher o o o • • • Bud Fisher, Assisted by Harold Cook, U.M.W.A.,, Rock Springs., Wilma Gibbs "Star Spangled Banner" • • . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . • • Rock Springs Band (James Sartoris, Conductor) Benediction • . . • • . • . . . . • . • • . • • • . . • • .. . • • .Rev. S. A. Welsh Drawing for "free-for-allu Pri~-e �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL CO!lij>ANY NOTI CE -----~ SEMI •ANNUAL SAFETY MEE TI NG FIRST HALF OF 1952 8:00 P,.M. - AU~UST 22• 1952 First Pri s e. 0 e • C, e 0 0 • • Second Prize. • 0 • • 0 0 0 0 Third Prize. Fourth Prize. • O ~ O O .. Fifth Prize •• Sixth Prize. O 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 0 ..' 0 Cl • 0· 0 O 0 0 0 0 o Frigidaire Electric Stove (!. o 11 O O 0 Q. • o O 0 0 0 0 •• t, 0 O 0 ... • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • o • Maytag Washer Camping outfit • 0 . Necohi Sewing Machine Set . of U. O O 0 s. Tires and Tubes . •• $100000 Groceries Free-for-all Prize - Suit of Clothes RULES 1. All Union Employes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payrolls ?or the second pay period in April, 1952, and the second pay period in June, 1952, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the first six months of 1952 and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16 1 1952, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to par·ticipate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the Auditing Department. Thereafter, the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Auditing Department until the night of the drawing. 3. To win, an employe, unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings;for example, a man working at Reliance and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do so. A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes award, which will be classed as a st free-for-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No. 1) will be eligi'~le for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Auditor will put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 6. A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. 3; If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is determinedo This process will be repeated to determine the winner of the second prize, third prize, fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prizeo �THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY NOTICE SEMI-ANNUAL SAFETY MEE TI NG FIRST IL~LF OF 1952 8:00 P.M. - AU~UST 22. 1952 .... First Prise. • Second Prize o • Third Prize. Fourth Prize • 0 Fifth Prize. 0 Sixth Prize. a 0 • 0 0 • • 0 .. . • 0 0 0 O O e O , 0 O 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 O • • 0 0 0 0 ,0 o O· o 0 0 o ·o 0 .o 0 O 0 0 0 b o ♦ 0 Free-for-all Prize Q 0 O O 0 b 0 O o Frigidaire Electric Stove 0 0 O D 0 o • • • Maytag Washer • o 0 o a o Camping outfit . Necobi Sewing Machine Set . of Uo f o •o o s. Tires and Tubes • • • $100a00 Groceries Suit of Clothes RULES 1. All Union Em.ployes, surface and underground, whose names appear on the payrolls 'for the second pay period in April, 1952, and the second pay period in June, 1952, who have not sustained a lost-time injury during the first six months of 1952 and have not left the service or been dropped and subsequently re-hired since April 16, 1952, will be eligible to participate in the drawing. All non-union employes, including Unit Foremen, are not eligible to participate. 2. Lists of the men eligible to participate in these awards will be made at the district mine offices and checked by the . Auditing Department. Thereafter. the name of each man on the lists will be put into a capsule and deposited in a locked box; this box to remain in the possession of the Audi ting Department until the night of the drawingo 3. To win; an employe~ unless at work during the drawing, must be present at one of the Safety Meetings;for example, a man working at Reliance and living in Rock Springs may attend the Rock Springs meeting or any of the other meetings should he choose to do soo A district may win only one prize except the suit of clothes · award, which will be classed as a 11free-for-all 11 prize and will be drawn last. All men at all districts except those who have won the six major prizes, (subject to Rule No. l) will be eligi~le for this prize. 4. Preceding the drawing, the Audi tor wi 11 put the capsules containing the names into a bowl. I 5. The capsules will then be thoroughly mixed. 60 A small girl, blindfolded, will draw one capsule from the bowl. The man whose name is written thereon will be the winner of the first prize (subject to Rule No. 3) If, for any reason, the man does not qualify, an additional capsule or capsules will be drawn until the winner is detenninedo This process will be repeated to detennine the winner of the second prize, third prizeD fourth prize, fifth prize, and sixth prize, as well as the free-for-all prizeo �BCC - I'1X'o H. Co Livingston Mro Fo Jo Pcternell J D.n o 9 11 19.51 j"udgo P ·1 il li _:, Bo Gilli am Juvenile Cou:t"t Ilunic:Lpa l DuilcJ.in • Dcnvor, Color a do . Don:c Jud ~ G : Thiw confir s our -col a hone co.~vor sL".t l on. of J u rui'..'1 ~J 8 P 19 50 r0g r ing you r wl)P()t..:cm1co a'~ 'rl e Uni on P cit:1. c 02.l Co .1po.ny seDi - D.n.n.ut.1.l Sc i.'ot,y n e ti11['; o l d Ti Lor s v Build- 7110 1,metinr; ·tvill bo h 0ld :i.n ·t.ho J.H:::; , ·-io c.;: c•_n."i:ngG D Hyoi: in~ , nt e :o o i' o ·4QD o·. :i?:. :l oy P l.' .b ri.Hl 7.'Y 2J , 19510 ·,:o ov.l i l:L..e '~o ha.ve you ta.lk abou·c 25 or 30 minE'L, ·· r•; s c. J..Jc L~C,5iuc; you'£' i:ioTl,. u l\:;h ju,1cnilos and it s z-cla:tionohip t o our prc scn'i:, i: orld situationo Your quotat-" O~- of t wo hundred d o ll.J.:i."':J - 01 :.'.:'01.; .:m 0 ~cp0n ::,e • 8 0,ui'c o s nt i G:.\ 1c ·o;_ i o 1 '.:. hc P. ~ .!. l i: 1., oc 1~ve advised L.ie o.,_ ·c. hc :i.ollm·1inc; schccl- lo: L 0a.1ro .l.Jonver 9 : 00 Ao £-lo I:'z'onticx::,Ax-ri VG Ro ck Spx-ing s 12 : 31 p Or." n 0 Febo 23, 1951 Feb . 23, 1951 (Roon Reservations, Uhita r.o m1tnin Lodge ,::LGave Hock Sprines Arrive Denver 9: 50 A.r-Io United 11:JO AoI-1o f? Feb. 24; 1951 Feb. 24, 1951 ~:•Transportation from und to airpoz-t and lodging arrnnc;eclo Undel"' oepar~te cover, I .;mi .fo:rua1"dinr; information you may find interesting and suitable fol"' b c'.'..l clq;roundo Sincerely yours, Ori- int11 :_;_::- iJ: HARaY 1~, ~.\JBJ �V I ,_ _____ _... __ V =-.. I • I . ' I.'.) /if/; -"' I I P\ I �_. =- ==---=-=-==='1'c=-=-==-= -=-=-~1i=~-------=--~ - - - - -=-=-=r--=-=-==-=-= =r== = =t == ==t=-= = = = ,I I I I � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/d5c448aa16f7ba5f8209436567cf84f2.pdf b92b66e13a656373fc4644d965f7c22f PDF Text Text 0 □ IT7) Organization and Training, With Continuous Education and Incentives for Miners and Supervisors, Pay Off in Safety Achievements at Union Pacific-Strong Safety Department and Safety-Minded Top Officials Key Factors By I. N. BAYLESS President, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Omaha, Neb. Reprinted from COAL AGE, January, 1949 -C opyright, 1949, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.. Inc .. 330 West 42nd St., New York 18, N. Y.-All Rights Reserved �Murray, general manager; J. B. Hughes, general superintendent; I. lVI. Charles, chief engineer; F. J. Peternell, safety engineer; H. M. Tibbs, director of personnel; G. L. Stevenson, chief electrician; D. T. Faddis, master mechanic; and the following superintendents: Thomas Overy · Sr., Rock Springs; Charles Grosso, Reliance; Hodge Burress, Stansbury; William Wilkes, Winton; G. L. Addy, Superior; and M. A, Sharp, Hanna. In the 19 years since I have been (1 ~. , associated with The Union Pacific Coal Co., owned by the Union Pacific R.R., my answer to the ques_,1 tion quoted at the opening of this article has varied but little from a -"' the following: ,·. "We don't use mirrors, magic or i-___.1).-,::~ ... luck.y pennies. It's all a matter of ' • organization and training, mixed _,,• with perseverance and hard work." Alt hough the order is not necessarily that shown, The Union Pacific Coal Co.'s safety program rests FIRST-AID TRAININ G is a mu st for all em ployee s, including top officials. Here , a new primarily on the following foundagrou p is tak ing th e 15-hour course. tions : I. Officials sincerely interested in a~hieving safety. lhe company's Winton min es for B. Pryde, then president and yice 2. Placing major responsibility working 587,3,!2 man-hours wit h- pr esident, and supplemented by fo1• safety on officials in direct conout a lost-time inju ry in 1!)'17, and those of us who are now r espon- tact with employees-unit foremen, six Joseph A. Hol mes Safety Asso- sible fo1· the safe operati on of the and so on. ciation ce r tificates of honor , pre- properties. The mines vvere entered 3. A strong safety department sented annually to mines and ind i- in t he national safety contest for headed by a qualified safety engibit uminous mines in 1932 and the vidual with outstand ing safety company h as won the trophy nine neer to assist foremen and others records. in safety work. l\'Iy associate's somewhat facetiou s times in the bituminous group. 4. Proper induction and indocWhile many could be named, question was no surp r ise to me trination of new employees. credit for the achievements of 1947, since I had been asked similar ones 5. Continuous education of offi- bot h seri ous and half jocular- and for the additional progress be- •cials and men. befo re in the 16 years Th e Union ing made since that time, goes both 6. Complete first-aid and other P acific Coal Co. has entered the to the employees of the company training. " Sentin els of Safety" competit ion. and to its supervisory, operating 7. Variety in safety work to A program was in augurated in 1!)24 . and safety officials, includin g H. C. maintain interest. by E ugene lVlcAuli ffe and Geor ge Living-ston, vi::e president; V. 0. 8. Incentives for both men and supervisors. 9. A safety honor society open to all foremen achieving the required safety records. 10. A code of standards for safe operation. 11. A safety manual for all employees. 12. Committees on safe practice. 13. Use of all approved safety equipment and materials. 14. Continuous working-hour inspection of mines and outside facilities. 15. Weekly meetings of supervisors to discuss safety and production. 16. Money. 17. Hard work. As I pointed out in part in my remarks during the ceremonies attending the presentation of the OFFICIAL PARTICIPATION is a key factor in U.P. safoly work. Here , th e author addresses "Sentinels of Safety" trophy to the a semi-annual safely rally and pri1e drawing . v ,.. .,- SAFETY ON THE JOB is the primary responsibility of the for emen , who attend regular meetings on accident re d uct ion an d improved production, and who share in the incentives provid ed. Gett 0 0 Organization and Training, With Continuous Education and Incentives for Miners and Supervisors, Pay Off in Safety Achievements at Union Pacific-Strong Safety Department and Safety-Minded Top Officials Key Factors By I. N. BAYLESS President, The Union Pacific Coal Co., Omaha, Neb. " HOW DO YO U DO IT-with mirro rs? " Thi s qu est ion was p ut to me by a bu sin ess associate sh ortly af ter t he announcement of t he U. S. Bureau of lVIin es t hat mines and employees of Th e Un ion Pacific Coal Co. had won seven awards for safety for the year 1947. Th ese awards included t h e fa med " Sentinels of Safet y" t r ophy awarded by Tlt e E ~:plos ives Engi1we r and given SAFEGUARDS reinforce education and 1 •• ha d I d · ra,n,ng . At !he left Th o very Sr. poses with one of the safety devices he 5 eve ope on 20 years of service. At th . ht . ' omas e rig is an example 0 f f ,m b erong • under heavy top. �Substantial Prizes Boost Employee Interest at U.P. Safety Rallies PRESIDENT VICE PRESIDENTOPERATIONS Safety inspections (with mine superintendents, foremen and unit foremen) ; bulletin service; first aid, mine rescue ; Sigma Tau Epsilon; accident analysis and records; safety committees GENERAL SUPERINTENDENT SAFETY ENGINEER VENTILATION ENGINEER Safety instruct ion; dir responsibil ity for safe on the job MONTHLY AND SEMI-ANNUAL RALLIES AND PRIZE DRAWINGS heighten interest and provide an incentive for e mployees. This illustration shows a part of the prizes at one semi-annal affair. value of safe working conditions in dollars and cents. However, we should look upon safety as making it possible to get the most out of life." H_ow safety is organized at Union Pacific_ a nd some of its outstanding oper~bons are shown in the accompanymg chart. It will immediately be _noted that top officials have a ma1or part to play. Perhaps second a stro_ng safety department is a~ essential pa~t of the organizational set-up. Third, operating officials have an active responsibility. Saf~ty work begins with hiring and-it can be truly said-never ends. A full-time personnel director reporting to the vice president in charge of operations handles recruiting and hiring, including physical examinations for all new employees. The personnel director also handles housing and· any problems that crop up in employee and family relations, in addition to his other duties in the line of compensation and medical care of injured persons. Before actually going to work, each new employee meets with the mine superintendent, who gives him the company book of rules and discusses at some length certain company policies, such as those dealing with hard hats, shoes and goggles. After that, the unit foreman or MINE SUPERINTENDENTS MINE FOREMEN UNIT FOREMEN Recruiting and hiring; physical examinations; housing; employee and family relations; compensation; medical care OUTSIDE FOREMEN Safety instruction; direct responsibility for safety on the job HOW UNION PACIFIC ORGANIZES FOR SAFETY. Top management plays a major role. A NEW CAR-grand prize at a semi-annual dra wing ( • ht) rig -goes to a Union Pacific employee for safety at his work. employees of Winton mine for their 1947 achievements: "The management of The Union Pacific Coal Co. has an obligation to be sure that the conditions under which men work are as safe as practical engineering can devise. In addition to the humanitarian angle, there is the important consideration of the economic value of safety. It is an economic waste when the services of men trained to perform certain work are lost because of death or serious injury. Serious injury to an employee is not only a loss to the company; it also is a serious drain on the economy of the nation. We cannot appraise the. PERSONNEL DIRECTOR GENERAL MANAGER .,1 other s uper visor takes over, except fo r s uch thin gs as fit-st-aid trainin g. Courses in first -aid are conducted eve ry six mont hs and involve 15 hours of inst ruction by, as a rule, men from t he first-a id teams. The courses, incidentally, a r e conducted under t he s upervision of the U. S. Burea u of Mines, which furnished the original instruction t o members of fi r st-aid teams. First-a id training includes everybody-not only miner s but all other workers, s uper visor s and officials up to and including myself. Upon successful completion of the 15-hour course - without pay - employees receive certificates from both the Bur eau of Mines and the company. If an employee is unable to pass an examination after 15 hours of inst r uction, he is given special additional training until he is qualified for a certificate. For maximum personal protection, miners are required to obtain and use goggles in addition to hard hats and safety shoes. Promotion of goggle use is an example of the unusual steps taken to effectuate a particular safety measure. When goggles were first introduced, each miner's eyes were examined and he was given-also free-goggles corrected to his vision. Free eye examinations still are given new employees-as well as older ones who request it-but the men must now provide their own goggles. Other tried-and-true methods of promoting safety consciousness among employees include such things as bulletin boards at each mine showing the number of days the operation has been without an accident, and the publication of a monthly safety bulletin listing safety records by districts and reporting accidents and injuries. This monthly publication is designed for home reading and includes material, besides safety, of interest to other members of the family as well as to the worker himself. On the job, the book of rules and the company book of standards provide perhaps the major hard-andfast principles to be followed by both workers and supervisors. Other than that, the job is largely left to the supervisors and men to work out as they proceed, always remembering that "Safety is the first consideration." This policy ).s followed as a result of experience whic~ indicates that kee~ing the program informal and le_tt1~g men and supervisors use theu- 1:ige~uity and initiative, plus keepmg mterest up by varying the program, are more conducive to results than rigid formalism all the w_ay through. The code of standards, mcidentally, took nearly two y~ars to prepare and h~s be;~ revised seven times since its ongmal publication date-July 15, 1925: Ba~ed on experience and engmeer:ng study, it provides the ~est possible "de to safe arfd efficient mstallagu1 h. nd tion of wire, tracks, mac m~ry a equipment, the construction of clearances and the conduct of othe1· mining operations. To facilitate joint worker-supervisor effort in the field of safety, each unit foreman is cpnsidered a supervisor of safety and functions as such. The average number of men assigned to a unit foreman is eight; the maximum, 16. Worked out by the general safety engineer, his assistant and the ventilation engineer, this arrangement has proved its worth in achieving maximum safety results. The most attractive features of the safety program from the employee point of view are the monthly and semi-annual prizedrawings. These provide variety and incentive-both of which have been found most important factors in stimulating interest in safety. They also afford the management an opportunity to discuss safety problems with the miners under conditions most conducive to good reception, relaxation and good humor. For administrative purposes, Union Pacific operations are grouped into six mining districts. A prize drawing is held "in each district each month. If the district has experienced a lost-time accident, door prizes only are given. However, if the district has not had a lost-time injury, the door prizes, consisting of $50 in merchandise and varied each month, are supplemented by safety awards. For the first month without a lost-time injury, the men �Honors for Supervisors and Community Safety Feature U.P. Program MAN-HOURS OF EXPOSURE · PER ACCIDENT UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY (l 930 z40,--r--T--T--,:.:.:..:.:.-..:.:19:;4:_:1~i- - th ~ine superintendents at mines a have won the Sentinels of Safety Trophy. M!ne foremen in charge of an op;rat1on that has won a Sentinels of (/) 0 afety Trophy, or whict, has complete~ a calendar year without a ~ 200J-- - ,- - - r- - , - - - i f - - ~ ~ _ JLJ (/) lost-time accident. :J 0 Unit foremen and outside fore::i: men who have conducted operations Ifor three consecutive years without ~ 1Got-- - , - a lost-time injury to men in their w c?arge. Only unit foremen and out0:: side foremen are eligible to vote ::> (/) a nd hold office. General officers are ~ 120 not eli~ible for membership, but X any society member promoted to a w g~neral office position may retain lL his membership. 0 so 1 - - 1 - -1.1/---:-:= = --,L....l___--1__ __J ~he society meets quarterly. Its ~ INEXPERIENCED EMPLOYEES maJor contribution, however, is ~ DURING HEIGHT OF WAR through the operation of commit:r: tees on safe practices. Ten such ~ommittees function continuously I 401 7 1 1 - --i-- - - 1 - - - + - - + - - - l z m the following fields: <{ Roof and rib falls and timbering. ::E Haulage. Handling and use of explosives. 1930 '33 '36 39 '42 '45 Handling and storage of material '48 inside. 1930 - 13,9 30 1935- 51,425 1940-118,514 1945-93,835 Ventilation and rock-dusting. Electrical and mechanical in1931-2 0, 06 1 193 6 - 69,338 1941 -118,918 1946- 97,083 stallations. Proper operation and mainte1932- 43,452 19 37 - 92,680 1942-119,965 1947-210,502 nance of tools and machinery. Handling and storage of mate1933- 59,1 4 2 1938-103,172 1943- 91,242 rials outside. Prevention of injuries from slip1934-45,172 1939 -124,369 1944- 94,058 ping and falling of persons. General welfare, inside and outside. THE PAY-OFF AT UNION PACIFIC-a steady accelerating rise in man-hours per accident. Each committee keeps a continuous eye on its phase of the safety Supervisors a r e kept abreast of by the respective unit foremen. Any problem. All accidents are reviewed safety developmen ts a nd manage- violation of the code of standards and discussed and, when all the evime~t ~olicy at weekly meetings, is reported to the general manager dence is in, the committees make which m variably are attended by who, in turn, passes it to the super- the necessary recommendations for one ?r more general officials. The intendent of the operation for cor- hazard elimination and safe operameetmgs norma lly last an hour, and rective action. The safety depart- tion. If accepted by the final th e proceedings include discussion ment then checks to make sure that authorities-the president and vice of a~c1"d ents, if an y have occurred, the corrective action was taken. president in charge of operationsconsideration of safety inspection Standard report forms are not used the recommendations go into effect. Actually, what has been present?ports and discu ssion of produc- in safety inspection because, among ed previously barely touches on the ion Problems. The supervisors also other things, it was felt t~at ~hey are encouraged to subscribe to and would be conducive to gettmg mto highlights of our safety program. It is notable that the company has read . f the pe1·t·ment techmcal and a rut, whereas freshness and a flex- dug deeply into its pocket for safety sa et! publications and to study ible approach are the real es~en- materials and the employment of meetmg p . . . . clea-Ji . ape1s and transact10ns tials. safety engineers. Except f?r the An out-of-the-ordinary add1tiona 1 war period, when the necessity for • ng with both safety and efficient operation. step has done much to ~einforce hiring large numbers of green men sat tkey factor in the Union Pacific safety work at Union Pacific o~er- was a complicating factor, ~nd for t • ns . That step was the foundmg ing\~t0 !,;ram i~ continuous work- a10 b·s years in which major str~kes or operat· 1 inspection of all mining • 1941 with 43 charter mem er , strike threats occurred, "'.h1ch ?ur In oth Io~s and surface facilities. ~~ Si~a Tau Epsilon, the ~rst records show are i:eflecte_d m an m~society mediate increase m. accidents du1of th ei Words, one representative G1·eek-letter safety bhonor. • the world. Mem ers h.IP is re- . the period of disturbance, the spectse cgen~ral safety engineer in- 1n • " ho have . ~~!ult has been a steady and acce!and ontinuously on the day shift stricted to supervisors w ating rise in man-hours of e~1'he ~ second on the night shift. attained a commend~blet s;;nt~eli~ ;:sure per ac~ident, as shown m of safety in the con uc . the n/Pectors are accompanied by Those eligible for membe1- the accompnnymg chart. Visor ine foremen or other super- woi·k" • . t· are · • a nd , from section to section, ship and the quabfica wns 1 ---1 --+--+-LJ 1 - - 1 - -- 1 - -~~====¾---t-l-_j SIGMA TAU EPSILON INITIATES for 1946 honored for three years of super vi sion without a lost-time injury to th ei r me n were : Alo , Clark {left). W. H. Buchanan, Ben Dona , J ames Herd , Thomas Lucas, J . J • Balog ' Arthur Munn , Clyd e Roc k, R. Bat ista and Fra nk Subic. 1 SAFETY AT HOME AND IN THE STREET is included in the U.P. program. Th ese photos were a part of a rec e nt campaig n. draw for prizes of $15, $10 and $5. If the district goes two months, t he prize is a suit of clothes, which also is offered every month thereafter until a lost-t ime accident occurs. The door prizes promote attendance whether or not a ma in prize is being drawn for. As a resu lt, attendance in 1!)48 was approximately 60 percent for th e second shift and 75 to 80 percent fo r the first shift. The meeti ngs usually last about an hour and, in addition to the drawings, include :-i sound picture runnin g about 20 minute.-; and talks by the general :-:a fely engineer and at least one 1Jthe1· ofih.:i al on safely, supplemented by add r. sses by ou tside men, ,:11 ch a~ hi ;!hw,t y patrolmen. The semi-annual pr iZI! drn win;.:s with a number of prize:-: ha \C! replaced earl ier annu al drawin gs fo r one bi g prize. This chani.:c from yearly to twiee-yearly drawin g:, and from one to a number of pri zes, was made to introdute vari ety and promote interest by broadening the possibility of winning. One of the two drawings is presently held in F ebruary and the second in August. All employees without a lost-time injury are eli gible to compete, and the main program is held in t he Old Timers' Hall in Rock Springs. The event is broadcast not only to the public but to meet in g halls in all six districts if bad ,Yeather or lhe mine-operatin g schedule make attendance at Rot k Sprin gs ditlicult . In stead of an automob il e, a trip to Alaska or some ·imil ar grand pr ize, awa rds now eo11 si: t of merchandise, such as refri gerators, deep freezers, radios, fu rni ture, groceries, and so on. Eaeh district is allotted a prize to draw for, whi ch keeps people at the meetings. As with the monthly district meeti ngs, the semi-annual affairs a re mnre than merely prize drawing-s. In addition to safety messages by Union Pacific officials an outside speaker is provided. It ~ay be a state oflicial, a repr esentative of t he Burea u of Min es or some oth er outstandi ng man, and he also ca rries t he safety t heme fo rwar d. From day to day, however, as previously noted, super vision over sa fety is largely the job of the ·unit or other fo remen. To help them, provision also is made for both variety and incentive. Unit foremen whose erews have not suffered a lost-time inj ury oye1· the month ar e elig ible to draw for separate money prizes at the monthly dist r ict safety r allies and prize drawings. Since he is, in fact, the supervisor of sa fety on the job, the unit foreman is charged with the partieular r esponsibility of welcomeing new men, introducing them to their work and training them so th at safe tv becomes a utomatic and they a re ~hie to function most effici ently. Also, of course, new safety rules and new production methods are imparted to all men, whether new or old, by the supervisor. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Semi Annual Safety Meeting Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1940-1952 Subject The topic of the resource Collection of programs for semi annual safety meetings taking place between 1940 and 1952 as well as some booklets. Description An account of the resource Look papers and booklets held together by a clip. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0025 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/e92029a01a4b379a453a3ec1ccbdfb37.pdf 2f48ed16867fe88331d009687aa09d33 PDF Text Text ������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Superior - D. O. C. Mine - File No. 14 Shuttle car Photographs Sep/48 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 09-1948 Subject The topic of the resource Collection of underground photographs of shuttle cars and miners. Description An account of the resource Photographs held in an orange folder with a red and white label. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0026 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1c3a7356147f7e2e7176a75178c48a44.pdf 2ff77f0545f0d526d6ab7ba3d7f7d7d4 PDF Text Text ��������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hana Mine - File No. 14 Shuttle Car Photographs Sep/28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 09-1948 Subject The topic of the resource Collection of underground photographs of miners and shuttle car. Description An account of the resource Photographs held in an orange folder with a red and white label. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0026 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/a6f0a07e1298f0d853ee1bf0160a7487.pdf bc0fa87ff7b571eab502bc46f633cfbe PDF Text Text �������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 014 Photos of Women Employees Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Subject The topic of the resource Photographs of women employees working at picker lines and using machinery. Description An account of the resource Large photographs and smaller copies held in an orange folder with hand written label. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0028 https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/605067bb31fc4d36f74be407f263f4df.pdf f215c497bb1b47a5202511c54a3e9e39 PDF Text Text ��������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Photographs - Unable to Identify Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Subject The topic of the resource Miscellaneous photos from UPCC mines. Description An account of the resource Varying sizes of photographs held in an orange folder with handwritten label. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0029 https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/e1b8588f54c1580077eb01b0845474c8.pdf cdfb06ed0495893d4bbe92a62d04a5b4 PDF Text Text 00..c\.L ~fINING LAW S ====== OF ====== WYOl\1ING �c:=J COAL ~1INING l LAWS =====OF===== WYOMIN G �Law Relating to Coal Mines CHAPTER 23, SESSION LAWS 1903 Inspectors of Coal Mines Appointment-Qualifications-Salary. Where sections are given, they refer to sections of the Revised Statutes and the laws as quoted here are those sections as they have been amended by the several session laws of 1901 1 1903 and 1905. I ,_______.. SECTION 1. The Governor shall nominate and by and with the consent of the Senate, appoint two State Inspectors of coal mines, who shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are duly appointed and qualified. They shall each have a thorough knowledge of practical mining and mining engineering, neither of whom shall be an employe, owner or part owner in any coal mine in the State. Said Inspectors shall not be less than thirty (30) years of age, citizens of the United States, and, if practicable, of this State, of good repute and temperate habits. The State Inspectors of coal mines shall each receive an annual salary of two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars, and actual traveling expenses when in the discharge of their duties and shall keep their office at the State Capitol. Said Inspectors are hereby authorized to procure such instruments, chemical tests and stationery and to incur such expense of communication, from time to time, as may be necessary to the discharge of their duties, provided, that such expense shall not exceed the contingent fund I I ~ �-- --- ----- - +::) I\ 'I M1N1N q 4 L ,,ws 5 hall each, befo re enterin g upon the discharge of his duties, give bond in the penal sum of five th ousand ($ 5,000.00) dollars to the State of Wyoming, wi th sufficient s ureties, which bond shall be condition ed for th e faithful discharge of his duties. Each of sa id Inspectors shall· devote the whole of hi s tim e to the duties of his office. It shall be the duty of each -Inspector to ex amine the coal min es within his district as oft en as poss ib le, which shall not be less than once in three month s and report the number of ti mes h e has visited each mine in a year, and see th at all th e provisio ns of this act are observ ed an d strictly carried out. Inspection Districts. EC. 4. It shall be the du ty of each Inspector to mak records of all exa minations of mines wi thin hi distri ct, showing the condition in w hich he finds them, es pecially in reference to v □ tilation and drainage, th e number of mines in h is distri c t, th number of persons employed in each min e, th e extent to which the laws are obey d, the progress made in the improvements sought to be secured, the number of accidents a □ d d eaths resulting from injuries received in and about th e mines, with cause of such accident or d eath; said re p orts to be made quarterly. ~--- .... lBonds-Duties. :- 'NYOM I NG provided for that office, at th e co st o[ the State, subject to the approval of _the Governor of the State, which shall be paid out '?f the State Treasury upon accounts d:1ly _certified ~y him and audited by the tat Auditor. All mstmments, plans, boo ks, memorand a, notes aud other property p ertaining to th e office b reby created , shall be the property of the S tate_ and shall be delivered by each Inspecto r to his successor in office· and said In spectors shall b e allowed all expedses neces~arily in cur~ed in enfo rci ng the provisions of thi s chapte r, lil th e courts of the State when such expenses are certifi ed to be correct by the courts be fore which the p roceedings were heard. SEC. 2. The State s hall be divided into two Inspection Districts, one to ~ known as D _istrict No. 1 , comprising th e counti es of Laram ie, Albany, Carbon, Sweetwater and io ta, t_h~ other to be known as District o. 2, compnsm g t~e counties of Converse, Natrona, Fremont, Big Horn, Johnson , Sheridan, Crook and Weston. In the appointment of Insp ec tors t~e Governor shall designate the district f~Jr _wl~ ic~ each Inspector is appointed , and the Junsd1ct10n of such Inspector shall extend to_and be confi_n ed to ~he particular district for which h e bas been appomted; provided, that in case of the Inspector of either district being unable to atte nd to the duties of his office through sickness, ab!:.ence from the State or an y other cause, th e In~pector of the other district shall have full authority and jurisdiction to act in th e place and st~ad . of the regularly appointed Inspector of such district. - STATE OF SEc. 3. The State Inspectors of coal n1ines Examinations- Reports. Removed From Office-How. S EC. 5. The District Court within the proper coun ty or Judge thereof, in vacation or recess, upon a petition signed by not less than fifteen ( 15) reputable citizens who shall be miners, owners or lessees of mines and with the affidavit of one or more of said petitioners attached setting forth that the State Inspector of coal mines for that district neglects his duty or is incompe- �'====?')) ,,I I t 6 M I NI NG LAWS STATE 01' tent or that h e is g uilt y of malfeas::i. nc.:e in office shall is s ue a citation in the nam e of th e S tate t~ the said Inspector to a pp ear u pon a d ay, to be the rein fixed and s tated, befo re said Court which notice shall_be served at least fi fteen ( 1 S) days before th e tim e fixe d to appear, a t which time the Court or Ju dge t he reof in vacation or recess, shall proceed to inquire into and investigate the allegatio~ s of th e peti_tioners • a nd if the Court find tha t sai d I nspector 1s n eg! ctful of his duties or is in co mp etent to p rform th d uties of h'is office, or if he is gu ilty of ma_lfea ance therein, the Court or Ju dge sha ll certify the sa me to the Govern or, w ho sha ll th e reupon declare the office of said In specto r vaca nt an d p roceed to s upply said vacan cy by appoint me nt. And . all vacancies in said o ffice s hall b fill d by appo mtment by the G overno r. T he cost o_f said investigation shall , if the charges are t~stam d , be taxed against the sai d In s pecto r, bu t 1f the ch~rges be not su s tain ed , they shall be taxed agam st th e county in which th e in vest iga tion is in stituted. Ventilation of l\\ines. S EC. 6. T h e ow ner, lessee or age nt of any coal mine, wh eth er s h aft, slop e or ~rift, shall provide and maintain for every s uch m m e, ample means of ventilation, affo rd in g n ot less th~n one hundred and fift y cubic fee t of pure air p~r minute for each and every pe rson employed 111 said min e, and a s much more as t h e ci rcumstances may require, whi ch shall be ci r<:ulated aroun~ the main headings and cross h eadmgs and working places to an extent that will dilute, carry off and render harmless the noxious or dangeroi~s gases generated therein· the main current of air shall be so split or subdivided as to give a sepa•c..- - - rate current of reasonably pure air to every ) W YO MING _ 7 hundred men at work, and the Inspector shall have a uthority to order separate · currents for s maller groups of me n, if, in his judgment, s pecial condi tion s make it necessary; and the ai r curre nt for ventilatin g the stable shall not pass into the intake air current for ventilating the work ing parts of the mine. In mines gene rating fi re-d amp a wo rked out or abandoned part s thereof s hall be kep t free of standing gas, or pro perly wa ll ed off and the entra nce thereto properly closed, and cau tionary notice posted on the stopping to warn persons from danger, and eve ry working place and all other places where gas is k now n or supp osed to exist, shall be carefully examined by the fire-boss, within two hours immediately befo re each shift, with a safety lamp, a nd in mak ing said examination it shall be the duty of the fire-bos s, at each examination, to leave at th e face of every place examined, evidence of h is presence; and it shall not be lawful fo r any mi ner to enter any mine or part of a mine creneratin g fire-damp until it has been exami n ed by the fire-boss aforesaid and by him reported to be safe. N o working place shall be dri ven more than fif ty feet in advance of a breakthrou gh or airway. Report of Inspection Posted at Mine. SEC. 7. It shall be the duty of each State I nsp ector of coal mines on each visit to. any m ines within his district, to make out a written or partly written and partly printed_report of the condition in which he finds such mmes and post the same in the office at the mine; also on the dump of such mine; the said rep~rt sha_ll give the date of visit, the number of v1s1ts durmg the year, the total number of mine_s in the State, the number of feet of air in circulation at the face of �r b 8 MININ G LAWS I each and every entry, and such other information as he_ shall dee~1 necessary, and th e report shall remam posted m the office and also on the d • f ump o f sue l1 mme or one year and said report • d b . may b. e examm_e y an}'. min er or pe rson employed m and about such mm e. Owner or Oper:ator Must R.eport to Inspector -When. ~EC. . On or before the 30th day of Octobe r m each year, th e owne r, operato r or superintendent of any mine or coalery shall send to the State Inspector of coal mines for the district in whic~1 ~aid ':line is situated , a correct report, spec1fymg with respect to th e year ending the 30th day of September, the name of th e owner, operator and officers of th e min e, and the quantity of coal mined and th e number of men employed. The re port shall be in such form and give such information as may be from time to time required and prescribed by the Inspector; blank forms for such re port shall be furnished by the State. Inspectors' Clerk-Appointment-Salary. SEC. 9. The State Coal Mine Inspectors shall have authority to appoint a clerk, who shall be a qualified elector of the State and who _shall receive a salary of ($600) six hundred dollars per annum, who shall be required to constantly be in attendance during regular office hours in the office of the State Coal Mine Inspectors, in the Capitol Building at Cheyenne. It shall be the duty of said chief clerk to keep the records of said office and to perform such clerical work ; as may from time to time be required of him by ~---- the said Inspectors. STAT K OF vVYOMIN G 9 Inspectors of Coal Mines-Duties. Si;;c. ro. \i\Therever in the Statutes or laws of 'Wyoming, not spec ifically referred to in this act, any duty or obli gation is imposed upon the State Inspector of coal min es, said duty shall become and is h e reby mad e a part of the duties of tlie I n pectors of coal mi nes, provided for in this act; and th e Inspecto rs appo inted under the provis ions of this act shall bave th e same jurisdiction , p ower and autho rity to act in the premises and to enforce the laws of this State within the bound s of their r esp ective districts as the State Inspector of coal min es has heretofore possessed thro ug hout the State. CHAPTER 98, SESSION LAWS 1901 Deputy Coal Mine Inspectors Appointment of. EC . 1. Th e tate Coal Mi ne Inspector shall have authority to appoint, from time to time, pecial de puties fo r the p urpose of reporting and investigating mi ne accidents, making examination s and re porting the same, and performing such oth er duties as they may be directed to perform by th e Coal Min e Inspector, in cases where it is impossible for the Coal Mine Inspector to be present in person. Compensation of. Si;;c. 2 . The de puties appointed under the provisions of Section I of this act shall _each r:ceive four dollars per day together with their necessary expenses while on duty; such per diem and expenses to be paid from the appropriation made for the contingent expenses of the State �MININ G LAWS STATE 01, \ '\l v o ~11 NG Coal ~1Iine Inspector, upon vouchers dul , sw _ to as_ m cases of othe r claims against tl} S orn provided, that all claims shall be a le tate; pproved by . ti1e S tate C oal Mm e Inspector befo re b emg • paid. .• TITLE 18, DIVISION t REVISED STATUTES CHAPTER 2 Coal Mines Map of Mines to be Prepared. SEC. 2562. The owner, operator or superintende nt of every coal min e shall make or cause to be _m ade, an accu rate map or plan of s uch coal mme, ?n a seal~ not exceed in g two hundred feet to the 11;1cb ; which map or plan shall exhibit all the openmgs or excavations, the s hafts, tunnels, . slopes, plan e , gangways, e ntri es, cross~eadmgs, rooms, etc., and s hall s how th e direction of the . air c urrents therein , and shall ac~ura~ely delm eate the bound ary lin e between sa1? mme and adjoining min es, and show its relation and proximity the reto . The said map or pl'.1n or a true ~opy thereof, shall be k ept at such mme by the said owner, op erator or superintenden_t, for the use of th e State Inspector of coal ~1m~s, aJ?-d fo_r the insp ection of any miner workmg m said mme, whenever said miner shall have ~ause to tear that the place where he is working !s becommg dangerous by reason of its proximity to o~her workings, which may be supposed to contam water or dangerous gases. The said owner, operator or superintendent shall as often as once m every six months accurately placP. or ,ca_use to be placed on a map or .plan of said coal ~:- ------- mme, a plan of the excavations made of all the I I I working places or other parts of such coal mine during the preceding six months, and whenever the workings or excavations of said coal mine or any part of the same have been driven to within ten fee t of the boundary line, or when said coal mine or a ny part of the same is abandoned, the owner, operator or superintendent thereof, shall furni sh the State Inspector of coal mines, within three months thereaft er, the proximity to the boundary line as aforesaid, or after abandonment of the said mine or any part of the same, with a correct copy on tracing muslin or blue print of the map or plan of said mine, which shall accurately show all excavc1 tions and workings of s uch mines to date, exhibiting clearly the pa rt or parts. abandon ed, and th e part or parts in proximi ty to th e boundary line aforesaid. The several coal maps or plans of mines in the State which are furni sh ed to the State Inspector of coal mines, as last aforesaid, shall be the property of the State, and shall remain in the care of the said State Inspector of coal mines, to be transferred by him to his successor in office, and in no case shall any copy of the same be made without the consent of the owner, operator or his agent. If the said State Inspector of coal mines shall find or have good reason to believe • that any map or plan of any coal mine made or furnish ed in pursuance of the provisions of this chapter is materially inaccurate or imperfect, he is here by authorized to cause a correct plan or map of said coal mine to be made at the expense of the owner or operator thereof, the cost of which shall be recovered from the said owner or operator, in the name of the State, as other debts are recoverable by law; provided, however, that if the map or plan which is claimed to be inaccurate shall prove to have been correct, then the �~ ~ MININ G LA WS ~nsp ecto r _shall be held liabl for th e ex in c urred m making such test , penses same shall b e paid by the said I:;prevC yt'Or.and the Mines to Have Two Openings. SEC. 2563. It shall not b lawfu I for th owner, op e~ator, contractor, less c or agent o~ any. coal mine, or. for . anv J fi rm , comp any , co rpora t 10n or association, th ei r clerks serva t agents _or . employes to _employ any personn :; work w1th~n any coal mrne, or permit any person t? b e m a~y coal mine for th e purpose of w_ork:ng t~ e re rn , uni s uch mine is in com mu n1cat1on with at leas t two op nin gs , if the min e be worked by shaft or slop , , hi ch two shafts or sloyes shall bE: se parated by natu ral strat a at all pomts _b y a. d1stanc of not less than fi ft y fee t, excep~ m dnft m in es h ere tofore op ned, where the ~me In spector shall deem it impracticable; prov:ded, h owever, an agg rega te number not exce~dmg twenty person s may be e mployed iii th e mme at any on e time until th e seco nd op ning sh all be reached and made available which said second openi ng the said Insp ector of coal mines shall_ cause to b e made with out unn ecessary delay, and m case of furn ace e ntilation being used before the second opening is reached, the furnace shall not be placed within forty feet of the foot of the shaft, slope or drift, and shall be well secured from danger from fire by brick or sto ne walls of sufficient thi ckness. l\\an=Ways. ~EC. 2564. When a second opening or outlet 1~ made. which does not exceed seventy-five feet m vertical depth, from the surface to the seam or strata of coal that is being mined, it I ~ STATE OF \-\IYO MING sha ll be s<:: t apart exc lu s ively for the purpose of ingress and egress to or from the mine, by any p rson or p ersons e mployed therein, and it shall always be kept cl ar of any obstruction, and if the opening is a shaft it sh all be fitted with safe and conv ni n t s tairs not less than two feet wide, and not to exceed an angle of sixty degrees descen t, and land ings of not less than eighteen in ches wid e and four feet long, at easy and conve ni ent dis tan ces; and a ll water coming from the s urface o r out of th e strata in the shaft shall so be co nducted a to be prevented from falling do wn th e shaft or th <:: s tairs or on persons asce ndin g or desce nding the stairway of the shaft. 1f the second op ening is a slope for a traveling ,, ay and has a greater angle of descent than twen ty-five J eg re·s, it shall be provided with f:11ita ble s tairs, not les than two feet wide, but when the seam or s tratum of coal at main outlet o r capement shaft in connection with any mine exc els seve nty- five feet in vertical depth from th e surfac , the miners or other employes in the mine shall be lo we red into or raised from said mine by machinery; and when the employes are lowered into or raised from said mine at the main o utlet, th e escapement shall be fitted with safe and available machinery, or safe and convenient stai rs, by which persons employed in the mines may readily escape in case of accident. The hoisting machinery and stairs used for lowering or raising the em ployes into or ont of the mine shall be kept in a safe condition and inspected once each twenty-four hours by a competent pe rson employed in whole or in part for that purpose, and such machinery and the methods of its in s pection shall be approved by the State Inspector of coal mines. I '~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MININ G LAWS ST AT E O F VVYOMIN G Ventilation-Gas and Fire Damp- Duties. _ SEc. 2565. T h owne r or age nt of any coal mme, w_het~er shaft, slop e or drift shall provide and mamtam for every such min e ample means of ventilation, affordin g n ot le s than on e hun dred cubic feet of pure air pe r m inute for ach and every person employed in aid mine, an d as mu_ch more as t_he circum s tances may require, which shall be circu lated around the main h eadings and across h eadings and wo rki ng places to an extent that will dilute, carry off and re nd er harmless the noxious or dange rous gases generated therein, and all mines ge n eratin g fire-d amp shall be kept free of standin g gas in t he wo rked out or abandon ed !-'arts o f th e sam e, and the entrance thereto shall be prop erly closed and cautionary notice shall be posted to warn p ersons of danger, and e very working place and all oth er places where gas is known or supposed to exist shall be carefu lly examin ed by the fi re-boss, within two hours immediately before each shift, with a safety lamp, and in making said examination it shall be the duty of the fire- boss, at each examination, to leave at the fa ce of every place examined evid ence of his presence; and it shall not be lawful for an) miner to enter any mine or part of a mine generatin g fire-damp until it has been examined by the fire-boss aforesaid and by him re ported to be safe. Control of Fire Damp-Penalty. SEc. 2566. It shall be unlawful for any miner, fire-boss, employe in any mine or other person_ to . brush fire-damp from any place in a coal ~me by means of a coat, sack, sail cloth orany li½e article or material; and any person so offendmg shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction shall be imprisoned for a term not exceedin g six months, and fin ed in any sum not to exceed one hundred dollars. And any owner or superinte ndent, mine-boss or fire' boss who shall knowingly permit the same to be done shall be d eemed guilty of a misdemean or, subject to the same penalties as hereinbefore p rescribed. ..,, Mining Boss- Duties. E . 2567. I n order to better sec ure the proper vent ilation of every co al mine, and promote th e hea lth and safety of the persons employea t herein , the owner or agen t shall e mploy a comp etent and practical inside overseer, to be called mi ning boss, w h o shall be an experienced coal miner, and shall h ave taken an d passed the examination before, and received a certificate of comp etency from the examining board hereinafter pro vided for, and who shall keep a careful watch over the ven tilating apparatus and the ai rways, t raveling ways, pumps and drainage, and shall see tha t, as the miners advance their ex cavations, all loose coal, slate and rock overhead are carefull y secured against falling on the travelin g ways, a nd that suffici ent props, caps and timbers are furnished upon order of the miner, of suitable size and cut square at both ends, a nd as near as practicable to a proper length for the places where they are to bt: used, and such props, caps or timber and the necessary rails and ties shall be delivered at the mouth of the rooms. He shall see that all water be drained or hauled out of all working places before the miner enters, and, as far as practicable, kept dry while the miner is at work; and it shall be the further duty of the mining boss to se·e that the proper cut-throughs are made in the room �-------..... $TATE OF vVYOMlNG r6 17 MINING LA WS char e of the agent of s uch mine_, a n~ in all mines the Joors used in assisting or directrng th~ ve ntilation of the mine shall be so hun g and adJus~ed that th ey will clos thems l·ves, or be supplied with sp rin gs or p ulleys so that th ey cannot b e left standin g open, and bore holes s hall b e kept no t less than twelve f t in advance o f the face of every work ing place, and wh en n ec_essar~ on the sid es of th e sam e wh en they _a r~ berng dnven toward s and in dangerou s prox1m1ty to an abandoned min e or pa rt of a mi n e, s~spe~t~d of contain ing infla mmable gases, or which 1s mundated with water. pillars in the miners ' places at intervals of not more than sixteen yards for th e purpose of ventilation, and in all hauling roads holes for sh elter shall be mad~ every thirty yards , and be kept whitewashed , when a space two feet and six inches between the wagon and th e rib hall be deem ed sufficient for shelter; and th e minin g boss shall measure th air current at least on ce a week at the inlet and outlet and at or near the face of the headings. Record. SEC. 2568. The mining boss shall k ep a record of such measurements , which shall be placed by him in a book kep t for that pnrpose; said book to be open for the exam inati on of the aid State InspE>ctor. H e shall also, on or about the fifteenth day of each month, mail to th e tate Inspector of coal min es a tru e copy of th e air measurements given , stating a lso th e numb er of persons employed in or about said mine, the number of mules and horses used, and the number of days worked in each month , for which purpose blanks shall be furn ished by th e said Inspector. It shall be th e further dnty of th mining boss to immediately notify the own er or agent of the mine of hi s inability to comply with the provisions of this chapter . It shall th en become the duty of the said superintendent, operator, owner or agent at once to attend to th e matter complained of by the mining boss, and to comply with the provisions hereof. Safety Lamps-Ventilation. SEC. 2569. The safety lamps used for examining mines, or which may be used in working therein, shall be furnished by and be the property of the owner of said mine, and shall be in Examination of Mine. SE C. 2570. T h e mini ng boss, or hi assistant, shall visit a nd exam in e e,: e ry wo rkin g place in the min e at least once every a lterna te day while th e miners of such place are or sh ould be at work, and shall direct that each and every working place i prop erly secured by props or timber, and that safety in all resp ects is assured, and that no person shall be pe rmitted to work in an un safe place, unless it be for the purpose of makin g it safe. l Rules. SE . 257 r. All owners and operators of coal mines shall keep posted in a conspicuous place about their min e printed rules, submitted to and app_roved by the State Inspector, defining the duties of all persons em ployed in or about said ~oal mines, which said notices shall be printed 111 th~ langua~e or languages used by the miners workmg the rem . �18 STATE OF \V Y MING 19 M I NING LAW S Injury to Property- Penalty. SEC. 2572. Any min er, work man or oth e r perso~ who shall in_tentionally injure an y shaft, lamp, mstrume nt, air course or bra ttise, or obstruct or throw open a ir ways, or carry lighted pipes or matches into places that are worked by safety lamps, or handle or disturb a ny part of th e machin ery, or open a door and not clos e it again , or enter an y place of the min against ca ution, or disobey any order g iven in carrying out th e provisions of this chapte r, or do a ny othe r act whereby the lives or th e health of p ersons or security of the mines or machine ry is e ndangered, shall be deemed guilty of a misd emea nor, and may be punished in a man n er provid ed in section two thousand fiv e hundred and eightyfour. Machinery- Traveling Way. S Ec. 2573 . All mach inery about m in s hal l be properly fe nced off, and the r s hall be cut iu the side of every hoisting shaft, at th e bottom thereof, a traveling way sufficiently wide and high to enable persons to pass the shaft in going from one side of th e min to the other, without passing over or unde r the cage or oth er hoist ing apparatu s. Inspector to Have Access to Mines. S EC. 257+ The State Inspector of coal mines shall have the right at all tim es to ente r any coal mine to make ex amina tions or obtain information, and the owner or s up erintendent_ shall afford any assistance necessary to the said Ii:ispector in making such examination. The s~1d In spector shall notify the owner,lessee,supe_n ntendent or mining boss immediately of the discovery of any iolation of this chapte r, _and _o f the pe?a lty imposed the1:e b) fo _r s ue~ v10lat10n, and m case of such notice be mg d isregarded for th e space of five days h e shall institute p~o_ceedings aaainst the owner, age nt, less ee or mmrng boss, , u~der the prov'isions of section two thousand five: hun dred and eighty-four. In case, however, where, in th e j ud gme nt of the said Inspector, delay may jeop ardize l ife or limb, he may at once enter pro ceedings ( xcept the defects to be remedi ed ) to res train work ing of the min e; and th e cos t of said pro ceedings incl uding th e ch arge of the at torney pro secu ting th e same, shall be borne by the owner, le ssee, o r sup erinte ndent against wh om su ch pro ceedings are had; provicld, that n o atto rney fee exceeding the sum of fi fty dollars s hall be tax ed in any on e case for the prosecution of such case; and provided, furth 1::r, that if th e court sha ll find the cause not s ufficient, th en the ca se s hall be dismi ssed and the costs borne by th e ta t . Procedure in Case of Accident. ~E C. 257 5. vVh en ev r, by reason of any ex plosion, or any oth er accid ent, in any coal mine or th e machin ery conn ected therewith loss of life or serious pe rsonal injury shall occu;, it shall be th e ~uty of _su~h p erso~s having "charge of such ~me or colli ery to g ive a notice thereof fort~with to th e State Inspector of coal mines and 1£ any pe rson is killed th e reby, to the coro~ ner ?f th e county, who shall give due notice of the 11:1q uest to be held . If the coroner shall determm e to hold an inquest, the said Inspector shall be allowed to testify and offer such testi1 ~ ony as he shall deem necessary to thoroughly mform the ~ai~ inquest of the causes of the death, a nd the said mspector shall have authority at ,I p ===---=;=.===,::----,.,.....,,..,,.........,..- - - - - - - - -- - -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~:--:-=-------:=-=::::?J·!, �T AT !! OF \Vvo~IING 20 21 M I NING LAW S an y tim e to appear b fore said coroner and jur ' a nd question or cro ss q uestio n any wi tness, and and in choosin g a j ury for th e pu r pos o f holding such inqu est it s ha ll be th e duty of the coroner to e mpanel at least one ex pe rienced min e r on such jury. It shall be the duty of the said I ns pector, up on bein g no t ified as herein provide~ , to imm edia tely re pa ir to th e scene of the accid ent and make such sugg stions as may a ppear necessary to secu re the future safety of th e menand if th e res ults of th e explosion or acciden t do not requ ire a n in ves ti gation by the coroner, he shall proceed to invest igate and ascertain th e cau se of th e ex plosion o r accid nt and make a record thereof, which he shall Ii] as provided for; an d to e nabl e him to make th e investigati on he shall hav e th e power to com pel the attendance of p e rson s to t stify, a nd to admini ter oath s or a ffi rmations. Tb e cost of uch inves tiga tio n shall be pa id by the county in which th e accident occ ur red in th e same mann er as co ts of coroners' inqu ests are paid by la w. Appeal from Decision of Inspector. SEc. 2576. The In spector shall exercise h is sound discretion in tbe en forcem ent of th e proYisions of this cha p ter, a nd if the operator, o,-vn r or miner shall not be sat isfied with a ny d ecision of the In spector rendered in the d ischa rge of hi s duties under this chapter, wh ich said decis ion s hall be in writin g, and s ign ed by sa id In specto r, the said own er, operator, miner or miners may, within fifteen days after s uch d eci sion is rendered, appeal to the district court of the county in which the mine is located, and said court shall speedily determine the point involved in said d ecis ion and appeal.which said decision shall be bind ing and conclusive, subject only to a n appeal to th e s upre me co urt of t!1e Sta te. T he_ co urt, in its d iscretion, may appoint th ree practi cal, co~petent a nd d isin tereste~ person s, w ~1?se duty 1t shall be, und r instruct10ns_ of the s aid court, to forth with examin e such mine a n d m ake re port und er oath of the facts _as t~e.f ex is t or m ay h~ve been, togethe r with th eir opm10ns th e reon , which report of said board shall becom e a b_so~ute, unless exceptions th ereto s ha ll· b e filed w1thm te n days after th e notice of the filing thereof, to t he ow ner, op erator, miner or mine rs or Inspector, a nd if exceptions be filed the cou rt shall at ? 1?ce hear and determine the same, and the dec1s10n shall b final and conclusiv , ubjec t o nly t o appeal as afor said . If the conrt s hall fina lly s ustai n th e d ecision of th e Inspector, then t h e a p p ellants shall pay all costs of uch proceedin gs, an d if th e court shall not sus tain the dec isio n of the In spector, then such costs shall be p aid by the co unty or by the appellants a n d co unty in such proport ion as the court s hall d e t ermine . N o appeal fro m any decision mad e by any Inspector shall work as a supersedeas during the pendency of such app eal, bu t all s uch d ecisions ba ll be in full force until reversed or m odifi ed by the court. Examining Board- Appointment. SE c. 2_577. On th e p e tition of the Inspector of _coal mm es, th e d is_tr ict court in any county in this S tate s hall a p p omt a n exam ining board for such c? un ty, con s istin g of the State Inspector of co_al mm es, an ope rator of a coal mine, and a coal mmer, who shall be citize n s of the Uriited States and the la tter two of w hich board shall have a~ le~s~ ten years' experi ence in coal mines and mmm g, whos: duty it shall be to examine a ny person applymg there to as to his competency �n 22 MININ G LAW S and qualification s to discharge the duti es of mining boss. ST ATE O F \ :YVOM IN G 23 Boss to Have Certificate. SEc. 2578. Said board of ex am iners shall meet at the call of the Inspector and th ey sh all grant certificat~s to all persons whose ex amination shall disclose th eir fitn ess for the duties of mining boss, and such certificat shall be suffi cient evidence of the competen cy and qualification of the holders for the dut ies of aid office· provided, how ever, that when th e tate lVIine In spector from his inspection of any mine may become satisfied that the min e-boss or fire- bos s is incompetent in th e p erforman ce of hi s du ties, he may request him to unde rgo a r -examinatio n before the examining board , and in th e even t of bis refusal to undergo said exa mination h e is he reby authorized to cancel his certificate of compete ncy and cause the sam e to beco me null and void. SEC. 2580 . No person s hall act as fire-boss or mining-boss unless granted a certifi cate of competency by th e State Inspector of coal mines. No own er, operator, contractor, lessee or ·agent shall employ any mining-boss or fire-boss who does not have the certificate of competency r equired. Said ce rtificate shall be posted up in the office of the mine, and if any accident shall occur in any min in wh ich a mining-boss or fireboss shall b employed who has no certificate of competency, as required by this chapt er, by which any miner shall be killed o r injured, h e or his estate s hall hav e a right of actio n against such operator, owner, les e or agen t, and shall recover th e full dam ages susta in ~d ; in case of death, such action to be brought by th e administrator of his estate within three years from the date of accident, the proceeds recovered to be divided among the h eirs o f the d eceased according to -law. Compensation and Term of Office. Inspection at request of Miners. Duties of Board. I SE c. 2579. The members of th e exammrng board, other than th e Insp ector, sh all h old their office for the p e riod of two years from the date o{ their appointm ent, and sha ll receive five dollars per day for each day necessarily and actually employed, and mil eage at the rate of fifteen cents per mil e for each mile necessarily traveled , to be paid by the State. Vacancies in th e membership of the board shall be filled by th e court of the proper county, except the vacancy in the office of the Inspector. Sessions of the examining board shall not exceed three days in each quarter, and for any certificate granted the board shall receive the sum of one dollar, the same to be paid into the State treasury. S~c. 25 r. At any tim e, upon the request o f the mmers employe~ Ill any co'.11 mine, the State Inspector may appomt a comm ittee of two miners employed in said min e, which committee shall ~e assisted by the min e-boss to make an inspection ~f said mine and report th e result of said inspec_tion to _the State Mine Inspector, for which se;v1ces said committee shall be paid by the· mmers ~mployed in said mine. The State Insp~ctor is hereby made the legal adjuster of all ~v;_igh scales,_ measures or other mechanical mame by which the miners' coal is weighed or mefsured, and shall balance and adjust said fta es or me~sur~s at any time he may consider necessary Ill his official \'isits to the mines. �- ----- 6J STAT E OF' \IVVOMING MINING LAW S Person Injured to Recover Damages-When. SEc. 2582. F or a ny inj ury to person or property occasioned by any violation of this ch apter, or any willful fa ilure to comply with its provi sions, a right of action against th e party at fault shall accrue to the party injured for the direct damages sustain ed the reby, and in any case of loss of life ; by reason of such violati on or willful failure, a right of acti on against th e party at fault shall accrue to the ad ministrator of th e e tate of the person whose life shall be los t, fo r like recovery of damages for the inj uri es sustained ; provided, that nothing in this section shall be so construed as to preven t th e recovery of any lawful damages against th pe rson or company op erating the mines if said company hould be found in fault or shall have contributed to any accident by means of carelessn ess on thei r part; and provided, furth er, that in no case shall the State be liable for d amages u nder th i chapter. Stretchers to be Provided-When. S E . 2583 . It shall be th e duty of owners, operators, lessee , superint nd en t a nd agents of coal min es to keep at th e mouth of the drift, shaft or s lope, or at any such oth er place or places as shall be designated by th e I nspecto r, stretche rs in such numb er as th e Inspector shall designate, prop erly constructed, for the purpose of carrying away any miner or employe working in and about such mine, who may in any way be injured in and about his employm ent. Neglect of Duties-Penalties. SEc. 2584. The neglec t or refusal to JJerform the duties required to be performed by any section of this chapter or sections one hundred and 25 ten to one hundred and fifteen inclusive (these sections are now Chapter 23, Laws of 1903, t_he first chapter of this pamphlet) by the pa~t1es therein required to perfo_rr:n th em, or t?e v10lations of any of th e prov1s1ons _or reqmrements thereof, shall be d eem ed a m1sdel'!1eanor, a~d shall, upon conviction, ex cep t whe rem otherwise provided, be punish ed by a fine of not l~ss than two hundred dollars and no t ex ceedmg five hundred dollars, at the discre tion of the court; provided, tha t in case the neglect or failure or violation occurs in the case of th e State Inspector of coal mines, if such violation , failure or neglect is shown to have been willfu l, such punishm ent shall be by a fine of not less than fiv e hundred dollars nor mo re than one thousand dollars, or by impriso n ment not less than six months nor more than one year, or by both ; and in default of paym ent o f any fin e imposed upon any person und er thi s chapter, such person may be committed to jail until th e same shall be paid. Application. SE c. 2585. T h e prov1 s10ns of this chapter shall not apply to any mine employing an average of less than ten persons during any one twenty-four hours. CHAPTER 3 ·-'i., Eight Hour Law :j Legal Working Day in Coal Mines. S;c. 2 586. Eight hours shall constitute a day s work for all coal miners and laborers now ::ployed, ?r ,yho 1:1-ay be hereafter employed, in .t Y coal mme m this State, except in cases where I may be necessary to work more than eight �- 7[j - -- -- • - - MINING LAWS STA TE OF 'WYOMING hours per calendar day for th e protection of property or human life; provided , that in all such cases the miners or laborers so employed and working to exceed eight hours pe r cale ndar day shall be paid upon the basis of eight h o urs constituting a day's work. Ill a)' hereafter l>e e mployed , in or about any coal Day Defined. SEC. 2587. In all contracts h ereafte r made between any owner, lessee or operator of any coal mine with any such miner or laborer for his services as such, the word day when used shall be construed to be eight hours; provided, that nothing in this chapter contained shall be construed to prohibit or prevent any such owner, lessee or operator from operating his or its coal mine more than eight hours in any twen ty-four. Time Defined. SEc. 2588. The eight hours in thi s chapter provided for shall be con stru ed to mea n eight hours of actual labor and shall not include th time consumed in going to or returni ng from work. Penalty. SEC. 2589. Any owner, lessee or operator, his or its agent, employes or servants violatin g any of the provisions of this chapter shall be fined not less than fift y dollars nor more than three hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three months, or both. CHAPTER 4 Payment of Coal Miners Miners Shall be Paid Semi=J\1.onthly. SEc. 2590. All wages or compensation of coal miners and laborers, now employed, or who mine in the Stat , s ha ll be due and payable semi-monthly, and such payment shall be made in lawful mon ey of th e U nited States, or by . a good and valid c~eck o r draft, payable on :presentation thereof, m lawful money of the Umted States, and not otherwi e; that is to say, all such money earned prior to the first day of any month shall be due and payable on or before the fifteenth day of such month, and any such money earned prior to th e sixteenth day of any month shall be due and payable on or before the last day of s uch month . Any person, company or corporation operat in g coal mines wi thin this State who fails to com ply with the prov isions of this section sha ll be fined in the sum of no t les s than twentyfive dollars nor more than o ne hundred dollars for each and every offense. Action Accrues- When. SE C. 2591. In case of any employer of any suc h miner or laborer s hall fail or refuse to make payment as aforesaid, the same shall be recoverable in an ac tion at law, together with legal interest from the date wh en such ·amount was due, as provid ed herein. Set=Off. S Ec. 2592. No account for goods, wares or merchandise, nor any claim, except for money lo~n ed or advanced by such employer to such mmer or laborer, except as hereinafter provided, shall be allowed as a set-off or counter-claim in such action, and any condition of employment whereby any of the provisions of this chapter are sought to be avoided shall be utterly null and void. �--.----- ST,<TK 0 1' vV\' OM I NG ]VftNIN G LAWS Employer May Furnish Certain Supplies. SEC. 2593. Nothing in this chapter contained shall be held to inte rfere with any contract or agreement, in writing, for th e furni shing by such employer to such employes, o f med ici n e, medical attendance, fuel or house rent. CHAPTER 5 Weighing of Coal Regulating the Weighing of Coal. SE C. 2594. It shall be unlawful for any mine owner, lessee, operator, agent or company in this State, employi ng miners at bushel or ton rates, or other quantities, in mining coal , to pass the output of coal min ed by said miners over any screen or any device which shall take any part of the marketable coal from the amount thereof, before the same shall have bee n weigh ed and duly credited to the employes sending th same to the surface, unless o th erwise agreed upon between miners and th eir emp loyers. In case of an y agree ment where coal is credited to miners after having been screened and weighed, said miners or employes shall recei ve compensation for all marketable or saleable coal sent by them to the surface, and accounted for at the customary rate of weights; provided, that this section shall also apply to the class of ·w orkers io mines known as loaders engaged in mines where mining is done by machinery whenever the workers are under contract to load coal by bushel, ton or quantity. Fraudulent Weighing of Coal Prohibited. SEC. 2595. It shall be unlawful for any person, company or corporation having or using , for the purpose of weighing th e ontput of sea les . . . l mine in this State, to so arrange 01 conany c Oa • t • h struct the sam e that fraudulent or mcorrec we1g 1· may b e done th e reb y, or to resort to or em~~y any m eans by reason ;of which such_ coal rs may be mined sh all be mcorrectly weighed and reported . Penalty. SE C. 2596. Any p erson, company or corporation, or agent or e mploye of a1_1y person, company or corporation, who sbal! v10late '.1ny of the provision s of the t wo pre ceding sections, shall be fined not more than on e hundred dollars, or imprisonme nt in th e connty jail not more than three months, or both. CHAPTER 6 Session Laws 1903 CutaOffs in Cross• Cuts in Coal Mines Cut=Offs-Built How. SEC. r. It shall be th e duty of ev-ery person, company or corporation, owning or operating coal mines, to shut off all unused cross-cuts between main entries and air courses with a tightly built wall of suitable rock ; said wall may be built of waste rock from said mine, the face of such wall to be plastered with mud, or lime and sand; said wall to be kept at all times in perfect condition and repair. Safety Cable to Man=Trips. SEc. 2. It shall be the duty of every person, compa?-y or corporation, owning or operating • ~oal mmes, to provide a wire cable which shall, m all cases, and under all circumstances, be attached to the lead car on all trains of coal cars �Mll,JN G LAW 30 going into a coal min e, and to th e las t car of coal cars coming out of a min e, whi ch train of cars are commonly known as " man -trip s " ; and which said wire cabl e s ha ll also be attached to the hoist cable in such way that, if an y co uplin g of the cars on sa id " man-trips " sh ou ld becom e broken or unfaste ned , th e said wire cabl , s o attached to the hoist cable, would prevent th e cars becoming uncoupled and runnin g back into th e mine. Any such train of cars, known as " man trips;,, shall not be run at a g reat r speed than five miles an hour. Penalty. SE C. 3. Any person , company or corporation violating any of th e pro vis ion s of th is act shall upon conviction thereof, be d e m ed gui lty o f ~ misdemeanor. and shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more th a n one thousand dollars for each offense. State Mine Inspector- Duty. SE C. 4. It s hall be the cl u ty of th e State Mine Inspector to enforce the provis ions of this act. CHAPTER 106, SESSION LAWS OF WYOMING, 1909. House Bill 118 Relative to Sprinkling of Dry and Dusty Places in Coal Mines. AN ACT, to provide for the sprinkling with water of all dry a nd d usty places or parts of coal mines in the State of Wyoming and providing penalt ies for t he viola tion thereof. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING: Shall Sprinkle. SEC. I. Th e owner, lessee or agent or operator of a ny coal mi ne, whether shaft, slope or drift , sha ll sprinkl e wi t h water at least twice a week all dry and dusty places ,, ithin said coal mines, and all accumulations of dust shall be loaded up a nd taken outside of the said mine at least once each month while such mine is in operation ; Provided, That all accumulations of slack, machin e slack, track cleanings and other waste n:a tcrials incident _to. coal mining shall be consid ered as dust w1th111 the meaning of this act. Amount of Fine. SEC. 2. Any person, persons, or association of persons, or corporations or agent, operator, lessee or owner of any coal mine in this State who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall upon conviction be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars. for each and every offense. SEC. 3- Tlus act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 27th, 1909. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coal Mining Laws of Wyoming Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1909 Subject The topic of the resource Sections of revised statutes and amended laws of 1901, 1903, and 1905. Description An account of the resource 6" x 4" booklet with beige cover and black spine. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0033 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/f00d0769cb564a81d71c8e2b046fb15c.pdf 86dfe913ec5a09f7a55ff9dcbb4b6ce0 PDF Text Text SMEAD 88 SP59940 �THOMAS ALLEN • CHIEF INSPECTOR �THOMAS ALLEN • CHIEF INSPECTOR ', ~ OFFICEOF STATE INSPECTOR OF COAL MINES ~~-GEFICE B Y I ~ ~j,2 c'./?P /7'01- ;:/ijlf£X DENVER, COLORADO I· •• .JM- ~ /~ ~ I ~•%~,~ d£,wdf~d ,7/~~~L~~ r~ b/4 ~~!<4/k ~ ~ . • , ~ ;~ .<r~/ljere~ di£ 1/4 / ~ ~ . ~ �F. P. McCALL, BOARD OF EDUCATION ,, '. Superintendent H. A. RENNY, Preeident Hanna Public Schools School Disbict Number 7 S . D. BRIGGS, Clede ROBERT NORRIS, Tre1111Ur"" G.E. BULLOCK FRANK RYDER Hanna, Wyoming .April 12,1938 Hro Ro Ro Knill, Safety Engineer Union Pacifi c Coal Company, Rock Spring s, \lyomingo Dear Mro Knill : Reference is made to the letter of Mro Eo H. Denny under date of April 6th with regard to the time at which Mr. Bird would find it convenient to be a t Hanna Schools for the exami nation of the members of the Safety Class and·-r wish to advise tha t 1-laY 5th. as desig~ted in Hr . Denny's letter will be entirely sa tisfa ctory wi th us a nd we will call this class for examination at any hour t hat Viill be convenient with Mro B 4 ·rd o For your informat i on I wish to say that there are four girls.and ten boys in this class 0 Very sincerely yours, FPM/ac cc to Mr. E. H. Denny Mr. o. G. Sharrer Mr. J. B. Moulton, J,~~ Superintendent �THE UNION PACI:F:CC CO.A:. CQj\[J?ANY TO NEW EMPLOYEES: You have accepted employment as an experienced \vorkman. This com;pa~y . does___not want men who are careless and who -~~ereby lay themselves and their fellow workmen open to injury. No ma~ter in ,~hat kind of a _job you will work you ai:e j _o_in~ng a grou];! of careful workmen dir~cted ?.Y careful foremen and you will be expeoted to keep up with them in the matter of safety. Over half of the men injured in our mines are hurt at the working face by top coal and rock. This coal is high and the loose coal on the faG9 P.".Ust be watched. Examine the place wllE>i-e you w0rk and "MAKE IT SAFE." A, W,, Dickinson Safety Engineer. �/ ! t__ • • ·o r., ~'... u ;" ' J 'J 0 a_t 0 :l o ~ ~ . .... . :.. -- ...,... . ) "! ... . .. . r'\,. .. ~ ....... ;- ,____ ~ • , ... • ",) ., 1 _ _, I . .. - ,. ·, --· -·-·- r 6 (' • • .... t,• " ••• Cr �~e~~eee~~cie~e~m~e, • e m ~ e'I e FIRECRACKERS BRING 1B MENACE OF FIRE m e Yo. -.gsters are cautioned e m against the indiscreet use of 1B m • fire crackers this week of the e m glorious Fourth, the fire chief e ~ announced yesterday. e m With proper. regard for safe• e e ty being employed, fire crackers 1B I ~ in the main cease to be n dang- m , $ er, but carelessness often creeps 1B $ In, according to the chief, and m 1 O n fire or injuries to cWldren ls • e • ~ liable to result. 1B , $ Youngsters are cautioned to ~ O explode the c.r nckers In places m e.'1 where buildings may be out of e.'I C'1 danger; especlnlly does this np- e3 ~ ply to Romnn candles, sky rock- m ~ (•ts, and other forms of crackers ~ ffi where the explosion tnkes pince m ~ at a distance. Extreme caution ~ El.'! should be used in the direction $ m cmckers of this nature are $ t'.3 pointed when th<'Y nre about to l:l'l m be fired. 0 ~ 0 ~ mee$$ CH:H!H~eooom~m �Rock Springs - March 27, 19250 Mr. J. Ao Smith: I notice that a good many of our oxygen tanks for helmets are not painted any distinctive color 80 that we may know them from the commercial tanks of oxygen being shipped to us. I would suggest that you arrange at all of our camps to have some distinctive mark on the oxygen we use for helmet worko My remembrance is that we formerly painted a red and white stripe around the center of the tank. Wish you would look into this and see what we can develop 80 that there will be no mistake in having men use commercial oxygen for helmet work as you understwid this is different oxygen than that used for cb �Omaha - April 15, 1925. Mro J. A. Smith: I have given a good deal of thought to the safety items discussed at the meeting held in the First Aid Hall, Rock s'p rings, April 8th, and certain definite impressions linger very strongly with me, which in substance are : (a) Our mine supervisory forces are still looking on out safety campaign as a transient institution, which, after having a brief' da.y, will be a thing f'orgotten . . (b) That the daily saf'ety program is very largely, by our superintendents and subordinate mine officials, looked upon as consisting almost wholly of putting in the certain specif'io improvements that are authorized, f'orgetful of the fact that an open door, failure to carry air to one point at the faoe, careless handling of explosives by one man, the improper installation and maintenance of a piece of equipment, with failure to maintain proper clearance at a given point, as well as many other similar things, all of which are 95% supervision, carry the full potential of an individual fatality or a major accident. As I stated to the superintendents and foremen, no expenditure on the part of the Company, or no army of supervisory general officers, can be made to serve as a substitute for the proper attitude of mind on the part of the men directly in charge of operation, and that is something that we must get, if it is necessary to relieve the men we have and get men who are capable of developing that attitudeo To me it seems rather tragic that such things as a defectively hung door, which will not definitely close, should be allowed to exist in one o:f our mines. My understanding is that an open door is looked upon as the most plausible cause for the Sublet accident, costing thirty-nine lives, last year. �- 2 - I hope you will press each of the individual points developed by the Joint Committee at the first examination, as well as that now under way, to such conclusion with our mine superintendents that a condition once found will not be found again in the same propertyo Please see that Mro McClelland develops an equally rigit attitude as regards ventilationo .Am. sending copy of this letter to Mr . Prydepwith the feeling that he will support you in the fullest way. _, / CC-Bro Go B. Pryde �Roelc. Spr~ngs ... April 28, 1925. l1ir~J...--Di~i;-.c::u/: I o.m odvi.oed by !81". Smith that th:3 Joint axo.minatio,n of the Safety Committa0 yesterday developex1 tho faot ·thnt No. 4 rooin Glopzi in tlo. 4 Uine, Rook Springo, v-ae over ~TIO b.unclx-ad x' oat al:pa.d of ~i;h0 clro Ho i~die:tely ordered these uorking places stopped ui:lichp of oour 00 0 000 tho pr ope~ thing to do• and reported this f!lat'tex- ·to s in yot.T c.boence. to beli aa tha:~ ho ovoz-loolrnd thio o itua-;;ion., You pTobahly recall that uhen lli,• l.'lcAuliffo had all the Suparin- tondonto in w; office oolll3 M.m0 ngo, ue uont OVeJi' the last report of the Safety \ mum; t,o 1.rnpt up to tho oorkiDg faco, and I ·~ ougM 'ihet ual;) thoroughly under• ctocd hy all pr0seJ1t and, psrsoually 0 I ao labodFJ,g undGi" no misoonception as to . ~. BcAw.ix' f 0° s attitude in the nat·tCT \J'hich io GJ1til"'ely right am proper. I ! oew1ot conceive tlhy these ordore should no-t have been conveyed by all Superintondon~s ·t o their li'Q:romn and ~~iaiely ccn!lpliame demanded. ' ,pould at. once nnko a i'igid • I uieh youinveotigation of this caae, ' getting all the particulars from Lll'°• Smt b 0 i'in~ng out from Mr. 1'.1cCarty if ho failed to transmit the inotruotioins r .a eoived nt ·the moating m.tb Mr. ilcAulitfo to hie Foremsn and if ho did no-'u do 00 0 uhy Tae fa.iled to do soo on the other hand 9 tho ill.no 1.i'w ogm ill t\ certH>:ied I!lru'l, h~ving been certified by the State to tuko care of the safety of the men and the pro'!a per·ty and I cen see no exouse for his failure to comply \11th the State LD.\1s \11th ;ragnrd to ventilation. After you havo invos·~igat0d this case thoroughly, I chall ox.poet �in the abeal"loo o'1 any enteaueting Qircmmstruacea that you ordex- !Jr. flq_oda 9 il:mnodia.ts ; dis cb arge. It o 0e1ro that tis must stari s O:ill3 place i o imp1·oss upon our o t'fioial a the doofr e oi tho high er !/ tta State Miming lw\70o ;' .,1· ,'! t /t I " cb �Omaha - June 5, 1925. Mr. J. A. Smith: Your weekly report of June 2nd: I regret the controversy be-ti.Teen individual members of the Union and the State Inspector. In a case of this sort our du~J is clear 1st - Where ,ve are v,rrong the property should be put right at once, and that without regard to expense. 2nd - Where the State Inspector is right we should support him. I feel that we have obtained from Mr . Dyer of' the Bureau of Mines a very broad analysis of' our ventilation situation, which I de:t'initely f'eel is of paramount importance, all else secondary thereto, and I am hopeful that 1.1r. Denny's reports will be equally constructive. I .feel that our ventilation situation is not yet perfect and �Rock Spri2JGe • Movem'oar 2nd, 1925. Report ot disposal of the Qasea of Subject: vi.olo.tion of State l1;1tt • Mines ~ atlid 8, Roe!: Sp~ings, \?yarning. Otl Thurod~y O Octob0~ 29th; Ur. Uil:l,iem r.'1ui'A"O.Y', il:tapecti11g engineer :regular inspection undo1rgrolli'ld ia 11ino No . 8, dovoloped ·~he fact that six W1derground ewploycs had in their possession °m:l.tahoo ru1d other inflammable Company rul0s being repoJ?ted to Suporim0m10u·:; F. x.. .. LloCe~y , the men appre- hond~d uoro lnid off ic!llodia.tely and iho matte~ reported to thie office. In di0eusaion of the ca.oo uith S·~ato l'ilne Iusp0otor Hugh rJcLeod on Satt!E'day filOrnin~, October 3lat, i·~ uae errunged tho.t the offenders, inelud~n3 a.loo tuo oc:m fE'Om lli.ne Uo. 2 t1ho uore chrucgctl t1ith the se.me infraction, ohould be brought to my office in Roolr Spi. .ings 0111 r:rronday r.iorning at ton o·'clook. Acoordingly, at ton o'clock of this doto, "iiha eigh:t man concerned t1el"e bro~ht in e.nd there were also prosent the RevG~0111d Ii'atho:r Auton Scbiffrer of the t!orth Si.de Catholic Church• Fede~ inspoctor Uilliam l.'iurray, Stato :r.iina Inspeetor Hugh :UoLeod, President Uarli,n Call.ill of the U.U.D. ff A., Di,stri:ct 22, !ll'ld Vico President George Young of tho So.@0 Distr-.tct o Safety E:ngineeu. . Jaok Smith uas also pree.ent. I made a. gGnefal statemouro of the oaae and the charges for this office, then requested Inspeotor :~uI'my to sta.t6 the facts in the npprohenaion of the offenders. Stnte fine !iwpector ·McLeod ~7ae then called U!)On for a. statement as to the existing oining la.o m1d tho attitude or the Stnte mi.nine department in the premioos. !:!r. r.:oLood 'o address to the meeting \'.las vory �forQai'ul and certainly left no room for doubt ac to tho attitu<lo of the- State mining dopartmonto President f:.11.:1.l"tin Co.hill then addross0d the moc.rHng. told tho rnon of tho mtplooiol'ls in Uyomiri:J l;l.Ild urged upon 'iihem tho necessity for saH-proteetio11. I-lo a.loo told them '~hat the t1,it0d lli.vrn \"Jorkox·s o: tho Sto.:!ie were them- l1cL0otl ~ml ri1y:::olf', ·Uw r,100ting \W.s broug_1t to o.u encl. Tho Reverend ·Anton Schiff.. re:r \:J"a.a a.G!cetl to explaia ·to h:l.o peoplo the uoicdls of ·i:,h0 oompo..ny :n.ales a~d the t:ould bo i' ollou0d by charges uhich voiucl hdYI[; ,e11O mm1 bafo,·o the Justiee -Court ncd fine::: vould bo applied. of th0 Rock Springe mi11es, 'iJhioh indicates th0 mon laid off. the tli?poa:Hion redo or the OC1.ses oi The a:"1.tt.er of ·(;ho posueo.oion of mm.ches and O'~her wf10.!Iwlablo materials undergroU!ild uill bo al.oooly i'ollor1od up 'by the men in clleE"5.o of tho ;properties and the p1•t.:ment ensa \".ill be l>w.lGtinecl by tho Safety Enginoor- :u1 alJ. of the six fields. CC: ab J. A. Smith. / / �0r,1rum - IJov0mb0z• 5 0 1925 o u,;, o Go B o i 8""d0 3 ~,ou~.o 3j;'U 0 r1ith dotu:'l.lo of in.voot:ic;o.t:lo:a oondu.c'i'.iod s>0 o.:r}d:lna; o~ o,.t o i1_ loy as no!'king n,tlos>gX>ou.ml :1: I..tln0 Uo o 8 ~ Roch: Spz,:lngs.? rJith □a.tch0G nu.l D·r10I~:lne:.; nl!:.lt0•;):lo.lo in th0ir posr;0s o:1m:1 g ho.vo 11iot 'fo:'!J;'""ou[:jl•ii om., uv.pc1'\Yiooz~y fer co up to pu&> on the question of cmi'e'i::y mo. ·ctoJ:.' □ yot ~ :h., s>ntl1O:r.· di0com"agi:i.1>g •;;:_n-i; i Lo U o So ~Jm:'OnU of t1ino0 118. ohould i'illltl uholosule dei""... 1 0<0't::.01i o in ono 0£ om.., 1;:dnoov ·t 1r1ic r.r..o.n !'1Utv.1?ally t'Jatehcd clocmly 1r t;__0 min01"'Gv \,ho pea"1mp □ x'eol that hlo rnl'tho:r>_ity is gl"Oator tlm _ 0122 mm m.::.vowioo~y i'OA"'CO o Xf o:'l.e:nt mon u0z.io found in LJo o 8 r1i t .u to'tfn:-1.cco i, I ±'col oafo :ln ocryl 1c tho. t .fif'ty io ono hun/l..,ot1 n :.""O UfJ].n~ GU.Ch in O'lli' oovc: 'GOOD. ill:!.llOS Vie O vrlll have to Z'Oliovo o or.10 of om.. illino uunn{SOl"D !) foz>oI;10n mld putl.. olmon if d0£loe-tio.:10 or 'Ghis sox,t ai.-.o o.11ouocl to continue. I \7:lGh you O..VJ.c.1 Lb:"' o G..u:lth \'mu.ld got bofol'>G Om' 012!)O:i:?"• v:1.socy foz-oo the foot tli..o:t tho :.. oaponsibi1ity for dioob0 ·iio•1co ox' lo..r1 and ruieo is jucrt a..o r.:ruo.:1 the of'x'enoe of th0 Zoa·c~ o.o 0£ tho :li'ldiVidualp althonc;h 'tho fol'>OE:lllll ri10Y not bo oubJGct to lec;ru. ponultyC! I \·; oul<l ou.12:eoot ·c11at o. ZAOt1 handbill bo put out m1u pooted 11 otrossine tho oltuntiot! (lov0lopcd in no. 0 und thm.-.o uf'te1.. ·chc lm1 'bo enf'orcocl :?..:lpnrt:lnlly aguinot all uli1:o O e pioa �""2 ... Origirol Signed EUGENE McAULIFFE �Omaha - May 7p 1926 Smith: I think you will agree with me that we have approached the hour when our entir e operating staff shouid definitely realize that I am in earnest in t he matter of safeguarding our mineso Perhaps we might say that they should be expect ed to go through a period of adjustment with what seemed to t hem to be new theories of mine managementp eto.p three years, however, in my opinion, representing sufficient t ime to accomplish thiso I am distinctly disappointed, hmvever, in t he factp that ai'ter three years persis tent exploitation on my part of t he necessity for venti l ation in working places and at all faces, it sti11 seems to be neoess• ary for Mr. McLeod to enter our mines te~ling us what we are not doing and uhat vre shou.1d do ~ as was the case in his report of April 21st on Superior B Mine, where he found dip panels being driven with brattice 6 to 12 inches belov, the roof and above t he floor, loose material like- wise st revm along the haulage ,·rays o Vie have suspended two mine foremen for failure to enforce rul"e s - and further deflections will undoubtedly result in dismissal; howeverp I think our -ventilation engineer will find it necessary to exert more agressiveness and I trust you wiil personally see that Mr. McClelland and every man you come in contact with, understands that the suspension period follovring three years of persuasionp will not be continued indefinitely; on the other hand, we propose to enforce the rules, making the mines as safe as possible if it is necessary to attain same through dismissal and replacement. I am sure Mr. Pryde f ully co CC. Mr. G. B. Pryde urs with me in this position. �Rock Springs - July 12th, 19260 forced, aru! you 110 doubt x·0cell the cnse of u rl!!l11l !tl11od &'ecenUy at Uiato11, \'lllen both -tabacco e.nd mat cl100 ue1t0 f ountl ou his p011·son e.x'tex- he died. Iil:i.i.'100 up,rn. a clon0tl li ght. and !)Oi'ralssibfo f>O,itt. OX' LJ GI O:i..G a.t'l.d h~J.V0 placed llin0 Ennninerfl i.n the winos airl look upon t hcoe 1Yrln0s ae b0:h1g potential s'Gituted, thio search to -tnl.0 pbco c.i M10 f!lliltX':i.p, and uhere t/(3 have no r..antrip the mn ehould be soarchocl. as ·Uwy eme:r the ming a :i:i:, prref oruble to have thG seurcll mc,.de by t'i.,O oHicialEJo Ghen men nre f cu:m.1 t'ii ·l;h snot:~ ing t.10.tedol they shoulcl be di t:1chaa·g0tl o Xf tm do not folloc; up thio matter closely in a short ~i:.iro u0 uill have all the man snoldng and, o.s I said before, do not beliov0 ·i:.ho ruat1i0r has been closely enough x'ollcmotl up by our !.'.line I?o:reman. f.n l1l.Ot in fovox- or oec.rching men inaids "tho ul.oo as very little cpn be uccomplishe<.l i.-1 thio manna!s" as thE:'~e aro nuo0rous pluces v1her0 men can hide sDOI:inrs m te::ial in the mine H they are so inclined. as I Uiah you and w. Smith nould (3iv0 this your poroonnl a'M.mr~ion \'JOUld 1:1.ka to 'bo ac:;suz,ed -~.mt \;0 are gottin~ tho x-ooults \70 ohould. cc-r!Ir. J. A. smith ( cb Orlglnl 81,ned: GEORGE B, PRYDE �I Rock Springs - March 28th, 1927. Mr. J. A. Smith: Am wondering if you have taken any further action on extending the use of goggles ted at the Reliance mine: ab mines, such as you institu- �Rocle Springs - June 22nd, 1927. ~Jr . J. A. Sr ith: I run tmnderine; if you have_ done anything regarding the sugge stion I made some ti::ne ago the:t carry canes. 11 our safety men i-.:. a lso Y1ond ring ,.-,hat y ou have done ,;,1i th regard to organizinB voluntee • fire d01)artment s- in our res- pective mi ne di str icts. You will ?robsi.bly re call I had this matter up \·1ith you sore time CC. jg. Mi· . .ri.. ·,v. Dickinson. �Roc k Springs - July 21st, 1927. Mr. J. A. Smith : I not i c e th ~t the combined st r etcher and s plint th at Dr. Fuhrer f i..xed up for us is lyini on th e flo or at the Carpenter Shop in Rock Spring s and ha s been the1· e for s ome time . I think th is ls a rather bad situation, as the Docto1· brought forth a proposal that 1:1e a ll thought s o good tba t we y; ent to the ext ent of mak i ng pl a ns , having i t v,ritten up very extens ively in our mac.>azine . Yet , regardle ss of that , no one has t ake n en ough intere s t i n it to see that it is finished and p ut in service . This , to me , repres ents a situation fo r which there is not mu ch excus e. If t his stretcher i s a good think , let us have it finished; if not, lot l s th.:...~ th r w i t in the scrap pile a nd for r; et about it, but cert a inly somehoul d be done bout ha.v in~ it finished 0.nd put in service, instead of havin 6 it lie aro und indefinitely in t he Carpenter Shop at f:lo ck Springs. In t eJ.kin 6 u ith !!ir . Gibson some time ac,o, he st ated that it was broug!-rl; in hei·e to be padde(l . Certainlr he sho uld hav e fol l owed up this job, seeing t h at it was co rnpleted . If t he job c m111ot be completed her0 , the stretcher s houl d be t a ken bac1: to lleliance , f inis hed and put in se Z"v:i.ce. If it i s a cood thing , bein~ uo rkci.ble 2.nd p ~c tical, mo 1~e s hould be put :''- n service. I hope you -.,ill i mmediately ter. CC: A. ii. Dic!dnson . J!Ir . 1~. i:J. He dill. ]'fr. to take so me action in t his J110.t - �Rock Sl):rings - Augu st 22nd , 1~27 . . J . :.\ , o.b cit,l : �lJr. A. r!. Dic!d.nsoil:/ ' '' tlr. J. A. Smith : V lfoi.7 -~hat the period oi uu catio11 is o~ , a great muuy boys u:r-e fr0quentir1g our shops and o·~hei- millla buildis1g;00 1'. f eu duys ago I found a 11umbcr oi boy::, ridi11g i he railT0t1tl c cre :Ghat t !e r-0 being dropped fro:1 the tipple .a t \'Ti nton. ollonctl 'GO 0 u·her upon our px-c-inises \7here ".70:rk is e;oin6 OE, this paJ;"ticu.1-..;rly t :cue ui t h regaz-d to our st.ubl e s, t i pples, machir.1.0 shop, roilroad I noticed, olso, a feu days ago, our ruin0 stock running arourul of the children boing ldcke:d, a.ud ther e is alao dauge:.- of this live stock straying off into the countryo I understand tbia happened ~om0 "iiime ago at \'iinton, and ue ueire a•. som0 expense ·~o recover tho trro head 01 eh stock that strayed �Omaha - November 22, 1928 Mr. J. A. Smith : Regarding the failure of certain Unions to join in the quarterly mine inspection, the locals at Hanna, Cumberland and 11 0 11 Mine Superior failing; to join shovm by your letters of Augu.st 9th and.November 19th. I ha.ve reports with letter from you dated JanuarJ ?th, August 9th and November 19th , indicating that a quarterly inspection TTas skipped in the first half of the year. Please adv ise me regarding this and give me at an early date a list of the mines sho'i?n separately by the several inspections tha t failed to join in the inspection during the year 1928. �Rock S rinc _, - iov ember 4th , 1929 • 1 . A. ! n otice t 1ut ... _, l.'i rie n an P.cc i de:1 t re1Jort. fror~ Sup e rior u'G E: i de r,,an iGll on the ice , r:hen cfi.rryit [ por1r_ er , ,Yp G i11tE1 1ccr ts t 10 r.. nt t i:;;• oi· . ,n i 1:.:; .l st id.ent �__I Co1Dpany Union TO TENANTS OF THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMP ANY BUILDINGS: My attention has been called to the fact that casing-head gasoline (natural gas liquified by condensation) is being used by some of our employes occupying Company houses. As this gasoline vaporizes at a low temperature, it is readily subject to ignition and explosion if exposed to fire or flame (including lighted smoking material) or heat generated by friction, electric sparking, etc. All employes are warned against storing this commodity in or about buildings, tenements, garages, or outhouses, which are the property of this Company. The violation of this rule, if detected, will result in the cancellation of the rental agreement covering the property involved. GEORGE B. PRYDE, Vice-President and General Manager. Rock Springs-March 9, 1931. �ADDRrss Ml. COWMIJNlt.a.TIOHS TO THE DIRECTOR, U.S. BUREAU OF MINES "' \ WASHINGTON. D. C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF MINES January 10, 1933. WASHINGTON Mr . V. O. ~.1urray , Safety Engr ., The Union Pacif ic Coal Coo, Roel< Springs , \iyoming. Dear Mr. Murray : I n accordance nith yours of Dec ember 31, I a'll transmitting some i nformation concerning permissible e:;qilosi ve s ._ If the data uhich you re ceive Mc,. not of t he t ype-uldch Yo ues1.re , you will please call my at t ention to the fact and I will try t hen t o send you something el se . I am gl ad to note bo th fr or:1 y our let ter and from one recently received from t1r. Pryde that your or6 anizat ion has had a successfll;l year in safety . This is a s it should be and I hope that 1933 will be even more successful than v,as i t s predece s sor o .all of us Y,ere ext remely sorry t o learn of the death of Schoning • .8..S to uhat occurred-;-it appears that he left Seattle to do som.e field nark and on the night of December 22 was at Centralia, ilas hi ngton, having s pent t he day i n doi ng some first-aid training. He apparentl y nas e A'})ec ting to continue training work on the 23rd, but in the middle of the night bec ame ill and dressed and went down to the hotel lobby and asked that a doctor be secured. after the doctor arrived and gave him some rr~dicine, he ~ent back to his room and apparently sat up in bed; and several hours later was found in that position, dead. As far as we can learn he -rras suffering from acute indigestion, although that diagnosis may not be a correct one. Yours truly, ~~ D. HARRINGTON, Chief Engineer, Safety Division. ~-r;::: ~ -L r k ~ ~ ~ he l ~ -~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~' ~ ~ ~--;-~ ~ ,1 -+7~ �Ro ck Sprin gs - March 7th, Mr 0 1933 0 v. o. 1'.1urray :·- 'hlr • T . H. Butler: ilir. 1,.1. ':I . !dedill: Am afraid our s af ety progr9.lll is not g oing over, espec ially i n oc k Springs ar.d 1 liance o 7ould sur;se st th at y ou redo uble your efiorts at these dist ricts, i mpr essing al l foremen \'1it h the import13rl ce of holding a cci dents t o a 1i1inimum. ,\m won dering if sloi::1 ·;:or king time is not inducing men to lay 0 1 f with slight injuries wh e1~e if the mines \"!ere ,1orkin g bet. ter they -, ould r eport to i.-101~ko \"le Ho11ever , are not g etting our safety pro g,r am over at these districtso � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/02d03b40b11ffa5e4e7fceb3d1396cc8.pdf 307e39a0ad96d30716efc028e6b1ca5b PDF Text Text �I a . -,~~ ~ ~ ;,, .' <) ,~ ~ ,... "' "' 0 " ,. ' "' " n i .. ~ "' �I ~-... , . ... 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'-" " -- - - ...._ ,,, r u .; r ' �t, - • •, 'I l . -~ ......~.:•=-----"' . .., ... _(._' " • ·:::1 \ _.,_ _ _.,_ ., .,. _~".', .. t'1 · - - ~ : ..I (: �., ....... ._.e:. -~; .....,. ·--· •. u: -~ . . ·~ ......... ,. \ .. . ,._ •-!'--...) _!. _ ..... .... , .... f "1 ......, ;[ �,., (..\... ,'I ,._., , .. J \ ,: " ~ ., i J -1-;-~,-.l- .. �t ��.... �,t, ,.,.~ .. ... ....!.... . ... . ....... _,.. ~ .... � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/35105ab4abb32c88a813af3e1c81cd39.pdf 622349b3151c75bd5146b4faea772f45 PDF Text Text UNITED STATES EPARTMEN:f OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH HEALTH AND SAFETY STATION September 9, 1938. Mr. ~. R. Knill, Safety Engineer Union Pacific Coal Cmnpa.ny, Rock Springs, Wyoming. Dear Mr. Knill: Enclosed you ui.11 find first aid problems and ~orking outlines that were used in some of the first aid contests the past tuo weeks in this district. i7hen we met in Denver on August 26 you asked me to send you some problems and outlines, so it has been a pleasure to comp~ with your request. With best wishes and kind personal regards, I remain Very truly yours, -yrYY,'7~ 'IT. YT. Kessler Principal Safety Instructor. �PROBLY.M NO. l Thrae (3) minutes will be allowed for r •:'l adinr. problem and assembling material. A workman falls f rom a scaffold and is found with the following inj1.1rics: Simple fractur e of right foot; compound fracture of the l a ft hand , with bones protr1.1 ding one (1) inch on palm of hand; a rupture which is indicated by a lump in the left groin; a c1.1t one (1) inch lone_: on the _point of the ri ght elbow; scalds of the right foot, l eg , a nd thigh. The patient is 1.1nconscious and suffering from shock throughout the probl em . ~reat, carry patient 50 feet on stretcher, return to original position and unload patient from stretcher. V.'orhng time t en (10) minutes. �Ill 'i OUTLINE FOR_WORICTNG PROBLEM NO. 1 1. Compound fractur e of l eft hand. (See pages 109 and 111 and figure 48.) (a) Prepare and appl y\ tourniquet. loosely at pressure point on elbow or arm. ( h ) Str1,.i .-J~t en and support hand by taking hold of it on both sides of fractur e . (c) Apply bandage compre ss to wound but do not ti e knot over wound. (d) Apply cravat bandage over compre ss. ( e ) Splint, to reach from middle of forearm to one (1) inch beyond finger tips. Pad well and place under palm and wrist. (f) Bandage, one tri angular: Apply over splint and hand. (g) Sling, cravat bandage. (Sec page 43 and fi gure lOB,) 2. Simple fracture and scalds of right f oot. (Sec pages 123-124 and fi gur e 55.) (a) Cover burns with picric ac i d gauze . (b) Apply triangular bandage over gauze . (See fi gure 40.) (c) Splints: One spl i nt 3-1/2 to 4 inches wi de, long enough to r each from 1/2 inch beyond t he heel to 1/2 i nch beyond the toe . Pad we ll. (d) Bandage: Apply open tri angular bandage over splint and foot. 3. Cut one (1) inch long on point of ri ght elbow. (See page 67 and fi gure 26.) (a) Place bandage compress over wound and ti e . (b) Place cravat bandage of desired wi dth over compress and tie. 4. Scalds of right foot, l e::g, and thi gh. (See pae·e s 124-125-133.a.135 and f igure 62.) (a) Apply picric acid gauze to burns. (b) Apply open triangular bandar,e ov er gauze on foot (before splint is a,pli ed). (c) Apply extra wide cravat bandages over gauze on leg and thigh. 5. Rupture in l e ft groin. (S ee pages 135-137.) ( a) Raise knees toward the abdomen and support with pillow, folded blankets, or folded clothing . (b) Place cloths, wet in cold water, over the rupture, left side. (c) Do not bandage. 6. Shock. Pati ant unconscious during whole problem. (-'3ee pages 23-24.) (a) Place pati ent in comfortable nosition, with head low~ (b) Remove foreign bodi es from mouth. ( c) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (d) Pour aromatic ammonia on a cloth and place under nose. (o ) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (f) Rub extremities toward body under covers. TE.AMS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �r PROBLEM NO. I. Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem az,.d assembline material. A fireman falls from a ladder and is found in the following condition: He is lying straight; is able to move his head, shoulders, arms and hands, but is paralyzed from the waistline down. He has a cut two (2) inches long, moderate bleeding, on the inside of the right forearm, five (5) inches below the bend of the elbow; a cut two (2) inches long on the back of right hand, moderate bleeding; and a cut two (2) inches long, severe bleeding dark red blood, starting three (3) inches above the right ear and extending toward the top of the head. The patient is conscious throughout the problem, but his breathing is shallow and feeble; his pulse rapid and weak. cold sweat and answers questions slowly. -vised stretcher twenty-five (25) feet. and unload from stretcher. Working time, ten (10) minutes. He is covered with Treat and carry on improReturn to 0riginal position �( OUTLINE FOR WORKINJ PROBW1 NO. I 1. Cut two (2) inches long three (3) inches above right ear. (See page 56 and Fi~ure 17.) (a) Apply bandage compress over wound and tie. (b) Apply wide cravat bandage over compress and tie. 2. Cut two (2) inches long on inside of right forearm. and Figure 26-C.) (a) Apply bandage compress over wound and tie. (b) Apply cravat bandage over compress and tie. 3. Cut on back of right hand. (See Pages 70-71 and Figure 28.) (a) Apply compress bandage over wound and tie. (b) Apply open triangular bandage over compress and tie. (c) Apply triangular bandage sling. (See Page 43 and Fig. 1O-A.) 4. Fracture of spine (broken back). (See Pages 113-116 and Fig. 50.) (a) Use broken back splints. Pad well. (b) Bandages: (13 cravats.) 1. Around splints and body just below armpits. 2. Around splints and body at lower part of chest. 3. Around splints and body at hips. 4 & 5. Around splints and diagonally around shoulders. 6 & 7. Around splints and diagonally around hi°ps at crotch. 8 & 9. Around splints and upper thighs. 10 & 11. Around splints and legs just below knJes. 12 & 13. Around splints and legs at ankles. (c) Knots to be tied on outside n0ar splints. 5. Shock: Patient conscious. (See Pages 23-24.) (a) Place patient in comfortublo position with p.ea~. h~. (Severe bleeding on h:::ad.) (b) Remove foreign bodies from mouth. {c) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. {d) Give patient aromatic spirits of ammonia (1 teaspoonful in a half glass of water), hot coffee, hot tea, or hot water. (e) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (f)° Rub extremities toward body under covering. 6. Transportation with improvised stretcher. (See Pages 164-183 and Figures 84-95.) (a) Prepare stretcher from blanlcets, jumpers, etc. {b) Test stretcher. (c) Load ·patient on stretcher. (d) Carry patient on stretchor and return to original position. (e) Unload patient. (See Page 69 TEAMS SHOUI.D NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMEN'l~A.L TO 'IHE PATIENT. �PROBI.EM NO. !: Three (3) minu tos ,,ill be allmrnd for reading problem and asse~bling material. A refinery TTorker is injured by an explosion, falls from a platform, and is in;iured as follov1s: For.:ard dislocation of right hip; a simple fracture of the left elboTT; and burns on head, face and neck. He also ha s a cut t Y:o (? ) inc hes lonr;, severe bleed- inf7,, dark red blood, on the insicl.e of t.::a left forearm five (5) inches below bend of elbon. the probler.:. The patient is unconscious throughout Trflat and cnrry on stretcher tvrenty-five ( 25) feet, return to original position, and unload from stretcher. Working ti~e, ten (10) minutes. �PROBLEM NO. 1 OUTLINE FOR 1'lORR'IlW Rli/c81lG ! Hih k-8 18 s • a:: 1. Cut tTTo (2) inches lon&". on inside of left forearm. (See Page 69 and Figure 26C.) (a) Apply compress bando ~e ovo:r. ~'! ound and tie. (b) Apply cravat bnnda,n:0 tJP ' l' cor.rpr0ss and tie. (c) Sling will be app J.i,d ' i t:1. -: ,ho • dressin~ given belou. 2. Burns of heaa, foce, and neck. (S ne Pa~os 124-126 and Figure 56.) (a) Apply picric acid gauze to burns, plncing gauze behind ears. (b) Apply t~o open trianr,ular bnndoges to hond and faco, cutting hole for nose in face bandaeo. ( c) Apply cravet bandage around ncclc and tie. 3. Simple fracture of left olbo-;1. (S0e Pa.P,es 94-96 and Fi~uro 43A.) (a) Support limb by takinr, hold of it on both sides of fracture. (b} Splints: 2 splints of unequal length, four (4) inches ~ide, nailed or tied to~ethor to fol'I!.l an L. Pad TTell. 1. To reach from a!Tlpit to elboTT ~ 2. To reach from olbo~ to tip of little finr,or. (c) Bandages: (3 cro.vats·.) 1. Around upper ond of splint an d orm. 2. Around arm and splint abov e elbon , cross in front of bend of elbo~, carry around splint and foroorm, then tie. 3. Around v1rist and hand, tying on back of hand. (d} Ap,ly cravat bandage sling. (See Page 43 and Figure 10.) 4. ForTTard dislocation of right hip. (See Pages 99-100 and Figure 44.) (a) Splints: Place patient on board seven (7} feet long, tPolve (12) inches ~ido, or broken back splint. (b) Support limb in line of deformity (foot and thigh turned out) with large :pad made of clothos, blenkcts, etc. (c) Place a sr.iall pad between tho f 0ct. (d) Bandages: (5 cravats.} 1. Around board and upp0r part of 0host. 2. Around boord oncl body nt hi~s. 3 . .Around board end thighs, just above knc r;s. 4. Around board ann ankles. loosely. 5. Around instep of right foot and sole o~ left foot, tying/ (e) Knots (excepting b8ndoga on feot) to be ti ed on outside near edge of board or splint. 5. Shock: Patient unconscious. (See Pages 23-24.) (a) Place patient in comfortable position TTith head low. (b) Romov0 foreign substances from mouth. (c) Wrap patient in blankets, clothing, etc. (d) Pour aromatic ammonia on a cloth and let patient inhale fumes. ( e) Place Tirapped hot rrator bot tlcs, hot bricks, etc. , around patient under covers. (f) Rub extremities toTTard body under covers. 6. Transportation with stretcher. (Soo Pages 164-182 and Figuroa 87-95.) (n) Tost stretcher. (b) Load patient on stretcher. (c) Carry patient on stretcher and return to original position. (d) Unload patient. 'I'Jlli$ S ID1JLD NOT BZ PENALIZSD FOR TIOilTG MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO TFE PATIBNT. �PROB LEM NO. /$ Three (3) minutes will be allowed for ro~ding problem and assembling material. A timberman is hit by a h:mlage locomotive and is injured as follows! Compound fracture of right thigh, on inside and four (4) inches above lmee; a dislocation of left shoulder; and a simple fracture of the lower jaw. There is also a wound in the palm of the right hand with bright red bleeding. The patient is unconscious and suffers from shock throughou.t problem. Prepare for transportation but do not load on stretcher. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WOHKING PR0BLEM NO. 2 1. rJound palm right hand with arterial bleeding. (See pages 46-54, 69-70, and fi gure 27) (a) Digital pressur0 over \7l'ist. (b) Tourniquet ev er urist. (c) Bandage compress and cravat bandage around hand. 2. COI!l.pound fracture right thigh. (See page 101-118~120 and figure 52) (a) Tourniquet loosely over pressure point on thi eJ1. (b) Straighten and support leg. (c) Bundage comprass and t·iide cravat bandage over wound. (See page 79 rand fi[l'.lll'e 36) (o.) Splints - ti:;o of unequal leng·th, pad tJell faming arch over ,-;ound. {e) Bandages - 7 cravats, knots to be tied on outez· splint. 3. Di8location of loft shoulder. (See pages 93-£4 and figure. 42) (o.; Large pad under left arill frOill UD!l.pit to elboi'J. (b) Cravat bandage around am and pad, cross and t.i.e on pad on opposite side ~f body. (c) Arm in triangular slin,_g. 4. Simple fracture of lo~er jau. (See page 105 and fi 6,ure 41) (a) Band~ges - 2 cravats. (b} No ,1edge between teeth. 5. Shock: Patient unconscious during t7hole problen. (See pae;es 23-24) (a) Place patient in comfortable position with head low. (b) Remove foreign substances from. mouth. (c} Cover and apply hot applications and rub extremities. (d) Give stimulant by inhalation. TEA!l! SHOUID NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DO ING OCOP.E THAI;J" OUTLINED ABOVE UiifillSS I'.i' IS DETRil'JJTh"'TAL TO T".dE PATlil"!T. �,.___,, PROBLll,·! NO. 2 Three {3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling material. An oil field v.:·~·ke:c falls from a derrtc l<: and is found in the following condition: He has a simple fracture of the right foreann and a fractured pelvis. Dark red blood is issuing from the back of the left leg six (6) inches above the ankle; a diagonal cut one (1) inch long across the left eyebrow; and eyelid. The patient's breathing is shallow and feeble; he is covered with cold sweat; his pulse is rapid and weak; and he answers questions slowly. prepare for trans port at ion, 2~ ·· · • --;::::.::) load on .stretcher. ~orking time ten (10) minutes. Treat and �OUTLINE 'FO ''ll'...,nHG P::10B:::.,~r NO. 2 1. Cut on back of left leg. 2. Cut one (1) inch long on left eyebrow and eyelid. (a) Place bandage compress over wound. and tie away from eye. (b) Place cravat band age over compress as for t7ound of eye, and tie. 3, Fractured pelvis. (See Pages 116-118 and F:l.gu:re· 51.) (a) Apply wide cravat bi;mda~e (about 6 inch) around hips and tie tightly. (b) Splints: Use broken back splint or board seven (7) ft. long and twelve (12). inches wide. Pad well. Padding must also be applied between legs if boa rd is used. (c) Banda~es: Nine (9} if broken back splint; six, (6) if board is used. 1. Around s~lint and upper part of body just below armpits. 2. Around s~lint and body at lower part of chest. 3. Around splint and hips over wide bandage. 4 &. 5. Around splint and thighs. 6 &, 7. Around splint and legs just below knees. 8 &. 9. Around splints and legs just above ankles. (d) Knots to be tied on outer side alone s:;,:: lir.ts. (Bandages 5, 7, and 9 not used. rri th board.) 4. Simple fracture of right foreaITl. (See Pages 108-109 and Figure 47.) (a) Straighten and support limb by taking hold of it on both sides of fracture until splint is upplied. (b) Splint: One (1) long enough to reach from point of elbow to tip of little finger. Pad well, and place on inside of forearm. {c) Bandages: (2 cravats.) 1. Around splint and forearm, just below elbow. 2. Around ·splint, wrist and hand. {d) Sling: Cravat bandage. {See Page 43 and Figure lOB.) 5. Shock: Patient conscious. (See Pages 23-25.) (a) Place patient in comfortable position with head low. (b) Remove foreign substances from couth. ( c) Wrap patient in blankets,· clothino;, etc. (d) Give patient aromatic ammonia (1 teaspoonful in a half glass of water,) hot tea or hot coffee. (e) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. {f) Rub extremities toward body under covers. (See Peges 82-83 and Figure 38.) (a) Place bandage compress over wound l.llld tie. (b) Place wide cravat bandage over compress and tie. TEA1!S SHOULD NOT BE P:ENALIZED FOR DOING PORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �Threo {3) minutes will b9 e:i..:.ov1ed f'ar- reading problsr! and .:1 ss or.1ohnr. iceterial. A workman who is crushed b e tween cars is found in an unconscious condition, his face is cov0rod with cold sweat; his eyelids dxoop Pnd his pulse is rapid and weak; the middle of his le ft 13 g is swollen and a grating sensation con be felt; blood is spurting from a wound three (3) inches long across the insid8, center of his left forearm; his right should er is rigid and swollen and the crm stends off nbout two {2) inches f~om the body; thore is a strain of the muscles of the calf of his right leg~. Ccrry 50 feet one stretcher, return to base and unlo ad patient from stretcher. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WORKING PR03LR! NO. 1 1• .Arterial Bleeding. (o) Apply finger pressure to pressure point on inside of arm or elbow~ • (b) Apply, tighten r.nd secure tourniquet on arm pressuro point. 2. Shock. {a) Shock treatment should be given throughout the problem by lowering hca1d, covering , rubbing, loosening clothing, applying he9t and clcrnnsing mouth. (b) Stimulant should not be given until the tourniquet is tightened and secured and then only by inhaletion m0thod as patient is unconscious. (Shock treatment on Pag0 23). (c) Tost all hot ~pplicetions and stimulant before application to pAtient. 3. Wound. (A) Compress over ·,r.round on loft fo:r eerrn must be a large one and may be applied before tne tourniquet is applied. (b) Crav~t oandege covering ovc~ compress on foreann end triangulm- sling (Pege 69) may be 5pplied at any time before lifting onto stretcher. 4. Fracture. (e) Simple frActure of 10ft log must be supported from beginning of problan. (b) Dressing for simple fr 8ctu::-o of left leg. (Pages 121-122). 5. Dislocation. (e) Dressing for disloc9t:i.on of ri;Sht shoulder (Page 93). 5. Strain. (a) The strgin should ".:le -~~-:<:1 toc.i m: .soo:-i P..-'3 a men is available to do so. (Pe80 ~:i.), Rub 77i th akc~'1·'.'l end ~f.lter or Vii th witch-hazel. 7. Stretcher on.a. Tre·nsportr-1tion. (a.) The stretcher m~y be · prepRred and tested while the patient is being treated. (b) Lift pstient :from the .right side. ( c) Load patient on stretcher. (d) Tronsport patient on stretcher 50 feet nnd return to base. (e) Unload patient from stretcher. TEJ!MS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED .ABOVE UNL]SS IT IS DETBIMENT .AL TO THE PATHNT . �PROBLEM NO. 2 Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling material. A fireman who has been removed from under a fall of brick has the following injuries: wound two (2) inches long on left knee; wound on palm of right hand with arterial bleeding. simple fracture of the left forearm. He has a He also has a compound fracture of the right thigh with the bona protruding one-half (1/2) inch on inner side of thigh five (5) inches above '-:nee. The patient is conscious but is suffering from shock. prepare for transportation. Treat and Load on improvised stretcher but do not carry. Working time ten (10) minutes. �OUTLINE FOR WORICT~Q-_ . PROBLEM NO. 2 1. Arterial bleeding on palm of right hand. (a) Apply digital pressure at wrist 1 elbow or arm. (b) Apply tourniquet at wrist. (c) Apply compress and cravat bandages as shown on page 69, figure 27. (d) Place foreann in triangular bandage sling, page 44, fig. 10. 2. Compound fracture of right thir,h. (a) Support fracture. (b) Cover wound or !Jl'Otrudinp; bone with compress and wide cravat bandage as on page 79, 80 and figure 36. (No knots should be tied over wound) (c) Apply tourniQuet loosely at thigh pressure point. (d) Apply two well padded splints and seven cravat bandages as on pages 118, 119 and figure 52. (Padding on inner side of thigh should form an arch over protruding bone) 3. 1'lound on le ft lmee. (a) Apply com.press and cravat bandages as shown on page 81 and figure 37. 4. Simple fracture of left forearm. (a) Support fracture. (b) Apply splint well padded and two cravat bandages as shown on pages 108 and 109; and figure 47. (c) Place arm in cravat sling. 5. Shock. (a)Cleanse mouth. (b) Loosen clothing around neck and waist. (c) Cover patient. (d) Use heat applications. (e) Give stimulants by mouth or by inhalation. (f) Rub extremities. 6. Prepare for transportation. (a) Stretcher made from blankets and pipes. (b) Test stretcher. (c) Load patient on stretcher. TEAMS SHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE 1JNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �- D PROBLEM NO. 3 Three (3 ) minut es v1i ll be a llowe d for r a£1d ine: problem a nd a ss embling mnt eris l. A mine r has been ove r come by powde r smoke c:. nd removed to fre sh a i r; he is a ppar ently not breathi ng and has no i ndic ntion of a pulse. He has a deep diagonc l cut, t wo (2 ) inche s long , on the out e r side of the l eft forearm, six (6 ) i nches be low the point of tho elbow, and a simple fra cture of the right si de of lower j aw . Dark red bl ood is ulso i ssuing from the front of the ri ght thi gh, five (5) inches above the knee . Rev i ve the pnti ent by five (5) men giving artifici a l r e s pirntion for one (1) minut e ea ch , c hange of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. Pa ti ent r egains consciousness at end of nrtifici al r espira tion, but s uffers f rom shock throughout problem . Treat nnd preparu for transportation •t:7:,_z strotcher. Working time t en (10) minutes. ~ load on �OU"'LHE FOR HOPJCING PROBLEM .2_'-lp_. __;3_ 1. Rc susci t -'.l tion: P~ti e nt unconscious, not bre athing due to c a rbon (S ae pago s 32-33-35-36 a nd monoxide q;ns. Sch2~f e r me thod. fi gur e 6 .) (e. ) Turn pntif..nt on f a ce , supportin~ a nd prot 0cting othe r injuri e s. (b) fa:Jmove forE: i[,n substanc e s from mouth. ( c) Pull tongu e forward rmd lrne p in this position. ( d) Turn h ea.d to one s ido , r ,·:sting it on JJ r:iti e nt' s ri ght for 0arm. ( e ) Extend otha r ~r m fo r w:1rd. (f) St nrt artifici 2 l r e spir'ltion (15 time s p0r minute}. (g) Loosen ti ght clothin g a.rou.'ld n e ck 'l nd wa istline . (h) Five (5) m~m t o give a rtifici a l res p irn ti on one (1 ) mi !mt e oa ch. Ch '1ng::i of opc r 3. tors to b e mn de without brecking rhythm. 2. Cut 0:1 fro n t cf ri ght thi gh, fiv e (5) inche s n'o ove lme e . png os 79-80 'lnd fi f urc 36.) ( a ) Pla ce b ~nd':.ge comp r e ss ove r wound e nd ti !:l . {b) Pla ce wid e crc v nt b3ndcge ovGr compre ss a nd ti , . 3. Cut t v:o (2 ) inche s l onr- on outside cf left for onrm, six (6) inches be low point o f olbcm . (S e:;o p!:! ge 69 G!ld fig1.1r0 26C.) ( c:. ) A:r:iply a compr o ss bsnd ri.ge ovo r wou!ld crnd ti e . {b) Apply crGv :::i t b '1nd <1ge over compr e ss c:.'ld ti &. (c) Pl~ce i njur o d nrm in trio.ngul nr b ~ndn~a sling. 4. '3imn l e fr '1cturo o f ri 1:;ht side of l ovrc, r j i,w1 . fi g~ro 41.) {::;. ) R::i.r1d':l.g8 s: ':i'wo (2) cr nv !J.ts. 1. Cont 0r c,f crnv -: t b ?.nd'.'l f o en fro nt c f chi )1, r::ss nr ound ne ck r.nd ti s: . 2. Cc!lt c r c:f crc.v<:1 t b ·rndr,,g3 on b c tt r:m c f chin, pr\ss to top o f h0ed a nd ti 0 . {b) Ti o .:::!1.ds cf b nndnge s t0g0thcr 0n bnck cf ho1J.d. ( C) N0 wedge t c b e '!')l2 ced between t i:;c th o. t nny time. 5. Sho ck. 23-24,) ( a) ( b) (c) (d) P nti cnt conscious ~ftcr nrtifici~l r e spiration. (-S ee (Seo p9ges Pl:1 ce pfltiont i::1. comfcrtnblo pcsi tion v:i th hco.d low.. Remove fc,r 0 ign subst ':1.nces frcm mouth, Vir -:p in blnnkots, clothing, Gtc. Let pa tient inhc.le ar0m:1tic OITh"T,cni r: fu.mos until end of nrtifici'.J.l respiration. Tb.on gi v o nrcm~·tic f.1ITi!Tlonia ( 1 teaspconful i!l a h".tlf ghtss c:f vn~tor), hnt tea, c-r hot c0ffee. ( 8) Pl<J.co wro.p-p,,d hot w.<J.ter br-ttles, hct bricks, etc., ':I.round p.n.tiont U'!l.dcr ccvers. ( f) Rub extromiti ::: s tcw,:ird body under ccve rs. TEP.MS SHCULD NC'::' BE '·EI}ALIZED FOR DCING MORE T~IJ\.N CUTLINED ABOVE UNL"."~SS IT IS DE"..'RI~1Eii'I'AL 'It' THE PA~IEl\lT. �PROBLEM NO. 3 Three (3) minutes Vlill be o.llowed for reading problem and assembling material. A fireman has been overcome by carbon monoxide gas while fighting a fire. H~ has been rescued and removed to fresh air. Revive the patient by five (5) different men performing artificial respiration (by Schaefer or Prone Pressure method) for one (1) minute each, change of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. Patient regains consciousness at end of artificial respiration. Patient should be turned over on back after completion of artificial respiration. Patient suffers from shock throughout problem. and prepare for transportation l Working time seven (7) minutes. on stretcher. Treat �OUTLINE FOR WOlliGNG PROBLEM NO. 3 1. RESUSCITATION: Patient unconscious, not breathing due to carbon monoxide gas. Schaefer or Prone Pressure method. (See Pages 3238 and Figure 6.) (a) Turn patient over on abdomen. (b) Remove foreign substan.ces from mouth. (c) Turn head to one side, resting it on forearm. (d) Extend other arm forward. (e) Loosen tight clothing around · neck and waistline, (f) Start artificial respiration, 15 times per minute. (g) Wrap in blankets 1 clothing, etc, (h) Place wrapped hot water bottles 1 hot bricks, etc. 1 around patient under cover or covers preferably, (i) Five (5) different men to give artificial respiration one (1) minute each. Change of operators to be made without breaking rhythm. (j} Patient should be turned over on back after artificial rosp_iration. (Team judge or judges are re~uired to use special form attached to discount sheet for timing each team member during artificial respiration}. 2. SHOCK: (a) Patient unconscious at start of problem. (b) Patient conscious after artificial respiration. (c) Remove foreign substances from mouth. (d} Loosen tight clothing around neck and waistline. (e} Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (f) Let patient inhale aromatic arum.onia fumes until end of artificial respiration. Then give aromatic ammonia (one (1) teaspoonful in one half glass of water}, hot tea, or hot coffee. Team member should test aromatic ammonia fumes before giving it to patient while he is unconscious. (g) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (Team judge or judges to see that team member test heat applications before applying . them to patient}. (h} Rub extremities toward heart under cover. TE.AMS BHOULD NOT BE PENALIZED FOR DOING MORE THAN OUTLINED ABOVE UNLESS IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �1:i:11:u'oo (3) om ·too ,Jill be QUor.,o f:,r zicnti:1.~.::; :;· obl"~ emit aooc--_--:1~ li!.n:. c e1t0.;,: 'i o 0 08 been .C:JCUO ·1 0 r �01JI'IINE FOR WORKING PROBLEM NO. 3 1. RESUSCITATION: Patient uncons cious , not brrethin~ due to carbon monoxide gas. SchAef or er :)rone Pressur e method. (Sse Pages 32-38 and Figure 6.) (a) Turn patient ovGr on abdomen. (b) Remove foreign substances from mouth. (c) Tum head to one side, restin g it on forearm. (d) Extend other arm forward. (e) Loosen tight clothing around neck and waistline. (f) Start artificial respiration, 15 times per minute. {g) Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. (h) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under cover or covers preferably. {i) Five (5} different men to give artificial respiration one (l} minute each. Change of operators to be made without breaking rhy~bm. (j) Patient should bo turned. ovor on back after artificial respiration: (Toam judge or judges are rc~uired to use special form at• tached to discount sheet for timing each team mamber during artificial respiration). 2. SH?~:Patient unconscious at start of problan. (b) Patient conscious aftGr artificial respiration. (c) Remove f'oroii:i:n substan~0s frore mouth. (d) Loosen tight clothin~ around neck and waistline. (o) Wrap in blankets, cl;t~ing, otc. (f) Let patient inhale arc.,mat:.c ammonia fumas uri.til end of artificial respiration. Th.:--'!l [:,iVo arc,matic a,nmonia (one (1) teaspoonful in one half glass o~ w~tsr), hot tea, or hot coffee. Team member sr.ould. test arom3tic ammonia fumes before giving it to ~atisnt while he is unconscious. (g) Place wrapped hot water bottles, hot bricks, etc., around patient under covers. (Tea.'11 jud.go or judges to see . that -: -t team member test heat epplications before applying them to patient). {h) Rub extremities toward heart undor cover. TEAMS SHOULD NOT BE PEtJALIZED FOR DOING MO!fE THAN OUTLINED .ABOVE UNLE3S IT IS DETRIMENTAL TO THE PATIENT. �TIE PROBLEM Three (3) minutes will be allowed for reading problem and assembling materialo A fireman falls from a ladder and is found in the follouing condition: He is lying straight; is able to move his head, shoulders, arms, and hands, but is paralyzed from the waistline domio He hae a cut tqo (2) inches long, on the inside of the left forearm, five (5) inches belo'« the bend of the elbow; a cut t v10 (2) inches long on the back of the left hand, moderate bleeding; and a cut two (2) inches long, severe bleeding dark re.d blood, starting three (3) inches above the right ear and extending toward the top of the heado There is also a large wound on the left elbow running parallel with the member and extending t wo (2) inches above and two (2) inches below the point of the elbowo The patient is conscious throughout the problem, but his · breathing is shallow and feeble; his pulse rapid and weako covered with cold sweat and answers questions slowlyo on improvised stretcher tuenty-five (25) feet. position and unload from stretchero He is Treat and carry Return to original �Ql£~TI OJ~f FO:\ lU.rJ.'::!:1~.1,'":i:0N ! ·N Fii lO' lJ.D J.9 F N.IU11 - - - ... . - - -- - ·- ... -- . -- - . _ -· - ..- _ - - -· - - - - - - - -- - .... - - - l. How do you diqtinguish b0twa~r. ar·telial ar.d veinous bleeJing? 2. Point out v:i:t.h your fingers all points of. pressuro on t he art0rial system· that is '..lS t' d by c. first aid n an i'o,- controlling arlerie.l bleeding, 3, Count the 1.u,'1ber of prc.:s~urc p oints on 0ach sid0 of the body. 4. Apply -tou1·niquets ·~o eight (8) of t hese presoure points. 5. How long would ycu lenve r. t ourniq uet tight? of this period? 6. Name the three :n~thods of controlling blocdi1:g, . ' .,._ \'/hut would you do at tho er.d 7. IIow would you treat an open wound? 8. Name ~hree (3) diffcrer.t type s of \7ou rids? 9. Aft.er trel:l.ting a man ior o. slight wound, what would you toll him to do! What would you dot 10. How doos a man look whon he has physico.1 shock? How do you treat physical shock! Wha.t o.ro the c!'.usos of shock? 11. Place on first a.id dressings for the following injurios: Fractured arr:1 Fre.cturod olbow FrtJ.ctured forearm Fr::-.cturcd rib Fractured thigh Fr~cl;11:rod kncc.;.co.p Frl'.ct1.1 re<~ log Frc.ctt~rod j:::.vr Frt~cturod coll:ir,.,bono Fr~:.cturocl P-:ilvis Fro.cturod back 12. Place on n drcssil'13 for e..n injured oyo. 13, Pla.ce on c.ressing for tho fol lo.ring dislocations: Disloce.t.od shoulder • Dislocatod hip 14. Hov, waulc. you rescue n mP.n from an electric wire? throe (3) r.:othocl. a. 1.5, ilhen wculd you i:;ivu artificinl rcspi mt ion? of r.rtificial r e E.?i ruUon. 16. How long would you cont i."luo c.rtificial respiration boforo stopping? D.:imonstrnto 11.t loii.st Domonstre.to the Schaofor rnothod 17. Demonstrate tho United Ste.tos Bureau of Minos Standard 4 .. Man Lift. To be us:.:id ·o~, -/;ho inst rue tor o:uy. Is -!;he ar:.•~•i::•r,.,~t. cmHlcd to The Union Pacific Conl Company•s Fir3t Ai c1 Ge:;r-~ifJ.!:atc, Burot>.u Cl f lr~ uc s ~" r-f:.i f i co.to No , ~~ood~----~-~------------Inst nict or . �I REVIEVI Q;GESTIONS lo W.'aat ie fi z-st·.D.id? \'lb.at is the pUL--p ot1 0 of Fil•.!Jt Aid? 3 o . rnmt n.ra the lil'.ilitation.s of First Ai d? 4c Of wha t i s t h e body corr~osod? 5o Wha·l; i s -'tiho skol 0ton? 6 0 vnrn:i; does i t do? 0 2o 7,;i Of who.t paz,t s is t he heo.d 1;1!lde up? 8 ,) In-'c; o whnt tuo :on rts is tlw tl"l111k divide d? 9 o Uhe.t does en ch contain ? 10., Desc r ib e t he spinal oo1urnn.o 110 Dsscl:'ib e th0 !' i bs 0 12 ,, Dnscr ibe the Br east bone 0 13 0 Dosciribe the Polviso 14; Wh at a :eo the extr-emati ea? 1 50 VJJ10:i; is a joint ? 1 Go mnt rno1.101rents do jo in t□ 1:fl.Ve '? 17~ Ci-ive 0.xam_pS.e of 'ball nna. 30 lrnt joint" .. 8 0 Giw ~~mple of hinge j oint o 190 ., ·1t nre lir-:om-:mt n '? 2 0., '. ..h:ri:; ar o ;c ndo:n::i ? 21 o 22., 23 .., Jhrd; ·.:. _·0 muoc l es? .'.'t:m.t is t :1z JJlt:pono of muscles ? i.'fha:i; i s t.hc i.c:po:,,;tcme0 of r.ms cl es in refez,ence to f.,.-s.c·~ur~s and dislocations '? 1 :,'hat i s a sprain? 24 0 250 2Go 27 o 28 0 29 o 30 0 31 0 32 o !Im :!.s :.l:i; c"' used? \That are the sympt orri.S '? 1.1iru1·t :1.s t he t r-entm.en t? Ys a s mrero s :prn:tn a slight · injury= \7hjr? :'That is a di sloe at i on? Hor, n r o d:lslocaS; ions ca.used? \Vhat a:re ·the s ympt om9 '? What :l.s ·cho treo:tment? 33 0 Under TTm.t ciroUI!l3tnnc0s would you be jus t ified in try'lns to reduce a dislo cat ion? 340 1'llw.t would you p1-oceed to do? 350 Ds s cr!be ~r oatme nt ro r dis loontion of lowor jaw0 f i ngara 0 t o Gs 0 shoulder s o 3'o o 1.'lha t o.re ·t h o co!!l1Jl0n injurioo m. thout a brealt i n ·the skin? 37 0 Dascr ibe b ruiseso 38 0 i'/hat aro tho s ympt oms of bruis e.a? 39 o How would you 'croat them? 4:0 o In e. sovere bruise uh/J.t else would you look for? 410 Tell the di f'i'e r enco bet'7ean o. bruise ~ aprn ini> d:1.slooai1 ono 420 What is oircnil.ation'? 43 0 ~-5 0 What is the purpose o'f the hoai..,, '? Des@:cibe it e no.t ion o \"lhat :ls the h oc.rt b sa·li? 45 o How often dcaa 1t occur? ¥-o �4'7 0 '48o 490 5O~ 514) 52~ 530 Vlha:t a re the dif ferent el o.ss0s of bl oo d vess els? Das crl be eacho Wh at are th~ ch£u?act0r-:ts·t:l.cs of bl e3di ng f r om an artery? '.i'.n ble0ding f r om an A~te :ey- wher e would y ou :p:coss and -.WJ'? Whera 'CT OU.ld you :press ·i;o stop al."t0:::-ial bleeding from the s~alp? SidG of head nb ove 0 louaz, par 'i; oi' head and neck 0 shoulder 9 ar-.mp:lt 0 a:rJllti hando Palm of he.nd 0 t h:i.p_:11 0 1~,g or ~oot o 54: ~ Tell 0xaeily uha t you rJould do to s top bl eeding fX'om a 181.'ge nr-ceryo 55~ What BI'0 the chru:-ncte~istics of capilla~y bleeding? 56 c Ho-,, woulc1 you s ·top 001;>'.Ll e.!',Y' bl eefiln g 0 Ylbv? 57 o \'!hat e;:ca the cha::racie~ .s :lti©s @f' ve :mous 'bleedi ng'? 58~ Ht»! ,;;ouJ.tl you st-op ble0d!ng -'<)m veins'? 59 ~ What i s bloo d? 60; What do30 i t do ? 61 ~ D~se~iha natures rr~ fu a ct · ot pp1~g oleofilng, 62 ~ rJhat rc:ethods o.x,e used ·'- o cout :1:01 ble0di 19? D$scribe ~lot-l;:1.ng of bloo .:, \'f h~ helpz to i:r.ake blood clot ? 'Th.at a :&.,..oJ t h a OYlTI3)to:ms cf: a great loss or blood? V/h0:t '.I.Isl a Tc :u;naquat? Whn'i.i- are i.:c;a wes? Tll.J.a.t iB :!-GB <2.e.11ge:'l.''1' \7h e_ • rnmd :ii OU!. e. Y'!JJ1Y .. 1.? Oo fJ'll.a-t; 1o 'G.:.· a · • 11t of i xrt e1~n.a1 bl ce~i xig'? 1 . ~ i'!hat il,.G) t he tl iffs -au.ee b(rtueGJ. bl aiedmg :rr:o:m. lm2gs ..1 s iomaeh? '12 ~ Sl:ou GOlll:D® of a:i:tex,ieo and !}l-"00SUX'0 points? c,s~ Suppo ~ ycu h.J.v>e io ca:!:'a :i'o:r Em :1.n jUsad ps:rscm 0 \';hut u ould you do f'!re·i; ? '.7.,o \lhen shoul~ ou e~nd for e. dco t or oi- take the 1nj12.,..""ad p exs on to a doctor? IJ5o i'iha1; o.bout -~:::.gnt clothSi.ug? '160 \Th,(;ln TT<mld you ·mow an t:n ;Juz,od pa :caon? 'l? ; Vfuat e. x--0 1Ghe dange:&-s of moving an il.n,.; u.z:sd. _,0rs oI?,? 1 8 0 Wh~.-i d.o you mov about giv:lZ1.3 a;i injured p e:t>son u at sr or st :1mul.ants? 79; Shet1.'l.1c1 clot h ing al.\7a.ys be :re moved? 80 0 Vtb en wO'L11d you r l9Il!OVG a orn.9 of the olothinc; and hou would you do -i t ? 810 iThen c:loes Sl'.U1C k OCGUX'? 82 0 Wha'l; i EJ shock? 83 0 i'fn.aJi; is· the caus0 of' shock? 84~ IJha'i'; is tho p!'eveni; ion of s hock? 85~ Whe/i; al.'e t h e symJ;r'liom:i of choch"'r 86 ; What i s t he t rea tmen·li of sho ck? 870 Explain ~lihe usa of he at 0 stimul.an·~e a nd p osition :!n sh1>®lco 88 <> \That ara t he us es of banda~s'? 8~ 0 What :!s the a.dwntage of tho t ria.ngw.ax> bandage for. f irs t n id purposes? 900 What iEJ 'i;h0 size of the triangulo.zo b andagGl? 91 0 What p m ~ ut ions mu.st be ta ken :1n putt:!ng on ba ndages? 92,, For what pui•posos a ~e bandages u sed? 9S ~ \Th.!" s hould you n ot use adhesive plastei:r? 94 0 Vlna:t is a ncund? !:m; Wb,:l~ is the ape aial danger t o be i'eai--ad i n a. wound? 96~ How do e:a t he skin protet!t the body ? 97., How oan gem.a ent ar the body? 83 0 64,1,) 65~ 66 o S'r o 68~ 69 o �98~ Whe:re n:i:e the geZ'illiiJ i'cru.ud? 99 ~ What doos disi11i"ee·c1on me.-:121 ? 1000 What happens in a wou.Yld t r genns Bain entrance to it ? 3101~ What happens in a WO"l.llld if they do not Gain ontm nca? 102 0 How d.0611 i'r ~e bloeding dixninish -the dungo:r of wound infee:·~ion? 10s .; Whs:t i s i nflanst:lon'? 104; Wns.·~ is blood pn:loon:lng? •105 ; Row m ml d you p:revent :pu,a gz:rms 0nte2•ing a wound? .106 o Vlha-;; a'.'!'.'e the SYlifp:GOI(lll of :L-i.flarw·~io11 in a uou.nd? :il.M a Wll.a'G a se -thG 1°a~itiea of 17i,1..md0? 109 ~ Hou wou.1<1 you .tx---aat an o:rd1naX'lJ wound'? 109a \Vhy should one t1--y- to zroko a t1"'lnal .wound •01eed? ·:ii.io o What dl'ess:tng uou.'.Ld you p1?efo:r :i.'or a wound? 11i ,; What do -:{ou. und1.1rstand by a foreign body-? 1120 ·_Hoz.r uould ym.1 treat a t,10,una in uhich ·chero is a fo reign body'? ll3a B'.0'\7 'i7o\!1.c1 you tree;i; an eye ...-,nund'? 11L1,, Hov wcmlcl" you remove a speck fl'om the eye? . 115 ~ 116 o ll'i' ~ 118; llCJ o Wha:i; are the do.neaX'S of removl:ng foreign bodi es f1~om the 0y0? What are poisoned ummds? 120 o. Ro':? ::l.s 9:i; pl'011CTJ. ·l;od? "i'Jha t :i u :c re t; "ru.~ e ? ,Jlmt is a s :1D:9lo l :r-2.cturn ? Jl.21 o Wuai a - i.ni'eGted wounde?- i'lhnt '170u10. you do i'or sn.alco bHeo? i'.,1mt is J.oc kjau?. ' 22~ l23a mia:~ is n co 11ounc1 i'z:.acit;u:re? 24a ·How ~ould you pr0~0nt u simple frac t ure f r~m bccominG compound? 1250 How woul d you r Gcogn:!.zo n s:ilnple fracture ? .'.2.260 Eov m;uld y u i;_ont a ai:mpl e f r act ure? 12? ; What 1s _a s _l int? · 51.28~ F1:0m uh.at rrn 'Ger:1.o.13 may o. splint ba :mdo? tvha t are tho p1•ocau·Gi ons in appl y ints sp lints? Shoi7 t:rsatmsnt fo -r 1':i:acturo upper a rm 0 foraa:rm. 0 ;:rris t D fin@) rs 0 orushed hand 0 foot; l ower 1ee 0 'Ghivi,.. 'ka.00 cap 0 .~ol lar bone a r ibs 0 slrull 0 l ower jaw 0 2,2gc- 230 0 baek 0 a;nd nosGo 131 0 What is a sling? 132 o 1330 1~ 0 135 ., 13C o 13'7~ 138~ \Th.a-~ k1.nds ? Hoi1 ap:pli eel.'? What is a burn? What i s a s oald? How many ·degrses of burns ? Descri be t hemo Who.t ia a dry burn? 1:39~ What is a wot bu..."'r-11? 140; i'nmt i s an a.eid bu m 0 corros l'l ve'? ·1\..41 ~ \Th.at _is t :reatment for each ? ~) t/..9 • IThat o. bout s hock regarding bu.rns 0 Why ? A -- v :lV13 o What ar e t he sympt oms of bulS!.S and soalds? 144~ Treatment veey slight burns and s caldso 145 0 •: rrea tment nher e blisters l iave for:me do 146_., Treai!U3nt ver y despo �'JA/l o ].48~ 71.490 1Vhat is ·the diffex-ence br:rt·00on su.ru::tr--oke and h saJG exausti on? Tre~tmGzi:1; for oncho \'Jhat is i'ros·G b:!.ta 0 sym_ toms ~ t:1:ontmen-t? 150 0 Hou would you treat f'l:0 zin f(ts 15.l o Hou would you U:rt an in jured pGrSon~ Damonst:roteo 1520 Hou would you improvise a stro·tcher'? 1 53 ~ Wb.at is foe cause or suffoca·i;ion? l 54o Of:' what c1oes the respirotory systom consist? Jl;55o Ro-r1 may the su;_,:rply of nil~ ·to the lm1gs be inte!'fe:r:rad i7 i thal' 1 56 0 SYI?I.PtOID~ of suffocation? 1 5'7 ~ ~'fua•i:; is o.rtG:!.fieial Resph"'-..vion? 158; Demons"11ra'te o 159 ., How '110u.ld -you -~~eat fer dl"oun:lng'? 1 60 0 ~·my cUd you to ka th:.lEi com·s0'J �•' U. S . BUREAu OF MINES STANDARD EXAMINATIONFOR cooPE!ll:.TrvE Fi~sT-:.rn CE:lTII-'IC!.T~ J~:\TOMY l. Q• ~~1at part of the body, by weight, is composed of blood! l •• ,.oout 1/13 of the weight of the body is blood. 2. Q. What is the skeleton? •·· The skeleton is t he framework of the body. 3- Q. What is the composition of the skeleton? ... The skeleton is composed of a hard substance called bone . 4. Q. \lhat is the purpose of the skeleton! a. Tho skeleton supports and carries the soft parts, protects the vital organs from injury and gives attachment to the muscles. 5. Q. Into what three parts is the body divided? , •. The body is divided into the following parts: the head, trunk and extremities. 6. Q. 1i:hat is the cranium? •·· The ci·anium is a bony case which encloses and p rotects the brain. 7. Q. What divides the trunk into two parts? , .. The trunk is dividod into two parts by a muscular partition called the diap h ragm. 8. Q. What organs are contained in the upper portion of t h e trunk ? ... The gullet, heart, lungs and some large blood ves s els a r e cont ained in the upper portion of the trunk. 9. ~- \what organs are contained in the lower port ion of t h e t runk ? , •. Tho stomach, liver, kidnoys, bladder and intestines are cont a ined in the lower portion of the trunk. 10. Q. What a.re the upper and lo,Jer portions of the trunk commonly called ? ,., The upper and lower portions of the trunk ere commonly called the chest and abdomen respectively. 11. . Q. \/hat bones fonn th~ trunk? , •. The spinal column or vertebrae, ribs, pelvis, coccyx and sternum form the trunk. 12. Q. How many ribs are there? •.. There o.re 24 ribs, 12 on each side. 12a. Q. -iihat is the spinal column? ... The spinal column is made up of a number of smaller bones called vertebrae extending from the base of the cra.niwn to the pelvic bone and foI'lllB a standard for attaching the ribs giving the boqy its rigidity, 12b.Q. ·,; ihat is the function of the spinal column! ••· Its function is to give rigidity to the body and to form a canal or protective covoning for the chief nervo fibers of tho body, the spinal cord. 12c. Q. \ihat is the pol vie bone! .~. The pelvic bone is a flat dis1'l-shaped bone v,hich gives i:.. point of a.tt i:;.chmont for the lower extremities and supports the bladdor und bowels. 12d.Q. vihat is the danger of a fractured pelvis! , •. The danger of a. f r-..:.ctured pelvis lies not only in tho broken bone but also in tho fact that the bladder, which rests on tho pelvis bone, may becomo punctured through undue movement of the patient. 13, Q. Of what do the oxtromitioa consist? ·•· The upper oxtromity consists of th o shoulder joint, arm, f oroarm, wrist and hand. The lo,·,or extremity coneieta of tho thigh, leg, o.nklti aud foot. �,, . . •. ... ·. 4 •• - ·2 - 14 • Q~ -How l'.llWlY bones are in each upper oxtremity r.nd who.t are they? A. Each upper oxtremity has 1 collar bone, 1 shoulder blade, 1 arm bone, 2 foro~rm bones, 8 wrist bones, 5 h~nd bonos ~nd 14 fingor bones. 1 5, Q. How many bones aro in each lower qxtromity and what o.ro they? ·•· Ea.ch lowor extremity has 1 thigh ~one, 2 leg bones, 1 knoeco.p, 7 unkle bones, 5 foot bones and 14 too bones. 16. Q. Whut is a joint! ••· Whoro two or more bones come together they f onn a joint. · 17. ~- How aro the bqncs hold in position at tho joints? ••· Tho bones aro hold in position by bands callod ligaments. 18. Q. What a.re the mus cl es und \1hat is their function? i•. Musc],es give shape to tho body und by lengthening or shortcni r}g they ca.use tho parts to move to v,hich they aro attached. 19. Q. Wha.t a.re tendons and what is their function? , •. Tendons are strong, whito, fibrous cords that attach most muscles to bone. 20. Q. How ~s nourishment carriod to tho differont parts of tho body? Tho Qlood cnrrios nourishment to the different parts of the body by means of closed tubes called blood vessels. ... 21. Q. What othor :function does tho blood perf onn? '"· The blood furnishes heat a,,d oxyg~n to c..11 parts of the body, und carries ,.,a.stQ ma.ttor from a.11 tho tissues to tho lungs, kidneys, skin and bowels, whose work it is to soparute tho ·110.stos from the blood and expel them from the body. 22. Q. Yihat koops tho blood stream in motion? , .. Tho blood is kept moving by tho pump-like action of the hoo.rt. 23. Q. What is the heo.rt and l/1hero is it loco.tad? , •. The heart is a musculo.r orgo.n about tho size of a mc.n' s fist, situated in the chest behind and to tho left of tho broastbono. 24. Q. Explain tho action of tho heart! , •. The heart ~cts like o. doublo-nction pump, one side of which f orcos the fresh blood through tho body, tho other sido forcing tho impure blood to tho lungs. 25. Q. What is the rato of speed at which tho hoart opera.toe nonnally? , •. Tho heurt contracts or boats o.bou'f; 72 times per minute. 26. Q. \lhat a.re tho blood vessels? 1~. Tho blood vassols aro tho arteries, veins o.nd capillo.rios through which the blood is convoyed to a.11 po.rts of the body. 27. Q. 111ho.t is tho function of the arteries! arteries carry the puro blood from tho hoart. They divide and subdivide ... Tho until they become vory small in size and aro knovm o.s capillaries. 28. Q. What is the function of tho veins! ;.,, The capilla.ries join i'ino.J.ly forming voins through which tho impure blood is returned to the heart. 29. Q. Vlhero may tho pulse beat rate be examined conveniently! 1.'-,.. Ono can feel the pulse beat a.t the wrist or tomplo. 30. Q. Vlhat is meant by rospirntion? ~. Rospiration moans breathing - inhlll.ing puro uir and driving out tho impuritios that the lungs hnvo sopnrnted from the blood. �31. Q. What is the no.turo of the lungs! ••· Tho lungs are two cone•sho.pod bod~os which E\rO soft, spcngy and elastic. The outside of eaoh lung is coverQd by u closod sac called the pleura. 32. Q. How is tho blood purified in tho lungs? i•• Tho lungs contain vary dolicato capillurios with blood on tho inside o.nd air on tho outside so tho.t gasos in the nir und blood aro e~sily oxchnngod. 33. Q. \✓ ho.t is tho normnl rate of broo.th:i,.ng? ••· Brea.thing occurs in health o.bout 15 to 20 times por minute. 34. Q. Who.t duty is performed by tho nor'fous system? •·· Tho nervous systom koops tho different parts of tho body in touch with eo.ch othor and it controls o.nd rcgulntos tho fundtions of the organs, 35. Q. Of uha.t does tho nervous systom consist? .~. Tho nervous system consists of norvos and norvo cells or centers. 36. Q. Describe the nerves! •·· Tho norvos nro round, ,·,hito cords consisting of norvo fibers ,·, hich fonn connections between tho norvo contcrs and the ends of the norvos. 37. Q. Why docs tho nervous sys·tem pla.y Wl important po.rt in injuries? ~•- The ncrvo cantors o.re o.l~uys o.ffectod by soriou~ injury and a. condition of shock gonoro.liy results. SHOCK 38. Q. V!ho.t is shock? .•. Shock is a. suddon vitt'.l doprossion of the nervous systom. 39, Q. \iha.t C[Lusos shock? ... Sevoro po.in, loss 'of blood, fright, a.ngor, surgiccl op orc.tions, seeing own injury or injurios of others, ~nd o.ccidonts by electricity or gc.s cause shock. 40. Q. Whc.t uro tho symptoms of shock? ... 1. The fa.co is pc.le and hc,s o.n anxious e.xprossion. 2. The eyelids droop, tho oyos a.re dull end the pupils lc.rgo. 3. Tho skin is clc..mmy c..nd covorod ,,i th cold sweo.t. 4. The p~tiont is somo~ho.t stupid und tc.kos little intorost in things ~bout him. 5. Ho m~y suffor from nausea. o.nd vomiting. 6. He mc.y nnswcr questions slowly. 7, Ho mo.y bo pertly or totally unconscious. 8. Brouthing is shc:.llow o.nd fcoblo. 9 . . The pulse is ro.pid o.nd ,100.k, c.nd mr.y not be f cl t o.t tho Ylrist. 41. ~- 11h~t is the troe:.tmcnt for shock! ... 1. Plc.co tho porson in a. comforto.blo position ,·lith his hcc.d low. 2. Removo c.11 foreign subst~ncos from his mouth. 3. \-lro.p tho porson in wo.rm blo.nkots, clothing or bra.ttico cloth. 4. Give a. liquid stimulc.nt if p~tiont is conscious. 5. ~.J.lo,·1 po.tiont to inhc.lc fumos of u.rmnc..tic spirits of runmonio. if h1,; is unconscious. First-a.id mon should tost strongth of stimulant boforo applying. 6. Fla.co hca.t a.pplicntions a.round po.tiont undor covoring. 7. Rub logs ~nd ~rrns toward body undor covering. 8. Flo.co c. small hco.t o.pplioution ovor hoe:.rt. 42. Q. Undor wha.t conditions would it bo improper to pl..:.co tho pn.tiont' s he::.d. lo'i11 ~J..so, in ccsos of sunstroke and o.poploxy. ••· l'ihon thore is c. fro.cturod skull or severe hcmorrhc.go from tho hco.d. �- 4 43, Q. Under what conditions would it be improper to give a stimulant to a patient who is suffering from shock? A. If the person has a fractured skull, sunstroke, apoplexy or s·e vere bleedin~ from the head, do not give a stim4lant. If the patient has internal ble~ding, do not give a stimulant until the hemorrhage has been checked. 44. Q. \/hat may be used for heat applications? A. Heat pads, hot water bottles, hot bricks, stones, etc., may be used for heat applications. 45, Q. What precaution must be taken with heat applications to avoid burning patient ? A. Wrap heat applications in cloth or paper and test before applying to avoid. burning patient. 46. Q. 'iihat substance or material may be used for a liquid stimulant? A. Aromatic spirits of ammonia, (a teaspoonful in a half glass of water), hot coffee, hot tea or hot water may be used as a liquid stimulant . 47. Q. How should a liquid stimulant be a.dministered ·? A. Raise person's head and allow him to tak e liquid in sips f rom a glass. 48. Q. Under what condition should a liquid stimulant be given? A. A liquid stimulant should be given ·when the patient is conscious. 49. Q. How may stimulant be given if the patient is unconscious? A. Give stimulant to an unconscious person by pouring aromatic spirits of ammonia on a cloth and pennitting the patient to inhale the ammonia fumes. The strength of the fumes should be tested before applying to the patient. 50. Q. How long should the shock treatment continue? A. The shock treatment should be started immediately after the bleeding has been checked and continued until the patient has been tufned over to the doctor. ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Electric Shock Gas Poisoning Suffocation Drowning 51. Q. How does electricity cause shock! A. Electricity causes shock by paralyzing the nerve centers that control breathing or by stopping the regular beat of the heart. 52. Q. \/hat are the symptoms of electric shock? A. The symptoms of electric shock are: l. Sudden loss of consciousness; 2. Absence of respiration which if present is slight and cannot be observed; 3. Yieak pulse or absence of pulse; and . . 4. burns at the point of contact with the conductor of electricity. 53, Q. 'ilhat precautions must be taken in rescuing a person from contact with a live wire? A. The foi1owing precautions are necessary: 1. If a switch is near, turn of! the current, but lose no time in looking f:or one. 2 . Sqort circuit or ground the current by means of a drill, auger, bar, piece of wire, taking care to release hold of the instrument befQre it touches the live wire. • J. Insulate yourself from the ground and remove the person from the wire. Protect yourself by using dry non-conducting material such as clothing, dry wood or thick paper; also, protect the hand you use to grasp the patient by your cap, coat or any dry non-conducting material. 4. Allother way is to take your belt, handkerchief, coat, piece of dry rope or similar material and loop it over tho victim's head or foot and pull him off tho Vii.re. 5. tIf......__,,_, is near at hand, use it to cut the uire but first make cortain _ _ _ _ _ ___,,_ andle s d "!-.l -~----~- �54, Q. What explosive gas is commonly fo\,\nd in coal 1aines? A. Methane gas is commonly found in coal min6s, 55, ~- In what ways is mothane gas dangerous? A. It ma.y explode and burn persons within the range of the oxploeion. In burning or exploding, poisonous ca.rbon mono;d.de go.a is often generated, 56. Q, What are some of the poisonous gasos ! J•. Sulphur dioxido, oxides of nitrog~n, ammonia, hydrogon, sulphide, and carbon monoxide. 57, ~- Is c~rbon dioxide gas poisonous or dangerous! A, Carbon dioxide gas is not poisono"4s but may en.use death by suffocation if pITosent in sufficiont quantity,' 58, Q. \/hat trca.tmont should bo givon a drowning parson? J-... 1. i~lways rescue the pElrson from tho water us quickly as possible. 2. Lqck your hands under the patient's stoma.ch and lift him several timos to drain the ,1ater out of his air passages u.nd stomach. 3, Loso no time in rosorting to artificial rospirution. 59. Q. Whut treatment should be given to a person suffering from suffocation or o.sphyxiati on? J•. Remove the victim to pure air and start artificial respiration without delay. 60. Q. V/ha.t treatment should be given a person suffering from electric shock? l'i., Remove tho person from conta.ct with olectric conductor and start artificiQ.1 respiration immediately. 61. Q. ~hut is artificial rospiration? .ii., i•rtificial respiration is the term given to the act of causing a. person to breath artificially by means of comprosaing the walls of tho chest, farcing the air out of tho lungs, and allowing tho walls of the chest to o.xpo.nd, drawj,ng fresh air into the lungs, 62. Q. When should artificial respira.tion be started? , •. i.s quickly a.a possible after the accident has occurred, 63, Q. How J,ong should a.rtificial respiration be continued? , •. Until, brae.thing is restored or for nt least four hours. 64. Q, ~hat procautions must bo ta.ken boforo starting artificial respiration? 1•. 1. Romovo all foreign bodies from the patient's mouth; 2. Looson tight clothing from tho victim's nock, chost and v,aist; and 3. Sqe that the tongue is forward. 65. Q. What additional traatmont would you give the victim? .~. Give tho victim tho regular trea.tmont for shock. 66. Q. How many times per minuto would you co.use the pa.tiont to broath in giving artificial roepirution. i~. Tho pa.tiont should bo made to brea.th 12 to 15 timos por minute. 67 • Q. ~lho.t. are t.he commonl.y usad methods of o.rtificiul rospiration . ..~. Tho ~yl.veator c.nd prono proseure mothods, 68. Q: V/hicb mothod is proferable? ,.. Tho prone pros suro method is pref erabl o. 6 9, Q, Domonstro.te the Sylvostor method of nrtifici!ll respiration and show how to cho.ngo operators without broa.king rhythm, A. {Each member of tho ela.ss domonstra.to.) �·,· ;•• ,~ ~ t ,,,.. ': ·, ~ 1 ' .- ,.~;·. ' •. • •• , • -• .; ( t"' I - 6 70. Q. Domo~str~to tho prone prossuro method of ~rtifici~l shoW hOW to chango opera.tors ·without brouking rhythm rcspiro.tion .md J •• (Ea.ch mambor of tho clnss domonstrr.to. )' • HEMORRH:.GE OR BLEEDING 71. Q. Give c. definition of homorrhugo? , •. Hemorrho.go is the flow of blood from c.n urt ory, vein o:c co.pillo.ry. 72. Q. \ihut o.re the symptoms of o.rtoria.l bleoding! rod blood spurting from o. wound indico.tos tha.t 4 \ , Brigl'lt, C'.n artery hus boon cut. 73. Q. \1ha.t c.rc. the symptoms of voinous Qlooding? ; •. Dr..rk rod blood flovli.ng in a. steady strorun indicates voinous bloqding. 74. Q. \Zha.t o.ro tho symptoms of capillo.ry blooding? n. If tho blood is rod a.rid oozos from the r10und, it is from capillo.rios. 75. Q. Ho\1 would you stop tho flow of blood from a wound ,Jith capillo.ry blooding? ,\, J·•pply o. clco.n bcmdugo compress directly ovor tho \·1ound. 76 . ci. Ho,: would you stop tho flow of blood from o. ,1ound v,ith voinous blooding? .-.. Usually bleeding from o. voin co.n be chocked by applying c. la.rgo bandugo compross diroctly ovor tho wound. If this fails, comprossion should bo mo.do on tho sido of tho wound m1c.y from tho hoc.rt. 77. fl. How ,rould you chock tho flow of blood i'rom a. wound with c.rtoriru. blooding? ••. \Ihon o.n o.rtory is cut, tomporo.ry digital pressure should bo npplied on o. prcs~uro point botwoon tho wound and tho boo.rt o.ftor ,1hich o. tourniquet should bG applied on tho prossuro point. 78. Q. \."hy must digital pressure bo appl:j.ed boforc tho tourniquet? i •• Digital prossuro is applied beforo the tourniquot so th:it no 4 nnecosso.ry time will bo lost in chocking the flotr of blood. 79. Q. \,ho.t is maant by prossuro points? ... Prosau: points o.rc locations on the surfaco of tho body whore pressure co.n 0 convQnl.ontly bo mudo on tho largo a.rt orios to stop tho f lovt of blood. 80. Q. \_iha.t is a tourniquet? Ho a tourniquet is o. d ovico • . uaod to c.pply and hold prossuro on a prossuro point. 81. Q. A. :ow long should a tourniquet remain tightly over a pressure point? fot more than twenty minutes after which the tourniquet should be loosened or several seconds and then tightened. 82. Q. Class Will indicate the following pressure points: 1. wound of scalp, 2. wound of face or nose, 3, wound of armpit or arm torn from body, 4. wound of arm, 5. vround of forearm, 6 . w~>Und of hand , 7. wound of groin, 8. uound of thigh, and 9. wound of leg. BJ. Q. Vihat are the symptoms of internal hemorrhage? A. Ths symptoms of internal hemorrhage. are faintness, cold skin, po.le face 1 dilated pupils, thirst, feeble, irregular breathing, sighing, clouded vision, weakness, rapid pulse, dizziness and later, loss of consciousness. ---- �- 7 84 • Q. \'i'hat is the treatment f · t A. Lay the patient dovm wi~r i~ ernal, hemorrhage? . ci.t-cloths to the b 0 d t t h hi~ heaq. lower than his body and apply ice or cold do not give st• he point from which you think the bleeding comes· or cold t i~u ans unless absolutely necessary but you m~y aive ice water wa er s owly if the patient io conscious. ' i\ 0 85. Q. Why i~ arterial bleeding dangerouij ! A. Arterial bleeding if all d death L ' owe to go unchecked for a short time, may cause • oss of blood also complicates the condition of shock. 86. Q. ~~hat is nature's method of stopping bleeding? A. ~~ile b~ood is flowing through th~ body, it is fluid; but as soon as a blood ss~l 16 severed, the blood flowing out thickens or clots and tends to s·~op flowing. WOUNDS 87. Q. What is a wound? A. A wonnd may be defined as a break in the skin. 88. Q. Name three kinds of v1ounds? A. Three kinds of wounds are the incised, lacerated and punctured. 89. Q. \That is an incised wound? A. An incised wound is one vthich the edges are smoothly divided without any bruising or tearing. They are produced by some sharp cutting instrument, such as a knife, a piece of glass or sharp piece of coal or rock. 90. Q. ~ihat is a lacerated wound! A. A lacerated ,;1ound is one ,1hich presents ragged edges and is the result of tearing the skin and tissues by blunt instruments or machinery. 91. Q. \"/hat is a punctured v1ound? A. A punctured wound may be produced by pbinted instruments such as needles, splinters, nails, or pieces of wire. may be very deep. They are usually small in size but 92. Q. \ihat precautions must be taken by the first-aid man in treating wounds? A. 1, If there is bleeding from an artery, check the flow of blood and apply a tourniquet . 2. Do not touch the wound with your hand, clothing or any instrument and do not pour water or any drugs into or on it. J. Care should be taken to make all dressings wide enough to cover the wound completely. 4. A sterile bandage compress should be applied over the wound as quickly as possible and the knot tied over the compress. 93. Q. Und~r what conditions would you not tie the knot over the compress! A. In compound fractures, wounds of the eye and fractured skull, the knot should not. be tiod ovor the compress. 94. Q. \iha.t bandages a.re usod in first-aid work! .A.. The compress and the t ri.angu1ar or cravat bandages. ~5- Q. In generai, ho~ t~ght shou1d bandages bo app1iod? A. Bundages should be app1iod firmly, but never tightly. 96. Q. Members of the class will demonstrate the following drossings: 1. wound and bleeding of the scalp, temple, ear or face, 2. wound and bleeding of forehead, 3. v1ound and bleeding of nose, 4, injuries of the eyo, 5. wound and bleeding of chin, 6. wound and bleeding of neck or throat , . _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 7_ • :WOU1"1d D'"d b't,,.. a,U ,..,. ,_#_ .... i... .,,.._._,] .J f t �- 6 8. wound and blooding of armpit, 9. arm -~orn from body, 10. drossing for amputated ann, 11. wound and blooding of upper a?lm, 12. v,ounri and blooding of elbow, 13. wound and bleeding of foroarm, 14. wound and blooding of wrist, h d 15. wound and bleeding of pc.lm of the and, 16. vround and bleeding of back of the han , 17. wound and bleeding botv,oen tho shoulders, bd 18. \"1ound and blooding of back, cl'}est, sid\or :d omen, buttocks, 19. ·wound and blooding of lower part of bac , a omen or 20. \"found and blooding of groin, 21. wound and blooding of crotch, 22. wound and bleeding of hip, 23. wound and bloeding of thigh, 24. wound and bleeding of kneo 25. wound and blooding of log, 26. wound and bleeding of ankle or foot, and 27, wound and bleeding of foot. 97. Q. \ihat is a dislocation? A. A dislocation is a slipping of a bono out of its socket, 98. Q, \ihat other injury always accompanies a dislocation? A. Tho ligwnents about a dialocatod joint aro always torn. 99, Q. \,hat aro the symptoms of a dislocation? A. The symptoms of a dislocation aro (1) dofotmity; (2) the head of tho bono can usually be felt; (3) tho limb in which the joint is dislocated may be either longer or shorter than the uninjurod limb; (4) it is ~mpossible to place the dislocated limb in its natural position; and (5) pain and S\7elling accompany a dislocation. 100. Q, In gonoral, how would you treat a dislocation? .A. Apply dressings or splints in the lino of deformity, a.nd treat for shock if nocesso.ry, 101. Q. Is it proper for the first-o.id man to reduco certain dislocations? ,L. Yoe. 102. Q. 'itbat dislocations may the first-aid man reduce? 1•• The first-aid man may reduce dislocations of tho fingers, toes, and lower jaws. l03, Q. Members of the class will demonstrate tho following treatments: 1. dislocated finger or thumb 2, dislocation of lower jav,, ' 3, dislocation of shoulder, 4. dislocation of elbov,, 5. dislocation of hip, and 6. dislocation of knoe. FRJ.CTU:RES l.04. Q. \;ho.tis a frac-turo? ••· ;. f rac-turo is o. brokon bone. 105. Q. Namo tho two kinds o,f fractures handled in first-aid work! , .. Simple and compound fro.ctures. 106. Q. Defino o. simplo fracture? ••· I. simple fracture is .ono in which the bone is broken but there is no opon wound in connection \"lith the fraoturo. �107. ~- Dufin0 a compound fracture? ••· .. cornr,ound fracture is one in ,1hich thGro is an opon ,·,ound communicating vii.th tho bone at the point of the fro.cturo. 108. Q. 'iihat ;uc.y ho.pp en vrhcn o. simplo f rc.cture is imhprodpl?rly ho.ndlb0d 1 onVorted into ••• simplo f r:icturo, by careless or improper un 1.ng, ma.y O c 0 ~ com~vund fracture • • l 09. Q. Ho•.-1 might c. s impl o fro.ct ure bo c onv o rt od into o. comp o~ndt f ro.lc~tutrlo ? t,-,1· st .....•.. brokon bcno usuclly bo.s sharp, S0.\7-tcoth odgos o.nd m~y push it through tho skin. JUS a. J. o • 110. Q. ',ihc.t c.re tho symptoms of c. fra.cture? . . ~. The symptoms of o. fro.ct uro o.ro (1) po.in c.nd t ondornoss ~t the p 01.nt of. fr;:.cturo; (2) inr.bility of pc.tiont to movo tho broken limb; (3) a. gra.ting sons~tion m~y bo fvlt in ha.ndling tho limb; o.nd (4) tho limb ma.y be oithcr shortonod or bent a.s compo.rod ,,,ith u similur pa.rt of tho uninjurud sido. 111. Q. In general, v,hnt proco.utions should bo tc.lrnn in tro=..tin g f rc.cturos? ... Tho f ollo,;ti.ng prvcL..utions should be tnk en in t rec.ting f ructuros: 1. huvo tho injured person lie doun o.nd do not mcvo him unloss ~bsolutoly nccosso.ry until splints hc.vo boe:n c;pplicd; , 2. plo.ce tho limb in Li. position o.s n0nrly nc.tura.l o.s possible by to.king hold of tho lo..-,or pa.rt of the limb ~nd pulling gently c..nd stco.dily; o.nd 3, tho under purt of th~ limb should bo supported on both sides of tho break in order to ste~dy the bone until splints ho.vo boon o.pplicd. 112. Q. ··.,ba.t spccic.l proco.utions must be t::-.kon when tree.ting compound frc.cturos? ••· Spoci.l.l proca.utions which must be to.ken r1hcn trouting compound fro.cturcs c,ro a.a foll o•;m : 1. If c.rte:ri~l blce;ding is present, check v,ith tomporc.ry pressure cmd c.pply c. tcurniquct tightly; 2. ~pply ~ tourniquet luusoly on pressure point ubovo tho frQCturo if bl0oding is not pros ant; 3, dress the wound ..,,ith a. storilo bcmdo.gc compress end o. crc.vc..t or trio.ngulcsr b~nda.gc; 4. if bones nre protruding do not tic knots ovor compress; o.nd 5. de not nttornpt to pull tho limb into norm~l position if bones cro protruding. 113. Q• \ihc..t c.ro tho symptoms of a. re.ct uro cf tho skull? .~. Blc,cd r.nd scrum ma.y flov, from tho oC'.rs. Blooding mc.y bo soon in tho oyos, noso o.nd mouth, end tho victim muy bo conscious er unc~nscious. f 114. Q. •11hc.t trca.tmont is givon for a. fra.cturo cf tho skull? 4 •• Plo.co tho hcr.d c,n : : . folded blnnkct or coa.t in such munnor ns not to ovoko prossuro on the fra.cturo. If u compound fra.cturo oxists, chock thG bleeding by pla.cing n la.rgo bnnda.go compress ovor th0 wound end tic it finnly in ~la.cc with tho knot tiod frcm tho ·wound. Cover tho compross era.vet bc.nd~go m1d tro~t for shock, but givo stimulunt. c.,10.y ,·Ji.th do 115. Q. Hc,v, ,1culd you tro::-.t r. frc.cturo of the noao? J,.. ;.ppl.y a. bc-.ndo.go comprosa, not too J.ightl.y, l.l.6. Q. Mombors of th~ cl.a.as ,lil.l domonstr::-.tc n not tho a.a for ,,ound cf tho noso. following drussings fer frncturos: 1. dressing for frncturo of jnw, 2. dressing for fr~cturc of ccllcr bono, 3, dressing for fr~cturo of nrm, 4. dressing for fro.cturo of elbow, 5, droasing for frccture of forearm, 6. dressing for fra.cturo of wrist, 7, dressing for frc.cturo of hand, a.nd 8. dressing for fra.oturo of shoulder bla.do. �- -u 117. Q. ";ihc..t a.re tho symptcms for fr~:~cturo of the rib? ••· The symrtoms for frc.cturo cf tho rib r.ro sovc..ro po.in in brcmtqing, tondernoss e,vor th ~. suspoct~d frr.cturc, c.nd ina.bility to tt'.ko c. lcng brenth bccuusu of tho pain prcduccd. 118. Q. Deme,nstrr.te drossing for frc.cturo of tho rib? 119. Q. \,ho.t arc tho symptoms for n frc.cturo of tho spino or brokon bnck? , •. '£ho p'.; .tiont will bo pc.ro.lyzod from tho wr.istlino dcvm nnd ho will bo unr..blo te, me,vo hi's logs. Dofe,rmity ma.y bo prosont nt tho point \7horq tho spine ho.a boon frc.cturod. • 120. Q. If tho pntiont's be.ck is bent nt the point of fro.cturo, v,hc.t would bo tho procoduro? ••· De- not try to strr.ightcn pntiont if his be.ck is bent. Troc.t for shock c.nd sand for tho doctor. 121. Q. Clr.ss domc,nstrc.to prccoduro of dressing ... frc;cturo of th-l spine if tho pr.ticnt is fe,und in a. strr.ight position. 122. Q. ·,iho..t nro tho symptoms of o. frr.cturc of tho p ol vis? ••. 'rho pdiont comp lo.ins of sovorc po.in th rough t h 0 pol vis. 123. Q. Mombors of tho clcss will domonstrnto procedure of drossings fer tho following f rc-.ct uroa: 1. frc.cturo of tho polvis; 2, compound fro..cturo of the thigh with c'.rtcrir..l bleeding; 3. frncturc of tho kncocnp; 4. frncturo of the log or o.nklo; r.nd 5. fructuro er crushing of foot or tcos. BURNS OR SCJJ.,DS 124. Q. Givo n dofinitien of c burn? ,~. i. burn is nn injury c~~usud by tho c.pplicr..tion of hor.t, cithor dry c,r moist. 125, Q. How should clc,thing bo romovod from n burn? i~. Romovo C'.11 lee.so clothing, but do not try to romcvo clc.thing th2.t c-.dhoros tc tho skin -- cut cround it. 126. Q. \ihorc should thG dressings bo o.pplicd dtor r. burn or sccld? exclude tho nir ns quickly c'.S possible by npplying picric ncid g~uzc mcistonod with stoam or vro.tor to r.11 burnod surfncos. ... 127. Q. Defino picric c.cid gnuzo? ••• Picric r.cid gr.uzo is c. sterile gnuzo which h:.>.s been tror.tod with r. 0.5 tc 1 per cont solution cf picric ncid. 128. Q. ·1ihc.t prccr.utions must bo ta.kon in trcding bums? The fcllovting procr:utiona must bo tv.kon in trcr-.ting burns: l. dcn't bind burnod surfr.cos togothor; 2. don't apply b::-.ndcgos too tightly; mid 3. dcn't fr.il tc bo c.soptic. ... I 129. Q. Clr..as domcnatrc-.to troc..tmont r-.nd dressing of the follcming burns: 1. burns c,f tho hoa.d, fci.co r:.nd nock; 2. burns of th.:. cntiro bcdy c.bovc the v,c.istlino including upp 6 r extremities but net tho hcr.d, fa.co er nock; r.nd 3, burns of ontiro bc..dy below thu v,,r.istlino including lL V/Or oxtrCJmitios. GENER/..t. 130. Q. ·,:hr.t c-.ru bruises r.nd how c-.rc thoy cr.usod? ~- Bruises cro injurios t t ., bl d c ho tissuos undor tho ski· n • ..i... h smc-..... 1 u voaaola mo.y bo b k Th ~n v,uic muny cf tho striking scmo pc.rt of th b ro on. . oy r.ro cr;usod by r~ porscn f 11 o ody or boing struck by soma c,bjoot. c. ing or ' �I - 11 - 131. Q. \ihct r.rc the symptoms of bruisus? , •. Tho symptoms of bruises r.ro immodir.tc pC'.in from tho injury to tho norvos, suolling, blr.ck c.nd bluo mr~rks, nnd lr.tor pr.in from prossuro of the blc.,cd en tho norvos which is incror.sod by movomont. 132, Cl, \,hc.t trcr.tmont v,c.uld you give t:. bruise? .~. ,·~pply c.n ico b:-.g or cold wot to,·rnl o.nd rost tho injured pc.rt. 133, Q. \ihr.t is n strc.in r.nd how is it er.used? H, strcdn is ovorstrotohing of tho muscles. It rnn.y be cnusod by a. suddon \1rcnch r.s in lifting hor.vy 1ivoights. In sovoro strc~ins sma.11 blood vossols mc.y bo brckcn. ••• 134. Q. How vrnuld you troo.t £'. strru.n? ,~. Ho.vo tho injured person ro st r.nd rub tho pn.rts gontly with nlcchcl ::ind vmtor or witch hC\.zol. 135. Q. ',,hct is ::t sprnin :::.nd how mr.y it bo c"usod? .... ,·. sprnin is c.n injury tc r. jcint. It mc.y bo cnusod by viol ent stretching, tuisting or p~rtia.l broa.king of tho ligc.monts ~bout n j oint. 136. (2. Hew v,ould ycu troat r. sprnin? ••· Eleva.to tho joint r.nd pla.co it c.t r1.bsoluto rost, r-.pply hot t ovrnls c-vcr the injury sovor.'.l times, pln.co ~ crc.vr.t firmly a round the j oint, c.nd sond the injured parson tc tho doctor. 137. Q. 1,i"ha.t c:.ro tho symptc.;ms cf rupture? I•• i. shr.rp stinging pC'.in, sickness c.t tho stcmc.ch r.nd c. fooling thnt scmothing ha.a givon wr.y. ~-. lump will nppoc.r in tho grc.in. 138. Q. \1hc.t is tho first-a.id troutmont fer rupturo? ••· f'lc.co tho pC'.tiont on his bn.ck with his knoos Woll rnisod tov,::-.rd tho nbdcmon ~nd tho logs supportod vith ~ pillcw ur fcldod jnckot. Cloths wot in ocld wr...tor should thon bo plC'.cod over tho hornio.. c,r lump c.nd sond for tho dc.ctor immodic:.toly, Novor force tho pc.tiont to lio in r. strcight pcsiticn. 139, Q. 11hn.t is hoC'.t oxhr.ustion! l·•· HoC'.t oxha.usticn is collupso from tho offocts of hoc-.t. 140. Q. \,hr.t r.ro tho symptcms cf hoc.t oxha.ustion? ••· Tho symptoms of hor.t oxhc.usticn a.re tho snmo r-.s thcso which indicn.to shock. 141. Q. nhn.t is tho troc.tmont fer hout oxha.ustion! ••· Tho tror.tmont for hor.t oxhc.ustion is tho samo c.s the trer..tmont for shock. 142. q. Whd is tho er.use of sunstroke! 1•• Sunstroke is cnusod by prolonged exp csuro to tho ro.y s of tho sun or to oxcossivo hont indoors. 143. Q. \'lhr:.t C'.re the symptcms of sunstroke? ••· Tho symptcms cf sunstroke a.re c:.s follovrn: l. tho pr.tiont is r.lwuys unconscious; 2. tho fnco is rod ~nd flushed; 3. tho skin is h0t end dry; 4. no purspirc.tic,n v,h::.tse:over is prosont; 5, the brocthing is l~bcrod C'.lld cf n snoring chcructor, 6. tho pupils ~ro enlarged; nnd 7. tho pule e is sl cw ::-.nd full. 144. q. Whnt first-a.id troo.tment wculd you give for sunstre,ke! ••· For sunstroko ycu would trec..t C'.S follows: 1 • reduco thto.t0itnptor~turo of tho body us quickly cs possible; 2 . romovo pc ion o ~ eccl pluco· 3. r ~iso pnticnt's hea.d by plucin' 4. romovo clothing; g vn ~ foldod cont or blr..nkot; 5, n.pply ico er cold water tc· ho~d 6 • rub oxt romitios · tovmrd henrt t....0 nnd body:• 7. do not givo stimulr.nt. •· provont sh eek; ::-.nd �145. 1.2 r,. Ho\'I would you treat frostbites or freezing? 1.. Rub the affected pa.rt with sno,r 01, cold ,;ra~cr after vrhich use wanner \·1ater gra.dua.lly. Give the patient a li quid si;imula.nt. Do not expose the affected part to hoo.t immediately after having beon frostbitten or frozen. 146. r,, \'/ha.t first-aid troo.tmont ,1ould yot\ u3e for snake bite? ... Snc.ko bite would bo trec.tcd c.s fallows: 1. ;,pply improvised tourniquet just ubovo the v10und botneon tho wound and the heart tight onough to stop tho circulution of tho blood; 2. opon tho holes made by the snu~o•s fangs cutting longthvise of tho limb; 3. let tho blood run fror.i the. cut o.nd a.t the sur.ic tioo rub the v10und ,-,ith tho fingers to dislodge a.ny of tho poison that roL10.ins; a.nd 4. loe,son tourniquot every twenty minutes for fivo seconds. 147. Ct. Monbcrs of class demonstra.to propa.ring u pu.tiont for trr.nsporta.tion, loo.ding on improvised or a.my-type atrotchor nnd tra.nsporting putiont. L �:···· . ········· ................ .. ...... . ................. ....... ... . .... ...... ..................................... . ....... . ........... . ....... . ............. .. ................... . P HE L P S D ODGE C OR P OR A T I ON 3T A G CA N ON I3R j.._ NCH QUESTIONS . .. Dawson , New Mexico April 18, 1927. : ... ............... -.... ......... . .... -...... -.............. .... ... . ......... . ............... -............. . .... ... .......................... -...... . ........ ....... --................ . . L �EXP.i£fiT FI EST AID EY.J.J.lINATIOl-1 1. Wh::,t i c the i.'i rs t t hin:;; c:. f i r s t c. h t m..:.n s hould d o •;:i t h L pe r- ., on thut injur er_:_? SHOCK 1JW i LECTri.IC SiIOCI: L Give G:fIT,fJ"Gom.s 01 :,hock . 2. TTl"<1t c1·.uc e r, :, hocl~? 3. :i.,:XpJ.uiil t he ·(~re '- t :r.ent .:' or f; ho ck 4. Sxplci n e l e c tl·ic 5. :CxpJ.ain hov1 t o re r;cue t:. :::wn £'rort1 :~. li·-, e cJ.e ch'ic ',1i2: e . 1. Ha1t10 t he t h1·ee r.: 02:t COI'..::w n :_:t.s e ::, .found in c oal mine s, 3. Bxplc.!.in how t o d etec t c.:..cl":. 4, ,Sx1)le.in whc..c £:i'i.'e c t Ca:cbon- d.i. oxio.e h.'.:?.s or, the bocty. 5, Explain wlle.t ef :: e ct w1ci o.ct l on Cc.rb on- monoxicJ.c hi:;.s on the body , L Explr.:in 13or.io o.i.' the c.::.u ce r., o.;:· nu' f oc a-:.,ion c,nd e:.r,p:. .yxiat l or: , c:.no. t he t re.:..tment . 3, When c hould 2.:d, i f icL .l re;.pir::cti on b o g:i --1 en? .,,r= . Hm, 101:~; would y ou c ontinue ~-- rtifici :..:.l r e s ~,i r..:..t i or: b8i' or c you ·.-;ould decide t hi~t t here v,e:.s no l".OfJO ? s '.: ock ; v.rhfai. i , d oe s t o the b oei.y c.:.ml hor: t o tre c:.t . DLE80H:GS 1. lfllic.t mL.te1·i o.l i o uGed - :£' 0 1· dros s in 6 ::.; i n I.'irs t cci d 1:rork '? -1- i 3 �_.,. BLEEDING 1. Explain the circulc.tion of t he blood throu;;h the body . 2. What is t he normal puls0 per r.iinute? 3. In vvhn.t nw_nner d oe s t he bood come fr om an a ·tor:r v;hich hn::; been s zv8 rec? 1~. Expla in ca pillo.r y blcdin 6 . 5. Explain 1::lccding i'ro;r. vcirn; . 6. Hov, much blood is i1: the humnn bodJr ·? 7. What is the very fir- st thi n;.:, t o do in c.::...so of a r t er ial bleeding ? 8. Whd are the t!1r e c methoas of contr olling, bl e0di ng ? 9. Explc.in symptoms of intornc..:..l hemorrhc.go and. t r catm0nt . TOUHNI J UE'l'S 1. Wh:.!.t is a tourni c1ue t? 3. In c cnsc of arterial blocd inG ,here do y ou c.ppl y the t ourni 4ue t? 4. Whc.t o.ttcntion must be 6 iven t o c: t ourni c1ue t t ho..t ha.s tho b.lood shut off ? 5. Where do you apply o. tournir~u ::::t f or bloedi n 8 ve i ns ? 6. Point out the points of presr;ure on t h-3 a r teri ~l sy s t en. KNOTS 1. Make c. reef knot. 2. Mo.ke ::t surgeons knot ., SPLINTS 1. For what are splints u~od? 2. From whut materi:.;.l con impr ovis ed Gplints be rriude? 3. Expldn how long f,pllnts should be that are us eu on the extremities and body. 4. · Horr should splintn be pa.ddod for sinplc f ra.ctur::Js? 5. Hov, should splints be paddco. for co1i1pound fracture s ? - 2- �OPEN WOUNDS_ 1. Ho.1 should open v.rounds be trec.ted '? 2. Wh1J.t prec1::.utions should :::. first o.id non take c.•.gninst in.f'ec t ion? BANDAGING 1. How should c.. b.:~do.ge be ,'.\pplioct ovGr ·c. v10U216 ? DRESSINGS FOh VIOUNDS AND BLEEDING Demonstro.te the following cirer.::::; ints encl explain trel!t.ment: 1. Wound and bleeding of the s cu.l :9. 2. Wound und bleeding of tho tC!hlple , 3. Wound und bleeding of tho f or~hes.0. . 4. Dressing i'or injury to the eye , Wound and blooding of the nose , 6. Viound end bleeding of fnce anrJ c!'iin . 7. Vlound nnd bleeding of' neck or tlu·m,t . 8. Wound and bleeding o.f the ec.r. 9. Wound and bleeding of the shoulder. 10. Wound and bleeding of the arI:lpit. 11. .Arm torn from the body. 12. Wound t:.nd bleecling o;.' the a.rr.1. 13. Wound and bleeding of the elbow. . Wound c.nd bleeding of the forec.rn ;.md w1·ist .. 15 . Wound and bleeding o.f the be.ck of the h.:J.nd. 16. Wour..d and bleeding of the pc.lm of the h:md. 17. Vlound und bleedinG o~.;• the fin ger . 18. Wound of enc.l of the fingor·. 19. Wound o.nd bleedine between the shoulc:ers. 20. Wound .and bleecling o.f the buck . �DRESSINGS FOR HOUND8 AND BLEEDING CONT'D 21 - Wound c.n<l bleeding of side of ch'?St. 22. i"found and bleeding of [:.bdo1:1cn . 23 . Wound and bleeclini;~ of 101,,cr pw·t e;f ba ck . 24 . Vlound :md bleeding of the bro::.n. 25. Wound o.nd blood in 6 of t he hip . 26. Wound .md. ble:;ciing of t h0 thiGlL 27. Dressing for umputatcd thiGh or l e ts, 28. Wound and bleedin 5 of t he kn ee . 29. Bleedins from varicose veins of the la i::·~ JO. Wound and bleec1.ing of the le g . 31. Wound and bleeding ol' ankle or heel . 32. \found m:10. bleeding of o..nklG or foot. 33. Wound encl blecc~ing of t he f oot . Wound end blcecling of t he t oo. 35. \found and bleecline of end of the toe. FOJlliIGl.i BODi iS I N TEE :.!~YE HJD TPJiOAT l. Expl,2.in the pr oper t1.·e.:i.tmcnt f er f orei 6n b oc.fos i n t he eye . 2. Explc:.in trec.tment in burns of i.. hc 8ye by chemic o.l c. J. Ex.plain trct~t Nent for :'orelcn b0J i 0.s in windpi pe or thr oat . STn1;rns .AND SPRArns 1. Explain ,,hat c.:.,uses strt.in;:; m1d s pr~ins arm the:: trca tr.ient , DISLOCJ~TIONS Deomonstrate the followin 6 dressings for disloca tions : 1. Dislocation of lmrnr j au~ e.nd how to reduce it. 2. Dislocation of the shoulder, 3. Dislocation of the elbm~,. 4. Dislocr.tion of t.he fin :::;er, -4- �DISLOCLTIO}!S CONT r D 5. Dislocation of knac or kneecap. 6. DislocD..tion of the 11ip. 7. Dislocated ,.nkle. FRACTURS.S 1. Wlw.t is D. fracture? 2. Hoy: mnny kinds of fracture::; ni·e there, from ec first c.id standpoint? 3. Whn.t is the difference betvre:in 2. simple fracture and compoumt fracture? 4. How de you recogni ze a £'rc.0hu·e ·? 5. E.xplain the cure the.t should b e taken in dress ing tJ. simple fracture. 6. Expluin the care a compound frccture should be given when dressing . Deorastro.te ~nd expl c~in the t1:ei.itr-,ent of the f ollowing : 1. Fro.cture of the skull. 2. Fracture of the nose. 3. ~,.. or cheek bone . Fr•[.cture of upper J• '-'-" 4. Fracture o.f the lorrer j c.:N " Frc..cture 0.L the collo.r bone. f • 6. Frc,cture of the shoulde:i:bl.:..de . 7, Fracture of the arm. 8. Frecture of' the eJ.bow. 9. Fracture of the forearm. 10. Fro.cture of the wrist. 11. Fracture of bones ol the hc:.nd . 12. Fracture of the fin~8r. 13. Fracture of the ribs. 14. Fracture of spine. 15. Fracture of pelvi s or haunch bone. 16. Fracture thigh. -5- �FRi,CTURES CONT 1 D. 16. Fracture of tl1e knel') co.p. 18. Fracture of the leg. 19. Fracture of the :mkle. 20. Fracture of t he f oot , t oe, or toes . BUPJrn 1. Explain fully ho•;; to t reat o. bu rn. Deor,iOnstri.:.t e criJ. expluin the f oll ov:in[; dr-e ssin.;;s : 1. Burns of the i'e:.ce:, he o.d , or neck , 2. Burns of the buck . 3. Burns o~· the che st . 4. Burns of the ar ms. 5, B~rns of the bend s . RUPTURE 1. VThut is c.. rupture? 2. Ho'il is c rupture CG.used ? 3. Whl".t is the treG.t ment for u :i:upt ure? ?OISONS Expl~ir. the kine , s yrr.ptoms , and treatr.1ent of the .follonine; pois ons : 1. Lye poison. 2. Bichloride of mercu. . y . 3, Match poison, 4. 1.J.coholic poison , 5. Cm-bolic c.cid poison. -6- �Explcin the syrr.ptoms of Lpoplcxy t~~u trcatffient. Explain symi::-tor:!S ~:nd trectmont c: s-._mstroke. E..'-::plr..in symptoms und trc-mtmcnt for huct exh::,ustion . Expli:..in sy1,1ptons nrnl trea.tnont of frost bites or fruezing. Explain the treutJ.;1 ent for snub., bi tcs. Explc.in symptoms ond treatment for epilepsy . 'l'fi..i.i'-1SPGET.,TION Demonstrate end ox::ile.in the i' ollonin 6 • 1. .Assisting one mr.n ·co Hc.lk . 2. Carrying ~cross be.ck or i'ir-JrJlL"l' s lift. J. C.::.rrying in a.ens. 4. C::..rryin3 D.stridc of' bo.ck . 5. T':10 6. 'Iwo hnnded sec.t ca:rry. 7. C~rrying by extrenities. 8. Bureau of Mines stnndurd lift. 9. Hon to loc,d & puticnt en stretcher} .:.nd how to 01:.rry on stretcher. 16. How to r.iclrn en irq,roi.risecl str·etcher. ;nen c.ssistirig putient to 1-m.lk. -7- �'.0. IO CCPIBS OF P RnBI..ENS AND SOLUTIONS USED F OR FIRS'f AAID HELD DAY JUNE 17 >1938 �MEN 1S PROBLEM NO. 1 Reading time 3 min. Workin<., t ime 10 min. A hitch-hiker is str-uck by an aut Lmo b ile and reoeives t he fr l hwing 1.nJuries: his µppe'r i:i 6 ht extremity is strai 6 hi: and wil.l no"t bend at the elbow, bus i s free to mc-ve at ih c should e r. H~ Cllnplains of gre~i; pain throu ~h the pe l vis, and it is black and blu~ in that area. Blood is spuri.in 0 from a p oint where the bon es of the left leg are prc.trudint t n the inside, midway between the knee and the ankle. 'rr oat and lc.,ad on stretcher but do not transport. JUDGES' SHEET HEN 'S ?RC BLEl/ NO. 1 Li E~ o f injuries : 1. Disloec:..tion of ri~ht blbow. ?. 94 Elbow is sl.rai~ht: should be supported in this position and oound to one splint as described. Fig. 4 3 P. 97. .n. 2. 3. Fracture of pe_lvis , simple. p . 116 ... Supp.ort fracture by plaoing one hand on ~a_c h "}:lip and then passing orie ·wide cr&va-i; . rc.und hips and tying. · i3. Plac(;l patiJnt on well padded board or back ·:spl:i,nt and bind as directed. Jompound fractu"I•e of left leg - _Arterial Bleeding .?. 101 p, 121 - 1~2 A. 4. 5. Check arterial bleeaing at poim bdween wound and heart. Apply tourniquet. B. .Leg should be supported immediately when pratlem is start!3(i. C. Cover wound with compress and cravat ae for W(und of leg P. 82 and 83. Alter position of knot so &s not to interfere with splints. D. Apply splints as described?. 121 - 122, She. ck. P. 23. Treat throughout problem. Load on stretcher any type after testing. No discounts should be given for doing more than problem calls for unless it is injurious to patient. �MEN' 3 P:ROBLEM NO. 2 Re ~dinL time 3 ruin. WGrkin~ time 11 min. A mo~orm~n is rolled beneath a car and receives the following injuries: the bones in the right foot are crushed; a wound on the palm of the left hand where bu n e enas arti notbd ; there is~ soft lump in the left ~r ~in; a cu~ Gne inch long on the ri~ht elbow; scalds of the left foot, .L eg and thigh t L even with the crotch. patient unconsc:i.ous, legs t-utstretched. JUDGES' SHEET, MEN 'S PRO BLEM NO. 2 Li st of injuries: 1. Sim~le fracture, rit ht f oot, P. 123 - 1 24. Supp ~rt fra ctured foot a nd bind to one spiint as directed, 2. Cumpound fracture left hand. p. 109 - 111. Wound on palm of hand. No arterial bleeding. Suµport fracture, .dress wound a.s • for wound of palm of hand. p. 69 -:: 70. Apply splint as dirE;i.ct ed. 3, Cut one inch long on right elbow p, 67, Fig . 26 B . , p, 68. Cover with cc.mpress and cravat as directed. 4. Rupture. p. 135 - 137 Raise knees. Apply cold packs. Ji'?. bandag es to be applied over lumi). 5. Scalds - left foot, leg and thigh up to even with crotch. Cover burn with dampened picr-ic aoid gauze and cover with series of bandages as for wounds of foot P., 83, Leg. p, 82 ·- 83. Knee P. 81 and Thigh P, 79, 6. Shock, l>, 23, P.atient unconscious. Give no stimulants internally. Carry on c.omplete shook treatment throughout problem. NOTE: All fract.ures must be supported, all wounds and burns must be given ~mm.adiate att!,lntion. Care must be exercised in handling burned meml:)si,p in aseptic ma.nner, that is, cover hands with picric acid or plain gauze. Olp,thing sho.uld be removed from burned a.r ea ;_,Q~ ann.ounc.em~nt made that it has been remov ad. �(' . MEN I S T'R0 BL11vi No. Reading ~ime 3 ffiin. 3 Working time 8 rr~nutes. :f ollowing an autcroobile accident a man is found in the following condition: ratient conscious, pulse rapid and weak with cold sweat standing out on his forehead; the patieht complains of sharp pain as he exhales and a black and blue area is noted over the seventh rib, left side. Blood is spurting from a wound on the inside of the left fo reann three ( 3) inches above wrist ; both eyes are burned by the solution from the car battery; the first and second finger of the right hand are dislocated at the second joint and the seoond finger on that hand is skinned and bleeding. Treat and transport patient 25 feet. Return to original position and unload. Two blankets and two lengths of pipe is the only first-aid material the team members have. All other must be improvised. Team has drinking water. JUDGES' SHEET, MEN'S PROBLEM NO. 3 List of injuries: NOTE: No first-aid material available except two blank~ts, and 2 lengths of pipe. l. Fracture of ribs. p. 111 - 113, Fig. 49 P. 114. Belts or strips of clothing, blanket or such material may be used to bind the ribs as directed. 2. Wound on inside of the left foreann. Arterial Bleeding. A, Bleeding must be checked by digital pressure and this pressure held until completion of problem or improvised tourniquet applied at one of the pressure points between heart and wound. B. Wound should not be covered - sinoe no steralized material is available. Wound should be guarded and toeun should be discounted if blankets or other material touches wound during problem. J. Burns of both eyes. Chemical. p. 125. A, Turn patient's head to side and wash freely with water 4. Dislocation of first and second fingers second joint on right hand. P. 96 - 99. Pislocation on first finger should be reduced. Dislocation on second finger should FOt be reduced due to wound. Guard and support finger with wound on. Care should be exercised to handle this wound in an aseptic manner as is explained under 2B wound on foreann. 5, Shock ?. 23, Lower head, cover patient, rub extremities, loosen tight clothing and remove foreign material from mouth. All shock treatment to be given without regular first-aid material. 6. Transportation. Load patient on improvised stretcher and transport 25 feet. original position. Return to �SCOUTG TIE PROBLEid P,.::, id i n~ time 3 minutes. Working t in:e 10 minutes. A child is playing wii.h a detonator (blasi;ing cap) when it e.xplodes. The four (4) fingers of the left hand are blown off with arterial bleeding; there i s a compound fracture of the right forearm, cone does not protrude, midway ·oetween the wrist and the elbow. Thti cut i::; one (1) inch long on the inside of the forearm. Ne, arterial bleeding; the ·left eye is injured and bleeding. There is a cut approximately two (2) inches long across the lower abdomen une (1) inch directly below the naval. No internal hemorrhage. NOTE: Dress the left hand in the form of a fist. JUDGES t SHEET scours TIE PROBLEM 1. 2. J. Arterial bleeding , le ft hand, Amputated fingers, le f t hand. Compound fracture right forearm. 4. 5. 6. Bleeding left eye. Cut across abdomen. Shock. SOLUTION 1. Arterial bleeding left hand. P, 46 - 47. A. Apply digital pressure followed with tourniquet placed at the wrist, elbow, or arm pressure points. 2. .Amputated fingers, left hand. J,.,. Apply compress or gauze over ends of fingers. B. Cover with an open triangular bandage as for wound of hand. Fig. 28 P. 72, P. 70 • 3. Compound fracture right foreann. Support fracture until dressed. B. Prepare and apply tourniquet loosely at pressure point. C. Apply compress and cravat as described Fig. 26A P, 68. D. Apply well padded splint arched for fracture as described P, 108 Fi5 . 4 7 P . 110. 4. Bleeding left eye. A. Cover eye with cumpress and cravat as described P, 59, Fig.19, P. 60. 5, 6. A. Cut across abdomen. Apply compress and dress ae described P, 74. A. Fig. 32 P. 77, Shook. p. 23. A. Place patient in comfortable position head down. B. Remove foreign substances from mouth. C. Wrap in blankets, clothing, etc. D. Give stimulant_?:fter bleeding is controlled. E. Rub lower ext r er1rl:t i es toward the heaiC- ·--~ F. Apply heat application. �SENIO R SCOUT PH.OBLEJ:C i! C. 1 Reudin g time 3 min. Workin 6 time 10 min. A boy is inj ure d in a cb.r wrack and t h e fo llowing sy:npturr.s and inj uri.e.; ~re observbd: breathing is shallow and feeb l e ; e yes a r e dull with large pu?ils; c ov erect with cold sweat a r.d answers questions slowly. He is lyin~ straight, is able tu move his heaci, a r ms and sh ou lders, but is pa ralyzed from the waistline down. He has a cut twt ( 2) inches long across the cent er of the forehea.d; a cut two (2) inches lon6 across pal m of l ef t hand spurting blood, and & cut two (2) inches long also spurtin g blood, on the inside of the right arm four (4) inches above the point of the elbow. Treat, load on stretcher and transi)ort 25 feet and return to original positio n . JUDGE'S SHEET, SENIOR SCO UT PROBLEM NO. l List of injuries; 1. Fracture (simple) of spine. p. 113. Prepare splints and bind patient to same as directed . 2. Wound two (2) inches long center of forehead. p . 58. Cover wound with c 0rnpress and cravat as directed. 3, Wound un palm of left hand. P. 69 - 70. ~r~erial Bleeding P, 46 - 47, Check same at one of pressure points between wound and heart by digital pressure. Apply tourniquet at praasure point between wound and heart. 4. Wound two (2) inches long inside right arm four (4) inches above elbow. p, 67, Fig. 26A, p, 68. Arteri~l Bleeding. P. 46 - 47, Check arterial bleeding by digital pressure at pressure point between wound and heart (either above wound in arm, in arm pit, or subclavian above collar b<,ne). Apply tourniquet, between wound and heart. 5, Shock. P. 23, Raise head until bleeding on forehead i5 considered checked by compress. Then head should be lowerGd. Remove foreign material fromIIDuth of patient, cover pt!tient, rub extremities, administer stimulants, remove tight clothing. 6. Load patient tn any type stretcher and transport 25 feet. n 172. �SENIO 't SCOUT '."':l0BL.iil: NO. 2 Re ....ding -cime 3 min. v~orking time 10 min. T!'eat tha fel l owing H lJU ries: simple fracture of lower jaw; compound fracture with arterial bleeding right thi gh on inner side two ( 2) inches abovo knee; cut on th e top (instep) of left foot. Pa tient unconscious in state of shock. JUDGES' SHEET SENIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 2 List of injuries: 1. Fracture of lowbr j~w. p. 105 . 2. Comµound fracture right thigh, arterial___~le~<:!_i_?!li wound two inches above knee, inner sicie. p. 118 - 119. 3. Wound on top of instep left foot. 4. Shook, P, ?. 83. Fig. 39 P. 85. 23. All fractures must pe supported frum beginning of problem until splints or bandages are applied. Arterial bleeding must be cheoked at once by digital pressure and tourniquet applied. Shock treatment must be continued throughout problem. �SENI OR SCOUT "."'R0 .3LEM NO. 3 Re aa ing time 3 min. Working ti:ne 10 min. a :nun is f ound unoonscio us, a ppa.rentl:r not breat hing, lying on his back a cross a n elect ri c wir e . He has bu rns t wo ( 2 ) inche s wide across the palm an · ins:;..ci e of fi ng ers of ri ght hand ; bu r ns on e (1) inch wi d e a cr')SS back nec. r to p of shoulde rs. Demonstr ate t hree met hods of " shorti:1~•1 . dr • "cutt inf, off " electric current bcf ora re1LOving patient from wire, then res u scitate by all team members ( exce pting patient) performing artificial 1· es piration f or one minute each, ma king a proper chan ge of operators. P E,tient res um es breathing after team has p erf 0r med artificial respiration but does not regain consciousness. Treat. JUDGES' SHEE T SENIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 3 Lis~ of injuries: P. 135. 1. Burns 2 inches wide across palre and fingers right hand. 2. Burns l inch wide across back - top of shoulders. 3. Artificial Respiration - Prone pressure method. P. 33, 34, 35. A. Three methods of shorting or cutting off current must be demonstrated before artificial respiration is started. E. All members excluding the patient must perform artificial respiration and operators must change without breaking rhythm. 4. Shock. P. 23. Shock must be treated during the entire pr0blem in addition to the removal of foreign objects from mouth and loosening tight clothing before starting artificial respiration. NOTE: p. 128 . Fig. 30. p. Burns must be covered with picrio acid gauze or a suitable substitute and care must be taken to place gauze between fingers. It should be announced that gauze is first dampened if dry type is used, 75. �JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEi'M NO. 1 Rea.ding tirr.e 3 min. Working time 10 min. On a hike a acou~ slips and · falls over a ledge and r eceives the following inj uries: Fracture of the ·right collar bone; a cut -~wo (2) inches long, spurting bright red blood , on the bottom (arch) of the right foot; and a simple frac t ure of the lower jaw, right side. The patient is unconscious throughout the problam and suffering from shock. Treat and prepare for transportation, but do not load on stretcher. JUDGES' SHEET JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEM NO .1 List of injuries: 1. Fracture of right collar bone. P. 105, Fig. 42, P, 95. Support right arm and f orearm and bandage as directed. 2. Wound 2 inches lon 6 , bottom of right foot. P. 83, Fig. 40. ~. 86. A, ARI'ERIAL BLEEDING. P. 47. Check bleeding by digital pressure at pressure point between foot and heart. Apply tourniquet at any one of the points. 3. Simple fracture of lower jaw. Ri 0 ht side. P. 105. Support fracture to prevent movement and apply bandage aa directed. 4. Shook. P, 23. Continue shock treatment throughou~ problem. JUNIOR SCOUTS PROBLEM NO. 2 Reading time 3 min. Working time 10 min. A man is injured in an automobile wreck as follows: simple fracture of skull on right side of head; a cut two ( 2) inches long in the right arm pit, with dark red blood oozing from the wound; a simple fracture of the left lag; the patient is conscious but· his mind is wandering, his hands and feat are oold, and his face covered with cold perspiration. Treat and transport 15 !eet on improvised stretcher. JUDGES' SHEET JUNIOR SOOUTS PROBLEM NO. 2 List of injuries: 1. Fracture ·of skull, right side of head. Raise head, GIVE NO STIMULANTS. P, 104. 2. Wound in right arm pit. 3. Simple fracture of left leg. 4. Shock. p. 23, Give no, stimulants. Raise head. Cover patient, rub extremities, apply hot pads, bricks or hot water bottles, etc. Continue treatment throughout problem. Veinoua bleeding. P. 63. Fig. 25 P. 65, P, 121 - 122. �JTJN IOR SCOUTS PrtCBLEM NC. 3 1 eading time 3 min. 1i/o rking tirr.e 10 min. Treat th e fo l lowinb 1nJ1.1ries: Cc.. rnpound f rac"t u re of t he le f t thigh, spurting blood, t wo incnes (2 ) above knee; a compo und fr a ct ure of the left hand, wound on ba ck of han d with 0n l y v eno us bleeding; dislocation of second fins er of right hand. Patient i s unco nscio us. JUDGES' SHEET, JU NIOR SCOUT PROBLEM NO. 3 List of inj uries: 1. Compound fracture 18ft thigh. p. ll 8 - 119 - 120. A, Arterial Bleeding . p. 46 - 47, Support f racture of thigh. Check bleeding by digital pressure at point either in thigh above wound or in groin. Apply tourniquet. Apply bandage compress and crav at as for wound of thigh Fig. 36 P. 81. Alter position of knot so as not to form pressure over wound. Apply splints as directed. 2, Compound fracture left hand - Venous bleeding. P. 109-111 Fig. 48 p. 112. Cover wound with compress and triangular bandage as for wound on back of hand. P. 70 - 71. Fig. 28 P . 72. Apply tourniquet a"t pressure point between hand and heart but do hot tighten. Apply splint as directed p, 109 - 111. 3. Diol ocation second finger right hand. P, 96 - 98. Demonstrate method of reducing finger dislocation. 4. Shock. P. 23, No bandage required. �I NSTRUCTOR' S ·ourLINE OF BUREAU OF I\ffiJES STAND!!.lID :F IRST-AID COUP.SE Le s s on No. 1. [ 1. Roll ca ll. 2. Bri ef t aJk on purpose , effects , · and benefit s of: fir s t aid. 3. Bri ef talk on anat orey of human body . (UsA charts.) ( a) Ske l "t on ( b ) J oints . ( C) Mus c l Ps •{d ) T0ndons ("' ) Slci n 4. Shock . rne ~e rvous syst om (b , Phy s i ca l shock ; cau se. and .e ffe ct ( c ). Tr£- at me nt for sho ck ; use of stimulant s ( a) 5. Artificial r esp i r ation. (a ) Th9 lung s and r e spi r ation (b) Need fo r artifi c ial r espiration (i) El e ~t r i c Shock ( 2 ) Ga s poi soning (~3) Drmrning (.;) As,hyxiation (c) Description and d monstration by instructor of Scha0f e r and Sylv<=!st0r mr-~ thods of a rtificial r e spiration and how to· change op erators without breaking ~hytbm. 0 I (d) Class practic e i n both rr£thods of artificial r0spiration and chan3P. of opP.rators. 6, Bandages and compres ses . (a) Des~ ribe and show class triangul.:J.r bandag~ and ccmpre sse s am, stow Us9 . (b) Pas s out t : ·::.r,:·,,81 1lar bandage s. (c) De scribe anj u.-=-··u'Jnstrate method of folding cr avat bandage. (d) DP. s ~1·ibe a:-1d de:n0nstrate method of tying square knot. ( 8 ) Hav~ ~lass practic~ folding cravat bandag0 and tying squa r e knot. �Control of blee ding , 7. (a) E;,...'})lain th P he ar t and l·ts a ction. (Us e chart. ) 1 d (b) De s crib,?. c irculation and time it talc e s p er son to b ee to d~atho · 11 ( C) De s cribe symptoms of art e rial, VP.inous and c ap1 ary bleP.ding. (d) Desc rib8 method s of controlling bleeding by L!'lsson No. 2 l. Roll call. 2. Give complete r eview of previous lesson with special emphasis on shock, artificial respiration, and control of bleeding. (1 ) Cold app lications 3. ( 2) :E: l civation (3) Di rPct pr8ssure . (~ ) Di gital prP-ssure ( 5 ). Tour niqu.:~t Pas s out bandages and compresses and, if previous lesson has not be en comple ted, finish it. 4. Wound s . (a ) De scribe wounds. (e) Point out _pressur e points on th e art e rial s y s t e_m and de::non s t rat P control of bleeding by di g it a l p ressure . ( Use chart. ) (f) EXDluin to cla s s tourniq_uP.t a'ld improvise d t c urniquP. t, ;,her.. and horr to use , and da nge r of not loo s ening -at 2O-minut e int e rvals. (.~) Demonstrat ;::, a:pplication of tournique t to pre s sur e points. (h) Have c la s s apply tournique ts to all pres s ure poi nts . 8. (1) Incise d ( 2} Laceratl?d (3 ) PuncturEl d (b) Desc ribe treatment for wounds, dange r of infection, and ho\1 to guard against infection. ( c ) Instructor demonstrate and have class practic e dressings for the follow:i,ng ,:rounds:_ Roll Call. NOTE: ( l} m~ad, temple, , face, or P.ar (2) Forehead (3) Er ( 4) NosP. (5) Chin (6) Ne ~k (?) Shoulder . (8) Armpit (9) Arm torn from body (10) Amputation of arm or forearm ( 11) Arm ( 12) Elbow ( 13 ) .For0arm .. ( 14) Wrist . . (15) Palm of hand . (16) Back of.hand (l?) FingEH . (18) End of fing8r (19) Be tw~er. shoulde rs (20) Back, ch&s t, side, or abdomen (21) Lo we r part of abdomen, back, or buttocks (22) Groin •( 23) Crotch The work of th~ instructor will be gre atly fa c ilit at e d by using practical or actual examples nh eP. l e cturing to c lass on value of first aid; for example ; give instanc e s . TThe rP. · life has beP.n saved by artificial r e spiration, c ontrol of ble eding, et c . The us e of practical illustrations s uch as the VP.ntilation of a mine or the flo,- of wat e r through a city wat 1;r syst P.m nill assist the class to .grasp mor"' clP:irly th<? cirr:!ulntion of blood through .the art e ries, capillari e s, and v8ins. First-aid charts should be frE'! e ly us ~d in lecturin~ on anatomy, c irculation of blood, control of bl~ ~ding , P. tc. 5. -2- Roll call. -3- �Lesson No. 3 1. Roll call. 2. Give complet e .rEwi,m of previous lP.ssons ,1ith special emphasis on shock, artificial· rP.sl).iration, an_d control of blee ding. (a) Describe symptoms nnd treatmnt of 3. Pass out be.ndc.ge s and compre sses and, if previous l e sson pas not beP.n complet 0 d, finish it. (1) Simple fracturP.s · (2) Compound fractures 4. Continu~ demonstrations and hs:ve class pract'ice dre ssing for thP. follorring nounds: 9. .. 5, (24) Hip (25) Thigh (26) Amputated leg or thigh . .. (.27 -) Kn.P. e (28) Leg (29) Ankle or foot . .. ( 3()j TOP. , (31) End of toe (b ) Explain danger of moving persons or not dressing fractures. (c ) D8mon.rtrnte and hnve class practice dressings for follouing fr o.ctur e s: .. ( 1) Skull (2) Nose ( 3) Ja.rr (4) Coller bone ( 5) Shoulde r bladP. (6) Arm (? ) Rlbou (8) Forearm (9) Wrist ( 10) Hand ( 11) Fingers ~ ·• .. :. ' I Describ e and ~xplain trea.tment ,of .-·· (a) For.,ign bodiP.s in eye (b) II II ear " ( C) nose " " " (d) windpipe or throat " " " (o) II II " stomach 6. Fractures. 10 . Roll call. Describe treatment and symptoms o.f (a) Bruise s (b) Strains (c) Sprains 7. 8. Dislo~ations. (a) Dcsr.ribe symptom d s an treatment for dislo""'t1· (b) Describe an d- E":X:Ol!!in t . ."'"" on· •. ~o.tion of' l .: . symp oms and trentment fQ_ r ·disloO\,er J'lV/' fingers, and toes. Demonstro..to and hei.ve Cb·" "", - . disloca.t ions: • • • • ."'s pru.,c tice dressings for,- following ( a.) Lo•:rer ja17 ( ft (b) Should"r a. er b~ing reduced) {r!) Elborr (d) Hip ( P.) KneP. or kneeca.p - 4 - - 5 - �Lesson No. 5 Lesson No. 4 1. Roll call. 2. GivP. <'.omp lcte revinw of prP.vious lessons with spPcial i:>mphasis on shock, s.rtiffoial r espiration, control cf bleP.ding, and treattr.ent for 1;'our..ds. 3. Pas s 0ut bundage s and compresses, a~d if previous l0sson has not · t0"n complc;t ed; finish it. 4. l:iemonst rat0. and ·have .- clas·s ·p:ra:ctice •follor,ing dre ssings for fra c turs s: 1. Give revieu of previoUs lessons Tti th special emphasis on shock, artificial respiration, control of bleeding, treatment ror"" ,:rounds, dislocations, and fractUl'P.s. I ( 12) Rib ( 13) 0pinc ( 14) F<i lvis ( 15) Thigh ( 16) Kne cap (17) Leg (18) AnklP. ( 19) Foot or toes 0 5. Burns or sca 1rls 0 (a) Des crib e burns or s calds and treatment. (b) De s cribe burns of the P.yP. by nh P.mi cals. ( C) Demonstrate and havP. class practice for burns: follor:ing dressings (1) HPad (2) Fae"! ( :5 ) Ne'!k (4) Arm ( 5) l~orearrn ( 6) Hand (7) Body (8) Tl".iGh (9) Lo g ( 10) Foot 6. Roll call. Roll call. I I ~ I l 3o Pass out bandage s and compresses , anf if p~vious lesson has not be'3 n c ompleted, fi:p.ish it. 4. De scr ib e symptoms and treatITBnt of: (a ) Rupture (b) Poisons ( 1)· Corrosive poisons (2) Irritant . poisons (3 ) .Alcoholic poisoning or apoplexy ( c ) Fainting '· . ( d) sunstrok~ . (e) Heat exhaustion ( f) Frostbite or ·rreezing. ( g) Snake .: bite • .5 • . Transportation (a ·) Brie f talk .o4:,transpo·rtation.. . one, two, and three.•(b )° Demonstrate_ illld have class .practice • man carries , · '. (c(Describe types. of· stretchers ( 1 ) ArriJ..Y _i t ret che r (~) Navy ··stretcher ( 3 y '.Improvised strAtchers class practice making improvised (d) Demonstrate and h~ve stretchers stretcher drill ( 1) Fall in count off procure stretcher To pati~nt - • ft patient ~~ce stretcher under patient , ti"'nt on stretcher Louer pa ,, r, strAtcher ( 8) ,arry tret~her ovar obstacle , P) carry s ( 10) LOF1or stretcher ( 11) Load in ambulance ( 12) Unload stretcher ( 2) ( 3) (4) (5) ( 6) ( 7) - 7 - �f>. DividP. class into teams,; 7. Give t9ams problP-ms and train teams how to ,1ork prnblems and ,_. p2rf~rm t""a.m uork •. ,-_r • · I· 8;;_ -~u~;'f:Fci_~f_hg_·,-~.a-_·e_~~-t~r~~1:1 l',f ·c 1~-s~_. 1?Y Bure au of Mines instructor. ; . ' . j ·.' .• •. ~- •: : • -~ NOTE: :· , , . • f• , l ' l~ This outline is tc be followed by Bure au of Mines instructors and :k;e.y m,.:? n . in t;i;-ain,i ng :f-~rst-aid classes.. ThP. l<?ssons, a s outlfoea.; a:::- c~ly suggestions as to th~ scope of e a ch lesson and ar? basPd on 3 hours ~ctual workin~ time . Loc al c onditions as t0 l ength cf time of mee;tings may change the amount of the ccu:-sP. r:hi~h ca!!. br-> covere·d p0 r 19 sson. The c la ss may, there fore, be st;0ppf' d at any point in thP. l f:'s sons as long as thP. entire subjf'1ct matt 2r is covered dui-ing the course. The · _s e qu~nc 0 of th-?. outline as _,to subjects and mat erial must, hoTTever; be striC'.tly follor;cci. All subj ~c ts, dre ssings~c.·, • • must b0 ta.1-cen -up in th ,i order as giv"n in the out line , revier;s held as noted, and roll cull he ld at beginning and e nding of .~ ach meet ing. 0 ~ ,. ,. 1. I j I - 8 - � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/7ad05e539bc0c4ae21470c20e5e0bb3e.pdf dff3ec84d3a497b68837cf6c253f3128 PDF Text Text FALLS C'F ~0/)F ~t'D 1j() .\1 - in the - J. 1:1. Paul and E. '1'01.tlinson �■ Page 1nt r oductior: L T.'ining method as it effects r oof acti on ,rnd ro of fd ls No. 4 r.'lii1e, ¾ck Sp:dl1'.:; S Entry Stumps and ch a in pillars l'-b o 8 Hit!e, Rock Springs Entry stumps :rnd c!- a i n pill nrs l\10. 1 Relience Mine !foo 3 T!.ine, \'iinton C r.~i!1e, Superior 2 ."timberin£; pn;.ctice &s it af :ects sa f et y r;:o. 4 !:i n s, Rock Springs 1To1tries ?-o oms Pillars l'b . 2- ."!inc, ~ck S rin r.s fl:o o Entries Lo ng f a cesPill a !·s J lfir1e , ~e l i an c e - C 1 2 2 2 ~ 4 5 7 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 Ent r i es 12 Ro oms 12 12 Pil lRr s i"Jint o n :.:fr e tTo o 3 8 ritries L~ l'!S Fa ces and roo ms Sv.p e l."i or En~ r i e s and slopes ::to oms 3o?:o f te.:t ir:g a s it i ndicates m1sound or unsafe roof 4. Su!_erv.:.sic n P. s it affects efficiency ir1 operntion and safet y Tr. e 1::t -'.:itude of the \·:ork~~en trnd the bosseu· J oSp; fety org en iz atio!'l 6 0 Sv.p e z-visio 11, n s it relates to roof hazards 7. c nt"l u sic n s A~:rno•,:lcci;:; ieut s 13 13 13 1,i l -<14 , c:' -✓ 16 17 18 19 22 23 �FALLS OF Rn .,F AND COJJ., Gl~N5:'1ALLJW RF.PORT ON HIM3S OF Th"E UNION PACI FIC C0.41 CN\'P AHY -in t he- - Ry- This i s a co nf i ci en tiHl report o!'! t he mines in the P.ock Sprine;s a11d S 1perior d i stricts , ':Iyoming , operated by the Unior1 Pacific Ccal Gcir:p (>r. y a11d is the 1·esult. of a study med e durine; J 8nue i·J, 1930, in the unde rgr·ou: d ope1·et i ons relntirlf·; to roof hazards and roof support. The several rLinEs are discu s sed under the cA.ptions of, l. r,~ining i~ethoti a s it af fAc ts roof actio n a nd roof falls; 2. Ti□berine practice c s i t affects safE?ty; 3. Rc of testing as it indic &tes unu s uE' l or unsafe roof; 4 ·s::.fet}'i 0 SupErvisior. ~- s it affects efficiency in ope P.tio 1~ and 5. Srfet y o re;1m iz atio11; 6. Supervision v.s it r el etes to roof haze.rcls; a11d 7. "Jon cl usions ,rnd e.c1':no 1··l ed gmer.ts. The subsb::11ce of the several captions of this repo rt 1.":e1·E: discuss ed ,,it. r. r.~r. Eu~ene !.!cAulif fe , President, I'r. Geor[e B. Pry1 :: , 'lic e President General I5rurnge r, pnd r.~r. I. K. Bayless, 11.ss i st r·r.t. ne:nen,.l ?'rl!~~ e r; tii'!ci "'"' C.l a . .. ' .,.._ +i,, .., <; I,. \,, u.i • ...-.. conelusion o f the stud~', e. mer'.'oror.c:u1 ·1 -·i inr ~ svu ,:, • -1- ..... of �The rco m and pillar metho d of !!lining is employed, slopes advro1cing t o the dip, e ntri es 0 11 th e s trike, and rooms advancing on the face slips, v:h ic h run about 45 0 th e entry advances . o ff the strike, rooms being turned and advanced as Room pill ars nre r.'ithdrawn or robbed v:hen the roo:ns have adv anc ed t h e re ciuired d istP.nce. At times blocks of room pi l u·s 2re beinE: v!i thd r ai:r11 on th e same entry, 1,000 to 1,200 feet apm~t , This practice ,;rill tend tc tbrov.r ur-du pr essure o:'l -~e . P..dvan cing ro om haulage entry~ r,ro definfr.te pill::i_r li ,ee ~-.re mai i1tE:.L 1ec:i , and exc es siv ely v,ide areas are alvm.ys presento Entnr st u.t:1us 2nd ch:=tin 1iille.rs : ?fo reg ul ar 'ree : lin es a re established, the imr.-,ediate supervisor of t his r:ork being a ti1ub err.:2.n o!." shot-fir er under- th e direction of the mine fo 1·e:.:e.h, \-:b: d ir e cts the ope::-a.tio,1 cf '1. ithcl.ra1:i r1g the pill nrs to tl--e bGst o· his 1•bility e.s the ·situe.tion erise::;o :Vo p reconc e ived plAn, or method of attacl~, i s l a i d out by the Engineering Dep art r:2011 to Through lFtck of metr.od, i.ralue.bl e ~oal is lo st, and ex cessively \'iide eree.s a re p roduced, \'ihicr: nre i' 2vorable to nc ci6.ents from falls of roof r,r.c1 co r-,lo By adopting a ph in or mini11g _;ethod laid out by the engine ering staff s uited tc• t}.e prevailin;:; co nrit ion s , v £r0Atly increased recc)very c,f ccal \'iculd result. A flystematic r.'.1 .t hod of roof supnort mFly be Rdopte ci , and 'ha zerds th et rr:ay result fro rr: fa ll s · in meny c~_ses may be redu.ced. -2- �Noo 8 nneLRock Springs The lo ng face method of mining is employed. ~oms or g atev,ays 100 fe et apart are advanced up the pitch from the caving entry, of the strike entries, t o t he caving entry of the st1'ike, entry above, a distance of appro i me.tely 300 feet. A l ong f ac e is tr.en ma.de by takint e. seri es of slebs up e.nd ci o·~,!'l the pitch p11d ndvancing on the- strike to the next g a.t e, .~y or roo m, oft en l e a vi 1~G a s mall pillar varying from 6 to 30 feet befo:::-0 th e nex t g-o. tetwq is rea ch ecl . ad·,,an ces . Th ese long faceG nre advanced 2.s the entry It is ofte n the pra ct ic e to '\'.iork one long f ~ce i11bye ~!'l c2 t h e e.d j o i ni ng lor..r; fac e out by e . 'l'his practice cre!?_tes H sEJrious roof haze.rd , and is c on ducive t o so-ce l led ' 0 bumps 11 , and the falling of apparently sound ro of o While t his practic6 mr::y 2.ppe a r economical ., through elimine.ting th e nec ess ity of r.ioving a hoist or ot·her equipment, ~he money saved· from not h1:..vin13 to move tlie hois t may be paid out 10 times through the occurrenc e of Ct fc.tal ncc iclent . The r.ia j crity of th ese lo~g f~ces tire ,;orked .by scraper. Hov;ever, c ,1e place \"!a s observeci v:hich ,.'as bein~ i: 1 crked by e. Duck-Bill E:..nd Sh ak er Conveyor. \'lh il e e. Duck Bill e.lloi:1s closer re of support, this edvanta;:;e is c or::p l e::tely lo st due to the fact th at it t F.'. kes fror,1 2 to 3 days to cl enn vp e. f ~c e 0 The result is that th e bo.d roof co ndition ca.used by slo w cpere.tion is al:mys r.ioving up with the ,10rkir1g fe.ce, an d · creates -at times a v ery dfli1ferous co nd ition, clue to rnen v_rorkinf Ul'ld e r be.d roof, v;hich i s very diff icult to support. If Duck Bill E.l'lcl Shaker Conveyors ~re to be used in long f P..C t:.JS , th e lo n1:;; fac e s r. oulr.i be cut dos:t!'l in length, th at it may be clenned up i n one shift, an d a cor.tinuous movr:rNrnt r::e.de. -3- I t is believ E:d by tre �'l':riters that by follovring out this practice in cutting do vm the size of the face , that dan g erous roof conditions 1:JOuld be altogether elimin11tecl i n these faces , du.e to the fact th d closer 1·oof protection can be civen to -u ~e wen y:0:-k ing on the conveyors. A system£Jt ic advan ce plan, either i nbye or outbye, would to a lerge d egree pre,;ent sudd en outbursts of ro of th at r.1ay result in a fatality. It is not r eas ona ble to believ 0 thc>t it is sound practice to advance <. - c ce ir.b,e 70 or 30 feet fr om a g nt e~ay , t~e n to skip one gate~ay and sta1·t :i l onl,"; fA.ce , advanc i ng outbye , dep ending on the pillar in the cent e r to he l d th e ro of i nte.ct ,.,:ith the dn of post·ing . f'bout by mi n ing con it i or.s o %of mover.1ent brou~ht thi s 1-.ind not only has its affect on the i IG:~ ea i r t e v:orki :n~: f2.c e , but also l:o.s its effect on the entries above a.r.d 1:·elo'.'l throush the '!lrevrmti c..n cf c. co mplet P. ca.ve or settlement of the roof measu!"es by a small pi l l ar~ The life of the mine may be gree.tly endan- gered by practices of this kind . Ent rv stur11ps anc chairi pillars : No regular breal~ l i i1Bs ar e established ir1 this r.,ine., The uork is per-fer 1ed by n:en lo2.d il'1t i11tc '"'- northern conveyor, often tY:o machines r:or;cinr; IO or 15 feet epa1~, '.'Jhich crentes so much noise that it is practicBlly iI!ipossible to hear any warnitl[ of rouf movenent tl: a.t r::fy te civE.n c..ff. r!.er. loatiint: orrto these northern conveyors are in a number of ca.ses dependent 1.1pcn a t irn ben.1~J1 or a forems.n to test the roof l'!nd to place \':hr>t E;ver pos ts ..fty b e necesso.ry for their safety. Ee.c h unit shoul<1 be provided 1::ith tools ner:esa a.ry to plr,c r- u t l'I ion r:,,· pest \"?h er :::-e,.~uirec', -~J-i.i;;; ... l l o•.'. i ni_ these n:en to depend p,,. rtiru.ly on th err.selYes for -4- �their safety rather than 0 .,,_" a supervisor • or a timbermem, al 1 -'-h 1, e t·irne. The r oom and pillar panel method of minin g is here employed, panel s l opes be i ne; advan c ed dov:n t he dip, and rooms25 to 30 feet wide being ic.d :.11ced on the strike on 50 to 60 feet c_e nters. 1-'ihen the rooms have 'ee1-: a dvanc ed their rec;uired di st~n ce, the pillar is v.1ithdra.v111. I n mb . 2 Pane l off 8 !l:orth, true -oillar robbing is being exercised, at the c os t of rruc!-1 lo ss of co,:,l anc1. some track E.nd ties. rr~~i ~g ~ethods Kt t his panel should hRve ~roduced 501 more co a l, but the ro of haz a rd cre ated by the s ystem used makes the recovery of the r e1:1ai11it1E co al i mp ractic able. P't 001:1s i n some instances were found 40 tc 50 feet ,·;idf?., he ad co&l s it>nd inp; and ribs slabbed in spots. While there is no remedy for the present condition of this penel, the poor recoYery ii, it should !)1'0mpt future pen els to be develo p ed on e definite p l~ n t hat •::oul c1 0ssure grer.t''T recov0 1--y under se.fer roof conditic,y1s. Such P.. p l an , ·oul d involv e the driving on si:::;hts \';ith a pre-determined room end pill ~x ,i <l t h o.l'id systematic ~ernoval of tlrn pill<1rs ty the pocket c.nd atucp , or, as it i s often ca.lled, the pocket and curtain. Such a aethod ~ould s ~v ~ th e los s of co a l w~ich no~ t akes place on the low sid e of mr-~ny 1~oor-.s, i11 so rnP Cl'l ses 3 to 4 feet in thickness . i'Jhile the plan sug~·ested is in the interest of economy and extendinf t he life of · the ru ine, i·t ~ou 11 r A 1 so r-:.dd +o - 1·+.,, -- s"fety, as rel at ed to r o of lia.w rds. 0 • l l ,:.as !)ropos~.,d bvJ o"'e nss1· st~, n~ i orF-mer. t o The plan •1:,', J.C " o-r- +.'ne - re move th e se p illf,rs , o:;.; outlined in e pre vious re, ort ha s not been C8rr i ed a ut. 01 1 this n.i nf- , In f P.ct, it c..pp ee.1·s ttr-t no pl nn or s yster.1 -5- �has be en fol l o,1ed, ex cepting to s kip the p.illFL r, get \'1hr1.tever easy co a l may ue in re~ch, and ab e.ndon the pluc e. Removine; p illHrs this .'m.y has i nv lved the loss o f valuable co al and increas es the roof 1 hazards , so t hnt a mi ne r, no □ atter how c a reful or experienced he may b e , i s a llo~ed to run t he ris k of b e ing i n jured throug h such an un s ys t ematic an d an t i qua t ed me t ~od of mi ning. C'b s e r v ations made i n 10. ? panel , rise s i de , \".'ere similar to tr.ose i n _fo o ?. Pane l . n v i s i t i r>t t h e ,0:o rk in[ pl a ces in these secti on s, , ,e f ound th at mi n ers ,·: er e i n a numb er of inst e.r1ces under b ad to p , an d e.t ou r s ug;' estion , either to ok it dovm or pl acr, d timber under it. In such ca s e s, it ca !'.! only b e i n f e rred that the se miners do not often test their r oof or do not kno~ how to test the roof. In 5 J,forth, i-:-here 8 men v,ere engaged in •:,rithdrarling entry stu □ps l'lnd room panels , the r.ien we re found to use a v1ooden tamping b a r f or testing the ro of , wh i ch is 10 to 15 fe et high after the hes.cl coa l i s t a ken d 0~n . In 011 e i nsten ce the tar.iping br.r VJB_S found to be split et e a ch end, 0n d v· as us c,les s in testinr::: , since the vibretic~s tb1.t v;ere set up Y.'are a, .:1orbed in energizing the roes tha t ,:1ere split, and S!;!VP. out a bu zzine-: sound .. Skipping ~as the prec- tice in entry p ill ~r \'iorJ<- , Bnrl exc€sni rely ,,·ride 1: reas ,:;(-re tr e rsesult. -6- \ I �No o 3 Ui ~___J[into!2_ Th e raining met hod now er~pl oyed is the long fac e metho d . It v:as observed on t h e 5t } Sout h , v1he r e a lo ng scrapEJr f a cEJ had been finished, e.nd t he rocf hr::d c nv ed, th at t he caving of the roof had extended ove r the l i n e o f c rib s, an d th e caving entry was partially blocked by r oo f r.t 8t e rinl. 1 :Jh ile this cor. ditio11 may 1-rn ve little ef feet on ventil Pt i rsn , the wi dt h of th is cali'inE entry might have beel:'l dri'len narro vie r • -i t h advantage . The overridi ng of t hese cribs mHy m8.teriE,lly aff~ct the haule.ge en tr y in t he n ear fu:u r e, and be a cause oi c onste..nt expe nse f o r upkeep a nd a. constan t roof hazerd. It v1ill se ri ou sl y a f fec t t he r e co ve r y of the e nt ry c hRin pill ar, ~hich a ppears too n~ _row for fin a l r2c 0very . So~e exper i me nt~ arP tc in[ car r i ed on ~ith the roof Rction at this to ,e r:-i:e::c , \"hich se er:is/ ir,vo-.·ri1:,le to c ausin[, a s ericus ro of hazard fn t h e ·utu re li fe of the ~i ne . Often t no lo ng f r!Ces 11re \"iorked out, l eavin g e. pill n_x- 25 to 30 fe(:>t beti:1ee11 them, and b f fore A. e third f ace stm·ted :::-oo f b reed: is ma d e in the other t '<'10 f a ces , or before a n E:i.ttempt i s rn~d;; t o r,1qke a roof break i!1 the ot _h er h:o· pl aces , by rernovinf the yi ost s. It is t he (1p ini on of the Y!riters tha t v1hen E. long f Ace ha s be e n -:10rkeo, ou ...., , tt•_, n + +.}·_t. r -- - - po s ts shoulrl be i:r.1--i edi ,,tely remove d And a ro cf brea1, rn9.de before the ad}oining fnce hf.ls advanced mor e tl: t~t1 25 to 30 feet . After t he roof t rea ~ hes occurred, this would al lo w t he s me ll . th !"_+. is l e ft betv: een long f e ces to be so v:eeker1 ed that A g radual -~ ld take place, rather t han CArrying the sub sidence of ~he roo. wou p i 11 ar .i. he £:ci i oining v1orkint: f a ce. ri eis ht av e r to • " • • -7- �·:lhile t.rinton t;o o 3 f!ine r.1ay have exceptiomuly good roof condi_tions, the fn.c~ mus t not be lost sight of that it i s nee.r the outcrop and under comperntiv ely l i ght cover , and if the roof is not allo~ed to subside cornp l et cly or bret>.k d ovm, the m:iight \'J ill hF.ve a tendency to follo·!: do v:n the pitch , nd create r oof hr.zards ir1 future ,.-:ork thEi.t ,;-,1ill not onl~r he dp,ngero us but els o 9XDens iv e , a nd may have a serious bearing on ~lte future li fe of the min e. At the fH c e of 6th South, Duck Bill p l ece , the ro cf had ch ani:;ed to a ra.ther so n for support . co vl"r 2 c -;;3 U!lC0!1s olide.ted snn y sh ,'3 le v: hich reouired cross be.rs The entry ~es 16 f e et ~i dP , and ~hil e this con dit ion cey s ;·.;ci ll A. :rer-i only , it may be __: ener,,l. Presumably, eo the ~ine ,; t:-:.pe r, •.. •,ter \-;i ll t-(· in evid en ce , pr.d the rtiof may r& quire close ~ith this condition bein~ present, it is n ec e ssary end ooci pi ', r ticG to !:lake a s ei ·ies of clean breaks in the entr: r }) ill Ars , t hnt ri sr;ueeze L1c1 1 ri ot g o down the pitch a11d sericusly irr.p air the snf e t~r o f futu:r-e r_ro?kirigs. The dev el op: r. ent 0?1 the South side of this mine, employing scraper tc detorni::G H it is prr-i.ctic :9.blc to use nccr.aniccl lotidini~, end at the • ,.,_ roo f • sru!} •.: ~ir:1e ccintro 1 "Lr!G Tn'" - "' 1 Jo::::::i~1· - tilit,..r 1 of roof co~trol •;:ith sr:fet:,: e.[:;ainzt fp 11 s ha.s n u..... bee11 cc· iven f1tll trial, siric e the rs ha s be'3n nc i,ttempt to est F.blish a breakline, result in2· in the lo ss of pillers, e ~d i n th e CRse of the 4tt South it is i !'lp robF•ble the.-t tre entry c h~in pi·11- Rrac ~ill ever be recovered. -8- �The le avin£ of chain entry pill~_rs bet,1e en t wo v.'orl<ed out aret=ts brings nbout ro of action th ,,.+ adds to the hazarcl in roof falls, and - w necessitat.es ex trr=,. til!l_ber·1.· 11 '.'~- ond a 1 oss o r pi·1 l?r coal. u The plan inv olvin[ t}ie r emoval of the entr,·J c h.a1.n • p illars e.lone; v;ith a retreat system for tht: long fa c es Y,ould enable the creation of a break li11e th d 01 \.' Ould b'" ~n e.dvantz.ge i n co a l r e covery a nd economy irJ operEi.tion, 11d Gi v e prot ect i on ag einst bu mps \·:hich dis lodg e roof ma teriel i n •::ork i ng p l Gces . ~ this n i ne gets under h€avy cove r, the import an ce of fore c rs tini:: the developr.;ent ,:ark rJill becor.1e apperent 0 The ro on and p il lar me tho .~ of mit1i1:1 ~ i s being: employed. Two pa r llel rooms 2J to 2 2 feet Y: irl e F1 re driv en up the pitcr. about 6ID fe et ~part, the Duck Bill e.:n ei Shaker Conv eyo r be ing used in this work. '1110n they have nciv an c ed th e re0uired clista11ce of cibout JOO feet, tbe pill ~r is irn:1· ed iot el y \:·ithdnwm 0 !1 an an gl e of e bout 4-5° 't.'ith the directio n of the ro or,, , this r:i01'.dnr P fHce about 70 feet long . This ,•,ork i s coubl F. shifteci, end ;:;. comp l 8te cut is cle aned up each shift, \'J hich a ll o1::s ~, very . e.:Ji d re covery of the p illar. The r.10thod em- r. l oyed i n recov eri n: these p ill Prs i s , in th e opinfr !:1 of the i:,-riters, -· . the most practic ;:~l ond E- conor:;ic 1c l obs e rved in ai~ y of tr.e Union Pe.cific It ,.'iOulrl be wort h:t of triFJl t o e.tterr.pt to l"E'rr:ove t he e11try s t umps r:nd ch FJin !)illF.rs of th e 12t h_ 3out h by a llo·:iin r the entry stui1p and cha in pill-Pr to be recovE. r-,id b:,' extend - -9- �ing th e rooms through fro m the lJth South 1:'.nd thus taking the co a l do'\'m on th e.t entry , thereby elirnim1ting the necessity of &.llowing chain 1:>.ncl e n try ill nrs to l ag behind so me 300 to 700 feet. In the futu re d evelop~e nt of this mine , it iH flSBumed th Rt mech e.n ical lo~din 13 \, il l be t ~e pr a ctice, end since t h if: bed is under e. thick overb ur den , some co ns id e1· nti n sho ul d b e g iven to the plr..n of the development for roof control, end m xi mu~ extraction. To simplif :r the v1orldn~ of the mi11e, it '.'.'o uld seern th at tl1e p r es ent sys t em o_ r e trea ting ~o ul d off e r the b est solution, but in this s y stem fl r eGul:-,. r l y es t e blished break J.ir1e is of greo.t irnport once , a nd r o om €11 tr~r c e i n p ill rs shoul d not be permitted to rElrn Ril'l be- t~een t wo ~or ke d out a r eas . 2. - Tirri3E I'-jG PR...~G'fi CE AS IT AFFECTS SAFETY. I•!oo 4 T'i ne, 0 c0_ck Springs. It is !"arely c1.ec<:'Ssnr. to use tir:iber for entry support, except otere uillars have been removed as the entries advanced. Then "' r·vJ -:-, _ ort et irreg· ul nr interv 1:cls, it is o ft en nece~cr: ~ _ ) ,n l c, _, ce roof su1Jn brought a bout by ro oi,. n•ov err.,,~n-'-" due +~ o the r er:1ovnl of the .oillr,rs. . supp or t ,rh is 1• 8 a .,nlied \/h ere it is deemed 11ecess2.ry by t he sup e r. - vising 0fficia1 s, 1 ~ncJ n o d,a ncr:- e:-1·1.,us roof condi t i on s :Je1--e obser-ved, here on t he entr i ed . :1ooms : In r ooms u syste?Jatic rtethod of postir.g is l-;,~ fo :;: enforced by -1 0- - �t~e safety boss, who realizes the irnporta.YJce of some standard pract ic e , This m€t hcd is v1ell suited to the mining conditions and is c i vi nr result s. nood sized c a p pi e ces a re placed in a ma jority of c a s es at rir-ht qn ~_, l c s t o the s li p pl rrnes . • Pi llars : Eo rei:;u.l ~ 1· me th od of ,o sti nr is emplc-yed. The miner places t h e p osts ,, here he or t he supervis or t h inks they will g ive the best T'n i s bei11g the c nse , 1::id e 21.reas a re found Yiithout exiy sup- 3'8 .c,UltA . port , 2.nd constRnt hazm·ds fro c f all s nre present 0 Timber for r o of support on entrie s is placed ,•:here a dangerous con,;i ti on i s ob.se rv Ed by the supervisi11g officials. Cases ,-;ere o bse rved r,he :·e tcp coal had s pr un 6 from the roof, and the imn1ediate roof 0.l~ove the t op co ai \, a s l oose a.nrl viithout support. in spe ction should be 011 □Ede pt A careful reg uler intervels for dangerous roof all 8r trie s, or e l l ex c a vaticns , . as rec:uired by the state ?:3.ning L~bg Faces: l.YJ J ong f ec e s a systematic method of postinz; is enployed, but due to roof movement broug ht a bout by unsoun d P-1frin g p r a c t ice, this !'.'osti:ng met h od oft e n 'o es not g ive the rE c; uired prot ecti n. case:s it \·,:-s In 1 c.1:J obser ed th nt one or more posts Yiere placed under a r ailro ad tie us ed 1 ?. S a c o.p piece, v:hich g ives r ood but not sufficient protecti on i n ~l l c a ses. -11- �r I n order to Bive protecti'on to • the v:or':13er, in nll long fe.ces, 28 nd p ou r, ils or 3 inc:1 H her:m u uy b e us ed for the protection c.,f t~ e i~ned i a t e f Rce , pl a c ed oM. e, ~ f " or J cot centers in th e form of a C ~ \·1.1. i· l c 1r " r , •• l , • " I an a' i.1S8(l e.s ter.1p. or a,rvJ set"'. TI1ese stee 1 mem b ers mRy b e • g :··;c v ed f or-vmi-d ee ch cut ,·,• hen · h ' 't ,e perr~~-nent r;os ts are placed in position, t h us nvo i dinc: th e necessit y of J.ee.vit1fr t hem bD.ck i n the gob v1here the coal ha s b een r.1 i11ed out. In a r eas ~! ~ re t he cha in pillars have been re moved, no definite . . osti nr method i2 enp lo yed . Po sts a re placed v1here c, t imberrr.e.n or e supervi so r believes tl ey y;ill be of most value. I t is re li zed by t he ~ri ters th pt it is very difficult to outline ~ syster:u:- -;;i~ r:1 ·-thocl of p osti ng or roo f suppoY-t in e.ny pill!"r- inF: ,:,o r1'. wh er""d I o d 0.fiti i te rnethoci of rtlning is e mp loyed. f.To " ] , 'i· e, Ke li 2n c e Entries : It i s r are l)' ne c ess ary to use timber for roof support in entries, due to the feet th at tu p coal i s left in all edvnnced p lace~. In rooms a more or l ess uniform me thod of po~ti n~:; i s enployed, ' room accorclin ~ to his i l'lclivi(1ual tas te, subject t!1e n iner- t:1.1,1bE r :i.r,g h :is tc the :ipp ro vo 1 O •f -:<.he sur, ~rvisinf officials. • Pill &rs: • L: p i'11~"' r S;', (J !•[ J. rJi' S )10 c.., . .. i~c es T!-;e miner~~ t }ie sy"'.1.e,n i:i ... ic _, u • C.u methoi:l of •oosti~ p;~ i s f'P:_o l oyed. u ost where he or the supervisin1: c-fficia l thin1rs - -1 2- ' \ �thev a r e necessa r v . J J De t • f t · · u o in re~uen visits of the superv1s1ng o f fici e l s , 'l'.'Oi'k r.i en 1:; ere fn,quently obs Eirved working under da11ge rous roof . I n s u ch cus es it can only be inf er red th at these miners do no t oft en test or knov; hov; to t e st the roof. Here is a need for a CrHnp a i g 1 of ii1 truction in roof !lrote cti on meth ods.. Some of the men i. these sec t i ons st at ed th '!t t hey ha d not been visited tbd day by rni ue boss or inspector , th ourh i t was 10:30 in one C8Se ~nd 11:00 o ' clock i n e.not .e !'. Th erP. is n o def i nite plan for pillRr recovery end .:;here i s no def in it e system of pl a cing ti mber. The miners £ire f r ee l ~~n c es un-"i l th e boss ~P. ears enc g ivt:'_s instructions to pl0ce a p r oµ here ~nti a proo th er e , move the tr e ct, or t eke a sl ab along he ~e . ~he r e s uch p ~a c ~ic Es a re fo llo ~ ea there is no system and without s ys t er:i r oo f hn :! a rts are cnwme ntecl . ··:j aj:_c 1: ,~in e l'fo • 3 Entries : Due t u 2_ s _ l eud id roof' conrlitior:1 at this mine, timber for roof suppo rt is r a rel)' ne c es s ry in f;ntrie s. Long fac~ s ~nd room~: A faii"ly uniforr:J rn etr. od of posting is euplcyed in a ll long faces • h seems t o be c1·vi·nn_· and rea r.is ' ,.-;hie. '--' the desired results. -13- \ �. a r•,J.ne Sµpe ri_~ ~ prc~e cted on entri es and slopes by the 3 Danfe rous roof is stick r!:ethoc of tirnberinE; , and l agging v:here required. In some p lFtc e~ nlong th e ent ri_ s , top c 0 ,-,, 2·s 1 r~ · ~ • ,!..I. P, ., ror roo, support, 0 de.n~erous roo f \'i2S observed in M1 y of the entries of this rni ne. A goo<1 ne tr-cd of roo u t i rrbe ring \.a s obse!"ved at this mine. The Sh • e r Conveyo r N:i S pillar. roo□ ad venc e d h :e nty foot lengths of _cro s s bar \':ere As the pl a. ced Pbout employed i n the r emov al of e. long face on the roo;:1 5 to 6 feet c:part , supp orted by 5 to 6 p rops, e nd e.bove th e cr oss b1:1rs l :i:e; i 112s ·:·e c~e 1 lncE:cl 3 to 4 fe et apart . It v:as notic 5c: th i--;t th e 12.e;; int r.e. s suppo rt il'lg roof materiPl v1hi ch had beco me c:et ached frcL-: th e i r:trnecliate !"cof ? nd thus -h ad prevented the material from .,.e.ll i n~: end .3.clt: i!'l2: "o the roof haz a rd. !.. s ii1e u1Fi.r f'eetu!"e of r 00 _ i s t.~e t '.'. her, the roo::1s have been driven the re r:uited dist,mce the roo m p illµr i ~ be i n; recovered, it ia only ne cessary to pl &ce stra i ght po s ts. '.'."t1is condit ion exis ts, 2ccordin~ to the supervis ing of::ichils, unt i·1 th~'"' pi"_llp~ is entirely re ~oved. -ll:-- �3o - ROOF '.f~STI NG AS IT • INDICATES UMS0 UED 01 m'.SAFE ::tOOF. "\o of testing as employed at these mines i· s superficial. sound me t hod only is it ed a re from t h 'l'he e enerally used, then often covering only a lim- face. Supervisinr; offici13Js in many instances c~rry a cane f or t esting roof nnd oft en do test for their own setisf o cti on , but they ~ire onl~.' in the \! or kirig fr.ce for a. fe\'t minutes, ~hil e t he miner i s the re 8 hours . It sh ould b e t he dut y o f e ach superv i s ing official to orcler t ~e r:1i ner to t est t he r"'of • • n{ th e erea ~hich he is exposed to, ~ coveri ~1d t h en t e supF: r ising off ic icl sho ul d test for his o,;-m satisfr c tfol" o 'The v l bx-e. ti c r1 ruethod , r/h i ch in v ol v es pl a cing the bnre hand on th e roof , \·1hil e t es tin; \l ith o. tool in the othe r, shoulci be er. pl oyed et all t imes by ~i ners ~nd superv i sors. :\t :'.o .. 4 !'i ne , '.'toc k S!}'r i n[ , ne n \':ere observed ,1orkir1g u11der rh~~ erou3 1 ose top co o.l l .:;:,s tJ-.an 10 minut f.S a fter a supervising 6 _'\t ?!o . 8 !'i l'le , ilock 3princ s, men 1:.•e re observed testing roof by the s ot;n d r.i ethocl only \'Jr. ile the sh a ker conveyor •:.as in operEJ.tion. The noise is so -r eat \'Jhen the shaker conveyor is i r. operetion th et , ; !' ., ten dinr; to sho1:1 that roof te s th-1[ is superficial. it is difficult t o 11 -- 1 "_ I; - e th e roof is often 10 to 15 fe e t e.h ove th e 1 At l=:el::.a nce '. 0 ° ) ~ 11 i s p erformed by prod din[ the roof i::it.h a 1;1ooden floor; roof t e stint is often s plit, anrl the result s of th e t e st appeo r tcrnpir:g stic .. ,;:J-; ich i3y usin r: the method e s er.1ployed at Reliance at the best to be a [ ue s s . . . ,., fe r the v:i•iters to make, what \"'ould be con s id e red b, the m it is J.Ti.!!) 05 S J.11 1 ~ · t· of the roof. f t l1P. c ondi ion ;;;_ f a ir t e : =; t o • 0 -15- �■ ' . Tu,o p ieces of pipe or steel brir should be i n e Dch v:orking place, th 11t m~y b e usec. ·t o test the conditicn of the roof employing the vibratio n me t hod of ro of t esting . Th e re i s 2-:1 E'll'l Hb undi:u1c e of s upe rvision pertaining to production, no O!"C:1c.P.iZElti cn or division of territory v,ithin the supervisory fo r c e for saf ety of aper .tion or the prevention of accidents. Tr:e sup0 r viso rs e.ppear to be capa ble E.nd industrious, tr ying to co v e r t erritories ent i re l : too l arge to s upervise, the result appee.rinf t p be t h at one su pe?"v .i.sory is r a cinr; the other e. round the ,·:orkfog 8. Ces . ~s.ta furn i shed oy t he President of the company show that in the ac tivit i es or the se mines there is an unusual number of super,: is ors; as "' 3., il " us+.~·,,tion et qock Sprin gs there is one supervisor - J_ c.. , v • f or· E8.Ch 1 4 ., .d \'Jo rkers; 1:1.t ?leli ::U'l ce one f or eac h 13 • 9·' at \"i'i nton on§ for er.ch 12.1; .Jt f,J'l(J & Sup- er.;-- or ' one for ea ch 15.2. t be d ii-ect ed to \·:ard Th is ii:1ter.sive ~u_n - , er vision' ho \·:ever, Appears o . ~ en·cs i:;nd little rle - ,,, Oteci to execution of mi nir,g pl ans, ton.1ag e requ:u e m - " • roof co ntro l e.nd roof haz11rcls. -4.!\; " ve..rious r~ines • f o re mA n F~ a~s ist ent mine-foremen, there ere a mineu~ ' • - a s 11fety boss' f ormin~ th e supE>rv i sin p; force. These • , cl..,,, \'Ih ich I,:. . pl .,,h ce i n th e mine t:a cn <-J , ·•1·s1·t each wor,~ng • -or-4men e ll a t 1;ei .J" t o " �t l. ey oft en do, •ti \'Jl . . ... v1. s i ., s duri ng th e l t he result th at c:, J,, • "' ·• 1 ft th e \'ior)d ng- places have had 4 but in the 4 vi s its th e re \'ia s no time to p r op erly s upervi se or . t i ns r uct t he mi ner in t he proper methods to e f :ic ientl y ca r ry 011 h . •i s ,·:ork s a fely• , Each mine s houl d be d ivi ded i nt o clistr.;ctc: ,.,,i·th ... ~ a n a ssis t a nt ,·,ho ,. 1 O, b ' .. ou e res pons ible for a ll op er atic ns and t he safetvJ 0 •r e □p 1 c yes . 'rh d . t • - e 1s r1 cts should be so ~rrang ed tJ, ~t it \'ioul d be ., p ossiol e fov- the • t .. • ;iss is anc for eme.11 t o vi s it ea ch forer, an pl a c ed i· i1 h c ,a r ge t leost eVe!'y t ,:w ho urs duri ng th e shift, and be Pbl e t o innt r uct the no rkrnen i n the p r ope r met hoc'.· s of perfo r mii'lg tl; ei r cl ut i es safeJ.: . The at tit ude of the :orkrnen and t he bos s es: So r.1Uc h t i me and money have be en s p ent i n the a dv oca cy of safety, th e ado pt i on of s'tb.ndards rel atin6 to ma ch i ne ry and electrical appara t us , t r c: c lea r Rnc e , ro ck dust i ng , ventil ation and the est ablishing of g o od horr.e s ~nd n,omoti ng ci vic pride, th at in practically all cases ques ti oned the ,·:orkme n and bos ses alike rea.lly believe that everything po s sible i s be ine don e for th e ir safety, and in a fe w cases ernployes are of t l::. e opi n i on t hat so ma ny P..ccid ents must happ en irrespective of \,hat prec a utio ns or measures a re t ake n to prevent t hem. To the man em- • • ·+ • are confined to a s mell a rea, this is a natural ployed \, hose a ctJ.Vl.uJ.es 1 re a soning- e.ml c 3 11 r eadily be understoodo -17- �5 •- SAFE'fY Oi:tG .~IZATION rlithin the lnion Pacifi~ C 1 C ~ oa ompany•s organization there is no s . f et y organization devoting i+s _ v time or efforts to prevent acci- dents from falls of roof e.nd coal. t b ch time is a~ent ffia kin 0~ 1·1,qu1·r1·es ~n d 1nves • t·1g a t·ions when an r accident occur s, but on r en,ct i· ns over the tr13.nscripts of the inquiries 0 -at al a cci d ents occu!'ri ne; d urin~ the year 1929, very fe,:: real points 2-.re br ouGh t out which ,_,oul d prev ent a. recurrence of 1:u1 accident under s imi l ar pr ov ~i li ng conditicns. This leads t o one of t ·;o conclusions: (a) That the ir.quiry is cond ucted t o J us tify the accident, , uthout any attempt being made to ad opt rules or pn'!.ct ices to prevent a recurrence, or (b) The men ,:ho co n duct th e i n ~ui r y a r e l a cking either in ability, or integrity to co~ duct an in quiry. It is difficult to realize that a group of competent mining ~en ,:oul d hear evidence on ho t,· l?. fatal accidents occurred, v,ithout e; oing on record with n op inion i n v1riting on what the.y believe may be done • or • conditions. to prevet;u.,_ a recurrence under sirril -18- �6 . - SUPERVISIO N AS, r ,r REL ATE" -· ""::> I n any scheme of supe rv1s1.on . . f roo f there a r e i nvolved 0 th er~ TO ROOF HAZA~DS. or mine safety as it relates to the . e□s it ~h ich must fit into ~h . ~ e organizetion, since the safe t y o rge.ni z at.ion mus t have ' a head Or d irector • 1.'Jho has to do viit h all mfl. tt ers i nvo l vi ng_ s a f et y . In the f irs • t p1 ace , a li st of he~ d . -~ar s must be set out c.".nd upon ~~ich the s afe t y direc+w or mus . t ~ive • his c.oncen t rated attention through a system of insp e ction , pers ona1 ob servc1.t1on • f ors t r1ct • compli ence, n~d t o suggest changes i n a system or practice which ~ill increase sLf ety . A safety org a ni zat ion must aclopt a system or a scheme ,:.rhich VIill ah'.·Hys s how \·;he r e t h ere has been any laxity in carrying out a safety pi·o1"5rom th?.t has been adop ted, and this can be made of va.lue only in so far as it i s made 2. mnt t er of record. 1'he mere employment of a. s a fety eng ineer o f t en results in the shifting of the responsibilities of other offi c i ds onto the s a fety engineer es though they -.,ere not a lint in the ch a i n for prowoting safety. Safety engineers who permit such a ct ion a !,cl ·::h o fun ction only in concluctinE; post mortel!!S will never render- ef ficie!'lt service in the matter of promoting safety. In the !'!lP..tter of s af eF; unrdinf the mine roof: d retreat y,ork should be The plans for develop men t cm • and this involves the given the a?prov al 'of the safety eilgineer, . 1 , method of roof support in dete: -• \·;ho believe in s~r:3t er1etic roof ~he under~round officials 'ni rrr conference in ou tl 1 support shou ld be called into -19- - ' .:. t he systeM of timbering •• , • �. . . .. b es t adap table to th • . eir mine under l·t S V • arious roof concti· ~3 A "ions. • • systemat ic method of roof t e ~. 5 sing should be taught ell un d eq,; round f oremen v.ihu in turn should teach a 11 other under£r ound 4. Testi ng r oof sh ould be m d . . a e a part of the miner's duty and he sh. ou l c' b e re quired al ways to test his . roof un. on havi,,,.,"_g,. a visitor, such as Ol"'f " • l, d riv er, or other person • h" l.cia • . '. in is Tiorking pl ace . "l:i L. T'ne officif.tl upo!l vi s l.·t.i ng a v.rorking place should! note if th . mi ne r corcplies ·;it h tr.e ro of tecting _re quireme nt ~nd.should then p roce eo· a l so to • t est theroof . or . a. I n so me mines it is the practice to place a board, s us pe~ded fr om a prup , on , hich ea ch vis1·t1·""u " ~ ofr 1·~,.; 1·e.l pl a ces his iniu t i els and ti me of a·r-y o is Th ' 1s • o f va1 ue only in checking up on these offici nl s by t~e fo r emen or saf ety insp ector and i~ case of an accident to· lea rn the i nterv al of time el ap sing betvl6en the tit~e of the visit and the occurrence oi' the accident. In other mines it is the pra ctice to suspend near bo t1~e u o rldnr; fo ce A. heavy c a rd-bo a rd ,1ith sufficient bl?-nks for 7 days and e e. ch tir!le a_n off ici al visits the pl a ce he dates, i nitials, states tirr.e -and i nd ic a tes anythin5 found i mp roper, such as le.ck of til"!lbering, failu~e to test roof, loose or bed roof, an d, at the end of the week, th·e se c ~i·ds a re collected and sent to the se.fety engineer, v1ho t abuli:tes ◄ the dat a m: d iri thi;. T!li:m ner his records ,_._,ill sho,·: the n ur.1ber of visits 1 ~nd the marmer in ,,1h ich the miner is complyinf' '?7ith safety reg ulations. -20- �c. In a group of mi n es in the east which has a good r ec ord i n a ccident p e t· r ven ion, a pla.n is adopted of using a blue card and as an of fici a l visit s a workinq place ~~a f1."nds c . -~• violations -of timber r e g ul Rti ons or other s a fety ~easures, he gives . tha miner a part of the c ard, fu ·nishes the supe rintenden t wit h a.· part of the card, and deposits th e third p iec e on the miner 0 s chec k ].)o a rd at the lamp house, Before the mi ne r is :>.g i n g i ven a le.mp h e must see the superintendent and accoun -r; for the viol e.. tion repo rt ed e.nd c11 n only be g iven a la.l!lp upon a reli e f not ice from the super i ntendent. 1"/here a safety engineer is err.ployed, it \·:ould b e fln ndve.ntec;e fo r the superintendent to pass his p p_rt of the c vr d to the safety e ng ineer for record. In this me.nne r the ca r ele ss imd i ndif i E' rent rr.en c oul d be determined and a course of :is ci li l1e deter:uir..ed . -~ t i rne st u d y Should be m"".de to determine how irnd in v1hat rienner the underg round of fici al s occupy th eir • time in making a round 1 of the ir se cti mi, m cl i i, this manner the extent of his district should be d e t ermi ne d So a ,,"'· t oe~_ ~ ,·vs hi m opportunity to visit such working place three or four times per shift' and have a.mpJ.e t·ime to ex?.rnine the roof, t i mbe r:i. n t:; a n n• 1.·ns truct the ~en, v here necessary. 8. ! L s a fety inspector should be err~n 1oye d to check the \'fork • r·e1Jort should be !.'lade to of the foreman tt nd his associ e.t es e11d h is the snfety engineer, daily. -~ll be to see if ull safety His duty w.,_ • d out on the part Of the underground officials reg ul ntions are being cerrie • eer sr.ould be entered • The re 1)orts nl. ...mde to the s a fety eng in cl erk shn.u.l d be RSSif· ned i ri a perm ?.ne nt record anri fo~ this purpo s e~ 9. -21- �the safety en g i ne er- so th to t e latt e r may h~ve time to make regulr,_r visits e mi ne ns a check on th. e inspectors. 10. ~here saf8ty measures recommended by the safety engineer e.re questioned by the 'op e r 0t1·ng, o ff"1c1a • 1 s as involvi·r.~ •0 unnecessary expen se , . council o f of ficials 11d the h" µ c 1ef engineer should be called 0 0 to pass upo n the mP..tter and ,-:herein t he r11sul t of the conference is oppo sed t o the reco mmendations, the safety engineer should not be held responsible i n t he event of an accident. 11. .AJ.te r Rti on in any plan for mining should be made a matter o f re co rd and where dirty coal is encountered, t he question of its mining s oul d be determi ned by the chief eng ineer and the general superintendent, or offif!ii>l in ch a r g e of the mine development. ~ay be much co2-.l Sc ved In this manner, there that under p~tst practice has been lost, vlith a tt endr.nt roof hazard s brought about by leavir.g pilbrs that interfere \';ith r o of subs i rlenc e , 12 The s~_fety engineer should m13ke a monthly written r6port 0 to the Vice Pres ident o!' other official to YJhom the assistant geners.l a_nrl a con_. y of this report should go to the President. manager also reports, " 130 • ;,oul c' not be under the dominance The safety engineer 5 " of the of fi ci nl in charge of operations. CCNCLUSIOXS • · defir:ite plans in mining Through the absence of forecastir1g, or ,...; ., ~- due to hc.ph azerd practices r •~•~ .dents are frequently occu method, acci to the lack of enrr, ir.eering and planning. er.1ployed, \'lhich Ghould be chr..rged Io -22- �Plans for development and retreat work at each mine should be made and approved by the operat1· ng and safety departments. II . Sys tema tic methods of roof support should be adopted for each mine or section of a IJU.ne, • • • • re qu1r1ng a minimur.i distance . bet,7een posts. TernporarJ st eel roof support in . form of a. cantilever should b e used in a ll long faces . III. A systematic method of roof testing should be adopted and fre quently emplcyed by all ernpl oyes. IV. The underground supervisory forces should be reorganized \'dth assi s t a nt forenan in ch a r ~e and responsible for all operations in a district wh ich y;ill al lo n each working place to be visited at intervals not g re a ter than t \'! O hours. V. The sr..fety or .;anization should be reorganized v,ith the object i n v i e,:, of preventin:; ac cidents rather than . investigating thel!l after 'l'he safety boss in each n~ine o.r group of mines they have occurred. should be di rectly resp onsible and report to the s~fety engineer and be independent of the opera ting force. ACKH0 1.'iLEDGUEM'l'S. . _ , ~ to ress their apprecietion of the courtesies The viriter"' J! .i.sh exp , ~ HcAuliffe Pr. George B. Pryde, . -, 1 and coopera. t ion eJ,•tended by I•r •~· "'ugene +.,, ·ent <1nd mine foremen of the severa r-~r. I. }! BayJ.es s ar.d t.he s~pefr~::n:er a;;d ,a.fety Engineer of the company 61 r.iines visited and to th e Chie n :1 mines. ~:1hile conductins the study in these severc1. 0 Respectfully submitted. J • i'; . ? A.ULr~ Senior t~i nini Eng ineer. .,. s 'C 0 8 0 Bureau o f ••ine ' Pittsbur~h , ~a., !-:arch _ _ _ _, l93 0 • - H • TC i.1'I:•r5(H!, !Is soc ia. te t'ii:li!'lg :-'.:1Gin eer. -23- �Sl:.F:il!TY EXJ\l:iI Ni,TION OF HINES BY A. C. WAT'l'S 1',UN ING ErmINEER SALT L;J<E CITY, UTAH V. O. ?.,L"RRAY �- • . 1'.. o C o J. l.u~·:3 u:m:n:i.; -~;:..:-:rt~:,;_,:- �Gu OE'!'!.01'., n , l1t r;.5. rJO : t ~! II :\,·~ ll l.c=,fl 000•••0<0000000000 ;;-.ti. aooooooooo••OO ll " o to a•oool\DOOOOODD 0 0 3... _~ 1 !.:.:lr:o 17 ··•t;co 1-c \l ·• ■ • e • V 0 • 0 • a 0 O O O 0 OOA.0••······•4000 . ;_-J~~- ---'" !: ~-- .:- :.~:(i 1. ... :.. !1YJ:J !•·.o:·~-' O'., i:.,_S.~ '! :1 ; .U, F'-t}: .5 r ul:1n.:, · - :1. □boll' D ··········•000000 ate ........... . .... . fi'..:ndli .5 ':i.' iririo on ~ud'::. co • •••• • •••• ....n~p l~ouooo •. a • • • • • 9., . . . . . . . Jc...,e o l L :...·-.. o l d l It 2 o a o •• o a a. f ":J l1 ·; 'i "JGo o (.- o o • • • • .,_ o u o o u .a o ~ 11 o o o o o • • o • ...>:.o .\ (;c ~ :;·.:::Cl,. I! ~Ll.,___ •lll t~ ,OC;Oa ~ o. jl 5 ~~:••••••••••••w••••••••••••• !.p )t.::Joa~ f~ ~;!: : o'6i . : ; o • :_oc...:. !.l"l ot i O O O O O O • O • O t'} ..... o O • O rl •J o 0 1J oo,>OOOOOOOID00.0CIOGOO•O~ :.\ ·.. - i-iC~Ci CL· IJ 0 • ·uio_ . L_ D ~ VLtlO• 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .-, G O • 0 • O O O O O O O O O O 4 0 ·to lee ............••• • •• • • t1~~0•········•• 0 ••········· ~ 10 1 ,, - c, l" 1- to 14 �1-A Aug. 26th to Sept. 6th, 1930 All conditiono good ~~cept cs noted under suggestions, ~1rn in g0r~ol·~.1 1~or..c rirn. 11 ~H :.~ZLL 1~1Jr nv:~.:~:r u:.: . • :.sco_,tinu. , u~lin_:; ·i;ir.;~e:;; fa.-ucks cixeu in ttir.,z. !b11c c t::.'i:.iTJc Cd' □ top end crrltch or:. CliT,'>t y· tri11 v tzv.c!;: ou t side i3 1:..:.1.0 0 Vorrt..ila .. ox·-.:; ovc_ chcz-c.i,1i ,·::i.ci;s in ltmp houso. -□provo cond:i. t i o. s ... ·;_; poi:'t,:.1 of E m,m1~y t . nd screen l1(H'tt' l 0 ':'i:L:c nut ~11 tumo a ooon:, i,l 1:lincs • .Plt ! JT,,mr,-r 'Jo so ( s °t() r.vvirl Crossin~ h='nl~ce ~~o· cl o ( , ,,f' pn."t:i.11 £:D • !:ip· ii'lE a•;;.i.t cl! «t t:,· iTioi de 'iE15.n pr: rtin5 shoultl bo l or:ei. ed . Sl e1to~ holes al l c-.1.:. tch sternlc on m0chcm.ct 1 lmul uo _o:..clc ~1,: i ·, Glo pc o· n!dnr:; oper..:tiono. f,11 I:linco. :;t:i tc 1 ~r··~· nuo -:~o co oD :mtside of c111•11,~s . A'.!-1 r.lincs. t":t:.:.:1,-tl r· :Lo • 2 on:,; ciuc of dru'"' or r-cln hois·t. :Eave bo2. 1td t?_olley [£Ut:lrds. f.11 mineDo Builil tap c E· • of ol cl ; hoistin~ ohnf.t c.md ti;!.oo r.n.·o·;:;cct port, l o:.., ol d c~cape~-my iror;1 .flooda. Deto1. up::,>or coz,ncx-0 of so tos on no71 ~eel cars. ':i.' ?y t-:, :-.r-r <~ ~~--u1 - r:;e operations so as to cvoid 11 p:,;~ ::;d t±"tpc. t , F'ix-0 pro::>f odve ?ocm oi D fen. ·:;ork i:::i L roo-ossin3 in clec.ilil'lG up ozm or tt:o part o of E li' •·tu 'i:l cir course. Thero is c. rathc1· toz·tuous ~ud res-~z-ic t ccJ r;:osq ;o for r,i:r at th~ app..·o:lch to (;th North ,mt=r• ootto~-- of o.i :c cotn~sc iu % h prinol neode; o. little cl er:.m.tl';o r.ct ir..·ter ,,:.~·t of l o,,eX' rn~d iJ;'r;b P..:nol [il opo . �l?ov ex- tl:tet;rl':i.buth'lG :,rt eti oa near i uside st abl e could bo i n vr.oved by lmilding !'Oat1s i m.1'iitwcl of usi ug bo.iteo. ~. .!.l~- \:01:-lrn ;in & . cu:rcft ·l eu-;,,•y vC!'"J l'D6[:;ed r 11d require$ ot-~Oflti~l1 o GH?e r;yo'Lcr:.'l ~i~ ~;i1:1t e:d.n . :rcql.,ired .in 8t 'h C. 9th s ::r nth, • uccom:t or i)Ot h0,~d[j ,•n :coo:? . ;~ncoux-n~c t:io0 of Loo·~c, .! ai:· Loe'. dd1:e men. :.L t ui:.:ios. In h!J.u•· C-ll' ca~ .. tr·a.1..:t lc~1\di=1:;-- ~~.d.nc A.. S Ot18 'ci be ~ -tchGd 011 t ~ E(H~ ·th .1t t i! ,; v •..-...• rJC~~ cnz,s propOl."lY C -~ f ::.ces . �Hon::; tho 1Otl1 So1.:ri:.l {..,{1 int;::i!;e , t he :;;~nls of 6th C. 7-Gh pm· el o t,o the X'iso h[,d been bz.-ob:m iu an ef f'or·i; to bleed '·he ..:; ox-kix'lf::S ob ov0 so tha t s en.;.~ pillai~s could be ~ulled . - "!' • , '1 ;:,. : dS,w!,) ... . . .w ,, , , a;.i. .:. \...!.'I, l;,0~110 \7.:lC 0SC<l!i1illi t~lld CO?l'C[:F.w .l1a~ t i ;1g 'i:,he i n:'c ' t;,o i:r. 'i'tc qucr:.tHy \;'!.lo su.::l l but it iu !'lot .:;ooc ir.,:ctic.o o 0 t.:;:. ·Gt ·,, i,;:t; cl .st. :i, -~~ o.r~ of oltl Y,;:)J'kil'lf; S 'be: c:c c o;:. i 1$l e cqro ,·,'5.tl c.1;:l:; .;oz·Uf:~cd r:i(;?l i 'il the ,,iim , '• ..... ~- , "" • "l, ~oi: s i~t; o .1:hc )ill::..r ~-~ l;:lt:.13s in 0 ih prnel off r.lf,ii1 c.?Jci hi 11th l.. 12-uh f; ouih 1.:;·;F.' · C:i"1 a ;:: i cc:::.1 Eho-t i'roc i:;olicl . 'Ihc pillcx1: .... H·iz, G of . ,.J So'i.rGh \I8l f.: l !. on if'Cim'n i x- ;rom lo...-::c.r i;: ·t··t o" tlneo i..11 O'G.'.lGT Ol:,cii·~i onLJ t,ocd r:ith no ev:i.cicncc 0 w cf U(jUC:.CZ :.fl u Llectr-.:c tout.cs· 5- ~1 cirio r-:n·o1z.u1:1° s cabii'1 should l 0 i"z-o~ t ct·cl . v. cilllco "1'. 1L1 o Gnp :::.c 1 •:·i-iieh cz-c lo?.ir; c~.ps t.:.:'.; h c,n,,i 1£vcr· er:' ..., stculd bo 'izcour-u.Gotl. l o:10J· f c..r: f o.1t1 . r !i~c.iB[; bfic';lyr, clco rr1 Ei c!~k1off tH·: lh"ivi., o :i: S ·-b ~-S tG 'Gb. ·:1 . .12 _villt·.~' fl ':i-:.J'0 .bel~G pul l - Li ... 1011:r~ ul~oao .Si;3c;c r:·;,;. ci OL,~ le Oi,; bi;'cc:.kinr, l,)ll 'O~)S ~bo:; t 10 ·1; o 15 f ·t . fr om ,. !:'.:l{:!(. o '.i.'roL f c;1:.:-:r-'c -:u:::.·~c o :1 8th Sou t h :?:·.,·i o!' m.rti,1:s :;:i i•c no·;;. ~de- ·n:a ::r.dz:1 t,' -~1.L···: ::.ii-.~ c ursc .i i:; v~ry be:.: vily ti r:.bc1·od but :J.:. c Ou G, l'!.Ui:'·.;i o.l U!) to 'l.'.1:1:.t.ikl about 100 rt . oi' t ile lc,l?l ~l.:: L t:i.c..1: c 't.,Lc til.:ibor- i s 'Jcry tr.iclt -m r. ir trc:vcl is 2lliu ..::·~ r·cvci·~c.t1 o It · ..• · .., ,; :1c,·~ s c ei:::icicnc· or i'.:.n if curvoo in o~it:ry r -~" \. ., V ;.,,; - -- ~,:." °" '°...:,.i;i :-:-~./- . - u .:.l. ,:·,117·,n-',,, .;,..O._,l O • (..q •••~ ed .:a..l CJ.._ . ,,_ 1, '.i.'o wl~i ••• ~o ~fi;;or f x-m., ocui·inmc•) of f:!.ao co su;;ie st C[:;c:crv.r.::;,;c be det o:.--winco r:'.lich 1.:01..lu be c c:Jios·" to c::;ot o~~ ~ c.2:tl r: ··e t~ic·_ V(.~Y co,,apicuousl y u:--z:-!;;.;d i;;o th:i.t t:cm ~-;ould. • e thorouchly fc. tilit=..r '{.ri U1 thcra. L loo 1;hnt, ·i;0lel !10:.tl c i'.t~ n0 oZ coru ,.:..:nic:at.:i.on ;.Jc :i.ncre::so' !'o:r ,:;:i:a-~1in:; pm: 0£C Go :i:t Dir;h·i; i f: y t,◊ C G 'ii G t ?le olu 'f.'OX-I~i·r.:_;o urn:;,or -;; - c.: !-.'l"c~ri;i ,.:i.101:-·c Hooe broI;c ·tm·ough i.::nd them E::.; o a c Ci r litie on ·outciue to fill Uj') Otii:''.iGC0 a .:~ i-- iC ·irnco oll ·G t 2 ;:J~~ i the c:;~1; indicr!te "th'J:·t - t UtTec ·a TiC .,,~ Ccl .. B lOCp 3~~1zi u5 1~ @1.rni11c [ l o:~t deu.1 of oc.e~ G@ o Floods i., X:-0 i f cE'C-di1[: anu ouch good grazin::; t:. r1u f u r::1 l;:1ncl is bei .<;; na:l.:r.etl. Tl:c histo.x·y of gupc~·io r;.;i y :.;'10:: ·:., ~.,. th~ .f'2ood o then lz:l.vo been eradually i nc:::~12od:r1g- ... the ox·ocio of the l r1 ~' i'15o :ludic.:i to i;I.cit t iw r::E"K'Oyo ·.::::.::; boon :.;i 'C:J l,l y ac0r,nccl ·unng i"GCGfl'G yoorco Xf .;o lt '.') DUl' p:- :7 -~o ci vo the dE"c.i n:,go o~•c2 'i; her0 8!'2 oppor-!; 1 tl.i'i.:.y to 0 :r or; ircg;o ~tiou. �1-B ~ept. 8th - 10th. i"linton lli.no Oo oncli tions 1300 1 0 c~:cepi.i "'O rio·ted b0lm.7 01d in eoncral ~''Ci~;."l~ Oo iJ o"J r.n w;;..-:1~r to let Sou·tl! ll:vul 0 ~1ould Le porr.r. ie:a.t:...y c:=.- o£i n1~r~a u:,1t1 l r -s~·, t'. ,.c scrc~rnccl ~t portal. :~ 0 011 r ec:: tun.no'! nunr :?.. ,. ohoultl h~vc stopc ~n:.'! !1:!nd 1 E:>-i .. 1:\:L o :'.J z ~ticen t: -~.:-; vo ~ cue\_') i,ccti co,1~eyn1· vr,ns shou l c1 00 i;lnoed ,_,..1_,_ :nirld1 "' of t,,CB o :k~ \.':0~ found :!ll:1nst E.\g<1 i ¥1ot t: (i 3 ~~1po:•·;..il1~) G:i.L ~ A 3 co ~~l1a.t ·ttJO !)f our,. pt.rt1r r;"':..,.0 s·~l"'UCl; ·::11c.:. t.l ~ :ji~1~:: ·G!'?.~d· ~~-1 ~r-: ·i;·~~.c :. 0 0n Gl ,:io dnl~i r:.~ ·she "00z·~1:llern' choul<l "Jc pl ced ,~t 1C;.i£.i ~ i5 ft o c~~- ,; f c\,;- !'ln ··'!i::. pi·tc~ ~Y.lU Gt feiy holcc i 1 l ,<li ·::.iOno 'i:i.·0:!.le , ,t:.:.-W( :aJ ,.:.~ml'- ;:,e: pl ced ebove upper t.r1.,clrn '.3f !J~&.,• , i: r"'G o '}.' ' ~□ :.m l l. 'e olc i1 t ':'co r.:.u . : \JC'f.';i c ::i::Jdo o~l c F:d 1.:1:.· ·iie~h l sc::'i:itel~cd ubcu·t i\1 1!1i110. S iic:~ ) St ·i;h. •;, slidin,:~ .eoi:· in it ot or £ienorc-t.a ;;· ro cD ~..i;c·,- -:1. ,::- bo 1::.::. 1c c c:.:i:}.m:· t,o :;io\Tc urn3 tr...at a i ::c !'k t!.r.d c:5.311 "•e: .r.-10 CGcl ~M r.;~tt:i.i~C i11dicoting the -r.:id-th of o _.c?"..iLl::- ,..-:•.~cr:::;13 :tor vcr:tilntim1. J~s not'.!, tc 1'. 0-t 1 1':cl door .; ·.;: a·,'\t ,., . , , ~ r - ) ~-:::'.r,11 ·' , ,,... ,., C·" , ~.; {l" 1~..::.b1n er-r,,rt ~ t.,Ii.,. v ,.- ,J ,.., .- c-,; ...l,:"' •'.:,o 1,c 1-Zt, c-~,::.n.: rd 6e:1' ·1,',r. n nccest' E''h t,lms ehor-t5.nr; conG:..Co .. 2.. lG c.i : o V .,.;, - ... V ~.).._... .... v._ ..:-V - ..., .. • _.._, �• - 2-B Tr·• !~G not i'irs·t claos. ?ho ol<.l slope h2s been o.ta ndoncd bclou {th South r,nd the \rack no~ cu veo into 1th : outi ~ but t ho old fro~ '- ,l ( :ri:i:1.l.;; '1cve no'L 1; cu rcpl r. cc·u by :.;clid curved ra.:.1{; . 'l'::.:·o llo:t \'.'ire il'! ~th :iouth vc-z:y un:avcr! i n hcibh 1i; untl '"_: Oi..._l; t'.li ~} l{;Jti o 'i x· llcy ~~unr 0 1,~001.· r~:~u ir·· tle q~t te. 1 1 .:.ou'Lh h\.. Ul\.'t[;C .:· c.d i t'! ~~00 • sh~;1~ . V:c,. 1l'c.!1 ~cu · r. pc i:t.:.r:_.~ r. \: tc.r pipe i~ s-tickhi.._.; up i n ~1.~r.1~nnc·? c;,r:: ? ..., r: ci." tc~epL1n~le• . i, cl l :."J.r~ ~ 't ~M~ 1x.:r·~:t. ;1c; ,.n:os3cd po·.::er dr~s 1.:.mi -i~ ouch:t..i Lt . Ci:l \:.1.-t..!OUt '· , , ! d " ux~d 1:!: 11 :- t~ ,. . ~c~1~ : :_ n roclc Ou~-~ l.arr.icz·~ nc cdi:1·: r6~t.r1 1 0 :;e·GtiI!f; o:.:"' ~l:i s~uc; fl l"' :!:i.b• ,~~ i:,;: :: ;.... _:;.,:i ,.·c·... un, :_-i r 1;::n.tT,;c the rock <lu!:lt b~ .... 7.i .. c:/O t,2.::~: ) Cv~l i{!e ,_.' 1 s: 1 i r ~:o . • l L. 1.· ,-:dl'.C0<l }1,.)i, :i • or i;li.'lt:r:r - '"' o ..:r: ,1 ;:: S;;·,.o·ii1 - ,1 e11t\ cc r-:. 5 t1J.ouchi . Lr_; J f c ~r,~ l ~-i:: o n cccli:d in n:, ~o:r-i_;,sne ~--~:d;ox- r~ r;:~. ?luctc::i 1~· r- l wo 1:s c Cud in ~or:.e tr'l:r.r:f~rt:er ro , z:ls. UG :O.LL.0 :;01.• ', l -hl1c i.:2c:;; ;,•.'.:. tclL to OUuSi cic locoi.:.:,ti ·rn ic i!l 11-:: C~/ :::tlr..:l~Oo ...,u~:,:-:st c:-.Oc;3 fer .~nt::. ::;~J c !ococ ctivc i·~·r. to tipp l0. !; }1!1C \~- c.. :!c2 u.~.rt::.cccl t: '\·:., ~:,o tig}~u -'· he c :.1.. t.~hcols ~e:ce c;:c · D . : ld:15 c. p1·::i lifi c oource for fl[!. i:. Y,h-ccls • . 1 ,_Ji.Op :)lo~:.:::: t: ,iu. dc_·r,il s:i'.JUl • i,c uo'.3d ::,~·1 this p$rtir.g; . 1. J.::.; us:::. ,_:1-v\l(: 1,.':,t ".Je pl r_;:;cd cnti ·~l~• on ccr L-r·::tk6s. �3-B ~:ailo i;o ~:.-o.cI: of l ii;ht rai l rnd in poor conuitior1, m:i i;·v:;1.t;c 10s ::su:.l x·:,pc ridcz> pulls both l ::it cl-ms by hc nd. Ti1is ic; ) :.ar· p,.:·!i -,t:i.<;e , n:.1 -hh:l.::-~ ii:; o ften cio:.e ?;hen t dp is ti.1 0 1J:l :..l00 :roo::::i.:;; ;!;'efl cct ch· :n:-1c:tcr und ,.;:odr.m::.l1$hip of n.t e :,ooL C\f d [j :J 0 bnd•· ·· :.:oticod t 10 ,, ,· r~ :; •....;-•".r..~1• 1 "....,"'~ o ./-"" l....... •<>~ ~~ p "\.:... : . i: s ~ ,1· - :&,c r.;u ::---c t4Li-• __ ,o,,-' .._.. ._.,.1 '- !''•:• •·•c ••o 1- .•, '' · _ .. r"'cle;.; f~J;O.iilct ·1b io b t t~ . 0~1 out of ·~ 1!.J 1. i[1y o :... ~·ber sl:i;o s i '! r oj, 2 !LiG-~ 1lc rr~ t~ .Lad for . ';i;•. elm :i.'l ·U:1.0 nii ~·- s~~ 0:,,;;.c 0 1 i;: _ ,...,,. J.. v ~ 1' .!. J ,, . -. .i.;.. .:, - ,!.--' U "~- 1~- ·Gtlc 1r , "fJ ~;, (j..., C- . I:l io .. , , ... Jt:-".J ·i· • __ t. r,-, !l \., , .. •· -•-> .~ ·•C1 M "1 , 1 ;;;, .. .... v..i..U 1: , , ..... - -~ 1, "C fQr) •·· ·il'cl·i r."u -~ :_-..-' '"- l "v J. .,. v U~l ~.. ;1t cC10 ~; -~?i<t i L.:.. tio::; 12ot -~o l5tcc~iJ t~r. (110 :r· E..: cloco u.:::,~: ti.:;,. f r: (.;<.:,S &:. ~~ ::':.i: x· ct ux· .. f-:i :c c;c ~~x--:2r.: ~;:~::>t.: l ! be ci. H~l s ec..~ at ~:oa"' o ~,,..~ ~c.-1 1t ;J S'"C.. ;fC C:.~t '-, r r. 1.f' ::} i w t ~p :, ~ r~h~ r't lL fr !1h ·- 1. l d !CL V ~· c:t_; c;2 0 1:ri ft ~ x-:::Ui ttg Grid \·,'ire i.:;crccn ri 1 lJo l-' 1_. cuG ~lGC r:~ c () _r.:c o:: ;:,~l ft; Q Cl'O .;i:; t ri f·~ . �1-c Sopt. 11th - 15th. I·bnno r. ines. tf:Lo sii•l·in;;: ~-lop0 fur·i;ho:r ;:ould auvi~o doz-nil ou·;;or rdno <-', 11d ·~ho ct"rtinz of safety holo~. 'l'he ec?eeD nn : covez·i '.Ii ,:-l r;r :nge!::e,it at portal of E.::·,n'c;~~ y should be copi -::? • f: t ~in r.'!ineo. "' i-'l 0 �Sur"so o·i; c, •.11 ~ur,plio:.:i of 13-';;opp:lnr; r.m'i;0:dc..l be !;ent E ~ .z... t l o tt)p r-;toppinco ;lu 2u.l 1:ntry ~ ~. s t !-.ose plu ces· o 1.-e ., n -. . - • • • J.1.neul·.; 'GO r;o G [~urpi.:i.au to '-1uic: 'ly. 5 u• ·,·tlJ-- (:') Q'~ 'i;c,~·'. o - ~ .,_ -~ \'i~i... •. _1: ~ 1•c .-;;:.) ',o .• .., " 1 1.ti etwi rir~ d ,~ - ·--J;'J;:' .:,,..•.;. ,:, <.•·u-;• .>· 'J.~ -'Jc... -- ,..,~ .... .,_ ' \,;,li,.;,D 'i'h f.l"O '-1 r:c>:i.'e fouud in coo· eo,1ui·~icn c.n~ uuci cric:lox- ·J,j , ~\; ~:ar1! .. 1 l~ ·c od p:::l<J!i o :..d.c.:h:. ' C \'.fl [.) t :l • ..:... ' 0 l !l~, CC'GOl' !l wc2.1~ ::.elf :i"' OCCUE:I'G • !', i nco 'Gil. l l: S"G o.,~,los.:i.m. i t L- i ';;r.l· r..~il'J 1,:vn imvo thcr~ vttu.chod : o i;it .ii.~ 1•:•· :~. ':c:. •• o L! ~t,..:;8 r o ,., pL l o.s- ·:n·i~ og lt:i't u:i.t; u t,i ;:;lo_·ei sonc :; opa # s~ ::. 0 • :.:,rt u ·i-~'-lo ·i; c.:i cl1>so to lif) of top cov.lo :i~:it;Qvcr 0 • :!e;.:i ·:.,_. te ·00 ci:l ~.i(..d~(! -;~·: , .1: · .:ul:i. r; of 'i. he:::e pi llt~re no ! -~-~ ,1 t ll ·: t •Z'( · oo.:.l.JL !...:: w,: by ::.:er~ 1.-;JAO h!.:!V'O h· .<1 JCD.l'O of c-~:._ <,·:i i ~~Ct; r;l ~!i ·:,;he': . _ ·1J !.:.no·:: ·i; l ci.i:- •• c·;;iot.lS o u:to:r~ii_~ i E.1 ••• lti~ u it1c l 0 6t.ne irl off shif·~ JOriod oo '.:'i. ·, .~_ L•• .,re_l r,:.:, u .Jo iH -the. r o rur. t:llu~ c., pillui•3 01·0 b~irlG 0 ~ t~r \ (:, '"'i: ~J.L~: ~ -~oo t.Jt ~ e ttt '.: .. tl. lo::_ diUi stG°GiG ..l 5 a·~ !10 bo lJ ~ D oi' t c A' o,.:~ . X·~ ·Gt, ~\}rJ GO Oo t':ict t.:irr. h· ,ti t.~~1~ w~ 0 v !3'?t C: o·e;.:. sLfclyo .:.1.., s~i1: ; ?oA. ,~\ J ::.~. ' l j t... f;O l i ~h r,lLcc u ic t/Ct'Y Uifiie;ul~ti . ;.; ifi;:t2vt 1 ..:L.: .: · !' ~:..,~ l :i.VCc~'·(,i(F '1:.Lil[i -~il O "J1.dd 11 ceis uetc-.to.: th.: ch r •cfl::.l:;; ,w·=-11 cpp:ovco ':.J•/ ·~ho 3ur <-,,,u of t':.5.!.100 • .!, :.1 ~ 2i ' C tiLe f.Jc:.fe:t~ Co~ t-~ '"· · n~c; ..cmt Oil th~ :~:ll ·tripo ~-- w \· l,c ,: occiblo ·,;n t.:·: ecicicH'Lly r-:lctt:-;;e the1:-. r:nun r-~n .•,,~! ~ . - h e: y· 1 VC"'CO. ,0'l'· ·i;'•i • l...:, ' r ·,ox·k ·i f - nG,S.ue O.i.' z-ope I~ 0 t.~:,)··~'-'L: :~;~. - ..:;:/ n .)~1 \ ,~: j,:ck .ifou ~rnl ...,~..:Gu \, oul..' b o nn~· 0 - ' -; i~ ,..•·i-o" -:-i, :,,r;; .,,:•• Ci'M1C0 ie Cron off 0 .;.v.:. fo.l ~ ... J - ... n . ~- ;l.-, u,-•¥"'·1 ,•. u,: ,-:• ._~ - l. 1-.,,L .,J, ,.l t'. 0-1:: t he:. ":,!,c. ~ni \·: ...1 lc1 h:.. re t.:;or. "' ch::. :c:0 ·~:> ~ot oH in c:~c·;) ~ ~· at ~~: :; ox· Ct1~ira; r~.ilu!:C: o �3-c '1': it:i •• • ~;o i'an c for this r.tln::i ni,;}ht lc;;cl t,~ cnm1;lict..tiom, shoult.1 s·i;op . 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'i::,· ::,l,o·, i?- 0 ..:. i: • fen ~: ,.,i.; l L, sui.:;gest cto~n~~ :,~, '.: u:i.lt - ~ r b L.. ~ · . .: u l c 1 .~, • li...:.!~ • . 0 ... • • - • :.t..., ,8 t_:,c ·~ • • .... ~1e LlC OO~!"LJ, ,·J-· 1 :) .,_ ,•• ~ " l:"'~I~ ... t.. • ••t.,t.,.;...i • -1 •,.c~ • e-:; , -~i : l ~~ - ~ • 4_. A. tt" ,. , 1. J - " l i . r : . '• -· A :,r\,i.,1.u-..i..C. .. t., .l..\J .. ·,t.:. ~·Q ·'. t r,·~ ,+ ~ 1 c ,~-~ ~ 1 ~• • ~ ••V•S :-V t;• 1 "V \:-:. tr"· ~ S'C, J. ~ •~:a.Oras iOA• t rl Cl. 4'. .t...,v - ~ --- !)ilO , .._ , ,: l, ,)' U~C i \! ct ur; :;i c:J , ·to be kllpt ft.s i cnuri. opGz:, 1 f ' c'i ,.,, , .-: · ~ c.· <..._J ur· ts• i. .. ~ . c':. 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A Zoy 1~!-'.d_e· · ~c oc..i·.. e·- r:itt1 tJ-!s ort:. r::o • o.ttei"y lo~ :.-0·c.1·H.U ::· ·~1r::.n._, on 3 .J or ••iJ lb. l'~ i l i:.!~o or10;.--:::ticm.s 1:: ul d 1Jc ct ~~ - :-1.1..~ ~1~ ~ ei' \ic lc1~·~• .,1·:,i1 r:Jct:~ tlj i vt:t: !Hi ·i· ::: ::;l.1·1:~c · .1:~ ~·ull liei 5ht. of : , 1 -~r ·: .!1 :...t.C 3 ·1:i.Hr,~s i uUd bo l r.-r :c:1· i ; ·L\1oy Ol'C t.o .. L:'o l of·.~ t.,·~:::.1: ---~uE_;. L'il'icic~.: ~:· uo·:; G1.ti'i'icicnt pillv~·o \'iv :t"C pr:J\/"i~c; 101· in .!/ ~1:..: :.;o :.. t:; s~ucr· z(; ti·· ci 'i.:oei1 or; ~ 1-'o:r ~Gtm : ,.oridi1[,C s G.:c:c-~ o ::iu i.·:·~~o ovc ·lyii~~ ~.1 c co. 1 ·to ;:;c; :.incd b e co.:t:)-:.1., ~ [."~ )::...1. _u.:·z plt-r:.:.o ~ -~o Gt::-;; '~tc ~opti1 c:r __,., ., : l'- &J._,,_"".t.. ' ....:., ~ .... • t ·, cc e;.n Ucy ,..,ys ~c;; • "I p~.t! ol .1:c. £:P- m;y :~x:c::; r;oulG :,;ui;;:.;cct fo x· puncl:;; ·,;it;. frcd: ' h· r;_ :.it :n: :,' or " d e ::;1•atoL'.;. () t c:::cJ- ciucs ..:..nlc ~s t he pn~Gls :;:::n b :i c;;:;_1,'.)~. ·:; cor,: cti:>n ·c -;'t.,:aE:r• lo,jiz:ls beforr.; roo::1::. or£: tur •• cc oi' i L 10 ·r:ci-ltcd. 1 . X 0:'10 ·tr-ivs c::.n t:ic Z'l,1'1 in Gt: c}l ;nt.l':f O'i: :,n.ol£ ;;ho:re \;;,.1l(.· 1..'.)t i.J o hh o 1::-.ul"i:.iplicity c'l sr;.l.tc'::ca -~!lTG ui·o :fou:act . 1 ..t. • " ' ' -~ ·.-.. 0 l Gl.• '- ,.,. i Ci. r.•:L~::_c c·:1.::.. - y ..\:-1Gl~ ~UA2l0Uti'5 lJ ~ "' ...,..., r ~~• ' • .•~ ' ~ r o;10 ~ culuso r,ould be cci" er. Sut:gcst. ·1o i'-' t;:;rldn~G i' or !hc~e r.,:i.· o ~~ ~rtic o. be I l ~m.ccl s, r •:; o pcz-;,.d.t :;:;eal:.1.ngtc. co utmc o;;..i. r. t h... d or.r.ry ,·o e:, r!t:i.o;:,c, 1 :i. ''Ge;.oi-c,1 LG~Y.Vi.-!• u•" 1 i'oul'~C. ,.::. ~;y ;:;cc.il'.1 h1 ; -1: r.-J.ne uiz'e c·c.ly -:rn ;;. in i Htr. kc 1::'.;:..•.:02, ·.,:0 ,..::. ~:; o:r t.1000 ·.: .. •. r · ·•·,..• . 1ru1dr --;· c ·.-2 r:bich . r)i' c0u.· ::;c, ~,:() '~ i •• 0 ;'..hO V -"" ) -., -~•-- :;· h ,, ·\ '(· oo~~ . . +~.o +.h.: . . ·,o~tti: ,- X· CC.' S • :i:t r:~t ~ ir...A1sc.:dt!lo .\ .s. ....,. ..... -.. 4':.,,..b .,.. a ...,_. t.. - - \.l u. O 41.J 1.-1 _.,.. C'T i-- _, <J ' ~' • , . • " ..i. • -~ c ,.;:c·~ c l o c 0 c::ough -to tt;O or ·L:11· c o:i: ·11t:ec ~c: lo 't,U c:~c ~~,h~c -~1:cr:i bcc:-: use 0 £ ·:,;hio u.ao . 1 1~0 c 1 -~ ._i ·o t. 'c: ::;so �,. HAflNA ff .lb. plr. ces u erc not ea sy to get through a nd fire bosses should 1:m very Gar e i'ul i n a pprot.. chin·~ them. Gt.rn:1:1.t inc t he co--: l mTf c0s ,.ro und t ho se:als rioulcl hol p to 'd.Gi1t ·JJ- tlic::1 ~ nd' ~ f il..~cri'. cout, u m,,i:t cd on scLlo ,;mu l tl rso . ·n ·c "'i ll up voids 1-: ottor- t hr. ...~rue; ph: s tezing. Ii' p:Ul~i"L, C:.E:e uot ')Ull.od d1.:r~ z-oor;1s £: re f i nichec.l tho s-t: O! ' - tt. ou:l.tl i,u crc s ci=cu.·L·c,e[J o t foc:cr;, -thrn.. oughly c:l e, ncti Q ':{! t i!~m :i' ;; cu :;·::.e : . If l\ ; '.!lCl i c ·to be ,:b··nti OilCd 'oli· 1·r,. lengtt. ::if ·;.irm ucml,) s;i:::;gc ct ·it be coaled r, f teirr.; l oi rd--~~ 0 1!(! 1~:,c~r. ciuctiil,... o :i'hCA.. 0 f'l r c l e r i o open ti r e~!:: :i. n ·.:;,. :.:.:3 nina ·(,l ""t :t vc Ll'C:, ..':.nc c::>t·;l on .i'l ::wr a 1)d ~t'e 1.o cici t.t tto· l,. bl o 7hc.?~·~ ir= 1.:1:t ~.le shJJ ~~!ln[:; C.ur~ i1~:. ti!c o! ~if'G Ll th en.Ar:; ! in ur,kr(· --.., ur.5.vi; ~: of c • 8r-;~ e L1·i;e ~i1 the hir)1 dck oi' 1: a' ;."u !J 1t-Qt ·n:: . :. t; ci, t.. "~;l·ir1!~ ~h::lt . !':he:..:~ u.-,- rt!i 2e c~ansc;ut &~ to 11~ dnd 0 l. 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FAIIRALLOY AMSCO MANGANESE STEEL and other AMSCO Alloys and Products r Volume II, No. 4 FAHRALLOY Pin Barn April, 1930 No. 830 Chain With F-2 Attachments r~'-""-c ,) The group of L oop Type FA HRALLOY P in Bar illustrnled is P~:t ~f a ,;hipment t o IL midwes te rn en~me(ing company. These bu rs, weighin g t172_pounds each, are for use Ill l11 gh tempe rature enameling ovens, handlin g wet enameled pa rts through t he "heat zo ne" where enamel is heat hardened. F AHR ALLOY offers ma ny outs ta ndin g ad va ntages on wo rk of this nature as it is entirely un affected by t emp eratures up t o and over 2000 ° F. and do es not burn, scale, crack or sag even a fter repeated heating and cooling. It is idcallr applied wherever heat and corrosion resistance is required in machine o: equipmen! pa rts, and is made in many different analyses, each particularly smtable to some peculiar condition or process. Most analyses are machinable and all offer complete heat and corrosion resistance for the purpose intended. \\ rite for complete details on this super-metal. Four Years to the Day Quoted below is a letter signed by Mr. C. C. Fisher, Plant Superintende~t, Nat!onal Ro~k Pro~ucts Company, Los Angeles, California. It .1s particularly mterestmg to note in this letter Mr. Fisher's remarks regarcHng the 25° cable bend ·over the AMSCO Sheave and the fact that cablo life is throe to fiv e time.• a.• /0119 as when used with ordinary cast iron sheaves. The characteristic polish that AMSCO Sheaves take after u shorl time in service and the hard, tough nature of AMSCO Manganese Steel are the reasons for extended cable life, an argument long used for AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves that has been again confirmed by this user's experience. • "In answer to your letter of January 20, 1930, am very pleased to inform you that I have u~ed one of your 24" Manganese Cubie Sheaves in continuous service for a period of four years almost to the day. . . "This sheave curries u I" steel cable at about a 25° bend and has delivered to our plant approximately 550,000 tons of sancl and gravel up a 88 per cent incline. "Cables last 8 to 5 times as long us with the ordinary cast sheave. thus saving loss of time, labor an·d temper. "Am highly pleased to recommend these sheaves and the usi, of Manganese Steel in various other clrpnrtments of tht> snncl nncl grnvl'I business." • Thew Shovel Uses AMSCO Dipper The illustration (on page two), a Lorain-75, fitted with an AMSCO Manganese Steel Dipper, recalls the passing of the site that was u land mark and gathering point for New York's elite for many years-that of the old Waldorf Astoria Hotel. This famous hostelry was demol(Oonlinued on Pago !, Oo!umn I) .( .,.✓~" :---:-:----7·•- The illustration shows 212' of Manganese Steel No. 880 Chain with F-2 Attachments every other link. A sand and gravel dredging customer of ours in Michigan, who is thoroughly pleased with AMSCO Pumps because of their efficiency and economy, uses this chain in their sand scraper box naturally for the two reasons of resistance to wear and breakage, and the good workmanship in our shop. Last November they reported that they had used AMSCO Chain all season without the slightest trouble and considered it a commendable record because of -p revious less favorable experienct- with other makes of chain and ordinary metals. Chains of almost every size and class, and sprocket and traction wheels of sizes to match are available in AMSCO Manganese Steel, affording users the maximum of life and freedom from trouble and breakdown. \Vhere the service Is most severe-the loacls the heaviest -in dirty, gritty work-where shocks, wear and abrasion quickly destroy ordinary chain-there use AMSCO Manganese Steel Chain. Once used, always demanded. Pace One �J h ,. A M S C O II 11 I I ,. 1 i n 1:-:-::?\pril I, 1930 Vol.II No.4 Vol. II-No. 4 T h e A ,v ! SC O 8 1Jl f .,1 i n April 1,.1930 ~;.. ' • .Thew Shovel Uses AM§CO Dipper assembled, and is made for use with standard attachments :~ idler wheels. r" (Cont in ued jrom Page 1, Colu mn 1) Features of this improved chain arc (!)-Exceptionally lon g life due .to the d~sign_ a_nd the use of AMSCO Ma nganese Steel (2) - A link to_ lmk bearmg .Jomt thut does not "cut out" (3) - Drsigncd fo r use with standa rd log clogs, a ttachments, etc., a nd to run on the usual ty p~s of tai~ shea ves, slip irons or con,·cyor holtoms (·1·) - Spccially designed drive sprockets ure made w ith out remo vubl c tee th but un· reversi~le when worn, addin g to tl\eir li fe which always is ns long as t~1e chum, ev~n under most_ se,·c!c se r vice condi t ions (li) - So ft iron riv~_ts, h?t. drive~: fill the lmk holes compl etely, makin g n. ri!:(i<l yet fl exible ,1omt. !hey take no wear bccn usc nil l.Jl' ndi n!-( acti on nnd sprocket wheel contact fu ll on th e link fac,·s. ish~d to _make room for the new Emp ire Duilding, an 80 story edifice '':h1ch will be th<: world's tallest oflicc building, topped hv the largest airplane beacon m the United State's. • Plate l'!o. I. Plate No. 2 Plate No. 3 The sizes now a rn iluble Photo h!I Ch eesman , lf cw Yorf,; City " rhile n°,. ?perating details are available on the yardage handled or the ~en ice rendered by the AMSCO Dippers employed on this exca..-atio_n work, it is an interesting fuct that AMSCO Made Parts ~~d Equ~p~ents. are employed on ulmo~t every major construction .I b, to say nothmg o~ the thousa nds of s mullPr j ohs on which we ha..-e no check and wluch never get into the news columns. The New York Vehicular Tunnel, the Ohio River Canal \Vork and the Great Lakes Improvement Program arc jus t a few noteworthy, mod~rn-day -~evelopments on which AMSCO Dippers, Dipper Teeth, Buckets, Chams, Sheans_, Pumps, Cutter Heads and other equipments_ ha..-e played an act1,·c part. In fact, wherever shock, wear ancl a brasion arc enc?untercd, AMSCO .Manganese SlPel is used, for it possesses a_peculmr toughness a nd resistance to wear that is so fully developed m no other metal or alloy commercially practical today. • AMSCO Riveted Coil Type Chains Now Made in Nine §izes Approximate W eight Dimensions P e r F oot in Indies in P ounds lxl %x6 .... .. . . . . . ... 12 lxl'!'.1 x8 .............. 12 1/~ 11/.1 x2x8 .. .... . . . .... . 18 I 1/~x21/., x8 . . ...... .. . 26 1/.t 1%x2 1/ 1 x8 . .... .. ... .. 32% 1 % x2-7 / 16x!) .......... :!31/~ I % x2 1/:,x10 ......... . . 3-1, l 1/~x2¼ x8 ( E xtra Hea \"y Type) .. . . . . 3·1• 2x3x10 . . . . . . . ........ Ii:! i. I Head wha t thb USl"r of A:\I~CO H.i\·eted Coil T~·pe Chum has to say ahout th!'ir installation wl;ich is now thre~ and one-half yt·ars old. ""·e ha ve your letter of February 12 and it is with ,·ery grea t pleasure that wt• give ~·ou a report on llw service obtaint•cl from Your riv~ted coil type log haul cham. 0 "This chain hns been run ning in our i\Iill No. 2 niµ-hta nd day for three and onehalf years, and has hauled up approximately 401 ,li00,000 feet of logs. "\Ve have no troubl e with the chain, dogs or sprockets and at the present time this equipment shows practicalh· no signs of wear. • "You have our permission to U5e this letter in selling this chain to other prospective U5ers." (name on request) The, n~w A_MSCO Rivete_d Coi~ Type Chain, now made in nine sizes, Is a dIStmct improvement m design over welded coil chain because it h?s a 1;11aximum joint b~aring equal in diameter and length to the d1mens1on between the side bars. Welded coil chains when new have only poi~t c~ntact and bearing, and although this area increases with wear, It IS still- small when the chain is finally worn and discarded. A?tlSCO Riveted Coil Type Chain, besides having the major advantage of the large bearing surface, is easily assembled and dis- By J on N R . LYoxs, .LJ.US CO R esearch Doparlmont In all ca r wheel foundri es, railroad repai r shops, car building plants or whereve r wheel mounting is clone, there is a piece of equiprncnt called a wheel p ress whi ch is des igned to dismantle wheel and nxlc units by fo rcing th e wheel fr om the axle under a press ure of ap proximately fifty t ons. T his press is equipped with n. cas ting known as a resistance block whi ch ser ves as a buffer in removin g the wheel from the axle, and its function is to absorb t he wea r due to thi s high pressure. Castin gs of va r io us alloys have been tried in an endeavor to get a steel wh ich wo uld r ender a good ser vice and the best r esult that could be atta ined was by the use of a s teel which las ted three months, at which ti me the eas tin g had worn to such an extent that it was necessary to add ser vice plates to increase the life of the easting. This particula r case seemed to be an ideal application for Manganese Steel because the alternate applications of pressure would peen harden the steel and increase its wear resistance. Two castings were made for the Ha=ond, Indiana Works of the Southern \Vheel Company for test purposes, and while the results to date aren't conclusive, the service nt present proves the superiority of Manganese Steel. To demonstrate this contrast, three pictures were taken, one showing the Manganese Steel resistance block after three months' wear (Plate No. 3) and the other two, alloy steel resistance blocks after they were used the same period of time (Plates No. l and No. 2)for removing lli00 to 2500 pairs of wheels per month. The alloy steel blocks show excessive wear and the need of service plates (Plate No. 1) and a fracture (Plate No. 2). The Manganese Steel (Plate No. 3) shows that it has been peened down, but now it is in ideal condition for complete wear and shock resistance, the two qualities for which this steel is widely noted. These castings weigh approidmately 120 pounds each and cost about 32c per pound for tl1e alloy steel blocks and about 13c per pound for Manganese Steel, a saving in itself that is distinctly worthwhile. - - - - - - - - - . () • Page Two Pictured above is part of a shipment of Draw Bench Chains and Sprocket Wheels made for a well known engineering company, manufacturing draw bench equipment. • This shipment of AMSCO Manganese Steel Parts consisted of 416 -8½" pitch, side bars and 208---4"%" pitch, center links, and 2--5 tooth drive sprocket wheels, 1-8%" machine bore and the other, 8 11/16" machine bore, both having ground keyways and machined hub ends. The experience of users of this type of ·e quipment bas proved the _merit of AMSCO Manganese Steel for this work, it being n well established fact that Manganese Steel when of the proper analysis and heat-treatment, has an austenitic structure that gives great toughness, ductility and shock resistance. A peculiar property of the metal is that it work hardens very rapidly and it is probably due to this characteristic that Manganese Steel is so sen·iceable under severe wear and impact. Spools and Sheaves Two types of standard AMSCO Sprock• ct Wheels for use with AMSCO Riveted Coil Type Chain arc shown. N otc: Teeth are not removable but entire sprocket is reversible to make both sides of the tooth surface available. Excavator Buckets, Clam· shells, Dippers and Dipper Teeth, the most abused equipment used in stripping, digging and excavating operatiom, are assured a vastly longer life when made of AMSCO Manganese Steel. The six 8" O. D. 6" face Manganese Steel Spools and four 61/.i " O. D. Sheaves illustrated are part of a shipment to a Minnesota Coal Dock. On similar sheaves previously purchased from us they say, "Our past experience in using AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves has been very satisfactory, as we have had 6" sheaves in our car hauls for about four years, and the wear is very slight." (Nnme on request.) <) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,, .. • ,...•- Draw Bench Chains and Sprocket Wheels Mang2tllese Steel Resistance Blocks I In one sense the yield point is rather low. However, as the ste~l starts to stretch, it immediately stiffens up very radically and this increase in yield point is progressive almost to the ultimate strength. This ability of AMSCO Manganese Steel to build up a new, high yield point is the prime reason for its resistance to extreme shock as such shock stresses result in a higher resistance against further stresses of like degree. • This building up of strength and ha:dness .is a very rapid I?rocess and very soon uFter the chain has been m service, maximum res1stnnce to breaknge stresses and to abrasion is reached. \Ve are not only equipped to make the very best possible Manganese Steel chain so far as analysis and heat treatment are concerned, but to test draw bench chains up to 150 tons before shipme1\t. \Ve are of course, not confined to any one design, but can furnish the design best suited the conditions. PaaeThree �Vol. II-No. 4 The AMSCO B ulletin April 1, 1930 Sheave Service Recordls ! Two Sheaves from a group recently shipped from our Chicago Heights Plant-at the left a four spoked 22" 0. D. 104 pound sheave; at the right a plate center 17½" O. D. 92 pound sheave. From a shipment of 24 Sheaves ordered by a large overhead crane manufacturer. The President of a Massachusetts Sand and Gravel Company. Sheaves ordered in 1926-January 28, 1930"It gives us a great deal of pleasure to· s tate unresen·edly that we have found th,e manganese sheaves we purchasd from you in 1926 and 1927 everything which you claim for them us to wear, service and dependability. We would no more think of going buck t_o the old type sheaves we were using at the time we placed our first order with your representatives than we would consider screening sand by hand for the market today. • "We operate two oversize derricks with buckets of two and two and one-half yard capacity respectively, and during the past three years we have run continuously in all kinds of weather from nine to fourteen hours daily, with but one shut-down of two weeks for repairs. \Ve could not have accomplished this had we been sub.iect to the sheave and cable trouble we experienced before we became acquainted with your products." The Enitineer of a New England Gas Company. Sheaves bought in 1927-January 80, 1930"The AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves referred to in your letter are still in use and have proved very satisfactory. \Ve have no hesitation in stating that these greatly outwear ordinary cast iron sheaves and are generally superior." A Massachusetts Contr.a ctor, January 30, 1930"I used AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves on a Bearcut Shovel in 1927 with most satisfactory results. I am at present using an Osgood Conqueror and have not, us yet, been obliged to replace the sheaves, but when I do replace them I shall certainly replace them with Manganese Steel because of their strength and durability to stand hard usage." The Purchasing Agent of an Eastern Dock Company, January 31, 1930"We have had four of these sheaves in operation on fair lead "of bridge for seven months. They arc standing up all right." :'.: The Superintendent of Waste Disposal of a Metal Mining Com• pany, January 10, 1930"We find the Manganese Sheu\"es very satisfactory in the crane service. We use them extensh·ely in our buckets and they seem to have no limit to their life. I would say that we can notice no extreme wear to cables, due to roughness of the sheaves. Some of these sheaves we have had for ten years or more and an occasional bushing is all they need. I would state from my experience that Manganese Steel Sheaves are to be recommended for service on Industrial Locomotive Cranes, on the boom and elsewhere." A Dock Superintendent, February 4, 1930"Our mechanic reports that the sheaves mentioned were installed as holding rope sheaves on our electric cranes in 1926 and so far have shown very little wear. He claims that with the ordinary sheaves he had used previous to this, replacement would be necessary at least every two seasons under present conditions, and says that the service given by the manganese sheaves is very satisfactory In comparison to the ordinary sheaves." A California Truclcinii concern, February 6, 1980"We are pleased to inform you that we have u.sed your sheaves and found them very satisfactory in every respect and we arc at all times ready to recommend tl1em to others." <!);-------------,~-- . p "d nt of a Southern Dry Dock Company. ~eaves Tl IC V ICC• res• e 30 bought in September, 1926-January 29, 19 "The AMSCO Manganese Steel Sheaves we purchased from you were used on construction work for our cust~mer an~ we have Ima the very best reports possible from the use of th1_s matc n_al. Our custo~er advises they gave him exceedingly good ~crv1ce and m all probability are still in use as he disposed of the equipment abou~ a. year ag?. As stated before, we have always fo~d AMS_C_O ;?nterinl of the lughest grade and of exceedingly long lasting qualities. The Manager of a Colorado Gravel Producer, f nnunry 22, 1930"We have your letter of January 20 regardin g Ma nganese Steel Sheaves which you furnished our co!"pnny in 1926: W e find ~hese sheaves arc working very satisfactorily and outlastmg t he ordmar~· sheave a good many times over. We feel that these shea \Tcs, whilt· costing considerably more than the orclinn:y •shenvc, a re l'ery much more economical in the long run, and we mtcnd to replace some of our other sheaves with Manganese." The Superintendent of a Minnesota Coal Dock Company. Sheaves ordered in 192,!,-January 23, 1930"Thc manganese steel sheaves, or rope carriers wh ich you furnished us, arc giving splendid satisfaction nncl we arc very much pleased with them." The Purchasing Agent of a California Rock Producer, J a nuary 24, 1930"Our experience with your Manganese Steel Sheav es has so far pro,·ed favorable. It is possible to purchase steel shea,cs at a much lower price than those furnished by you; however, we feel that the added expense bas its adrnntages. '\Ve have no complai nt to make regarding the service of your sheaves." The President of an Arizona Rock Company, Janua ry 23, 1930"To date this sheave has not been placed in se r vice and consequently we are not in position to comment. It has always been our experience that manganese steel in cases of severe abrasive service has proved superior to ordinary steel." The Secretary of a New England Harbor Dredge Company, January 22, 1930• "We think it sufficient to say that all users of heavy duty sheaves know full well the dangers and never ending troubles due to breakage and replacements. We have had our full share of such experiences. . "Against such conditions we are glad to state that the four 24" Al\ISCO Manganese Steel Sheaves delivered to us about September 1, 1927 from your New Castle plant arc still in place on one of our 6-yd. dredges. They are satisfactory in every way, and also economical." I I A ·part of a s_hipment of one hundred 36" diameter sheaves from ou,: St•. Louis Foundry. to a midwcstern oil supply company. This shipment of travebng block sheaves weighed 19,300 lbs. The Superintendent of a Massachusetts Gas Works January 26, 1930' "Our records show that we purchased from you in November, 1926, two Manganese Steel Sheaves and in April, 1929, four Manganese Steel Sheaves. At the present time two of these are in stock, three are in service and one has just been removed for rebushing. Presumably the one just removed was one installed on the first order and was put on not long after it was received. The groov.e in this sheave looks very good and we can get a great deal more service from it." (Oontinu,d on Page G, Oolumn /) April 1, 1930 WHO'S WHO AT AMSCO? dredging of gold bearing gravel. It is worthy of note that one of the · operations he visited and sold on AMSCO Manganese Steel has since established the record of digging 15 ,500,000 tons of gold bearing gravel with a single set of 9 ½ ft. capacity AMSCO Buckets which were in constant operation for some 17 years. We p resent m this issue William M. Black, "Bill" Blac k t o his many friends m The Eastern Territory who have come in contact with him in his present day capacity as Eastern Sales Manager of the AMSCO organization. "Bill" came to this company in the Spring of 1912 and made his start with us in the foundry of the Chicago Heights Plant where he spent several years learning the many details of making Manganese Steel. While being "exposed" to the many ramifications involved in the making of Manganese castings for shock and abrasion resistant purposes, he spent much time studying the many manufacturing problems that beset the special alloy casting manufacturer and so is well qualified by knowledge and experience to fill the position he holds today• After his early training in the Chicago Heights Shops, and a fin- Later, on returning to the States, he enishing course in selling the prod- tered the AMSCO Sales Departucts he had learned to make, he ment in charge of the Pittsburgh d~cided that a knowledge of the Territory where he held forth until the latter part of 1927, with application of these products the exception of his time in servwould round out his educational ice during the World War, when career on Manganese Steel-so he served as a Lieutenant in the he journeyed forth to the Gold U.S. Ordnance Department. Fields of Alaska to study the gold In 192 7 he was placed in mining operations of several charge of the New York Office of large companies. the company at 230 Park AveAt Nome, Alaska, he came in nue, New York City, and later in contact with several large dredge the same year was promoted to operations and saw, first hand, the position of Eastern Sales the severe service to which Man- Manager, which position he now ganese Parts are put in the placer holds and ably fills. WILLIAM M. BLACK Poee Five Paee Four VoLII-No.4 T h e AMS CO Bulletin ·•¢1- - - - - - - - - - - -,¢ ·· �April 1, 1930 Vol. II-No. 4 flt" AMSCO B 11ll ~ tin T h e AMSCO Bu ll e tin April 1, 1930 Sheave Service Recordls ! (Continued f rom Pa9c ,l, Column &} Way Back \tVhen The President of a Pennsylvania Trap Rock Quarry Company. Sh,~avcs ~ought in 1925----Janunry 27, 1930Replymg to your recent inquiry as to the use of your Manganese Steel Sheaves beg to advise th a t we fo und t hem ve ry satisfa ctory. I'.1 fnct _the only ones we purchased from yo u la t erl cvcral years a nd \\ ere discarded on a ccoun t of changes in opera ti on of the pla nt. They were not worn out and showed very li ttle wea r. \Ve wo uld r ecommend th em highly in prefe rence to the ordi na ry cast steel wheel." A Pennsylvania Building Brick Company. Shea ves purchased in F ebruary, 1926----Ja nuary 28, 1930"Thc_ AMSCO Ma ngan ese Steel Shca ,·cs we- purchased fr om yo u ha".c given us entire satis fa ction. Si nce us in g t hese we ha ve not been obliged to replace them. This appli es to all olh e r equipment rece ived from you." The Manager of a North Carolina Quarry Compan y. " \ye find it pa~s big divicl encls t o use :\l an ~a ncse Sheaves a the hfc 1s fully four times that of ordina ry ones a nd t he t ime element fo r installing is consirlerable. Use this if needed. " The Manager of a Coal Dock Company on th e Great Lakes Ja nua ry ~l~- ' Vol. II-No. 4 Because some of the old timers (a nd even a few of "us moderns" ) are ,~ont to reminisce a bit a nd tell of the jobs and specia l c~s tmgs of a nother day, made way back when some of th e big bosses of today we re just learning the \\'hys • and. ,~hercfor es of Man ganese Steel, we arc going to print in each iss ue of th e AMS CO BU LLETIN illus trations a nd stories of work tha t was don e by A;\'ISCO -many years ago-way back when Manganese Steel was first commercially made and on clown through the yea rs nntil the \\'oriel \Var sa w it widel y used on heavy duty, seve re scn ·ice equipment of every kind . • L, I • rt · I ..., "We have used AMSCO ?llan ga nese Sled Sheaves in va r ious installations in ~onneetion with our <locks and wi ll . uy tha t I find t hem perfectly satisfactory and more economical than or di na ry- steel shc'.1,·es. \~e find tl1em t~uqh a ~d stron g, a nd that the g roove 'take on a high polish, thereby ehmmatm g rope wea r. Y ou p roba bly will note from our requisitions that we arc orderin g Ma nga nese Li ps fo r our clamshell buckets and replacin g us fas t as poss ible many of our worn steel parts for manganese whereve r poss ible." 1 I ( A group of tube mill gea rs and pinions, some of the first M_an i;:ancsc Gears mud~ for use in this service in the Chicago District. The gears weighed 7,000 pounds each and the pinions, 6,lQ pounds each. The official poser (you'll see more of him) was also styl e setter for Chicago Heights on what the well dressed foundryman should wear! Some Chollie, we'd say. §hipper §haft Pin.ions 9uot~d below is a letter from the Gen eral Superintendent of 1111 Ohio_ L1mes~one company (name on reques t) , eoumwnting on the service received from a set of Al'vlSCO Shipper Shaft Pinions, illustrated above. "In answer to your letter of January 17, regarding the service we have had from AMSCO Manganese Steel Shipper Shaft Pinions that we arc using on our ste111n sho,·cls, we equipped the first shovel with these pinions in March, 1929 and the slHJ\'cl worked two 10 hour shifts per day until November 1st anu has been working since then on a single shift. "These pinions do not show any wear and look as if they would be good for 11nother season. "Until we put on the A)1SCO Pinions, four to five months on u single shift was good sen•icc. Necclless to say we are equipping all of our shovels with AMSCO Pinions." 8 Yard Bucket Weighs 22,669 Pounds The 8-yard dredge bucket, illustrated, made for a Gre11t Lakes dredging concern, is a typical application of the superior shock and wear resistant qualities of AMSCO Manganese Steel. The total weight is 22,669 pounds, the bucket being entirely of Manganese Steel with the exception of the rivets, pins and shaft. As e~·err dredge opera to r kno\\'s, in a built-up type of bucket the extreme cl1ggmg shock and stresses distort the plates and loose n the rivets. To eliminate the poss ibility of distortion th e AMSCO Half Shells are rnaclc as one-piece Manganese Steel castin gs, leaving no possibility for loosening and very littl e likelihood of breakage. The rigid Manganese Steel Uprights permit even operation in opening and closing. In the AMSCO Bucket either rope or chain can be used, which makes for eas ier repairs on the job. Of course the great s trength, shock resistance and wear resistance afforded by Manganese Steel Castings, of which the bucket is entirely constructed, assures the operators of longer life from parts that are subjected to shocks and wear. Simplicity of design allows for repairs ancl replacements to be made with great facility, and this fact alone often eliminates serious delays and costly shut-downs. \Ve have made a number of these buckets during the past few years, and all of them have gi\'en splendid economy and first class efficiency. \\Then you buy Buckets, Clamshells, Orange Peels, Grabs or Dippers, be sure to specify :Made of A:MSCO j)fan.gmieRc Steel. It is your guarantee of maximum service. AM§CO Feeders Handle Stone A recent installation of AMSCO Feeders, engineered and installed by the Stephens-Adamson Manufacturing Company, is that of two 36" units recently put into operution a.t Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Company. The AMSCO Manganese Steel parts consisted of: 84--9" pitch x 86" wide pans, weighing 80 pounds each. 168-9" pitch links and attachments-riveted to pans, weighing 21 pounds ench. 4--9 tooth-26.815 pitch diameter sprockets, weighing 212 pounds each. Page Six 4-- 22.815 0. D. traction wheels, weighing 150 pounds each. 26- 10" tread diameter flanged track rollers, weighing 2-i pounds l!llCh. 22-10" trend diameter plain truck rollers, weighing 21 pounds each. Feeder with AMSCO Pans, Links, Sprockets, Idlers and Rollers at the Elmhurst-Chicago Stone Compa ny. Feeder is 36" wide by 9" pitch by 14'6" centers. This feeder (top view) receives from the primary crusher 11nd delivers to the first belt conveyor up to the surge bin. The pans travel at a speed of 31' per minute driven by a 7½ H. P . motor and have a capacity of 800 tons per hour. This feeder (middle and bottom views) draws material from a 500 ton capacity surge bin and delivers into a Simons Cone Crusher over a special spout which can _be wheeled to either side to pass material over a straight chute into the crusher or over a bur grizzly which bypasses the fines into a belt conveyor under the crusher . The pan -speed is controlled by means of one of FJS Variable Speed Reducers from 5 to 80 FPM with a corresponding range in capacity of 60 to 350 tons per hour. A 15,000 pound dredge tumbler made in the early days for service in the Northwest on a. large gold dredge (Sh-maybe it's "Bill" Black in disguise that's keeping it from rolling away). ISSUED BY THE AMERICAN MANGANESE STEEL COMPANY, CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILLINOIS SALES OFFICES FOUNDRIES CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILL. BURNSIDE, CHICAGO, ILL. NEW CASTLE. DEL. OAKLAND, CALIF. LOS ANGELES. CALIF , DENVER, COLO. SOUTHERN MANGANESE DIVISION, ST. LOUIS. MO. CHICAGO. ILL. CHICAGO HEIGHTS. ILL . NEW YORK. N. Y, NEW CASTLE, DEL. BOSTON, MASS. EASTON. PA. Page Seven LAKELAND. FLA, PITTSBURGH, PA, CLEVELAND, O. ST. PAUL, MINN . ST. LOUIS. MO. DENVER, COLO. MEXICO CITY LYNCHBURG . VA . OAKLAND. CALIF. LOS ANGELES, CALIF, PORTLAND, ORE. SEATTLE, WASH, VANCOUVER, B. C. WINNIPEG. MAN . HOUGHTON, MICH. NEW ORLEANS. LA. BIRMINGHAM, ALA. PITTSBURG, KAS. TULSA, OKLA~ ··<>•-- - - - - - - - - - - - . . t �April I, 1930 Th e A MSCO B u l l e tin Vol. II-No. 4 l' Largest AH-Manganese Steel Dipper Ever Made The largest, all-M a nga nese Steel Powe r Shovel Dipper eve r ma de is illustrated her e -note its size compared with th e horse a nd ca rt. This mammoth powe r shovel dipper, by far the most mass ive of its ki nd ever built, was cas t a nd assembled a t the Chicago H eights Pla nt of the America n Ma nga nese Steel Company for the U nited Elect ric Coal Company, Danville, I lli nois. It is in u c a t their Duquoin Illinois Strip l\Iine under the direction of Mr. J . ,v. F cllmeth, Operat ing E ngin eer, to whom we a rc indebted for the interestin g facts presented he re. 11he dipper is 14' high ove r the bail, 12' "·ide between outsides of bail brackets a nd 14.' fr om the ends of the dipper teeth to the bottom of t he door, it weighs 37 ton s (emp ty ) a nd is of 15 cubic ya rds capacity. A busy s ta tistician has fi g ured out its weigh t as bei11g a bout 3 70 ti mes th at of the t wo girls perched on the uppe r edge of th e bucket back or a bout 7,J.o times the weight of one of the two girls, a nd almos t twice th<' weight of a ny one load of ma terial it will ha ndl e. This clipper is used at one of the largest s trip mines in Illinois, and is in service on one of the world's largest electric power shoYcls (built by the Marion Steam ShoYel Compa ny) for stripping overburden from coal. Some idea as to the size of the shovel on which it will be used is found in the fact that a full size seven passenger automobile can be driven under it when the shovel is operating on level ground. The specifications of the shovel follow: Length of boom.. . . . . . . l20 ft. Length of handle . . . . . 83 ft. Size of dipper . . . . . . .. l5 cu. yd. Working weight. . 3,300,000 lbs. 0Ycrall height . . . . . .. . 73 ft. Height of dump . . . . . 82 ft. Radius of dump .. . . .. .. 144 ft. Height of boom . . . . . .. . . . . .. ll6 ft. Bearing area on ground . .414 sq. ft. Hoist cable . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .... . .. .... 21/s in. Tbe entire plant is electrified with General Electric Co. equipment so far us it is economically possible. This includes nll of the stripper shovels, as well as the loading shovels, tipple. etc. I I I I l We've Got This Flowers and Showers story all mixed up. Some one said that something comes in like a Lion and brings April flowers or goes out like a lamb that's all wet or something-anyhow it hasn't happened where we live, and -if you've noticed any of those business charts lately, you'll see that it's good around Chicago. And maybe that's because of the many satisfied customers who are continuing to order Manganese Steel Parts and Jots of them, although our increased facilities are not taxed in any sense yet, and if you can't send in an order right away, why don't you send us an April bouquet, in the form of a Jetter, telling us of the things that AMSCO Manganese Steel has accomplished for you-and we'll let all the world know about it in some other issue of this bulletin. P. S.-It snowed yesterday. PRINTED IN THE U . S . A . • APRIL, 10lC Page Eigh1 ••<)- - - - - - - - - - - - -,.¢,• · � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/98837b002ed5b18da55705d3e50fc5f7.pdf 413c2cffa9d88d817afd7fef5e96caa8 PDF Text Text .r .:.,· \ JF ]E 1r N JFCCDRJEWIIAN§JHIITJP AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN lFOlREMANSHIP" L - ::, ..a-. �An Explanation of II afety JI.fl IForeman§hip" 0 T IS generally agreed that the foreman holds a key ways-by Group Discussion, or by Distribution to Ipoints position in industry-not only from the stand- Foremen. of quantity and quality production-but also insofar as the safety of the workers is concerned. In the past, industrial managers have appreciated the importance of the foreman, but they have frequently assumed that he knows more about accident prevention than he actually does. Thus, much less effort has been devoted to the education of foremen than to the education of workers. Regular production meetings of foremen, or foremanship training classes, are held in many companies. In such cases, one booklet in the '' Safety in Foremanship'' series may be made the subject for discussion at, say, every third or fourth meeting. If regular meetings have not already been organized, a series of special meetings may be held once a week or once a month either on the time of the men or on company time or on both. Meeting the Foremanship Problem Many managers are convinced that without letting down on other activities, they must formulate some plan whereby they can: 1. Give the foreman a. broader knowledge of accident pre- vention. 2. Inspire the foreman to make accident prevention an integral part of his job. 3. Instruct or remind the foreman concerning the definite things he must do if accidents are to be prevented in his department. 4. Give the foreman a source of ideas for discussion at safety meetings and at times when he is talking to individual workers. Seven Booklets Now Ready Accordingly, at the request of its members, the National Safety Council is formulating a series of booklets to be called "Safety in Foremanship", that will help to accomplish these objects. The titles of the :first seven booklets are : I. A Personal Message to You. 2. The Foreman's Opportunity-Production with Safety. 3. Have Yon Thought About This7 4. Do Yon Know How Much An Accident Costs7 5. Safeguards-Why and How. 6. Look Out for That First Step. 7. Are You "Following Through "7 Each booklet is short and to the point, and the whole series can be put into one book-size loose-leaf binder. These booklets a.re written so they can be used to advantage in all types of industries in either of two Plan for Distribution Copies of a given booklet should be distributed to all foremen about one week in advance of the meeting at which that subject is discussed. Each man is thus expected to read it and come to the meeting prepared to participate in the discussion. (Booklet No. 1, h01.oever, is not intended for discussion. It is simply introductory, to prepare the mind of the foremOln for the booklets to follow.) The discussion leader should be selected with considerable care. He may be an executive officer of the company, the general manager, the superintendent, the chief engineer, the safety man, or some other natural leader with a pleasing personality and the ability to get others to talk. He should not make speeches. On the other hand, he should make a few introductory remarks and then ask questions which will pump information out of instead of into his group of foremen. These questions of course should relate to the specific subject under discussion. Suggested questions and answers are printed further on in this leaflet, and are not intended for distribution to the foremen. General Discussion Valuable The men should be encouraged to volunteer in giving their answers, al-though it may be necessary (particularly at the start) to call on certain individuals. Three or four answers to the same question may be sought. These answers should then be discussed from the floor in detail. The men should not be permitted to refer to their booklets in the meetings. Instead they should be urged to talk and cite examples from their own experience. It may often be possible to emphasize certain �AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN F OREMANSHIP " ideas by reference to recent occurrences right in your own company. dnys.-In the meantime, won't you write me a brief report, telling me what you think of the whole idea in general and this booklet in particulnr'l " It is •best to organize small rather than ·1arge groups of foremen. If too many men are present, each person's participation in the discussion may be so !,imited that he will not get the benefits that are derived from small meetings. The maximum should be 15 to 20. In many plants, therefore, it may be advisable to organize two or more groups simultaneously. When opening a meeting, it is always well for the leader to review briefly the subject discussed at the preceding meeting-then to continue for just a few minutes in introducing the new subject. As already suggested he should proceed to ask leading questions which will stimulate thought among the foremen present and which will emphasize important facts that may or may not be covered in detail in the corresponding booklet. Send Him a Personal Letter If it is impracticable in certain companies to hold group discussions of the "Safety in Foremanship" booklets, the managers should distribute them to the foremen at the rate of one a week or one a month. Each booklet, however, should be accompanied with a personal letter such as: "Dear Bill: Do you remember when ,Tim Smith got hurt'l I guess we've all been thinking about it in the past few weeks. Just a day or two ago I started rending the enclosed booklet on 'Accidents Cost Money'. It ties in so perfectly with our own case that I at once became interested and read it through to the end. I know it will interest you, too. Other booklets in this 'Safety in Fore• manship' series nro to follow. I hope yon will keep them nil for future reference. I just ordered some loose-leaf binders in which to keep them. I 'II gh-e ~•ou one in n few AN EXPLANATION OF "SAFETY IN FOREMANSHIP" lumber in scaffolds'i ventablei How7 Are accidents from such causes pre- 5. Does anyone recall an accident in the company that he didn't know how to prevent7 6. Does anyone recall an accident where the price paid by the injured worker involved loss of his home-his wife or children going to work-or other kinds of privation 7 7. What is Workmen's Compensation7 Who pays it7 Why is it n good thing for the workers? (Compensation is paid by the company. The following questions are suggestions which the leader may use in leading the discussion on a given subject. Some leaders may discard one or more questions or add others. In general, the best results will be secured if the discussion can be adapted to, and reflect, actual conditions and experience of your own firm. Typical answers are given in this leaflet to many of the questions suggested, but it must be borne in mind that these answers in many cases are exceedingly brief and sketchy. They are, in the main, simply indicative of the correct answers to be given. BOOKLET No. 2 1. .A.re compensation payments, doctors' bills and hospital ex- penses the only costs of an accident7 (No.) 5. Do you know of any actual cases to illustrate these causes 7 3. If it is true that these qualifications make a foreman good for quality and quantity production, what aclditional qualifications does he need to succeed in prcYcnting accidents in his departmenH 7. If the foreman can cure the causes of bad production, he automatically eliminates the causes of accidents, doesn't he f (Same as the cause of bad production records.) (Yes.) 8. Can you think of any accidents that result from causes that arc beyond the control of the foreman f (Accidents caused by "Acts of God.") BOOKLET No. 3 "Have You Thought About This?" (97,000 total. 20,000 in industry. 3,000,000 workers injured :mnunlly; each one is forced to lay off work at least one day because of the injury. 2. What percentage of accidents is preventnblef (At least 98 per cent.) 3. What types of accidents are unnvoidablef (" Acts of God"; lightning, floods, earthquakes_. . :E:ven here the effects of such •'accidents'' can be m1mm1zed by proper precautions.) 4. What about explosions, fires, chain failures, breakage of 5. What is the cost of industrial accidents in the U. 8. every year'i 6. Who pays this loss~ (20 per cent.) (You and I.) 3. What are some of the other costs7 7. How do accident costs affect the sale of our own products? (Loss of production; damage to tools and equipmen!; loss of time of injured worker, of foreman and others m getting the worker to the hospital, in investig~t.ing, reporting, and discussing the accident; cost of h1rmg and breaking in new men.) 4. Consider n typical accident occurring in our plant and cal- culate the total cost7 (Accident costs must be included in :figuring manufacturing costs. If our costs are too high, our competitors will undersell us and drive us out of business.) 8. How does this affect us as individualaf (Our individual success is to n great extent dependent upon the success of our company.) Suggestions for Discussion BOOKLET No. 5 "Safeguards-Why and How" 1. Will safeguards around machinery and plant equipment prevent accidents? (Yea! Some, but not all.) 2. What per cent of accidents can be prevented by safeguards7 (10 to 20 per cent.) 3. If that percentage is so low why are safeguards so important in industry'i (a. Guards do prevent nccidents-i. e. .A. man can't put his hands in a set of genre if the gears are properly guarded. b. Guards give the worker a sense of security. Suggestions for Discussion 1. How many people in the U. S. lose their lh-cs in accidents each yead (The employ.er, the injured worker, his family, merchants, the community, the country.) (.A.ppronmately 3 billion dollars.) 2. What percentage are those costs of the total cost7 (Failure to issue clear instructions, failure to follow-up, inexperience, too much speed, etc.) 6. What are some of the causes of accidentsi The same qualifications make for success in both 9. Who loses through accidents~ "Do You Know How Much an Accident Costs?" 4. Wl1at are the causes of bad production recordsi 2. Do you know of any actual cases where one or more of these qualifications made for a foreman's success-or where the lack of these qualifications made for a foreman's failure~ (None! fields.) (Merely a percentage of his lost wages. Pain, suffering and a sorrow cannot be paid for with money, nor can any amount replace a father or husband, or put back a lost finger, eye, or leg.) BOOKLET No. 4 "The Foreman's Opportunity-Production with Safety" (Knowledge of the job, initiative, ability to give instruction clearly, ability to give proper supervision, leadership, loyalty, fairness, willingness to accept responsibility.) 8. Does compensation pay for the injured worker's losses1 Suggestions for Discussion Suggested Outline of Discussion Suggestions for Discussion 1. What are some of the qualifications a man must have to make a good foreman 'I It is n good thing beenuse payments are uniform and automatic; no lawyers or court proceedings are necessary.) c. Guards prove that the firm is sincere in its efforts to prevent accidents. d. They prove the foreman is sincere in his efforts to prevent accidents. e. Guards help bring out safety suggestions from the workers. f. The accidents occurring on ma~hinery are usually more serious than non-machinery accidents.) 4. Do yon know of any actual cases illustrating one or more of these points 7 5. What are some of the fundamentals that should be followed in designing, constructing and installing safeguards! (a. Guard should eliminate the hazard of accidental injury to operator and passersby. b. Should not interfere with production. c. Should be attached to machine-not to floor. cl. The equipment guarded must be easily accessible for oiling, inspection, and repair. e. Guard should not interfere with sweeping and cleaning. f. Guard must be strong enough to stand nse and abuse. g. Guard should preferably be made of metal. h. Guard should preferably be interlocked with operating mechanism. i. If possible, guard should prevent excessive wear on the part guarded.) 6. Are there e.~amples of our own equipment guarded in accordance with these fundamentals7 7. How can we get advice in deciding what to guard and how to guard it7 (n. From insurance and state inspectors. �I AN EXPLANATION OF '' SAFETY IN FOREMANSHIP '' b. From members of our safety department. c. By making a study of processes and methods. d. By getting suggestions from the workers.) (Man-to-man talk; explain why safeguards are necessary and what would happen to him and bis family, if he were injured; ask if the guard is OK, if it isn't ask for suggestions for improvement; in an extreme case resort to discipline.) 8. How can you get men to use the safeguards provided 1 Gilggles-saw guard-etc. 9 Subjects for Discussion BOOKLET No. 6 "Look Out for That First Step!" 1. Why is a new worker usually more susceptible to injury than the "old-timers" 9 (His surroundings are new, he's anxious to make good right at the start, he hesitates to admit ignorance, it takes some time to get the "feel" of his job.) 2. What can the employment man do to impress the men he hires with the necessity of "being careful" i (Tell them the management is wholeheartedly interested in preventing accidents, management has provided safe working conditions and is proud that the workers are doing their part, too, etc.) 3. What can the foreman do to get the new man started right9 (Be friendly, tell him the firm and particularly this department bas a good safety record, encourage him to help make the record still better, introduce him to his neighbors in the department, encourage him to consult you on anything he's not sure about, do his job for him for a few minutes, and explain the hazards, then watch him do the job for a few minutes, come back to him from time to time and make sure he doesn't develop wrong and unsafe habits, etc., etc.) 4. How can a foreman study and learn about the accident hazards of all the jobs performed in his departmentV (By thinking back over the accidents that have occurred to bis men, by consulting the firm's statistics and accident cause classifications, by learning of the experience of similar departments in other firms, by reading trade journals, NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS, pamphlets of the National Safety Council and other organizations, through safety posters, by watching men work, etc.) 5. What about the "old-timers" 9 How should you treat an old-timer who is transferred to another job or to another department 9 (Treat him almost like a new man insofar as the hazards of his new job are concerned.) Suggestions for Discussion BOOKLET No. 7 "Are You 'Following Through?'" 1. What are some of the reasons for most of the accidents occurring to men in our firm '1 (The most obvious answer is ''carelessness.'' Explain why "carelessness" is too broad; why it is simply an alibi. More definite answers are inattention, poor judgment, haste, work improperly planned, disobedience of rules, interference by others, lack of experience, lack of skill, instructions incomplete, or not enforced or not given at all.) 2. Is it important for the foreman to differentiate between these "causes of injuries' "l (Yes, because different causes call for different methods of correction.) 3. Out of 330 "mishaps" on n given job, how many times on the average will the worker be seriously injured 7 (1). How many times will be suffer minor injuryf (29). How many times will near-injuries result? (800). 4. If injuries occur to workers usually after repeated unsafe practices, isn't it important for the foreman to detect these unsafe practices before the workers are injured i (Yes.) 5. Isn't it likewise important for the foreman to study and learn what unsafe practices are common on each job under his supervision i (Yes.) 6. Take any typical operation familiar to the foremen-such as using a ladder, or an emery wheel-and analyze it to determine how many separate unsafe practices and conditions may result in injury to a worker. (For instance, take an emery wheel: wheel out of balance; tool rest set too high, too low, too close, too far away; hood guard removed; failure to wear goggles; grinding on side of wheel, etc., etc.) 7. Can the foreman get all workers in his department to help him bring about the elimination of unsafe conditions and uns~e practicesi (Yes.) HowT (By developing team work.) No. 108-R-4/31-4M �'' IA\ ~ Copyright, 1931, National Safely Council, Inc. All Rights Reserved � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Safety - Misc. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1920s Subject The topic of the resource Collection of letters, reports, and exams in safety for UPCC mines. Description An account of the resource 11" x 8" loose papers and booklets of varying sizes held in a manila folder. Some pages are severely faded may be hard to read. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0039 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/4ecdb42aaf3cfd5ddd395e4676ee7d4b.pdf 94bab566130672370566da262f050ced PDF Text Text ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Safety - Misc. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1925-1940 Subject The topic of the resource Letters, booklets, reports regarding safety measures, statistics. Description An account of the resource 11" x 8" loose papers and booklets of varying sizes held in a manila folder. Some pages are faded may be hard to read. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0040 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1ae7082b681ed4a6e5c0ba51625de6b0.pdf 51decfc62eb97fbeed8a97c6670b2865 PDF Text Text �~ !Jl Stanton' 701 'B :St. 'Rgri(Springs, 'J,t).Y 82901 �HISTORY OF THE UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES 1868 to 1940 " I N A WORD WE MAY GATIIER OUT OF HISTORY ,\ POLICY NO LESS WISE TH AN ETERNAL; OY THE COMPARISON AND APPLICATION OF OT HER MEN'S F ORE· P ASSED MISERIES WITl-{ OUR OWN LI KE ER· RORS AN D ILL DESERVINGS." f; "Sm W ALTER RA1.mcn, 16)6." i 'l I THE COLONIAL PRESS 9nr AND DOUGL AS 0 1,u nA, N EBRASKA �(1QJHIS LITTLE BOOK JS DEl>IC.\TEJ> TO THE MEMORY OF THE MEN \'\I) 11'O\IEN. WIIO, P UTTING ALL ELSE Of;IIJNI) T11 ►:,1, \I \DE THEIR FULL CONTRIBUTION TO· WAHi> Tll,\ NS I.ATINC AN ENDLESS AREA OF \IOI '\'T\I'\". DESERT AND PLAIN, INTO THE E \ll'IIIJ; NOW KNOWN AS " THE WEST," �PREFACE I NT R ODUCT I ON In J 1tn11111·y, 1924, the Employcs' Magazine of 'l'hc F 11 i011 Pacific Coal Compuny and its subsi<lia ry, U1e \Vu.shington l -11io11 Coal Conrpa,nv was launched as 11 medium of good will o..nd unde1·sta11ding. 11 ith t he fu rth~i: hope that as the year s passed , much of the life and color of the pinncer days might be p ut iuto p1·int and thus saved. \Yith thi,- end in 111 inJ s hll'ies and sketches, t ogethe r with m1:r ny old photographs, we re a ssembled itnd reproduced, and it is this material, together with certain widely scatte red nnd fragwentary records, us well 11 s mauy inten·ie11·s wiH1 t he lllen u.nd women who lived and wo rked in and a bout tl1e mines in the ea rly d n.y:., that served a s the foundation of this little history. 'l'l,e Union P acific R a ilroad Company was conceived in a turbulent period in the history of the America.n nation, a time of unrest and conflict., of great drea ms and grea.ter achievement. Gold seekers had poured through the middlcwcst to California only n few yea.rs before, a.nd Brigha.m Young had but r ecently led his discip les of t he Church of Lutter Duy Sa.ints t o their promised land on t he bunks of the grea.t Sa.1t L uke, a.nd what wa.s even more p o1·tentous, the North and the South were on the brink of a Civil W a r. ,vhile searching for old time materia l it was found tha t ;\fr. Julius Kruttschnitt, railroad engineer and ex.ecu t i,·c, whil(' in cllll rgt• in un cxccutiYc capacity of the coal mjncs in 1907, issued in.;;trnd iom; t o gather the necessary material for a histo ry of the Railroad Company',, coal mining interests. Diligent search failed, l10wcYcr , to unea rt·h n il)' :,uch material , with the r esult that the numerous men and women whu ha\'e by cooperntive effort put the work together, have been compelled to start close to the grass roots. The authors r eferred to, who will remain anonymous (tlrns avoiding resp011sibility for repetitions and au occasional split infiuitivc) , wish to cxp1·ess their tha nks for the help so kindly rendered. with the hope thut our readers, the Old Timers most of nil, will as tht·y read the pages tlnLt follow, experience a flood of kindly 1·ccollt•dions of thl'ir pio neer clays. wheu nearly all W(.>l'e young and httppy, C'\'l'Il though they then knew n1mght of the automobile, the movie and t he rudio. The U nion P acific Coal Compan,y. H.ock Springs, Wyoming, June 1, 1940. r.rhot Southern °''Vyoming with her vast nnd unfathomed stores of bituminous coal wns cl1osen as the r oute for the Union P acific R a ilroad was onlv a matter of luck - luck a nd t he fierceness of the Blackfeet and Sioux India ns of the northern country. R a.ilroad officials bud but fixed upon the economical water grade highwny of Northern Wyoming us theil- route, when t l1e hostility of the northern redmen and the contra.sting cordiality of the sonlhcrn Shoshones cha.nged t heir choice to the Overland Route. The Fc<lc.n d Government hnd ceded to t.he Union Pacific 11 right of way four hundred feet jn ,vidth through the public la.nds and had granted them nlso e,•ery alternate section of land, in a checkerboard pattern. for twenty miles etteh side of t he right of way. The underlying mineral, not included in the original bill, wa.s later a.dded to the surface la.nd grant. Luck nud tl1e M l ,·11ge Blackfeet had ordained thnt the Railroad's grant should include the rich coal veins of the south a.nd not the northern lands devoid of minerul. It is the purpose of this book to trace the history of coo.I mining in southern ' l\'yoming under The U nion Pa.cific Coal Compa.ny and its predecesso1·, the Coal Department of t he Railroad. Although of necessity sucl1 an account must include n. certain mea.sure of technical matter, this book is ma.inly a story of men, such men as poured their lives into the black and sooty spaces of the earth, such men as those hundreds who ga.ther each year at The U nion Pacific Coa.l Company Old Timer s' celebration. Through these pages ma.rch army engineers, explorers, trappers, guides a.nd adventurers, intrepid heroes all, to be followed by the men who built the raihoa.d, discovered, prospected 11nd developed mines, with that no less courageous band of men and women who have, since the first. settlement s wc1·c made at Jamestown, Vi1·ginia, and P lymouth Rock, Ma.ssa.chusetts, marched westward, side bv side with the builders; the clergymen, servants of God, the doctors ca.ring for the sick and injured, and the tea.chers whos(.> duty it was t o train the minds of the young. �If _they who put this history t?gether can be ~ri ticized for delving t oo deeply. mto a~ecdote .an.cl personality, for romancmg, in short, instead of lecturmg, let it be st.ud m defense, that the story of coal mining is not entirely one of statistics and mechanical progress, but is instead 11 story of the vast numbers of men who go to make up the st.ntistics and who inakc possible and profitable the t echnique of mining. If you eliminate the lnnnan element, JOU have stripped the flesh and left onl)' the bones for thL stor y : and history is not dry bones. • And so, to these splend.id men and women, many of wltosc la.bors are over and they asleep in the quiet " God's Acres," this hi:a;to ry is dedicat ed in ~·emembrance of their unselfish de,·.otion to du ty. thci r loyalty t o t h~ Railroad nnd the Coal Company, t heir cou1·ageou nnrl clil'C rful outlook upon life, and their ability to overcome all obstac],,1-, - l1cl pi110- to ca i·w rtn Empire out of a wilderness. "' CONTENTS INTRODUCTION C HAPTC:R "PAGE I. T H E BACKGRO UND OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD 11. THE BUILDING OF THE RAILROAD AND ITS EARLY FUEL SUPPLY II I. THE BUILDING OF THE IRON WAY IV. OLD CA RBON. THE BEGINNING, TO DISAPPEAR IN 1902 V. ROCK SPRJNGS, THAT GREW INTO A GREAT CITY \11. Glll ' ESE RIOT AND MASSACRE OF SEPTEMBER 2, 1885 \ If. /IUIY. THAT GREW AND WANED, GOING OUT IN 1900 VIJJ. GRASS CREEK, THE CAMP THAT NEVER DEVELOPED A HISTORY IX. TWIN CREEKS, WH1CH STARTED IN A BRAWL X. COLORADO MlNES XL HANNA, THAT YET THRIVES XIL DANA . WHICH LASTED BUT THREE YEARS Xll l. 1'l.£A ANT VALLEY, A UTAH P ROPERTY XIV. SPRlNG VALLEY. WHERE OIL DROVE OUT THE MINERS 1."V. CUMl3EHLANO. A GREAT PRODUCER XVI. ~ Li PF:RIOR. SECOND ONLY TO ROCK SPRINGS XVII. TONO, T H E F ARTHEST WEST DEVELOPMENT W ill. RELIA CE, AS STURDY AS ITS NAME XIX. WINTON, THAT WILL LIVE ON FOR YEARS XX. HETHODS OF W Nl NG XXL OF.FIClAL , PAST AND PRESENT XX ll. FOR DIST! GUJSHED SERVICE xxm. T HE CRUSADI NG MAYOR XXIV. THF: i\lEASURE OF HUMOR XXV. CHURCH SPlRES OVER ROCK SPRINGS AND HANNA XXVJ. SA FETY IN THE llllNES XXVII. IN CONCLUSION 1 9 17 28 46 75 91\ 102 104 110 113 120 123 126 131 138 146 150 154 158 179 207 220 228 234 244 260 APPENDICES ;\h :~111ws O J.I) T1M Ens' A ssoc1ATtON P1n:s111f: N·1s Ow T D1 Ens' A ssoc1ATI0N X xxxii A N 1-.t' AI. REU NIONS 01.0 T l.\1En$' A ssocl,\TION, 1925 TO 1939, INCLUSIVE, WITH S PEAKEHS xxxiii LAYI NG or- C o nNEHSTONE or- T11E UNION PACIFIC CoAL CoM1•,rnY's OLO TrnEns' BUILDING xxxfr P nESlllENTS OF Tl-I E u~noN PACIFrC RAILWAY CO)ll'ANY ANO UNIOJI. PACIFIC RAILROAD CO~ll'ANY xxxix PnESlllENTS OF THE U NION PACIFIC C OAL COMPANY, S u rE111011 CoAL C O~ll•ANY, ANO WASIIINCTON UNION COAL Co~IPANY xl BASI C WAGE RATES ANO HOURS Or SERVICE, JANUARY 1, 1890, TO MARCH 31, 1941, I NC!.UStVE, FnoM PAY ROLLS AND WAcE SeALES Hou Rs WORKED, AND AvEnAcE NET EAnN1Ncs PER DAY Fon TEN YEARS, ]930 TO 1939, INCI.USI VE xlii i ToNs COAL Mn,Eo BY YEARS ALL CoAL PnooucJNc DISTRI CTS 1868 TO 1939, INCLUSIVE, WITH TOTALS xliv �.. CHAPTER I. The Background of the Union Pacific Railroad Tells of tl,c gallant explorer and engineer, Captain John C. Fremont, first to r('cogni:e the value of Wyoming's coal deposit, who was followed by General William Henry Ashley, the first trader, with Captain Howarcl Stansbury, engineer and scientist. not far behind. Of Jim Bridger whn acted as guide for Fremont and later for Stansbury, who in turn first recorded the finding of coal at Rock Springs in 1852. Tells how Chief IT'ashakir befriended the whites and summarily disposed of an insurgent mother-in-fow. HE :;tor)' of The Pnion Pacific Con1 Compnny r ightly begins in southT er n ,v_vnmiug. T here it was at "Old" Carbon, now a "ghost mining town'' located south of the Village of Hnnnn, the first mine of consequence ,ms opened in 'Wyoming. , vith the discovery of highel· grade coal at Hannn, lhe ma in line of the railroad was relocated, and the old camp that saw its full meed of thl.' glamorous pioneer period gave wny in 1902 to the new location, tnking its population and cer tain of its buildings (including the Hanna store building, dismantled in October, 1939) with it, this after producing for the use of the rnilrond and the settlers and industries that sprang up nlong the line, a t otal of 4,680,346 tons of coal. W e will have occnsion to say more of Hanna in a subsequent chapter. For the moment we will enter into an even more remote past. The first men to see and 1·ecognize the rich coal reserves of southeru W y oming were the fur traders, keen-eyed, sinewy men who stalked the W;•oming hills in muskrat caps, rifle under arm, hot on the trail of a fortune in skins. Kit Carson strode that way in all his raw-boned strength. Young Fremont!l,l came too, in the early days, before he was called "The Pathfinder," n stern and resolute lad, newly mnrried into the family of the influential Senator TJ10mas H. Benton of Missouri, and nlrendy cognizant of t he political career that stretched ahead of him. There ,vas General Ashley, gruff, staunch of heart, but with a childlike trust of all Indians that was to cost those men who followed rum dearly. And there was Captain Stansbury, more methodical than any of the others. They are shadows now, men who have pnssed into legend, these gods of the pioneer days. They were -real enough then, and they left a far reaching influence on t he Nation and its industries. Trai1blnze1·s that they were, their exploration work and scouting made the construction of the railroad more readily possible, and the railroad made the coal mines necessary. • Fremont•s name was pronounced Fra-monl. 1 �4 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES mine the best rout es for overland communication nnd the best sites for forts to protect Amcrictln trnppers a nd immigrnnts. To this end, the United States D epartment of War sponsored three of Fremont's exJ>editions, und F1·emont himself t wo o thers. The thirty-year old captain was a splendid m11n for this work. Born in Savannah, Geoi:giu, and educated as a m1ithematici1111 iu Virg inia, Fremont was resourceful und competent., with nJI of the qualities for leadership that General Ashley had lacked. At the age of twenty he was commissioned u second lieutenant in the U nited States AnnJ; topographical engineer s. Eig ht years later he mu1-riC'd J cssic Benton, a daughter of l:nitcd Sta tes Sc.nator Thomus H. Benton, of Missouri, u.nd his influentinl fu t.her -in-law helped him obtain the comrnund in 184,;J of his first ~ui·vcying expedition. A second piece of luck ca.me t o the young fronti<'rsman when he secured the fnmous Kit Carson for his expedit ion' s guide. Fremont k<'pt a journ1d throughout his travels nod c.\ :plorations, and in its pages, in the ent r_v made for August 19, 1843, we find tJ1e first r ecord of the discovery of the Cumberland-Kemmer er con.I field: " Coal made its appearance occasionall3• in the hills during t lw afternoon nnd wns displayed in rabbit burrows in n kind of gap, through which we passed over some hills t'ln<l descended to mnke our encampment on the same !;tream." The stream t o which he r efers is Little Muddy Crcl'k and tl11~ " kind of gap" is Cumberland Gap. H C' lingered on the site, measuring t he uppt' rmost coal scam of the lower, or Spring , ·nllcy series, noti11g the n'nglc nncl direction of dip. To the army-bred Georg ian a nd hi~ party of trappc-1·s and scouts, however, the discovery of a con! ficlcl in i:nnccessiblc " ryoming could not ha·ve seemed very important. Appat·ently he attached mo re signineance to the subsequent breaking of his barometer than to the discovery of coal r esel'\'es, for he devotes far more spnt·e and enthusiasm to the• btlrometer story in his _journnl. The nccidcnt occurred while they were crosi,ing a stream. Fremont wrote: "The current was very swift a nd the wtiter cold nnd of n crystal purity. In crossing this strNtm, I met with a grent misfortune in 11aving my barometer broken. It was the only one. A great pnrt of the interest of the joumey fo1· me was in the exploration of these mount.aim;, of whieh so mud1 had been said that was doubtful 1md contradicto1·y: the ouly means of giYing them authentically to S<"icncc, the object or my anxious solicitude by night and day, was destroyed. " 'e h11<l brought this barometer in safety o. thousand miles, and brokt- it a.lmost among the snows of the mountains. The loss was fc]t hy tl1e whole camp. All hud seen my anxiety, und aided me in presen-ing it. The height of these mountains, considered by the lmntt•rs ttnd traders the highest in the whole range, hnd been a the1m· of constant discussion among them; and all had looked forward wjt]i pleasure to the moment when the instrument which they I TH E B ACKGROUND OF THE U NION PACIFIC RAILROAD 5 believed to be true a s the sun, should stand upon the summits and decide their disputes. Their grief was only inferior to mine .... . . "As soon as the camp was formed, I set about endeavoring to repair my barometer. As I have already said, this was a standard cist em barometer, of Trought on's construction. The glass cistern had bec11 broken a bout midway; but, as the instrument had been kept in a proper position, no air had found its way into· t h<! tub<;, tl1e t'nd of which had always remained covered. I had with me 11 number of vials of tolerably thick glass, some of which were of the same diameter as the cist ern, and I spent the day in slowly wo1·king on these, endeavoring t o cut them to the requisite length; but, a s my instrnmcnt was n very rough file, I invariably broke them. A g ro~wc was cut in one of t he trees, where the barometer was placed du ring t he night, to be out of the way of any possible dangc..r ; and in t h~ morning I commenced again. Among the powder h01·ns in thc- camp I found one which was very transparent, so that its conb:n l coulcl be a lmost as plainly seen as through glass. This I boiled nnd s tr etched on u piece of wood to t he requisite diameter nnd scrap ed jt ver y thin, in order to increase to the utmost its trnn ·pu renc_y. I then secured it firmly in its place on the instrument with strong glue made from a buffalo, and filled it with mercury properly heated. A piece of skin, w]1ich had covered one of the vials, furnished a good pocket, which was well secured with strong thread a nd glue; and then the brass cover was screwed to its place. The instrument was left some time to dry; and, when I reversed it a few hours after I had the satisfaction to find it in perfect order, its indications being about the same us on the other side of the lake before it had been broken." • l •'rer11ont was a great engineer, his mind was cast along scientific lines. In after years hls fitness for political life was questioned. Of him it was nptly said: "Fl'om t.he asl1es of his camp fires have sprung cities." Finishing touches on the pathfinding of Fremont and Ashley were added by Captain Howard Stansbury of the United States Topogrnphical Engineers, a third pioneer explorer. Stansbury made two discoveries of interest and aid to the Union Pacific Railroad and its handling of the problem of fuel. First, Stansbury charted a shorter route across the southern end of the state, and, second, he recorded the Rock Springs coal deposits, the most valuable in the state. St ansbury owed much of the credit for these accomplishments to Jim Bridger, who invaded the mountains as a youth of eigMeen with Ashley, and who been.me probably the greatest "mountain man" of them all. He hq.d built lfort Bridger by the time Fremont came along, and gave the young "Pathfinder" much valuable assistance. Bridger's real service, however, remained to be given to Stansbury. Fremont had the veteran Kit Carson to lend him, but Stansbury's party contained no such expert guide. Bridger became Stansbury's Kit Cal'Son. 'W here Fremont l1ad covered a great deal of territory, Stansbury, led by Bridger, covered less ground but did it more thoroughly. �6 HtsTORY OF UNION PAc1nc CoAL M1r-;i::s In 1849 the Govemment detailed Stansbury, with n small force, to sUl'vey the Great Salt Lake Basin. Prnbably the instr~1ctions to survey the basin were only a diplomatic blind for thl' real purpose of determining whether the l nitcd States should takl' over the governmental affai r,; of the new and rapidly cxpttnding Morlllon settlement on tl1c edge of the basin. ,vhatever the purpose, Capta,in Stansbury and his assistant, Lieutenant J. V\T. Gum1ison, did a good job of surveying the territory, ::m d began their retum trip in August. of 1852. As was customary with all travelers along this route, Stansbury und his troops stopped at Fo1·t Bridger to rest and repair their equipment. Captain Stansbury did Hot 1·elish the iuea of taking the long detour up north to c rnss the 1110un l a ins at South Pass aud asked Jim Bridger to lead them cast by a shorfrr ruu le. Thus began the association of the two frontiersmen , the surveyor and Liu • guide, that w~s to leud to so many sign ificant ndditions to the knowlcdg,· of Wyoming. Bridger led Stansbury and l1is men up Green RiYer to Ditter Cr~·ck. then up this creek through what is now Rock Sprinas n.nd on throug h the present Thayer Junction, Poiut of Rocks, and H.awlit1s, and south oi .\lc(licine Bow- almost cxactl3• the route the Union Pacific Railroad was t o follow. It was on September 4, 1852, that the party manclcd at the O'J'c>11 t outcroppings of coal that were to bring Rock Sp1·ings into being. Sta m,~ury's note.s describe a good q.uality coal in beds ten feet thick protruding from the hllls 011 the south side of the creek. This wns on the site where Blairtown, the uncestor of Rock Springs, was later to be ]ocutcJ. 'l'he notes St~nsbury _made wei-c so complete tlta t c,·en today they cnn serve n:; a gmde, despite the fact that a city has been built on the Jund. The men followed Bitter Creek throuwh what is now known us ''\Vest Flat" or Hillside Addition, and then conti~ued around the bluff to an outcropping of coal where N?mber FiYe ::\~inc later was opened, passing 011 t~ another bed of coal which probabl~· 1s the one now known as Numbel' Six Seam, and thence further to the outcrops of Number Three and Number Four Seams. The)• passed by Number Nine Seam on thcil' way out. Undoubtedly it would be wrong to say that Captain Stansbul'V discovered the Rock Springs coal field. His own notes describe the neurbj Salt ·wells .~nd tell of his_ meeting a lar~c 11umbe1· of trappers iu this popular gathe~mg_place. ~t 1_s almos:t ce.rta111 that the trappers knew of the coal deposits, ,Just us it 1s certain that tJ1e mountain men knew of the trails followed by Ashley and _Fremont. Captain Stansbury's great contribution, as had been the case with the two men before him, was that he recorded wl1at he Saw and made the information available to the Government. H would l~ot be fair to end this brief account of men who opened the way for the rntlrnad, and thus helped prepare fo1· the development of the co11l resources of Soutl1ern 1Vyomino. o• without• mcnt1•001·ng a red man w J10 d,esc1·ves as much credit as the whites. This man was Chief ,i\rashakie, of the Eastern Shosho11es. ·when the Blackfeet• ' A 1·i·1K•arns nnd s·lOUX d rove tl1e . ~ ,. h w 1te men out of the northern country and its economical water J1ighway, THE BACKCROUNO OF TH E UNION PACIFIC RAILROAI) 7 Chief ,vashakie it was who welcomed the traders into tJ1,. ~outl n· f · d 'bl f' . ... ., 1. 1s nen d ·t ship ma c 1 poss, c or the U_nion Pacific Railroad to safely lan its route by way of ~outhcrn ,vyom111g, cutting through the richest c~al beds in the state. Lar_gely ducto ashakie, the Overland Trail became the highway to t.~1e .Pacific. ,~, ashak1c was a friend of thl.' whites, not because he was nfrn1d of them, but because his shrewd common sense told him that l>pposition was futile. "I'll never prosper by fightina men who can make thnt," said Washakie when he suw the trade;·s' guns. b 'Y The lute Dr. Grncc R11ymond Hebnrd, beloved University of Wyoming Histori1u1, who made crn exhaustive study of his life, wrote of Chief '\Vt\Sltakie : "'Vashakie (the rnunc is accented on the first syllable) was, howcvl•t·. primnril.Y t\ wanior. A newcomer among the· Eostern Shoshuues, only part Shoshone in blood, and an orphan boy~ with 110 fainily l'01111cctions to aid him, he rose to command by his prowes, and skill in battle. Out of scattered groups, in time of general 1rn:~r chy in the Shoshone nation, he created his own band, and he sa w it g row to an t' Jt'cctivc fighting force. His warfare was mainly <h:fcnsin i. Though generally at peace, and sometimes in alliance ,, ith the Fin thc11ds and Nei Pcrees, his people in the early days were \\'ell-nigh sm·J·oundcd by more aggressive, more numerous and better cq_u ipped tribes- the Crows, the. Utes, the Sioux, the Cheyennes, tire Arapahoes, 1111d the four tribes of the Blackfoot confederacy - and the strate"')' of the Shoshone chiefs was devoted more • b f to the main-tuining of what they deemed their own than o attempting to despoil others. He was not always a vict.or, and yet he seems l'Urel-y to have been defeated. If he could not wm by onset or stratage11;, lie knew how, by stubborn r~sistance, to wear down the v_alo,1; of his encrnie:; nnd force them to w1thdrnw from profitless combat. Atttlining cbicftuinship, he remained an iron-handed ruler. David G. 'l"homas 1 in "Overland and Underground," writes of him as follows: "The chief was but a savage child Of nature, and as yet untamed In whitemcn's eyes, and undefiled By his environments, but famed For traits the passing whitemtin lacked; For honesty-all that it meantFor wisdom and for tender tact In tribal joys and disconten~; . Loving the truth; and from !11s lips No substitute for it e'er came; The lying tongue that halts and slips '"-TJ;enever vi1·tue breathes her name He hated, and themo.n_of l!es " Could find no favor m his eyes. �8 HtsTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL M1NES • : . . told of Washakie that illustrate his characTwo favontc sto11es 111 e b t' 1. • 'f . . ·d . t one of his braves to cease ea mg ms w1 e. ter. One co!1cernls abn· or eb1' .ot the sc1unw Chief \~7nshukie killed him. The The next tu11e t lC' rnve cu • . ' . d • I• f ·1 If . • f ti t' ,e his mothcr-111-law mterfcrc m 11s ann y a, arrs. other sdtorlyd1ls.o :f1etmn1ov~ his teepee. Returning from a hu.nt and finding 1 He e •0 he asked • • . . ha to HS1 "' . t' his wife the reason, an d s11e rep1·1cci timt 1t m the same ocu ion, · , Iia k'1c•, met cd ou t ti1e, :rnmc · llow her to move 1t. "as her mot Iicr wou Id no t a . . . ' I I I d •, • l · t· t< J ·s nother-m-lnw 1mmcd111tch , t rnt rn rn .. g1H~n thC' sm1p c JUS 1cc > 11 1 • •I · ·r b •t'mg br·ave• In spite of his ' despotism, he was generous w,t 1 Ju~ w1be-· ea · I l Id I 1a,·e k·nown t H kpt them in greater prospenty t 1an t 1ey wou s~tl,1ects]•. e cd 1·1c aot for them 11 reservati~n which he himself lwd C'hoscn WI lOU JlUl, nn t:, . <l . as the most desirable location in all the country. A fort nn ii. county 11\ ,iVyoming now bcnr his name, and no _hist~ry of th~ develo.J?mcnt. t>f t'onl 1'1'• . ~ ·n Southern ' '' vominCT cnn fmrly rgnore tl11s forceful r ed1nn11, whl'11 so111cc~ 1 ._ . b • , d 8 0' it paJs tribute to the white trail-bln7.ers of the 1840 s an 1 5 s. CHAPTER II. The Railroad and Its Early FuelSupply Tells why the Union Pacific Railroad was built. How rails from Pennsylvania and New York came by railroad, and by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to St. Louis and thence by the Missouri river to St. Joseph, Missouri, where, together with locomotives and cars, they were trans/erred to smaller boats Jor transport ·u p tbe river to Omaha. How wood was first used for locomotive fuel which later gave W(IIJ to Iowa mined coal, which in turn •y ielded place to coal mined at Carbon and Rock Springs, Wyoming. Here i., shown the production of all coal mined by districts from 1868 to 1939, i!Ldu ., i11<•, s,,·venty-two years. -J HE Icoal p roperties now owned and operated by The Fnjon Pacific Company u1·c a continuation of the original coal mining i\ctivitic,; Cu11 of the pr,•deccs~or ruilwny c01·porations now known ns Union Pnci6c -R ailrond Company. A history of The Union Pacific Coal Company wou1d be incomplete without at least a brief reference to the great railroad whose coming into existence mnde the production of coal in V\Tyoming in large quantities possible, in foct without t he Union Pacific Railroad there would be no .~nch stntc ns Wyomi11g, with its coal mines, its vast flocks of ~heep, its tlu·iYing cities an.d its qoJTlcd capitol building sitting complacently in the he1t rl o r "hnt was in the sixties the richest buffalo range in the west. Gone a1·c tlu.'! buffaloes and the primitive redmen, whose grandsons have settled down as wards of a pnternnl government, to leave their reservations from time to time to serve ns scenery for a western movie or a rodeo. Today the people who live in Wyoming have lost much of·t~~ir,,early inte_1~est in aii·plnnes und the sinuous yellow diesel strcamliners, that streak across the ~tatc Id speccls thut were not even dreamed of seventy years ago. ,~re will attempt in this chapter to set forth the 'national situation that made a great transcontinental railroad necessary to the preservation of the Union in the sixties, a condition which yet exists, e\'en more definitely than it did fo Civil War duys. As no great railroad could be operated without fuel, the background of that situation will also be presented. On July 1, 1862, "an act to aid in the construction of a railroad anrl telegraph line from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean ancl to secure to the Government the use of the same for postal, military, and other purposes," wt.is enacted by the Congress of the United States. On July 2, 1864<, the act of July 1, 1862, was amended, the law as amended authorizingq �HlsTORY OF UNION PACIFIC CoAL MINt:S 10 Tm; B u 1LDING OF TRE RA ILROAD AND ITs EARLY FUEL StrPPLY (a) (b) The incorporation of the_union Pacific ~uilro~d C011~p1111y . The construction of 11 railroad and ~cleg~uph lme westward from tl{e l\i!issouTi River to 11 connect10n w1_th the Centrnl Pacific Railroad Company of Califomia, wluch WtlS also au~horized under the Act of Congress of July 1, 1862, to bmld eastwardly from "at or near San Francisco, or the navigable water~ of the Sacramento River." The :initial point of construction near the City of Omaha wns dctc1·mined by President Abraham Lincoln in the full of 186:3, o.nd on Odober 29, 1863, tl1e work of completing the co1·porntion 1rns effected and thirty stockholding and three Government directors elected, thercafte1· the work of location commenced and the line was s{1rveye<l to Fremont, Nl bruska, 4<6.5 miles from Omaha, this survey completed in Decem9e1·, 1863 . J3_y nd of Congress, July 2, 1864<, amendatory of the Act of 1862, the s t uc kholding directors were reduced from thirty to fifteen and the G u, crn1m:nt directors were increased from three to five. In August, 1864, the first contrnct for 100 miles of road was ma de o.nd the work commenced. Difficulties relative to locntion, however, tnost', with the result that the first forty miles of t rack were not laid until J anu ary, 1866. RniJs irnd fastenings fo1· track construction were purchased in Danville, Scranton and Johnstown, J>ennsvlvauia, and Troy, New Yo rk, a portion of thjs matexial shipped to Bost~n by rail, thcnc~ by ocean and river to St. Joseph, Missouri, via New Orleans. ,Another portion wi:ts moved by rail to St. Louis, and yet another portio11 moved by rail and the Lakes to Chicago, thence by rail to St. Louis and bv the l\lissonri Riv<>r to St. Joseph, Missouri, where the track and other c~nstruction material, including locomotives and cars, wns transfcned to smaller boats for movement to Omaha. For locomoti,..e fuel, cottonwood cordwood cut from the bunks of tlw l\'lissouri River and tributaries was first bought at Omaha for from eight to twelve dollars per cord, and after construction was well under wu ,. additional wood was bought delivered on line of 1·oad for a distance of 7.5 miles west of Omaha at prices ranging from five to ten dollars per cord. No further supply of wood for locomotive fuel was made available until the Platte River was reached, ab~ut 225 miles fron1 Omaha, where a supply " ' US ~ought f. o. b. trucks for e1gl1t dollars per cord. Inferior cordwood consti~uted the available locomotive fuel supply UI]til mil connections were estabhshed between the Iowa coal fields and Council Bluffs on the east bunk of the :Missouri River, after which that coal succeeded cordwood the Iowa coal ul~imatcly yielding in 1869 to coal produced in the mines de;c.loped by the Railroad Company at Carbon and Rock Springs, ,~.ryoming. The acts of Congress befon• referred to establish tl1e fact that the• construction of t~le_ "Pacific Railways" was the joint work of the stockholders and the :C mted. States Government. Financial aid, in the form of l~nd grants and bonds issued by the United States Government, was provided, and the location of the lines, character of construction and opera- 11 t ion, were subject to the approval of Commissioners appointed by the President of the United Stutes. The subsidies referred to above were "granted to the said Company, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of said railroad and telegrnph line, and to secure the safe and speedy transportation of the mails, troops, munitions of war, and public stm·;s thereon." To operate n trans-continental railway fuel was an absolute requirement in 1804, and every mile of the proposed location was assiduously 1 'i Driving Buffalo from tracks wilh hot water searched for coal by geologists and engineers. In a report dated Septcmucr 20, 1868, in which the completion of 820 miles of railway west of Omalm wns set forth, we find the following reference to the development of tlw fh-st workable coal found on t he line extending west from Oma!m: "A discovery of almost incalculable value to the Compn~y, and to the entire country along the line of the road, has been thnt of enormous beds of ,,cry excellent coal in the Laramie J>lains und the mountains at the west. This coal fie.Id is now being developed, and it is found to be the finest yet opened west of the :Missouri Rivel'. At Carbon Stntion, nbout 050 miles west from Om11}111,, a vein sixteen feet in thickness is being worked, and nbout one hundred tons of excellent coal taken out per day. This cou.l is semi-bituminous, and is found to be better adapted to use upon locomotive;, than that �12 HISTORY OP UNION P ACIFIC COAL MINES THE Bu1LD1NG or, THE R AILROAD AND lTs EAnLY FuEr. SuPrLY 13 which had previously been obtained from northern Iowu for that purpose. The fuel question has been one which it was feared would be hard to meet in the far west, where timber was co'lnparatively scnrcc, but t he opening of this coal field, together with the working of other beds near Cheyenne, and the discovery of yet other extensivc deposits in '", cber Valley, west of the '\Vahs11tch mountains, h n.,·c solved the problem in 11 manner as satisfactory as it is valuaLlc." In a 1·cpo rt dated J anuar3' 22, 186-1,, made to the President and Directors of the Ruill'Ond Company, Professor James T. Hodge, Geologist, referred to the discovery of coul on "Coal Creek" and on "South Boulder Creek" ubout 22 miles nol'th of Denver, Colorado, in what is now refencd to H" the N ort hern Colorado lignite field. This field was developed at Eric, ~orth1·rip a nd L ouisville, Colorado, by the Railroad Company in 1882, to meet the requi rements of the commercial trade. Due to difficult mining cond itions n11d the soft charncte1· of coal mined, the field was nbnndoned by tl1c H11ih·n,1rl Company in 1885. It must be bome. in mind tho.t the Railroad Compnny was charged with the dnal responsibility of not only securing a supply of Tnilway fuel of usc,lble quality and volume a s cheaply as possible, but in addition there1o, il " a~ oblig n.tcd to p1·0,·iclc u supply of fuel at reasonable cost fo1· the ..;cttlcr,. I nwn and villages located on and adjncent t.o its rails. Nebraska 11ncl K an~ns were then almost treeless plains, the only fuel available being President Abrah.am Linco • l n and_Gencral Grenville /11. Dodge at Council Blu.(Js, in August 1859 • The first wood-burning locomotive �--------~ 14, HISTORY OF UNION PACIFI C COAL MINES the limited supply of soft wood gro~ving on_ the banks of the small streams. That portion of ·wyoming over winch u. ru.1lrou~ could b e constructed was even moJ·c trce1ess, and careful search by geologists emplo:ycd by the Railroad Company nnd working with i_ts Chief ~ngiueer failed to develop a coa) field until the Carbon, Wyon11ng, deposit was located. In the same yen.r, 1868, the R ock Springs field was prospected and development in a small way was begun at that point. A leniporary terminal in the desert Throughout the construction period, from Odobcr, 18ti3, until the eastern and western lines were joined ut Prnmontor~· Point, l'tah, on i\Ia_y 10, 1869, and for rna.ny years thereafter, 11. force of geologists, mining engineers 1rnd prospectors was maintained by the Railroad in the work of searching for useublc coal. Certain of the fields dcvdopcd were us':'d exclusively for the commercial coul requirements of a growing population. It is interesting to note that the records of the Pnited Stall's Geological SurVCJ report the first product-ion of coal in the R ocky )fountain region from mines in Colorado, 500 tons in 1864; " 7yomiug 800 tons in 1865; ·c tnh 5,800 tons in 1870; and 1\Ioutnna 224 to.ns in 1880. It is a fnir assumption that the smull initial tonnages reported above were mined by the United States Al'lny for ganison use. It is further interesting to note that the Survey\, report of coal produced in , ¥:,oming in 1868, totalling 6,925 tons, represent.:-: that mined by the Ruilrond Company ut Carbon and Rock Springs. T ht• widespread extent of the Rnilroad Company's ex:plorntion nnd coal devdopment work, the location of the several fields, the date of opening a11d <'losure, with tonnage mined to January 1, 1940, is set forth below: TH E Bu1LDl!'iG OF ·rnE RAILrtOAD AND lTs EARLY FuEL SurPLY Name of Field Carbon, Wyo. Rock Springs, ·w yo. Almy, ' "ryo . Grass Creek, U tah No rthrop, Colo. Eric, Colo. T,oni~vilk, Colo. Twin Creeks, ''' yo. Ilald,1'in, Colo. Como, Colo. Pleni-ant Valley, Ftah D 111111 , '\,~' 0 , Hnnu n. "\Vvo. SprirlO' Yuilev, ,vvo. C'11mh;rl11 nd. ·wyo~ S111wrior, TT7 _yo. R.clinncc, '\Vyo. Winton, ,;vyo. )5 Date Opened Date Closed Total T ons Mined 1902 4,680,846 1868 Sti11 Operating 50,398,681 1868 1900 2,750,834 18(i9 1887 271,960 1881 1884 29,082 1882 1885 59,233 1882 1885 249,464 1882 1885 115,897 1882 1892 261,373 1883 1894 511,357 l 883 1911 1,578.778 1~8~ 1891 62~92 1889 Still Operating 22,083,835 1890 1905 492,974 1000 1930 1 4,130,226 1 !)01 Still Operuting 23,575,704 l f/Q(j 10,801,103 " 1911 " " 7,491,774 1921 " Thirteen dis trids \\'hich produocd a total of 25,194,316 tons, have hcen t·mu pldely nbundoncd, rn1d arc now classed as "~host" mining tow_ns. Cm 11111encino· with 6 1925 l.ons in 1868, the production r enchcd the lngh point in 1910 wi~h 3 ,709,2,1.7 t.ons, going down t~ 2,045,270 tons in 1932. From 1868 to 1939, inclusive, the mine production totiillcd 139,54f>,413 tons, representing on the basis of single seam extra~ion, a worked out area of approximn,tely U),935 acres or 31.15 square nnles. n is interesting- t o no! c the rlifficultics that attached during th~ rail construction period t o sr.c111·i•1g ,, st1pl)ly of coal from the n~n.rcst ava11n.b1c source, western Iowa, for use on t he west bank of .the :Missouri River and hevond. '\Vhcn conl from the Iowa mines was first made available> by rail rlciin:rv on the cast bank of the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, ·Iowa, the co~t of fcrriagc across the Missouri River was $2.50 per ton, n.nd it was not until i\Inrch 22, 1872, that n. rail bridge was made available for rinir cro~sing, eliminating fcrringc. The consumption of fuel in 1875 by the motive -power of the railroad was 148,877 tons of coal, costing $4.75 per ton, and 7,137 cords of wood, costing $6.50 per cord. With the opening of the R ailroad Company's mines at Almy, '"7yotning, jn 1869, and after the complctio11 of the connection with the· Centra1 Pacific line, fuel coal was supplied to that compan31 which previously imported its requi rements from mines in British Co1nmbin and Austl·n.lia. During_the !car 1875, the Railroad Company produced 208,222 ton,s of coal nt its mmcs, imggcsting that approximately 59,335 tons were rn;ed £or local use nnd f~r sale commercially. Such was the small beginning of the work of supplymg fuel to the settlers, communities and the two rnilronds in the early days. �16 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC CoAL M1NES In 1939 the Union Pacific Railroad and its two wl10J1,Y own~d sub.cl. • not only u:;•ccl 3 ,133' 927 tons, or 96.l of Union Pas1 mnes • per· cent, · I Ihc R ·1 cific Coal Comp~ny's total productio~1, but 111 add1bon, t IC ~~ ro~d purchased from mines located in "lVyommg, Utah, ~ansns a_nd_'"' a ;;lnngton, , . .• t ly 6''1 000 tons of fuel coal. Fuel oil and d1st1llate Rrc also app1ox1ma C. -r ' • r - (f l ·1 b purchased bv the Jlaihoad Company fo1· use o~ its mes, uc 01 etwcen Ogden, lTtah, and Los Angeles~ and from_ Hunb~gton, Or7gon, to Seattle, ,vashington, und distillate on ,ts strcnmhnc trnms operating from Omaha to Demer, Omaha to Los Angeles, Omuh~ to Ogden, enroutc t~ ~::rn Francisco, and from Omaha to Portland) , equivalent to from one m1ll1011 t11 one million and u qui1rter tons of coal annually. Tl1c totnl p1·oduction of eoaJ in the State of ,vyomi ng fo l' tl w year 1939, as shown bv adnrnce reports of the State Inspector of Co!ll .\I incs, was 5,411,018 to~!i. A portion of this production was sub-bituminous coal mined in tlu.• northern part of the state remote from Union P :u:ifi c mils. 0£ the total stat.c production fo r 1939, The Union Pacific Co11.l Co111puny produced :3,2CH,003 tons or npproximntcl,y 60.3 per t·ent, which if placed in one train would extend from Laramie, '\¥yoming, to Omaha, ~cbrnskn, a distance of 5<i3 miles. CHAP'l'ER Ill. The Building of the Iron Way T('/ls how Uncle Sam once spent eight millions of dollars a year .to tmn sport troops. nwnitions crnd su,pplics across the plains by wagon trauJ ewspape~ _men an 10 pro/eel the west. Th en came the iron way, the n_ . r ,ll • of C,,nerul Dorl,,c who won his spurs in the Civil War as scIl {e r:;. e •' ~ "' ' f J "I LU l " a fighter and a bw:Lder and put the road through. The story o t w ie 10 es, with their gambfors and tlings._ f~ ow six, seven, seven and _one-half, and at fa st ten miles of track in•re Lau! 1n one day, by the red shirted !wroes who mail<! np 11," constructio11 f,,rn s. ttntil 0 11 May 10, 1869, the pilots of two locomotives. one from //11 ,·11,1. the other from the west, came together at Promontory P<>inl. Utah. ch11i11 of cir cumst nnces pi-ecipitated the building of the F rrion Pa<'ific Railroad nnd the subsequent development of the coal A S'l'RANGE in Southern lVyoming. It. began many miles away, in Cali_fornia, 11\i M~ ,rith 1111• discovery on J nn11u r·y HI. 184,8, of a gold nugget half the size of a pen. L1 the race of .John , ull ti'., mi ll . "Wit hin the year, almost one hundred l ho11 sand gold scckci·s hitd i11\'11d<'d California from the East, and the Pacific oust settlement wns rapidly creating a life and go·\'ernment of its mm, isolat ed by almost lialf a continent in breadth, of unpeopled forest, desert and plains. It became 1.t.ppnrent that unless the western territories were in·evocnbly tied t o the eastern states, and that without delay, such a ,.;c-l1i~111 might occn1· between the East 11,nd the , ;V est as was even then brewi11g tlw Ci,-il "\Va r betwcr•n tlw K,n-th a nd the South. Gr anting the need for a unify ing fo rce, whcr(' t·uuld :,rn.:h a force be found? There was only one answer. only one bond stro11g 1•nnuglt to lace a nation together, overcoming an intencning wilderness r o tmitc t wo coasts. A bond, spiked-like but i1trong - t\\'() steel rails. • To plan a tra11scontinental railroad was one thing; to build it was another. Public sentiment hooted at the idea of the p r oject, when it was fin,t bronched in the first hnlf of the nineteenth century. As late as 1856, after Gencrnl Fremont, lris surveys completed, had tlll'own himself into politics and had become the presidential nominee of the National R epublica~ Party, the clnu~e in his party's platform calling for the building of a ra1lr?~d to th~ !'ac1fic was regarded as a cheap ele.ctioneering stunt. T he pubhc s skepticism was not at all shaken by the fa.ct that the Government itself had sponsored several surveys of transcontinental routes, and that the redoubtable United States Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, had the year befo1·e introduced a bill proposing separate routes on three of the surveys. • 17 �18 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES By 1860, with more than I.\ half million persons in the far western states, it was costing the Government ~omc eight millio_n dc~ll_nrs a year to transport troops over tl1c grent terntory to protect its c1hzens in the fnr west. The only means of communicntion between the western tenitories and the east ern stntl's was by pony express or co\'crcd wagon train on land, and n route around Cupe Horn (with nn arduous transfci· ncross the Isthmus of Panama) by sen. The outbre11k of the Civil \Vnr mnde it olwious that this was too t<>num1:; and undep endable a connecting line; the country could not risk a second secc:;sion. If private capitrJ would not. or could not build a ruilrond, eithe r alone or with Governnll'nt help, th,m the G,wernmcnt would l11wc to undcrt-ake the tnsk. A group of C11liforninns were one st ep ahead of the res t of the countnin getting into action. with the o rganization early in 1861 of t he C'cntr1{J Pacific Rnilron.d Comp,iny, the nppointmcn~ of T. D. Jurlali a ,, its chief <'nginecr, am! tlw bcgin11ing of a thorough survey of the Sier r ,1 ;\fr unbtins. Then Congrcl>S pm,secl the bill referred to in Chnptcr One. neating thl' r11ion Pacific Rnilrond Company, and President Li ncoln p !.\ccd himself behind the ln\1·. A new empire wns again under way. For t-lie next th rec• •Year s the rnilrond could r eceive onh· I he l:11 e, er ends . of a militarist ic-minded Government's intcrc:-t. and little was an·omplish<'d. A board of directors was orgnnizcd, h0\n•1·cr, with \Yilliam ll. Ogcl<'n ns the firs t prcsid<:nt. elected in S<•ptcmbcr of 1862. H e wa:- succeeded n year Inter by Gc•ncrnl ,John A. Dix, Dr. 'l'homns C. Durant bci11g l'lcctcd \'ice president. l'ndc1· authority of the Rnih·ond A ct, Prc,.;ident Lincoln designntcd Omaha, :Xebrnskn, as the ea st ern terminus of the- line. nncl the s tngc was set for action. The first great necessity now, nnrl the one on which the ultimate success of the road depended, was thl' speed and vigor with which the project could be put under way. To this effect. the ")frw Yo1·k Evming Post" wrote: THE BUILDING O r' THE IRON WAY before the war. The cos t of some of the_ pine timber used ,~as 11o9.7r.:. 00 thousand feet. The tics for the first three hundred miles •l'"' 0 • a each. 'rhc cno·inc used now Ill • t I1c macI1mc • sh ops was cos t •$2•00 • "' I!. ·1 Tl 1ere were no IUlll1Cd b "' Jllllles one hundred und scvcnty-nve m1 c:,;. ·t·1cs ; 1a b o r cos t 11 li" cl to be sent from the ea stern c1 • k wor men - a " • • I from 50 to 150 per cent more thnn in the cast. M1ssour1 coa cost nt the le\'eC $11.00 per ton. Wood cost from $3.00 to $14.00 f.L_cord, nccording to the locality. Such was the lnck of confidenc_c m th_e enterprise thllt ut firs t the C~mpany could ~;t no responsible per sons to hLke contra cts for bmldmg the road. Speed, speed, and mo1·e sp~cd, was th~ keyword. r.rhe ro.ilr?ad 1,11u~t t hrow ull of its arnilubk fu nds rnto lmstemng the track to a pomt " hci c the fcusibilih· of the ent ire p rojcC'I ('(Jllld 1iot be questioned, and wl~ere the public wnnltl bt· fo rc-ccl t o put a-,id,• itl> ;,kc pt icism and lend finan cial support. T Iil "El'<•ning T'o:-.1'' furtl1l•r \\TO Ii' : •·'J'l,l· men \I ho uudcrtoc,k the task were cqu o.l to it; they saw that rnpitl \1·o rk \I ll» the fir:;t essential. 'I'herc wa s no stone for hundreds of miles ; there wa:; no wood for tics except cott onwood, ,w thL·V made their n iln•rti,; ol' wood, lll1<1 trcnted the cottonwood Iii-, I,.'· Burm•t i:,,;ing. 11mk ing tlw111 . i~ is cln inicd , as clur o.blc a s other ,, uod ,,,JI .,o t retttl'd. 11ml tl111' po1,i11 d un their road. \¥hen the rail- "Until it wns evident that they h n.cl got too far in the desert to come back, there was no certainty t hat there wns a bonn fide intent to build the road to the Pacific. Till this wns scttll'd, no assis tance could be hncl from the publit·. Go,·ernment u1ight a uthorize t.hem to issue bonds, but until the public would buy them there was no as:;istnncc." The great obstacle was the difficulty of the trnnsportntion of mn.terinls and the fact that everything ncccssnry to the building of a railroad had to be hrought from the cast. There was no rnilroad for nearly two hundred miles cast from the l\lissouri R iYer, nnd thnt riYer itself formed a barrier, the OYercoming of which often cost a:,; much as it would cost to carry the same materials hundreds of miles in the enst. Wrote th~ "EYening Post:" "F:Ycry :;til'k of timber. every i-pike and rail, hud to br. wagoned for one hund1·cd and sfientY-fiYe miles. It cost more to i ransport the spikes, chairs, etc., thnn ·they originally cost at the foundry 19 Dale Creek Bridge W est oj Cheye1111c �20 road from the east came to the river, they no longer used cottc.nwood tics, but c?ntrn_ctcd for on), from_ the cast. AJI this time they were pushing uhead 111to a host~lc Indrnn cou_ntry; tl~c surveyors and engineers were nttncked or k'.lled, the _workmg parties harnssed, and the subsistence of the workmg parties had to be wagoned to them. The engineers and graders kept fro'.n fifty to one hundred miles in advance of the track lu,yers. The bndges arc nil contractC'd for built in Chicago, brought to the end of the trnck, and cu niecl ' 'beyond and set up, so us to cause no d eIity 111 • lay in,r the in teams track. It is· this constant pTcvision, this proYiding for everything months and miles beforehand, which demonstrates the genius of tnose who direct this great work, and enables them to push on to the conclusion so rnpidly. It is knowledge of this fact thnt l1us r emoved the doubt us to the durability of the rond, based on it:; rnpid construction: lnmdrcds of laborers and months of work luwc preceded the little band of lightning track layers who :tre throwing their iron filaments across the continent." The actual laying of the rails prO"ved tremendously fasci nating to the eastern newspaper men, and mnll)' of the papers g 1l\·c co11siderabl<' space to the detailed description of the exact process. T l1c ed it or of the "Philadelphia Bullehn," after n visit to tl1c scene of 11d iYitil's where th<' track w11s being laid, wrote: ''W'e were soon off from Benton to the i::nd of thc truck. It was a beautiful morning, and presently we nil doffed our hats respectfu])y to the Seven Huudred Mile Post on the r. P. H. R. T en miles further, and we are brought to 11 halt b_,. the rnnstrudion and boarding trains ut the end of the rand. The advnnced limit of the rail is occupied by n train of long box cars, with hammocks swung under them, beds spread on top of them. bunh built within them, in which the sturdy, broad-shoulde'rcd pio1\cers of the grc1Lt iron highway sleep at night, and tnke their,menl;;. Cl.use behind this ll·t1i n }. come loads of ties and rails and spjkcs, etc., which are being tlmndered off upon the roadside to be ready for the trnckln n rs. The road is graded a hundred miles in advan~e. The tics nrc lai~l rougl1ly in place, then adjusted, guuged and leveled. Then the track is laid. ~· "Track-laying on the Union Pacific is a science, nnd we, pundits of the Far East, stood upon that embankment, only about a thousand miles this side of sunset, and bncked westward before that hurrying corps of sturdy operatives with a mingled feeling of amusement, curiosity, and profound respect. On they came. A light car, ~rawn b)· n sin~le horse, gallops up to the front with its load of rails. Two men seize the end of a rail and start forward, the rc 5t of the gang taking hold by twos, until it is clea1· of the car. They come forward at a nm. At the ,Yard of command the rail is dropped in its plncc, rigl1t side up with care, while the same process goes on at the other side of the car. Less than thirty seconds to a rail for 21 THE BUILDING OF THE IRON WAY HrsTORY OF UNrON PACIFIC COAL MtNES a d so four rails o down to the minute! Quick w?rk you each gani:,i' a~ )l . the U~1ion Pacific are tremendously 111 earnsay, but tie e ows on . t . it is tipped over on the side of est The moment the car is cmp y, . 1J d by a I •truck to sec it go flying back for uno~Iier 1oad '-pr~pe .e .· r,i,~-sc at fu II gallop at the. cndfof -~ixt1 ,01~e11!:Ctbet~:tdo!h1eoK;~; b. tl voun" ,Jehu, who drives u11ous .). . h k ) . n .·'k . . d bolters and u lively time t ey ma e co111c- tlw g1u1gc1:-, sp1 ers an ' l:i~; \ '> . , • •,,........ ·.-,:--.,,•,....~ l - -~~~~~;._· __ _,___....._. ...;.__ , __ .:,._· S pecimen of first rail used in track ?fit. It is u grand ~vil Chorus that those stlll'dy sledges are· play- 1~g ucross the p(ums. It is !n triple time, three strokes to a spike. 'I here are ~en spikes t o a rail, four hundred rails to a mile, eighteen h_undred n11les to San Francisco. TJ1at's the sum what is the quotient? Twent):-~ne ~illion times arc those sledg;s to be s,nmg twcnt:r-o~e million times are they to come down with their sharp punctuubon before the great work of modern America is complete! . "On they go. Fifteen minutes from the moment that the rail is drop~e~ upon ~he track, it is adjusted, spiked, bolted to its predecesso1 W1th t~e fish-plute,' (there are no 'chairs' used) and ready f?r the advancmg train. It was worth the dust, the l~cnt t.he fa~~fue and the cxposu1·c, to see with one':;; own eyes this seco~d arand • arch to the Sea.' Sherman, with his victo1·ious legions, swe~ping �22 H1sT0Rv or- UNION PACIFIC COAL MrNES from Atlanta. to Su vannah, was a spcctncle less glorious than this :u·my of men, 111111·chi11g on foot from O111nha to Sacramento, subduing u_nknown wildernessc> s~aling miknown mounbt.i ns, sur_mounti 11 g un tned obstncles, and bmd1ng a cross the broad breast of America the irou cmble111 of modern progress nncl civilization. All honor, not onJ_v to the brnins that huvc conceived, but to the indomitable wills, the brave hearts and the brawny muscles tl11.tt u1·e actually .tchicvjng the great work!" Let us go buck to the Omaha encl. In consequence of the 111any uelny. of freight ing, the fixst six months of work 0 11 the r ai lrond had rvsultccl ·in THE BmL01Nc OF THE lnoN w ,\Y 23 obtained government bncking by now, tLnd was pushing it . . -1. . ·· · 1 .· • • . s ia, s eastward 'rom Cuhfor111a, • T>l nc1• 6•c L • . clP.· un111ng to 'JOlll .its tracks to those • of t!ic TJ111011 when they arnve at the same pomt. The hack-laying crews spl · · d h · • • , • 11..1 ed on bv riva1ry, raise t CH production from one mile a day to two then th. · ·1 , tee, then five 1111 es. The rapidity with which the Union Pacific Raih-oad was constructed lccl to the popular belief that the roadbed was unsafe and would not lust. Newspaper n:1cn of the times wrote earnest denials of this criticism. For example, the edjtor of the "Philadelphia Press" declared: the lu~·ing of only thirty miles of track. Peter A. D ey, the fi1·st chid engineer, who begirn the survey, became discou rngl•d by dcln_v und lack of financial 11.utlwrizntion due to the inflated prie(•s of war t.illlc. I fo rt:,irrned and was succt•ccJed by D. H. Ainsworth . ,vhc11 Gc11eral Grenville ?\J. D~do-e took o,·er the work of chief engineer, foJlowing Ains,1'o·r th·~ r csig?1.:1.tio~ the sun·cyo1·~s :;takes were set more swiftly, cfo·t begnn to ily , and 11,c work of grL1ding pro<'ccded apace. The track begim to s hoo t ah,·a<l. Il \ the end of 186G, Dotlg-e had three hundred miles of trnck iu place. a nd ~ nnothcr year two hundred and forty miles more were down nnd Slwrmn 11 Hill b<!twccn Chcymmc und Lnrnmic hnd bec11 r eached. TIie C'c11trnl Pacific hnd A construction gang in 1868 Standard rail and fastening of today "I.ct me state briefly the condition of the material of this road as it stood last week. The rails are confessedly of tl1e best quality. Even the open enemies of the road acknowledge their superior character. Many weigh sixty pounds to the yard; a re clamped by two spikes to eacb cross-tie, and fastened together at the ends by the 'fish-plate,' the company holding to the now generally .received opinion in the better railroad circles that the coutinuous rail is the true idea of an iron road. "Everywhere the road-bed has been prepared by the formation of a slightly 1·aised foundation, witl~ gutters or trench.e~ on each side., and, after the rails have been laid down, ballasted with gravel or bi:oken stone. "Over this road, thus equipped and appointed, our party made a trial run, which was the best test possible of its smooth.uess, s~fety, management, and general condition. On the home trip, coming �NION PACIFIC COAL MINES 24 HtsTORY or U1 TH E BUI LOINC OF THE l noN WAY 25 e<]uivnlcnt of about onc-hulf ton of Rock Springs coo.I. As the average freight locomotiYe when fully loaded consumes about one ton of coal in ten miles, 11 "7,000," Clnss U nion Pacific locomotive would rcqui1·e, if it were J)l'Ucticul to introduce that much wood through the fire door, about thr<'C cords of wood for each ten miles run. Just as wood fuel for locomotiYc use has pussed into histo a·y, so will fuel oil for steam making purposes di ·nppcttr. When that dny comes King Coal will come back into powc:r0 11 l1111rl :111d on sen. A fc11h11·c of the country less appreciated than the coal fields, was the lndinn situation. On the ea stern end the track-laying crews hnd to work with thei r guns by their sides. But as the tl'ack advanced and they entered Chief ,vashukie's counll'y, the need fol' guns disappeared, and da ngc-1· from uno thcr quar tet· p1·csented 11 more urgent problem. This prob- . ., . . '"' .... . \ ·---__.:,.,_:.~--------- -·l locomotive of to-day in from Cheyenne City to Omahn, a stretch of fi\'e hundred and seventeen miles ow· rum11ing lime m.:crugcd tliirf.1J-fo11r autl tlirccfourths 7llile~. At one point fifty miles were r1111 i11 si:rty mi111~tcs. This is nearlv the fastest time on record in the history of Amcn can railroading. ·That it was mnde on a new road, running in part through a hostile land, is t he best evidence in the world that t he road has been built with honl!sty and fairness." l\lany newspaper men penetrated for the first time into the co~ntry west of the .Mississippi River, during the period that the railrond was m the process of construction. These correspondents grew lyric about the benuties of the counti·yside and the fertility of the land. A rcpo1·ter for the "New York Express,, described "soil rich to fullness, with ~ry, lo~my earth that gives promise of a crop uuexcelled" t hat was revealed m cuttings of the milrond. R eference is made to the forests of the Medicine Bow, Elk nnd other mountain ranges, as well as the river s and fields. A book entitled "Union Pacific Raih·oad," and dated 1868 tells of t he possibilities of coal as well as gold and silver mining in V\'yoming mountain territory. One can well imagine the use of wood fuel on the Union Pacific Railroad as it is operated today. In the old days a locomotive tender, when well heaped up, would carry nbout one and one-half cords of wood, the The last word in transportation 1cm was en,bodicd in the little towns that sprung up along the railroad. Euch of the towns in turn mushrooming as the railroad reached 11 nl.'w point, vied with the others in trying to make a name for itself as a l~ellhole. Vigilantes were organized in the infnnt settlement of Cheyenne, which had been established in 1867, and many of the new telegl'aph poles along the rond were turned into gibbets for the ruffians and desperadoes who exploited the community. After Cheyenne camc Brownsville, Rawlins, Black Buttes, G_reen River, Bryan and ·wasatch, to make their individual bids for notonety. �26 HisTmtY OF UNION PAc1rrc CoAL MrNES Brownsville's riotous noises rent the air for only the brief time thut the bridae was bcina built oYer the Korth Platte at F~rt _Ste71e. Its_ mayor was 11 de~perado, jt: marshal hi::; chief licutcno.nt, t heir J~1,;t1ce a farce, but a fa rce that filled their pockets with gold. Tlt~ town d1sap pcar_ed wh~n the railroad advanced. Rock Springs was saved from the grasp of the p1onec1· racketeers and the stiorna of a bud name, by the sub-contractor wl10se aradinrr crew was stuti~ned at the springs. This courageous man forbad e his employcs to carouse- and managed to enforce his edict! Rivalry between· the Union Pacific and the Cen_trul I'tt~i.fi c c1·cw.-; _gre_w more intense us their trucks became longer. The l'111011 P11c1fic men laul s1.x miles of t rack 011e d11y, the Centro.l Pacific followed tl1is with scl'l'II 111ilt•s, ancl tlte l;njon l..,uc-ific came back with seven and one-half 111ilc:.. '1'11c trnck layers became so expert that the graders had n difficult time kcqiing H,c grade ahead of the rails. As fast as the grudc wus lnid. an c11gi1w would push a car louclcd with tics und rnils to the end of the trnck. a Jim• of 1m•n would carry the ties to the grnch'!: and 11 s soon as the ties were in plun~. the men would hustle the rails for\l'ard nnd spike' wcrr quickly dr iwm to THE BUILDING OF TH E IRON WAY 27 muk~ them _fast. The Cc~tral Pacific, irked by the Union Pacific's repeated beating o_f its truck-laymg records: annou~ced that it would lay ten miles of track m one <la~•· Dt·. Durant, v1cc president of the Union Pacific. who lrnd put much of Ins money and energy into the railroad, countered with a wager of ten thousand dollars that the Central Pacific could not do it. . April 29, 1869, was tl~e day selected fo1· t he test, when only fourteen nules separnted the two rntlroucls from their pre-arranged meeting place ut P r nm011tory Point, Utah. The Centrul Pacific had its grade made and its tics in place on t he morning of the test, cars loaded with rails stood ready for tlie starti11g signal, and men with nippers, four men to each rnil, stood ready to curry t he mils from the cars to the tics. Anothe1· crew was rcud_y wi th fastenings and spikes, the crew of drivers was ready, 11.nd l~stly, n crew of shovelers was ready to surface the newly laid track. At the ·,gnu I, 1lw rncn rushed to work, worki11g so swift ly that the car loaded with rnils 1110,·l•d almost steadily fol'ward. By one-thirty in the afternoon after .~ix hou n of work, eight mile1; of new trnck hnd ·been laid. The wo'rkmen 1:e,-_t"d d11ri1_1g the h_mch hour, n~d by seven o'clock that night they had f1111shed thc11· ten miles, after which J nmes Campbell, division superintendent, rnn n locomotive o,·er the new stretcl1 in fo1·ty minutes. A fr,, mo1·e clnys of work were needed to complete t he railroad. and 0 1~ :\fay 10, 18(H), the nation was bound together by a band of steel 1,775 1!1ilcs ln11g, the grf':1,ter part of the work having been done in three years, four months, nnd ten days. During the construction, between twenty o.ncl twcnty-fi,·e thousand me11 had been employed, five to six thousn11d teams had been usecl in grnding nnd track-laying and in hauling stone and timber, ancl more thn11 five hundred tons of track and other materials had been 1't1r"·1trt1l'd tlaily from either l1nd of the line. The Pacific Railroads were 11c!" ;'''"rly to send t heir "black en,·alry of commerce" across the prairies of ·" "braskn, over Sherman Pass, aud across the mountains and deserts that stretch f1·0111 the Plntte to the Pacific Ocean. The day of wood burning locomotives ,ms oYcr and coal wns a p1·ime necessity. Now wns the time to tnp the hard, blad: riches of tl~e Wyoming 11ills. Now was the time to open mines, to put up towns nnd mine tipples, ana to pour men into the underground! ,~7ith the j?ining_ of the two rnilronds and the new urgent need for fuel, coal had tripled m demnnd. It was not just con! now, bu: black diamonds. Driving the Golden Spil,e at Promonlorr, Utah. A/ay JO, 186CJ �CHAPTER IV. Old Carbon, the Beginning, to Disappear in 1902 Tells the story of Old Carbon and how Thorna_s _Wardell and Cyrus 0. Godfrey first went into. and late~ got ou~ of coal m11'.1"g and rner<'haridising w t!te workers built. ,corked and plaJed. and how the graveC b011. Ho at / incornpa~a?le • l Al rs. yardorwas first started after an Ill d'ran rm'd• How tie L. C. Smith. small, petite and b/0~1d. th<•. daughter of a phys1cw 11 , prc.<cribed for 1111d nursed t/re si~k 1wlll tl,e flf~~ com puny do_ctor came.[rom Omaha. Tire• visits of Calamity Jan e, who took her w/11sk<') 11ml, tl,c death of Tlromus Tfliddowfield 011 Rat1/es1wkc Creek t~'.,d the lw11{!.i11~ of hi.~ murd<•rrrs "Dutch Charlie'' a11d "Big-11os<' Gcor[!.c. llo11• D. 0. Clark l,n11dlcd thC' 111011tMy pa)' roll_ of $150.000, and _ho,~• _I~. E. ~al 11in. ll'ho lal,•r became /'rl'siclent of t/u• Um/road. plarcd a 1ust1/wble JOke 0 11 ,,,, overexuberant room mate. How old Carbo11 lii:cs 011 in th P m<·mori<•, of it., Jrirnds-u g/rost tow11. to whose cemetery thry ,yet bri11g their dNu(. OST of the ghost towns in the ·w est were built by 111u1 11 hn sought gold in the earth. The wcnthcr-bentcn skeldon of old l'a rli,111, nestling in t_he snge brnsh st•,·cn miles south of the rniln111J ancl tlw present paYed l11ghwaJ, marks one of the few spots in thc \Yt·st where coo.I not gold wns, for n collsidernble period, king. M Carbon was thc first 111i11ing to1rn to be estnblishcd by tlw 1 •11ion P acific Rnilr~nd. Sprawled nboYe the roal deposits in the ;outhcaslc·rn pn.rt of Wy~n11ng, the camp sprung up almost in a single night. its sole purpose bemg to keep the black smoke bekhin,, into the skv from those en rl\' Fnion Pacific locomotives. The town was ~in•d by Th~m11 :. " ' a n.lcll. wh~> left his own coal 1n·opcrties in BrYicr. 1Iissouri, i;1 ch,ugl' of his partner, Cyrus 0 .. Godfrey, and leased the railrond's coal lands at C'a rbon for u term of fifteen_ ycnrs. ,vnr<lcll contrnded to prospect for coal, to opt•n ancl operate mmcs, nnd to sell the rnilroad all the coal it needed for six dollnrs a ton for the first two ycnrs, fiYc dollars a ton fur the next three .fvcars, four d~llars 11 ton for the next four Years, nnd thn·c dollars a ton 01· the next SIX Ycnrs Thn . ·1 . • the ncccss,u·v truek·s . • . • " 1 m 1 one] agree to b uild tot 11c mmc. a· ,vard(.'11 was {'llJrer to Li egm • JllS • work• o f opcnma · • l the m11w:; ancl 1c • f ti \\1 • "" ' which he •..· l tl ol1t _e 1e .·''.onnng C'oal nnd l\lining Companv, to 111011 Pariftc con] lease, before he set out with 11 l'l'C . f l\tsi;ign~, . ic II ti n ' tss_nun .111111crs foi· the Indian countn·. Near the cn<l of the ycnr IC crew lll'JWed Ill C'arbon Co t l <l d ; • Tl . un Y, un on c its m1\cl1incr_v and began to sink -] f a ; ope. ic, cncountcred a coal scam cighty-fi,e fcet from the sur. acc, w tkcrcupon_ the~• quic·kly in~tnlled n hoist bu.ildina a tipnle nnd coaling poc· ·cts. l\Imc cars l cl d ··tl ' soon ... . r. • ou e "1 1 <·01.1.l were bcmg nused to the . •t .1 I . ti II Ill l'U on V to lll CO l'f) 28 OLD CARBON, THE B EClNN INC, TO DISAl'PEAR IN 1902 29 surface, pushed to _the tipple and their conte~ts dumped into the pockets where the locomotives stopped to refuel. VV1th the opening of the first mine, came the opening of the town. There wn.s no sign in 1111 the noisy, boisterous life of the upstart town to show thnt Carbon canied, due to the discovery of a higher grade coal at Hnnnn, the ccds of its own dissolution. There was nothing to show thut Carbon's ghost would haunt the deserted mine slopes and that the harsh 1Vyoming wind would blow over the empty shell of the town in less than a third of a century. The very air seemed filled with the promise of 11. bright future. Houses sprang up as from the earth itself, as miners dug caves into the side of the nenrby ravine and covered the fronts with bonrds and earth, with a stovepipe poked throug11 n. hole. in the top of each roof. :\Jore pretentious houses, built of twelveinch planks, upended, gave the settlement nn 1tir of jaunty impermanence. Still these small, unpretentious shanties were not built by transients as temporary stopping plnces. R ather we1·e they the forerunners of Thomas IT'ardell pcrmane11t homes, t he hasty makeshifts of pioneers, that would give way to better houses when time and monl'Y pe>rmitted. 1 .ivin.!.;' eonditions in the town were primitive. A large cistern lined ll'ith lioanl, provided the miners and their wives with water for home use. 1"'he ruilroarl haule>d the wnter in tank cars f}.·om Medicine Bow, charging nothing for this service, and the men dipped what water they needed from the cistern's sounding depths by means of an old powder keg, hauling it to the bnncls tlrnt stood before the shanties and stores, at a cost of twenty-five cents a. barrel. As thr scattering of soddies and shacks took on the character of a community, the miners began to plan for a school and a church. They pooled their slender resources to buy lumber and set about the work of construction. Good miners made indifferent carpenters they soon discovered, nnd difficulties beset them at every blow of the hammer. Added to their lack of skill were troubles brought by the strong wind that swept across the country. These men from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and tl1e British I slands turned puzzled faces to the unaccustomed gusts of "'7yoming weather. Three times the framework for the church blew down and three times they patiently buildcd anew, before they finally erected sturdy walls that could withstand the wind. The completed building they cttlled the First Methodist Chlll'ch. A second church was added a few years later when the Episcopalians in Cheyenne, having decided to �HISTORY OF UN ION PACIFI C COAL MIN ES 30 31 OLD CARBON, 'fRE J3EGINNJNG, TO DISAPPl,AR I N 1902 build a larger house of woTShip, tore down their old church and shipped it in sections to Carbon on flat cus. On weekdays scl10ol_was taugh~ in the church. Amon~ the fir:;t teachers in the en.mp were :Miss Anna Fisher, who later m1u·~·1ed .J. S. Jones . :Mrs. Randall Clay; "Professor'' Matthews ; and, most nnporttu1t of all' the incomparable Mrs. L. G. Smith. Her husand, then a mine clerk w ' later to become Superintendent of Mines at Ca,rbon. ' as Mrs. Smith was outwardly not_ at all tl_1e b~1xom, w01_nanl_v type admired by frontiersmen ?f the sevcnbcs a~d eighh~s.' but wtt hin, her Slllall, blond person she carried all the endurmg quahbcs needed for pioneer life. She was clever, competent, nnd energetic. A college g rndua tc sh , had n great variety of information tucked away in her pret ty head .' Sli~ wns tea.chcr to the children, mother confesso r to the women, nncl nu rsc t 1 the entire community. Before her marriage she hnd work\'d as a nurs~ with her foth er, who was a physician, and soon after she 11·,•n t lu C111•bon her sen·iccs were in great demand. Since there wn 110 dod o 1· jn Ca rbon Mrs. ?mith, wit h tl~e . occasional help of the company t o 1·1• plrn.rmaci~t and lu~ patent med1cmcs, dosed and sympathized her pat i1•n ts j 11t 0 re~o~'cry, unlrn1:1pered. In serious cases, w11ere the simple 11,>mc remedies l'mled, u !m1-r1~d call from her would summon Dr. H a rris fro m Lammie 1;cvcnty-fivc m1Jes to the east, or Dr. i\Iagec from R awlins, fo r ty miles h: the west. Not until 1882 did the town possess a doctor of its own. .r\t tJ1nt time Dr. 'Webb came out from Omaha to be the compa11y doctor. This was af- .1 ,· -~ 1 ter the Union Pacific Railroad had taken over the mines from Wardell. Dr. Webb r emained fo r three or fotu year s, and was succeeded by Dr. T. G. Rickets, 11•ho remained in the camp until its end was almost in sight, when he was succeeded in turn by Dr. Carter. Among the medical men who followed Dr. Carter was Dr. .John R. Nilsson, now Chief Surgeon for the T1nion Pucific R ailroad, 11 brilliant doctor and surgeon, residing in Oma ha. Dr. N ilsson sen cd for a time as a very young doctor in Carbon i 11 1901. A doctor's duties were not particularly arduous in early-day Carbon, a nd this was fort unate, s ince there was no hospital in the camp. A man Old Carbon in its best days who liY<id in Carbon during the seventies, describing health conditions tlwre. repo r t : ''.Th~r e was surp rising ly littll' sickn_ess. People didn't seem to get sick m t hose (ht)':>. i lotrnb,1.in fever and mine injuries were about the onls things t.l1at' sent p eople to bed. Almost every newcomer would ~ct t he mouutnin fever, and would suffer high temperah.1 re and cl11lls. The great remedy was quinine and sage tea made from_ sage ~rush _leaves. After a pcrso_n had the disease once, he n~vei liad it ngam. The water was said to be the cause of the disease." . Inclee~ 11 doctor might have been hard-put to find oceu ation in the from mining accidents a~d :from ti occ_11~10~nl but_ alwass-th~·eatening Indian attacks. To tl1e ~est of Ca1·bo~c ~htef " 11sl1!1k1e, good friend to the white man that he was kept h • Sh ' s 10nes wel! rn hand, but the Indians in tho more immediate 'vicinit 1:f ti~ !l1usl~roommg coal camp were not so peaceful. Hardly had the y t k ~~/HS~ br~atll; ,fv~1en the st~ble boss, tramping over· the unevc:a;:au:de: e an a Ht 1om camp m seai·ch of some stra d ] h~i~ n _hncl it not been for wounds _.. . .....--:;------ =~-=--< . a_-_. - ~ - -_..,.-.-- ~ , - = -- . Aline No. 1, C~rbon, opened in ')'ear 1868: closed in 1881. Tlie tall man 111 fregrowzcl. wearing straw hat is Mine Superintendent Wm. Robinson. Others ,wt mown. Photograph taken about J'ear 1870. i~~I:· 1 1 ;,~u~d~1a~;a1~~isi~:t:~~m~:~:~~~fie b~~h!;~:i:~a: d!f/i:s:;: ~~!~t:~~~ mg together the grim-faced women and_ their frightened chil~:1~!.aSo:; �32 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES OJ.O CARDON, TAE BEGI NNING, TO DISA PPEAH IN 1902 all living in the camp were inside or at the mine, the women and children huddled inside, while the men, above ground, tramped back and forth with thefr hunting rifles swung oyer their arms. The Indians djd not raid the camp that night, but t he man they had attacked died. A plot for his jnterment was selected and he was buried with fitting ceremony, the first mun to die at C1irbon. Its ccmcte1·y once established, the camp seemed to have pushed down roots. Occasionally a trnveler, scalped by the Indians, would be added to the silent company resting beneath the earth, and presently some of t he townspeople were laid in the burying ground with tile strnngers-and now there was ::.on1ething more tl1un a pay check to bi11d the people to this frontier settlement. Carbon, like the thriving, expanding tmrn it wns, begau putting out sl10ots above ground as "'ell ns roots below. Between 1868 and H)02, when the camp was abandoned, seven mines were opened and worked. One of the first and most successful outgrowths of the town was th<' d tlc111ent hvo miles away where No. Four and later No. Fjve :;\lines werl' dt vcloped. No. Four proved to be a failure, but No. Five, located on the snni,• sectio11 of Jn.11d, encountered no fnult.s. Although No. Five Mine was opt' rn t etl as a part of the Carbon properties, it soon took on the chnrnctcr of a separate village. More than fifty Jog buildings were scattered about the m ine, including hon,es, stores, saloons, boarding houses, and office buildings. l\fost of the miners at No. Fi-..•c wer e "Lnnkies," 11s they were called. big, rawboned men, qujck to take offense, ns earnest at their play ns nt their wo1·k. They had come to America from one of Englnnd's heavy coal-producing counties, Lancashire, and they were well able to handle the job of mining in Wyoming. Sports-Jo,..-ing men, they were not long in C:\.7)]01·ing the amusement possibilities of the country-side. Hunting as a pnsttimc they discarded in sho1·t order. vVith hrn hundred to three hundred e1k grazing in the mule pasture with the company mules a hulf mile from the camp, shooting elk held about the same wild zest for n sportsman 11!" shooting a Guernsey cow. As for sage chickens, a mnn coulcl find them in boring abundance a few hundred yards outside the camp. R acing was the mine worke1·s' fa,·ol'ite sport. One of their first actiYities after moving to No. Five Mine "·as to clear the sage brush from n, quarter-mile stretch of prairie near the camp and call it a mcc trnck. Hm·ses were raced there every Sunday, with young ,John and l\Iichacl Quealy, sons of the first Carbon pit boss, perched in the big-homed weste1:11 snddlei; ns jockeys. Second only to horse-racing in the ey<'s of the- Lancashire 111incn; was -pigeon shooting, ·with live p igeons as the ~ar· gets. '!'hey had an infallible system for inducing a bi1:d to_fly to the r1gllt or to the left for a shooter who shot poorly in that d1recbon. Thomas _H. Butler, who was a boy in Carbon in those days, and who became Mme Superintendent at Hanna, Superior, nnd Rock Springs, and later Gen~ eral Supervisor of Mines of the Company, recounts the method employed. "They would jab n pigeon's eye out, the eye the! removed depending on the direction in which they wanted the blrd to fly. of this, und the Britishd mine workers The shoo t e1.s soo n learned . t . t· later 1·esorte were HOL• handicapped. much. They ,, tobacco juice in the pigeon's eye. o squ1r mg Primiti\'e life begets crndities. . nee· soc>n became the favorite cvenmg • I mpromp t u d a ~ . .- . amusement, 0 S t ._ • n · ntti•nc ti'o,is with t he pweon :::hoots and the hor ses. n ~ a u.1 0 ran k mg ~ " ,, d t • ·1 · dn,, CYC'lt in rrs men and women would r ide the t w~ _an . a quar e 1 m1 cs fr~lll ~ <>. F~iur nnd N o. Five Mines t o Carbon, to v1S1t the dance hall next to the Ross suloon, where P. ,J. Lunney ~~ ··1 would be fiddling- n.wa~' for dear li fe, .some1 tirnc;;; kccpin(T as mnny ns six ct.,; p;o1ng· a ~ 011 cc. Lunnc;. a minc1:, 1nts the ,rn ly fiddler in Carbon ,;11d ,he played at nll th1: d a n tC'S except t l1I' gain a n11 1:1tll balls of tl1c K nigh t::: of P ythias und the Odd F elle>ws, 1vl1en 11 soldiers' orches tra from F or t .. ted 1: , lln:11 ty-fi\'r 111 ilc wes t, wus brought to the j open; house for the occnsion. A colleetion wa.s taken up at cacl1 Snh1rda_v 11ig ht da nce 1 to pny Lum1ey. I-fow tl1e miners st ampl'<l and the ,, u1nl'11 clapped! H ow sweetly l ,11 nJleY's bo,, fll· II lrnck a nd fo r th! And l 1(lll' g-,;y it wu:- nlwuy • ! Rut let IL mun who knew C1Hbon in the ctll'l_v dnys tell :you. H ear "l'ncle Iloh" Cardwell, of Hanna, wl10 rnme to Carbon in 1878, t el..l about lht• old !111.r"• Robert C. Cardwell I "Our bunch never "'Crc dri 11king men ; we didn't gamble l'il.h1:r- wc 1rnd wcrndcr fnl t i111CJ~ ..\ t t he calico and overall dances. the gil'1 s would 1n1ltz wi th u glass <if wate l' on their heads without spilling II drop! T\'e l1ad 11u radio:;;, automobiles, or jazz bands, but we had woudcrful picnics and horse racing that would outshine blue-grass Kentucky." Aftcl' eigllty acres had been wol'ked out in No. Five Mine, the quality of_ the coal had become so poor and the cost of mining it so higl1 that the rnmc was a_bandoncd. No. One Mine in Carbon proper was abandoned at the sam~ time, hut No. Six Mine was opened near No. One and p1·oved productn·c _enough to demand the services of the workers from No. FiYc ns well a~ from the No. One l\Iinc. Through this pe:i·iod the Lanen.shire m;.n eonturned _to predominate in tlu:it collection of mixed nationalities. ~~ 1th the openm~ of ~o. Six Mine production was further stepped up nd mo_re men drifted rnto Carbon, stores began to multiply a.lonO' the 1 side of the hac~s and more houses were built on the hills. The~nost roof ~e J10uscs ,~ere ~bll made of planks set on end, with flat or sloping inc1 sd~overed with dirt. These :·oofs were subject to a number of hazards, u ing the danger of washmg away during the heavy spring rains. :~u:i1 �36 HISTORY OF U NION PA CTFIC COAL MINES OLD CARBON, THE BEGI NN ING, TO DISAPPEAR IN 1902 A s soon U:i lumber could be brought, t he Beckwit h-Quinn Company erected a new store on the other side of the t 1·acks, of better material and constrnction than the old one, and most of the other ::;to1·e-kceper:s a nd home-owners followed thei r example. Out of the a::;hes of old Carbon rose n. new, more substantial town. 'l'he fall of t lHtt same _year, the rebuilt town was incorporntcd, and John Lewis was <:leeted the first mu vor. :\lnyor Lewis tool, !,jtcvs to prevent n repetition of the> fire by passing un ordinance whic-h required all buildings to hnve brick chimneys, a1:d whi<·h furt her forbade Curboni tes to have stovepipes sticking out of the roofs. A second safety measure en.me in the building of a water tank at the abandoned No. FiYc Mine site, and the laying of a p ipe line from it to Cn.rbon. . ] d level head a quick eye, and a pair of hard fists. H e HI. a ' • I J3 C t T ,dcd.ull of t hese before he was through. One mg1t en _ar er,_ a . exas nee ·] l d . , t i)' come to the camp, became abusive while m the cowboy w 10 ia i cccn . I. C t 'th t h' sttloon u11 d H un t er. JIlld to slap his face to qmet um. Har er, t w1 ou t 1s ilely Sever al days later, as un er wns en ero-un ucccp t ed tl1e sIap doc • dd1 I II d f ~ 'tt . 1 11 Cai·tcJ' i·ode up behind him on a sa c 10rse, pu e one o m a 1e sa oo , • If d 't I'll · k ,bf t c md said ''Brina me a bottle of w1n s ·ey. you on , Ius or y~11,·cs, 1 t::> d t th d y and hold ' , vcntiln.t~ you ." Hunter got t he wl1iskey, returnc o c oor:va in o- the bottle up for Carter to sec it, fir: d a shot over the Texan s head. Ct~rtcr did not stay to exchange shots w1~h Hunter, bu~ turned nnd galloped out of camp. He rode almost to Rawlms befor e ~ommg to a cow camp tent pitched on the prairie, in which a c-owboy was lymg down. E ven bl'for c its juco rporntion as a village, the cnmp possessed to an astonishing dt·grcc t hat quality the Fren ch call " esprit de eorp -." For year :-- afterwards, miners who lived in old Carbon were to rc111embcr the camp with affectiu11 and fierce loyalty . T oday, sc1tttered thrnug liout Wyoming :rnd the west, 11ssocintions of fo rmer Cnrbonitcs vi it tht• ghos t tow11 Mch year to dccornte the cemetery for old time's sake. Ther e is evc11 ii saying about it: "Once a Carbonitc, a1wn_,· s n Carbonitc." I-Iear Sam Dickinson, of Hanrnl, who left Engl1rnd ti) c-omc ti) till' Sweetwater country, 1111d who was clerk in Carbon 111 188G: "There never was such n town - we ncYcr had cliriucs or fo.ctions, we wer e Carbonitcs, and if anything 11ccdcd to be done for Carbon, w e 1111 p ulled togethc1· to do it." The saloons of the camp, like the "poo r men's clubs'' throughout the countr y, were ever the center of much uctiY1ty an<l excitement. It was ~o them that the cowboys from t11c adjoining <·ountry would ride on ~hen· dnys in town, and it was there that t11ey woul~ .spend all _du~· and half the night playing poker, winding up thei~· celebration by tos::;mg h~·enty-dollur gold pieces at cracks in t he floor or m the unpaper cd walls of the saloon. The stories told of Carbon's saloons would match the wildest of barrack-room ballads of a ny country. Even Kipling could find ra_rc cxperic-nc~s in old Carbon. ,~Tith his foot on the bar rail, one hand c_onve1m.:11tly _near )11s holst.ei•ed gun, cowboy would face miner acr~ss ~he dim room, tl~1ck_w1th smoke and the smell of hard liquor. The combmahon .of cow~oy,_ miner, and whiskey of ten resulted in a shooting. There was no mequahty Ill the feud, however. The town might be n mining town, but the state w3:s !: rnnge st~~~ nine tenth~ of it being giYen over to cattle and b_ronco_ pomc:., and latei '>heep, and the cowboys could easil y match the mmcrs m numbers. A faniili u.r anecdote_ of cowboy-miner fracas is the stor1 o~ yom~g . . R Hunter o.nd Ben Curter. Hunter, who was t hen m h~s ear Y G:reo1 ge • f o-1ven the twenties ancl had been n r esident of the camp or a year, w3:s ~ chance to bec0111c a bar tende>r in 1883. Bec_ause he was not a di nlnktQng mla~t Quealy• to 1e pl . uea • l fl. "'OOd su1al•Y b·n Hunter was offl'rec •' ~fichael u 1 Yds brother, Lawrence, run the famous Jim Ross saloon, winch Quea Y P anne t 0 buy Hunte1 "Get np out of there. and gt·t me· something to cat," Carter snarled. ' TIH'1·('·.., plenty of gl'ub,'' tl1c cowboy retu rned. "Get it you rself." 1 Carh'l''s reply was a shut tlm~ killed his host. H e was caught and ho.ngcd in Htl11·lins. Another of Hunter's exploits was with a burly Irish gunman who had UL'l'II run out of T rinidad, Colol'ado, anutlacr mining camp. The Irishman's first act i11 Carbon was to fo rce ] ,itl\'renct• Quealy (an Irishman himself), nt the p ui11t uf n gun, to blow t he frutl1 off the g unman's beer. The gunman l'cturned when H unter was 011 duty, p re:pa red to repeat his stunt. H e m·dcred beer nnd said : "Blow off t he froth." " I'm not doing that ki11d of work," Hunter drawled. '·I m11Jc yollr partner blow it off last Sunday," the o-unman said, "am! you·rl' going to blow it off tonigh~ or I ' ll blow your head off." In his year 1n the c~mp, Hun ter liad become the champion wrestler. Tn u tlnsh he snatched fos gun from unde1· the counte1· where he kept it hnn~y. At o~ce ,he realiz?d that he could kill this bully. H e had t.he drop on h11~1, ~ut 111 lu_s m~11 mmd he would be committing cold-blooded murder, even 1f 1t_ were Jll:sbfied. In the same movement that raised the gun he dropped 1t,_ swcp_t u:p the nearest empty beer bottle, cracking the thug across tlie Jaw_w1th 1t. Fo1!owing up a good beginning, he vaulted across ~he bar, knocking off the water cooler as he went, to clinc11 with t he Colondo bully. Bartender and desperado fought across the saloon out of t he oor, and as far as the railroad tracks, before the gunman we~kened d called: ''For God's sake, boys, take him off! H e's killing me,,, Tl • at~ thedcamp want:d to hang the visit ing thug, but Hunter refns~d to1:1f en .1: an escorted 1nm t o the train instead. ow I ' 1 Incidents like this were a pa 1·t 0 £ th d. . in the m·mmg • t own sa1oons One day wh• c or g ive n.nd take of li.fe I mary1u· Thomas Qu I h d • en l e was v.1.me Superintendent fighting Iri:~ ;e t~a:te~ o~ebof the saloons at th~ r isk of his life. Th~ p a een on a two-day rampage, holding up 1n �38 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC C OA L MINES work at the mines, doing a rut, ·I • • t·esidcnts in fonr of the ult' \ c ~ tootmg 111 the streets, putting ult the nt Rawlins to come to C t~lll c codnseqlucnccs. Quealy wired for the sheriff and undertook t k urfon nn ent t he disturbnncc. A dcputv a ni\'cd congregated b 0t Ima I e. dn cw 1trrcst • •s at ti l l' satoons wItc1·e the •men wel'e , u ie ta no more • manacled w'tl l · . I d . tlmn starte•<l bf e ore Iic f oun d h11nself Que 1 h 1 l ns. own llln cut'ls and locked in the saloon's buck room ·ka yt t <l cn tolokkdt~ upon himself to bring 1wacl'. IJ ,, thrus t a pist ol in hi~ oc c an • ins'd ' ti wu ·e into the saloo1_1..).J'k t ·c }<'ox , one ul• t h,· nngk•utl1·r , ~~0011 P c ,:v 1 gun. Queal y drew l11s gun und :m i<l lu F ,>:-.. ··\I ,·ou ., • '. b h ome. I 1 11 i\.. l· 0 , 1 1 1 1 "You can't make me !" l•' ox i:.nul'led back. Both ~mm fu ce,1 death for n moment. Ir tlll l' , hot. l hc o l hn ' .:; 1r1111 ,~oulcl b e d1schurg;cd . However, common sense ut leng th filt ered into F ~-;·, h~uor-foggcd bram and he shoYed his gun into his belt and went humc. Tl 11 dis turbance was ended. In 1883 the Cu.rbon su.loons had u visitor w htht' mtmc is fam iliar tu any follower of western lore, Cnlamit_y J unc. H er 1<1,, r. \\'ild Uill Il i<·kok. had b een killed S C\'C l'lll years before. Now she wn,- in IIL'r thirtil·,-, nnd looked twice her uge. 'l'hc murk of long dnys spent in the sun wa-. burned deep in lo her hard, wcntherbeu.ten focc, and her s tron.,., broad body h:stiticcl to d,n ... and nights in the suddle. She bonstc<l that si1c t•ould -,ta;HI up to nn\' 111;111 in working, shooting. hon;e riding, o r whi ... h ·y d 1·i11kin!{, and ...tu· cl°id 11ol hcsitat e to put her boast to the t-cst. I-for g n •d 111~ Io 1hl· men ,he klll'"° a.., she strode into the snloon on her visit t o C'ur lmn 11 , , " I thin\.. it ',- nbmit time we had n drink." She took her whiskey neat. The bartender nskecl, "D o ~-ou want wntcr for a chaser?" "No," laughed Calamity June, "I'll tnkc the snmc for n chusl·I'." .-\ml while the ha.rd-drinking men in the snloon wu.tche<l, she µourcd till' wh i..,J..,." nonchu.lantly down h er throo.t. In a town where liquor wns dispensed by six saloon,- and rni r:cn; and cowboys dominated the community, tlu:rc wm, m:ed fur :,o nLl' dwc\.. on lnwlcssne~s thu.t often run to murde,:. Carbon justice 111 those day,- was both swift and µrimiti,1e. There wns the case of "Du h·h C'llllrlie'' and "llig-nosl" George," who killed two Curbon C'ounty deputy sheriffs. "Dutd1" and "Big-nose," members of u gung of trnin robbcl'S, were h·niled by Deputy Sheriffs " ' . Vincmt und Thomu.s " ' iddowfield as for us u recently ubnncloned campsite on Ru.ttlesnuke Creek ne11r Elk 1\Iountain. While the offi· cers c:xumined the embers of the cumpfirc, they were shot u.nd J...--i11ed from ambush . 'Widdowficld wus buried in Curbon Cemetery, his friends erecting n monument o,·er his grave. After considerable detective work. two• La Fe\'re brothers capturl'd "Dutch Charlie" u.nd marched him to the jo.il at Laramie, from whence Sheriff J umes Ru.nkin started with him bo.ck to Rawlins, the cou11ty seat �40 H1sTORY m ~ U NION PAc1p1 c CO AL MI NES arm of n t elephone pole, u little Swede kicking the barrel from under him to plunge him to his death. The miners' sons wl10 had been sent to bed early the night of the lyncl_1in~ we1·c out before _br eakfast the next morning. !hey ~anged about the swmgmg body of the kille r and took turns whirling 1t until the rope wns knotted, t hen watching while it spun in thc> o the r rlin,ction a s the l'Ope untwisted. In Julv, G eon:re" • 1880, " Dutch Charlie':;" confcdcrntc, "Ilig--Nosc ~· ~' \\'its captured in eastern Montana by the Carbon Couuty shc1·iff. A mnsk.c<l mob held up the t.rnin on which the sheriff was taking his prisonu · to tlw Rawlins jitil 1.tnd fo1·ccd the train-robber to confess his part in the 11111 rder of the two deputies. " Dig-Nose" was sentenced to be hanged o n April :3, 1882. A week before his sentence wns to take pince, while being held in t l,e ctmnty jail at Rawlins, he overpowered Sheriff Rank in at dinne r. ~fr,,. Hankin discovered the csc1iping pris011er, sla mmed the cell doo r and n ~n to the jail st ep s wl1ere she fired her husband's r evolver into the a ir. G nlhering flt her sig nal 11 number of men trooped into the j ail and tonk tli1- prio;nncr outside. H e was forced to climb a ladder which was set up ag:1111,-l II lamppost and t o1<l to jump. The rope broke ! Not to be che,,tcd of thl'ir vidnn, the mnrder e1· of thcfr fri ends, the angry c rowd shot hini to death. '-rl1rec year. la ter 11 gunman cnught in 1\l ontn.nn wns st1s pc(·ted of being u member of tlw old "Dutch Char1ie''-''Big-Nose George" gung. 'l'hc prisoner was brought to Omaha by ste11mboat and the re plnC'cil nbo11 rd 11 truin. An informant in North Platte sent word to his fri ends i11 Ca rbon of the gunman's supposed identi ty, and n necktie p nrly w11s arl'llnged. \Vhen the Carbonites stopped and searched the train cm whit h the g unman was supposed to have been riding, they found neither p risoner no1· shc1·iff. \V nrned of the Carbon mob's intentions, tl1c officer and his eha rgc lrnd left the t r ain at Laramie. Late1· the gunman was proved inno<'C'nt of 111e111hL·rship in the train-1·obbc1· gang and of participation in the murder of t hr two deputies. '£he dramatic exodus of "Dutch Chnrlie'' and of "Ilig-Noi-1 George" from the Carbon vicinity illustrates one of the pri11ci pal n •nso11,; why it was quite a s safe to handl: the big puy rolls a s if the. m,oncy bugs contained canned beans. It e:-..7Jlams why D. O. Clark, a ~ chief r le1·k for the Wyoming Coal and Mining Company , ,rould ~cnrlessly C'u rry nn entire month's pay roll in the safe in his business car durmg Curbon's early years, and why he parceled out that $150,000 and more to the miner s from the car's rear platform unguarded. A train-robber might pla1~ t~ buck the law aod dare the skill of pursuing officers, but what man lll l11s ngbt sen~es would proYokc the fury of this mob of miners? No, the pay roll was qmte sufr. The car could remain on the sidotraek a week u11d still be undisturbed. Its security rested with the long, patient line of n.1incrs, en.ch man waiting for the pr(ce of a month spent underground,_ a month ~•ith pick and shovel and a miner's dim light. These men wc1'e theu· mm police. Clark never had, it is said, to ask a miner's name; he knew them all. But he did not ca11 them by their first names as he dealt ou~ their pay envelopes, 11or did they call him by his. H e was "Mr. Clark" to everybody. Or.o C AHBON, 1' HE_ 8EGtNN1Nc, To DtsAPPEAH 1N 1902 4-1 The me~ hu.d <l:ep respect for him,_ and when he dropped the heavy envelopes mto their palms they knew 1t was unnecessary to count the gold pieces that made up their wages. Clark invariably gave them the !•jght umount t? the penny. ~n later yc~rs Clark did not bring the pay in person, but sent 1t out by t ram. The tram crews would dump the money sacks on tlic depot platform, from whence they would be picked up by the store d crk a ud hnulcd in a wngon along the tortuous road that wound from the tkµ<,l , <lodging the holes where old mine workings had caved. The sacks were liandlecl as casually as chunks of coal; one sack was lost one winter evening in a snowbank on the platform, and was found the next morning ns a miner shuffletl through this same snowbank. A contemporary worker of D. 0. Clark, who, like Clark, wu.s to become ,t power ,i n the company, was E . E. Calvin, at that time telegraph opcrnror tni d dep ot agent at Carbon. As a young man in Carbon, Calvin was libcrnlly endowed with a fund of vitality, and with that particu1ux kind of ingcnnity tha t can make 11 practical joker terrifying to his friends. l11 spite of ll1c fa ct that he was perfectly equipped to be a snccessful mndcnp, Calvin h!d n serious life, working long hours, to retire as eru·ly n-. hr could. Calvin roomed with another young man, who kept the !>ame respccl11hlc hours that lie did, but the two had a third bunkmate in their li ,·ing quarter s, a gay and irresponsible lad who had set his mind on 1Jxtrncti11g nil the pico.sure he could out of every day and the first half of the night. It was this fellow's custom, when his evening's fun was over, to come merrily }1omc, storm into the bachelor gual'ters, clump across the wooden floors, hum happily while he jerked off his clothes, and leap into he<l wi th n bounce thnt made the springs protest. His awakened C'Omrades l'< 11dd run1plain a s much a s they pleased; their grumbling went unnoticed. ll1il ••nc ui.ght after he had bounced into bed he bounced out even moxc> <1UJckly. a11d never again did he indulge in the sport of awakenjng his sleeping r oommn tcs. His Teform dated from the moment his feet 1·ollt:,g under the l'0Vers. In the bottom of the merrymaker's bea' Calvin had thrust the carcnss of a frozen hog. In later years Mr. Calvin was to work his way to, the presidency of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, later serving as Vice President of Ope1·ntion, from which office he retired in 1928 to make his home in Los Angeles, California. He was one of the many men who in their youth got their sturt in Old Carbon, coming to the town when it was a mere mining camp, and through industry, ambition and good character, coupled with mental alertness, his future was assured from the beginning. When the great CLl.l'thquuke and fire that devastated San Francisco came April 18th and 19th, 1906, with its loss of 452 lives and property damage of $350,000,000, l\fr. Calvin was in charge of the Southern Pacific Railrond properties. It was on his competent and tireless shoulders that the work of resto1·ing transportation fell, to be carried out with promptitude. Dming the Great War Mr. CalYin served as Regional Manager of the \-\Te5tern Railroads under M1·. C. R. Gray, Director of Operation, a work he car- �4.2 HISTORY OF UN ION PACIFIC COAL MINES ricd out with the efficiency that governed his working ljfc_ Mr. Calvin passed away on March 17, 1988, lcnving thoustmds of his curly tlssociates to mourn his death. Carbon in her hcydey fostered some of the then most richly producing mines in southern \Vyoming. After taking 6,560 tons of coal out of the Carbon earth that first yeur, in 1869, the miners took fi ve t imes thut amount the year foJlowing, a nd the yield for the next twenty year::; continued to increase with the opening of new mi11es. A s wns to be cxpectccl mining operations did not prog rc:-.s without a 11LUl1bcr o f setbacks, includ~ ing C.'.l)losion and flood. The first _year after No. One :\line wm; opened , 1111 e:x'})losion of gas occurred there. Fortunately for the workers, this happened on a Sunday when no men wer e underground. That surnl:' sprin<r -floods came rushing down the hilJsides, causing the mine to cave to the su 1'::. face, allowing the torrent to pour in. "\Vomen of the camp wo 1·ked furiously se"·ing bmlap together to make sand bugs, while t he men r an with the1;1 to the mine to huniedly build dykes. Darkness fonnd u11 ~xhaustt'd ca mp, t he wives with swollc11, bleeding fingers, the men with aching l.111.ck •. I n spit<: of the rescue work, the mine was flooded, and mon thfi ,1L·nt bv bdore it could be dewatercd und prnduction resumed. • Ui..o CARBON, T11 i:: 131,c1 NN 1Nc, -ro D1sAPPEAr. 1N 1902 43 '1Vardell also experienced a succession of labor troubles. Many of the men were members of the Knights of Labor, an organization thnt preceded the United Mine "Worke1·s of America, with T. V. Powderly later becoming its national president. Several strikes took place at Carbon, during one of which, in 1871, the workmen deser ted the town, leaving only the storekeepers to keep the empty bujldings company. The settlement which ended this strike p roduced only a temporary peace, for three years later another g<>nr ral st rike further delayed progi-ess. In addition to having to cope ll'ith labor problems, Wardell was finding it 1mpossible to please his superiors, the directors named by the F ederal Government to sit on the board of the rnilroad company. The Govemment directors were firmly opposed lo the leasing of the railroad's coal lunds to 11 private cont ractor, and in their 11nnu11I reports they described the lease as "an inexcusable iniquity," chu rg i n.~ t ha l the prices the railroad paid for coal were extortionate. ,\ mong ntli,:,1· nssertious, the Government directors claimed that the leas<' l'!'i tahfo:l1l•tl a fu el monopoly in , ~lyoming, that private indivjdunh and pro<p; ,·liq• industries along t he railroad neede~ cheap fuel, that the lease stifled cumpctition and therefore kept the price of the fuel high, and that the- 111011opol_y should be broken so that local industries could be built, production could be sti111ulatcd, and the raih·oad could profit from an increase in t rnHk (luc to an inc rease in business along its line. Plagued from two sides - on t he one side by its cont ractor's labor troubl<.'s, which mnde the supply of cotd uncertain and costly. and on th<' other by tlic Government directors who desired the company to handle ih own con] production - the railroad found its position untenable. Thus, i11 :'llnrch of 1874, the rnilroacl took over its coal properties, creating a Coal Tkp,u·hurnt. and fo l' t he 1r11ui to head it, choosing D. 0. Clark, that stern h11111a 11111u('l1i11e who h ud been handling his duties as chief clerk so efficientlJ. C'l11 rb.. relievNl of his duties in Omaha, lost no time in setting out for \\' yom1 11g to supervise per::;onnlly the trnnsfeT of all mjn.ing properties into the hands of the rnilroad. T he only real difficulty he had in completing the tmnsfcr was with VVardcll's brother, Jack, wJ10 was operating the company store. Clark was unable to force him to turn the stoJ"e ovci: to the railroad, even t hough the Wardell stores in other coal camps had been turned over to the railroad without question. TH E CARBON FlRE DEPARTMENT OF 1887 Top row, from left to right: Cuthbert, Hastings, John Butler, Cap Hughes, Isaac Antes, Peter Travis, John (Deacon t Jones. John Gabott. Middle row: John Maxwell, James Watson, James Arthur. Bottom. row: Billy Jones, Robert Warberton, Duncan Carr, Joe Slze/fiel, George Benson, John Brown, John Mates, Wm. Powell, Bruno Stevens. The railroad position wus upheld in the courts when VVardell brought suit, und witl1 the ncquisition of the Carbon store, the rnihoad found itself in ·u ndisputed control of idl its mining properties and free to push ahead wit.h its plans for expansion. The need for this expansion by 1880 had become acute. The raib-ond company and the industries which were being established along its line needed coal and they needed it without delay. The compnnJ sent out crews to prospect and open new mines. This e}.-pansion caused n sharp 1·isc in the expenditure of t.hc Coal Department, but, d<>spite this increase. the price of coal t o consumers was reduced t wenty-three cents a ton. Referring to the price adjust,mt'nt in hi~ rcµort for 1880, thf' P resident of the railroad company said: �-14 HtSTQIIY Oli' UN ION PACIFIC COAL MJNES ''Reali:bing the fact that cheap fuel is an important clement in the development of mining and manufacturing interes ts, us well a s 1117riculturnl interests, in u. section of the country where wood is cxp:nsive, the company has adopted the policy of furni shing coal to consumers along the line of its roo.d at 11 small adYnnce over the cost of mining and transportation." 1\Iine No. Three, opened on the same seam a s No . One, had been ttbundoncd. Some years before the workers had moved to town from tht :.ite of abandoned Mine No. Four and the worked-out l\Iinc No. Ji'iYe. In 1890 Mine No. Six wns worked out and abundoned, leaving only :\'line No. Two, which hnd been opened in 1868 by John A. Creighton, of Omaha, nnd later tukcn over by ' '' nrdell. John A. Creighton laid the found a ti 011 of a grea_t fortun e in the carrying out of const r uction con t rn.ct:s, in clndi,1g the building of tclegruph lines for the RaiJ1·oud Compa ny , to Inter open the second mine n t Carbon. 1\.Ir. Creighton wns a very d cv,in t d 1t1 n' hu111 n,. leaving- n monument in Omaha in Creighton College, a ,h•-;nit in:-~itution !:!Stablished in 1879. This beneficence together with hi ii<'cond nwrnorial, S11int Joseph's Hospital, Omaha, won for him the Pap al tit le of Count. Crcighton had dug straight into the seam where it c ropped ou1 of the ground, going forward severnl hundred feet on thl' lcYel hdorc lie t urned to follow the nip of the coal. Mules hauled the coal cnr:-: 1q, the slopes, one at a time, nnd then two or three cars were hooked to§:cther a nd \1·c rc hsrnled out on the level entry. B egun at the same time ns 1Vardell' i" ~ o. One :\ line, No. Two mine proved to be the longest lived of ull the Cn rbon openings. At one time it was tempornrily abandoned! but in 1886 a sys tem of trncks was Jaid in the mine, a new surface plant was put in pln<'c. and the mim' continued producing heavily until 1890. At that time 1H~1r diffic1dties wc1·c encountered. Concerning these difficulties, Superintendent G. lV. Megen-th of the Coal Department, said in his report for the year 18!)]: "On o.ccount of crowding the output during the winter of 1890 and 18~)1, the working places for men were becoming wr_v scarce. The fl eld to the southwest of this mine hnving been pron)n nearly worthless in the face of the workings extending in thnt direction, nnd the field to the south hnxing also been found in the same condition, it became necessnr_v citl;er to find some good con] in t.he southeastC>rlv direction or to abandon the mine in the course of a ven1·. Durin;,. ,Julv n drill hole was put down nnd n vein seven fort ;tnd six incl~es tl~ick was found, and the life of the mine bv this find has been ex.tended about three years, the coal found being on a. dip necessitating putting in an engine to hoist the same inside the mine." No. Two 1\fine ('Ont inued to be the onh· mine in the town until 1899, when No. Se,·cn wns opened. The coal in N'o. Two.was _beginni~g to pln._v out and the coal in No. Seven was found to be of 111fer101· quality. In the same year that No. Seven Mine was opened, the railroad sm·veyors found OLD CARBON, THF. BEC INNlNG, TO DrS,\1'1'1::,\R IN 1902 45 u 11 easier grade for their main line tracks than the one passing through Carbon, the new line leading through Hanna. Previously the coal mined at Hanna ha<l been hauled on a spur track to Carbon. In this year the new line w1ts established a nd Ranna was placed on the main line and Carbon found itself on a spur. While with the old and heavy grade it had been necei;sury to keep a helper engine at Carbon to assist the regular engines to pull their trnins up Simpson Hill, no helper engine was needed at H annn. Knvwin <r that the days of Carbon we1·e numbered, the company offe red its C111bon miners 1votk in other oi the Company mines, and· many of the men accepted, moving their families to Hanna 1tnd Rock Springs. Qt.hers refused to believe that the Carbon field could be playing out, nnd made str enuous efforts to have the railroad's main line brought bacl, to t heir bdo\'rd ~own. Carbon's loyal sons could not realize that the same lit·t h• to,1r1 " -n~ nc[u·ing its last days. The company operated No. Seven )I inr until ii:, l'Oal became of suol1 poor quality that it would not maintain st eam in llll' loromoti\'c boilers. Prospecting had shown no other good mine locntion:,,. and the a rea Imel been prond to be full of bad faults, which made it expensive to mine even good coal. ··~ ?{o. Two Mine sunk by Creighton wns closed in 1900, and No. Seven; the lust mine. was closed two years later. Althotlgh Carbon had officially lil'l'Ol11C H ''ghos t town" with the closing of her last mine, several of the towo:<pcople clung to their homes nnd to their memories of the busy, boisterou:s days of the seventies and eighties. They decided to live on theix savings until the rnilrnad should come back. John MiJliken and his family sta vecl on after 1111 the others had deserted the town, but an occasional shc~plwrdcr or trnveler wn,s his only customer. At length even Milliken w, L~ p• r-unded that the town was finished, and he and his family moved to H a nna. Pcrhnps 'Milliken was 1·ight when he stayed on jn the silent streets of th1• empty to1rn. Perhaps in some cssentinl way the town wns not fini:shed ,1t all. Certainly its spirit lives today, enshrined with loyalty nnd aff<,> ction in the mcmoi-ies of all former Curbonites, a ughost town" that will nc,·er die. All that remained of the last landmurlc of Olrt Carbon in 1929-The Old Milliken Opera Ho1tse. ��------------~ 49 HtsTOltY o r U NION P ACIFI C C OAi, MtN ES R ocK S PHINGS. TJJ,\T CHEW INTO " GnEAT C1TY the foundation and some of the walls of thci~· homes. The first frame house 1 t d near the , iVardell mine was not bmlt ther e, but wns a structure 11~~~cd there from Point of Rocks by ,i\~il1iu.1~ Mellor in 1870. In that same •ear Joseph L. Young and John ,Jar vie built a. store and saloon building ~n the north side of the 1·ailro11d tracks. The first school was located on t he second floor of this building. The first t ea cher was M1·s. Osborn, who was succeeded in time by n 1\liss Holliday . . bercd that the mines est ablished the geological numbers of the be remem I No One Mine was sunk on the N o. 1 Scam, No. con! s~ains. For c(~aSmp c, t • Out of t his situation arose the present day e on No J cam. c c. b h d d S •ix_ M r Ul . . t· • •I . ·11, st r nn n<.rel Jv r a nge numerically ot up an own seam des1gmt 10ns, ,1 11c The first real schoolhouse, wh ich was 11 smnll, onc- rno1ti fram e building, wns built on t he lot ju t north \lf the p rci;cnt ,Ju nior H i g Ii Srhool building . The fi rst t eacher iII this building wa,, ~!rs. .r 1u ncs Tisdale. .A --. the u t tcndA view of No. One Mine Tipple at, Rock S prfogs nncc g re,I'. it 11•a s necwhen first constructed. essa ry to add another room and to employ unother teacher. l\Irs. :\for_y A. Clark, who later bceamc city librarian, took the position ns t he second teacher. Other teach ers in the early days of tl1c srhool were l\Ir. A. 0. Cl1u-k, Uiss H attie S mith. and Miss Emily Rankin. In order t o take care of the younger ehildrm a t No. Six Town, u small school building was erected at the corner of ""~l" Street nncl Pilot Butte Avenue, and n Mi.ss Nelmnn Treasure was the first teacher . ..With the increase in enrollment, -two more teachers were added, ':\Iiss Dixon uncl Mrs. l\Jar_v A. Paterson. i\1r. A. J. l\Iatthews was a ppointed Superintendent when the old rock school was completed, and he held this p ost for many years. 'l'hc first }1igh school class of six members was grnduatcd in 1896. At the same time a school building wus under construction at No. Four Town. About 1906 a smal1 building was erected on ,i\7cst Flat t o t11ke c1trc of the pupils in that part of town. 'l'he present Junior High School building was erected a lit tle later and served as the high school for several years. The buildings at the present time arc the VVashington, Roosevelt, Lowell 11nd Yellowstone grade schools, tl1e Junior High and the Senior High Schools. v\l111t a pity it is that more complete records of early day people and happenings arc not made; however, all pioneers find themselves so engrossed with their d11y by day struggles that tbe future historical value of current events is not, and perhaps never will be, anticipated. , ¥J1en reference is made to the development of mines by numbers, it should from the No . 1 Seam. . t ti 11- b)' W in-dell to serve as the mme office, 'Id' 'l' hc fi rst bu1 mg pu h I "d f -t fficc was o f stone Lrnd was s it uated on t c sout 1 s1 e o • store, and pos O t he tracks. The post office had been moved f r o rn Blairt own to this building. The building is still standinoand vet occupied. b ~ Extending west wa1·d from the ~ rardell building u row of three - r oom h_ouses was built. Some of t h e s e houses were s t r o n g enough to have served a s forts, t heir walls constructed of two - bv - fours laid one on top of another. Others h ad walls of twelve-inch boards standing on . -,·. ....,, end wit h strips cov" .. """_\1:,":~~1 . ..:.·.;. ~--, ering the cracks bet.:"'•ii ' "1,~ tween th e boards. ~,., ' Still others were built in Omaha, shipped to Rock Spring and . 1. assembled on the site. When in 1871 George . First Store Building in Rock Springs, still stand- L._ You n g opened mg on South Front Street. Mme No. Two, an. other group (If houses spran1,; \1P on the lu ll a short distance to the west of the first group around the ongmal W ardell buildinob' th The railroad stat ion '"11S yet at Blah-town - a boxcar set alongside e tlrd·abcks - but when_ the resident.s of Rock Spring thought the depot shou e at Rock Sprm t i1 1. il d • •t •d . g, e a ron moved 1t eastward on flat cars to ;r: ~s~e;•s;;l:~ecfe;;e~~ tl~c f1"ncsei:it freigh~ and passenger depots. This 1an·town mmers and their tent homes to Rock S .• . m ux o pung, until by 1875 the population was 1,000. Then the town grew �~ 50 HISTORY OF U NION PACIFI C C OAL MINES as Topsy grew- without direction. Houses were built where the fancy of the builder dictated, and, as n consequcnc_e, the street s follow ed in cer• portions a cl·a;r,v-quilt, 1.ig-zag pattem mst ead of a defi nite plan l .d t am • d • tl 1· a1 out by engineers. This is_cvidc_nccd t o ay 1_n 1c, pecu iar anangemcnt of the present business sect1011 of the north side of tl_1c town. The center of population nnd business followed t he crcekbed, bemg Jocated on what is now kn o w n ns "l\I" Street nnd on the connecting section of Nort h Front Stred. ·wit h no subdivisions la id out to cnrc for new building, buildings were p romiscuouslr built on wha t I a t c 1: becal11L' B ridger and Pilot Butte A venues and "K" Stred . Through tlw years Bitter Creek wiggled, Th e home of Jllr. and Mrs. Tl11,111as Croft, bui'.11 wormed, and squirmed of 1wti11e stone. with Mrs. Croft nt tlir gate and its shifting way through Charles Croft just outside. the heart of the ,·illnge, and though its sp1·ing floods bore resemblance to tlw t urbid Tiber , the early settler s, from dearth of money a nd runtcrial whcrc\\ ilh to build, dug into its sheltering bnnk!; as u p rotection against wintry blus h;, 111uviug out \\'hen forced to by spring and miclsummc1· floods. No prt}Yisio ns were made for sanitation, and all toilets were outside. I t wa,; not unt il H):2,1, that the city, with a populn.tio11 then of 8,000, was to l'('alizc that it enj oyed the doubtful notoriety of being the lnrgcst l:ity in tltc l ~11ik<l Stutc-s dernid of any system of sanitary sewerage. And it was not tmtil ,July, 1926, thnt the oft-recuning oYerflowing of Bitter Creek's turgid water s was to foil t o find homes located in its channel. R ock Springs' poet luurentc, the well-loved Dnvid G. Thomas. wrote 11£ Bitter Creek in the cnrl)~years : "Herc's Bitter Creek: an empty thi11g, Save wlwn the melting snow in spring R olls madly down the mountain's side And fi lls its channel dcl'p and wide. At times it nearly overflows W ith dirty w11te1:, ns it goes Beyond the home of Xonh , valters, ,vhe1·c it for a moment falters To proudly view ,Tock Noble's cn.stlc l3~_fore it t-turts to fight and wr estle " rth old bottles, cam;, and sundries Certnin men throw in on Sundays, RocK SrmNcs. THAT GREW I NTO A GREAT Cnv Mondays, Tuesdays a nd on a ll days. ''On it goes -- its filthy charges Dush ag ainst o]d U ncle George's H ouse on stilts, from which it dodges P ast t he :-table of Fmnk H odges, B_y W oll Di<"kson's humble dwelling; Chopping, grinding, booming, swelling, Curling, whirling, onward evc1· Till it flo ws i nto Green River. 0, Classic C'rcck ! rich in tradition Of t rngcdy and ~L1pct·stitio n; Youl' yei:tl'ly. n•d: lc1,s inundation l' ro\'iUl'" th,· 111,•:l110: of Sllnitation ; B esides. the I .ord knows ver y well \Y ltc•n you hrn, 1•111·t;l'd your self of smell , \ 11d l ) ll,cr rlii1114" I hid lll ll c h displease You've f'l'ccd l llt' 1111111 of foul discnse." 51 �52 H1sTonv o F U.-. 10N P,c11,•1c Co \l. :\IJNEs . CHEW [ NTO A GrtF:AT CITY Roers: SP1t1NCS. T 11 'r 53 Water for domestic use was hauled by Ed Clegg from the sulphur spring north of the town to the s torngc uu1·1·els t hut s tood uefore the houses nnd stores, for twenty-fiye cents u bnnel. Later the rnilroud huule<l water from Green Ri\'er und Point of Hocks in tank cars and di:.tributed it to the homes und s tores at the same cost. The rnili-oad used ri,·c1· water nt Green lli,·cr for its wate r supply lank there, so it was thoug ht worth while to run 11 water tmin daily to Rock !:ipri11gs. Jack S11y<lt•1· wa,, th1: conductor of the wnte r trnin at that tinll'. The water main from Cht•l'n Rive1· wns started in 1887 und completed in 1888 . Mining me thod:. we re Cl'Udc nut! p1·imitin•. Tlw coa l wa,, p ic~-111i11(•tl, shot with black powder, huuled uy mule:. through the mi11e :,ft1 p l' lo llit• outs ide, loadL-<I into wagons and ta ken l o the rnilroncl t nH·k. 1\:- ;.,0011 a ,freight sc1·vice ''' Il l> t•slublished. a spur was bu ilt to the 111i11,•,. Coal \\ a:, then h1tulcd from the mines to chutes built 1tlong lhe mil mad I rnd,, for coaling loc·0111otivei,.. ~ot until 1892 did "Old 'l'im1.•1· Charli,· S111i t h," lhc fit-st cledric mine locomotiYc c,·e1· built. mnke it,, appl·ar:11H·l·. Enc-11 mi ner curried nu oil la111p with II co tton wick nnd a n iron l•1111p pick lo Iii t up the wicking, ns part o f his p e1·;,on11I equipment. The la11111, ,.:;l\ t• lilllc h!{hl. but much ill-!,,melling smoke. Olcl time r, tell of wi tne-.,1ng the f,u 1lii--ttc flickering light of many oil c1~p l1~111p::., a,, lhc 111cn ' " :11·111t·d _ac.· 1·0.,, tlw s now-coYcrecl g 1·ound t o th<.• 1111nes 111 the curly hou r .. ol till "111te r cla y,. Since there were no !,,treet lamps in HoC"k Spring,, th, 1111•11 liacl to \\ l'H r their cap lamps to wol'k, in 01·dcr t. o fin ~ th~i1· Ila ,, ti n111~h lhc ,,treet-l. The.}' left home and rctun1ed thence 111 lhc11· p1l t.·loi hl,, These old country miners, mo,,t of them . fro~l 1 En~land. Scot!nn~l. \Vales and Ireland were u hardy lot, who g loncd 111 t heir cmftsmunsl11p nnd w~re proud of t'he tons of con! th: .Y c·oul~l dig in t~ dny ._ A_ccust.omcd lo hard work in their natiYe Jund, they did not forget tl11s lrnb1t 111 the lnncl of ·, a d op t 1'0 ,1• "In those days to admit that one could not the Ecoal ti•1e11 J ' shcnr ,, ti from either rib wns to confess oneself n mighty poor coa 1 1gger, ,c 111- O/rl officP building,,, Rock Springs. <'reeled in the late seventies ,l[a11 Trip u 11,•1i111:, \o. Orw .l/iue. Rock , 111i11;5 ,, i n 1898 ploycs' :\Iuga1.ine of ~luy, 1_9:l6, recalls. "The s traight :;horn rib_:;_~~ . th,~ upper entries of old No. 1 Mine stood for ycnrs n monument to th<.'11 !Skil!, Wage~ in Rock Springs in the nineties were low, $1.75 to $ 3.00 for wlute 111en, nnd ~1.35 lo $1 .i5 for lhc Chinese and J apanesc, for ten hou t·s' work. Tonnngc 1·11lc, wt n I, i -, d on ,crecned coa l, no p 1ty111cnt being made for the ,,.(nC'k. wliid1 11 i t-. 111 rgPly was tc>rl. A t one time ,., l' I.. l'onl, t hen used onl y a,, ballm, l for sid<- track s, cuught fire nea1· ilh p011 der 1111tga1.ine of No: One ;\line. There was a. large amount of black J>owder in kegs stored in the maga;,;ine. ,vhen the fire broke out lhc n•sidc11ts, lmving been wnrned, left immediately for the hills. Taking their li,·es in their hnnds, a number of miners entered the powder room, hauled the kegs outside, and rolled them down the hill. Their couruge and speed suved the mine and the sunounding homes from at least pnrtinl destruction. In man~• ways the town of Rock Springs grew up like a sturdy but neglcct~d. c:lnld. No on_e looked far enough ahead in the early da vs to sec the th,wmg 111~dern city t~at was to rise out of the early mini~g camp. •!ust as no _e~gmeer had la,d .out the plans for the streets and houses, no .Judg~ admm1stered the lnw 111 Rock Springs. The people became their o~vn Judge, as they had become their own engineer. Sweetwater County rden<l;d011from Colorado to Montana, with the county seat at South Pass ocdate top of the Continental Divide far to the north In South Pns~ nn other gold-m'n• th 1 · 1 ing camps, e on y means of communication with �H1s1'011v OF U N.JON P Ac1i:1c Co,\I. M1Ni,;s Rocr< Srn1Ncs. THAT Gru:w I NTO A Gn~:AT CTTY ~icr of his comin~, un<l some of h.is CXJH:riences, arc told Ly his daughter m_a pi~mphlct entitled "~rn,.ds of \'V yoming," puLlishcd in ,January, 1931, P 1 e~n1_ed for the V\~yo1111ng State Department of History. The follow in sto1 Y 1s recounted m the doctor's own words; g ''Th~ uftcrnoo~1 of the day _we renched Rock Sµ1·ings (Dr. Woodru~f was_ on lus way from lus te111po1·1u·y home in L11nd1, r to Greem_ River wit}~ u group of men), the_y brought in a minci· fi, 0111 ~>ne of t!1e coal m~11~s who had hurt his buck in nu accident 1tncl was m n serrnus ~011d1t10n. The nearest physician lived in Ruw]i 11 ~ and th~_v we·r c gomg to send for him when one of th~ boys in n, y i··1n·t v sa,d: • • • '' ' \Yhy don't you use our surgeon?' "'Brjng him over here, quick,' was the rep ly. 'lVe didn 't know you had u surgeon in your party.I "\VelJ, I fixed the man up - and let me t ell You he 11·n~ in bad shape when I r~ached him, but I made n. nent ,fob of it and that rn~de me feel mighty good. As a consequence, that nl'xt night the mmer s got t~gethcl' and held a meeting. ,-l 'he_y sent a committ<-'c t o tell me they liked my work and ,vould fix. me up l'io·ht if I would stn y there. I 1·eplied that I didn't intend to rcmuiu in tl1e \Vest only 1011 ;,. enough to recoYer from past 01·crwork, and the verr most I ·would do would be to sign a six months' contrnct, with the· undcrst:;inding that I probably wouldn't stay there after it expired. Well, sir, the upsl1ot was that they accepted my conditions. I went on to Green lliver, from thel'C back to Lan<l~r, and again to Rock Springs, where I started to work the first of X ovembcl', 1880. ) 1 v intention had bc1.:n to stit)' there six months. I remained ten vc:1trs as resident surgeon for the Union Pacific Railroad Cami>anv . . and it<. mmcrs. "In addition to my work ns surgeon for Hit' l ' nio n P ocjfic, I soon became rnedical exnminer for the Bankers Lifr Association. an insul'unce company of Des Moines, Iowa, and still luter was appointed medical exnminc1· for the .Koi-thwestcm Masonic Aid Association. In 1882 or 1883 I was elected superintendent of schools for Sweetwater County. At that time Sweetwater County e_xtcnded nearly n.cross the state - or rather territory-of "ryoming, and took in what is now Sweebrnte1· and Fremont Counties. The ,~ryoming Commissioners of Pharmacy was organized on Mny 10, 1886, with myself elected as fil'st chairman of the ol'ganizntion and Fred P. Shannon as secretary. In August, 1886, I took the examination aud became a registel'ed pharmacist. There arc still some of the prl'scriptio11 blanks of the Central Drug Store of Rock Springs - ,J. ·w. Gates, proprietor - in my old medical case. " As I mentioned before, the 11eurcsl physician lived in Rawlins. .H e 111nJe occasion1tl l'isits to Rock Springs to cal'C for the sick ,rnd was cullc<l l<> u ttcnd the more serious cases, there being no doctor there before I came. \Vhen this gentlem1111 heard the miners, in ctmjunctio11 with the companies, hU;d hired me, he came rigH to town, hunted lll L' up and sta rted to misc hell. H e said .I wns poadiin rr on hi s ~l•rri~o r r, 1t11d I'd ha1·e to get out or he'd have me nm fJl~ - 'l'hu t oinde md p retty mad. I told him I didn't consider it consistent wit h professional ethics fol' one doctor to trc1tt another as he was doing, thut this wn.~ virgin territo1·y open to all comers, that it wus not my intention to make this my home pcl'muncntly, but that 11 0 man tould run me o ut uf t()wn, un<l ns long as I Wll.-S there I intended to '111:tkc good.' So t he doctor went out, hunted up some of Iii:" l'ri~Hds n111ong t he 1\Iolly :Maguires and uskcd them to help him ru11 ·tlml l'cnde1·foot doct or out of town.' As a consequence, for sonic li ttle time I wa_s the object of threats nnd attempted jntimidations by the group whose aid the doctor had en · listed. F ur i1i-..t11nrc, mw morning I was forced to use m_v gun to chuse two big, IJ1·u11·11y Scotchmen, brothers, out of my office. .Another time 1.1 rnw of ':\Iollys' were sitting on an embankment just ncro,;s the ,fr1·et (ro1 11 tlw front door of my office. A new n1lc or h1w hatl r l'ccnLly gone inl'o dfott mu.king it. impossible to get any whiskey during ccrl'ain hours without a prescription. rrhese men began betti11g they could get one from me, and finally one of their m1111bcr wn:,; told to 'Go get a prcscriptio11 ft-0111 that tenderfoot doctor.' HJ was ready for tl1c fellow with my gun ni; soon ns hewn lkccl iutu Ht(' oflkL· nntl opened his heaJ. I made him back up to the wall ;tncl :sit do1111 011 the floor 1tgni11st the buscbonr<l-nnd I'kcpt him there t'o l' a couple of hours, witl1 the men on the e1n.bnnkment outside patiently awaiting the out.come, ns though it were u sporting event. When I finall y let t he fellow go, told him to clear out, his t'ompauions jeered and ridiculed him plenty. They kept it up, too, so l10t and heavy thn.t before they got through he hnd to lenve town. Ami still another time n man cnmc in demnnding his money because Ill' had 11ot uecded my seJ·viccs. I l'cfusccl to give it to him. H e said: "'That's all l'ight, Doc. I see you going out of here at nll hours of the night und I'm going to lny for _you bchin<l some of the;.;e piles and some dark night I'll get you.' "The! rnilroad rnn l'ight thl'ough the nrnin sti-cet of town nnd they alwn.ys had 11 grcntmuny tics nnd one thing or nnothcr stacked uround. ""\<Vcll, sir,' I replied, 'now I'll just tell you what I'll do. 'When I go out I'll have rnJ medicine ense in my left lurnd nnd in the right pocket of 111)' overcoat I'll have a mi,g bty fine littl1• g-un. 57 �58 H1sTonv oF UNION PACIFIC CoAr, MINES • J1t J1 -- 11d will be on it all the time. If you're going to lay 1d 1u my you'll rig " • · k• for me )111 ,·c to luy mighty quiet or cIsc bc damned qu1c nbout it or I'll wjng you.' "Finally the group of Molly i\Iuguires who were ~1·ying to 111 nke things uncomfortable for me left me alone. They said: "'Aw, you can't bluff that ten~cr~oot out of tow~. O~ ~ou1:se, you cull kill hirn, but you can't blutl lum out, und besHle;, it ;, kind •of liundr to Iinve a "doc" n1oun • d'." HocK Sl'lt t •cs. 'f1rAT GnEw INTO A G1n:AT C tTY 59 ·t , vyoming and Wnshingto;1, D . C., few." Senator C. D . Clar~, of Evans, ~n'omin Co;! and Mining Company, t an Old Timeri;' ba.nquct, I • self u forn1cr officer in the old . y . 11111 .b. desert ing tl1e R ock Springs of tlus peno n 3 observed: . . . ttructiYe little town set down in w~mt "This, then, "as the un~ t. of unsavory reputation, wn. pra ctically ll. d esert b~s~c~\ ;:1:e~~a: man or beas t . One would whose 11'!1 tcr" fu nush<'d no I e I e. There :tre few of this generation who know much ubou t Hu:- onctinic• much fctll'l'cl ''.:\Iollv ~Iuguircs." This society, sec ret in d1nrnl·l t•1·. w,t-, oraunized in lfdan<l° in 18f3 to intimidnte bail iff;; and prot·c;,:.. "l'l"\' l' J'-, t•n;,tged in l'ollccting land rents from the pea~n'.1try._A ~imilar :.11cidr u11d~1 tl1e :.u111c name was organized in the coal 111111mg <l1:.ti-acb;. of Pl·11n,,:yh 1~1110 in 187i. The Amcrjcan society, in no wny related to the Irish o rgn111zaho11. wns highly crjminal in charu.~ter, its object t_hat of keeping ollw r fun•ig11 born labor out of the coal mines. After a penod of murde1· and II n,011 . till' lender:. were arrested, tried and executed, ending this !awl,•, -. urgunizntion. It is more than probable that the few me111bers loca ll cl in Hock Springs t'ame from P ennsylvania, a s there is no record of lod_!.!c organization in Wyoming. Cp to the middle of the se,·entil'S, before the Chinese <'llllll' lo Hock Sp1·ings in an_y great numbc1·s, the men mnde goo~I wngt•i- and m•rc ;,11111~·whnt independent, as told by the few men now nll\·e who lht•n worked 111 tlw mines. O11e of these old timers pictu re:. the ,..j tu11tio11 in Llti ... 1111111n<'r: '"l'hc miners ,1·e1·e getting sc,·en cenb. n bui-hd for <'onl and their work was stendy. So they became prl'tty ind1•1wnd ent. O,w of our fornrite stunts, when we wanted to go out of the mine ancl piny around n little, was for one of the lll{'ll to be d10s1.•n h., tht· others to throw his cup in the air. If it stayed up, then ,1 c stayed on the job. 'l'hc bosses l·ouldn't do much about it. 'rill' lilll·-u p of bosses t hen was about the same as it is now. There woultl be till' g1.•ncral manager, under him would be n superintenden t, and under him would be an inside und outside boss for each mine and bosses of the blnch111ith shop, the stables, the mcchnnicnl dcpn1·tml'nt, nnd -othcrs. I was a driver in ~o. Three. There were no motors in the mines then. There were a few horses, but most of the hauling was done by mules. After the coal company was formed, the stock was impro,·ed considerably. There were many mules worth $200.00 a head. The <lrin!rs got $2.25 to $2.50 n day for ten and twt:lvehour days." The first bank was organfaed iu R ock Springs in 1887 by :Mr. Augusline Kcn<lnll, representutive of u group of Laramie bankers. An older man in the Laramie bunk had been giYen the oppor tunity to open the R ock Spring~ hank but, after looking OYer the town, he turned down the offer with the com111ent that "Chinamen arc too numerous nnd white men too No. 8 Mine, Rock Springs, and some of the men who worked in it thirty-two rears ago when lliis picture u·as taken. The men are, standing: George Harris (now Deputy Sherif/), James H. Jones (deceased), Geo. Fitchett, Jack Jones, Joe lredalr (1927 President Old Timers Association). Bill Brown, Mark Leasson (,leceased), Chris ]oltnson (Cumberland ), Sleve Peanuts, Tont Sulton. Sitting: I. E. _Lee, Jim Iredale (deceased), Jolin Cltokie, Sandy Fletcher, Tommy Twardoski, George Boyer, Johnny Knapp, Erk Wade, Jolin Garrison and Marinus Hansen (deceased). ��62 Hoc~ 51'1t1Ncs. Tu \T G1n;w INTO A GnEAT C1n HisToRY or UNION PACIF"tC Co.u. l\l1N1::s t me to make o. record. A showing of profits could only cot1te ~~ k:ping down expenses. so I )1nndlcd all banking duties, book- keeping, etc., then cleaned _the windows, swept the_ floors, and polished up the handle of the big fron_t door. T he showing at the end of the first year was sufficiently satisfactory to warrnnt the conversion of the bank into a Nntionnl Bnnk under the name of the 'First Nntionn1 Bank of Rock Springs'." Frank Pfeiffer, bookkeeper for Tim Kinney and Company, came to the bank as assistant cushier. In later years this bnnk licc11nw the Pir:,t Securitr Bank, being by thnt time locntcd in new and hl•ttt'r <1uartcrs. The original butcher sl10p became successively the "~ayy , n.loon'' and the site of the Yellowstone Hotel The Rock Springs X11tion11 I Ilank \\ll!> organized in 1892, nnd the North Side State Bunk in 191 :2. D. :\1. Thayer, the town's first undertaker, cnmc to H ol'k : p ring,, in the Inte seventies. Up to this time burials had been of th<.' mo:. t p rimitive kind. At one time the miners had had to ransack the town to fi nd " a woman who could pray" to assist in the burial service. Tha)'Cr took ove r 111 a competent way and soon became an integrnl part of the town . H e :nnde the coffins when occasion demanded and used the Beckwith-Quinn s tore wagon as a hears~. Later h_e was conn~cted with The .tTnion Pacific oal <'ompnny as a clerk m the mam office. Hts greatest scrnce to the town was not however, a business sen-ice, but a social one. Assisted by hi:; wife, Thn re;. took a_ leading ~art in _the life of Rock Springs until his dcnth. Tlw couple's gift for neighborliness made them sought by nil persons in ;;icknci;;, and berenYement. Together, the.~· organized Sunday Sdtoob nnd I aught the ;lasses. Mrs. Thayer, cspccially, was acti,·e in the t own. Said David G. rhomns on the occasion of ::\frs. Thayer's death: "_The house was the shrine where the young girls of that dav wor~h1pped,_and :Mrs. Thayer was the magnet thnt attracted an~I retnmed their love and affection- yes, nnd to the end of her life." ~Iuch has been said about the deep, gentle kindliness of the womtin but l\Ir. Thomas summed it nil up when he wrote "She was J. ust natu1'.o.llv , • good•" l\I1•s. Tbayer 1•t ."'11~ wh o tn_ught mnn.v of' the Rock Spl'ings matrons of toda_y to speak then· httle "pieces" in the school and Sundn v School e~tert~mments, when they were still in long black cotton stock.ings and ~ort ; 0 cks. As_ they g rew older, she ol'ganized them into o. "Young oman 5 _1\fo_rch~ng _Club," a club which by dint of strenuous effort bectlam~ ta~ ms tt tutton m the town. The young lo.dies were so proficient in 1e m r1cate 6gures of the d ·11 tl t t.h • • xh'b't' f ri s la ey were often called upon to give e. 1 i ions or benefits and other charitable enterprises. Socio.I life in the • swnd dlmg • . town was•, I10,re,·er, s t'll 1 m clothes. B oy S cou t an d Camp Fire Girl t1· • t · . oop:.. were ye to come and the ch1ld1·en of th e t own relied on the c) I d ti I • ' . I . d iurc an 1e sc 1001 to give them their onlv orgo.n1ze amusements For the 0Id h .. • • h. h er persons t ere were two dancing floors, where ti rt 1 IC e e, w ic included all who knew how to dance, gather ed. One . bovc the "Fountain," the other above the South PMs saloon on the wn:.tla .1·de 'fhe1·c a "cnller" would shout out the figures fol' the old fashnor i s • I h • . •d square dunces, and t 1cre too t c mmel's waltzed and did the polka ion; the schottische. More informal gatherings took pince at the miners' when George Fitchett would sing "Better Than Gold," "Do Leave ~fmcHarry" and "Coppers ,viii Turn to Silver," or Davy Thomas and • . ~' horb, would keep u crowd till lnte at night shouting for more, fol'us co the mine whistle . • Igetting t llllt was to blow so soon •m t he mornmg. ;i° . Following the Chinese Riot nnd ) lassacre of 1885, under an after agreement requested by the Chine~e Gove!'nment, a company of United Stutes soldiers was s tntion ed at the Rock Springs barrncks, built to house the soldiers. Society was enlivened by the officers nnd theil' families, who en· tered eagerly into the smnll life of the town. A club Ol' mcsshouse, which was in chnrge of a colored mun and his wife, soon drew unmar· r ied business men, coo.I clepnl'tmeut officials, and officers from the Post togcthel'. The club wits well l'<.'.!!Ulntcd, having the usuo.1 stn~ of officet·s Md dil'ectors, including an l\ctive ste~rnrd. Each_ member took his turn ns . C d I steward for one month, mo.kMajor A. C. Griffiths, Crenadt~r ue' :;na, . g purchases of food, and nnd later Drum Major, Rock Spr1ngs <m • ecking and okaying all 1 :i . A ust ICendall recalled: bills. Describing the steward sI11p, ug . I to fill ns tastes differed, o.n~ too "It wasn't the easiest P nee . a c ~r hamburger with omons, frequently corned beef and cabb g . fon 1 Dr Stevenson, Post bl'Ought howls from those with poor di~r n~d w~s called upon to doctor, was accredited as the bes~ provi er y a congenial one, nod do double duty. " 1 e lived well, •t e compnnb • d our 011\C· l,, wit wisdom and "·ickedncss en1ivene , took the pince of the club. The1:e For the mnnied men, the snloo~s dt "Uncle George" H arris were saloons of almost every nntionnhty 11 \ ypef Leadville and the "wild 0 patterned his so.loon and dance hall afte1• t ose �61 fl1sT011 Y or UN10N P ,c1F1c Co.,L i\llN~:s west" mining cnmps. A Finnish saloon wns run by Jacob. Santalu. nod R ock Springs WllS to remember the name of the snl?o~ n~d 1b, J)l'oprieto .. long nfter it for.,.ot the other bunooms. A trng1c lllc1dent struck the 0 m<'morY cleep into tlll' miners' minds. On July 17, 1891, nntnln and ,Jacob Hilli. ~ Finn li,·ing nt AJmy~ met in ~nntnln's so.loo~ _to tt~lk e>Vt•r the fll'oposition that they ,;houlcl go 111to bus111ess together. 1 hey mter:-persed theil' c·o,n•ersntion with frequent sips from S~ntidu'., wares, the :-ips growing more frequent us the talk progressed, until_ nt length they forgot nil about the proposition the,v wished to settle nnd 111 11 pleu:.ant glow turned their thoughts to self congratulntion. As en<:h mun praised pl'Ofu:-cly hi:. 011,11 talents in mrious fields, the con,·cr:mtion swung to the topic of pi-.to) shooting. 1111d hecmnc nn argument us to whic·h man wns the lwUt'r pistol shot. D ec·icling to settle the question, they fonded Snntnla's pi,tol. hitc·hecl up his hot'se 1111d buggy, nnd stnl'ted with gl'l'nt solr111nity for I lu <·111,ntrv to /ind a suitable tnrg<'t. In ord<'r to 11111ke the occ111,ion l'l' ally worth whil~ they took with them n keg of beer 11nd two fla sk,, of whii,kc., hut 1,1' thl'. time they al'rin•d nt No. Six T own they cliscovereci they had rwglN·f·<•d to bring uny drinking utensil with them fro111 which to qunfl' th<•il' beer. Sunhiln pulled up befot'e the home of Uichnnl Johnson 1111d 11"kt·cl t o bol'rnw II glnss. Hoc K P1u;-.c s. 1'11 \T G1u:w I NTO \ G11E.\T CITY brother of O'~cun. ugc 9: D onuld Dwain Cooper. age 8; nnd Da\'i<l Frnnk- 1'111 Chnrnbcrlutn , age 7. '!'he five: littl0 fellows, C'tl l'rying a .22-calibcr rifle, studcd out after lunch hour o:-tcn:-ihl): to hunt rnbbits. A young Chinese boy, ,John Jew, wn& with tlw party, ll'1l1'111g thc111. lwwevc1·, before 1 :15 p. m., when the ncci1•nt oc·c·urrecl. It ,cent:. thut the boys nm across n box resting among c. \nc ,rrca,-('11•ood hushes, firing into the box at very close rnnge, the con;~nts ~1nquc,tionnbl_v n . high explosive wl)ich exploded with such force t i nt tlw thilclrc11 11 cr e ltter1,lly blown to piece:... The scene of the last cxp;osion ,1·1h but a few yard:, from t he locntion of t he powder house thnt ... - "n'hnt lll'l~ you fellows doing with thn t pistol?'' .roh11i-on 11 ,krd "Oh, ,·e going to shoot," Jncob told hi111. Suntaln eu r efullv cli111bed ba~k into t l1_e buggy 1111d droYe off in the direction of the p oll'dc,· house, which co11t1111~cd ~ .21:J_ keg~ of blnck powdc•r and 550 pound, of giunt powdcl'. Ilcnr111~ 111 111111d l11s dett'rmi1111 tion to Jll'O\'C: him sci f the bettel' shot. Snntnfo tncd n :.hot nt the powdl'I' houst• door but mi:--.c•cl. Seeking a!1o~hc1· nnglr of a ttut.'k. he dro,·t· n 1·01rnd I lw powde l' house nnd ~topped ~ntl11n tweln~ feet of it. He tried 1111otlll'I' :-hot. ancl ihi:. t ime he did not miss. Almost at once thcrr wa..; ldt hut n giant l'l'ntcr where: ~he powder house had formerly stood. The mil l'oad truC'h tl111 t ran bc ·idc it W<'rc torn and twisted. Xcurby boxcnl's and Robert Gib,on',; :-table nnd henhouse we_re destroyed nncl his hmnt• w11s \\Tt>cked. :\Ir. 11 ncl }frs. H er bed Crofts had .Just l)loYed into II newly completed home. Tlw house and furnitul'~ were ~emolishcd. The homt•s of the Johnson's. T,t•wis's " ' niters', In111c'i; • ·' s, · a 11 o f . "·I10111 1·1,·cd n<.'n rby. wel'e' dumngcd. ., . nncl G o:ss .. , C'l11lto11'" . :\Ii s. Jol:u~on _recc1Ycd ll sca~p luc<.'rnhon, nnd the eighteen montlt old Chilton bub.' 1 cceiYcd n <'llt on 1t,; ncc·k. ::\Iany other persons were in or near th~ ~nmngccl houst•s, but no one else wns hurt. Pol'tions of S1tntnla and Htllt Wt•rc.- gathered from Ill> for 1mny 11s three hund1·ed Ynrds, nnd parts of the horsl• wc1·t• blown one hundred nnd scYcnt_y-fi\'c .va1:ds. . 'l'he l'\'~nt of ,July 11, 1891, wns repl'Oduced in nn even more trngic ~tcctdc•nt wluc·h occ·urn•d forty-eight yenrs lntcr, in which the li,·es of five 111 mrnhii·r boys ll'l'l'l• "nuffl'cl out in ll frnc-tion or a sC<·ond on Su nday nfter110 11 ~ • Octoher 2!J. rn:m, the ffrc young bo,·s, lllCl't• d1ilclren. l Vnlter V11lent111c Hern•ra t •, •·trr r-,e• I·>• -, O'D t•nn G r1tnt, age• 11; Lawrence Gordon Grun, • Off'ice at Rock Springs in the Eighties Tire Coal Dqartmenl ii, 1we . fi • 1891 F . tragedies in the history of Rock wns _exploded· by pistol re 111 • c,~ \'hich the fi"c little fellows were Springs caused more sorrow than th at tr1 'd. d' ·t .- ·t mourned with the destroyed 1tnd the whole city nnd surroun rng is uc ber<'n,·~d fnmilie:. of the five children. cl t ti c nploycs of The Pnion 0 Another grcnt trngcdy which occ~trre_ . ~\ 'ur little Girl Scouts in Pacific Coul Company wns the loss b.v l'O\\ nmg O ·v ~.• k• I ,uk·e, ,v~on11ng, ; • carh 192tl8 • •. ages were: .H•11• L•or • in August, 'ti t The nnmes of the girls who wci·e )oS ' wi I lCII ' Mnrgnn•t :\I in ton Cnrd, ngc clev~n, i\Iinnic H ose Fomcngo, nge th ,rtcrn, H enn Angeli, nge clc\'CD, . R eta Snrnh Tolton, ugc mne. ° �66 lllSTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES The bitter sorrow occasioned b)• this most unfortunate nccident w softened by the courngeous way in. which the f ~the1·s and mo!hers m~~ their nppnlling loss a s well ns the_ fine couruge d1spl_ayed by :\[is:; Aileen ~IcQuecn, of Laramie, :i\Iiss ,Joscp_hme R ~ssell of Shendnn, tt.nd 1\1 r. Joseph lVebb, of l\7nshington, D. C:, trnmcd s,nm~1ers who saved four out of the eight girls that went down with the boat wl11cl1 foundered . • ••• "" ' •• . , ~-= :- - : ~ :..; .:. -: - .. • : - C" - ~ ~ : •• $ ~ ! ·-:- ~ ~ \Q •• e.' ', Writin"' of the denth of these lovely children, ::\ Iiss ,Jt•-;sc .:\lcDit~;:.;;id Editor of The Employes' nlngnzine said: ' RocK Srn1NCS, TH AT GnEw INTO \ GREAT CiTY 67 . 1 1'l unnge r of the Coal Department. The fire ~tntion WM housed then Gcuein_. " )\· •• trcets in a shed ten feet square. ilemhers of the 11rottp ,um • "' ·rth I at F bo,•c D t tii"'...S Dntg Store on South Front Street, where the Ycllown1cl n t l now stnnds. The fire alarm was sounded by the whistle of No. stone Ho e "Ench one of these gone were so needed, wen: :.o lo"cd i11 lrn11it•.., and by parents - nnd b_v us who were thei r trnop 111atl'l,. And d r at Ii hnd come, a \I'll}' from their homes and mo titers. And \I l ' 11 i:n • t hl'rl· and <'ould not Sil ,·e them. The saddest, saddes t day " l' ,., e r k ru•w. llut mothers arc brnvc while they suffer and these four 11 , re IO\·d ,·." Returning to the old days, "The Cl,ll'k H oi,e Co111pa 11y •• Ho(·k Springs' fii-st group of volunteer firemen, hnd been orgnni1t•cl nln10,t n yrar. J oc Englewood, now a resident of Poeutcllo, Idaho. 11 a:- th, ehicf of the group of twenty-four men. Their equipment t'On:-i),tc·d o f II lianddmwn hose reel nnd fiye hundred feet of hose, donated by )Ir D . 0. ( ' lurk, RE RocK SPRtNcs FIRE DEPARTllENT . f' der.arlment, f the Rock Springs ire ,. The top picture shows the members H d' g Paul Emerick, Jack M~t• taken in 1907. Left 10 right, they ar~: Bert AarS;;,uler, Ed Oliver, Billy Muir. tl,ews, Bob Watts, Dan D. Poller (C/uef ), F. • So~tE OLo T1M E MEMBERS OFT O ~/embers. of Rock Springs l1 olunteer Fire Departnu:nL in 1891. with tlieir ~henshed egu1pm~rzl. a chemical engir!e and a /our-wheeled /iose carriage. Readmg from left lo right, they are Charlie Warren now with the McCurtain Motor Co.; Cliris Jolinson. former Alaster Mechanic ~t Cumberland; Eric Sweetland, Jesse James, '?Ito used to be blacksmith at No. 1 illine (deceased}; Jim Ross (dece~sed); hni lflard. brother of Sam Ward, merchant, Rock Springs; Chris Bunning, former Mayor of Rock Springs; Tony Miclwelson; Tommy Powers (deceased); ~els l/~(1sen; John Forndran, 1d10 was Chief, Rock Springs Fire Department; I eler Eimer (deceased); Joseph Iredale. And mounted on the equipment. are: Eric Sweedene, William Iredale and • Bill Fomdru11, and Frank Cousins. he City Hall, and shows . ho were as • 1906 in front of l k Tlte lower picture was ta en zn d artment at that 11me, w t County the apparatus and the members of tl(,Ch .el) Mike Da11kowslci (pfreseTI k) Dr. follows: left lo riglil: Dan D. Pouer l~l: Chipp (on steps 0 . 'otson' and Sheriff), Frank Rogan (Undert,aker), In Musgrove, M~rlln._ back left D~vis (dentist). On far side of true : Ce~rge fflise. sta11dwg Ill ' drivers Sam Ramsa')' and John Forll(/ran. of driver's seat. f' J �HISTORY or UNION PACIFIC Co \l. l\rJNEs 68 Hoo, . l'IHNGS, Tlli\T CnEw JNTo , GREAT C1Tv 69 • , iid 110 t the )enst of the difficulties of the firc111c n \l'a:,; to lo"at. 0 ne ;,11111c, a • I t ti 1· 1•· " c the fire. In 18!):.'. when ~o. Four ~l~nc cat~g 1 re, 01·111cr • ire Chief .J. K Forndrun rcc·alls, the men could fwd nt·tthcr blaze n_or :-.111o_kc .. They returned to their homes, only to be called buck to the n1111e:., th1:-. t 11nc t·cnlly • finding the fire, rescuing thirty mules by block and tnckle. A truly western method of tnking fire hose to the ncarcst h_rdrnnt was in YO"~e nt this time. A m1111 011 horseb11c·k would t ie the l'lld of the hose to hi: :-addle horn and dig his spurs <lccp into his horM•s flank:- while someone adjusted the reel. The h~sc w_ould arri,·c nt the_ tit·c fir,t. \\'itii the ndvent of the bicycle crnr.c, with e1~hken hund~·cd ~>H·y~·fl•,, _l'l'clalin~ scdnteh· about the st reets of Rock Spnngs, the enhrc firl• tight 111g f'ot·ce clescl'ted the hor:.c for the wheel, nnd took to lhl· high. 11;11 r1111 ,.1clrllt• of the bic..·_rc-lt•. The Cliu·k Hose Company wns suN·c•c·cft.tl in li111,· hy "The \\'. K. I .ct• Yoluntccr Fire Company," who chose J. E. l•'o n 11lrnn fn r their chief. I ) In a F ebruary of the earl_y nineties, the minutcl- of th, firl' t·ompnny record this typicnl notntion, instructing "c,·cry fireman p r, ,enl lo go t~ the Opera House tonight and help dccornte the hnll for Ilic cl 111cc 1111 "'n~h!ngton's Birthday." "Dig fires" nnd the nights and dny::- ul big lire,., li\'e 111 the memory of those men who fought them. In 189,i tlw l•:d u,11· Opl'l'fl House burned and in 189i the Wyoming Gcmcrnl H o,,pitnl 1,ur~ul to the ground. All of the patients 1re1·e rescued and rcmo,·ed to the C i t y Hnll. )Icmlil•rship in tl{e \'Oluntecr fire corps was no light re,,ponsibilit_r: it meant d11nger, colt!, 1111<1 discomfort lo the 1m•n who belonged. Once the compnn_r was tnllcd to rescue n fnmi)y marooned bv tl1wcl • in a home in .Bitter C'r<'ck ehnnnel, and onl·e the - - - -- .:..... .._ men hncl to leu,·c n banquet in their best clothes T 11E OR1c1x.~L RocK SPRINGS c.~u:oo~uN CLua to 1rnswcr the u1·ge.nt From left lo right: TT'illiam Young. a brother of summons of the min c whistl<'. Fomclrnn giws loh11 B. l'oung; Alex (Sandy) Spence: Robert us the ston- of the Lurn- (Bob) Smith: Dadd Muir; Alex tSanrlr) 8Pt·erqnet fire: • idge: Jol,11 B. I ]olwnie) Young. "It • was 111 1900. The firemen were sc1·1-inn- u banquet in their own hall o,·er the npparntus 1·oom nnd the banquet \\'llS almost l'Mdy wht•n tltl' fire alarm sounded.' "'c were in our dress clothes Interior o/ nt,/ / 1 ,•r Plant at Rock Springs. Paul Paulson, reading at desk, Joe ,lJ,,, ll,,Hick ( ,·reased) standing. . 111 , .... o. One •slope• \Ve worked for. two hourst before 1c1 the h•n . ,,a-. I awt ot the: tin, • u tt Ic t. con t1· o I' but when we dtd we wen d iome, . d e g I ,ui· t·lollw-. found our wives nnd ,;weethearts, nn sta,te Clmngcc I ' . " the party nll O\' l r uga111. . Four yc1tr~ litter Lile fi re o1·gunirntion was changed from a voluntee1 •- • ·t b ' Stearns-Roger View of extension to power ho_use at Rock Springs. Bm t ) .llanu/acturing Company, Denver, Ill 1936. �70 HI STORY OF UNION P AC IF IC COAT. MINF.S H ocK Srn1Ncs. TRAT GnF.w I NTO A GREAT CJTv 71 of Roc k Spt·ings, g ro"P t o a pn.1·tly ptti"d one' n11cl wn.s named ·1 "The dCity c . • "' Dcpn I·tmen t" on Pilot Fll'e • I n 1923 the c.ity • b u1 · It n secon · t111·c Istnbon d of $12 000, wit I cqu1pmc11 va uc at $20 Cost t Butte A\"cnnc a a ' ' I· ' 000· Chief F orndran was for years driven a bout to fires by 11s young daughter, )lary. Old /J11 um !'f11n / building al Rock Springs; photograph taken in 1901 , 0 nccounl of R otk prings in the curl_)' days is complet: without mcnt i1111 of ti, ,p1rit of the town and of thc_mme officers and bu~1~ess _1~1•c ·1~ who fn., tt'rcrl tlrnt -.pil'il. ~lnny of the bus iness men began t hen c1uc~1,, cl j,,., 111" coal in 1tltl S o. Om• ~l ine. I n this pioneer company wer e such _men iiidcfuti~r,abll· ~layor 1'. C. B unning, who turned the cou ..sc of Ditter 11 ...°iJw A N EARLY LOCAL BAND l'hotograpl, of the first Union Band at Rock Springs. .l/osl of the players appearing therein ll'ere members of the Union, and many of them were em• ployed ill Compan,• mines at Rock Springs. The picture. from, best information obtainable, was taken in 1907, in front of the United States Post Office al Rock Springs, on North Front Street, locatio11 of the present Smoke House. Mr. Dutton. Director, in front. with cornet. Front roll': 1. Ettore Allais; 4, Alex Thaler; 5, Chas. Spence, Sr.; 6. Jo!tn Oblock. Seco11tl Row: 1, Anton Justin; 2, Urban Toucher ; 3, Wm. Powell ; 4, James Duncan. , Third row: l. Wright Tr' alker ; 2! William Symes; 3. Jim Symes; 5, Arthur TT alters; 6, Dau Adams; 7, Abe Jones; 9, Bob Symes; ll, George Peterson. Back row: J. Chas. Spence, Jr.; 2. John Highley; 4, Ed. Anesi; 7, Joe Shuster. (1'/iose not identified are unknown.) View of 5000 K. W. Turbo-Generator in Rock Springs Power Plant �73 J-lisTonv oF UNtOi\' PACIFIC CoAL ~hNES Roct< SrmNCS, Tn,,T Gnr-:w I NTO A GnEAT C 1Tv Creek nnd brought :;anitation and order to R Ol:k Springs; John W. Hay, . :d t f the l"irst ~ationnl Bunk ; J . H• .' oung. of the ,J. ll. Yo\lng P 1 CSI en O I • •k f t) H k S • !\forcuntilc Company; Frn.nk I(e_rs 11s1l11 .' ,~, k IC f p prtgH •s ( 'ommerciul Comvan)·; John Hcrtngnolh; ~om u1.. , o 1c 111.. old; Gus Sturhohu, of the lt'iunish Co1mner~wl Corn~any, and a host of o_thcrs. There were some, too, who were neither business men_ nor offi~cn; 10 tlw Coal Company, but only Joyal cmploycs nnd_ workers_ 111 the- nrn~l'S. 'l'herr was ,follll'S ~foon, who was to become the_ fi~·st pres1de11t of 1 he lJnion J>ncific Coal Com puny Old Timers' AssOl'llllion . And. then: wcr~ ollicrs. like •·Geordie" Young, who arc rcmembcrccl not for their uccompli,.,hml'nb, but for their loyalty and good humor. '_'Geordie," n_ ~::ic-ot who l"llllle to R ock Springs when the railroad was. still twc~t?' mil<'-. a\\ ay. from the town, hns become tt purt of Hock Spr111g:. trnd1t1011. and old l1111t·r:-. loYc to tell stories of his canny sayings and hi:; shrewdnc::,:., A f1\\ c>nle ..(;<•ordic" unecclotc is the talc of "Geordie" trnd the sewing machine n~•·n t. Thl agent. • 11111c11111, • 111 • Iind n predatory snlcsmun, had soId "Gcol'c1·1c' ~" w1•fc a ~cwmg condition, on the installment plun. After the payment of l!u- finul 111~tnllment, the uooent, loath to lose so good a source of rcvcnuL , nllccl 1111 ~lrs. Young to i~spcct the mnchinc, n11d in the cou1--c of hi-, 111-,pt•ction , manaacd to tnke it apnrt. Kneeling on the floor, parts of th1: ~, ,, ing 111nchinc st';·ewn nil ubout him, the agent explnincd glibly that 1t 11otild l'O:-t ut least ten dollars lo rcusscmblc them. '·Geordie," who hnd bn 11 --itt111g quil'tly by, tnking in the scene, but h:nYing thi!. domcstit situnl 10 11 to lhc mnno.geml'nt of his wife, now de11lt him:.elf n hund nncl 1110,·cd 111 on I he gnmc. Going to his bureau drnwer he took out n Colt forty-fin• and. l'ctu rning to his chair, pointed it nt the agent, sn_ying. '·Now, Ind, ye !ind bdtcr get busy und put the old machine together~ ::,kp vrctty lin•ly. and I wnnt to tell ye tlrnt it is not going to cost any ten dollnri. to d o tht• job citlll'I'." The agent took up the task with trembling fingers. fini,-hcd the work, aml left. Lntcr in the day, when "Geordie" wns walking arou nd in the ynrd smoking u pipe, a neighbor culled o,·cr the fence, "Geordie, whnt wns the mnttcr with the sewing machine 11gcnl? H e left your house in nn llwful hurry." ''Geordie" replied with n faint smile, "Come to think o' it, he seemed to be in quite a hurry u' the time he were in oor hoosc." to R ock Springs, he obtnincd a pince in the Union Pacific min_cs ns ~ m~c · H I Id mun,• 11ositious with t he company, some of wl11ch g,nc 1nm t I nvcr. C IC • • I • tcd 'th th ch· e vork the O Jortunily of l,ccoming intimate y ~ C<JUll.111 WI . e mes \ . men. ~l! hcy regarded him as their best friend a nd affectionately nu med him " D a"ie Tom." For sixteen yeurs he wus out of the employ of the company, 72 ~t • Another "Geordie" sto1·y conccms the time the superintendent stopped at the mine entrv where "Geordie'' and his son were working to a i-k t he time of day, his ·own wntch being in the repair shop. " Geordie" suid thnt he did not possess a watch himself, whereupon the sup erintendent C)>..1)1'essecl surprise, "Aye, lad," sttid " Geordie" earnestly, "if ye ha d our Jack working with ye for a partner, ye wouldn't wnnt a wntch C>ither. He knows when quitting time comes better t ha n any wntch that was eYcr mnde." One of the best loved men who cYer fo·ed in R ock Springs wns D a"id G. Thoma!!. Dorn in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvan ia, on ~Inreh 2, 1857, he went to WOl'k in the coal mines of Illinois nt the age of ten, nnd continued tu work o.t thnt occupation until 1878, when his health foiled. Going west I ~ ~~ r ~ ~ q ,. -l i-----4 - , . .-.:.- 'c!P. ,..., ~ ~ .1 . in .. , - ... :.rr-:.;,•,. ~ • ..._ I -._..,~~ .:.....~ - -~ J / ll . '\ • View of Power Plant Extension al Rock Springs, pulverized coal burners background, the pump and condenser pit in. foreground. during w~1ich period he served as State Coal Mine Inspector, County nnd ~i-osccutmg Attor?ey of Sweetwater County for two years, and Prosecutmg Attor:iey of Umtn. <?ounty for six years. Finally, in 1912, he gave up the prn~bcc of l~w, which he had studied during his spare time when he worked m the mmcs, to become Mine Superintendent at Rock Springs, 111c1~ber of the State Board of Mine Examiners, member of t he R ock Sprmg~- S~hool Board, and Jus~ice of the Peace. H e was widely known us u w11te1 of poetry, and published a book of poems in 1916 • t"tl d 1 " Overla~d and Undergl"Ound," drawing on his experience as a min:~. a;d on the h1sto 1·y of early \-Vyoming for material. ' . /Vith me~ like T homas, Levesque, the station agent, Ludvigson t he the others, t he early Rock Springs was somethin beyond a desolate desert coal camp. As Senator C. D. Clark told the 01~ JUS 1cc, Bunnmg, and �.. Hisro RY or UNtON P AC IFIC Co \L MINEs 74 "The old office building had a f Timers nt thcir nnnun.l banquet, d d t ffi' • orce th t . a ct clear-cut n1nnhoo , comp Ic c c c1cncy and loyalt a I ox g by y, xcelled in this or anynnother town." Y has never een c, ~ T 0 day Rock Springs holds nearly 9,000 people within its cor ·t Superior Winton, R eliance, D ine and Quealy a rclat/dorate • 1m11 s, " .-th 1 , . . 1• " com• t 1 mum•t·1cs pi·o,,iding • 6,000 . more, . .w 10 com \\' e' Iin o v1s1t . t 1c nao"ics, to t rade und to enjoy metropolitan ri:1v1lcge~. it t a contmuous nnd substnntinl su111tnry scwerugc nnd a splendid w t Y l·oll' its streets paved,• with pa · • I a er und lighting system, the c1t.y w1t 1 many bcn.u t ·t f u I I10 1~1<.'s, und a *31>0,000 high school building bcnrs little resemblance t o tltc villagl' of sixty year~ 1tgo. CHAPTER VI . Chinese Riot and Mas acre of September 2, 1885 ,1 . of Se ptember 2, 1885, when 11 . Ti-I~• /~1e .\(Or)'_o f the ~ Ull<'~er/ or i,t the ruins of their bu:n• 1ta11t1 -si., t1m~d Onenwls t e~ bJ I ~l riot that died a,i:ay with the coming i11g /,emu•.,. OJ the abusrs,1 wKl ~t Io Ow/ labor and early day strikes, of oj f rderul troops. of t ,c m g ,ts • of a true ct11·,wse-New J'c11rs celebrutions 0 ! ~~: j~[;~~n~e:, a day in gentleman, Lao Ah • ay. w1,o ca e Ill . 1· l f fl b f re dying Fcbrnary 1898. to rec1•ive rr/resl,mcnt:, and /us ,~a arewe ,; \ d the afternoon of the .(ame du) . of ..Jim.'' tlw weat horse do~tor w o ~ai e fo r 1,;, nczlii•c /anti in epti•mber, /9:.!IJ. t/1<• Inst of the Chinese pensioners und the /a.,t of his m er o11 the Cr11,/ Cn111pa11r's pay ro~I, and_ how Joe ~od unoth,•r pc11 siom•r. spent a portion of thl' 1•11dfllcmr11t g111en l11m by 1,e Ho Compnnr to /,111 a ll'i/e u,ol,o cnulrl "cool: Ju·up plenty. pletty goo • ow Lao /lu ng prrfrrred fight ing to coolcing w tl,e Crral Tflar,_now an h~nored member of the Americall /.rgio11. who for couragr, was in11csted with the Order of tht> Purple ffrnr/. ,:tl:r;:i 1f j"~ !~,::: ·z j~ mnny woy:. Ihe hi:.tor_v of R ol·k , print:"" like t hnt of a do;r,cn othe1· ~111ini11A towns thnl you could 1111111c. 11e1ther better _nor worse. A Ipitifull_Y ,mnll number of God-fl•aring clerg.vi:n:n, Catho~1c nnd Protcs~i. The Union Pacific Coal Company , tore anti Office Building, built in 19:C al Rock Springs. lnnt. , upported nnd sustained by ll few sp1ntua1ly minded men and women, did their best to combat the rude temptations of the town, while the opl•n saloon conti nued to compete with the gambling den for the dollars tha t the mother,- of little chi ldren needed for food and clothing, and up "011 thC' hill" the noise of n rickety piano joined with the obscenity of fallen women. So far, it might be the story of Butte City, Helena, Dawson, DC'ndwood, or n host of other old western mining towns. But there is one unique blot in R ock Springs' pnst that is solely nnd wholly her own, r eminding her of 11. day of violence and black injm;tice, when the blood of innocent men soaked her soil nnd the stench of burning flesh rose from smoking ruins. Thn.t day is ,vcdnesdny, September 2, 1885, t he day of the Chinese riot and massncr e. Chinese workmen, who were to be t he focal point for so much bitterness nnd ~n,Lth on the part of the white miners, were not br ought to the town until Novemb~r of 1875. A s is to be e:irpectcd, many rumors have bee~ current ever ~mce then, allegedly explnining why the Unior, P acific Railroad chose to import the Chinese. The following account written by H erman Glafcke, editor of "The Cheyenne Lender" and 11~ outspoken opponent of Chinese labor, probnbly can be nccepted as being ns accurate as nny that could be found. Editor Glnfcke wrote: "~ the nutumn of 1875, the railrond compnny employed about five hundred white miners in their Rock Springs mines. The 75 :::a: �• 76 HISTORY OF UNION P AC IFI C Co \L l\ltNEs C111 ' ESE H10T ANO MASSAC1n: OF SEl'n:Mur-:11 2, 1885 company paid n. very liberal contrnct price per ton fo 1. 1 • • d . n1ning . coal. It enabled the men to cam from six to ten olla r per day b they worked only about three days_in the week. The winter' w:! approaching, and the company required more coal. The writci· was present when Mr. S. H. H. Clark, then general supe1·intendcnt notified the miners ~hat the comp~ny must hn,·c an incrca ed sup: ply of coal, requestmg them, durmg ~he next _three months, to so arrange their forces as to produce nn mcrcnsc m output of ut least twcnty-fiYc per cent. The miners replied that they would consider the matter, and report their decision to him in t he cvrning. A mcd ing of the miners' union, The Knights of Lahor, was culled, ancl after n lengthy discussion it was decided to dl•clinc i.\lt·. Clark's request, and not to increase the output. A co111mittl C thereupon cnllcd upon the superintendent and communicated to him the ttction of the union. M .r . Clark, nnturally, e:----pre scrl gr,,n.t ,wrprisc. Acldrcssing the committee, he said, 'Docs your union propo e to dictate to this company 1·egarding the amount of c-onl it j,. to mine? Do you intend to limit our supply of conl from ou r o,vn mines. when we arc ready to pay the regular price p er ton heretofore agreed upon? Do you wish to cripple us in failin ~ to gi"c us nn adequn.tc supply of our own coal for the purpose of nmuing our trnins, and to supply the needs of the people residing n. long the line of our road who depend on us for their necessary fuel ? If thnt is your purpose, gentlemen,' continued l\Ir. Clark. 'I h erewith g ive you notice that in a very short time I will have H body of men here who will dig for us nll the coal 11·c want.' Thi- ended the interview, and as no further reply was received from the miners befo1·c Mr. Clark's dep1nt1ne the following morning, thut gentleman proceeded at once to provide ways and menns to protect the interests of the company. ,vithin sixty da:ys three hundred Chinese luborcrs were at work in the Rock SpTings mines." 77 •oiupnn)' should rcq·uirc. The rnilrno.d agreed to employ the Chinese roac•tI .ct '"cks during the summer w I1cn t I1cy· were no t need ed •mtl1e mines. • Oil 1 s r.... • 'ii!'.l t. ~ ~ ' ·' ·~ 111 protest of this action, a large number of the white min:?rs went t ··k·~ The'' were immcdiatelv discharged b)' the company and left on 11 s 11 c. ·' • t h • • b b k town when it bccnme evident thn~ they_ were not t o ge t e1fr fJ_ofts ah~t· . . ,·e tnncd n.fter the stnke, with the crnp1oyment o I y w I e ,v.or1< w u.sd e hu11dred ' . . . wI11•t c mmers • nnd fifty Cl11nese. T I1e rcmammg 011 1111 ncrs nn 1 Clark obtained his laborers through Beckwith, Quinn and Company. whose main offices were located in Evanston, and who operated general stores in all the railroad company's various coal towns. The agreement under which the store had functioned at Carbon was the same n.s that by which it was run in Rock Springs. The store did not pretend Jo be the official Union Pacific Railroad store, but merely had an agreement with the railroad company to handle the work of paying the mincri;' wag~s. This arrangement proved a great convenience and economy for the railroad compan)· and at the same time established a means for the workmen jn the mines to obtain credit nt the stores. The workmen could, if they wished, charge goods <luring the month and ha \'C the payments taken. out of their pay. The contract for the importation of the Chinese prov1d?d for Beckwith, Quinn und Company delivering to tl1e Union Pacific Ra~lroad Company at Ogden, Utah, as many Chinese laborers as the rail- -- - . . / / I Id Chinese Joss House, Rock Celebration of sacred nles w ro11l o l te 0 Springs, February 7, 1895. . . the summary n11wnc1· in which the were cons1dcrably chastened_ on secmg rikers and · for some time there esc cmploved in the mines railroad company dealt with the 5 ~ 1 was no open trouble. From the first ie 1111 .' 'Jcrres ~ncl they n.ppro. d company WCI.c g_ivcn manY r:> · ' • • of the rndroa • pnvi cont'ini,nl source of bitter' 't t ]11'0\'C(1 ll • printed mnny others. .Tl11s S I ua ~on_ cl ti Chinese but the conl comncss and friction between the wl~ttcs an ic d r spc~ial protection and pany made it plain that the Cl11nesc were un c ci'- �I HISTORY OF UNION P AClrlC COAL ~ h NES C HINF:St: R10T \ND M ,\SSACllF. Of SEPTEMBER 2, 1885 that injury to them wmild b~ punishable by dischnrgc. The ~·csult was thnt while the white miners nnght exprcs~ thcmseh·cs very for~1bly about the Chinese in con,·ersation with other wlutes, they were ,·e1·y circumspect in their direct contnct with the Orientals. nn cpt0 f ~ 1·1cp sy he had witnessed while workrng tn \Yest V1rg1nin. The ca~e. 1 c~c1.c unconvinced, but the Scotch miner stuck to his s tory, and I . . . 0 ttiClll s \\ 78 The protection given the Chinese can best be illust mted by un n nccdotc. One of the mine (·lerks ,~ho hncl a ve_i·.y crooked nos 7 betan11• nbusivc ton ,·ellow workmnn. The Chrnesc wns qtm·k to resent this trent111l' 1tt nnd cnlled 011 the ,-upcrintendcnt to protest. The lnttcr hied to identify the offending clerk from the workman's desc ription, but the ( ' hinl' SC kept repeating, "I not know his nnmc. I no savvy." '·\Ydl. c·nn't vou tell me something about whnt lw look:- likl', -..o I ran tell who he is?;, the official insisted. The C'hi1111111an's fn ce lighted up nnd he replied quil·kly " Y l-:-, yes, I snn·y now;' and. p ushing his nose to one side with his fo refi nger, lw said, " H e nlll•e :.i1111e this fellah." The superintendent ins tantly id l'ntiliu l the dcrk. sent for him nnd deli,·ercd 11 sharp reprimand. 1''rcq111•11 t i1w1denb. of this sort built up a deep resentment in the white miner:..' lwn rt-; 11~u in!!l the interloper:-, u resentment thut was none the le:-;, bit ter b~, ' lthl' ,t wm, of necessity partly concculed. More nnd more o fh•n, a:. t l1<' Chi,w~c increused in number, would white temper;; flnre up. llnd so111l'l imt'-, fighb. would result. On one llll'll10r11ble occasion n numbt'r of D riti,,Jwrs "ho "t•re engnged in rock work in one of the mint',- ,:cut one of their 11umhe1·. a l:frotd1111n11, out before lunch to hn\'c their mine pic·k:- ,-fiarpened. It "11~ not twe_h•e o'~lock, but the Chinese bl1tl·ks111ith wn::- aln•1uly lm;,i)y ,•ngngcd in c1thng lus noonday men!. The Scotchman insi!!h:cl thnt his piyks be shnrpencd, pointing out to the blacks111ith t hat the whistle had not Yd blown. He put l~i~ picks in the fo1·g~. 1tnd 1Vo Hung prnmptly threw tl;em out of doo1·s. 'l 111s o<·cun-ed thret• times. when Sandy. angered to the ,·cry core to be tlms defied by ll Chinumnn, knocked the blacksmith down and choked him until he wns unconscious. Then the miner hurriedh· reentered the mine und rejoined his compunion:-.. \Yhcn the black1-mith ;·cturncd to consciousness, he sd up a :rreat outcry, :md the s uperintendent and other members of tl~e s tuff 1·u::-l1cd into the blacksmith shop exclniming, "\\'hnt' s t he mutter w1th you, lV'o? \\' hat's hnppcned?'' Defore '\"Vo could repl}· Sandy also rus hed i11to the :,hop, exclaiming, "'Yhut's the mutter , "\Vo?" By this ti111e Wo was bcgi1111ina to feel better and glaring nt the • I1c sa1'd , '".1.-ou I1eap smnrt fellah, t> ' mmer, you heap so.vvy what's the mnllah. You tcllum bosscc- man what's the maJlnh." Naturnlly the officials turned to the mi11cr fo1· an n1>lnnution, but Snndv only shook his head doubtfully nt ~hem, nnd replied, "If you're nsking n;e, gc~tlcmen, I'd say the China• man has hnd 1u1 epileptic fit. You'll notice his lips arc purple, and he's frothfog at the mouth, and he doesn't talk rationally. Aye, I'm sure it's 79 ·ic tic fit. " 'fhen he !aunched in~o n Ion~ explanation _of _a similar <rive up t 1e1r mqu1ry. thev wc1.e fo rced to i:, • Dy 1885 t h e numbc-r of oriental workmen had been increased to three as compared to one hundred and fifty white d . :d a ml thirty-one, hun • • • cl t h cir • umon • an d ha d repeatedwhite 111c11. who ha d mnmtnme • ,..c 'l'he nunci t •d for the remo,·n I of the Chinese, were ready for a showdown. ly tgil 111 a Iewis who wns nn enl'licr mine leader than the present President Jo of t1te ,l••• ,r • ' \\'. uf ..\.. mailed the following two letters from his office in Denver 0 11 .Aug-u:il :!8, 1885: ~t "Rcckwit h, Q11111 11 nncl Co111pnny, Evnnston . \\', oming. "Gentlemen, ~, r-,: "It p niu, me greatly to hu,·e to call your ntten~ion to the foct thnl lfll' Chi11e1-l' prohlem nt Hock Springs is ~ssmmng 11 ~rnvc ·t ] \Ven• ii not for the foct that I 11111 sensible there will be n tt ' m C'. Id nn ontbur:-t of indignation ngninst these people, I won. not trouble' rou with rorr<•spondence upon the mutter. But sc1~s1ble ns • unh•:-s n durngc 1•s c ffcc t cd immc • d'11\tel .,u there. will he. nn I 11111 thnl outbrl'ak. I n•~pcctfully notify you of the storm that 18 brewmg. t. t tiIC bush in this• nlllltcr. The conH i:- usdc:-.s for Ille to '-ucl\ t llUOU . • • bl '1' 1 . • •. nearly :seventy-five of ouL' sequence, a r c 111ev1t11 c. 1e1 c 1-; . . Ch' men , • t ti resent bmc, wlule the mcse h ·in rr idle 1tt H ock Spnng~ 11 IC P . ·tJ ti . • "ffooding in there by the sco re.. This is•. not consistent w1 1 1e an• • pri1H'1ple you approved o f "·I11'l·t ,, we were m Omnh11. • d f ti •. just shnrc of wo1·k "Our men n t Carbon u re dep n\'e o . ien I I 11 I te to sec • •11 t . . 0 f Joing busmess. s 111. 1ll b,· reason of this un,1 s \\ Ll) c t· t nt present. • I . _ s nltcrnn 1vc o me a ,-trike tnke place, but t ici e :,CCIII 110. b I thnt will conI ,un fur peace first an<l a II\.11.'.s,. but ,t mus. t e sue , . 1, ·k, • d ' , c for n fan· day s \I o1 • cede to our men 'a fo1r ny s "ng • • ti n1·c fnr be. ,ti Colol'Udo 1111ncrs, icy "Compunng C11rbon ,1 I I . I farther st ill. Plcnsc • • d R k Sprmgs arc niuc 1 . hmd m the race. An oc I pts yon to this pohcy • let me hear fro111 you wI111t 1·t 1·s t mt • prom t' • 1·nto vigorous nc ion. which you seem to be carr,rm? ''I shall respectful1y nwait a reply, ''Yours, . John L. Leins, 368 Larimer Street" �H1sTOHY OF UNION PA c:1F1c RO Co,\I . M1 NES "D. 0 . Clnrk, Esq., ll nion Con I D epurtmen t, Omaha. "l\fy dear Sir : "Althoug h I have been lying sick in my bed for the pa t four weeks, I ha Ye been tloodccl with . . conespondcncc . from \V •,·on,·mg, the sum nnd substance of wluch 1s, that the Chmcsc ;u•e lmving- all the work they cnn do, whilst our men at R ock Spring-, arc le ft out in the. cold. I . understand thnt they nre now working nlmoi;t ,h~)' nnd night, whilst Cnrbon men have worked but one d av , in t he 1l l S·t two weeks. This makes tl1e situation tel'l'iblv /t<Trrra,·n t i,1rr • hl" ;.. , " " tl<l • Ill spite of my efforts will undoubtedh· result i11 n :-t' w n• i.trltrrrr) • t,:-, C' ·r I longer continued. • "For God's ·nke do what you can to a m id thi,- , ilamil" : thl' pt·cssurl' i;. more than I can bear. Sec that jus til'c ..., do n\! to all the .men at Carbon, and to the unemployed po rtinn at Hock Springs. "This is surely not consistent with the d octrine p rcnt'ltl·d by i i r. Beckwith whilst at Omaha. "Please let me hear from you curly. . '·Your,- truly. ,John L. L ewi,-. 368 Larimer Stn•d" On "'ctlncsdnv 2 . 188~ • , Il' tt Cl' . morning' Se1Jh~mbn1• ~ .,. ll l' f o re L CWIS cou. Id It' 1uve beenl acted upon ' e,•en 1'f 1'thncI contu •mcd a clcfi111•tc suggel-tion ' f01 uc 1011 rnt 1e1· thnn the ge • 1'· d • cl' • • . . , ,r nein 1ze m ,ctment 1t c·nn·1cd u misunt ICl'S t nn d mg m .,o s·x l\I'11 1 • R k • ' powdcl' nnd pr;l.i ~itn\crl ; c ~ "'oc ." Springs touched the fin.me to the 1 1 pnl't in the riot' \1 t d e hn"c.d~ thnt followed. The men who took the blood' t • mgd in . ay ha Ye sn,d thut the following account of one of ies 111c1 ents m the 1i· t 01. . 0 f tl ~II, • • ts ~ te est, ns printed m "The Rock Springs Incle d t" pen en on Thursday, September 3, 1885, is 1tccurate: s·. "All the entries nt N and :\lr. James A Eva 0 • ~x were stopped the first of the month, roonu; in the cntl'ic·- I ~• t c forem~n. marked off a number of and fo • roo,n~ s. 11 l ko. 5 entry eight Chinamen we re workin!!, 111 1 .. " were mnr • d ff f Whitd1ousC' nnd i\fr , .· e ~ or t 1~m. In No. 13 entry Mr. tlu ,,· c·ould hn\'c roo,· ,T~nkms \\Ct'c workmg, nnd E,·nns told them Tl1~y ehosc ;,<> ,-; tns m th nt entry or in N'o. 11 or No. 5 enlTie.". · ;,who • ·~ en lhookumn . I'\' • • and . " ·Iicn ti tt•y went to work Tuesday D1w<' • \Ins nctmn- a!i p't 1. • l\l F • ·b told them to take the Br~ .' 1 uoss m • r. • mnCJs' a sence, st 1 ooms mnrked off. He supposed the ciu KESt.: H10T ,;,;1> I\L,ss ,cup; or S EPTE:-.un :n 2, 1885 Chinnmen had begun work on their rooms, and that Whitehouse t\nd J enkins would take the next rooms beyond them. But as the two first rooms of t_hc entry hnd not been commenced, ,vhitehousc took one, not kno~ving that they had been given to the Chinamen. He went up towi~ m the n.f tcrnoon, and during his absence the two Chinuinen came m and went to work in the room .Whitehouse had started. \Vedne day morning when Whitehouse came to work two ('hinnmen were in possession of whnt he considered his room. He ordc.red them ou_t, but they wouldn't leave what they thought wns the11· r oom. High words followed, then blows. The Chinese from oth~•r ro~nw, cnme rushin.g in, ns did t~e whites, and a fight ensued with J>.1,·k-,, . l1ovels, drills, and tampmg needles for weapons. The C'h111n111l:n were _worst~d, four of them being bndly wounded, one- of wh om has smce died. A number of white men were sc,·ercl)· lirni-,ed and cut. An attempt was mnde to settle the matter, bnt t hl 11w11 wt•rc exci ted, and bound to go out. They accordingly c11111c out, n rn1cd themselves with rifles, shot-guns, nnd r<'\'Oh·er ... lo proh'ct themselves from the Chinese, they said, nod started lt p town . After coming through Chinatown·, they left their gun, bC'hincl them. and mnrchcd down the front street, and cli ·pei·sed uboul noon . "In tht' meantime, nil wM excitement in Chinntown. The flag wns hoil'>t<.•d a , ll warning, nnd the Chinnmcn gathered to their quarte t" from 1111 parts of the town, being gently urged by chunks of cont nnd hrickbn b. from a crowd of boys. After dinner all the snloons wer e' closed. and n majority of the men from nll the mines gathered in the st reets. Most of them had firearms, nlthough kniYes. hntcheb,. a nd clubs were in the hnnds of some. It wns finally decideJ Hutt John must go, then and there; and the small army of sixty o r seventy nrmed men, with as many more stragglers, went d~wn the trn~k townrds Chinatown. On the way they routed out n number of Chinese section men, who fled for Chinntowu, followed bv n few strnv shots. When n crowd got as for as No. Three switch,· theY sent • forward a committee of three to warn the Chinamen t~ lea ve in un hour. Word was sent back that they would go, nnd very soon there was n running to and fr~, and g athering of bundles, that showed that John was preparrng to move out. But the men grew impatient. They thought that John was too slow in getting out, nnd might be prepnring to d<'fend his position. I n about half nu hour nn advance was made on the enemy's works with much shootina and shouting. The hint wns • ' ,b Cl. th sufficient. " 7ithout offering any resistance, the unamen snn c ed up whatever they could la~, their hnnrb on, nnd started C'~Sl 011 the run. Some w~re bareheaded and bnrcfootcd; others earned n small bundle in n handkerchief, while a number lrncl rolls. of bedcling. They fled like 11 flock of frightened sheep, scrambling 81 �CH INESF. R10T AND M ASSACRE OF SEl'TEMBl::R 2, 1885 HisronY OF UN10N PACIFIC CoAt. ~ltNEs 82 nnd tumbling down the steep ba~ks of Bitter C1:eek, then through the snge brnsh and over the rnilrnnd, nnd up into the hills enst of Burnina )lountnin. Some of the men were engnged in scnrching the house;, and dl'iving out the stray Chinamen who were in hiding. while others followed up the retrcn ting Chinamen, encouraging theil' flight with showers of bullets fired over their hcnds . "All the stores in town were dosed, and men, women. nnd children were out watching the hul'l'icd exit of ,fohn Chinn mnn. and eYery one seemed glad to sec them 011 the wing. S oon 11 blnck smoke wns seen issuing from the penk of II ho11-,c in ' H ong K ong,' then from nnother, nnd very l>OOII eight or fen of the• largest of the houses were in flames. Hnlf choked with fil'l' ancl smoke, numbers of Chinamen cnme ru:)hing from I he l111 rning huildings, nnd, with blnnkeh nnd bedqttilb. o,·er tl11 ir lll'11cl, to protect themseh·es from the strny rifle shots, the_,- fo llowed I IH•ii· n•tn•itting hrnther!i into the hills ut the top of their , peed . Aflt•r c·o111pfoting their work here, the crowd caml' ac-ro,,, I 11 .Ah Le•(•',, laundry. Thl·re wns no sign of n Chinn11111n here nt fi rst. liu t n \'igoroui- search re\'euled one hidden nwnr in a corm.:r. Ilul he ll'Ollld not dare to come out. Then the roof \\'HS brol..1•11 in. 1111cl shots fired to srnre him out, but n shot in n·lur11 ,lurn 1d thn l lh<' Chinaman wns nrmcd. A rnsh through the doo1· followed, I hen n scuffle n11d_n number of shots: tlll(I looking through an 01wni11g. n <lend C'l11nnma11 w11s seen on the floor with hlood ,wd brnin:oozing from n terl'ible wound in the bnl·k of his head. 1 "Fore1111111 Evnns wns next Yisit<:cl and told to ll'H\'l' 011 the eYening trnin. H e quietly said he woul1I go. H<' ufterward, m,kcd to he allowed to stn.v. till next day tn get his thing:- ready, but a ,·ote of the men decided ngninst allowing thii- fll\'or. and nbout four hours nfter i\Ir. Evans left foi- the EnsL rrhc l'l'OWd next Yisitcd the home of Soo Qui, a boss Chinaman, but Soo had crone to EYnnston, und only his wife wus in the house. She• enme t; the do_or ~llUch tcnified, nnd with tearful eyes and n trembling ,·oic1• snid, Soo, he go. I go to him.' The nssurnncc- of the men that she could stay in the house, und would not be hurmecl. did not cnlm her fcnrs. She did not like tlw !ooh of the armed crowd, anrl gathel'ing a smnll 1umful of housc-hold trensures she left, nnd wns nftel'wards taken in b" n neicrhbor. 'rhen n few Chinnmen wu1:ki11g _in ~o. One rnmc out,' nnd w~re hustled up the hills afte1· then· fleeing brothers. . "'Well, gcntlemc-n. the next thing is to give Mr. O'Donnell• ?0 bce to lea\'e. and then go over to Xo. Six,' snid one of the men 111 the• ('l'mrd. But tlte nowd wns slow in departing on this errnnd. A lai·ge number seemed to think thnt this wns going too fnr; and •w. M. O'Donnell who operated a. atorc :i11d butcher ihop. r the crowd that gathered in front of O'Donnell's store, the ma- ~ -'t , did not svmpathize with this move. But o.t somebody's or- JOll ) • ·tt d • dcrs, n note 01·dc1·ing O'Donnell to lcnvc was wr1 en, an given to Gottsche, his teamster. "Joe Young, the sheriff, came ~own from Green Rive1: in ~he e,·(•ning, uud gunrcls were out ull mght to protect. the p1 ope1_ty of the citizens in case of disturbance. But evcl'ythmg was quiet ill town. Ovl•r i11 Chinatown, however, the rest of the hou_ses were burned• the whole of them, numbering ubout forty, bcmg consumed I he ground. The Chinese sect!on-house, nnd a lso the . t , . s,·,. ,,,.. -e burned' nnd Chinamen out . were chased I d Iwu,-c:- n •~ c1 • , .,, ' 1 of nendv nil tlw burning buiJclings. All the mgh~ Ion~ t 1e soun_ of rifll· 1~11d n•rnh er wns hMrd, nnd the su rroundmg l11lls were lit by t]ll' gla1·, of bu rning houses. to .. \ look arnund the scenes of the preYious day's work _re,·c-a lecl ,nuw ti-rriblc ,ight... 'rhursdu_y mornin~. In the smo~mg c,•llar uf 111 ., (.'huic~t• hom,c· the bla<'kcned bodies of three Clunamcn ,, ,•re· ,, , 11 T l1t'l'l' oth,,r,; were in the cell a 1· of another, nnd four bodil'" 11 \.rc foun d m•arby. From the positio~ of some ?f the bmlic,-, it would ,cc111 a:, if they had begun to dig a hole 111 the n•llnr to hide tlll'm,,l·he~: but the fire ovc1·took the~1, when nb~ut ludf-wav in the holl·, burning their lower extremities to crisp. ,wcl fl•n~·ing the uppel' portions of their bodies untouched. At thr. cast encl of Chinn town another body was found, churrec.l by the flume:- uncl 111 utilntecl by hogs. The smell tha~ arose from the ~111 oking ruin:-. wns horribly suggesti\'~ of burnmg flesh. !tu·th7•: 1,,1- t lll' l'C the bodies of four mo re Chmamen shot down rn_ then fli n-hl : om of t hl·m hnd tumbled o\'er the b~nk and lay 111 the n~ck 11 ith (nee upturnLd and distorted. Still f?-rth:r, nnother Chinaman was found, shot through the hips but still ahve. He had been shot ju:-.t us he came to the bunk nnd hud fallen over and lay close to tiic edge of the bnnk. He wns taken up town and c.ared for by Dr. E. D. Woodruff. Besides this, two others ,~ere senousJy w~unded, nn<l many who got away were more slightl):1 hurt. The trains toduy hnve picked up a large number of Chmo.men on the trnck, and taken them West. "Judge Ludvigsen summoned n coroner's jury_, who, with Dr. ,voodrnff, examined the bodies of the dend Chinamen, and returned a verdict that eleven hnd ~een burned to ~eath, and fo'-!r shot by parties unknown to the Jury. The ~od1es were put tn rou~h coffins, and buried in the Chinese bury111g-grounds• "The action of the saloons in closing up is to be commended, and it cannot be snid that a 'drunken. mob' drove out the Chinamen. Every one was sober, and we did not sec a case of drunkenness. n 83 �HISTORY OF UN ION PACIFIC COAL l\111NES 84, CHINESE RIOT AND MASSACRE OF' SEPTEMBER 2, 1885 "While n large number of miners here belong to t he Kni hts of Lnbor, the work of Wednesday was not done b_y ordci· of ft t . . 'I'I1cre may IHIXC been n d ct ern1rnation • • of mak'Hl orgnmz11t10n. 1 nu earl)' attempt to get the Chinese out, but not exactly in th way, or at that time. It merely needed the trouble at No. Six t 0 excite the men into a crusade against tJ1e Chinese." a sking for an interview in which to present their grievances against the t:ompany. Callaway decl i11cu tu be intcl'viewecl unt il the J>roperty of the company was rc:, t.orcd to iL The following day the President ordered the federal t roops to protect the Chinese us well as the mails. ·with these instrnctions, two liundrrd and fiftv soldiers left Evanston with six hundYed and six Cli in<'~t• fnr Hock Springs on September 9th, exactly a week after th(' 011 th1·cak. D uring t his time, dernonstrntions against the Chinese had o c·cu l'l'l.'< I tiin,11ghout the entire western section of the United States. I. H. Brnmley, of the railroad's Boston office, a.nd Assistant General Manager Edward Dickinson, of the Omaha office, went to Rock Springs on September 15th, to l1e1ll' the gl'ievances of the miners' and merchants' com~ittee. These g1·ievances_ were repeated and elaborated upon at a hcnrmg before government dll'ectors of t)H' railron.d tlvo days later. :1 GoYernor Francis E. Vlnl'l'en, of '"' yoming Tcrritor)' wl,o I t · d States sc1rntor f rom t I1e state, left Cheyem ' 11. .er wns to become l 111te 1c 1• 11 mediately for the trouble zone. The rnihoud, in tbe meantime h· <l ) . t o s t op ti1ell' • trams • n.n cl pick , un all thn' CJ ol ,;tructed 1'ts tram • 111. .crews . • ~ llllCse they snw._The fugitives w~rc taken to I:vanston. Go,·crnor \Vurrcn wired the President of t he U nited States for troops to suppress the •• t Eighty ~ n~ted States troops arrived in. Rock Springs. and un e~~11j number m Evansto11, ou Septembe1· 5th, with orders to µro t-cct the 1 . ·1·tt d . . 11a1 :s. 0 n .-ti1c .sUJ'.ie d ny u ~omm1 ee compo_sc of m~ncrs and merchunts in Uock Sp~ mg~. ,rn'\ ol'gumzcd to collect mformahon that would explain the wh~te 111~nla!rs murderous hatr~d of the Chine e. On Sl'pl ember 6th the white mmers at Evanston notified A. C. B eckwith, of Bt'ckwith, Quinn and Compa ny, thnt the)• would shoot hi111 if lie did not see tl11tt nll Chinese nt Enrn ton W(•1·e out of the ci_t,v within three d nys. Notw1t.hstandi11g, t he s tore concealed one of i ts Ch inese [) clerl,s in its basement for n week. On the followino· dny '" ....: ., ..... ~ ··--'Si the white miner s at Almj, ~.,. _1 nenr Enrnston, t!U'eatencd ~ =-....:..:11111 death to any Chinese who entered the . mines. ConseDragon float spnbol of Manchu Dynastr quently, no Ch inese laborer brought to Rock Springs in 1894. worked either iu the mines or on the tracks. prompted G o,•Cl.noi. nr • Evanston n.t n arren who wus m .Such actions . 1 tune, to wire the President of the rnited St~tes in part: he • • k·, sl1eru1 :1r . 11 · "From i:li . the nature of the ou tb1ea o f county cannot 1 n Y su c1ent posse and T . ·t • l I , •·a I · . I ' . . ei ri ona government cannot sufficient11~mmrrecti~msts know, through newspapers and desPt .~ 1es,ft~ iat tfroops Wll! not intel'fere 1rnder present orders· and 11 om 1 e cct O presence of t • d ' t • _roops is estroyed. If troops were known to huve ·d 01 0 back I ·t crs . . as 5 ist the sheriff's posse in cn.sc driven nm of qui e sure Cl\'1I ' ' use actual soldiers." au tllori·ries could restore 01·der without } t\ 'rt1e miners' and merch t , . • erul Munagei· S R C ll an s committee on September 8th wired Gen• • a away of the Union Pacific Raihoacl at Omaha, 85 u __ -... ~-~~ '·~,t• - . Banquet, given by the United Mine Workers of America honoring the aged Chuiamen, who were members, on the eve of their departure from Rock Springs, Nov. 11, 1925. I I Summed up, the grievances we1·e: 1. Thut false weights were used by which miners were defrauded of four to five hundred pounds of coal to each car. 2. That the presence of Chinese in Rock Springs made it unsafe for women to venture out alone. 3. That the Chinese miners were favored in the assignment of rooms in the mines, being given rooms located for easy working. 4 . That Superintendent Tisdel sold privileges to Chinese workmen. 5. That miners were compelled to trade ut the store of Beckwith, Quinn and Company. The charge concerning weights was brought by 11. man who Jrnd been employed temporarily as a weighman iu No. Four Mim• during the pre- �C HINESE RI OT ,\NI) iVlASS,\ CRE OF SEPT EMBER 2, 1885 , t,,~t~ ,1 nh-. 'l'lw ,,111npn11y ntlkin h, ni-scrtccl he mi,;undcrst,ood the figu rino 1.:f m•t ,n•i~ht , lh:11 _lht• 111i1wrs lhc1t1scl\'cs co_ulc~ hi~vc judged the weight of th,, ,·,•:ii t ht'.' h:1d 1111n,•d n111rc l'loscly tlwn w1tl~m five hundred pounds, and s,, ",,itl_d h:1w 111·11:1·skd 1'.ny sul'h shu1:t11gcs. l◄ urt he_rrno1·c, t l~e total shipllh' n!,. t1•,1m tlw 1111tt1'. tnll1t•d dos,•ly with the ::u m o{ the vanous amounts mh1txl by tlw indi\'idunl miners. 87 ~oon discovered by Superintendent Tisdel, who discharged the pit boss at once. 'l'isdcl made a humorous remark at t he time of discha1·ging the minor official, which gossip turned in to something vicious. He explained the oriO'inal source of f his mulicious gossip in the hearing before the Governme;t directors, t<lcuog rnphic not es of which were kept as follows: T h,• ,·h:1rg(' ,·1}nce1·ning the danger to which women were s ubjected hy C hi1h'H' w11s Ht:H1e by a wom:rn who told of a Chinese making n,11 inclc-.·,•nt ,•-._ p,>sttr,• b..-fon• her. No other testimony of this natu re was gi"<'ll. Only h"o ,:pccinc insh1ncc,:; of sales of p rivileges to Chinese were 111 nclc. tlnc of th,'SL' 11 ,1s diseloscd in the hcnring to have been the sale of a mine ro,m1 for one Jrnndn•d dollurs, not hy a compu,ny official, hu t Liv uoc o-irno11f Chirws,· w,ll'kml'n to anothcl' gang of their own rncc. 'rlH• scco~cl i s~nc~ 11 wHs of :'l ~ale made by n pit boss of n room to n gang t>f C'h im•sl.!. This wns Batll.Jllt'I gfoen departing " China Boys" at the Grand Cafe by their friends and Th e Uniun Pocific Coal Company and U. M. W. A . Officials, November 7, 7927. On the night of Nov. 14, 1925, nine old Chinese, Leo Chung, Ah Sung, Sfng f. ee, Joe Bow, A ir Sund')'. You Kwong, Air Fan, Ah Chung and Ah How, ~ailed from San Francisco 011 the Steamship President T_aft for their o~d home in th~ Province of Canton. China. Messrs. Frank Tallm1re, H. ]._ Harrington of Roel. Springs und Torn Hon Poo, a Chinese Consu-late Auache in the background. "Government D irector Savage: Certain grievances have been brnught to our notice by a committee of white miners here, to the effect that JOU had sold, and declared that you would sell, privileges to work in different rooms in the mines, in specially advantageous rooms in the mines, and that privileges were specifically granted to Chinese. "Mr. Tisdel: It is not so. I might have made ll,n unwise.remark whe11 two persons reported it to me; they probably did not tnke it as it was intended. Thei-e was - - - , a pit boss, and it came to my notice that he had been selling 1·ooms; I told him t o come to my office, and discharged him for it, and at the same time said that if any more rooms were to be sold they sl10uld apply to me at the offic~ • "Government D ircctol' Savage: Did you mean to be understood that you would sell r ooms.? �88 H1sTORY or, U NION PA c 1r-1 c C OAL :M 1NES CmNESE R 10 T ANll M,1ss,1c nE OP SF; PTEMBEn 2, J885 "Answc1·: I meunt it to be understood tliut there would be no rooms sold. 89 of the county und from cditoriuls published in newspapers of the tcl'l'itory, most of which were anti-Cltincsc, cun he deduced frolll the foll0\vi11g report of the g rand jury : "Government Director Suvage : Have y ou ever exercised any discriminations in regaTd to privileges in fovo1· of the Chinese? " Answer: Never. "Govel'tlment Director Savage : H u,vc compl uints been mculc about discriminations b eing ma d e in favor of the Chi1wsc by parties ? 01· have they come to your knowledge? "Answer: Only in this one instance." Concerning the charge that miner s were compelled t,, t rnclc with Beckwith, Quinn and Company, no proof whatever wn.s o ffered. 01w white workman, who had had considerable t rouble "keeping his job, .,tatcd, " \i\re wer e compelled t o trade in Beckwith, Quinn nnd Comp.m y ' s torl!."' 'l~he Government directors, however, were unable to elicit an y imbs tm1tintion • fol' this stat emen t. On the day of this hearing a st rike was called by the miners, mine engineer s, and carpenter s ,it Rock Springs and Almy, bccnu e the company had refu sed to reinstate all white miners. The Government di rectors of the r a ilroad on S eptember 18th recommended thnt the office1· • of the company be given help from the soldier s to p r otect the property and to conduct business. Superintendent D. 0. Clnrk of t he Coa l D epartment posted a notice on the following day thnt work would be resumed nt 7 o'clock .M onday morning, September 21s t , for a ll men wbo h nd not been discharged, and that all men refusing to wo·rk would be paid off. On September 20th General A. 1\lcCook, of Fort Douglas, who hnd been in Rock Springs helping the Chinese consuls take testimony,• wired the Adjutant General of the D epartment of the Platte : "Am fully convinced t hat any attempted trial and punishment by the civil authority, United States or T erritorinl. of the men who murdered the Chinese on 2nd of September, wiJl proYc a b urlesque and farce in the name of lnw and justice. ~he men wlio committed the murders arc aliens; their murdered victims 1u e also a liens, but under treaty protection. Martial law should be d eclare~ in Swe~~water County, ' "ryoming, the murderers arrested and tned by m1l1tary commission." " We, the grand jury empanelled in and for t he sn.id county a t. the SrJJtember 1 1885, t erm of the third district court, would r csp rct fu ily report that we have examined i11to all offenses that ha,,e bt•l'11 brought to our a ttention, or arc within our knowledge, and l11t,c p rclicntcd bills of indictment where the evidence would wu rrant .-uch (i nding. ·yvc hnve diligently inquired into the occurrence at Rock S prings on t he second d ay of September last; and, though we ha\'e cxtunined u large nu111ber of witnesses, no one hns been able to trst ify to 11 sing le criminal net committed by any known puson on tlrn t d ay. i Vha teYCI' crimes mny have been committed there on I h,· ~nd of ·Sep tember , the perpetrators thereof hnvr not been disclosed by the evidence before us; and therefore, while we deeply rctr rl't th<.; circumstances, we arc wholly unable, acting under thr ob"li ,mti o11s of ou r oaths, t o return indictments. ,ve have a Iso mqmre • • d i1~to the cnuscs that led to t he outbrca.k nt Rock Springs. ,Vhile we find no excuse fo r t lie crimes committed, there appears to be no d oubt :Lbuses existed there thnt should lrnve been promptly adj ttstcd by I lw rnilroad t omp(rny and its officers. If this hnd been done, ti11• fnir name of our T erritor y would not have been stnincd by tlw terrible m·cnts of t he 2nd of September." iVork was being CMried on in t he Rock Sp1·ings mine.~ by la1·ger and la rge1· munbc1·s of men when, on October 1st, the miners nt Carbon, where 11 0 Chi nese 11·r r c employed, wen t out on st rike, after issuing the ultimatum I hal llwv woL1ld " not 0o-o back t o work until every Chinnmnn nlong the l ~11iu11 r>acific road is discharged." Miners at the company's mines nt T.ouisl'illc, Color ado, also went out on strike on the following dny, making the statement t hat " we dcma11d a gcnerul settlement of 'Rock Springs' g rievances." The Carbon and Louisville mines remained closed, while tJ1e Rock Springs mines continued to c:rpand operations, until immediate action wns tnkcn on. the following letter: Some one hundred Chinese fearfully entered the mines on Monclay. Nearh ,ill the white men refused to return to work, eitl1er below or abo,·e groun·d. However:, the co1:1~any put _n_iore and mo1:e, men to work 3:s th~~ applied. J\'leanwhil<:, ~he c1v1l auth?r1tics accused s1x.~een men ?~ bemg 1e sponsible for the k1llmg of the Clunese and th_e burmng ~f then homes. grnnd jury was summoned to the courthouse m Green R1v~r, and the ev,dence was presented. H ow closely General McCook ha? mt~rpret~d the public temper, having drawn his opinion from conversation with residents f ''S. IL Cnllaway, General Nlanager, Union Pticific Rnilwn_y, Omuhn. "Headquarters, Executive Ronrcl, Onion Pacific Employes, Denver, Colorado, November 12, 1885. "DeaT Sir: "Yours of the lOt,h, asking us to send in Wl'iting any suggest ions we wish to make in 1·egard to the miners, is nt hnnd. In answer we wish to call yoUl' attention to the fol1011riJ1g: �---■-------~- 90 HlsToRY or- UNION PAc1F1c CoAL MINES "'¥c only come to you at _this time nt the cnrnl'st r equest of the miners who went out on str1kc October 1st. "We wish first to state thnt these miners went out contru.ry to our wish and ud,•ice ; and w~ endeavored to s_how their r eprcsenbiti,·es wherein we believed this wo_uld be a mistake, a nd l:ow wr brl"eved 11 satisfacto ry understand111g could be rettched with the rm:lpany, without action of this kind. Now they sec their_n:istakc, nncl are willing to return to work under t1l C same cond1t1ons n.s wl1cn they came out. "Now, we do not believe these men arc a s much to blame ns some may believe. The excitcmen~ that was occas ionc_d b_y Lhc massacre of thc Chinese at Rock Sprmgs caused nil of tins t rouble. "\Ve do not believe the men nt Carbon and Louisville r eal ly undcr»tood tlie circumstances connected with the trouble at R oc·k Spi·ing · ; hC'Hcc: we think the company should take this i11to n,n,-ide rntion, ancl allow the miners to return to work. "'Ve bnncd tonight that this was offei·cd to tlw miiwrs nt Carbon. und that they will return to work tomorrow " rl! would earnestly ask t1uit an opportunity be given at once to the men at Louisville to return to work. Further, we would ca ll your nUcntion to the coudition of some of the miners at Almy. These men did not come out on strike, and ha vc showed no disposition to fig ht the company, having acted ns men s}1ou]d; yet they a rc not allowf'd to wor"k, 11or can they go to work for the Ccntrrtl Pacific Company, bC'cnuse the Pnion Pacific superintendent wilJ not give t hem the required permit. ,ve believe this to be unjust under the circumstances. "In regard to the Rock Springs men, we would :tsk you, in thcir bclmlf, to consider the circumstancC's co111wded with the trouble tl1erc, and allow such men ns rema1n t hen• to resume work under the same conditions as we a sk for the others; thus have regular work resumed in all mines on the system, which we bl'lieve i,. the wish of all employcs and citizt'ns throughout the "\Vest. "In bclinlf of the miners, CHINESE R IOT AND MASSACRE OF SEPTEMBER 2, 1885 91 31st, before the massacre, to 1,610 tons on November 80th. Active white resentment of the Chinese subsided after the outburst of angry indignation in which bventy-fivc yellow men lost their lives. That number of bodies was found. Twenty-six other Chinese had set out from Rock Springs on foot :1c1·0 s the mountains and were ne,·cr heard from. It is popularly belicYcd that most of them died from hunger and exposure, but in all prob1tbilil_y tl,cy went to other places and other employment. The onh· trouble that cnr arose between the races after the massacre \I n in the Io\·m of trivial skirmishes between Chinese men and small white boys who liked to tease them. For instance, it was customary for a group of Chinese men, when out for a stroll, to walk in single file. If the man at the rear harl something to say to the group, he said it to the man in front of him who in ~urn 1·epeatcd it to the man in front of him, and so the story 11•pnl tli,, length o f the line. The answer traveled back the line from man to mun in the same manner. The white boys watched their yellow neighbors nud lmrw ,1,Jicn the~' were likely to go out for a stroll in the evening. Then il1t• h,J_y.~ 11 t1t1ld tretch a wire tightly acrm;s the sidewalk at ankle height. ·w hen tbe l ine of stro!Jers reached the wire, the first man would trip and 1 r ~ r---~ .-- ::l ,.'.::::::) ~ r " ... - , , • ! _,; :, Yi ( ""7c arc respectfully, J. N . Corbin, Secretary, Executive Don.rd, l Tnion Pacific Employc1;." ~ome general agitation against the Chinese continued, but fl1is liad no effect us frn- as the company or its cmployes were concerned. ?ust before_ the massa<;re there we1·c 8-!<2 men working for the company m Rock SpTmgs, 290 of them wl1ite and 552 Chinese. By December 1st the1·e were 542 ~e11 working,.85 white and 457 Chinese. Coal punching machines had been mtrnduced, mercasing the production from 1 450 tons on August 1 Four retired Chinese Old Timers, Ah Jin, Joe Bow, Ah Him, and Ah Chee, who sailed for China November 11, 1927. �92 Hts TOilY oF UNION P ACIFI C Co.,1. MINES C HINESB RI OT ANO MASSACHE OF SEl' T EMBEII 2, 1885 . ,t of the single file of men, like a row of tenpins wo•ild fall ' un dd ti ic IAnot\ e~ . 1•1· d to pay 1 . ' ' - tnck the bovs 1 ,e \\' a s to fnrrhtcn ti, 1,. topp1e O\lrJI. '- 1 • , • c, e 't)i tlll'cnts of in i· ury to thc11· cues. Loss of the cue to t hn yelIow men w1 • • f I I ... • I. • ti old du"s meant dnmnation or t 1e sou . The white bov- C nnesc Ill le J II I . ." •• . lt·i·ousl" funnv to sec a ye ow mun 10ppmg about, squenlthougIt I ILup1 0 t ·' J • I ·1 I l . . t . ,1 .. " boy held to 111s cue w 11 e nnot 1c r >OY advanced th reut111" Ill erl'0I, II 1...11 ... • • cniuah .... with n knife • Tl Chinese us u rnce arc the pcrsonifica tion of cou rtes_y a nd will sbnrc 11 ~\ of their materials of livelihood for the uskin~. But it wns ,nuch more ex~iting and amusing for_ a g~·oup of _b oy_s t o p1lfor the food of u Chinese while a henchman occupied )us attentio~ JJl some m1111nc 1· cl,;cwhei·c. Some men haYe confessed stcnling, us boys, then· y ellow ncigltbo n ,' liquor, even thourrh thcv were ufrnid to drink it . Adults of the town frnwncd 011 nny pcstc-7"ing of the Chinese ~y the b oys.,;he invnri_ublc ~on111111 ncl to the youngsters was " L ~t the Cl~incs: ulo?e ! As rclation,,h_1 p,; bchl'ecn t_hc i·aces 11rcw mon:! fncndly with lime, it became the hnh,t fo r t he wl11tc veople° to ,·isit Chin1tto1m during r eligious celebration, at tll\.' Chine,c New Year nod to watch the rites 1tt the Joss House, to p artake n f the food nnd to witness the po.rnde of thL· D r.tg-on. l ndi,·idunl th1tt wns hn-iYen freely, • ' birthdays were not kept by the Chinese: nil members of t hL comn1 unih' c·clebratcd their birtbdnvs at the New Ycn r. This was the tinh . too,\\ hen debts were paid and nc11· ~lothcs were vurchascrl. The Chinese then do1111ccl tlwi1· finest silks to take pn1·t in the fcstiYities. All the homes wc1·t• d,·corah•cl, inside nnd out. The great Chinese D ragon, some ,;evcnty feet long a nd carrit•d b~• more thnn fifty men, was the principal attrnction of tht" Xt•11· Y ear cch•hration. It wns brought to R ock Springs in 189-!< by L an .\h Sny, more fumilinrly known ns Ah Say, manager of the Chinese miner:, and laborers 1tt Rock Springs and Almy . Ah Say first came to " ~yoming as n, contrnctor, furni ~hi.ng and ma11nginrr members of hi:- rnrt' for tbc Cc11tral Pnc!fic R ni_lrond when it wns being built from the con st to join the Union Puc1fic R ntlrond. 'When thnt work was completed, be established n conncetio11 wi~h Beckwith, Quinn nnd Compa ny nnd furnished the Chinese labor required by th11t Compnny. Ah Say used to wnlk at the hend of the Drngon p a rade. i\Ir. ,v. K. Lee, who knew Ah Sn y well rcc-nllcd the pa• • ' 1·aclcs. snymg: " It is easy for those of us who were here at thnt time to visunliY.c Ah Sny m;_nching ut the head of t he µa.r ude, walking cane in h:111 d, dres~cd n1 n brand new suit of American clothes, followed by lus J~cople ~~rryin~ large ffrecrnc"kers strung on poles. Then ~ame thr tc·aM•r rarrymg 11. bnmhou pole 011 which were two mulh-colorccl sq111u·es, which were rc,·olvccl immcrliat<:'lV in front of the Dragon to irritntc it and make it more feroci~us in the work of destroying the devils or evil spirits supposed to infest the town. Tlien followed n large n~mbcr of men arrayed in ancient Chinese 93 costume and carrying battle axes, spear s, swords, and other implements of Chinese warfare. These men were members of a secret society. :Vlcn beating gongs, c:-..-ploding bombs, and firecrackers, were scattered throughout the procession, and the din and racket was at times deafening." TJ1c Dragon was used Jnst in the Labor Day Parndc of 1907. l)('"'Cl'iuing Ah Say's death, i\fr. Lee said: " Ah Say died in F ebrnary, 1898, as he had lived, a real l'hincsc in cvc1'}' sense. The du.y befo1·c he died, he sent one of his 111en to the Conl Company's office, requesting me and some others to come o,·cr to sec him. We caJlcd on him at his house in Chinatown the next clny and found him arrnyed in n magnificent Chinese cost11m('. s usual, he 11·us Ycry hospitable. ,vhcn we arose to leave, he tnld \Ii> hi" would dit• thnt aftcmoon. His prediction came true, for in II comparntil'cly short spnce of time, that afternoon, one of the lioys tolrl ui, tha t Ah Sny had died. Ah Say was given nn elaboratr f11m•rnl by hi:. people and his body was returned to China for burial. Thus passed on T,no Ah Say, one of nature's noblemen." It ,1·n::. the custom of the Ch ines<! residents of Rock Springs to send the bone.., o f all their countrymen back to China for burial. Following t he -;crl'icc~ 111 Hod , Springs, there would be a temporar y burial in the Chinese n·111Ptt"r) . lurnted ne1irb_y. Food and gifts ,rnuld be placed on t he graves. l 'sually, 11 grnup of white boys, forgetting t he courtesies that had been shown tl1em by the Chinese nt th<! p1·cvious New Year, would make awa_v with the food. After the body hnd been buried for a time, friends o f the dcnd mun would disinter the remnins, scrape the bones clean, seal t hem in rl Hu, a ir-tight can, and ship them to China. ,\ nothcr well-known Chinese of the early days was L ao Chee. H e wns bol'II in Canton "P rovince und cnmc to America in 1880, at the ngc of 23, licgi11ning work as a miner for the lTnion P acific Railroad at Rock Springs. He went t lirou"h the riot of 1885, but was sufficiently fast on his feet to C'scnpc alive. R~turning to work after the exodus, he interested himself in the )iYcstock of the company, worked in the company barns, studied "horse doctoring" under an nblc veterinary surgeon, and by 1898 becnme foreman of tl1c bnrns. Lno was one of the charter members of The Union Pacifit· Coal Company Old Timers' Association when it was organized in ,Tune, 1925. At the organization meeting and first annual bnnquet of the A:.l>ociation on June 13th , h e wns the recipient of a signal honor, purporting to come from the country which he had left to seek his fortune in the New ·world. After the dinner was over and the program had begun, L ao Chee, who was more lovingly known as "Jim," was asked to stand. D avid G. Thomas, now white-haired, but nlwnys the friend "Davy T om" of the Chinese, went to the old yellow man uncl pinned on him nn immense badge hung with ribbons, and bearing the words "Just J im." Th~n ,Judge Thomas rend the following translation of an alleged cablegram which was ~upposed to have been received that day : 0 �94, H1sT0 1tY OF UNION PAcTF1c COAL MrN1::s ''Lao Chee, Rock Springs, 'I\' yoming. ''Pekin, China J , ' une 18, 1925. "Having heard of your r eputation as a horse doc tor d the United States, the Flowery Kingdom, through its p. a~d Surgcon in to acknowledge vour accomplishments, )'Our fam e a nd i·ei csti te_nl, desires •' • pu a ion I111 1• reached ns and made us very happy. ,i\Te hereby ucknow] d v ng derful gifts with a slight testimonial from us ,;,hich '1\li· e Dgc _Yotn· won. d . • . avy To , • nu t]1orize to present to you, t lus bado-c of honor na111 • 0 1·cl'. m is 0 ' c• er of tl • • d b • G reen D r~gon,_ ongmate y C~ufucius, c~rricd d<>wn by the .Min , ~e nasty, taken f1om them at the tune of theu ovcr-tlwow b , Dr S g ~JScn and now confcned_upon y ou, the greatest China m~n in. un ;at Should yon return to Chma, you will at once be appointed D t 01~lei icn. of onr Imperial Cavalry• "Quo Ll{! \ '\' TTa, oc cncral S ecr et fl ry of State.,, • It w~s nbc!H_t t hi1:1 ~imc that :\Ir. Eugene 1\foAul1rl e, P resident of Tl Uni011 Pacific Co,d Comn noy , conce·IHC . ~cl ti1c 1'd_en t l,111t 1.n . rdu r n I 'for • long years of _faithful service that many of the Chme~c, who were now old and grnr had given to thei 1· work . the compui;;: sl!,ould grnnt them the wish of ererr Chinese - the opportunity to o-o bn/k to their native la nd to die. ?\fr. :!\lcAuliffc went to S un Fra ncisco to confer with the Chinese ('onsnl nnd t o work out. plans for milking this drM!U fl reality. The plans wcrc completed, nnd endowments wer e established to keep the aged men in comfort fol' the rest of their lives. Nine men said thev wished to return. They were L eo Chimg, Ah Sung, Sing Lee, Joe Bow, Ah Sandy. You Kwong, Ah Fnn, Ah Chung, nncl Ah How. On the evenino- of November 11, 1925, the local union~ of the United :Mine ,vorkers of America gave a re~eption and banquet in the Grand C~ifc Lao Chee (Doctor Jim), the last m Rock Springs in honor of these rune of the old Chinese to return lo old men who were to leave later that Chin~. Jim is ')'et living in the night. That the enmities of the early days had been forgotten entirely . w~s Provrnce of Ca11ton, China. shown by the unanimity of the City 5 were represented b , th , . tribu_te to_ the old Chin~se. The miner~ sented by it y· .} P e office1s of their union The company was repre s ice i·esident and General M~nager, George B. Pryde. CHINESE RIOT ,\ND MASSACRE OF' SEPTEMBER 2, 1885 95 The City was represented by Mayor P. C. Bunning and the city band and Mr. McAuliffc sent a farewell message from New York City to the "China boys." Sincer e tributes were exchanged back and forth by the yellow men an<l the white. 'White men, now dignified in years, confessed the boyish p ranks they had played many years before on these old friends. The Chilh!sc spoke theiT thanks in their own particular brand of English, but in order ihat then: would be no mistake, they also presented a written expression of t hei1· appreciation to the unions, the company, and their other friends. These notes were written for them by some of the younger Chinese, and the English used was quite perfect. The nine old men were escorted on the train to San Francisco by H. J. Harrington, Superintendent of T,nbor for the company, and Frank Tallmire, the Coal Company's A urli l c,r. One of the a musements of the white men on the trip was the loud protestation rni.scd by Ah Sandy ove1· the spending of money for entertainment. The company was furnishing the mon( ey, but Ali Sandy was not one to enjoy seeing it wasted. This little yellow man was more Scotcl1 than the burriest "Geordie" that ever came out of the highlands. His true name was not Ah Sandy. Because of his saving habits, that name had been conferred on him by a true Scot, Vice P1:esident Ge01·ge B. Pryde. - After a day and night of sight-seeing in San Francisco, t h e m en passed quickly through the revenue· inspections because the wav bad been made easy by their white escorts. They sailed on the President Tnft on November 14th. The four Old Timers shown in the picture, made in China, reading from left to right; are: Leo Ong, who entered ou,r service in 1898; Leo Yon (How), who also entered the service in 1898; Lao Chee (Jim. Chee ), who came to the Company in 1880; and Leo Yick, who came in 1897, or 43 years ago. Joe Bow had told his Rock Springs friends that he had "batched" long enough and that when he anived in China he e)..-pected to get a wifo who could look after him and "cook heap plenty, pletty good." Within so: months he sent a photograph of himself and his wife with her e1even-yearo1d son. He bad passed up the young women who might have been "heap sassy." He had married a widow who was old enough to appreciate a man who had a lifetime endowment. �96 HISTORY OF UNION P AC IFI C COAL M INES Four more old "China boys," us the ' call d h by the company to the lanc.1 of ti . . ) e . t emselves, were r eturned men were Ah Jin, Joe Bow Al H'1e11 a~cestors m November, 1927. Thes 1 cclcb~·u,tion thnt had prec~de~ th~m;.e~:rn~~ ~: ~\ !he ~ume kind of publi; he]? rn R ock ~prings for these old men. 'i\' ith1e is~ n11~e yellow men Was Chu~esc to the11· homes no Chinese work in un ' 11 etu~n of the old-time Pacific Coal Company today Fo. . .) t le mines of The Union there remained much .bittc rn~ss b \n_1un.)• t~car1 _ttftc1· the Chinese "riot" but time, with its healing influence c":~:~~ 111 ~ '1\: ll~e andd t~c yellow races, 'b ' t J c 11111nntc tl11s attitude. :It Joe Bow, the new Mrs. Bow and her son in their new home in China Ti1_ne passed on until came the \Yo1·ld " 7ar, and one day, when troops were b~mg assembled all over the tinited States, R ock Springs, in common w1~h. other parts of our country, was sending its quotn to the different tramrng centers. In one of the detachments sent to Americttn Luke 7 ,~ ashington, was a number of the desccndunts of those who hnd partici~ pated in the attack on the Chinese in 1885. In the number also was Lao Hung. a Chinese whose relatives had been the victims of the white man's wrath. After the tmining period was completed, these Rock Springs men were sent to Frnnce as pn1·t of the Ninety-First Division. Lao Hung was nssigm•d as cook. but declined the job. n •mnrking, "I no cook. I fight snmc ns white boys." So. fighting i.idc by side in the trenches with the white boys from Rock Springs was Lao, nll fighting for a common cause. I.no lost one finger and was shot in the forearm. lVith the close of hostilities, the survivors r eturned to Rock Springs, t he white boys to work in the C HINESE R10T ,\NJ) MASS \ Cllf:: OF SEl'HM UER 2, 1885 97 mines, Lno to take up his business of managing the Grand Cafe. All, includin rr Lao, arc members of the Amel'icun Legion, a nd nt one of their meetings some time ngo. Lao was invested with the Order of the Purple H eart, a militnr_y deco rntion fo r brnvery. Lao's comrades swear by hlm, nnd he rcciprocid c:. lhn t feeling when he says, "Melicnn soldier boy pletty good fella, hC'a p ,: in ' \.\ lig}1t.'' Out of the comradeliness of danger shared in the '\\"oriel '\Va1· I r~·m·h, , . 1111• \\ rongs done his fellow countrymen by the white miners lrnvc Lc·rtt wi ped 011t for Ln,o. For the other Chinese, also, the long ycnrs of quiet living, Occidentnl alongside Oriental, have performed the ~nme henling office, blurring the memory of the September, 1885, mas:mcrc, nnrl the soft nosed bullets puffing up spurts of dust on every side of fl1c fleeing, frightened Chinese. Flag .,howing the service stars of the two hundred and /artr-f our employes of The Union Pacific Coal Company who serned during the World War. Ten are ~lt,c gold stars of _men who made the supreme sncn/1ce._ 011 Memorial Day we remember again ~ht• lter~ism of th~se. The original of tliis flag 1s_ now in ti,<' lccepmg of The State Historical So. cicty at Cheyenne. This copy hangs in the library of the new Headquarters of The Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, Wyoming. �ALMY. T HAT GR CHAPTER VII. Almy, That Grew and Waned, Going Out in 1900 Tells in a short stor,, of the rise and fall of Alrn,,, which. as Senalor Ingalls 011~'; said of ((an.~as, "promised well in f !'ne but paid poorly in Sep/ember, where 11ww fires. squee=es and explos1011s. cotiplcd with labor troubles ancl the loss of lite Central Pacific Railroad's f uel ortlcr lo Utah ,nines, reduced tlrn f icld to one of innoc~1ous desuetude. L1\1Y lms one of t he most tragic histories of nil the towns that proA . duccd coal for the Union P acifi c Uailroad. P erhaps no othcl' town in ~Vyoming lrns laid down its banners, disgorged its population, un<l hecome a ghost town with ns plentiful stores of coal left in its ,vomb as AlmJ. Labor troubles aud race conflict marred the pence of t he ill-s tarred settlement, and fi1·es and explosions helped to force tlic closino· of her mines, when thc:v lost H1e Central Pacific Railroad Cot11 p:11rv fi~cl order to tT1e lTtah mines. • The Benr Rivci· valley seemed an ideal location for nddit ion1U sources of coal fo~· the rnilroad that wintry morning in 1868 w h1.-11 Thoma:-. Wardell, pushrng westward from Rock Springs, stumbled 011 tl,c site. The drive to complete the rnilrond was not vet ended, a nd " ' a rdt•II was hastening to build up a uew mine settlement before all the trncks ~houlcl be laid. Beginning nt n point three miles north of E,·nnston and co11tin11i11,,. nol'thward fol' six_ miles, i~nme11se outcrops of coal running nearly para~ !cl to the valJcy, wc1·e cnsily traced. ,y urdcll was sa.tisfi etl with the pro:,;pect afte1· a curso ry investigation, and rnshcd a crew of workmen to the site. In February, 1869, there began the opening of thl' first mine, the Wyoming 1\line. • The prospects for the new town were cxccption11lly bright. Sca1·cl•l.,· ho.~ the miners started the first. slope before they found that they had a thirty-foot. sea1n of coal to work. They droYe room~ twenty feet high, halting their upward digging only whdn they cnme to a b~nd of rock. ~he town took its name from T. ,T. Almy, an early-day Superintendent for the Roc_ky l\Iount.ain Con! C'ompan_y, which product'd coal for the Ct'n!rnl \ac1fic Railrond in this aren. 1\1ines were opened rapidly in every sect.1011 of land along the outcrop of tl1e bia vein, the mines on the sections ownecl by !-he 1~nion Pacific Railroad prgducing coal for that railroad, HQO the_ nnnes ~n G_overnmt>nt sections being operated by the two co~I eompnmcs WUJ•krng for the Central Pacific Railroad, the Rocky ::\fountmn Coal Company having been succeeded in 1870 b:v the Rocky Mountain Coal and hon Company. P1·ivatt' indiYiduals tilso opened mines rm Gove1·nmcut territory. 98 99 EW ,No WtNED GoTNG OuT 1N ]900 ' ' , . D . River valley was a beautiful setting for The wid~ and f~rt'.lel a~~~t the mines dotting the valley for several the home.s wluch clu:te1elc . l d ·ts own Jittle town, but all the towns !en o-th • Eac i mrnc i miles o £ ·t I s • b ·t 111f t he snme settlement, A\ I mY· A 5 ti1 e 0 Id reO'!ll'ded themselves as n. pat o d the town moved steadily up the b l cd and new ones opene , . miiteS we1·e c os . • . . l their families trailed along, putting up n~w valle.)', and the m1ne r:s a ncl . some deep way to the verv soil. r O' themsc vcs roo·t ed Ill • d~ b houses iwd fee ioe, 1• I . cl ·table Michael Quealy, who ha cen vVilliam Hinton unc ~ ie rn om1 f 1 at the opening of the first Superintendent and r, t B oss, resAlpec i v7 y,1 869 to open a mine of their . C b • 1868 wen t to my JO • mine Ill a1: on m, r 1-Livino- no machinery , they hauled the coal out own,. the Hrnto11 :\ rnel. e,d ·t " nd then conveyed it by team. to f I • ·ne w1tli o wrse iw ca1 .. . d • ht o t te1r nu ·l ' . H . sold it to the settler s. This mine, locate e1g . F"1~1~t~n,, ".J;1~ort\~-' of t he Wyoming :O,fo1c, continued to operat~ unt_1l {~~4 '.\,1i~ \he Rocky Mountain Coa~ a nd Iron Compau! holed rn:::l from below. Not a t nil discou raged, Hmton a nd Qu~aly p1 omptly ?P . their second miite. which they called the l \Tinds~r i\lrne. ~n 1815 this mrne · t the h,rnd:; of :u r. \~Tindsor, t he man foy whom 1t was named, but pttsscc:I m o d'd 1· t' • • tl Some of the nllhouo·h he installed 14 l111i,;l in it, he I i t ie rnnung ter e: mine'. ~mtill out put was pcd<lJed to the settlers along Dear _River a_nd B ~ar Luke nod the l'('sl' 11•ns hauled to Evanston b y team. A Umon_ Pacific mme holed into it in J871, ending its uncert ain and not too lucrative career. First in the Almy field, the Wyoming Mine, was taken over by the Union Pacific Railrnad in March, 1874, at the same time that VV nrdell was reUeved of his control of all t he company's other coal properties, and ID' £ • • ,~ • . ~e-, ~ • • f -e ~ t .. ' On~ of the two sets of sacred vessels used by Chinese Priests in the Joss !louses in th.e old days at Almy and Rock Springs. When the Chinese were se11l honie they presented one set lo Mr. Pryde and one to Mr. McAulilfe. �100 HISTORY OF U NION PACIFIC COAL h NES l\I. "r· Serat wns sent to Alm,v to take O\'~I" the w~rk of Supcrinll'tldent. In the following year gol> fires l>rokc ou t 111 tltc m111e,_ut~<l it wu:, closccl. The high cost of mining the coal was unotltcr factor in its closing, us it cost a dollar to mine each ton of 2,000 pounds. l\loney had n definite value in thnt day. Other mines operated by the Coal D epartment of the Union Pacific R ~ilroad Compa ny ~n tl_1c Almy ar~a w~re N o. Four, opened 1875 and d osed after un explmnon m 1888 winch k1llcd two fii·e bosses nnd tl1c two boys who we1·c wo1·king with them; No. Three, opened i11 1880 nnd nbundoncd in i\luy, 1887, because of a squeeze ; nnci 1'.' o. S l·\·en, opened in 1888 and closed in ~Iuy, 1900, d ue to the destruc tion of thl' ti pple, by fire, and also becuuse of the poor quality of the minc's output. The railroad's records for 1869, the year thut the ,Almy 111i11cs were first opened, show that this district produced 1,967 tons of conl. In the next t en years they mined 390,068 tons, and from tha t t i111c on the production conti1111cd to incrense, like a giant snowball , unlil, a t lhe tinu• when the mines were finnlly closed in 1900, the Union r ncitic minl's hurl produced a t Almy 2,750,834 tons of coal. As hns beeu noted. Iii-cs and e~plosions cnuse<l the closing_ of many mines _in the aren.. AU Ihe AJmy 1mnes produced much explosive gns, and then· con) w ii,, l>Usccp tiLlc t o spontaneous combustion to 11 serious degree. The people ui Alm y did no t have explosive temperaments to match the coal they mined, and °they had no heart to dare the fire-trnps that the mines then proved to be. Labor troubles also disturbed the pence of the town for seYernl years, w11ile _tl1e railroad fough t against the increa ·ingly indep endent attitude of the miners, who were tasting the pleasant fruits of hiirb wn"'es and sho1·ter b o • d. I10urs, 1111d were fin mg for the first time the vas t untried sb·cn•rth of unionization. In 1870 Chinese labor was introduced a nd used with success until the Chinese Riot of 1885 in Rock Springs. The l-icntimcnt ug ainst the _yellow race was bitter enough thereafter to force the railroad to discontinue t•mploying all Orientals in the Almy mines. The nationalities in AJmy in the _yenrs following 1885 ,., were English sp eaking for the mos t part. although a large number of Finns who had come over from the old country worked in the mines. 'l'he religious needs of the town were ministered to by the Lutter Day Saints Church, the Presbyterian Church, and the Lutheran Church. The first school was taught by William Beveridge. The first phJ.sicinns to treat the Almy townspeople were Dr. W. A. Hocker and D r. F. H. Harrison, who lived in Evanston. The first CHARLES ~JORGAN resident physicians in Almy were Dr. GillFirst employed at Almy in ingl,am, the Union Pacific R ailroad doctor, 1883. and D r. Gamble, the R ocky Mountain Con.I ALl\rY, THAT GREW ANO W ANED, GOING O UT TN 1900 101 nnd Iron Company doctor. The records sl~ow that other supcri~tcndents iu Alm y in addit ion to i\I. W. Sernt , mcluded J. JC. Graff, Reuben Fox, " ;·' T. Ramsey. and ,Tames llowns. The Outside Foreman and material clerk was VV. K. Lee, who later was transferred to the company's hendquartcrs in R ock Springs as Purchasing Agent. W hen the last mine al A lmy, No. Seven, was closed, the homes which the comp any had buil t for its men and their families were moved bo~ily to Spring Valley a nd to Cun,berlnnd. Only the rock dumps and the piles ,.f burned slack a rc left as present-day r eminders that 11 town once lived, breathed and bad its being up in the Bear River valley. In later years John Martin, A. E. Brudbury and George E. Pexton, all now passed away, a cquired lenses frnm T he Union P acific Coal Compa ny and the Union 'Pacific Ilnilroad Comp a ny near Evanston, mining coal under the n?-me of the Ile11r River Coal Company. This company subsequently acqmred the holdin "'<rs of the Rocky l\Iountain Coal and Iron Company, continuing • to mine conl in u smnll way for years. �. C Ml' THAT NEvE1t 0,.vt; 1.0PED " H 1sTORY GR ,ss Cnr.F.K. Tll f. CHAPTER Vlll. Grass Creek, The Ca111p That Never Developed a History Tells ho!(I l}auid G. Tf1om_a.~. at tlw age of llce 11ty-tlm:e openrd u t e Company s first coal 11n11l' w Utah in 1880. which ll'{IS lvrutcd in ti! ieart of a Jl/ormon srtllemr11t, a coal field that li11gu,•d Ofl ;11 a ~mall w~y. after the railroad. withdrew at the end of sPre11 'J'l'ur.5 of ~tm • fin" 1 :::;_'"Jt"[ aud a soft fire clay floor. How Mark A. /la 1111a. t<'lto 0 g ~e t 1e great 0/uo coal producing company lJ t Ji11111 t (. with larg,• intnests ;, [ Ii • • cl b ' • • • !" L u .. f , l d /f'" I/" 1/ K~ ce 11avrga~,on an anks. and rl'ho 11omr1111tetl ,11,r/ 1 , ran_, c LIi ey as Presulent, closed out Crass Cret'/. ,,.. 11 lo.,inl( e ec e venlur; a_ler 1 1t had produced but 271,960 to11s. It was at (:ru.,, Creel t hat I atnclr I• Quealy. of whom more is said elsewlr,•rc. r,1111 1• to ti,; C om.pony. 1af;, i t J~ ~1i c "~tmmcl' of _1880 the Coal D cpnrtment of the l ' niun P ncilir . tu i·oa, sent David G. 'l'homus, who was then twenty-thl'CC ,·cui·i- old. 1 with a crew of twenty men to n section of its undcYelop~d lane! iocnled in Utah. They stopped at a spot three miles from E cho, in Sulllmit County whcl'c outcropp111gs of c_oal hud bcC'n scC'n. \Yilliam B('nn. no,1 l'etil'cd iind a mcm~~!- of. the Old T1mcn;' _-\ssociation,_ tells l~ow th(' mine camp was named. Because the grass grew so plcnbfully 111 t-he canyon bottom" Benn rcpor~s, "we called our camp 'Grass Creek'!" And rightly named tl~e cump was, md 7ed ! The grnss was_ lush and tull, so that a man wnlking th_rough the thick, green stand of 1~ wus buried well up to his thighs. Tlw mmc there developed produced qmtc faYornbh· in 1881. but the future seemed most uncertain becu.usc of 11 bad n1inc tto'or. An cxccptiona! nmount of w~tcr made_ the fire-clay floor hca,·e, and it wus necessary to <;end men into the mmc every night to lower the bottom of the haulngewn_\s. ~umes Tisd~l, then Ge_ncrnl Superintendent of the C'onl Department, workmg under his brother-m-luw, D. 0. Clark, Gt•ncrnl :\lanngcr, came to Grass Creek to superintend the beginning of the mine und to direct the expansion of the tiny settlement. The compuny built about forty houses for its workmen and their families, the majority of whom were Scotch, English and '\Velsh. There were also a number of Chinese working at Grass Creek when the mine opencd, but within fiye years the Chinese Riot at R ock Springs swt>pt all the Chinese from the Yicinity in the flood of race resentment and bitterness that followed the massacre. B y the end of September, 1885, there was not a single Chinese among the miners in Grass Creek. The Grass Creek settlement never awoke to consciousness of it self as u community, and it failed completely to eYoke uny of the loyal spirit in its 102 )03 •, .. . . arlicst dnys, hnd been able to quicken residt•n ts l111tt old C'1u:uo~1, l'' .~:~. 111 its'~here was ·a :-,i nglc schoolhouse and Ju . I the l\loi·mon Chu 1·c 1 • 111 its c1,1iens. . 1 organir. ··etl churc·1 group, , singe . t' " . • the schoolh<Jusc. 'l'lte ;\lorinons held their mec mo:, in . relative of David G. t Gonlt.'l' 'l'liomu:- ( no ll • t d en t of the .. nd Supenn en Tlwn11i:,) became till' :-.tto I l l. in the po. JI 1' b ti 1er ' l'rnn ,-uccc<'C ec lllll ' ' •• 11t1m•,. I l until the mine " t·o .;ition and renudnccl ~ u1wnn 1l'm en f cti,·it' .) • . 188,..1 ttffr1• 11111 \' ., ,., en yell l'!-. o ll c Io,t•rI 111 ft fire• • • • I ti · 11 lt•1· "ithin the nH111·. togdhcr wit 1 ,c stu f \\ · • • ti •os o p1·0·I 11 , (1001· had lwcn ,lt-11llil\' n11:-.1ng ic c , t ' ' • • • • the .G rass• ·,1 · 111lil the c..'\'.pt•ll~l' of . . m111ntn1nmg-.111 view 1Iu< 1011 l of Cn·d, cn111p bel'1t1t1c proh, 1uti,·c~ ~11orc :-.o d the fnd lhnt brtter mining co nd1t1ons C'ould be- foun d,c,, here nlonrr the mute of lhc rnill'oad. In n i:Pport :\ltt n G T11 0,1 \S u111cl<· to Ch1u·J~,., F . .Adnm,;. L'n•,idl'nt of the R;tlro~d ' • • • Compnn,•. nt the din•d ion ol \ I. ..t\ . Hnnntt, ovci n. • · '-'88 ·t • no I l th ll the cost of Grass d 1 111 Dircl'lor d lltl n11lroacl, 111 lo cl , f 1 '·1 H 1~ l --) 1)'j per ton urCrl't•k l'OIII lilt th, rnilroncl l':tl'... l"Ullg'l' J'Olll ~ -< ., _ I ) ' - · · . f . rr ti in" llw H •nr, of jt, opcrntiun, 1111d during the la-,l liH• yen.l's o its I e 1c . min,· lo,.,f ~ !()., I" r ton. Ccrl.1i11 ol h<'r fad,- disclt,,l'cl in the r<'port \\ere: . •·The output for the lu~t- five ycn rh is 167,596 tons, of \\luch 130,l0li t 011 ., \\ en· ,-old to tht> t ·nion P acifi~ Railroad C~mpnny, anti the 1·c111nini11g a7,1-90 tons m,ed for '\'Ul'JOus commcrc1nl purpo...e-.. "(_ I ,,-;.4,,cf to 1·011$trud im1 account of the fi,·c ycnrs abo,:e not,d . ~~.fi.'ii' 08. T!:c account-, Dcc1:rnbcr :n, 1887, show a debit 1·l1 HJ.,• ,.., ,1 ,-.,f thc 111inc of $6:3,9:2-L8:.?. The map of the work:ngs show-.. llu•:, 1ll'l' quill• c:d1•nsiYe, with ,-even lift entries, cxtcncling aL1111t :LOO() f,.-t on one i-i<lc and 1,-1-00 feet 011 the other." All l'l'J)orl" except one spcnk of but one mine ut Grass Creek, but two mines arc mc1tlio11t.'CI bl'icfl_v in the report fol' the year 1891, mnde by G. " '· :\h•gcath, S1qwri11tc11cle11t, to S. H. H. Clark, First Vice President o.nd Gcnt•rnl M1111ngcl'. His l'cport rends: " The two mines which were opened in Sections 23 and 2J nt Gruss Cl'eck, l:tnh, wci·c abandoned und nil buildings and mn.cl~inc1·y removed in 1887. '!'he con) w1LS of n good quality, and the nuncs were nbnndoncd solely on account of wntcr and excessive cost of mining. There is a smo.11 pocket of coal located near No. 2 Mine whid1 is being operated under lease br Gomer Thomas and fot'. which the comptlny is receiving roynlt)• at the rate of b~·enty-fiv<' cents per ton. The receipts during the year 1891 amount to $736." ~rnss Cl'cck yet produces a small tonnage of conl from two small op~mngs. Located ns it is in o. rich agl'iculturul region, it never could g1un the appdation, a "ghost town." 11 • , l l ~ h • �TwrN CREEKS, WmcH STARTED 1N A BRAWL 105 CH1U>TER IX. to establish Union Pacific interests the1·e, only to find the premises already occupied. Several year s later he wrote of his experiences: Twin Creeks, Wlrich Started in a Brawl "I found a man by the name of Negus, r~presenting wh?-t was known 115 the P acific Short Line, in possession of coal claims at T"'io Creeks. I found there, a lso, John and Jesse Bell, who, s?me years before. had locntcd a tunnel a~d driven ~ome sixty feet 1~ a ten-foot vein of cord, on the north side of Twm Creeks, oppos1te where the camp was est ablished. " On the second of April, I camped with the Bell Brother~ and talked with them about the conditions there and the owne1:sh1p of the mines. After examination of the prospects, they advised me th11 t they hnd mac le claim on 640 acres in conjunction with twc Tells oj anol/,er small camp tl,at yicltfed but l 15.897 Lons of coal • its short lije of less than four years. 1111d wl,ic!, was ope11ecl by Patrick Quealy, a gallant ,you,'.ig ,lrislwwn. with a County Clare brogue, who fate; became one of Wyomwg s greatest flock masters. bunkers and coal mining 'urs, opening the Kemmerer coal mining jield with tlic Jinanci1 I 1:11trcpre11< help of Jllr. Jllahlon S. [(crnmerer, joiu1ili11g the t/,riving City of Kemmerc ; Tfl•yoming, wul wl,o once ·'walk1•cl a l,undretl •yards tlirough dri/tin"0 51101;, and sagc- brush, u target for six rifLes." if ATHICK ,J. (~U EAL't was little lllor c thun ho., \l'lw11 he ca to Ame-rim lo work wit h his three older brnthers in thl' coal 1ni1w,., at n~P vicr, l\Iissouri. fin e 1ooking young fellow, with strnng ,rnggcstion of a a tt 11 tl' tliL brogne of County Clil,t·c, Ireland, in his voice. .An ordin1n_v Juel, it would seem, but his three brothers, '!'homos, .l \lichad. nnd L tw renn·. scnsc-d llllusuul <1nnlitics in him- disc retion, shrewdness bc,·ond l1is n.n'e and cour. 0 age. They <lL•cided to mnku him tltc gcntlcmnn of tlt t: family. Youna Put!·ick should 1mn~ u11 education, if it took their lnst ccll't. It wns : good rn\'cstJn~nt for the three brothers, for Patrick was to mnkc tlw fortunes of the entire family. The Qucalys' inn:stment was later to brin«T dividends to the Union Pacific llailro~d us wdl, for Patric k with his native i11tdlige!1cc and his trained ~usiness acumen 1vns to SCl'Vc the company long llnd fo1thfully. Be that as 1t may, Patric k wc11t to a business school at Quine)', Illinois, and immediately on his rrraduahon h e began custino· about for :.1, job in the ti~ld where he had 1·ec"::i.n:d his early e.x perit:"ncc ar~d where his hrothers ~ontuiued to work. In Juuc, 1878, he became Assistant Superinth~ Seattle Co~l.and •~runsportation Comp,~ny's mines at New tcn<lent C'ustle, " ushmgton. H e v1s1tcd lus brothers at Carbon 111 December, 1880, n~d while _there a~c,epted the offer of D. O. Clark to become Superjutendcnt of the _Union Pacific Coal Department operutions at Grass Creek. His career with the Union Pacific hud begun! of The following March, Clark came out from Omaha and directed ~u~aly to examine and make a report on coul deposits in the vicinity of Twm Creeks, north of Evanston. Clark ancl Quealy went to Evanston, where they were met by A. C. Beckwith, the store operator, and the t)u·ee men r~de through deep sno"~ along Bear River and Twin Creeks to the llct"kwith rnnch for a ten day vacation before Clark's return to Omahn au d Quenly's ?eparture for rl'win Creeks. It was planned that the Twin Creeks eo~l mmes would ful'llish fuel for the Oregon Short Linc Railroad, th cn ncarmg completion. On April 1, 1881, Quealy arrived nt Twin Crc-rks 104 PATRICK J. QUEALY Flock master, banker and coal operator other men, and that this man, Negus, had jumped their claim, and suggested that they would like to have assistance from the Union Pacific Coal Department. They made me a proposition to give us a half interest in their coal claims if we would aid them in 1·egaining possession of the tunnel and other property. "I advised them that the U nion Pacific Coal Department would not likely want any partners, and \Yanted to know what the_v would take for their half interest in case we became interested. �106 HISTORY OF UNIO N PACIFIC COAL MINES Tw1N Cn1m1<s, \V1-11CH STARTED t They set a price of $10,000. A conditional contrnct wns e t . into with t hem by myself, duly executed , subj ect to confo·;a~~~d 11 by 1\:fr. Clark." Mr. Quealy wasted no t ime in going into action once th ment was signed. He hired some friends of the Bell Bi'·others wel ngrc1:• t I1at section, • . ,eve•·,, ' io Wer e trappers 111 a n d, Q ue1t1y 1U1d J cssc Bell leading '. man's • ) • • • d I . ' I111n on Ius gun, t te grtnt company n s1te t i e ,·a1·101ts pro:.pect · 11nd drove out the Negus men without a single shot being fired The fiii·"' . . • e111n11 it rather nggressn·c fellow, according to 1\lr. Queul_v's 11t· count, staved dow~ in n hole, motionless and silent. • a . :'f re. you stuying there, or nre yo'.1 gctti ng out ?" ,J essc Bdl asked Ihc foreman got out. L 1 the meantime the ot lw r me11 wc1·c . t·unvin down the_ cnnyon, and th_c Quealy-Bell forces fou nd I hcmsch c:, in complct~ nnd u11d1sp11ted possession . :;\ l r. Q~cal_v was, howc\"er. a keen judge of me11. He knew that the Negus faction was not ren<ly to quit. R eturning hastily to Ev1t11ston, he wired the contents of the t·on t l'il.cl to :;\Jr. Clark and rct\cived a confirmation of the terms. Then, on in,, trnd ions from the R nilroad company, he went to Almy, where he proc11 rcd irn outfit of ten miners, tools, and equipment, proceeding to Twin Cr eek,, with three teams of horses curryiug the incn and mn tcrinls. R e relates : 111111. " U pon my return to cnrnp, I found iir. Ncgus had got in touch with the Bell brothers nnd offered them $25 ,000 fol' the same deal we had. I scattered my men oYer the hills pros pecting and sent It messe11gc1· to Enrnston, sugg('sting t o the rnilroad company thut, if they wanted u~· -to cnfon·c: the confruct, they send some eight 01· ten· more rcliubl~ inen. • N \ BRAWL ' 107 . r ·u . g roup offered t o begin . . - s covering the Bells. Ne1 1e1 e cam s. Matters conguns on thendknee o'i·ds were exchanged between thd · n t1e Union Pacific tTt' s an no w - d" • was ren Y 1 ~~:u~~ ~: 'st1tnd at nn impnsset u:lt11·1 Q1::11y recalls the scene thus: b gan to en, • i , • • t.ent nnd the men c . I d to invite the 13ell · F tc and I decic c t th " ~\ fler c<rn~ultat1on, 00 d' . 'fhe" came over o c • • • for mnci. ·' d lk d Tirothl'l'" to t'Ollll' iu1cI JOtn u s . , onl m e . I W!'n t out. a n wa e tent, Rl ood oub i<le, a nd w~~l1/~~ugeftion, l\ hunrlrcd ya rds, ~vh~~ off into the sage brnsh on c on on thei1· clni,m,, t h<!y ,, o? • t · tion 1 i.£ " ·c putanymc the,· threntenec . a·1 "t that was my ms ., f I ndv1sc t 1en1 ti1.... • 1· I t uc d make u tnrget O Ill~, a. with the r c:mll that WC (. IC so, an that we were go111g to o so, lllld • d " no shots were fi re • , • 1 . tf t .. . Qucnl\' had l·nllcd the B ~lls bu a 'fhc l rouhlt· wn,, ovc:1 , j\J 1.'l'l :1·or th tl11• Gnion Pac ific Coal Dewon. icncc · b u t w}1e thc1· . • f l ite 1->ro]Jt·rhes, the n.sk o1· J11•s t·•' t·c, nn d hnd ·I oned pos!>essw 11 o t pnrtment wn . in u11ciuc,- , . , , ; ,:ofitablc n :m11ineu a nother matter ye thci-c propertie,- w1•rc• to p 1 o, c 1. . I ·t u11 t l11• Twin Creeks pros· • I t . d J 11 , 11. Q •1lv's o rl"tllll rep o1 • • Ill!• • 'd ,:,. blc qua.ntil ,· of coa l t her e, but t 1. n tu he dec1cle • ·a there was II com,) Cl a . I h snt . I' q un.11·t)' • D cs1)il c lbi:<' i.i nce the coa wns;• prd .,t 11ns .~. rctnn• "' "t c and CJ f .m 1·C l'IO • . • d l ti c co·tl w•1s u~N1 m the engines o1 needed, two mlin~-,l 'rH•n: o~~~1~': 11 . f~~~hh·1min;d tl~e coo l made fairly good the Orc~on .. 1m ,mt:. . •. t· d ven under a en inc foci, but it was so frngile that i t would nots ~~ up, e . . "dl mi7iimum of handling, ancl it could no.t be stored, d1s tntegr dt1~\g. ~~P•. into s1nck. Consequently, the two mmcs that were openc 1c1e \\e1c ! "On the fo11owing Snturday night, Frunk Foote, .Andy Schoonmaker, George Fotbes, Tip Blanchard, Frnnk H uff, George Owens, and some other s, all of whom were either conductors or engineers , except irr. Foote, cnme out full_y equipped. They sent a message to me t hat they woulc! meet me in " 7 ushakie Canyon at the station now known as K.ugget, on the Oregon Short Line. I met them at 12 o'clock at night. Finding tht•m asleep, I held them ull up and made t hem fed that they were poor warriors." The Bells <lid not stny bought and on the next morning, which was Sundu_y, Mr. Quealy -prepared for a sho,,·down. It wns snowing as he or· ganii-:ed his men and hitched up the horses, and ~he snow half-muffled tl;1 sound of tl1" wngons ns they rumbled up to Twm Creeks, where the Br Brothers were camped. i\Ir. Quealy stopped some distance from the tent. The Bells were waiting for the imnding party, in spite of the sno~, sta nd ing in front of their tent with six men around them, their rifles pnmed ;n resting in the crooks of t heir right arms. Andy Schoonmaker 11nd ~ rt lnborers got out of one of the U nion P acific wagons and set abo~t pit\;1 ing a cook tent, while the Bells watched and covere? the .proceedings t;eir their rifles, while t he Quealy reinforcements sat m theu· wagons, d Hunting in the old days �108 Htsronv o, UN10N P,,c,nc CoAL f tNES TwtN CnEEi<s, W111cH T\ltTED IN A Bn,,wL 109 closed :in 1885, only four ycnrs ~ftcr the Union Pncific Coal D epnrtmcut first denlt itself a winning hand in the controversy. notify Mr. Clark 1tnd give him iun I t· b t ion except that I• must Pc imc cfore tendering my rcs1gna t·1011. " The. first Superintendent nt ~he_ cump wns _Richnrcl _Sutton, who hnd charge of nil operations both ms1de ~nd outside the 111mes. H e was succeeded by William Matthews ns Sup:nntenden_t. nnd_ by G. S_. Pierce ns Outside F oreman. There wns very little maclnucry 1n the n11nc-s, all work being done by hand, the coal h~ndled by meuns of gn~\'it)'., but production was in the neighborhood of fifteen hundred tons daily, 111 !-pite of hnndicaps. The town wns small and life was simple there. A town cons btble nnmcd Mnhoney was the sole representative of luw and orrlC'r. Its 011 Jv store was the Bcck,rith-Quinn Store, with Dann Little ns it ,; ~1,rnug-e;·, The entire domestic water supply came from n tH' ni-by :-pring. .\ 11 old timer, who lived at the camp, relates: Mr. Quenly wen t to Omnhn immediately but once tlict·• 1 1 , • d I r· •' e, 1c 1cs1latc<l e time before he mn c t 1e mnl move thnt wns to cut I • ff f sOln . . I , I lllll o rom a eonnectwn with t 1e cornpnn) t uit he had served 50 faithfully d ll1 hnd treated him s? well. H e t:ndered h)s resignation, at la~t,.a~o i\;~.~ Clark. "to take . died at nny,,time H thntI 1t would lie convenient f01. .,,,r lv.1r. Clark to appo1n_t a succes 01;, c was ater_ to ch ronicle the embnl'l'nss• 1ll l'nt thnt was his. when :\[ r. Clark accepted his resignation nt oncc, nd vising him thnt 110 hmc was 11_cc:ess1t1·y. In the latter part of September, Mr. Joe Shinfclcirr look m't' r fi-0 111 i\Ir. Quealy the Coul Company's work in )Iontnnn, nnn ti ll' adn•nhu-er wns free to go into business for himself. In 189-1-, he obtn i ll l' cl I hl· financial backing of l\Ir. i\[ahlon S. Kcmmrrcr, nnd begnn l'lw ~ll•1·c·lo_111nent o f the• K~mmerc_r c~al field, founding the City of Kemmerer. 111 w111c h he was to live until Ins dcnth on Novembe,· 17 ' 1930. "There were close to 400 employcs in the mines and n popu l L tion of 1,500 in the camp, most of the men being Engbli . . cotd 1 or Irish. Every morning there were fights- mostly bct\1 t•cn I l,e lnst-nnmcd nntionnlity-nnd it is safe to state that whi,.1-<'Y 11 11 -; nt tl1e bottom of every scrap. After the encounter the mt11 would get up, shake hnnds, go to their brenkfnsts, nnd then to tlwir jobs." Wit~ the closing of the mines, the town folded up quietly into the su1Tot~nrung coun_try. The four years of its pioneer life, the ~di\'ity of the ~mes, the boisterous fights, the d rinking and the homenmkinrr · hnd left little ~1ark on the properties after the houses had been mo~~d to Rock ?prmgs _and the men trnnsferrcd to other mining towns. Mr. Quc~ly s splendid work at Twin Creeks had com·inced the Con\ Company • tiie f o11owmg • years to m·rn y places where • o f 1m mlue' nn<l he was sent Ill •t 1 wlntstnekcesls nry to secure sound obsen-ntious and the c~m-pletion of diffi cu ns ·s. n 1882 he I l d h" b t h . C ' te pe is ro er, Tom, de,·elop 1Iines Nos Four an d F 1ve at arbon In 1883 1 . 1 • "f t • .• . ie '' ns sent t 1roucrhout the northern R ocky •' oun nm area to 1m•csbgate . ·t d O • • • ments for tl1" acq . ·t· f , lk~po1 on. nn make prehmmnry nrrnnge" u1s1 10n o co •mg co J 1• t· E unable to locate a d k" n P oper ies. "e.n though he was aoo co ·mg con] wl • ]1 th · Quealv's work was h igJ 1 f f lie . e company ,nshed for, Mr. self, h~we,·er was begin~! sat i\nct orr to lus super iors. M r. Quealy himent cntcrpri~e In ' Io ting o le rest css nnd to think about nn ind~pend. • n n nna 1r 1erc he h d b • . n e~ sent to m,·esbgatc the opemng of mines pend' 1 young Irislunan J~nd se~~gpro~ a1ro~d's cxpan~1on in t h at direction, t he filJccl his thoughts to ti P e~ 5 t nt filled his eye nnd thnt, moreoYer, 1 1e exc us1on of otl ·k . WJ1en t h e expansion . , PInns northward for th,. . 1ron d were d 1• ier dwo1 " rn1 th f 11e luter recorded it "\ . t t i\[ oppe ·, ere ore, :i\fr. Quealy, as Gcncrnl ilfannger tl~;o{Te . 0 ip r. !homns L . Kimball, then Assistant objection 'if I person 11 to~ actfic, to l-now if there would be nny 0 examined and reported\ Y up one_ of the properties which I had 0 \ ~e Un:on P acific (in l\Iontana).' I g ot a favoruble rep ly from Mpo~. r. tm a ' statmg th at there would be no objec- th . . of f b l\lr. Quealy been nw n 1111111 of mnny interests, in all of which he wns successful. His broad 'i-..ion. rr:..olute courage, and brilliant cxrcuth·r ;1bilitr did 11 01 fo il h i111 to the· last. A prominent business man wrote the follm;·ing tribu tc Io hi111 : "As a con.I 0 1 11 rntor, bnnker, live-stock rniser, and builder, :\I r. Quealy look fron t rn11k in his adopted stntc. Throughout his busy life, he took a deeply acti,·c part in politics, state and national, refusing thrnughoul the 11111113• flatte ring offers for a political career tendered hi111 by the lenders of his party. ,Vl1ene\'el' u crisis arose in the financial affairs of the live-stock industry of Wyoming, i\Ir. Quealy was called upon to guide the cout'se of events, and not n stnglc failure stands ngninst his record. When a devastating explosion swept through one of his coal mines, n.nd specious advisers otfc1·ed the suggestion that a sum running into hundreds of H1ousands of dolln rs might. be saved by taking advantage ?f the 111'1·, Afr. Quealy sc·orned the proposition, taking the blow w1t~o.ut n murmur, though inwardly torn with son'ow for the loss or life sustnined." It wa.s a far cry from the immigrant Ind with the County Clnrc IJ1·'.,g~1c, to the grim-faced mnn who walked n l_iundrcd y~rds thrnugh dnfting snow nncl sage b rush , n tnrget for six n tles nt 'fwm Creeks, ~o late1· berome the business executive who refused to profit from Ins miners' deaths: but Pntrick Quenly cnme to the " 'est when thr ~oun~ry was rough nncl challenging, and the "West produced many _men hke 1nm. Re was only one of ma.ny stalwar ts to emerge from the wh1!e-l~ot test of the pioneer duys, stamped with the honest~, nnd cournge of 111s tune. �Co1.oRAno MrNES CHA PTEll :S. Colorado Mines . II I • fl-v of 1',c t'ario11s Colorado mines, acquirC'd s11bsequrnt 10 1 r s ""' '1 ,, • I II I I d • thrir hve'inflllll'III by othC"r parties_. 1111d w/11r I a to< pro ucNI _w Jive districts but J.110.509 tons ill a prriod of ofrerf t,cclv<' .l ear:~· a11d ,duc/1 .11,jjC"ml all tl,,, vicissi111des of had roof a11/cl soT/t 1oor.Q,., p11''' ,.,,/~:,':' <!'"'c·lulior iroubli•s. /1 ,ras al Como. Colorado. t wt rumus 111•a )', " 11111 , ri•1·h Jam,•. nwl rw 1111/imcly dealh. _ _ _ HE l •nion Pacific R11ilrond did not confine iI, rni11i11g- ,\\ I i, I! 11·-, t 0 om• slate in the early dnvs. Besides the mine at Cha:-, C r ..,·1,. l 'I n h. tlil· rnilro:ui owned Ulincs i~ six· difforcnt mining di~trid-- in t'o •rntl11 '.\Io,,1 of tlw111 wcr<• m' ,·er opcrnted by The Cnion Pttciffr ( cud ( 'o 11 pa11, . bul, becuu~c of tht•ir connection with the rnilroatl, tht•_Y d,•,\·n, n1,·11 o n in this hi~tory. The. northern Colorado coal is of the i-ub-hitm, 111o u, g-1·ach: llllci therefore inferior to the bituminous coal 111in,•1I in lht• ~i-'t·r ,la t,, of \Yyoming. The Colorad o towns which furni,,hecl con! to lht: H 11ln1:ul were Baldwin, Como, LouisYillc, Northrop, Eric, and Pra1tc·t:Yilll. 1~1·,1111 thl· time of their opening until Janu,uy 9 , 188:3, \\·hen the t ·11io11 C'o11 l C'ompuny wus inro rporntcd in Colorndo to opcl'lltL· thL'lll. I hc., l' 111illl':-> were owned nnd worked by the R uilroncl'!- Con! D epn I trncnt. 111 1890 th• l ' nion Con) Compnny was succcL·ded by The t·nion Pm·itic Coal Compa11y. which took 0\'Cr all the con I properties o f the Hnil rnucl. T Dnldll'in was 1o<'ntcd sevent een mile,- north of Gunni,011, al t lw foot of ~fount Carbon, on a brnnch of the D enver. L cach-illt·. and Gunni,-011 H11.1lwny. The mjnc wns opened in 1881 , ,-omc tinw prior lo ih nt·qui,ition hv • • ' the . . . nion . . P11t·ifi,. . ' R 1•1'l1·ond • . • TllC, ( •on I. u f tJI•t \IIIIIII0U:, gnu Ic. \\'llS 1·1ve 1c,ct t~ut k, '1 ,th a clip 0 ~ six dcgn•cs. nncl wa,, rcnch(•d by a ,-!111ft 1:H feel ce1_>. fh c roof of the m~nc wns sonpstonc nnd thl' ttoor ,1:11s fire-clay. How1 1, ic c?111 11'l~S <'~ns1dcrccl the best clomc-;tit· coal thL'II mined in C'olo111 10 t < • n sfi·pite 0 ~ its !ugh operating t·o:;t,-, the mine at Baldwin wns o JWl'llkd 11 n pro t u11t1l 1889 Oi>cr t' . cl . •• u 1<ms. were curtailed II\· till' ro111p11nY unti1. 9 189-· 1 11r111g the next te 11 • am ti • • I, . . d I . • .' e,us le mtnr 1,·u,, •opera tt·d In· nu·iou:-, c,-sC<'s, 1111 t icrcafter 1t wns closed. r :"c i ,· .c and most rln11<r(•rou~ work. of ti IC mos·t ex·t,cns1, inir. Como f ti wns the site 0 IC compan,· m Colorado d h" b '"' f great qunntitics or'cx I , •", ' nngcrou:; c.cnuse of the p 1·l•sc11cc 11 1 countn· het·wi•l·n T ·,~- °s cdgn1;. Como wns located in the South Park • ,rnc ' 111<' an Gunnison ti D d S P k mln-ow-irnngc· rnilror I T l • on te enYcr an ~ outh nr • the opc1~ng of c•ndi r~corc~s n.rc not c-l~nr ns to thC' dnte of th~ <'OlllJ>rrn,· hll<I 110 • f . tc· mmc,.., n 1eport mndc 111 1891 stntin~ thnt • 111 01 mn 1011 '·1s • ope11111g. • · to tit C (1tl t C O f ti ICll' W I11'I e tl ,:}·tl,/~tu·l~- 110 111 . port nrncle in 1902 states that they were opened in 1883 It • ti1 Coal Company wns inco r porntcd· R obwast ~nl . e )i6ettc r •yr1tr th rd Cthe l1nion • 1886, rc<"n 11s thnt • • er lvu1r , the firs t mine ther e wns d ")io worked nt 01110 m • • opcnc 'for the l · 11101~ • C on I C ompttn)• I>,\' n 1'1 1 1·. Ho_µkm s, who lived nen1· H enefer. Como post off1cl' ,1·ns a t n sctt lcml•nt three miles nwtly, named " Ki ng," after " '· H. King, who wn,- coun ty clerk, postmaster, n11d manager of the compnnY store. • Of the fin• 111illl'l- opl•ned n l Como, t he first £our hacl bceit ilband d one • • l ' •ti (' I C ompnny m,sumed control in 1890. Enrlv bc•fore The l 1110 11 ll<'I c on record:; ~ny t!111t ~h<• re11:..011 !01· nbandonm~nt wns not known, (Xeept i;1 the <'Ilse of ~ I 111_l' :\ c, •. Om·, ,~·h1t·I! w~~s cl~scd 111 1889 by n mine fire. A clue to the finnl _cl<hlltg' o! t he 111111cs 1~ given m n description of the mines mnde h_r ;\[r. :\lu1r. l k !-taul the roof_:- of nil five mines were o f soft, grnnulnted, ,,ancl_r shnlc, uml_ tl 111 I. en••~ with the use of <'ross bnr,; nnd lngging, the ,-ancl would flo,\ 11111_1 the n1111e:,, .As _before rncntioncd, the presence of explo,-i,·e gas re:,11lt ed "'. nu ,_m:rou:.. senous fire:, and explosions, one explosion 011 January 10. ] ',!),L J..1lling 2!; 111<'11. T om Quc,dy, one of the. fnrnous ~ueu ly hr~1tht•1·, "' o 1nnd_1· coal-mining hist~ry in the end )'. days, ll'llS ktlk,d nt ( orno ,111111 -.e1·,·1ng there ll:. Supenntenclent. D espite. the fnct thnt thl' mine, 111 ( 01110 ,1·t•rl' Opl'l'lltccl at n loi..s of severnl thousand clollnrs 111111u11lly, tht' 111-I 111irtl', :-,:n. Fin •, wns not nbuncloned until 189+, when the rnil rond 1111 11 h1, h it ,1 n-. loC'ntcd pas:..ecl out of the eontrol of the l'nion P11<·itic S_r-,k111. The mim•, ,tt I.o ui" illr. Et"ie, B ould er, nnd Northrop arc spoken of a:-11 g roup i11 tin· l'H r l_\ rc<·nrds. :'\o information is contninecl in the reports us l o I he da l l'' of I lw ir openings. The records indicate there. ,1·ns n mine nl ,•nc-11 pl1ll'l' , 11n<l tha t nil were abnncloned in 1885, becnusc of labor diffic·ultie:-. It i, likely t ha t, ,,ince operntion of the mines wns, for the most p11 rt. <"m'l'il'cl on at a loM, they were nllowecl to remain closed when the miners. 11di11g- l'Oll tt·a ry to the instructions of their own labor lenders, went on ,,trike at tlw time of the Chinese Riot which occul'l'ed in Rock Springs. Sornt' of the properties were, however, Inter lensed to outside interests. T he two 111i11e!- at F,·ance,·illc were locnted on the. Fnion Pacific, D en,·cr, nnd Gulf HailwaY, in El P aso County. They were opened by the DenYer nn<l ~cw Orl~ans Railroad, the date of opening not of r ecord. !hey ncvcr we r e opernted by the rnion Pacific R nilroud•. The conl, found 111 n ,·ein frnm sc,·cn to eight feet thick, was light nnd fr1nblc, nnd consct1uenth· not ~uitnble for locomotive use. The only demnnd for the. out_put was fo.r clo111cstic purposes. Until they we1·c 11bandonecl in 1898, the 1111,nes were lensed to outside parties. Xo t·oniplc te rccords of officials nt the Colorndo minrs hnve b.?en kept, ~ut the following men nre known to hnve been employed nt th e towns during the operation of the m ines: • 'fl 1ns R nmscY, John At Bnldwin: J. P. Cummisky J ohn ~1orris, ion • . • d t 7 Webb, E. S. Brooks, and James \'\ a tson, all sen·ing ns Supennten rn s. �HISTORY OF' UNION PACIFIC CO,\l. ~1 INES ll2 . A C Beckwith wns Genernl Superintende~t; S. R. Slocu 111, AsAt Como· • ·supcrtn • t cndent ·, John Keay, Thomns R amsey , • .A . J . King, _ ..1 • • t t G nern 1 s1s an c . G R Sweeney, and P. Hnrdmg se1:n.'U as ~line Superin,John i\forr1s,F • • 'll . Jolm Morris was n Supen ntendent. tendcnts. At • rnnccv1 c. ic Colorado mines referred to were n speculative Tuken ns a wIto IC' tl . 1d . f ·ttl tlicn known nbout t he mnJor con epostts <> Colornd o •I d c. ·t k I I ' ,·cnturc L l c wns • JI ti Opcnings were locntcd wit 1out cnm c ·now cc gc of th 1, d nn ns• a f ti icfi ,Jd tlic cffol'ts to find 1111d d. eveIop work·n ble d cpo:-.1t • of con I gcoIogv o ie e , . wt'rc ,·~ndudcd 011 n chnnce bns1s. CHAPTER XI. Hanna, That Yet Thrives Tells of the 1/anna mines named after Mark A. Hanna t , 't . ' u,io t IS re• ,,orted 011cc sai'd .1Iwt II1" f'ieId cou Id " suppL)' !he nation with coal for u entury,'' of a f wld thM has produced to the end of 1939 a I l l f ~2.083.835 to~,s of good coal, but which unfortunately sufler~d tw:amo~l tragic ~xplos1ons! ~d,erc ~om Butler ro!e frfm trapper boy lo General Supervisor of Jllrncs. Leading the Old Timers Parade from its incept' • .I1ead crow11ed wLI• II a " self-cockint' opera t0/1, astride a , 1sa fc> I,ors<•.,, I11s /,at 0 ,,d where T?m l ovt•. u ho ,s as lovable ~s his name indicates, yet conduc,; a talkie mo111c r11:rl !'. do:;•1! otltc•r cntcrpris~s. It. is at Hanna where the Boy and Girl Scouts I· int - hd Teams came into full flower win 11ing many pri:es at the recurrin!{ First Aid Field Day meel'9. ' T HE original ( l hon con! bnsin was beginning to show sig11s of depiction b)'. l '{8i a'.1il lhe con! wns also _gradually becoming puorer in qunlity. Desp1tl thl ta1th thnt lo3•al Cnrbomtes held in the inc."Chaustibilitv ancf richness of the hdd, the H nilrond began casting nbout for n pince i~ ll'hirh to locntc ll<'\\ minl's. Through the winter of 1887 and all of the year 1888, pro-,pcding was canied on along the route of the old main line, which then rnn ~i,- or :-.even miles south of the present town of Hnnnn. Two of the mc11 ~ent lo lhe arcn under the direction of the Cnrbon Superintendent, L. R. :\lc_rer, were T. 0. i\1into, Manager of the Beckwith-Quinn Store nt Carbon, and \\'. H. Brown, who Inter became Super intendent nt Dann. l\Iinto wnitl•d only to finish the prospecting before he returned to the store, from which pince he was later transfcned to Rock Springs ns ~fonager of the big Deck with-Quinn general store there. The prospectol's found an excellent scam of coal, nnd Joseph Cox nrrived in 188!) with ol'ders from Meyer to take charge of development ,·ork. :\[r. Cox, who had previously been in charge_of th_e opening o! the nearb)' Dnnn mine. was splendidly equipped, both m point of exper1ence nnd in temperament, to manage a rough, new-born mining town. In _appearance he was a typical Englishman, but he hnd none ~f the En~ltshmnn's trnditional reserve to hnmper him in his dealings mth the n:irners. One who knew him thus described him: "He was hot tempered, quirk on the triggel', but k indhearted. He would explode, swear until the air was blue, and then giYe you everything he had." !· Another of the men who helped open the H nnnn mines wns H. Butl~r,. who ro~e to the position of Genernl Supervi~or of _nil 1e nnnes of The l nion Pnc16c Coal Company, nnd who, now rehrt'd, hv<'s m Ogden, Utah. Born on November 27, 1870, in the first Union Pacific conl town, Carbon, t! 113 �HISTORY Of UNION P ,\CIF'IC COAL MINES HANNA, THAT YET TmtrvEs Butler has been nn cmpJo,ve of The Union Pacific C'onl C'on!pnny since its . t'on nnd before that worked for the Cotti Compnn y s l) rcdccesso,· mccp 1 , . d I • • ' enterc t 1c employ of the Con! ti1c ConI Department of the Railroad.. Tom . h' ] . Department as 11 trnpper boy, a position w 1c I no 1ongcr ex1sts in rnion Pacific mines. It was his duty to guard the hcnvy wooden doo1·s b_y mcnns of which the nir t·urrents for vcntilntion purposes were directed th rnugliout tl1c workings nnd to open the doors for the passage of lllen or cnr1-, and to close them tightly therenfter. The Coal Department made nrrnngcmcnts for the uo_n; who \1·oi·h•cl in the mines to attend day school during the sun11ucr when work wa ... ~low underground, and 11 night school during the busier winter 111u11lh.~. '['0111 took ndrnntngc of this opportunity and thereby obtained 1111 l'ig-htlt-grn<li• cducntion. Lnter, by 1·eading and home study, he nrquircd what he lllodestly termed "the rudiments'' of business methods and mining Jll'ad iccs. He ~en·cd a long apprenticeship before his nppointmcnt to the 1111... ition of Gcncrnl Supervisor, having performed almost c,·ery ty-pe of \\ Ork tha t i~ rnl'l'icd 011 in nncl rtround the mines. He scn•ed a s trnppcr ho v. dri\·ci· miner, wcigl11na11, mine clerk, mine foreman, and Supe.l'intcndc·nl at Han~ m'., nlso ?s Su1Jerintendc11~ of the S~pcrior ~s well a .. the H.o<'1, , pring., •~mes. !J1s father before huu was n pioneer mmcr, who helped tn opcr, the first mmcs nt old Cnrbon. The brnnch line which wus to connect Hanna with ti U' . . • 1·me u t All en tJr uuc t'1011 was · te (} mon Pacific's new mnm not completed until 189 • o f ti1c H annu mines. • U ntil • that time the w ·k , a year afte1· the ouenmg . r. I t k .d • . . o1 men spent then· da)'S m dcve opmcn wor • nn m buildmg a town for ti • . f .1. . • C d·t· . I icu um1 ics and themselves to I1Ye 111. on 1,ions m t 1e Hanna campsite dtir· ti . • "-T O . l 1' • I . mg 1c opcnmg of ~I 111 es _, os. m• ,me wo, 111 t 1c wmter of 1889 wci•ft rr ·I ti ·1 d • D . • " 1uc l 1c. same nm1 the wmtc1· before 'The 11•0 ·k 11;; thost that preva1 c m · • I • • • , 1 men 11vcd .m tents, sl11vcrcd 111 t tc ICY 11101·111ngs, and waded to woi·k W" 10 • t c,1 • · · 1· JI 1 . "" Jcep m snow. 'fhcii·_fin;t a111use111?nt 111 wus t 1_c old freight depot, und later a clapboard shantic, .the .old Richards boardmu house at No '!i"nc. A company . ~ . • Onft" "~ store wn" built p1 omptly, but Hanna was to wa1t for a second stol' fl 18~5,_ when 'l'. H. ,lntkson, the clothing slore operntoi· at Carbon, :p~~e~ a sm11 111r . tore al H anna. Jnckson was the only independent store own . c:,·cr to cstubli,h hi111,elf at ~anna. The mtrnager of the company sto;~ was Gcol'gt• l>(mne, a11 eccc-11tnc bachelor but a shrewd business man. A choul huildi11g- wa:, erected that firsl year, but children were Jacking, and tltl' d,1or, n 111aincd closed for want of pupils. The most of the residents of liunnu 11 ere ,,ingle men, and those few who were nmrrierl maintained ho111cs n I ( ,u·bon fo r their families, ·v isiting them on week-ends. When scliool wns npL·llcd the following ye,n, J. H. Matthews was the teacher. Later he mmcrl to Hock Springs to take a position as principal of the Rork Spring:, ,d10ol and wns succeeded nt Hanna by Clinton Hume. The little frnn tc eltoolhouse that had stood deserted the first winter at Hanna wns to be followed uy tt number of other buidings; it wns the forerunner of the sound school system which the town operates today, a system which indudes n high school course, with complete manual training nnd gymnasium facilities. The streets were laid out at the opening of the town with somewhat more eon -idcrution than had been given them in the majority of other conl towns. Inst..nd of' digging into the most convenient gulch bank to make n dugout home, or erectina n building on the most convenient spot, the builders laid out nn order!; scheme of streets and alleys, containing two conccntrut ions of buildings, one near each of the mines. The mnin street ran north of nnd parnllel to the railroad. South of the tracks the buildings were culled No. One Catnp, nnd north of the tracks they were called No. Two Camp, although each was a part of Hanna. Hardy workmen from the B1·itish I sles and Finland comprised most of the population in the early duys. D espite the severe winter and the hardsl1ips of living, they were sc!d~m sick during these first few years. Unlike ~?st 'other newl?' fledged mmmg towns, Hanna possessed a resident phys1cmn from the first yea1· of her founding, in the person of Dr. Newell. Rattlesnake Creek, about sixteen miles south of Hanna, afforded a good water supply, but tJ1is blessing was not immediately discovered, and for some time after the mines were first opened the workers hauled water to the town and distributed it to the homes in banels. ·with the laying of ,~atcr pipes to the houses and the instnllation of a gravity wider l~c sixteen miles long, the foundation was prepared for the boast that resi- }}ti, JlS - - - - - - -- - -'-- ---' First uniformed Girl Scout First -1 · . - onstrutcd thc•ir skill be/ore th<' C • id 1 cum from Hanna. This team demLeft lo right: Leona Tate Ca I ~v~n;or ~/ Colorado, at Denver, July 1, 1926. Renny and Eileen Cook. Lu .P az:;/ _ilhunel qraw/ord, Edith Crawford, Helen ' cz11e 11' ng t, pallent. a [l �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL lVhNES 116 t'll 11lke today, that Hanna water is "the best in th dents ofTtll1e town s. In(and plentiful water supply made possible lawnse state." 1e converue . , . , t l·ees for the miners homes. nud [J'nr ens d 0 k .a..: to develop mines to such nn extent that production from It ta ·cs "'me • was at l cast three year . ximurn. Consequentl y 1t them approacl1es tile n1a·• • • " n workings were large enough to give employment to the tl ie H nnn"' be£ore I • f ti t . . • I . . bcr· of men The popu abon o 1e own gr c11 m hat tune mnxnuum num • . d • I to j _500, and bas remained in that neighborhoo c1·er smcc t l~Jl- Au except" 01111• I thickness characterized t.he seams at the H a nna nHrtC::i, that in , bei·i•g from fifteen to thirty ,; feet thick, and that in No. Two bcino:,o. 0 nc . ~, l. h I t'> from twenty-four to thfrty feet tl11ck . .r or t us reas_on, t e coa was mined in "beuches," that is, sections of the face were dnlled an<l shnt down in separate b<'nchcs. Se\'ln-~l fee~ of coal were left ut the toi1 o~ th~ scum to protect the rock above 1t. H oists? water J?Umps, _a~d ,·cntila t 10~ funs were l\t first the only machinery used m the mrnes. 1'1m111g was ca r n cd on w1th picks and vowder, und the lrnulage was by mules. llinc No. Two had nn erratic history. After three year of op<'ration, it was closed i11 1891 because No. One Mine was supplying n.ll the needs of the Railroad and the commercial users in that urea. I t was n ·opcncd nnd opei·ated for two months in 1895 during the tempora 1·y closing of Testing for gqs in Ha \I . top mining.. This coal wa:ina_ 1 o. 4 :llw~. Note large block of coal shot from lllllled 10 a he1,ght of twenty-six feet. HANNA, THAT YET THRJVES 117 Mine, due to a mine fire. When, in the latter part of A .. 1 No- 0 n e 11 ti1c mat crm • 1 and tracks were . p11, d1895' . . closed once more, a it was d d t 11 l . . tcmove the . cc was seale , an even ua y t 1c mme filled with water· • ' ~) t@ 'fen• years a, twice-closed mine. > was , later No.. Two, • . . . clewa t ered, new track was hud, a~1d opc1ahons \"le1e iesumed, contmmng until Ap1·il 20 .,. ,vlicn aU mmenble • bl'e . . . coal . tlhad bee t _n worked . out. ·The only npp1.ec1a 193..,, years occurred on J .111 t el·ruption of act1v1tles m 1ose wenty-mnc l I . une •9, 1929 .,, w ten t ie tipple, boiler house, and old p~wcr house w~re destroyed by fire. The n11ne resumed 1ts activities on November 13tl1 of the same year. No. Two .Mine. produced 6)256,157 tons of coal, its production reachino- 2 200 tons daily during p<'riods of he:vy' dernand. The original room-and-pillar system of working the coal, with the rooms driven up the pitch, was changed to the c,;~ panel system in 1912, by which the rooms •v were worked on the level because of the heavy pitch of the scam and the desirability of undercutting the coal. Electric mining machines and drills were installed nt c~ this time, and electric locomotives had nlrcady been placed in service. Permissible powder und electric cap lumps were also THOM AS H. Bun,m adopted as safety measures because of the presence of explosive gas in the l?w~r entries. ·when the mine was closed finally, the. men who had worked Ill it were transferred to No. Four Mine at lfonna, or to the mines in the. Rock Springs field. }.line No. One was a pathetic story of grief £or the compnny, its cmployes und their families. ,vork was progressing as usual on June 30, 1903, with no warniug of t.he honiblc catastrophe that was almost upon ~h?m. At ten o'clock in the mornjng people outside the mine heard 11~ ear-sphttmg crash, which has been described as sounding like the explosion of a heavy charge of dynamite in rock. Timber, mason ry, and earth, coal nnd rock were catapulted from the two portals of the mine. Heavy smoke pourei out into the air. Rescue crews sped into the mine as quickly as th ey cot~\ be organized, but the jnner workings had been caved badly and soon, "?th the pumps stopped, water beo-an to rise in the lower reaches of t~\e m1~e. A check revealed that one hu~dred and sixty-nine men had bee~ killed, mcluding John Battle, the For eman. It was not until the followmg Novcm= ber that the last caved-in working had been uncovered and the laS t bod) removed. Enrly in 1904 the mine was reopened. 3 The seco~d disaster to No. One Mine occurred on Marc1i 2 8, 19o h, • s muc 1 d as suddenly and unexpectedly a s the first. T he secon exp osion wa �]18 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL M tNF.S H ANNA, TRAT YET TRRIVES l ..PA~t!:IC -C ~ '3:"ii..,: __-... . . ;- - ... ' mi The 11ew store ul Hanna opened in 1939. 1- f' iew from Hig!1wn) 30; 2-The force in fro11t. of the building; 3-Dry Goods and Clot/ring Sectiun: LJ~ Crocery Seclio11. C. E. Bulloc!., Munagcr. like the first, coming at one o'clock in the ufternoon. R escue crews once more 1tsscmblcd lo earn on their grim tnsk. The workings 11·crc found to huYe cnvcd badl_Y. und :imokc and gas were pouring up from the <lcpths in such volume that the lives of the rcscuc1·s were in c·onstnnt peril. At knthirt_y thnt snmc evening, ll second explosion shook the minc, ~nuffing out the li\'cs of fody-one members of the rescue crew. The company's officials agreed that no one in the mine could han: possibly sun·ivcd the two explosions, und thnt human life wus too precious to be risked in any further attempt to rec·o,·er the bodies of the men whose liYcs had alrcndy been cluinwd by the mine. R escue attempts were, -therefore, ubandoncd for the time hl'ing 1111d the mine was closed. On Julv 10th of that year, aftc1· ex· tended conforences held between the officials· of the Sta tc ~iine Ins11cction Dep1u·tme11t and the officers of The. l"nion Pacific C'oul Com1Jn11y, the mine was reopened and twcnty-sc,·cn bodics were 1·ccon•recl. However, it was impossible to find ull the b~dics of those who died in the two explosions, and tocln_v :Xo. One Mine 1·cmuins the tomb of twenty-seven of those who died thcrciu. '~'he toll of this disaster wus fifty-nine iivcs. Superintendent Ale~nnder Briggs, Foreman Joseph Burton, and the entire underground st~fl we-re umong those killed, us was State Coal l\Iine Inspector D. 1\1. Elms, lc11di~1g a rescue crew. I n recent years the coal compnny's C'nginccrs located 11 site for ll monument, directly abo,·c the place where the nshes of t~1c twenty-seven men rest within the mine, and on each recurring l\fcmoriul Day sc1·,·il'cs o.1·e held in memory of those who died in the scorching flume thut Wl'l•ckcd the mine Oil thnt memorable Mu.rch 28, 1908. 119 1\!ine No. Fi,·c wus opened in 1918, but, because of heavy rock bands found in th e scum, wa_s c·losed within a ~car. _This mine was never developed be)'Olld t ht prosp~ctmg stage. N~. Six Mme wus opened in September, 1929. 1111d the mn111 sloµ c, t he mtLm return air course, and the mam\'l.ly were chivcn n distance of 1,760 feet. After opcrnting three and one-hnlf ycnrs. it was closed down in Mu.rch, 1933, us No. Four Mine supplied nil the con l 1·cqni1wl from the Hanna district. The coal scams in the Hanna mines arc high nnd the conditio11s surrounding- the working of these scams conscque11tly dangerous, but, in spite o f sud1 adverse <.:ircu,m,;htnccs, Hanna has maintained an enviable snfcty record. :\Ir. E . $. Brooks wns Superintendent at Hanna at the time of the first cxplo-;ion n t ~ o. One iiine, and he later became a leading figure in the opera I ions of the Con I Company. Other men who have served as Superintc11ck•nt a l H 111111a . in nddition to Brooks, l\Icyer and Alexander Briggs, who hnH 11l renrly been mentioned, were James Bowens, who succeeded )(en:r aud remninccl in charge until Brooks took over the task. T. H. Butlei· ·iiuec,·,· l,•d ?II r. Briggs. Other Superintendents were " 7illiam Hartman, TI'illiu111 'J'. Cmqfrcy, llnd 0. G. Sharrer, the present incumbent. Joe Lemoine is 110" ?lli11t· Foremnn, having ucted in that capacity for n number of venr!o. P el, }kn11i ngse11 is thl' :\l aster Mechanic and Electrician. Henry :rones i~ mirn· cl,•rk, nnd \Villiu111 A. Rttite is material clerk. Thomas Lo~•e, who is now eng11gt'd in many nctivities at Hanna, once sel'Ved as Outs1_de Forc-mnn, an<l al-,o as mine derk, at Hanna. John O. Holen, lat_c1· Supcrrntendcnt ut Supi·rior und nt Reliance, was a lso Mnstet· l\Icchan1c and Gcnernl :\litster 1\Icdmnic at Superior, Cumberland and Hanna. 'l'hc religious nl'ccls of the p eople arc tuken care of by the :Methodi~t, Epis<·rrpal and C'ntholic Churcl1cs. 'fhe colored people nlso httve an E~1scopal church which -tukes care of their needs. Hanna_ has been outstandmg in First Aid work for many years. Both the adult mmc w?rkcrs teams and the Boy and Girl Scout First Aid teams have done ·valiant work nt _the recmrincr Fi1·st Aid Field Days in Rock Springs. Many of t~c championt> • h •me Iu ded , on different occaship cups ha\'C! been won by these teams, wIuc sions both adult Japanese teams and Japanese Doy Scout team~- '!'.he locai\ospital nt Hunnn takes care of cases of sickness and 11:U mme m• • • I d f I d" count1·y• for a rudrns . of fifty Juries scrvmg· t 1c nee s o t 1e surroun mg •miles. · 'Dr. R. M. Leake 1s · the rest·aen t p h ys1c1an • • a nd has• one assistant and .. . o.i·e J. ustl)' proud of then a •staff• of competent nurses. Th e H anna men . hospital although Highway No. 30, passing through H anna, now fm·nis 1ies '. . • I 11 1939, the Caul CompnnY more ncc1dent patients than do t b c mmes. 'Id. 30 • • H" 1 limit a nc"· merchandise store on •g iway ' tco.ring down thedold · bm 190Qing that was moved from Carbon when that town was abandone m •• nd Hanna enjoys the distinction of valiant work done by the Doy n Gil'l Scout teams ";th the only distinctive Japanese teams, ao<l th e H~ntt B and, m1ldC up ;f employcs, is known throughout the stntc ns one O IC' best. �DANA, WHICFI LASTED BuT T1-1nEF. YEAHS CHAPTER XII. Dana, Which Lasted But Three Years Tells of the brief life of 011 il/.acluised developmer,I. where but 62 79? tons of lignite coal u11fit for locomotive or commercial use trns mi~e,i which. u-!1e11 used for locomotive fuel. left a luminous trail that looke,i lilte the tail of a comet. behind the freight and passenger truins as they streaked across the desert. Dana camp lasted onlJ / rom 18H!J lo /89/. long enough. l,oweuer, to leave some now lwlf-centur) -old lllt'morfr., uf icN•k. end dancing parties i11 the 11eighboring Elk Mountain district, the mc<im of tmnsp11rtalio11, an old regulation stage coach dru11•11 b_i /1111r tu ,\i., horses. tht• driver a colored man who ansu·ercd tu the 11a111,· uj lfrou•n. HE ~•unc wintel' thut prospecting pnrt_ics fol' the rnilruad cli~t·u,·crctl lpromising tl!e.s1te where Hunnu wus Inter to be built, uuothe1· pttrt., u pon n outcrop of coul nlong the milroad line about twc11 ty 1nih:, west t:ll llll' o_f Carbon. L. _R. :\Icyer, Superintendent at Carbon, wa~ diru reel t u negolaate the opening of u mine there from his Carbon headquart er,. :.\lever 11 P_?werful, ~tocky fig~re of 11 mun, was known for hi~ fairncs· in hil> dc;din'gs ,11th the nnncrs. In lus hen~·y Gcrmnn ncccnt, he spoke gruffly und abruptly to the men, but he was kmdly and gentle nt hcurt. Luter ;\foyer wns t~ become 11 bunker. • , four or six horses l\lld handled by ll ncgro conchmun naut•·<l 1, . T.• · I · 1· .. >H,wn . ..._, cw b) odcrn drivers 1n regu nbon 1vcl'J could be classed with him i I di" 111 I • It' t ·1 'ti I n inn mg the reins over t \ C JO mg nu s, w1 I no cu vertst nnd fording the water courses. D ann was yet u . town of tents, and even the saloon nnd the store were under canvas. J?unng the heavy sum~s of '88 nnd '89, the miners often went to. sleep Ill full out-doo1· clotlnng to keep warm. Dann was not fntt-d tu live long, for her c~nl was a rather_ low grade of lignite und wns not well uduptcd to locomotive use. An old tuner who worked in Dunn gin's 1111 interes ting account of the difficulties of burning the Dnnn coal: •'A:. the engines of that day were not equipped with stack netting, the chunky p ortions would rcmuin on the grntes, while the finer pnrtide II ould ,-lao~t through the flues _to issue_ from the stnck 11 strClllll of l\111m•, ,1 l11d1 wus, from back m the hills, an impressive s ight nt ni~ht. "Tnun, r u11111 ng 1tgninst the wind were in constant danger from ho, l' 1r fi n·,. t\110 while most of the trnin crews rode with fin• buckch, , 11 n,111g -.,11111 II blazes, sometimes fire would break out 1tt mnny poin t, al 01 ,. lime and would 'best' the crew. ,vith inudcqunte fire fight ing cq111p111cnt at hnnd, lhe only chance left with a cur fhc wns to cul the t rnin in two and run fo1· the nearest sh\nd pipe or water tirnl,.. which might be miles nway. These runs were the chief outdoor :,pt,rt nf the pe1·iod, on the diY1sion between Lnrnmie nnd .... ... ·1 . J?uring tl~e winte1· of 1888, :\Icycr sent Joseph Cox to :.u pcl'intend :he mme 0 J?t'ntng, nnd Thomas Preston to act a:; :.\l ine Furen11111 The 11 • ttcr l"C)lllllned in the district until Dnna wns abuudoncd in HH)l ·After I 1IC openmg of the mine \V H . • I n• 1890 W R G I .' • • iown was mnd c Super111tl.'ncll•nt. • ·t· un ncr took lin, place and remuinccl while the Dana mine was i1: opera 10n. • -·"-'' - n. . - t ~.:.•~ 1 ..:. \ r ,t ..._ VI,,.?- - .. :-~' ~...,- • • ... ..... t z.. • I ,_ ..,,..., "' 1.. • ::J,.:: ..... 1'hc miners sent ont fro n c ·b th fi • few to handle th k t DI n1 on at rst w111ter pron:d to be too t•xpcrit•nccd nco1·co• w~r. n knna, and the Railroad in1portrd II numbt•r of • b mmc wor ·ers from the S ti1 Al t • ou • mos at once it becnme ttpJllll"t'nt tliut ti • • ic r1°01·ous weather would b t crs and ti . . b I • e oo sr,·erc fo1· the Southern, 1e1c was n urge turnoYer of I l> 'fl mnincd through thut Ii ··t .· tc ncgro n orers. ll' few who rewere hnnsfcrrcd to ti is ~\Ill . r, hoWC\'er, stayed with the compnnv nnd 1c mmes at Hnnnn , ·I D d • nently. A fow arc s till there. ' len ann was cIose pc1·mn. Dunn wns II guy town while it I t d Tl fishing nncl huntin,; un 1 tl ,· as e • 1~ sunoundmg country invited offen~ a SJ>lendi'•l pt'>l'n cf ou } mg rnnches m the Elk :\fountain district , Cl' or week d d • • in the hay burn,. in the tlickerin nnci_ng parties. The miners danced 1 1 thev pausl'd to rc·t tfi t gbigl t of lanterns und torches, and when : partit's thev "pressed , CY •snt on a. es of h ay. T o t a k·e ti1cm to an d f rom ti1e1r • • • 111 0 scn1ce 1111 old rcgulntion stage conch drawn 121 - • • ;I · '• -.-~:• • ' . ~1!"'1.,'.~ . i'"'J.,~...• .. . ~,._ ·=---··)-:- -~•• "!"' • -1? .. ~ • . !.._ _ __ - - - -• - :_ •.. • . . B Wver iri t/,c Seventies Camping Party near the headwaters, Mei11cu1e ow 1 . 120 'i::- --~~-..- · - ·• _ _:_ , _•M ..-f,.!:;.• . :, ... _ �122 HISTORY or UNJON PACIFIC CoAL MINES CHAPTER XIII. Ruwlins. l\ifany bets were laid by train crews nnd onlookers as to whether the stand pipe would be reached ul'forc th~ cars wo.uld burn to tlie trncks, and it often was an even break, pa rticul~trly m u high Ib wind. . . · I "The gcime was exciting, WJt 1. one o.r scvera. .ox ca~·s ctblaze . ·ng behind a flying locomot1ve, w1tl1 the whistle ttcd clown st I eium . . I . . d" for 11 clear track and everyone with111 1eanng or seeing 1stancc on hand to watch the outcome. But s~ch sport, of co~1·sc, co:d? _not last aud the 'old mun' sent us scoutmg for new fields 111 the v1 cinit_v, with the 1·esnlt that location was made on the -prci,ent site of H anna, and 1\fines Nos. One and Two opened up du ring t lie summc1· of '89, and a branch line of rnilroad wus laid connecting- to tJ1e nrnin fo1e at Allen Junction the fnll of the same )'Ca r." Onl)' a few houses were built during the f_ew years that ~ ~1 1m~s min~ was beiuu operated. The company store provided the necc-~,.1tie.. 101· the rcsidents°of the town. The boarding house wns operated b,v ,Jo b X ixon. In his 1·eport for the year 1891, G. W. Megeath, Supcrintenclrnt of i he R ailrond's Coal Department, had this to say of the Daua pro pert y : "The mine is worked by a slope wl1ich runs in a not"tlterly direction diagonally across the dip. The dip of the lop e is 1tbout six.teen degrees, while the seam dips about twenty-six d egrees. Length of slope, 1,300 feet; thickness of senm us mined, ,<C'Ven feet. The coal does not give satisfaction fol' domestic or s tatio na ry use, an<l has been found quite dangcTous for locomot ives on account of its tendency to spo.1·k. The mine is thoroughly equipped with tt standard tipple as at No. Three in Rock Springs. imd the manner of min_ing 1~nd hoisting the cottl is the same. The cump is also equipped with sixty-two tenement houses and the madiincrv und buildings are il1 first-class condition. The total cost ()f in~prn,·ements, $95,000. ·w11ilc the coal in t!1e bottom of the scum is getting somewhat s~1:onger, t he cha~ge 1s not marked enough t.o indicate the p1·obab1hty of e,•er getting t~ Yery valuable article by going deeper. Coal of a mucl_1 better quo.hty cnn be produced so much cheaper at Hanna that it would not be economy to continue to use this con!. Thre~ levels_ hnve ~cen turned and considcrnb1c trouble has been cxpe!·1enced m keepmg up the top and preventing the bottom from heaving, as the fire-clay underneath the coa1 becomes moistened. " T h~ mutc1·ial in the _mine will be pulled out in the spring a nd used else" here and the mine allowed to fill up. The plant wrn be Jookcd after by a W1ttchm1111. S110uld it become necessary in the future t~ take.coal from this point, the slope can be reopened and new cntne;; d1:mm below the present workings. The mine has not been wo1·ked smce lust spring." 1Vorkme1.1 at the Dunn mine were given employment at other company prop~rbes. The ruins of some of the old buildinrrs may still be seen t h e· _old site. Close by old Carbon, and the younger H:nna Dana took its it t p1uc:c Ill tl1c c1ttegory of "ghost towns." ' Pleasant Valley, A Utah Property Tells of Pleasant Valley, Utah, that nestles under the mountain in the a now almost ghosted town where a small tand of the Mormons, k I l • • d T • quan1I 1r of coal- f ~r t~uc , ; au ,aget LVS Yllet m.inel .d. el~B~lfo ~/ the many fine men who officwleu at 1 1easa,11 a ey, inc u ~ng is,wp Sharp who not onl led his flock well, but became one of lJ_tah s most noted coal mining official;, Mine fires, f llults a,id taxes. al~ combined to lead to the demise of this once fruitful property, 1~here English , . Scotch ~nd elsh miners loiled below groiuul in a seam oj coal twenty-eight feet III tlnckness. '!7 HE Pk11.san~ Y~lley coal mine was tak:n over by The Union Pacific T Coal Compa11y 111 N o,·embcr-, 1890, with the trtmsfor of the Utah Northern R 1tilwuy t n the Oregon Short Linc, a subsidiiu·y of the Union Pncific Railruncl. P J..1m t nt Valley, originally called Scofield, \\'as situated one hundred twc·nly miles south of Salt Lake City, in Emery County, Utah. The fir I' rni111· in the -Pleasant Valley Seam had been opened nine vcaTS p rc,·ion.-. Io tla· trans fer by The Utah Centru1 Con! Company. With the opening of the mi ne, 11 scam of co,i] twmt1-eight. feet thick wns found, whid1 proved 1•1111"tinuous throughout the mme. W1tl1 a ~andstonc floor and roof, the fuhnc of t he mine seemed assured. An accident, l10wever, upset the miuc'1- b1·ight prospects on New YeaL·'s mo_rning, 1~84, when the tipple caug ht fire. burned dowry, and set the coal m the m1!1e ablaze. ,John i\IcLeitn nnd hiii son were killed in the flumes and the mme tunnel 11·us pcrmnncntly scaled. A year later the mine was holed into fi:01? Slope !'{o. Two, through which all the coal was hoisted. H owever, mmmg was confined to the P leasant Valley Seam. As the work progressed, the Utah Central Coal Company bou~ht certain lands held by individuals in t11c locality, and in the early 5l)ri_ng . • wns opened on tl1e same seam. Since the first mine of 1884 another mmc • was ca11ed N 1 0• One• The Fo1 . ·c.man 1n:ts senled permnncntlv t he new mme 11886•, .., ' · • d • I • c unb who oµened both mines was John Fife, who continue m c ial g II , . R 11 A . • Inter Mr. Russe ,msd when he was rche"ed by James usse • year . . ·k t d ti c mme was wo1 e • • d 1 succeeded by W. G. Sharp as Superinten cn , nn • d h _ . . until. 18 9" Those " ·I10 lo.tel' operate t cGp rop und er Sharp's direction :ti. . . crty were ,v. ,v. Hale, J. R. Sharp, , ;v , B. R ae, Gomer Thomas, corgc A. Murphy, and Bernard Ncwren. 11 When The Union Pacific Coal Company took over tl; Ple.::;1;.~!:t:~ 1 properties in November, 1890, the Coal Company had een nt to solve ' but two months. Many -problems arose f 01. tl1e new mannueme .h , s the Rio tl1e nnnes 11 11 . ,·ng . -1 d 1 f . port of the one o which was that the onlv ra1 roa sci' . • exce1p . t f.10111 tl1e itnnun1 ic . <le 1Vestcrn. The following G inn 123 �HlSTORY OF UNION P ACIFIC CO,\L MINES 124 Conl Compnn). f01._t]te .J'"cnr 1891' by its Superintendent, G. ,V. :\fcgenth• tells of this situation: "On account of t he Union Pacific hnving no trncks to this • ·ti II onl being shipped from Scofield to Provo over the nnnc ,n I n c . 1· . d Tl t . . Rio Grunde Western, the output 1s 1m1tc . tc prcscn . cnpitcity would be nbout 600 tons of screened con! p er day. The Rio Grnndc 'IT' "'1 -~ 95 JlCl' ton for ,the haul from Scofield to " cs t crn c I1a i·=s ~ 0 11roro. a distnnce of 11 little o,·er <i7 mtles nnd p::t)'S no rcnt::'-1 for O f thr rnion Pacific cnrs. For n number of yeur:-. it hni> ti tc use • con I f or ti It' l ' t '.1I1 1) • •• been customary to supply the cngmc . 1,·1s1011 from tliis mine. On the first of October, 1891, appl11·ation wn.s mncle to the Rio Grnnde W estern for n reduction in lhl' frl'ight rnte to $1.00 per ton. The request was declined, nml tlw •l l'<lt'r for rnginc coal for the Utnh Division wns transferred from_~ eolicld to Rock Springs, it being thought nclrnntn~cous t-o the 1111,•rc,l- t, of the Company to hnul con! from R ock Spnngs t-o ~ nit T,11ke m l her thnn to pay the Rio Grande Western $1.25 per ton fu r the I .nu! fro111 Scofield to Provo, und then haul the coul from PrO\O to Snit Lnkc o,·er the rnion Pacific. The trinl hns dcmom,hated I he fncl thnt it is chcnpcr to fuel the Utnh Division from flock ... pring,. "Could 11 rntc of $1.00 per ton be secured, it would prnlJ11bly be economy to take the conl from Scofield mine for the ("!ah DiYii.ion. E,·cr)·thing in and surrounding the mine is in good condition, excepting the foct that the present workings arc s unoundcd a lmost entirely by down-throw faults: and if the mine :.houl<I at any time in the ·11c1{r futu re be worked to anything ncnr capacitv, it "·ill he necessary to put in some sy,-tem of hnulnge, nnd it is possible the ground cnst of the mine will have to be prospected with n diamond chill. Assuming thnt the sn111c body of con I ex is ts bcyo11d the down-throws, the mine will In t for a grent many ,·cars. At prr11cnt it is only being worked to take cure of t he. connncrcinl trade." Despite these difficulties and uncertainties, the Compnn.v continued to help the town to. g1·0,~ and p1:osp_er. A ph:,rsician was bi-ought in and a schoolhouse was bmlt. l p to t1us hme clnsses hnd been conducted in the meeting house of the i\Iormon Church, which. incidcntnlh·, was the on]y church ever to be established in Plcnsnnt Valley, ev.cn though the :\Iormons mndc up only one-third of the total population. All of the grades were tnught by ),Jisc; Mny Kimball, who lnte1· married n geologist for t!1e Ftnh Fuel Company, becoming 1\Irs. Robert Forrester. :\Irs. Cunnmgham, whose husband acted ns the town phvsicinn for two ycnr s, was thr second tencher. • • . The town c?ntinucd to grow, the population rising from 600 persons m 1890 to 800 111 1897. The most of the 1·cside11ts were English. Scotch nnd Welsh. In the middle nineties. the Coal Compnny went to the courts to contest tin• lrnmcstend clnims of the townspeople. 1.'hc Company point- ..,_ ___________ Pu:ASANT VALu:v, A UTA11 Pnort:nn 125 that it had taken oYer the mines with the undcrstund· ti t II • tng rnt the cd ou d ·ti t fe r include ti c o n property in the town. However th trans I 1· th t I C "d d ""'ai11st t 1cm, ru mg n t 1c ompnny owned onlv ti , c. court tlcc1 c rI• I •l d f . 1c mme and ncrcs of mineral , an d th nt the on·nc property, w 11cI 1 cons1s c• oT 1,5'1<2.5 l ·t held no rights over tic town site. IC result of the suit crcntccl no ill ~ccling brb\'ccn the Compnn_y nnd . the hon~cstcnd~rs, nncl soon nfter the decision , the Con! Compnn_y deeded n portion of its lnnd to the town to b used ns n cemetery. c , Vith the financial panic of 1897, the clcmnnd for commerrinl con( ncccssnry to close nnd seal the mine1 which re. brcnmc _ . 1III••Ill d ice! , and it moincd idle until 190,, when it was opcmtccl for three years, to be agnin ,1 ·cd bccnu,c of luc k o f mnrkct. The ,vorld Wnr, howc\'cr, ushered in I OS • 1 • I k f . 11 business boom wh ~1·. 1 nga1n opener up n mnr ct or. conl from tins aren, b 11t- The C11io 11 Pa1·11ic Coal Compnny wns now dcfimtcly out of the comrein! con I b11 , i1w,, nnd wns concentrating all its facilities on thl' pro~rt~ction of rn ilrnnd fu d , with the result that it lensed its Plensnnt Vnllcy, or Scofidd, propu·tit'> on ~Iuy 1, 1917, to the Scofield Con! Com~nn_v, composed of ( n •o! 1,;1 E. P exton, O. E. Brnclbur_v, nnd J. H. ~fartm of En111~to11. ' ' , omm!.., . Berna rel :,; l'II 1, .1. who wns agent in charge during the time the mine ·"cl • 11 I 1-.. n·hinrcl bv the new compnny ns Superintendent. Newrcn WIIS ,.lo ' :,,, • • • , • • L. hncl II Jon~ n e1) rd u f -.i' n·itc in the Plcnsnnt , alley m1_ncs, hnvmg _U\:gun work there 11 t the ll " l' of ten as n grcnser boy on the tipple, carr_v111g on his school \\ Ork li1.·t7'•ccn wOl'k shifh. Like mnny other men who rose to high position-.. in till' conl compnny, 1ewren had served n hnrd apprenticeship us 1Trt•a,cr. trnppcr, furnncc tender on the large furnaccdtl1nt • • Iamp-01·1 a·ts t rt·butor , powder bov the mmc, . , nn asirns used to r-,·enhlntc sistnnt weigh111nn. , · rns closl'cl Durinn- the period in which the Plcnsnnt ~ nllcy mmel ,l\J" N.r s' "' mesn , foro.• fort I1c l ' ta h F uc I Compnfl)'.' winch f opera S fiteeId I By Newrcn w·orkecl One nncl Four nt " ,inter Qunrtcrs, two ~tics rom co c.. · 1 en the w1 tunntc chance lw wns absent f rom thc w I ntcr Quarters I ·u1mmc the Joss of two clisnstrou:-. du~t explosion of iiay 1, ~900, to?fik pCac~, 2~mpnnv in Fcbruhuodrcd lives. R t•h1rning to The Umon [a~• c bd0\g the fii~c thnt still ur)·, 1908, he wus assigned to th~ tns • \/~c ;~s made wcighboss at burned in the 01·igi1111l No. One Mme. :i:,at h t·me und in 1909 he ,r • • 1 d b d m t c mean 1 , .~o. T wo 11me, wluch 1n ccn open~. e held until on Junr 1, 1911, was promoted to mine clerk, the position hd agent in chnrgc of 1 1President nnd General with tl1c closing of the mine, he wus mad c /en propcrtv. On :\Inv 1, 1932, Ncwrcn was mah~ I 1ccnt·1nul'd to operate the "I • of the Scofield • . p. 8 • ., nnu<rer ConI compnny ' w 1ct·I co nuscd The Union ., Vallcv property unti·1 excess•·ve tnxa ion c .d P leasnnt •I . tY the tnxes lene • • t 0 u8 ndon t ic p i oper . , b Ob c1fic Coal Compnn y, the owners, n It tlii·n thnt could c • • ,, re , the Conl Comp11ny ' 5 • ,; ttpon it fnr exceeding any rentnI nnd 1·ova 11 tnincd. ·with the abnndonment of Plensnntll I n]dc1='n'gs in the Grnss Creek •in t crests •m l •tnh were restnc • t cd t O 1·ts smn 10 field. �SPRING CH APTER X IV. Spring Valley, Where Oil Drove Out the Miner Tells the story of a mine m!d village that was endou·cd wit!, l,ilfl, hopes, only to pass out in less than six rears from cau_ses seldom ~xpenencPd in the annals of coal mining-the ~ntrance of. o,/ ?nd gas 1.1110. the /o,cer u•orkings of the mine. Here a mwe was dm:en 111lo an. oil f,p/c/ 1 whicl, status applies tu it to tltis day. the sce,~e of much prospeclu1g._ Here a town 1vas built. with comfortable homes. sidewalks. trees. a publtr school and Episcopal and ,l/ormon churches. Here _Clwrles ~Jorgan u·l!o. is 110w joy. ously living out !,is sunset days as a rellred pensioned Old T1111er. worked as Master Mechanic, and "Sandy'· Briggs. whose ashes rest under the monu. 11w11t t>rectrd aboue abandoned No. One Mine at 1/anna. ~crl'l'd "s ::>11 pcrintendrnl when Spring Valley teas closed as being too gasn and ll it!, too many oil sc"epages tu operate safely. T HE first coul in the \'icinity of Spring \'ulley \\H :. d i:.co, l•1·cd by soldiers who were patrolling the countr_y when the rai ll'llnd 11 ·1:. being put through in 1868.,V. A. Carter, n spcculntor, took u p n ~wtion of this land, which was locntcd on the main line twenty mile~ l·a-.t o f E,•nnl>ton, and began the work of developing n mine. 'l' hc scam he worked became knml"n as the Curter Ycin. Later the Cnrtcrs bccnnw interested in cattle, but the familv still holds this section of t"onl lnnd. :'.'\ot until 1899, when it bcc11111e c,·id;nt thnt the opcrntions at Almy would hn,·e to be discontinued, and thnt it would be ncce ·snry to provide othl•r suu rct•s uf fuel, did The Lnion Pacific Coal Company decide to open a mine on its land adjoining the C'nrtcr section. In Xo,·cmbcr nf thnt ycnr August Paulson, one of the Compnny's prospectors, who had JH'eYiously pointed out the site to the Company, was sent to Spring Yullcy with II crew of men to open the mine. Railrond workmen were grading in the Spring Valley arcn for a new roadbed for the main line which wns being relocated to run through the Aspen Tunnel, fiye miles west, aud the main slope of the Spring Valley mine passed under the trncks where the grnding crews were working. v" LFY \V11Ettt: 011. D11ovE OuT TUE M1NEns I , •• b • of the Company's mines dming the years preceding and bended 11. nur~i11 ClO f the century. David G. Thomas followed Bowns during after the tui . Hc in turn was relieved by Alexnndcr "Sandy" B1·iggs, the sa111c yciu. upt'rintcndent of the mine until its closing. I1o scn·ed as b . f houses were brought from Almy, while the Company w ' A nuni 11 ci 0 ~ern brick homes, lighted with electricity. Sidewalks were built others, ~ pl intcd und a schoolhouse was built for the youngsters t • • I Tl1c Conl ComJni d, rec s WCI C·t, t witlt' D. R. i\IcCu1·tnin as prmc1pa. of the comm~n;,1·' 'buildin ir of the schoolhouse and even paid the teachers p1111~· finnnccc ~-t Y orrrn7'ized n school district and took over the formal until the co111mfu1t1l •. cl~ool .The school trustees, J oseph Martin, James 111111111 "cment O :. · f I e o r .t1_1c t ~wn. rd Chnrk-,ll i\[org-a ,•1• :-.cn ·ed throughout t 11e b rte Knox, nn 1 0 f '°' 1wing \' 1\Jlev more than three hundred fom1ltes lived In the h~yc n_v \ Ii wcli'-;.cmcmbcred names ofI Spring Vnllcy nrc • ti • nllnge t m,mg 1 l .,.,, t in ic • I " f \ \1"ilcs Store l\Innagcrs; C mr cs lnorgnn, ,. ·k ,Yhclnn on ' • • •' . fi S wno d ~,c r :\fcchlllllt, nncl ) lrs. :Morgan, who orgamzcd th~ .rst u~ ny \I'll~ ) Jastc l • I of ,Id t imer s some of whom were "r1Jham ,v1Ikcs, SC'11ool, andc tJ l n un! ,er I " \ Bri~g's Edwnrd Attrydc, W. H. Groutngc, A. G. Hoo ' o:.t I' t llll< I.), •. I oJ '1 G ddard and H J Groutngc. \Yilli11111 ~ ordl•,··, II. ,Jol111 a nrc> l>, o m o .' • • . bl t 1,he Railr oad ('o,11 pnny bu ilt a ln~·gc dcp?t an d kmstalle~ n tu1n~u li::k • • II :\r t, lC' k-, a tipple with s11a ·er sc1ecns, an Spr111g 'n cy]., , • inc>t Jl ..;I fo;, the> handling of the coal. Evc1·ything that srnlcs. were n :-o tm, IL ._ C · dicntcd that . . done both br tl1l' H. 111lroncl and by the Conl om~any, m .. i1n~ ' • I Id tinuc to exist for many ye111s. the,r were build ing a _to\\ n t rnt wou con • ·d shanties but the Herr wns 110 Ry-by-111ght ca111p of tcn~s and clo.pboa1 ' beginning of n prnrn1nc11l ;-(.'tt lcment, ,t would seem. . • t} • l for water. At PiedThe tir-,t difficulty e11countercd was m_ 1c sea11' c ! t f ct deep The • • ti 1 1. , an artestan we nrnc y c • mont, six 1111lcs away, . . th' Piedmont well water to c c \\as cornpan,· wished to tap the strcn1~, brmgm~ ttsd tl at the strcom would the Spring Ynller :.itc. 'l'hcii· cngrnecrs cSbmn c ; ct for drilling two be rcnchccl ut 1,jg5 feet nt Spring Volley, so 11 con rn re From n number of scums locntcd in t he immedint<' region, t he scnm ~elected for dc\'elopmcnt was chosen Yery largely because of the fnct that it wns located close to the rnilrou<l's mnin line. The coul also appMrccl to be especially desimblc for railroad fuel. Luter when t he con) wns placed on the locomotiYcs the ruilrond firemen ' not being accustomed to this • particular con!, ohjected to it, clniming that "one bucketful would ensily makt' n11 equal Yolumc of asl1cs." In 1900 Gus Paulson, cager to return to his prospecting, was succeeded as )Iinc Supcrintencfont by James Bowns, the ::\Iormon Bishop who r 126 127 81Ro's EYE ' tEW. OF SPRrNc VALl,EY The Lown "as was" before it became u " ·'deserted village. �128 Htsronv OF UN10N PACIFIC Co"· PRING 'ltNES V \LLEY. WHERE O1L Dnov•: Otr Tlir. , • ,, 1INF.RS l29 . d feet npnrt at Spring Vnllcy was gi\'en to a man nan, 1 ,i-ells t h ree I1und t e . • ,1 I b f • C< r b . II Tlte first well did not attam its uept I e ore otl wa., enNe e1gn • d ·1r I • d countered. Nebergall continued r1 mg, 1owc,·c1·, _going own to the 1 185 foot lcl'd, where, instend of water, he found otl. ':f'he well was then nbandoned, und the railro1td httulcd wntcr to ~he town 111 tank curs until n supply of domestic ,rntcr wns subsequent 1y l 11sco1•ercl1• n,, this time, oil wns beginning to pro\'e n Mrnr<·e of trouble 111 the mine. it :-.eCJl('il into the workings nn<l caused the, l,1nuln_ge 11 ay;,, l~> hcai'l'. Frequently the miners had to l~wcr the tracks. J he ~ii formed _in In •·~e pools in the low places in the !nme, and. on ~ne occas11m, lll'C'Ord111g to It report by ('harks i\Iorgan, m111c1:s cnn1ed e1~hty powder hul'kl•I ~ of oil out of one low pince in the ,rnrkmgs. The 011 tnkC'n from I he 1111nt• was used to lubrimte the hoisting engine. When new,- of lhi.; ~liowing o f oil bccnmc public. oil men began to show nn interC'st in the ~pring- \'itllt•\ district. nn<l one San Francisco firm went so for n, to file 011 an oil tlnim. The mntter wns tnkcn into the F cdernl court, but tlw ::--an P1·11n<:ii.rnns fnilecl to :-ecu1·c oil producing rights superior to the Co·d C'o11 pnn"'' ronl producing rights. The court ruled, after a k t :-howtd t hn l a 11:dl locnted in the nn'n produced only n bnrrcl nnd n half of oil a day . thnt the public intcrl'st would be served better by the production of rnnl than of oil. Thus con! continued to hold the upper hnnd in the S prin•r \'allcY territory, nlthough oil still is being produced there in :-mall qunnllt ics. I~ n 1ray, oil won II Yictory over con!, howe,·er, for the pn•-;cnCl' vf tht• oil in the mine wns one of the mnjor factors in cnusinrr the mine nnd town to he nbnnd~ned in 1905.. The se~ond mnjor fnctor~1·u;a; the great qunntity of cxploli1ve gas found 111 the mml'. The Con] Company. did not relinquish the town without a fight. R l•siclencc houses stretched m rows on the side of the hill and in tht' l'nlle,• • I Oil derrir/. ~/WI( in~ 11 glimpse of the town of Spring Valley_in the distance, also the mi11r tipp/1•. Spring f'alley has long been a deserted village. 1tnd there ,,•a:,, ,L hall built U)' the Finns for their socinl gntherings. There ,rn nlso a public dance hnll, n saloon, nnd Episcop~l and Mormon churchei.. The town hnd dug its roots in deeply for nil its few years. of life and the Com1>nn ,· which had nurtured the growth of the communtlity • loath to sec •it vnms • h • 1n an a.ttempt. to save nnd' its acti,·itic , wns . h d' 1c_ •c1 • d prospecting drive wit in town the Comp1rn v cond uctcd a in cspren . t th 1 ' • f tL: tmg was to oca c c mond drills. The principal purpose O ms prospec d f d floor . f d I with soun roo nn Kemmerer Scam, It tl11ck senm o goo con . . th n bcin~ mined. fa series nnd fine mining l·onditions in the places where it "as c y 11 y scam was one o , • It had been determined that t l1e S prmg a cd b ti Kcnimercr scam. . Spnng . Vn IIcy sci.•ies was I Ocatc c1ow ff tic to locate it came nnd that th1,II nd The scum sought proved elusive, however, a . abc or sc more nnd more ccnm • t o nothmg. Mennw h'l •1 c t h e Spi.•mg Valle)' . d mmet 0 th sixth cntrv und was dangerous to operate. It had been driven ·be ·some 0 ( the finest producina coal with fifty-eight per cent fixc cai onb, coming altogether • "' . W yommg, • b u t th c 1110rkings were t·nue c found m to enter them. qun11ty I let the men con • Is,· t t oo d nngerous for the Compnny ? . e but tlic compuny offi cin There had been but few accidents Ill th~ min ' the watch to forestall realizing the serious hazard, were continua Y on a mine tragedy • d t • t d t Super1ntcn en b05s rcpor e o • I t fi One dny in the year 1905, the re . f caYcs inn volume 1u • that gas was •pouring · ·m t o the mmc1 rolll I kings nnggs h O out of t 1e ,vor • 0 rdereci t c 111c could not well be cared for. B nggs °."':; ! �130 HISTOIIY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL 11NES nnd reported to his superiors. He was promptly ini.tructed to clo I mine and to seal it up, which he did. Some of the workmen wer<' k sc t le the site to dismantle m_nchincrJ; others were transferred to the c~;ha~ company mines. 'fhc boilers and stacks were tnken down and ship d Ct Cumbcriand. The houses were dismantled, the majority of them p~ • to lrnuled to Hnnnn, whc1·c No. Thl'CC l\l ine wns then being opened T:ing wns ]cft, within the yenr, not even the skeleton of the busy . icre ' I • mtt.s·Iuonin town that hn<l producctI 495,l H tons o f l11g I grnclc coal iu its hr' f .• •c SIX. .Ycnrl- of ndi\'itY, . nnd S1)l'ing Ynllcv, . with all its hopes for [>"" l'lllllllt•nc bccurnc _just 1111othcr "ghost mining town." <: , CH APTER XV. Cun1berland, A Great Producer Tells of Cumberland, a lilting name borro d f I range that sweeps dow11 through flirginia Kw~ ,e lo/ty mountain /,«ma. crowned with lofty pines laurel ~nden ulcby, . deni:eslslee and Ala' 14.130 --??6 ' coal was trec ,vnere tons of spIendid k . erne • tlO l r• A Camp decades. a school for engineers and mine ma~/n outhin ess tl,an 0 three L. McCarty's service as a doctor of medicille a!~rfr 0 t el, scene / Frank epidemic of small pox with whiskey used inl:rnall e conquered an it u;as that the mine slopes w.ere driven down O milifan 1e:,iern~lly. Here on a tu:enl)'·lU:O degree pitch. only to stop wl,en 2 oorooml / /mine pbortals, d dl '·b " .I " h ' ee~ o over urden jn d'e11 B "~} .. um ps.d sfau!' b/ far and no further." Tells of Cumberan i s Sam '. a ,;iond er. u en l~tg of reed and brass," that ,•et lives on as t11eb up1•nor ,an ' with memortes of the gallant Jlla1·or i t rs, Iormer J JI · /' · · 11 • , mem e; o, • fl~la~IC • ,,,,,estr s Coldstream Guards, who, wearing a gorgeous us I\ t '! ' t' 1~c ies ta , /11,s br~ast covered with medals won in Africa, led the OM T1111,•rs Parade as J\Ja1or•Domo- unti/ he too went west. //"1./ d d~ c,·u·,, t T H_E tu rn o_f the ccntmy fo~nd The Union Pacific Coul Company muw, work111g nt full cnpnc1ty to supply the demllnds of the Rnil1·oud; in fact the company's production wns running behind .~chedule. ~Vith ~lac ~•arbon field nl111ost worked out; with the operating cost mountmg d111ly m the Hock Springs original No. One Mine, and six other mines located there closed; with the last mine at Almy shut down, and Dann, Twin Creeks nnd Grass Creek turned "ghost towns"; with Plettsnnt Valley temporarily closed due to transportation costs, and with the Colorado mines abandoned, the Coal Company had no choice but to locate and ope~ new mines, und that as quickly as possible. Consequently, the en1·lY. sprang of 1900 found a party of prospectors following the banks of n smnll mountain stream that originated far back in the hills of Uinta County, ,vyoming, where Captain J ohn C. Fremont h_n d mndc the first coal discover.v in 1848. Where Dry Creek intersects with Little :Muddy, ncnr what was then known as Little Muddy Gap, the prospectors encountered favo rable outcroppings and established what wns destined to b~comc one of the prosperous con! camps of the intcrmountain west. :he site wns only a few miles south of the old ]inc that hnd separated Mexican territory f;om Oregon before the great western land transfer was mndc to the United States in 1848. . T he location was promptly dubbed Cnmp Muddy nnd Camp _Muddy n it remained until the tents nnd bunk houses gave way to the bnck n cl frame buildings of a real village. Reliance, the settlement's next munc, was soon succeeded by Cumberland. The Jnttcr nnrne, chosen by F. L. 131 n �132 CUMBERLAND, A GREAT PRODUCER HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES l\IcCnrty, Cnmp Forelllllll, who Inter becnmc l\Iinc Supcri_ntcndcnt at Rock Springs, wns selected because .Muddy. Creek Gap_ rcn1111ded him of the Cumberlnnd :Mountains in tl~c Blue R,dg~ range m the eastern part of the united States. So promising was the site that the Oregon Short Linc n subsidiary of the l'nion Pacific Railroad, sc t n crew to work breaking ground for u branch line from )foyer Junction tu the tent Yillngt'. 'flw l'Otd company workml'll did not, howcw·. begin digging conl i111111cdiat,<•ly, since the brnnch rnilroad wus not to be completed until the following :\larch. Instead t he \' busied themselYes in ~~tnblishing n pcrmnnrnt town a n cl construeting 11 plnnt l h n t would be capable of hcaYy production Inter. Some experiences of that first winter were recorded bY Fo1·cmnn :\IcCnrty i~ t(1e Rmploycs' iingu:t.me f o r June, 1926, wherein he said: ~ - - --- the rnilroud, n_nd the Foreman frequently had to treat cases that should , lin<l hospitnl care, but the men afterward scemrd none the woi·sc f . )lt\C . 1· I . • 111 Ithe trcntment. Of l11s 111c( ,ca cxper1e11ccs, 1'.lcCurty relates: "Onc1• we hnd a real ::.care, which some of the bovs will rcc ber, thut caused no md of excitement at the time nnd consider111 111 nblc 11 11111sc111l'11_t 1~ftcrwurd. It happened i1,1 the early i;pring of 1901. The 111a.1or1ty of my bunch of huskies took ill, nil in the spiice of u fl',\ duy..,, nnd they were real sick. I had a hunch that 11 conhtgiou,,, di,,,cn,,,l "as prcvulent, but I could not figure out the trouble. IL wns lwyond 111y diagnostic ability. My brnin wus fast ' becoming ..,,·1·11111ulu l in trying to associate the symptoms with anything I'd k110\\ n. 11 hen nn old fellow named Ned Larkin came into the office. u11d '" ~cd wus plentifully pock-marked, it dawned on me thlll tlll' -,ol11 1 ion wus stumped on Ned's face. Questioning him ns to tht ..,~ IIIJI ,1111,,,. I found they checked fnidy well with those of my p at 1t·nl .. . ,o we booked the disease as smallpox. We were ath'isc<l 111111 th oul:y ,,urc cure was good whiskey, npplicd libernlly both intcrnnlly a nd cxtcn1ally. I ordered u ten-gallon keg from Kc1111111'1'l'l". 11 nd ~ cd, bdng immune, was placed in charge of thr ~ick. In t ill' 1111:nntimc prnctically the whole population of t he c11lllp had ~onl' to their bunks, but by liberal applications of whiskl'_\', pin::. ~eel'~ l'Xpcrit•nce, we h~d iu a short time the u_pper hand, with \'Cl')' f l' \1· of the boys bcurmg marks from the disease. ';l'hc pile of whi,-kcy requisitions written looke~ ns though each patient took a dailv bath in thut delectable fluid, but as we cume out without an): serious results there were no regrets. Neel's requisition:i would gcncrnlly rend: 'Plcuse deliver to "hospital" one gallon Old Hickory, cured in wood, for bathing Swedes.'" L...._ D_o you ';member old Snip and Trot, the Sup~rintendent s team at No. 1 in Cumberland? This pi~Iure u•as tak~11 in 1905 11•itl, A.£. Bradbury ancl lo 111 /. I!art-Just after the team ran a,mr JromNever 1111111/••llr. ,l/c:Carty. nu/ .~ed. "A smull commissary wns OJJ, , l • • 11 f • . • ~ne< ' cons1strng of fl \ ' C l'Y ll n • usunl ~tock. • ., , ovcru s rom size N -!8 I • up, with other articles f • i ~up, s toes from size ~ o. 11 nil six-footers spec· Io ._apparel lll proporti?n, As our crew were • in snes were ncccs • . A ,. t f Slll') • uc ter crew, however, like the gencrnl p 1 nny mining town lrnd ;ru.\1on nfhterwnrd, could not be found in l<') ecn c oscn from millions." To ~lcCnrty us Cnm F duties, not the Je~st of . , Ph orcmnn fell a heterogeneous collection of c,mnn11ssnry, · " 1He clwns, Gthe dut ), of uctmg • ns mine doctol'. The early designut s•ty the "doctor'~" q t c us cnt•rnl Heudquurtcrs became of necesf . . unr <'I'S too I ti . , • ronhcr hfc, lucking d • n ie midst of the roughest kind of trea tcd a JI the ailments u equate tools and t • • und • . . ruining, ~lcCarty single-handed mJur1cs of. ti IC mmcrs-and • Iuck.' common sense, nn<l th~ by ,•irtue of good pube_nts, he munugc<l to .· d splcu~id heulth of his rugged six-foot fotnht)•! and F rank wus ne,·e "m up lu s• me d'tcu I career without' a single out a license. Deep snows r prosecuted for practicing medicine withprevented the t1•n..nspor t a t·10n o f patients • to 133 I -~ - L · - - - -- - - --· - - -- ~ -~ - - - ::..:~- ~---- Old · t j ,1 · N ? Tipple and Boiler Plant at Cumberland, Wyo• I . t oal shipment made pie ure o 1, me o ming. No. 2 was opened iii November, 1900, t re 1irs c 0 19? 7 therefrom in April, 1901. The property was abandoned o11 June 3 ' - • �134, HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL M1NES CUMBERLAND, A GREAT P1101)UCF.1t The surrounding countrJside still bor e ev idence of cu l'l_y pioncerin and even licndstonc,; were found al g. P ar t5 0 f old o,·crland equipage • • Oregon ' f nu·1 I111cI 1·11II 0 11·c 1l t I1c cou rsc of ong ti . ti1C Irn", when' the orirrinnl b ] "J. D' . j I. I lt stream· to its headwaters on the llc::n .~11·c1· 11• 1c e, w 111· 1 t c:;tiffod to the pussnge of frontiersmen mm1y ycurs bcf_or e. _One ,·~•·~• promjncnt headstone, a few miles west of the eump, wns .1nscnbl'd with_ the F1·etH'h no.me, "Frnncois Grnmn.piccn," and elated 18.J,3. No doubt it 11·a s tlw restiiw pince of n fallen lender. The land itself wus s till wild enough. Dee r wei~ plentiful ttnd large herds of antelope ranged nearby. ~lcCarty recall~ that on Chri~bnns D uy of 1900, the men shot four head of d ct-1· in the "'ill°'r Gap Vicinity, where :i few days prcviou:,, 11 '1t•1·d of fol'l_y- twn had been reported. Agnin writes :\IcCnrty: ·'Co3•otes and wolves were numerous and prowll•d ,, c lo,1• to rump that several were shot from the tents. There Wl' r, f L·w 1•, P ilings thnt 11 chorus from n nen rby pnck or c,·crnl p11 cl ., w;i, not hcnrd. Trupping was a fo,·oritc pastime_, nnd many !.."od p, were brought to camp." n,, From i\lnrch, 1901, when the rnilroud brnnch to Cm11hcr l1111cl was completed, work hunicd forward npncc, and clul'ing thal prini-r and su111111e1· No. One Town and Mine No. One building:- we r e lilli,d1l'd. ~l ine No. One l111cl been opened during the winter, and thirtv- thrl'c t on~ 1,f conl h~cl been tnken out of it. In n short time this 111in~ was prod111·ing us h1~h ~s 3,000 tons u c~ay, o. record not equalled by any othe r one- tipple mine III the state. Clms J ohnson, httcr the M us te r i\fc:chanic nt Cuml>erland, ~n~ later Prei.ident of The l"nion P acific Coal Compan,· Old Ti 111e1·s' Associubon, was nt the hoist control!> when the first tl'i[) of l'Onl wn~ taken from No. One i\l ine. T hree yeai-i-; later he was ,mccecdctl bv Axd ,Johnson, ,~·110 hundlecl the lcYcrs until the lust trip t·a111e out of th~ Cumberlund _ mmcs on June "l - , 1980• ,_,o. •r wo '.\1'rne was opened ·111 1901, and ~o. Three was opened in 1905, d mmg ,· · f wh'1c)l year t I1c p1·od11ct1011 o 135 �136 Hisronv OF UNION PACIFIC CoAL MINES •cians in Rock Sp.rings. One of the early engineers ,v a1so became p llys1 E • . d S . . as nru· D av1"d B1·"1man ◄ ngmcet ll'l inm " , who became . A . an Gupcrmtendent of • Coal Company and still later ss1stant enenil :M aung I Supenor t1e ' U • p "fl C IC er, and then General Manager, of The mou ac1 c oa ompnny, leaving the latter position to become ~~anager of the Phelps-D~dge Corpol'aNew Mexico. When Mr.. Drennan d1ed on No,•nn . • t Da~·,•son •• , . " 1t 10n mmes a b . 1 1931 he was employed as President of the Utal1 Fuel Company ~~h iicadq~arters at Salt Lake City. The first Chief ~ngincer at Cum~ 11 bei·land was Frnnk A. :Manley, who eventually became V1cc President and General Manager of The Union Pacific Coal Company. On leaving the Company, be was employed by the O'Gara Coal ComJ>nny,_of_ Illinois, us \'ice President and General .Manager, and, at the time ot l11s death 011 August 2, 1987, he was in the service ~f the P!iiludelphia au<l Heading Coal and Iron Company of Pennsylvania. A third Cumberlnud engineer who later attained high place was J nmes Needham, who b i.:ctLUH' Genci·nl Supe1·intendcnt of the ,vashington Union Coal Company, a t To110. Wnshington, and later As- r sistnnt General Superintendent of The Union Pacific Coal Company at Cheyenne. l\lr. Needham was employed by the Republic Coal Company, 11 Montana property, with heudqu1uters in Chicago, at the time of his death. A fourth engineer was William Gctchcl, un<l there were hosts of others. The list of fonner company officials nt Cumbel'!nnd -includes besides Frnnk :i\IcCnr~ ilfir~e No. _2, Curnberland, boiler plant, tipple, ty, J o.ck Faddis ~liargmg stallon, etc. The garden plot in foreground George A. Brown Wil~ 1s the back 'yar,l of the late George F. Wilde, for liam MclntosJ1,' nnd ~a11)' '.rears_ employed at that point, sei•eral of whose ~_are still at work for the Company. Taken in George Bfocket·, who were at different periods employed ns l\Iinc Superintend t A . A. Wilde Jolui ~,r t '.\I' I eln • m . ong the Mme Foremen were George ' iua cs, l\ JC 1ae Bl k ,v·11· man Fearn. and Cl·i :· J h a e, 1 1am Tate, John Hunter, Ly, 11s o nson Tom D • d employed as ~Iastci· °'il h . ' avis an Arthur T. Henkell were i, cc amcs at the C b ·l d . 11 now deceased later b G um e1 nn properties. Mr. Henke , Coal Compa~"' ut RccakmeS c_ncro.l Master Mechanic of The Union Pacific J oc C prmg· Horace Levesque late. h' s. Store °':I i ,· anagers at Cumberland were 1 ' as. icr of the Superior National Bank, Superior, CUMBERLAND, A GREAT PRODUCER t 1 ~~2 J 137 w·yoming; S. D . Briggs, who became Cashier of the Hanna State a nd Savings Bank; H.J. Harrington; J. A. Williams; H. Harris; Nels E . Youngberg; John H. Holmes, and Harry Clal'k. Cumberland is today a "ghost town," its mines One and Two, that dipped down to a depth of 2,000 feet below the surface of the valley, are yet living memories to many men stiJl in the employ of the company, 11;; wc.11 us many hundreds scattered throughout Wyoming, Utah, Idaho and the '\Vest. The Cumberland band of fifty-three pieces, a wonderful blending of brass and reed instrumental music, was organized in time to appear nt the First Annual Reunion of The Union Pacific Coal Company's Old Timers' Association, held at Rock Springs on June 13, 1925. The leader was Bnndmast.er Bovero, with Major Griffiths, former member of His BriUn.nic Majesty's Coldstream Guards, carrying the baton. Farewell old Cumbc:rland, you carried a great part, and gallantly, in the drama of western life, for thirty long, arduous years. �Sul'En1on, SECOND ON1,v Tu Roc1< SPRINGS 139 CHAPTER XVI. thu t way." The o rigi.nnl cook kept his thu.nkless job and t he men continued to sit down to their rather unpalatable food. Superior, Second Only To Rock Sp1ings Drinking water w,1s obtained from springs in the vicinity of the cnmp, nnd wild gnme, including de.er, antelope, and sage chickens, was found 111 nbundnncc. Thus the crew had all the necessities of life within rend, anc! w~re ~1~t altogether depc~dcnt on the commissary wagons that 111udc pcr1od1c ,·1s1ts from Rock Spnngs, the headquarters. It required nn L•ntire day to dri\'t' by buckboard and mule team from Rock Springs to the camp, c,·en when the weather wns good, and it was not unusual in winter time, wl1c11 the con11niss1ny wagon wns overdue, for the prospectors to shou lder their .,hovels nnd, after a long t rudge, to find the buckboard stuck fns t in 11 ;.nowdrift. At times the men worked for hoUl's before they t cmld ch•111 Ilw t rnil sutlicicntly for t he rig to reach camp. The rnthcr pri tn iti" : life in t he tent:; greatly enhanced the attractiveness of Rock Springs to the n r w nt work i n the canyon, and the me!! looked forward h cnly to tht>ir oc·casional return to town, although, according to Mr. Sw ann , th, ir 11w11cy mclterl nway qttickly when they came in. A favori'tc n11t1hc.mt•nl ' " I" tha t of pouring nick<'ls in slot music machines, disp<'l ling ,, ifh tlw 11i,•l-dud ia 11 th<: '{ilcnce of the hills with which t heir cars were Ii lied. Tl,is chapt,•r tells of a sturtly. productive mining community wl the last mine, construc/1•il i11 1938, icill con!i_nur to prod1_1cc coal (if coc:l~~ used ). for thrrc-quar/ers_ of ~1 century. fli' 11!t (lfOSp~ct,ng begun 1:11 !YOO 0111/ prn,lu~·tion com11~e11c11'.g 111 1906. the ~up~nor_':..11~u•::, rank s,•cond ouly to those of Rock Spnngs m total produc//or,. 23.51;,.10 I tons. I II the fort :rears ,d,iclt /rave pass~d s~ncc Morgan_ Griffiths led his _prospectors tou·11r~ Horse Thi1!f Ca11yo11. six 111111~ 11•erc built lo prorluc~ until ••.\lt<tu::.t NI, the la.{l of thl's<·. The D. 0. ~lark Jll~r,e. capable of prod11c111g 111,,,.,, coal in twr11 ty. four /,ours th1111 all its co:11b~ned predecessors ~-ould 111u1 , ui•er lf1t•ir thirty. incl, ~UU!.f,1' trncks. Superwr ts the home. four /mws 11·011. ,,{ the liflle bron:e lady 1111d /,er cfiild, the ··Scntir1els of Safety.. trophy. a u <1r./Pd jor oulsla11d. ing sc,jl'l)' rt•cords. It u•as here rears ago that ··]ad·· ~ mill built ,1 teacherage lo house a l,o:;t of lovely, smiling school teacher., . the 111,•mori,:.~ of 1d1icl, /,ave kept him single but still admiring. The C,,1, pa11J \ " liigliest ubove .wa lrvcf" dcrrlopmerll, Sur,erior carrit·s its hca,I lt'l'lf up in the clourls. AT THE time thnt the woTk of prospecting was bcincr earrit•d on in the rici11ity of Ctm1bcrla11~, l\lo~·gnn Griffiths aml a pn7"ty of pl'Ospector,; ~truck out f_rom Hock Sprmg:- Ill n northeasterly clircdio11 to prospect rn Ho_rsc Thief C'1~11yon, where it was known that out('rnps of a promising <~ep?s1t of _coal existed. 'rhcy hnd to trn,·cl but twent\' miles l>cfo rc cstnbhslnug their camp. A })icturcsquc place. the canyon wi{,,. named l>y the en riv • d ti·Hl t n gang o f outlaws had • made 'this their • rcncfc;,.• •settlers·, who c·I~u~nc vous nnd the h1<l1110' J)lnc,· · f · ti • · ·t I J 'I' l I . o '- 01 ICII S ll en .IOJ'~Cli. lC CU llVOJI \\'ltS Oil Y one of •sc,·crnl . • hs and his• . . II1 tiic area to s I10w outcroppm"'s of coa l Griffit 0 • • party wl1 I1 I d l G · • • Eic me u cc us Paulsen, m chrcct churrrc of the ti.eld work nnd Cl111 l'-1cs , S • Cl • . b ' • • ." nnn, now 11cf Engmcer of The l'11io11 Pacifi c Coal Compunv, w110 dicl the sun•eyi d • tent·~ 111 • ti · ng an mnppmg of the pro:-pects, pitched thrrc , 1c can yon to u •e • , . nncl mes . I II • ·I . I :; as n Ilium camp. The largest was used ns kitchen 1 '' 11 c ft 1c other t \\O • t en t s se1·vcclJ as s1ecptn"' • quarters nnd storage sr iu , O oom. nc o the l'l'ew . d I d o 'ti the undcrstnn<l·11117 ti· t "us c egnte to cook for the party, w1 1 • • 111 nn,·one ·I10 I • cl • Id nmncdiately be cl~ . t I ·' " eomp nme about the cookrng wou cominir ro1: , 0111 ~t~g,i cbt to tnkc O\'er the job. No complaints were forth,., ~ C IDJC lit O • • ulm·ly inl'cliblc on Or'tl nc niornmg, when the brrakfust was parhc• • • were not ' Ie• b 1c crew spO ke ou t unguardedly, allegmg 1nscmh th n t t]1c 1 coffee 1iot fit to d .~0 I nt <lou~h, the bacon burnt to n cinder, and the rc1ur-mbnc<l the ~'. • • •11 th c midst of his tirade the complninant suddenly ·1 " • ,ll gu111 about c 00 k' ' he stopped to mustc1. a MUI t'. \ ou lrnmr, ho s ,, I , mg, nnd so y ' le confided pleasantly, "I ]jke everything cooked ?' 138 - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 'Pro,.,p1•cti11g having clcn•lopcd thnt Scams Nos. 3 , ·1 , 7, nnd 13. the latter 11011· known ns the ·va n D _vkc Scnm, W<'rc of sufficient thicknc-ss to justify the development of mines, ]) relimi11n1·y rnilroad surveys WCl'C mndc up the long c-nnyon from Thayer J unction on the main line. Later p ermanent surveys were mndc, a nd tl1c constrnction of the rnilrond stnrted. In the menntiine, locations for mines hud been selected nnd n town site lnid oul T }u work proceeded rnpidl_y. On Octobcl' 23, 1903, the drift ;nto "C'' )T i111 "n, , b\l'tccl. and on F ebrun1·,r 24, 1906, the slope was begun. "A" and '·Jr ) l ines were opened April 30, 1906, while "D" Mine wns opened June 80, of the snme year. "A" i\I ine was opened on No. 7 Scam, close to whc-rc the p 1·esent highwny now passes, nnd this mine was later to include S<'nms Nos. l an<l :J. The work wns under compnrativcly light cover, and linulnge was cnrricd on b_v mules, with n few electric locomotives. The hnulngc from Nos. 1 and 3 Sca ms was conducted by an endless rope hnulagc 011 an outside plnnc to the tipple, a distnncc of 8,500 feet. The con! wns nil undercut with electric mining ma.chines, and drilkd with electric drills. A number of dwelling houses nnd miscdlnncous mine buildings were at onc-e placed under construction, and during the early life of "A" Mine, a store and schoolhouse were er ected. I n tl1c main pnrt of the town substnntinl buildings, including sto re and office buildings, were built. The town was known as R eliance until, on Jul_y 1~, 1906, the nitmc wa~ chnngcd to Superior, the title it now bears. Some of the cnrlv )[inc Forcmt•n who mnnngccl "A" Mine were J nke McDonald, Tom Whnlc~ uncl J olm Ilnrwick. The mine wns dosed down and abandoned late in 1923, the workable <'Onl mined out, No. 3 Scam bcinothe last section to close. As before stated, "B" Mine h �HISTORY OF U NION PACIFIC C OAL 11NES 140 ril 30 1906, on :'\o. 7 Scam. A tipple wns constructed ai 1 was opened Ap . ' • t·J 1918 h 11 conl continued to be mined from this scam un i ' ,~• en the coal wns Seam wm; well m the f}rodticti' . rkcd out• "B" or Yan Dyke . rnirev\\o • . 011 t 1 ·t • ·lien No 7 Scum closed down, this coal nlso dumped over "B" s nge " 1 • • • d' • • tipple. As this clinpter is ~1•nttcn 111 1cations point to the pcrnutncnt dosurc of "D" :Mine earl)' m 194'0, clue to the complete cxhtlllst ion of workable con!. The cord in No. 7 Scam 1rncl the Yan D)•kc Sl•am wa s cutirely cut with mining machines, electric drills were used for drilling, ancl the iiaulncrc 11·11s conducted with mules and electric moto rs. The drift in 1 "C" )linc\a"ing been stnrtcd in 1903, work was licgun in I he slope 011 Frbrunr_r 24, 1906, and "D" 1'1inc was opened June 30, H)OCi, both mine,. on No. I Scam. These two mines ,u-c still operatin~ at the pn',.c11t tinw "D'' )line hnYing been closed down in 1927 and not rcop <.'llu l u nlit 19!37 on ;1ccount of lnck of market. Both of these mines 111-n-e hccn 111 r~e prnclm·crs. with u fine nccident record. However, it is anticipa ted tl111t huth "C" and "D'' )Jines will be worked out and abandonecl p ermnnu,I ly \I ithin 11 few ycurs. ''E" )line was opened during 1910, nnd n modern , h-t'I '-<'l'l'cning plnnt wus constructed thut year, embrncing sc,·eml ver_r u11u,u1tl fraturcs. A shaft had bee~ sunk for a disl nnce of 100 feet from grou11tl J,.\ cl, with H steel l1cndfrnmc erected thereon, on the top of which wu~ im.t 11llccl u -JOO H . P. electric hoist with full automatic control. Sclf-dumpintr cnrrc, ,;ere used for hoistin~ purposes, and II rescrecning plnnt was cr~· tccl ncnrbv for the_preparnbon of !he smaller sizes of coal. Af tcr the p lnn t h nd bee~ m sen ·1cc up to 1922, 1t was found ndl'isublc t o close it d own and hnul th~ conl to "B" tipple with n fifteen ton clecti·ic locomotive. In 19:31 "E" ~i°efi was con)pletel.v closed down b_r the depiction of it~ coal 1·c:,.cn·c:.. . le rst sh_ak,~1g conveyor installed in the Rock Springs district w11s put 9 -1, and nt the prcwnt time all mines m "C" •l\fo,c d urmg • 19:. .mtoS operation . ~n t ulplC dl'lor ,~re ful_ly mcchrmizcd . About 1910 n "lls producer plant wns • used to opernh• e, blllSt llth C llt nn . l\lrnc' the gns b cm~ 1m electric trcnerntor s~grc:tq~~~t:~ ofl clctclric pbowcr devcl_oped was so smnll nnd th~ expens~ ' e P un was a nndoncd m 1922, The Superior mines we .• • Compnny which w _ . • . re 01 •gma11Y opened by thC' Supct'ior Coal 1 of 10 ooo' share '..;, Ol ganm~d December 28, 1905, with n capital stock ngcd by n bonrds~f\ld1. ~ utpur val~e ?f $100 cnch. The company wns mnn· • 11cctiors• cons1shng I· H • A rp, John• nr. Lacey 0fJ ?II. Lacey d • oc11m and Wnltc,· 1 At the first stockhold~rs'1~11:ca_quarters locntcd at Cheyenne, ,vyoming. I,nccy was elcc-tcd p. 'd tetmg, held on December 29, 1905, John W. L nee", • Secrctnn Joh 1es1 W en • •?llr• Arp , y·1cc p rcs1'dcnt, and \Valtcr l\I• 1 1909~ D. O. rru;·k·· ,i·n~n,,. • p,ac~y continued to net ns President until f rorn Jnnnnn- 190G , fl1ccJ 1·es1d • en t , T rcas urcr and General Manager I 11s 'frrn~ure,: :ind b,'. uFn kunc, 1911, being sut'cccdcd b,, A. H. Donne ' l'Ull • A 1 • President .J ,ilnnngt•r. W I G'f•·· cl • i\J nn IC)· us Y1cc nnd General • , I ior wus S , t f Fec~c Ill"): rom January, 1906, to December, 1910. On August 18 ' 1910' • • Briscoe was appointed Auditor of the Su11Emo 11. SECOND O NLY TO RocK SPniNcs 141 company. l\lr. Lacey was succeeded us President by Julius ICrnttschnitt •1 July, H>09, und l\lr. Kru~tschni~t was followed by A. L. 1\lohlcr, who turn wns followec~ by E . E. Cnlvm, who served us President from July 1, to July H,, 191G, when the company wns legally dissolved. In April of 1913, \V. D. Drennnn, who wns appointed Gencrnl Superintendent in Sep• ll•mbcr, 191:l, wns prnmotcd six months later to Assistant Gcnc1·nl Manngc-1· of thC' Superio r Cord Company and of The Union Pacific Coal Com• pnny. Georgl' B. P ryde, ?IL-. Brennan's assistant, was given the position of Genel'nl Su pcri11lcnclc11t of the Superior Con! Company, in addition to the p osition he wns then h olding as Assistant General Supcrint1mdent of The l~nio:1 Pu~i~c Con) -~«Hnpany. The Superior Coal Company was merged with rhc l 111011 P11c1fic Coal Company on May l, 1916, and hencefo rth 11· n 01w rntt.:d by The U nion Pacific Coal Company. i~ Among the men who helped do the prcliminn 1·y work of opening the Supcrio1· i\Jincs wns Gus Paulson, who conducted the cnrly prospect work, later to become ;\fayor of Superior and Outside Foreman of mines. Paulson, a genial, patient Swede, hnd a capacity for taking infinite pnins with l'Vcry piece of work assigned to him. The miners said that Gus Paulson could take n meager lunch, n pocket compass, and 11 mnp of any district, no matter how difficult the t errain, and locate the section corners with unerring accuracy. He had the distinc• t ion of once refusing a raise in salary when it wns offered to him, stating that the com· pnny wns then paying him all that he was worth. During the .wars the mines hnvc been operated at Superior. the follo\\'jng men nctrd ni; Mine Superintendents: Frank A . .l\!anlcy, Willinm D. Brcnnnn. Frnnk D nvis, Fmnk L. McCarty , T. H. Butler, John 0 . Holen, nnd George A. Brown. The present incumbent, Brown, a native Englishman, entered the service at Hanna, ,vyoming, us o. miner and was transferred to Superior a s Mine Foreman of "C" Mine and later to Cumber· land in the same position. He became Superintendent at Cumberlnnd nnd wns r eturned to Superior as Superintendent soon afterwards. Brown, nn nble ndministrntiYc and mining executive, emphasized the importance of safety in the mines, and, under him, his personnel managed to make an enviable record, winning the Sentinels of Snfety trophy four times. This bronze statuette, depicting an anxious mother with her child in her arms awaiting the snfc return of the husband nnd father from his day's wo1·k, is uwurdcd each year for outstanding safety work in nil bituminous coal mines of the United States. Superior "D" 1\linc won the award in 1933, �HISTORY Of UNION P AC IFI C COAL .M IN8S SUl'EIIIOH, SECOND ONLY 'f0 ROCK S1'1\JNCS . . ll)B:l! "D" l\lint~ in 1937, and "B" i\linc again bccantl! the "~" :i'1lmfct1ln 1.'ttle 'bronr.c lady in 1938. 1 1nnnc1· o ic d f rrhe Union Pttcific Coal Company contain hundre I· The refcol' s o) •oJ·kcd in the Superior mines. T_hey arc the names k f ti • cs 0 f names o men w 10 " :i. f ·] ss men who helpccl to ma ·c o ·1c pioneer community the J 11 d Tl of ~tcuu,, eai e • ' •. . ·' . 11 1•t 1·s toda)'· Amon()' arc 1ornas ,James the 0 t 1osc reca e • • · I"' thnnng t• o f ti1c S upcnor • Lumbci· ' . b to\\ . , ,11ter t Supcnor, now rcs1 en 11 ·1 • J T I S first ·oss ca11,c • Rock Springs· John H1l qmst, oc ra 1c r, ... tcvc Sharp c,,~.11111Pnn)H', 11'.tmun Albert H ~ikcs, ,Jake l\IcDonald, T oll! \\'halcn, and Jo~ I rnm a 1 former • ' Barwick, all oline Foremen ; a n_d =,.,r • L • CowtI n·y, J o1111 Green, T. H. rHev, A. T. Hcnl<cll, D. T. Fndd1s, 1\1. A._ Ran ·en, Iloyd llc~cher, and Roy Hiner, Electricians nn<l iinstcr i\Iecham~s_. Among the eng,ncei·s who scn-cd nt Superior were ,-\r. D. Brenna_n, D ~e Z1mn~crman11 , ~rnd ,J. A. Smith. Smit11, "Jack," ns he is know_n to In~ lcg1011 ~f I ncnds. ~hJ n good engineering job in the eaTly duys of_ Superio r, makmg I he es h mntes and :;upcrvisirtg much ?f the c~nstrnction work. Jnck served JJJ the Umted States Amw overseas during the World ·war, with· the rank of captn.iu. When the first store wa~ opened in Superior, Stuir Briggs, Inter a Hanna business mun nnd now dccenscd, managed it. He wus succeeded by H. L. Leve~quc, H1tn·y Htu-rin, J amcs McPhie, " r alter i 7illiams, nnd the present manager, Charlrs A. Dean. Otl1er men who fignrcd in Superior's activities were Clulllncey l\lurrny and Port J. ·ward, who, wjth Gus Paulson, were Outside Fo~·em~n, and H. R. Dearstyne, C. F. 5 Plnlbnck, E. J. Swietzer, L . V. Dunc.~ J. A. mn1 vnnt, C. F. l\liller, A.G. Hood, Ernie Shaw, and ,vcnddl Clark. all 111111c clerks at various times. • ·a . The first church at Superior was Episcopal with Rcn' rcn<l Golden ~s its_first Rector. After Reverend Golden's resi~nntion, the pulpit wus supplied from the church at Rock Springs. E1n-l-v in the his torv of the town Reverend .A t s hI'ff • · • • f the ' 0 1 0 f I . '1. on. c rcr mshtuted Roman CttthoJic services or 1 1th of 1c c.th ~sa· fnC m ~uper!oT, t_his in n.ddition to his work as pastor 8 I e atholic p • R• ock• Springs. Transportu.tion • wus <liffi. ('lt~,oi • ansJ1 111 cu m t11ose da,·s and F t1 S I . . foot to s .- ·' '. 1st . n ier c nffrer was often forced to tra'l'eI 011 tiinc~ he,~~~:•:~·0 tot nun cr to the spiritual needs of his people. .At other 1 the Wnst L· t 1l1 on 110 •·sebark, ns had the cnrl.}' J esuit s in Canada 11. nd ~- • ,I Cl' CY S A W 1 h k and he now I. ~ • ... • • cs of Rock Sprino-s took oYcr this wor ·, i,1s nn active chu I1 b o f tioning at Su .- . F re mcm crship and "r omnn's Sodality • m1C• h peiio1. •or n1anv ve ti l\ • t ' ·e m t e Teligi<ms wo 1·k 0. f ti • ., nr~ 1e r formon people ha,·c bet•n ac n IC community, Bishop Harris now haying charge 143 of the work fo1· this.den~min~tion.1:'he ~'~or mo~s. maintain an active Sunday School _nod Woman s Relief Society, m addition to the regular chmch work. A Umon Sunday School, under the leadership of James Haucter and n. staff of teache1·s, at the present time holds regular services at Supet·ior. In 1934, whc~ it be_camc evident t~rnt the coal 1·cserves contiguous to the present ~upel'lor _~1~1es were nea~·mg exhaustion, active prospecting was started m the v1c1111ty of the mmes. Numerous diamond drill holes were -put down, but sufficient conl was not found in any one aren to justify the expense of opening a new mine. Subsequently, n location for prospecting was cho en northwest of the present ''D" Mine slope entra.nce. Ilot.h cli11n1ond drilling and su rface prospecting were carried on energetically, ll'ith the i:esnlt that b)' t he middle of 1936 enough reliable data had been obtuiried to justify ovening n new mine of large capacity. Prospecting hnd inc.lit·i\trrl rt'sen ·es of J0,000,000 tons, with further substantial reserve:; pl.I rt ,ally pro, pectcd. Dul'ing the la.Her pn.1-t of 1936, the Coal Company':; J.:ng i11ecl'ing D epartment proceeded with the mapping of the workable coal nr cns. Wi th t his information properly platted, main slopes were lnicl on t on u Ien degree dip, these slopes indicating that Seams Nos. 71/2, 'i', !) 11 1111 15 ,, ,rn lcl be intersected in the slopes, the lower or No. 15 Scam, at a disbrncc of 2,600 feet from the surface. No. l Seam, l.oeatcd highel' up, I tf .!! D. 0. Clark mine tipple at Su.ferior, built in _1938, placed i,i operation /an. 1, 1939. Built by Allen & Garcia Company, Cluca15o. �HISTORY Of UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES 144 SUJ'ERIOII, SECOND ONLY TO ROCK SPRINGS •knblc reserves over n foi d y large territory' and th is coal ,vt'll sIlOll'Cd WOl . b u d. ppcd to the Jou d'mg s t a t·1011 on e1't]1cr N o. ,.,, or No 15 crcntun11.t v .e J ro ,is were mudc for t I1e two s1opes, Ioad'mg stations · • d Senm De iu1c p1n • l • l 1 an • t· . ~ei·e established and wor, 111 t 1e s.·event !;cams was Pl'0 slope pn r mg~ '' . • l 1 • l . • . t d I ·t, d of using a hoist on the main s ope, w Hc 1 necessarily would JC'<' c . n~ ca • . ·i k d • iinvc to he of very Jnrgc cupac1t.y, dct~1 s were wor ·c out by the Engineering Department f?r n belt conveying system. A modern steel tipple :;trncturc was also designed. Authority ,i·as next requested to construct tmd equip the new mine nnd, nfter thi~ had beei1 obtained, a contract was uwtu:dc<l. ~o The Utttl; Construction Company, of Ogden, Utah, for the "'ork ol dnvmg the mnnwnr an<l (•on,·c,•or slopes, each a distance of 2,600 feet. the clcvntion of th~ mine portai 7,265 feet above sea lcn:1. Contracts w c 1·l' al.o:;o a wurdccl to the ~ulllc compnn)' for the sinking of two air shafts, one to No. 7 Scalll, to 11 depth of 240 feet, and 011e to No. 15 Scam, a depth of 5-H) f1•ct. Subsequently. contracts were also awarded this company fo r the partings and 1oadin~ stations at. Number 7 and 15 Senms. A second conh-nct was entered into with t.hc Link-Belt Company, of Chicago, fol' the in.-tallation of a complete conveyor belt s3•stcm, with transfer stations anrl driYes. The contract for the e!'cction of the tipple structul'c, for wl1ich plans had been drnwn up b,v the Con! Company's Engineering- D cp:nbn cnt, wns awarded to the Allen & Garcia Company, of Chictt<l'O. The work of T he rtnl1 Construction Company wus completed April 1~1938, the Coa.l Company continuing the -work of extending side tracks mid the development of Nos. 7, 9 nnd 15 Scam/\. A limited tonnn.,.c of coal was mined in the 0 p_roccss of dcYcloping these scams. The first carlo1td of coal, Union Pat•1fic 30il4, net we~ght 103,200 pounds, wns loaded on April 15. and billed t o Cheyenne Apnl 16, 1938, the output totalling for the vcnr 1938, 38,377 tons. The mine was put on a producinO' basis on New Year's Day, 0 • 1939 • Exa · mon ths previous • • ctl Y t "o to J anuarv 1, 1939 the extension of 1 t lC conveyor system to No. 15 londing stat.ion f°rom No. station had been ?mtetcd, nn? the tipple placed iu operation. Upon the completion of the 1 ~P _c,_cxtcnsivc additions were made by the Railroad to the vard tracks, P1 oY1dmg ample •storna • .• ..,c capac1·ty f or empty and loaded n11lrond cars. 7 The new mine is mod . • . • f• ctn m every respect and ts designed for an ulbmate J>rodu t· 7 500 ton, p d c ion o f I 'f f n1odern -prop ll t ' ~ . er ay o two s ll ts. The two funs are o nd Years to com: ; )'P_c. ~ will supply adequate ventilation fN· many 1 11 1 ;nechanicul lo~di/r 1 ~~c 1s nl~o being equi}Jped for one hundred per cent crcosotecl till· I b ee. rnils weighing 75 pounds per va·rd. laid on s, in, e oen mstalled JI • I • • d, f f our-ton t·a'l'lnrit on a mum 1aulagewa)'s, an cars o . a·. 1· \, 1sc1111 rcred th I. J t I b • oug 1 wo 1·otn.ry dumps, are a so emg use,.I S.tc-<:l timl,e;·s d n rnnstn1ction of tl. n~,I crosillmrs, "ith ronc1·ctc f~otinO's were used in the ti'11~ Wt-skru c·om,t., lcsopcs "' • • • Tl and1>·111·t·mgs. N 1 o more modern mine <>x1sts 111 Brown1 l\linc Supl':~~t ~e Pl'cScnt staff at SuperioT includes George A. en cnt; GroYer "Wiseman, Foreman of "B" Mine; ?' 145 Hobert D . Hotchkiss, Foreman of "C" Mine• Andrew H ·it F . "D"~,r· cl 1\,1 l • A , • anu on, •oicman o f . lnrne; an l•. e vm . Sharp, Foreman of the D . o. Clat·k 1\.r· i.vime. A g;ncration has passed since the work of prospecting at Superior by G~s I aulso_n and Charles E. Swann was begun in 1900, and with the old n11nes passmg out, the new D. 0. Clark Mine named in honor of ti 'd h . , IC man 11· I10 <l1 so muc p ioneer coal mining work in ,vyorning Colol'ado l Tt1~h and ,v ashin~ton, wil_l tak~ the place of its predecessor ;nines, witl~ then· ~Id wooden tipples, ti~y pit cars and thirty-inch gauge tracks, the new m111e capable, when put mto full production, of producing twenty per ccn~ more coal m~nthly than all of the . combined old mines produced in their best day : 'I 1me marches on, and w1th a great coal reserve accessible to the D. 0 . Cla rk Mine, which will la tel' be prospected and developed, production should be going forwa rd well into the twenty-first century, and so Superior, unlike mnuy of the early towns, is not soon destined to assume t.hc title of " g host mining town.'' �T oNo. THE r\RTIIEST WEST D"\'E , c, ,LOPME:ST CHAr'rEn XVII. Tono, The Farthest West Developn1en t Tells !,ow The Union Pacific Coa~ ~Ontf0/11' jum pe<~ across. t/11 , • Iates of Idaho and Oregon, to estab_l,sh a ;u""!g properl) al 1 ~no •. asltingtoll, 1,085 miles west of Rock Springs. ff yom111g. where Clwrlrc J, rwnd opened a sub-bituminous coal seam, where James Needham. Ed1mnl •. f3rooks and /ater William /1011~1 served as Su peri11tcnde11ts. a11d hoU' Califor11 ia furl oil moving by watrr Jrom Los A11ge/es lo f'or1/a11d_ suppfo11ted tit,• Tono product. There Col. E. C. Wa,- (brevet rank) yet sits e11thro11cd "·' agent and umpire, judging impartially bctu·cen the ow~,c: lrssor. the If 11slting1o11 Union Coal Company ancl the_ Bucod? Caul Jl/~11111g Co1111,1111\. l,•,\1•,•, of whom ]amr:s M. Bagley, Jr., rs Presrdcnt, lwl'lll{; succeeded his l,c/oued father icho passed away on November 23. 1937. '! T was June. H>07, when Chnrlcs Friend nrri,·c<l in Tonu. \\'a ,h inrrton having been sent there by The Cnion Pacific Coal t'o111p11n\ fo~ th~ purpose of dcrcloping n mine. A 111011th before, the \\'a,1 11110-ton l'nion Coal Company, owner of the Tono site, wus incorpornh,d n, ;~ <,11l,:;idinrv of The l'nion Pacific Coal Compnny, nnd the lnttc r eomp1111, Ith( no tin;r in prcpnring to mnke use of its new property. Indeed. tlll'n· ,; ;i ,. no ti 111 c to lose, for _the l'niun Pucific Rnilrond wn:,, calling for coul for it.. north11:estern_ lmes. Tono wns the logicnl pince fo1· n mine, ~iluah•d '"' it was eight miles northcnst of Ccntrnlia, in the mids t of hill,. undl•1·laicl with a bed of rnt_h~r ~ood sub-bituminous conl. The bed mim•d by the comp,1t1)' at Ton~ ' 1us p10?ably the best of sc,·ernl located in what i,. l-1101111 a:- the Ccntrn~rn-Chchnhs coal field. It is sixteen feet thi<·k, lml onh· l'lt•,·cn feet wrrc nnnccl because of the bony chnrncter of the top ~eel ion. • I . pro:-pect I10 Ic, k· no1n1 lnl'all v a:. the The :l' f mine d . ,1·ns then but n lllCH' I-i.nnnu or Big Scnm when Cl ·l F • d • . 1·t . • , ' mi cs nen • lll'l'l\·cd on the :,,<•enc. •The two ~ 0 I an 1m1ldmgs ll cook } k d f J 1872 • tl • t ·fi s inc nn n nrm 1ouse, hnd bcl'rl 1rnt up in , SOlllC Ill' Y- \'C \'CUI'. P . • I b l from who1,c heirs.the \\;ashi~ ic,·io;1~ Y, Ya 10mcsteadcr n:1111ed Sumner, d' propcrtv. ~otwitl t gttn l_j.1110~ Con! Company hnd purchased the Friend ;ras so ·ti· isknn_trlngtl t IC dilapidntcd condition of the buildings, • ,, UC "1 l lC new ·t1 • • • f lu~h, grccn hills thnt 1• A camp, w1 1 its p1ch1rcsquc iwtbng o 11 children. In du~• ti t h ugu~t he sent to I ssnquah for his wife and three me • t up I1ousekcepmcr. • and E. (' 118 d I er • n rr1vcd nn d sc R obrrt C Iar k• • "·' u so brought ti • f • • " • ~ummcr, nnd In· fnll ti . . icir nm1lics to the camp during the 1c1e were c It f ·1· • . I I1011scs .III the rnll~,· H k . ig am1 1cs m the ncwlv built frame •. . ". • ousc ·eci>mo- . . • wi,c,s. Suppbe~ 11-crc oft d I . e, i\as not easy work fo r these fi rst brave 1 0 n lll'111·,r rnin, 11 man rnul~ . e .\L-<l because of the bnd roads, where, nftcr 11 a<lc 111 mud "hip deep to n tn 11 Indian." All the w. 146 147 luxuries nnd nrnny of the necessities were l"ckr' . d • k' • I 11 " og, rm · tnll' wt scnrcc and t 1c one we wns frcqucntlv out of co mm1ss1011 •.· o a er J Rah , . was j1 st 11 c1 c so uunierous t I1ll t t I1c men use<l to spend their spare t' t t~ cps of the oln barn house shooting nt them, a lively form of tni'.gmcton C prnc ICC. A 1.mtnch rnilron<l wns · built to the camp from cen t.I a 1·111 ti1c second vent·, ,-o t Irnt coaI ti1c11 1>cmg produced could be shipped t d . •for butt ·11·mg s I11ppct • I 111. • 'l'h'ts was the s ·ignal for an influ"'ou f nn mo.tcl'111ls k -~ o wor ·crs, nnd• . m n sho~·t time the village hncl grown mto n sizcnble town. The company hud tnkcn pains to handle its construction work in such n way thnt. tl)c town was in harmony with the green, rolling hills surrounding it, nnd it is not an ovcrstntcment to say thut Tono in its heyday was· probabl3• one of the most nttrnctivc mining l!)wns thnt wn,cvcr constructed in the west. A town hospitnl, office, store, and public school building served the needs of the residents. Mnny of the children who attended the first school remained when they grew up, sending their own children to the same school. Among these were Phoebe :\fortinn, J nmcs Clark, nnd Charles W,iy. Others who were cl1ildrcn in the town and remained there as ndults, were :\Jr. and :i\Irs. Ber t Boardmnn, Mrs. H. Olson, i\Irs. John Hudson, )[rs. David Hull, George Clark, Todd DO\'C, Joe ~lossop, o. Onkut, 'Wilbert Friend, nnd i\Ir. and i\Irs. Horace Gonderninn. Among those who Left to right: Henry Warren (deceased) scn•ed ns Superintendent nt a11d James Sayce, Tono, i11 its happy days. Tono were l\fr. James Nccdhnm, Edwnrd S. Brooks, and i\Ir. \ Yilliam Hann, the two first mentioned having passed away. · ,, the Wnshmgton . h t '''l'll F ollowmg the example of t c po.ren compn11•'' 1 Union Coal Compnny ndoptcd "safety', as a wntchwurd, so tint, c �NION PACIFIC COAL M I NES H!STORY Or U 148 in the fnce of 1·nther dangero~1s conditions, the safety l'CCord of the mme continue<l without serious blot. rrhc. coal fired easily from spontaneous combustion, and the Conipuny met t_his ~on~lition by l~uvin~ pillal's of substantial size 111 the workmgs, 1n ol'der that suitable stoppings could be con,,trncted to prevent n fi1·c from s p~·ending. This single precaution saved llll\11.)' li\'eS and lal'ge nrea~ of coal, as was proved by the cxpcl'icncc of other mines in the same <li,-tl'ict. The Tono mine, likl• nil other mines in the vicinity, had numerous H•l'ticnl faults, some of them cunying a s much a s sixtyJ ,~1Es NEEOIIAM fh·e feet displacement. und n a con~cquence, great cnre in laying out tlw gmclcs and ~,rn,., hn<l to be obsened. Notwithstanding these Iiau Ingc , s ·1r cihs t ndes, f the mine dt:nilu.pe<l n production of more thnn n qunrt_er m1 1011 ton, o coal n yenr. nn outp~t which found a 1:ea~y m~~·ke\ until _thc_re t·11mc the g 1·cut bu~im:~s tlcprcss1un of 1929. Uegmmng \\Ith , hat ~ M 1. _tl11 clemn~d for conl genernll~· fell off steadily, an~ th_c Oregon and ,vnshmglon Hn1lroad nnd X1nigntion C'omp1111y, the pnnc1pnl user of Tono coal. fo u~1d thnt furl oil, including t rnnsportntion, could be bought for so lo\\ 11 pnce thnt the use of ,·uni reused to be economicnl for them. As a res ult the ruilrond substituted fuel oil for con!, nnd the W nshington l' nion Coal ompnny censcd to opcrntc the Tono mine for rnihrny fud purp oses on August :Jl , 1932. The mine wns tnkcn over under a long time k•u,-c thl• next dnJ by the Ducodn C'onl :\lining Compnny, ~Ir. James :\I. Bnglc:y, President, for commercinl coal loading. ?11uny of the cmplo~•es rcmnincd unrlcr the new compnny, while others were trnnsfened to the "'yoming mines of The l'nion Pncific Conl Company. i rr. Bagley died ~0Yc111ber 23. 1937, nnd wns succeeded by his son, Jnmes :;\f. Bagley, Jr. There 1·cmnins n substantial conl reserve in the 'l'ono p roperty, nnd if the dny comes when fuel oil ceases to be nrnilnble for steam mnking purposes, 'l'ono will return to t11e production of ruilwn y fuel coal, nnd ~!though_ the pro<lucti~n Jilli)' be restored to the old proportions, tl~c little wlnte cottnged nllngc nestling in the slmdow of tllll p ine trees ts perhaps gone forewr. The Inter d,w mine worker prefers to live in the larger towns, d1:iving to nnd from hi~ work over the splendid paved roads th nt have come mto existence in Inter years. T There i~ on_e man above nll others. who left nn enduring imprint on the 110 _?rg,nmzubon and community, ~lr. \ Villiam H nnn, who was the Mine 8 _upeH~tf~ nden~ fot· mnny ycurs, who raised his fnmilv in Tono, his gracious w1 e settmg n living • l f Cl • • • • d th h od to nll. :'.\Ir. H . . . cxn'?lp e o ll'lsban w1fchood nn . mo. er o_ ' lnnn acquired Ins knowledge of coal mining m !us native Co llll t 1.Y, I ',ng n11d • nnd tiiroug)1 h'1s ceaseless efforts Tono cnjoyed 11 d c- ° TONO. THE FARTHEST WEST DEVELOPMENT 149 scr,·cd reputation for safety, including the training of 111 ·,n . J:J • c I ci.cue t1.: nms 1 "-nrs t u1·c1 wor k•. 1\1 1 r. ::i.nnn 1s spending the • 1111 . t 1 l ind gencru · fS ., ~c c 11ys of n• • busy life in t he City o cuHlc, the end we tn1st yet far off. "~ ~~- ~ :~ •-: . ~ ~:- -~ · - -=--~· i 1Ji'ome11's Club House, To110, built in 1926. nestlillg uncler the pine.~. �RELIANCE, As STunnv AS h s N AME CHAPTER XVIII. Reliance, As Sturdy .A. s Its Name ,[iance the third of its 11c11nc as bef o. rl' mlated, where , • k f r:i • Tli.e story of Rc tl. d It ble 11amc will doubtless sac · or many J'ears. , <'rt! 1910. 11 , s epeGn,._,f]iths was made Su,perintendent in charge of No . One Mine 1,1organ • n • l F k L ~1 C t D • l G T l • thereafter followed George B. Pryce, ran • 11' c ar y. cwu . • ,om(ts, , T , nr Jolw O Holen Thomas Fosler. !11•. Tri. Mcddl and th£' ra11 .. ' • • l O H l S d' • f , Josep,1 , , t • ci,,ribent James Law. Jo in • o en. a can wavia11 o masterprnS(,11 rn • R 1 • f . f I / 'f • f11l lature. spent his closing days III e iance a ler an et•f'nt u . i e 111 the /, [\./onclike rush. as a soldier in a frontier co111111a11d. and as rw Q/jicial c~rJ anna and other mining districts. Reliance al the clOM' of 1939, had ;,~oduratl J0.801, 103 tons of coal and will co11tim1P to produce f01 r ears to come. rn EVERAL mining towns of The U nion P acific Coal Comp a ny hiwe been operated temporarily under t1rn name o f Helinul'C until, n,:; in t he case of Cumberland nnd Superior, another name wn.., ~clcc t,·tl. but in March, 1910, a crew of mCJ1 went to a site seven milr, no r th of Hock Sp1:in ll'S to open the No. One l\1ine of a t own tha t wus t o iiL· cnl lc-d R elia nce through nil its days. The site wus chosen in the hop e of fi nding t he fn vor ablc workiug conditions that charncterized th e 11earb_y R oek Springs mines. nnd in t.his the Coal Compau~' was not disuppoinlccl. S The first mine and those which were t o follow were opened wit h "care and in nccordnnce with the latest 1rnd best theories und methods of coal mining," the State Coal itinc Inspector noted i11 his n•po1·t fo r 1913. It was nu auspicious beginning, und further wo rk i n the mines was to follow !his fortm~ate keynote, st ressing safety and efficiency. 'l'od .1y the t own 1s known among western miners as one of the most "peaceable nnd sociable" ~ining towns in the country. As one miner of long experience expressed it, "Working conditions arc 6 o-ood' t he men m"ktc> o-ood monev, so • . t 1icy are satisfied nnd get along with each other and with the company b~t ~er than at any place that I know." The work of opening N~. One nfine 11 us begun on '.Murch 20, 1910. No. Three l\Iine, u mile and a quarter south ?f No. One, und No. Folll', n qunrter mile east of N o . One, wer e opened m 1911, the coal averaging twcl\'e feet in thickness. ,vhile N o. One was to ~; opem~cd t·ontir~uously for the next twenty-three years, N o. Three had b~ close<l down 111 1914 when the coal became too low and too dii-tv for profitable operation. No. Four was closed tl1e same v enr but was r eopened 111 Hll8 ' ~ F aud . ope· . 1 ~ t cd un t']1 1926, when a fire causedJ a temporary c1osur•c. 0 j ~our is st ill irt operntion, n large producer now dcsio-nated ns Seven nnc ne-Half Scam, No. One l\Iine. , o 151 M o· rgun G,•jffif ths, t at R oc•k s prmas, · was J I who • wns Superintenden • p Iaced Ill ~ 1arge o t 1c opemng o[ N o. One l\linc. On his death his°Assist11nt_ Supcrmtendent, Gco~·ge Il. Pryde, super vised opera tions 'at R eliance untLl he was made Supe_rmtendent at Rock Spt·ings, whereupon Franl< L. M cCar ty _became~Su_pcrmtendcnt at Reliance. Succeeding Superintendents were D avid G. 'Ihomas, Joseph Traher, Thomns Fost c.i· John O Holen M. ,v. M edill, wl!o on h_is retirement_ on :March 1, 1939, ~vas succ~eded b}'. ,Ja mes L aw. D and D amcls was t he {frst Foreman over all three mines his nssist~~1t:~ bein~· J am~s .Barnett _nt N o. One~ ~rank Overy at No. Three, and " 1!11a m Hill at. No: Four l\•~me. Hand 111111mg was emp1oyed exclusively at fil'st, rdt houg h t111' p unching machines were introduced within two yea rs, to be followed t wo years lntel' by t he present typ e of elect ric minin" mach ines. T he coal after being hoisted up the slope was dropped down t~ tl1c l ip p le, l1)ca ted about a half mile below the mine portal, by 1111 electric ho isl. In l D11 . t he first endles~-r ope hanl nge in t he west was installed on t he u11 hidl'. which in later years was succeeded by motor haulage. \\'hilt• the 111 inc~ were being op ened, t he company carried on a housebuilding p rng rnm. Ily 1911, the State Mine Inspectol·'s r eport for that year note,-, " Sc,·e11ty-fi ve comfortable and commodious houses have been O 150 RcliaT1ce Boy and Girl Scouts singing Christmas carols. Rock Springs stalio11 park, December 21, 1925. �152 H1STOllY OF UN10N P ,c1F1c Co.\l, :\hNES . . . de! d " The houses were of vnrwus ::.1Y.es, rungbuilt 11 nd others tu·.c l>cmg a Act fi·•.1 ·t it wn • necessary to hnul wnter lo the • roollls :, ' ing from three t O ~•x d. • b . "Is H owe\'er water• wcl Is wc1·e cIl'I') Ied llnd ·t ·store 111 n11c .. ' ' bl d I homes, where wu_~ • 11 ti1 houses llS quickly us poss• c, nn prcpurnwnter pipe was lnid ~o a II ~ tric lighting. The machinery n t the mines st tions were made to in a e cc ·er and compressed air, but by 1913 plan~ • • opcin • tcd by P 0 " to electric • erll'1g,v · - stcnm . ··t·l power , t I1e c Icc t nc comwas first . E t . . • 1pleted to ~,1 I c l were bemgeon . , . lant at Rock Springs. 'X cns n e 1111provcin.,. from the enlnrg1 r;~e~ p-'ng recent )'Cnrs, the fin,t bcing n <k·tniled I m~1ts hn\'e been con uc e t O udi tcrminc the exknt nml worl-abilil v of the • d d 11-']ling program e • · I f ll • I d1nmon . I . II t results thus oblnmec, u u r· 1c r i{<·ncrn coal seam~. With tic cxce en RF:LlANCE, AS STunov AS ITs N~1 .. 153 During the improvement progrnm Mn~t W . ::\-Icdill was Mine Superintendent, Harry A. I.nwrence 11·us Outside Foremnn and mine clerk Hodge Burress F'orcnmn in No. -t Seu111, John B. Hughes Foreman in No'. 7 Scum, and J ames V. :\Incdonnld wus :\las ter :;\,lcchanic nnd District Electrician. "Hany" Lawrence is nn institution in the town of R eliance. P erhnps the largest man on the property, huge in stature but in no sense c·mubersome, he is quil·k in thinking and acting and is ti universal favorite 11111011.,. the men. Some years ago ~Ir. C. B. Segc1·, then Chairman of the Boitrd of the linion Pacific R nilrond, innocently gave his hand to Hnrry. On a Inter visit l\h-. Seger inquired where that big fellow with the hnndshnke was located. 'W hen told "nt Rdiancc," i\lr. Seger snid, "Why go up there today?" In the l'tu·ly dnys a horse-drnwn stngccoo.ch, which was operated b_y the Ro rzngn Brot hers, who were succeeded by John Ruggern, transported rnnil 1111d p 1t:,scn~l·rs between Reliance and Rock Springs. The first nutomobill'' in the town were bought by William Reid and John Pintus, brotlll'r,- in~hll\, \\ho opernted a motorized stage for several months. As olhl·•· n·~idl•nts 11f thc town bcgnn to bu_y automobiles, the use of the :,Inge:- d~•·n·nsed 11n til there wns left only the mail s~ngc sen·ing Rclin~ce, Dine, n11cl \Vinton. In recent years, however, a bus lmc hns been cstnbhsh • e<l ;;en inrr Hdin11n: and 1\'inton, which is operated for the benefit of the cmplo_yc:,~of lhe~l' mines who live in Rock Sp1·ings. As hncl bcl.'11 t he cusc in nll towns established by the Company, prcpnrations fot· the cdurntion of the resident children were begun nt once. The Compnn_v built n schoolhouse ~car its. store at N_o. One :Mi~c. Charles Durham, Hugh K elley, and David Damcls compnscd the first school boa rd, nnd ~Ii;,, Chnntry was the firs t tcache~. Among othe~ teachers were ~fr . \\'illin111 Cook nnd :Mrs. James L. L1bbr A_ new high s~hool building wni. completed in 1927, an~ o. new gy~no.s1um m 1930. Reliance now hns n full high school course, with u teachmg stnff of seven tcnchers. 'fhcre nre ubo fi,·e grndc teachers. Reliance tipple of steel throughout. Built by Allen & Carcia Company, Chicago, i11 1936. extension of improvements was undertaken. In 1936 n new mine on the No. Seven Scum was undertaken, which rnpidly passed the development stnge, becoming n lnrgc producer. During the same yeur ll nc~,, steel tipple wns c1·ccted, equipped with all modern mcuns for preparmg the conl, which hns opcrnted most successfully. The thirty-inch trnck gn~ge within the mine was increased to forty-two inches, and the smnll-cnpac~ty mine cars were replaced by mine cars of steel construction, of ll _capacity 0 ~ four tons. Additional mining and loading machinery wns also installed, with the result that Reliance is now producing about 4,000 tons of coal per day, which will be increased to 4,500 tons per day in the near future. The Homan Cntholic Church has maintained services ~t Reliance for n number of years, and the l\Io1·mon Church o.~d o. ~mo~ Sunday School hn\'C ulso been quite active. Other denominations dnvc mt~ Rock • B ccausc of thell' genSprings for Sunday School and Church S crv1ccs. I era] feeling of contentment, the people of the town coopera~ed ftA·om t ~c • community • lifc as P Icasant as. possible.d to,rnl very first to make their • f · s established• an a 1ocn. band was organized shortly a tet· R c1·urncc wa . dance orchestra was also formed. Many home tal_e~t cntertnin~;t~~ ~ \~ giYcn which arc supported by the many nationnltties re~rcshen ! .-t1 , 1· h k' oplcs ure m t e mnJ011 town. 'While Americans and Eng 1s -spen ·mg pc_ C t' It lionsy, the population includes numerous Slavs, Serbians, ron_ inns, o. ' is every reason F• inns, Swedes, Germans, J npanese, nn d K oreans. Thc1·e d ·ous town to expect that Reliance will continue to be a happy an prospei for many years to come. �WtNTON, T11 ,,T WtLL Lt v F. ON CHAPTER X IX. Winton, That Will Live on for Years • ( omance com<'S 011!)· with agr in tire mining Dc1·oid of th~ romnn,llc rt in its strength as a producer. having mined • , c>tlf'r f rum II1e ~SIH'TIHLII 'I • ., lry ) • /fli11101(~• 1cmrc rniiu.1 I • s res ti1e property ·teas ta,rc11 i ..J.97.il-J 1011s of cou swcc. \I , 16 19:ll f ounded by C!'flrg,· If' I ll · ' ti Coal Companies on I OJ • : • • • 11111 • ,gia 1 bold adventurer in thr coal 111dustry, lfl / <I I 1_. 11 .~la111ls 0 .111'!:!"nt!t. "'''.0 was I/ I/ 11,·s vision and courage. From lhl' lun,· uf the as a mc•mor111!,_to I r,- , 7eg1e; 11 ;,til taken over by Tl, r Union l'acijic Con/ 9 • op,,1111• I::," of /J ,u/011 Ill • J bJ • Mr illcgruth a Iolaf oj or.ol'l ;,.,,r , -., /1111.,. (.n111pu11y. thrn• ,rns m111 r • r . 1914 to 1918 affected the coa l min ing- 111du,l r_v ns it ,11 , • ' • I k f .' I II b • ~ ci·entinrr an inc reased t·mm• t r y -" 11 t' Illar ·d<l .·or ·dkC'IC< n '' us111e~s, b 1 1 ' · I Id bU Jv nnythinrr thnt cnmc ou l o f t ,e grnnnc 11 11 wns b • • \ \'" I . conl ··reop C \\'OU 1.1 tl •ny one miner described the s1lu11tion. 1I I e,·,·1v mtcnu_nc •• f "t·ask·. l C "d,··n11tnge of the risinrr popular rlemn nc! fo r r~1cl, the tion o 11 ·mg n t> . • )[crrenth Conl Company, in 1917, mndc hns t y J:>r epnrat10 11~ I~ open some m::i tmines. On the western ridge of Ilnxtcr Bns rn, fourt een u11lcs north of Rock Springs, and nt 011 ck,·ntion_of 7,~00 feet, n r,,mp wu, _111udl·. hom~·s, stores nnd other building~ were bmlt, rnilrond trnck:. wen• la 1_d , a·•d n tipple ciiuippcd with shaker screens wns ins tnl~ccl. 'f)iroug h Hus a rc.fl there cxtcmkd the snrnc conl scums that wen· being- 1n1ncd so ,.,ucc·e,,_-.fully. nt Rock Springs. nnd the Megeath Con I Compa ny began the task of opemng mines. The company opened fiyc mines in quir k :-ucces:,ion. on e ench on Scnms Nos. 1, 3, 7, 7% and 9. Almost immediately g ood t·oal from five to twcl\'I.' feet thick ,ms dc,·clopccl. In later y ear:, tunnl'ls wen• drin·n t o connect the rnrious mines, so t hat the re a n• but brn mines at Winton todny. No. One nnd ?\o. Thn·e. although tlrn:c ,;cams. ;\O. 1. 3 nnd 71/:!, inc being worked. T HE ,vorl<l k" The camp wns nnmed ?ilcgeath, nftcr the org nnizt•r ancl promoter of the coul compnny, the mnu whose initiative and business energy prompt~d the mining enterprises. G. \V. 1\fogenth was 1l Yigorous indush-iahs~, a mun ~fa type not uncommon in the yonng western eountr)', one who liked new 1<lcus and who was not afraid to uamble on thc111. Horn ut Leesburg, \"irginiu, on ,June 1, 185i he w11s 1·ea1~d in Omaha, Nebrnskn,_ tnking his fir:;t job as u clerk in the' Omaha offices of the nion PllciJic Uuilrnud. Young ~[cgcutl1 ndYunccd rapidly to the pos ition of chief c·ll'rk to C'. Il. Hanns, who wns then in charge of the railroad's coal sales dcpnr_tm~nt. In 188G, when he wn.s twenty-nine vca1·s old, nl r. :i\legea th wc:nt .mto liu,iness • • • 'I. • 111 • n re t a 1·1 coal busi• • £01· l1"1111°clf ~ , J01n111" ., r. H nvens • h ) ness • • m Onm Iia, wJ11•cII later handled coal wholesale. Returnin;_ to tic r 154 Fon YF.Ans 155 Unjon Pacific interests in 1891, i\-Ir. l\Iegcath became General "i 1 . - · p •fi C 1 C n nnnge1 of The 111011 nc1 c Otl ompany . Soon thereafter he joined will number of business me•~ in the pu t·chnse of _the Sweetwater coni mining pr: ~ erties nenr Rock Spnngs, ancl when this company was purchased lo.t~r b_y the Centrnl Coal nnd Coke Company, 1\Ir. l\legeath entered the employ of that concern l\s Gencml l\Innuge1·, with offices in Knnsas City. In H>03, he Liegun t o pmchnsc and develop coul mining prnpcrties in three s tates, until nl the time of his rlcuth on l\Iarch 28, 1931, he was Ch~,irma n of the B~ard of the Sheridan Con~ Company, operating properties ut Roc k Sprmgs and Hudson, \Vyommg, at Roundup, Montnna, 1111d in the southeas tern Knnsns coal field. The town ,\ l egenth wa s cst ublishcd on the \~1est Escarpment of Baxter D 11 ~iu ndj o_i1~i11g- l~rnd owned by_the Govcl'!lment, other lnnds owned by the l l nio11 l'nc1fk H1ulrond, and still othe1· lnnds owned by The Union Pacific Coal Company. )lcgt'ath's t own and it:; mines were located partlv on land he had liougl1t fro m Bert Y oung, a p1·i\'nte owner, nnd pnrtl): on lnncl lcni.cd from lh,· l ' nio11 P llcific Rnilrond and Coal Companies. In i\foy, 1!)21, The t ·11ion l'11t·i£ic Coal Conqmuy purchased the :VIcgcath development from lh1.; )lcgt· 1lh Co,d Conqrnny, aud the Sherida n Coal Compnll}', rcnnming th\' -.l'I I l1•mc11 t Winton, thereafter establishing operntions on a larger ~c:dt•. '1'11(' firs t step was the completion of the score or so of new homes u11d,•1· e1111st rnrlion nt the t.ime of the purchase, bringing the total numbe r tn une hund red ;;ix t y-nine. " 7 ith the usual mining buildings, store, nnd ilmusCllll'll l l11tlls surrounding 11 mining operution, ~ 1inton hcc1lme n :sizl•nble town. 'l'he numbc1· of miners employed varied from th 1·ct> hundrccl to four hundiw l. Scared v h nd the t own chnngecl mrners than the co!ll company set about the t;,s k of modernizing both the living nnd mining con~itions. Pros pecting carried ou t by the 1\Iegcnth _Con) Company had fo1lcd to dc,·clop un underground water supply, nnd m consequence the town lnc~ed nclc<111nte ,1·nte r faciliti es. The U nion Pncific Conl Company begnn clnlling opcrntions in n busin two miles wes~. ~he first hole w~s n d~ster, nnd the second produced wnt c r unfit for drmkmg, but the thml de,clopecl an ample supph· of O'Ood domestic wnter. In time, four more wells were cl rilled to n.~•,.rnent the supply. A concrete reservoir nnd steel. stornge tanks 11·ere bt~lt to store 195,000 ~allons, a pumping plnnt wus m 5t nll~d to keep the reservoir and tanks filled, nnd a pipeline systt'm was put rn to dis t ribute the wate r to the homes nnd the fire plugs located throughoukt . rr the mmmg . • metl10d s un d eq uipment' however t I1c town. Improvm . ' too· . f • . " ,..... d 1998 se,·"i·nl new 1ncccs o. 9 more time. Durmrr the venrs 1 ~ I no "' " . ~ • . ,. f I d. d steel pit cars of fom . marlnner)' were added nnd m 193 -r our nm I e . d' . ' f II pac 1 ty iiore ]on mg ton capacity replnced the obsolete cnrs o smn en · -. • 1 . . •mnchrne1·y . • tl ms increa~lll" all<l mmrng was put .mto service, • l"t the pr0ClUCtion capacity of the ,vinton mines. •t • · ti t , ·ns the Commum Y One of the most powerful groups Ill. ic oOf\\tl1;1 various clubs, tb·e Council, u. body made up of representatives �HisTonr oF U NION PA c ir1c COAL l\llNES )56 WtNTo.-.. TII AT WILL LivE· O 1N • the l'nited iiine Workers, _and the ::\line Superintendent. , Scout~,) t·tuted ,i)most n govermng agency for the town in ti 'lite t· ' Counc1 cons 1 •• k" 1c ub nicii>nl govcrnmC!nt, mn ·mg rC!gu 11t ions for the ~nf t • h • • . . ··b·t·t· c Y of scncc o f n mU . "d t . id c,·cn undcrtnkmg sue cine l cspons1 , • Jl's a s the C!Sttb·1· I res• rn s tu I "Id 1cn. . Jl . .. • ,ground for the c11 1escl\11bo11 of the ncitct is l · men t of n 1)lll'. d • re Wns dut\' of II locnl mnn who was cpulizcd by the countv I1 1111\d c ti1c . . w· <'rin • • • the scn·icc required but nonuna1• it 1I its usua1 {'Onccrn for the rcligiot1~ w!'l fnrc of its cmplo)'Cs, the Conl Company turncd O\"l' I" two buildings t be u~cd aJ; churches, this nt t_hc 1:equcst of _the H oman Ca tholic,,, T,atte~ Day Suints, and other dcnommnbons. The 11npctu to the l 'nion Sundnv School wn~ furnished by the Company, when the co111mun it y hou:.c w~~ built nnd used for the Sunday School's 111ecting,-. , t ., wel l a · for othl';. ci,;c nffnir,.. The Sunday School had been organized b_, \\'illia m Keiwo a miner, with the ussistnncc of ~Irs. Phillip ·. The t·o111pan_, donut<< ti~ conl for use in the community hall _furnace 11 ~1d con_l nliu tc, , ul,-,tuntiallv toward the support of the Community Coun<'il 11nd it, 1cti, ,t ics. • Fo R y EARS pcrity ahead. Winton, like Reliance is yet t 0 ton romnntic his to1·y such as relates t~ the olde/ • ~ound!: t~ lay claim mmmg 1stn cts. .r: Arrnngements for the satisfact ory primary nnd secondary education of children wcr~ mndc with the consolidation of W inton in the school district which included R eliance nnd Dine. . A grndc school with lh-c teachers taught the children in the firs t eight grndl's. The older children attend tl1t' high school at Rclinncc. Those from \Yinton nnd Dines nre dri,·cn to nnd from the ~chool by bus. Among th!' 1'Iine Superintendent,. who scr~·ed nt Winton under the )lcgeath owncrsl11p, were John Pnrk, D avid G. Thomas, nn<l William Redshaw. Ed )Jcgen tli, a son of G. W. :Megeath, acted a s ~-~ernl :\lnnugcr for the :\Jcgenth in tertts;, Aft~r. the properts wns taken over Pncific Coal Co1·11pa11 , .. , n,. 1·1JOll i\' p AIU( I ) lhc R dlnion I ,,am . c s rn11· continued to hnve ch~rge of t 1e nnncs until his r •er f he wns rcpl d b . e;jna ion to return to Mr. llc-gt•a th in 1925, when Springs ns uc\ · / f iomns Foster. l"pon F ostcr'i,, transfer to Rock 8 crintcndent 0: ~ ~ . e f~rcma~ in_ 1935, l <'rnnk \'. Hieb bccnmc Sup· hnYe been emplo~:ds :s ;r~·m~ 111 that cuJ:>ncity. ~mong t he men ,~ho Alfrl'd Jackson· I T oicmen nt the ,vmton )1111cs, 1l1'e C lem Bird, ~Iann, Willium aylor, Edward S utton, \ Villiam Spene<', J. R. 1 Heese, and Ral I Bcs, J ed Orme, D onald Foote, Earl Dupont, Evan • and ' tP.I uxto • ehan1l' • n. R"1cJlard Gibbs has acted ns Master l\f c. , is r1ct Electr · • f • . t ire area hearil" d . icinn or a number of year s. , vith this en1 to ~uppo,e tha·t ', richly undcl"lnid with conl t here is every reason • ' ,nnton • h t he othC!r ' towns in the • R ock· Sprrngs area c b ' a1ong wit , an e confident f many years of growth and pros- 'w·-~~ . n· !. ° 157 //or, the lop caves with removal of pillars in the Rock Springs field �~h;TIIOUS Of ~ltNINC 159 ')icrc was n new frontier to be conquered a black •t 'l ' \Vyomin ' per, ous In)· bcneuth t I1c d•csert sur fnee of southern d fro11tic 1· ti1nt • l' k t h • h g, nn cials und 1111ncrs u 1 ·e sc t cu· s ouldcrs to the task of cocompany . offi• obstuch::,, thut confronted them. nqucnng tftl' CHAPTER XX. lVIethods of Mining ,, l 0 t'111 coal "from the solid," of forking out Ili c slack in f ~/ls 0 / s ' 1~. d go/ tire output. this 1d1l,oul pay lo the miner. tl,is ll1(' nttn('~ Oil('• ' " ' . '/ product tho! the empI oyer 1ms Iorcc<I al limes to pay • •• orllOTI " ,ror/11 css . H l d , . ,. d f P ,. 5 •1 d or for 1111 /oadrng. 011• a oa tr uorne or tu•cuty cr 11 h ,.,] ? a rut roa c •, I f f . · ' ,· ,·n stagnant air .mlurated w1t11 I 1c 1111H?S o sp,.111 ,•:x plosw,•s a 1011.,al ,mes bl OJ ' •· \[ C. •· I amI /,re smeII of t!te underground . sta es. • /11<' , c wt1·. • ·11 It ruicc uH·d 10 lower loaded. all(/ to r111se empty ""!"' car., 011 st,•1•p prtc ,c~, of ti,<' mulrs tt'/ro ..,alked back'" to Wong, the Clunesc stublr bn,.,. of ,_1,,, com//1(• races. that 1•ventually gave tl,c property more 1/,011 Jorty /,111c/s "'"l 1/1/( 0 • . . I I,r m1 11111g . macI11. c. '1 . of 1forkme11. of the introd11cl1on oI cIectnc1ty. 11 co or., • • I • I ·t • ' ( ' . I .Stat,•. ell'C·tric drills 011d t/rc first electrte 111111c ocomotii·c w! I 111 /11 1 11111•1 ,: how mcrlwnical loading increased from .41 per ce11t 111 l'J ln. ,, /(}~ pt•r c1•11 t irr 19.li, this ,cit/rout layi11g off men, a~d !tow coal rcco1·eri ·ws 11·rreased 011 e t, 011 Jred pcr cent. A record of l11gh adve11111re. of pr .,res~. und of fulfilment. • , - 1 66COAL and coal mining is not ll light 11nd .iuyou, , ub.1 1d," )Ir. Eugene :\IcA.uliffe, President of 'l'hc t•11io11 Pnt·ifie l ' 011 I t'ompanJ, comments in his book, "The Homance and 'f rngcdy of C'oa I." 1':, pcci111ly is this true of mining in the e1nly dnys, when tht' conl wu, nnch•rcut with hand picks, when wntilution was only a matter for 11c11.d1•mic di,cussion, minet·s descending into dunk, muggy nir. thick with po,,dcr fumes, and when no wife could be c-ertnin her man would return to ltl•r al en:ning with his body intact. Such were the pioneer day:- at Carbon, R 1wk prings. 1m<l Alm}·, with the time whistles ench morning calling thl· 1m•11 to ten hour:. of heavy lubor, nnd the pnymns tcr at time~ handing out hut two dollar:, and ten rents for a dny's work. So much for what minin" • n the n meunt to the m~ners-clnnger und di~comfort. 'l'o the company it meant one long, unendml? struggle to supply fuel to n rnilrond who,-c far- flung trncks stretched from Om11hn to Sun Frnncisco, and into the reaches of the \Tortlnrest. It meant pouring 111oncy and 111en into a mining town, only to find th~t the coal bencnth was n~t of a <1unlih· jui;tifvin" the expense or op cm t ion. It meant c1osmg • n producti,·c mine • • because • "' of the huznrdo~s seepage of gns nnd oil into the workings. The unccrtninties 11nd mn<lcriunte equipment of cndv mining tumcd ench new lllin<' into n 11 mnblc c1u·h 11e,1• c-n t crpnsc • mto • " • : n• speculation. But through t he d nngcrs 0 f nunmg, tlw miner~, most of them British born remained stal wnrt, and t 1ll'ough. 111n11•,. fin nncin • I upsets the mannrrement ' remained · undnun t ed· Tl ierc wn.s work to b d " . 'th . e one; n wnv would be found later to do i t w1 . ft . sa e •' mu1 cffic11mc-'• • bu t m • he ] mennhme • · it must b e done with the t h en known met110d~ d ti t I 1c oo s nt hand, nncl to the best of men's abi'lity. • nu 158 . The t•urly mining methods were li:ibo1·ious in the cxti·c • \\'(IS . . . me. 'Tl IIS time whe n mo dcrn mucI1111cry existed onl)• in the fcrta·tc bi· • f d. • • ti • f ams o I earning 111ventors or 111 . 1~ ;n•p~· c~t models resting on drnftsmen•~ tnbles. The coal·~-unl1~r ctult wit t inn\' ptckl·.s, was sheared in the same way, either 011 one r1u 01· 111 IC cen er. c ry 1t_tlc powdct· was then used bc~nusc, as 111 uch ~f tl1t• con( was sold commcrc1nlly and there was little demand for :,,(nck, 1t ,rn:,, dc ·1rnble.to get ns large a percentage of lump cont as posil,lc. \V hc rtvc1· cxplos1vcs.wcrc used, the users were carefully supervised, so ns to hold tht p roduct1_on of fine~ to the lowest point possible. Some of the eon I w1ts loudcd w1 tit fot·ks ms tend of shovels, and the smaller ,-i1.t•s. that pn,~cd lidwcen tl~e prongs were thrown buck into the gob. Th!! lu11d1ng ot l·tllll ":,, then paid for on n screened-cont tounngc basis. When 11 11 o f the 1 111 of tninc con I was sent to the outside, one-third of that load!!d by Hw mi1, •r " 11, deducted_ as slu~·k. Following the scpnrntion on the tipple. tlw , lnl·k " ,, loncled into rn1lrond cars, moved out and unloaded in pile!- in t Ii, , 1cn,1• .' of the mine. These old, burned-out slnck piles cnn ht· it , • g of puncl,ing machines and The days of picl.· mining before IM comm electric coal cutters. �]60 METIIODS OF MINING 161 ing hi 5 inspection of the mine the following day, lhe Su . .· lpc11nltendcnt , topped nt the room of one of the miners who had b= n ex reme y vocal "the prcvtou • • • a b'J• cvcnmg on IHs 1 tty to dig more con)....ti • t end ent could not resist the tc innt t· nny man he .__ upcnn . c,·er snw. 'l'I 1c S • 011 . • .I J I I . mp a ion to twit the p1 O\\ e:-s 1c inc so oudly procla1mcd sn "in" "Sn cl I'll hnn 1 J 01 11 Y, •. . 1>Ct vou'i·(• not ns gooc I n mun t ocIny at <l1gc7111g con) ns ,·ou 1• 'ltl • c1· Ir • • " I 1· I " • ' b, • • ,, g1nc Yourse Inst nirrht. nm \' rep ice, A Ye, I m Just us good n 11inn 'II · • " • J IIll <l Inst night." •. you give 111c the s1unc room ·,r - One of the 1•urly Theu· Shovels. ir,Malled i11 No. I l/in<•. lla111w. iu 191<, and 1918 seen today. mnrking the loctltion of lhc enrly minl's. A prit·c of $1.25 wns pnid for unlonding u rnilrond cnr containing from hH•nty to lw<'llty-five tons of slnck, and this work, nrduous a,; it was, nlway:. bad m,rny n.pplicnnts becnu~e it wns regular. It nffordcd those who wen: $0 l'lllplo,rcd fnirly stendy monthly eurnings. It wns not unu:.ual for a good 111:m to unlond two cnrs of slack in one dny, the dn y of cour:.c running into twch·c to • •' ' f ourteen hours. . Minet·s w~1·c pnid sixty to seven ty cents per ton for mining, dcp~nd- mg on the height of the con) scum and in a Iona (iny':, work a mtncr c~uld dig nnd load nbout nine tons' of coul. \\'itl~ the- om.- -third deduction_ for}luck, this nllowed him six tons of coal, or a dnily wage of $3.50 to $-le. 2a ll day, fro111 which deductions for tools oil cxplos:Ycs, 811d ~1.md1·r . cl .A goo d mmcrwoul · ' d, carn,w1en J the • • other <l"ta1·1":1\\ercma.c. lllll\l•sl wcrc working steadily, from scYenty-fivc to cighty-fi-,,•c dollars n. mont ,, and '·111 ex.• t' II d . I1 as 0 nc clear as Iug Iiun<l n-<l dollar,- n• ccp titonnTl.\' goo workman might . . • h od 1 m the mmes t at a go • mon • icrc wns nn old SU)'lll" ]'Ilice made a good . 1. b I ms ti t l.' • "or~mnn, nnd a s tory is told to this effect. t see in n .:,upcrmtcn<lcnt )10 ti •eni111r f. I I e, g "o ,1 111ont 1 \' p· , d w \l'as . stroll in ba about the ,·illagc on d1c 'ff out frulll II 1• ,l) ay rccogn1zccl the ,·oices of some of his men ri 10 00 a11d 1,011 lf,cl• l r of II nearby snloou. The men sounded inordina.tcly gaky ~ ll llll(1 were re) t' I ma·u mg pro 1g1ous feats of coal m1nmg. 11 a· . .. ·'l'lw rou111:,, between which the miners felt thct·c was so great n di ffc,·cm·e, wc•rc supposed to be nbout twenty-four feet wide the ent .· , · engineering work , wn;, done, ucs • 1y t en rcc t w1·dc. n ccausc httle_ npprox111_1nllthe working pl11ct''- oflrn cxccccled t he cstabhshed width. 'fwo men worked in each room n., p artner:-, and to obtain n suitable partner wns often n scriou. problc111. ,incc the nssociat~on between the partners frequently cxtcnclccl o , l'r 111°lll)' years. A few mmer;, took their sorn, in with them ns partner~. "hl'II thL boys were old enough to work, and some of these boys went into llw 1u1111 ... at an extremely early age. Many n minet· of tod~v ,,·us tnugh, Iii~ l>< c-u pntion h_r his fnthcr. In cases where the mine forcma~ could 11 1-r lll,trc ii . miners were nllowccl to pick their own pnrtncrs, but o111cti1m•,., 1t "n~ nccc:-~ary to assign n partner to n miner who wns working sinµl l'. lhi, 11 ,thou! cmu,ulting the miner. This was u work of deli<•ntc tliplomnt·., . t ill 111111c r:, being nlmost ns unwilling to work with an unne• ccptublc 1m rl m·r m, lhc_v would luwe been to mnl'l'y 11 g irl who could not cook. One o f tlw I rensu red s tories of the folk lo1·c of the mines is thnt of the mine r ,, ho ,, n, cnt in to work with n Scotsman who had no "buddy." The stl'tlllg'l.'l' rc1ld1cd the working place, ndvising the Scotsman tl~nt he lmd been 5cnt in us hi:- partner, whereupon the Scotsman looked lum up nn<l down dl'liberntc)y ., sn,·ing ., ' "I don't think you'd better start."1 The ,, other nsked " \\'hy ?" "We11, I just don't think we're going to get n ong, Scotty cxplnincd. '•I don't sec how you know," protested the ~ew m~n. "You hn ,·cn't c\'Cll t ricd me." To which the other retorted w1tl1 gl'lln force, " ~Yd), I know by looking nt you we're not going to get along, so you better go." On another occasion, n mnn who had obtained employment "'ts se~~ to be the partner of a miner working in one of the pitching scams, w ier\n.d the coal had to be cut with a miner's pick. When the n~wco~ief- renc ~y the working face, the miner nlreudy there lookc~ sour~:?" !!~i"ei: 1' . 111 nssignecl pnrtner saving " Buddy, how arc you with n pie ' • ' • • d b • } ti , "but I sure smng not so hot with ll pick " the new mun udmitte · l'tg l J' . ·a f ti ·'ti, 1 ' a nasty sho\'el." Needless to say •the pnr t ncrs)11•P t c rnnnntc or rn bl · • • . • ' I k d s ncnrly compnrn c 111 ' 1 he handling of Cl miner's pick was oo ·e upon n : f 1·tt1e b"))' d ncl ll no\'lce was o 1 •• . prec1s1on to that of_ handling a 1 1 nr cue_, a .. hn<l lcnrncd thl•ir conl us_c._ A.s. has been said, most of the early. nune_i :,' ndc t with their picks. nunmg m the :British Isles, and were pnrticultul_\ pf th . ,incrs pro· It is almost u nbelievable the amount of coal th ~t som; ~·meses;c::ched their duced, even after taking into account that t icy n 1 �162 H1sTOHY OF UN ION PACIFIC CO,\I, i\ I INES i METHODS OF MtNJNC workjng place ns cnrly five nt night. . . d loading the con) a nd ca ring for his work'f to m1mng un t ti l I t run the lone.led cu r ;., o ic en try, where the In nddI ion ing place, the miner inc_ trips Sprugs were used for dropping the th Jriver assembled em in ° . and. 011 nccount of the sprag:; bn'aking or 1 rooms, _ .J ' 'cl 0 t of tic \oadl'U cnrs ~ 00 stcc . for this svstem, many acc1 en b, occti1Ted. In the grades bcmg t l • 'tpl reached 'twcl\'c degrees, it w1Ls ~1cce;..:,a1·v to where t JC p1 c I • ll . some cnscs. . ti 1 nround n prop high up 111 1c room or entry, a use ropes, sn~ibbm~ :c~1c ropes frequently brokt• und<.'r t he ;..t rain. On risky opcrnbon, 1"111cte filftccn dc"'rces n " ~lcGinb·." which was a s111nll • I f1011 • 1 twe vc o b ' • p1k1cs k .11 . tl ·cd A. rope was wound a r ound th(• d1·u111 and 1 I " • • • · .1urnpp1ng · <rum l"ith a brn •·c' " f ~ heaves thus fun11sl11ng t I1c cont ro I fur nttnd1rd torln slcr1cd:, do c:1r wns, clro1~pe<l in one roo111 a nd an l'111pty cur the cars' IC one . · 'I I t" • -d :Ill• 1111 nd"JOIUII • • 1g room ut the sn111e h111e.I ,,. llll\ ncc·11 c11 s were rnlSl. I . ti • .• , ·tc 11 of handling cars, nnd muc· 1 t11111.- " l"> c1111 ,11111c1 by l'llUS('(l l1' llS :-, \ :-, I • I \\'l I . I • • • r ·, 'rs 01, in rcrniling dcnulCl c·a r::,. 1, n• t IP n1tc t l'X· st0Jd>p1lnfi~ft or rJc,1gn1_1c,,~ metnl chutes were used. The coal "n, -.h,1\'cled into CCC C( CCII ( C ~~, . l I I. ,1, on<•l 111tothe tI1c cImtcs nnd 1·unb,,grnvib·totheentrv,wherc1t11 . J . • 'f I· pit cars. The best cxumplc of tins chute work ,1:ns nt 1 >. 11 11 _:\ me, nt Hnnnn. nn<l in the lower workings of Xo: One )line ut H,wk_ • p nngs, und ut Swing Ynllcy and Cumbcrlnnd. Tim, was ,_1 111u1.·lt 1:·a~1l'1· , ystcm of hnud\ing t·o,d to tlw entry, nnd it enabled the lllllll'I", t o 111:1 h • In rgl' l'lll"ll · ing:;. t rrrouml. Fo1· instance, the Chinese, who entered during n strike • • t ll k S • • s~ . umong ~e pr,ngs Ill l ,5, readily ndnptcd thcm~rlvcs to the wl11tc 111111~rs a thcir occupnti~n, prnl'lng ll_iemsclves nt on~c to be plodding and mcthodicnl. At one time, about six hundred Ch111cse were employed at Rock Springs, 11•!t,h nb~ut one ln~ndred nt Almy,_un~ a lesser numbct· ut Como, C'olornclo. l he I• 111ns, coming from the i\11ch1gan and 'Wisconsin lumber districts, and I lw It,1.liuns, WP.re nmong the early fo1·ci,.ners to work in nnd nrounu the mine;.,. They were followed by Germ~n, French, and Senndi1111,·inn mi11<.'rs. nncl nbout 1896, by Austrian and Slavic workmen. About 190:l npprnximatcly li\'c hundred. Jnpnncse found employment nt n ol·k Sp1·ings 1111d H nnnn. H owever, unlike the Chinese, they did not rend ii y adn pt tht•m:-.cl\'Cs to t he working conditions. Restless and discontt•;1l1•rl. the .J111mncsl' did not remain long in the mines, groups of them cf rifting rnpirll_y into other occupntions, until nt p1·csent only n few 11\l'II of !hi-.. nnt 11 nality arc l'lllployed by The Union Pacific Con) Company. The Chinc, c r,)J I inm'd to wo1·k in the mines in diminishing numbers, until in H):W th, 1 ,-t Chinese cmployc wns pensioned and sent home to Chinn. o .\ , 11111pnr -..1111 of the ,·arious nntionalitics employ~ in th~ mines ~£ the co111p11 ny fn1 the _vcnn, 1!)12 nnd Hl38 mn.y prove mtcresbng and 1s here p n w11kd. The working ti111c then, ns it is toduy. was ;.,cuso111tl. cll•pc11cling ~•pon the mnrkct for the coal, nnd, while men work_l•d long hou1•-, al all t,1~11cs, dui·in~ the winter months they worked parhculnrly Ion~ hours. \ 1ten slnck working time occurred during the summer mouth,. m:u1y _111l·11 lon<ll'd the smnll coul, storing the larger chunb in the rooms. un~il by eu~·l_y winter, the bu~ie1· wo1·king time, they would 1111,·e from tout· t~, fin· hundred Ions of lump stored nnrl rend~- to be londt•d d u ring the pen~d. of 1w11k demand. In this mnnncr they were spnre<l the neccs;..ity of_ 1111mng the extrn tons in the winter nnd their annual ea rning,, were co11s1dernbly hcttl.'rcd by the nnnngcment. Tht• majority of the miners. of eoursl', were not ~o Jwo,·idcnt nnd depended cntireh· on thl• nmount of coal they cou!d produce each working day. The rrns~n nssig1wcl for not ;..toring con! 111 thr r~oms wns thnt when the sla1·k working time ca111c, 1111111y of them l_l•ft thl' Hnncs, ancl of cou1·sC' thev hnd no desire to leun their fornter workrng plac·,•s foll of <'onl. In gcnc,:,d, it wns the stl•aclier miners and those who st u:n'<l from ycnr to year who followed the procedure of :;tor ing conl 111 th cu· rooms. Sl'\'cml men who were Inter to become ntfluent citi1.ens of ,,yoining lai<l the foundntions for their fortunes in this mnnner. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ . . ._ \ 11ti<1rtUl11_1 1912 .\ 111crit·1111,, A111crit·n11-7\cgrnc:-. .,\ l'IIWII in lh ,\ 11sl ri1lll~ .\ustmlian!', Bdginns Bohe111i1111-. H11lg-11rim1s ( 'nnndinn!', C'nrniolans ( ]\ l'l'i lll'rS) Chi1H'Sl' Crontinns Dah1111ti1111s 417 21 1 114 D1111t·s II oll11ndcrs R11glish 1"i11lnnde1·s French Germans G reeks Hung-nrinns frish ltnlian!'i Jnpanese Li thunniuns Bcsidt•s the British miners. nmon"' those who entered the W _vom_ing nnrl C'ol 111..1d0 • • ,., p· sh • ' nnnes III the early dnvs were Chinese, ,Japanese, moi_ ' Itnhun German F . I d • • . . . I t· • ' •enc 1, un Seandmn\'lan millers. Enc 1 nu 10nahtv I1nd •its• ow t· I ,. dern par icu ur advantages or disadvantages for won, un 111111. ._ _! _ 163 ns two o'clock in the morning, remaining until _ 1938 1,-100 29 130 1 r, 2 2 HI 51 Gl 96 10 174 298 13 33 183 51 41 237 162 2 4 6 13 38 21 5 1 124 90 6 H 62 14 11 12-1< 21 _ _ _ _ _ __ . ._ _ �HISTORY Of UNION P ACIFIC COAL MINES METIIODS OF MINING 164 Nationality }l cxicans )Iontcncgrins Polnndcrs Ilumnninns Jfossi11ns Scots S<'n·i11ns Sl0Yc11i11ns S1nrni11rds Swcclr:Swis~ TYl'olcsc \\;dsh /9/:l 5G 37 11 85 1938 H l 14 4 13 -1-3 H H7 3 H 52 H 1 106 61 :l(j 78 /3 10 165 not altered even when Wong g 1·umblingly b ·cl instructions und went to the stall to harness 'ti owe) to the 1''01·emnn's ·1 . . . • ic mu e. The ·I 't . was ,tn uma t cu r ven t r1 oqmst. H u,srng the hurnci,s to b . " 1.1 c miner mule, , vong was ughus t to hear the unimnl re, ·k "~,, uckle it .on the • 't f cc1111g · good." mu , , ong• don't i.cnd me to wor k to day. I am 'l'hc Chinese Ind's courugc begun to weak b t } his ground until the !nulc in the adjoining stallc~;id u 111!~ brnvcly _stoo_d you come neur me, I II land on you." Another dd "Yu old Clunk, 1£ me ao to work." .And us the animals ult along the\ 1~ 't ou cnn't rnakt• bewildered Wong ineontincnlly fled. As he i·ushedsd:,,~.\~:tbd _to : 1dk, the he pnuscd long enough to thn1:..t the halter into t} O ti . ai 11 1un-way, • " '\II 1· I t k IC let employc-'s hand i·cmar k·mg, r ig i , you tn ·cc mu lee. You likce cun do t k , no likee dcblo (dt•,·il) mule." ' a cc allum. I WllS d Totnl 2,680 :?.3Gu On act·ount of the lnrge portion of the enrly produ!'I ion from the Hock Svrings mines being sent ~o the ,conuncr_ciul mn r h t, .di 111iri ing hncl to be done "in the clear." Shooting off the solid wns prnl11hitcd, nnd a nyone doing so subjected himself to summary dischnrgc, a ,. c,ud ,hot off the solid, that i~, without being undermined, is inrnriubly M> bndl~• -lrnttcrcd ns to be unmnrkctnble when it reaches its dcstinntio11. The >l ine Foreman, nssi:ih-d by spl·cinl inspectors, watched the mining nnd ,-lioo t ing closely. On one occ11sion, the ~l ine Foreman had reason to su~ped that one of his Scotch miners was shooting off the i.olid instend of mining, and s o one cln~• the boss said, "Snndy, you better be ca reful about mining, n, I ha\'e my eye on you." Snndy answered firmly, ".Aye. that's a ll right, boss, but I got uoth m.r eye.~ on you when I s tart drilling." Emerging from the barn, , vong nlmost coll'd d 'ti . I e w1 1 n cow ID the . I I "\vurd, wI11c I t·o111111cntcc , ou seem to be in 11 big I1011 . . rn • .,. If \\' Y, Hong What's the muth·r !' ong wus rnnning in high acnt· bcfo. I f : 1 I through th1. :1ir J\11\\ in one )u:,t dei.pel'llte spurt fo1· 110 1eo, IC air y rs 10t · II me. nee nway rom the bur_n, " 11 11g t·11 l~d togc-thcr n few of his good "cousins" (close f;·iends) nnd qmckh •111d 1 '\c1tedlv narrated what had happe11l.'1.1, - .i Tl • ( • , lCre was lllUC h sh11kmg o lwnd~ One of "ong's ricnds suggested that he stu<l_y a book. written by Confucius nod another advised a visit to the Joss House, but neither action helped Wong to find n solution to the strnnge phenomenon, and for some time tl_1ercnf te1· tl!e Chinese took along with l11m one of l11s good "cousins" as a bodyguard whcnever he visited the barn. . Prior to the ud\'cnt of mcclinnical hauluge, the d ri,·l'r was 1111 csscnhnl 11'.lrt of the_ underground organiz11tion. ) Iany hor:,cs nntl mules were used m gnthermg work in the mines, and on t he mnin hauls it was not 1111common to sec us many as three animals being u.etl in a "spike" teum. In n hll'ge mine from thirty to forty animals were required. The old-time "mule skinne1·" was n coiorful fig~re and n difficult employc to handle. ~he bane of the mine boss's life, he was indispensable to t he work of the mme 1'.nd knew it. In consequence it was difficult for his sup eriors to manage hnn,_ nnd the controversies occurring between :\line Foremen nn~ some 0,f their dri\'ers wct·c frequent a nd ncrimonious. " ' hen a Chinese was mYoh· l' f th csc d r1,·er-forcmun • • work·cln,·cr . .• • Cl m one o disputes t he white men 111stmchYcl,· sided -·11 ti F . . ' .• • "1 1 1e oremnn ngnmst the orient al. ·t kA11tstor\' I • 1s• .told 0 f th c t'ime tJ1at Wong a Chinese in charge of t I1e sn or d I le nuun barn, refused to release u 'certain mule t h at the Foreinn 1in ~cnt for r "d : h f cm•c in is . . . ' ot1si Cl mg t ut the boss had not shown enough de cr: s~mg lus :mnunary orders. "You go back talkce bossee man that 11 I 1• tf~c ~1~~tve ~~\:c~ n~ulee work when he no able, t h~t my job," "'\Vong told 0 1 cmplo,·i• b·..1., .ttl come to get the animal. Not a little p u t out, t he other ~ l'\'l'(1 I \\'US t' •• • ' •me t O p Iuy u j oke on , vong, and t his d eCJs1on No 111attel' how difficult u driver might be to handJe, or ho,r eccenfric, the Foreman always hesitated to discharge him, because good drivers were scarce nnd the production of the mine depended Jnrgcly on his ability to get haulage results. A great deal of credit is due to the early-dny mule driver for the production records obtained, because he worked under difficult conditions, with an agile, independent, and U• S• SE:\'.-\TOR D. CLARK frequently stubborn animal, w!~ poor trnck nnd \'Cry little light. His work was dnng_crou_s _und fatuJitic~ were common. B ut the shadow of the mechanical nge m mmmg was loommg on t he horizon and the dny of t he mule d river und the clever, tcmpernmcntnl little ::\Iisso~ri mule was drawing to a close. The telephone, perhups th e first mcchnn ical invention to invade the mines, acted ns the hernld of 11 greater things to come. I n 1881, Senator C. D. Clnr'k of Ernns~on, .th~ 11 young mine clerk arr ived in Rock Springs to find that modern nnpio,emen t s were beginning ' to be cstablishcd •tn ti1c mmes, • nlthoucrh ., they were f c. �]66 HISTORY OF UNJO:-1 PACIFIC COAL MtN ES . 1I susp1c1 . • ·on by und nainen;. A lll'it•·•t· . gard<'d wit . n few dic-lmrd r , , officinls . I ..1 ave . ,c ·t· . No One nnd No. 1 wo mmes iar1 .1 ust been inst II d . a c , telephone connec mg • • . ' H ' l II . outside boss, " . • " c o1' Iu s tout mc111bcr of ti1c Cl •k re Iates a.uu t t'·c u • at I d','.d • I to u:.e it. •'\\' hcncvcr he wantcc to communicutc f. oldrrm1rc. • boss, ·· " Cl1L1·k 1.cca . 11 :., · "d'1s· rcgardmg . 10111 t> ffi t is umet. , n,anc or mine ti • I .. , ic the o rt' o till) ·on, us he termed it, that ot 1 c1 :s c ho!>c to u c he Wot 11 Ptl 'pIaguev con t ra , . . . • 1111-1 wnlk g,::\\'clv from the office, mount. has d1lup1datcd ~uckbonrd. g-ivc Ilic old mule tw~ or three ~entlc slap~, with the Imes and J<>g uw1ty to deli\'cr his mcssngc or orders Ill person. . . . . A yenr lutel' the first of n scncs of mno,·abon_-. wh1d1 were lo rc\'o)u. tionize ·mining methods, 111nde their_ uppNu·n~cc 111 J~ock Spring:, when cutting and drilling machines were :nstnlled 111 No. } our ?I Ti 11c in ordl'I' to proclure n better gr~de of coal. fhc conl nvcrn~ed about ten f~ct in thickness nnci wns pnrt!c~lnrl_y well 1~dapted _for this. 111dht'.d of nuning. .\lthoucrh it wns often difficult to obtiu n cxpcncnccd llllllt .-..,, 11wxpca·icnccd men wl~o rould lond con! into the pit cars after it had bcc11 undl•nnincd and shot 1lown were easily found. T hese first mnchi,w,, 11cn: known as tlw "Air Legge•· undercutting machines, and were opcrntcd h_\ co111pr• i,,::.ed air, ciri1·cn by two smnll engines through a number of gear-. 1111tl clr-i, 111µ- c-hnin:; conncded to a rotating head, around the pl•riphcry of 11 hid1 ,, t'rc ct a number of shon~l bits at rn rying angles. Tiu• m11d1inc,-. "c.rl' hi:lil in plnl't' hy jnck pipes. nnd were advanced into the fucc oy n rnd. nnd pinion. Thi~ system of mining wns n great improvement 0l'er the hund mining method, ns wus the size of the conl produced. The machine 1111111 cut the coal in the roomi,, ,rnd timbcrmen set the props uncl shO\·cled !he "bug dust," the fine slal'k prodnCl-d by the mining machines, into the gob or wnste. These men nlso extended !he lrnt·k and looked after the snfety of nil tht• men in their section. 'l'hev ~lso lo,~ded nnd firL-<l the explosives nfter th<.' 1lr1llcrs l!n~I d1 illed the holes to tlw depth of the nnnmg, aYernging about ti,·r feet. Loncler.~ londcd the conl into the pit cnrs only, rtn~ rccch·ccl in pa Ymcnt twcntv • the running • n•nts• JlCI" . t on. Tl11•s •meIud. cd of the pit cn1·s from the fncc of the room to the ~ntry, the empty curs being hauled up into the rooms with mull's The n,·t•r1~gc amount of ronl thus load~d •. mnn 111 one c)11y . , f pc, t ons. . • "UN rom ten to breh-c w. H. MELLOR Whe11 Xo P ot11. , 1• 189" 11 • •. '' me was rlosed in First Resident Superinlendenr. of Eigi:t ~~:1'.1d11ncr_y was n1ovcd into Xo. .l/i11es. who occupied tlte fir sr • ~. nnd suhscquenth• to iN o. . house /mill in Rock Springs. METllODS OF MINtNC 167 '!'en i\(inc. where it_wns continued in 01~crn~ion t~ntil nbout 1905, when it was tnken _out of sen '.'ce. l a~ thc.~urly n!nctacs,. 1ur-d1·ivcn puncher machines were 111trodt!ccd 1,nto N~ •. Eight :\I me, <lomg wo1·k comparable to the brcust 1111tcl!111cs. r hc mm111g _done by these punchers produced 11 little better coal, 1nas11_1ueh as the height nt the staa-tmg of the mining was ubout fift een inches, wl11cl1 made the conl roll out readily nfter shooting whereas 011 the other hand, the und_crcutting clone by the air machines hnci a height of hut four nml onc-hulf inches, and often the conl hnd to be snubbed in front to pre,·l•nt ib being badly brok,m up during blasting. By the turn of tltL' cl'ntury air for cutting, d1·illing and hoisting coal was being super.,ecled h,,· dectrit·ity, 1dthough it was not until about 1905 that compressed uir fur 111i11i11g purposes wus entirely eliminated from the coal-mining opL•1·ntimh in t_hl' l_lo<\_Spring_s ticld. The first clecti:ic c_utting mnchi,~cs Wl'l'l' in~tnlled 111 ~o. Eight :\I111e, nnd subsequently m 1\os. Seven, ~me and T c11 ~Jin,·~. nt Hock Springs. These machines were of the brciist type, nnd II u·~ n g1·1 :,t i111proVl'lllCnt o,·er the air machines. .\i nut 1!)02 11 11111chi11c of thl' short-wall type wns instullcd in ).To. Eight ;\J nc. H m·k • pring1-, which wa:, a grent improvement over the br_east llln l'hiaw. 1t111I "hid, was the fo re-a·unn<.'r of the present short-wall macl11nes. Howevc 1. d l.t to defect:. in c-onstruction, and the lack of trained men to �HISTORY OF UN ION P ACIFI C COAL MINF:S 168 METHODS OF MINING 169 opernte it, it suffered many serious brenkdo,rns nnd \\'its oftc 1• for r~Jrnirs. Nevertheless, it cou ld cut much more coal thn~l ~\ the shop maclunc. ic brcust Scvend ycttrs Inter, n 11c,1· type of undercuttcr was instal • • led Seven :\line, . whid1 opcrntccl very . · succcssfulh· • for tJ11•1·t,· Years 1'I tn • ·~•fo• wns 1l ronbnuous <'Utter. So suhsfnctory wns the opcrati~ • f 1•1••1 ~ts also lllltchinc t liat it rnpi<ll_y took the pince of t he breast type of u1td;1.~ll t type exclusiveli· 1 1,, bee I tct ' nu<l fo1, twentY vears the short-wall • ' • .1 « n USC( f :\lore recently • •• ior 11 ticutting• 'l' . a nother . electric . cutter hns bee·n }Jttt 1•11 t o sen·1ct· nr · ., me nt Superior. It 1s known as a track cut! , . I • tc d D. O . c1,n11c1 s mo t . Cl k · 1 · 1 · rue · rom w 11c 1 1t cuts without bcin,,. unloade l IL • t j • un e on n t kj a~y part of the senm from the bottoi~ to the t< • <.:llt :.. ionwnhdl v in . •· I I . . op. irnt <·1t n ·ti .0 • 11 • 1 ' ~ mukc ,cr11cu, ors tcnr cut, m the side or the ccntei· of t i 11 ·1·1· · · tcworl.. I to this, t,·pe of 111n c I· •t woul I g P ll('e. Wit! ' ti w ·1ticx1J11h· . 111c1<k•nt . . lint' I molJI~ cutter 11·1II, before mnn,v Jenrs, s upc rscdl'. th e - , , ('l'l 11 that the ruuC'l1111r. Howcrcr, C\'en with the succc · ·f I • t. d • sli1ml:u ·cl short-wnll ·I·, . s:. u m 10 uchon f tl • • c lllm,. not all of the con) was undercut For fl b 0c; 11· 111111111g mn. ' num e t· ' _\1.·nr, fl portiort of the l'lltr_v wol'k and t he pillnr work •. I \\llS lCCO\·ercd UY I I • i_, 1s1on rn tic I_lock Svrings district bcin<r il • •. anc rn 111ing, the mmrtl, the re111u111Clcr mined b_y hand. o • bout filt~ ("' I' cc11t 11111chinc ~~ i ).• a·.· .· . ' __ _ • t ~ /\ I ...,__ F:id .-110// shah•r co1111qor drive built i11 Germa11y . When the . S_upcri~r mines were opened in 1906, they were fully equipped for 1111111ng with electric undercutting mo.chines, nnd as murh as ninety vcr cent of the conl was recovered in this manner, only n ucgligi?'l' part being mined with picks. " 'hen the mines nt Rclinnce were opened m HJ10, they nlso were equipped with electric undcrcutters and air punchers, the lntter being u~cd only n short time in entries. Long-wall machines were used in No. Three Mine, llelinncc, for a short time in n certain section, but the operating results received from this method did not come up to expectations, and it was abandoned nftcr about a ycnr. The first undercutting mnchinc iit Hanna wns installed in No. Two i\Iinc in 1913. Prior to that time llll coal had been shot off the solid. The svstcm of mining was changed nnd udditionnl machines installed, until n ·large pnrt of the conl from this mine was produced by mining machines. Xo. Three l\l ine, H nnnn, wns not particularly adapted to this method of mining. and _the coal wo.s shot off the solid until the mine was closed. No. Four )[me:, H unnn, wns equipped with mining machines, and nll coal was undercut, and has continued to be recovered in this manner. Neither Cu111berlm1d nor Spring Vallev were particularly we11 suited to mnchinc work, an<l the <'oul in these ~ines was shot off the solid until their final closing. Se('(l11c{ de ,J rue/. u111/ I . . u, Uf,1111•111 of thr D ,1111011. uckbi/1- tl,e substitution of grip blocks for '"' hen new men were broucrht into the mines, the older miners t rcntccl them to wl111t corresponded to : collegiutc "haiing" or initiation, uncl with �170 HISTORY OF UNION P ACIF IC COAL MINES METHODS or MININC 171 . t. d .••• of electricity, this particul,u Lrund of horseplay to k . • . . <l"l ..1 • k o a tl1c m 10 uc~1011 . . ltii·n Drivers used bluck 01 1 1 utcu wit11 ·croscnc Ill th,,.1• . . . •. _ .. . . . .d . " 1 pit <l nngcrou,; 011 . • 6 s in . . being Iump S fol. 1·11ununatwu, the bluck bl J :;to1•c m old ••pon·dcr kc"' room necks so us to be readily _uvu11a e _w 1cn ,t was need ed. The miners bnr. and box· wou Id nppt·opriate this. black oil to lubricate . the t hread . , mg of their drilling machmes, the J apanese mmcrs be~ng cspc~ud c,ffenders in this respect, ,rnd they used a large part of th~ oil the ~nvcrs brourrht in for illuminntion purposes. In order t? stop this, the dnvcr s would Kc. qncntly lead 11 wire from _the trolley hne or the e~cctric powc1• line to a can of black oil located m t~ room ~eek, thus makmg_ sure that when n J npnnese miner touched the 011 ~ontamer he woul? receive u warm rccc l · tion in the form of 11 severe electncul shock. The offender so treated usual~ , wnlked away, shaking his head, rubbing his hand, and muttcrin~ in ,Ta/ ancsu. "Something is ~•ery strung~- I do not u~1dcrs~a1_1d." f~v was not likely, however, to repeat Ins unauthonzed borrowmg of oil . Th is so rt o f hor -~pluy bordered on tl1c serious, and it is remarkable that some fn t nli ties did not occur. fo the early days of mining, und until co111purntivclv Tecc11 t vem"" the ,:e~tilati_on wus rather primitive. Each mine had i ts ~wn sy:< tc;n fos1'. prov1d111g 111r undcrgrnund, but the systems were t emp erarncnt uI 1. n 1• . d. d h • • ' u.. ng su bJed to 1sor er w en a change of weather occurred, and all of them . ciuitc fallible. VV ooden c.himneys were built at ti t f wc1 e I . d tl . b ic op o the u t ]ending from t 1e ,_nine an le air . ecame heated throu h . . p~as sing a .flow of air up the shaft durmg periods of lo, ' t g c11culat1on, cda~·ng the summer months, when the temperature of ~thempetr~dtures, but ul'.I 1 b I d I e ou s1 e nnd • "de air \\' itS near v~ a .uncc . , t. 1ere wns practically no c·. m s1 u cu1a t·10n, an<l the nir becitnie stagnant, carrymg a reduced percentage of o~ygnn Th . "t•rs who o b,J· CC t ccl t o tiu•s s· t nt e o f a ff a1rs, • however, were considered • ~ • emollymmcocldlcs. The story is t ? ld It miner, calli~g at the mine foreman's office on the outside, rcqucst111g 1111~ to come to his working place the following day. with the pince• TJ1-.n mmer • . T he fo1·enrnn asked t he "nnncr. what . . was wrong . replied. that t 1w r c w1L:- n~ 111_r III c~rc~tlahon." It was a hot, sultry July daJ, with not n brcn th of wmd stirnng, and so the mine foreman said tc;tily, "You. darn fool, J~1,ck! Ther~;s no_ air_outside, how do you eicpect to ]rn.ve any m your wo_rkmg plu_cc? '.fh1s ~1ght have been the reply of many Forcmrn to .,,, ea ting, gnspmg mmers; 1t was the spirit of the early days sp ea king our There had never been a system of ventilation that functioned " , II du rmg the summer months, and it was up to the men to accept. condition:-. ·1i,;. t hey found them. In some cases a fire pot was suspended in t h,· upt•a s,l slmft to help the circulation, and in other instances furnaces were built. The Temnins of an old furnace, which wns of the most clnborate desig n nnd which must. have been very costly, still stands in the vicinity of o ld N o. Se,•cn "Mine at Rock SpTings. Later, fnns of the Murphy and G~1ibnl type were to make their debut in _the cause of good air,. but too often i:1·os~ cuts were driven at too great intervals, and old workmgs were sealed off with fiim sv eanvn.s or board stoppings, and the mnin air courses were too frcqu entl_~• pnrtinlly blocked. Through these cnuses much of the ltir taken inside wns short-cil-cnited, with the result that onl:v 11 s~all proportion of that passing- the entrnnce to the i~take reache~ the workmg £aces. This condition continued until comparatively recent times. i°! Toda v while looking at the substantial masonry and concrete ~top· d f ans, 1.111 • • coU1se • s of la.i-ge. .sectional and" 'overcasts, l11gh-spee 0 f • • th , ·king faces 1t 1s almost . ,ueas, with an n.mple volume o air swcepmg e ,,or • ' 1 k f . . . 11nposs1ble for the miner of to d ny t o rea1·, izc ti1at such nn .utter - ac of ventilation ever existed, particularly in the non-gaseousbmmtels. ?ome in tl Id . 1 t th • s and in fancy rea ie JD aga. en· ere • • hf ·t11 its 1•eek le O tuners, however, c,in S 1U the hcnvv air of the underground workmgs of th c e1g. iesll, wi 1 • e-cut fumes• • "C" grade powder ID a lmacdnn_ • of black· nowder ,, d was t • used "FF" for rnn numng rooms, "F" for hand mi11ing in rooms an en nes, ti 1. d the acrid in entries, und "FFF" for blasting r.ock. 'Whatevficr tie gt ~nge, a mine in f tnnc,; o f the explosives sl 10ck·ed one, s nostrils on rs fl en closing e1 time. 1 the eur]v days and this disagreeable odor hung on un • ' f the coal company began the _.. particularly for the As early ns 1901, the management, 0 1 ,1·0 ·k . . . • I0s1ves • 1 o f 111veshg11tmg t I1e use of s..nfctv . e~,, ··• OSI\ cs, ·I safetv exp nd gaseous mines at Hanna and Cumberl~ • ~hes;.:ia\{uantit)~ when shot, I were not satisfactory, giving off flame 111 peicep e . ptnl7S ,1/orlern Goodman M . unu/ncturwg Company Shaker Conveyor Drive �H1sronv or- UNION P Ac1r1c CoAL l\llN.:s ~lETIIOOS OF MtNINC d till' products of rombustinn were too often compo:,cd la r<rl'( V • monoxide mu11ufuctun•1·s. 111,cl p"'l'I·f·cct of,d .cu1·Lo•11 . nirtts. Il\' . 1905 the powder . cii>los1,·es lo such nn extent, ho11cvcr, that cxhnustt,·c t est8. • c their . ' Big '. I1t ..""1 ' nn d I11 t c1· 1n • "' taken 1111\0. , inc, ,, os.•SC\'l'll und :-,;inc• 1'1' I\ c I'(' 1in dc1·Spring:-. }'rolll the :-ntisfodory results rccei\'ed from these \e~~~s at Rock a in a II p• 1·ac-cs ' by wltcrc 1910 permissible powder wns used cxclusin!l)' for shootin "' he i 11 tro<luction ol' new mining machi,ics' unlI tl ac de • ·l rr T hnuls hemldcd t I 1c end of t he svstcm of lllltlc 1, 1 • ,c ~pmcnt of • au ngc tn Illa111 t • Ionr-J89Z the ,I' I1ompson- H ouston electric Jocomot· "Ch • en _r1cs. fi t I t . . I ivc, nrhc S ti1,. In e,·ca· bli'alt Ill • ti ic ,'-'•mted • ma t , • ' \·liich wns. the r,- . e cc. r1c N m111e S ocomotive . St wns put into ,.cn·'.cc an l o. even ;\l ane, Rock Sprin •s. This loc n_es, usi1w 500 ,•nits• direct cul'l'cnt, hauled thirty ...s o~otave, n f I } • to thiJ) ,.fi vc c111 with nn ,,ci•,irrc cnp:1t'1t~• o one nnc , · · b one- 1nlf tons ' n clistn,1cc 0 r one m1•1c to the 11 0 tiJ>JJI<'. ,, hl'll 1t 1:- l'l'llll'll1 cr eel that for more thnn Jinlf ti IC (1·IS tnnce t IlC lunal w11s ov<.'r of one and one-half per cent, ti1c pea· rorm· ,u,I MlI \'crsc gl'!\<lc · rc of th,, (' Ill',\' Ot'111110tl\'C \\'llS I\ r emnrknble one. 'With ti f , t 0f 1111 · c · I ·· I f 'ld 1c nc vcn 0 1 •'Chnrhe .-11111 1, 11 11m11 Jl'I' o 1111 -mnnnered little :\Iissoui·i I I . b:-. ,,'I on• ti rnn ti 111,,. • "C'I1ar1es" I' , success mnde it~vidcnt lllll cs their ,10 thnt ~it 11 would h<.' n11h it 11111 lter of tame hdorc the remnindcr of the nimnls in the cmplo~ , tlH • mtl l'Ompnny were to be superseded by other "Chn1·Ii . I ,,. " ''( 'I 1 r 1·tl',. 11011 res I s 111 • stnte on o. rock and flowcr-co\'crcd • Snut founcln-c tion bcfon• 1hl' Old Tiotl'l'"' B uilding in Rock Springi-. The nncicnt locon111ti\'c wn, ..1!k11 I_, 111itiatecl into The L"nion Pacific Conl Compnnv Old Timer,' . \ "cll'i,d <111 11 ith clnboratc cc1·cmonics on Jul~• 19, 192!>. ir old "C'hnrlic" co11lcl I alk "hnt stories it could tell! 172 1111 r:--: .._:_-\. .. ._ First e!C'c:lric mir I "~HAllLIE S.)IITH .. tr-~C'-1mg1t . l nine tons. ie ocomollre ma / acturciI Ill • the U • • • I. T errapin burli Capacitr 6 mt cs per hour. Gauge 30 in ( ;orse powcr-500 volts D. C. S eccl 8 Hou~~~ 11l Elcctric Co.. St. Paul 1 1;~:; ~t'~lw scd from .Vorth lf'est r1, 0 ;,1 psot1· 1a1·e a gri1•ua11ce , ., • <I} 1 6 , 1891. place i11 tl'" 01'J 1•·1111rri toAssociation:• present. I have ' rnr • k c d / or 3-J Jears am/ dcscrrc a ?u f Ilic con I wn l LOCOMOTl\"E "Cll,\RLIE SllllTR." ~ 01 1l e:n•ut w'tl • • I.Ill' Imiucr,. IICl'l•plt-d Pl'l'Jlliss1'bl I I m1111111r much' ' • n mes, t.uut it was lllllll.)' ycu.rs brforc t. · pcrmissilik• •• c powdc • • wa~ 11·n, I ,II~> t with ·t . I• for s Jiootmg hllnd mininO' u11d nil t na H~ ~_10 notoil ,the solid, as ut c' nst,i •s today. It was true that where con! I um 1nnd and N 'I' d • nn,1. 1 1,lnl•k os. ~-o an Three :i\Jmcs, •1s. J>ro< ncth·c i·csult. l'I' tft.. rr1·1mtw1 1 1l'I'. and ndjust111"11t~ ,,~ were obtained from permissible as from ' ... 'll Cl' II ' ~ ere Ile ' . fid<l 11 . mount of J>er1111·s ·1'b] ccssar1• , )' made with the miners {or , 1111 c,·cr· ti ic use of pcrn ·•s.. 'blc CXJ>I • • osn·cs used. In the Rock Springs lls:;1 c 1>rcsc11 tcd no diffi cu 1bes. • 173 In l!Hl:J oth, r 11111in- linc locomoli\'CS of ten-ton cnpncity, nnd lmulin~ sixty lllin c en 1·s. 11 l' l'C instnllr<l in Nos. Eight and Nine ;\lines, nnd ,ulditionnl lol·o111otiH·, wl're nlso installed in ~o. Se\'en :i\Iinc. Howc,·er, it wns not until 191 :l lhnl Ill.tin- line locomotives were first used in No. Ten i\linc, Hock Springs. In 190!) this system of lmulngc 11·ns installed in -Xo. Two ~l ine, H anna, worl-ing out \'Cl')' sntisfnctoril~·- Storngc bnttcry locomoti\'e,. were 11-.l•d to ,omc extent in 1907 in some of the Superior mines, but the l'arly bat tcrics larked the ruggerl construction of the prcscnt-dn)' onrs, 1111d thc,.c were ~oon superseded by trolley locomoti,•cs. Ab?ut 1917 gasoline locomoti,·e,. were experimented with o.t Hnnnn nnd Rcl)nncc, but they pt'O\'t'd too tcmpcrnmcntal and undcpcndnblc for the exacting dcmtlnds of mine haulage all(! 11·crl' soon nbnndoncd. Even the mules_ hnd been more lrnctublc than thrse. The inno"ntion thnt brought clectnc hnulngc locomotiYcs into grncrnl use, both on main lines nnd for nuxilinry hnuls, ~rns 1 the introduction of the loading machine ,rnd mi?c cnrs ~f lnrgc1· cn~nc \::· Locomoti,·c!'\ up tons high as fifteen-ton cupnc1ty nre Ill gcnernl_usc no • 11nd onh· a few hcnd of }i\'cstock are now employed in the mmcs, noel these fo;, other than l1aulngc work. 'I'he stol'Y of the mech1111icnl lon<ler begins in 1916, when.' (n conm~ofin 'ti . . . I r 'tcd Stnt s The '(mon Pnc1 c ·1. 1 other con1 compnmes an l 1e \Jnl c.? • • ·t. 11' l m,1nv C · · · I ·b'l't' • O f londnJf" innc1uncs Jll 1 s ou ompuny tn\'cstJuntcd t 1c poss1 I I JCs n • I ti C mines. No. Fo~r )line :i, Hannu presented n reul problem, ~ntlslllucl I ns die · 1 · I · ht I111d t 0 be tn"kcn out 1n bcnc 1cs, nn , • 1c 1t • frcqucn ti Y cnugl1t .!!l'Cnt 1c1g d , . t con '£ , on account of 1ts ~ t 11 .. 1 11 011 • • I11ng • ti.1csc • firrs• 1 n lnrgc nmount of coal were shot own ] out" E xtinmns I Id b 1 "' I Iec1< • led ti Ill t no fi ,re. spontaneously . . before it cou C cI Con< cc n· •nnd• •it wns on ompni - ' • f • • , -tudy 11 ns nn cxpcnswc luxury for the prevcnti,·c measures could be more costly. Accol'duigly, u tei some ~ ' �HtsTOHY or UN10N P Ac1r-1c Co ,L ~IINi-:s 174 l\km ons OF M1N1Nc 175 it was decided to purchase a Thew excavatin a shovel • dcctric motor, and with n bucket which had a c~l)aci t,, oefqu tpped one a l with an te1· ynrcl s. I t was fi rst p I,rnned to undercut t he room· d 1 nc a qu1l. h~ight of apprnximatcly twenty-se,·en feet with the T l:~~1• lo~ad the cnti:.~ did not work out. Lntcr a systcnt was deYeloped whereb • th ttder, but this took out the lower bench of seven feet 1tnd the brcn t ,:~fooe hand loaders wns loaded with the Thew louder. These loude r di I • t bench abo,, but their use was limited 1,y the fifteen f eet of )wad _c co,i~pai:atin.~ ly Welle nte the sho\'l'l. The one '!' hew sho\'cl installed in 1 9 { ~~:'.;l; equircd to ope\'~ 01 more the next . lllll(' 11111 •• fo, llowed• Liv . ·rear, a nd by • two more in 1918 • 'l 'IICSC • IC opernk f1url\' •1 1 l)t'>,1, (con I 111ul•cl t0 • well undt•t· the condition~ ~ tlt l_J. .·1-<t ll l t:l ll 11 I 1 ) • 11 11 Icy were a 1111doncd ' • ' , wl•c b In }!)2:.l bro .-1--IlC ,Joy t . loader s wet'"~ •Ill!, t·,1 II ccI Ill :-.;_ '1' 110 11, ·0 nHHe 111 192.J. • , with cicrht ll10l'C in 19•)r.: l'I ~ n. :\line 11 111111 ll'st· 11 c1·c !:d l· r •·c~ p laced by seven of a more modern btypc of J , I '.111d 19:W, since which time C\'Cll lnt~r modelso:f ~~c,'~ t. the ., BP. in 1928 mstullcd, although the 5-BU mnchincs lll'e · t'll • c ,J -~· loudt• r lum.' bc{'n n scrnpcr lo11<ll'I'. with n cnpncitv of ti . s I 1111 opcn,'1011 . l•:a .. ly in ll)?5 . . ., 11 cc nnc one-la 1 tf t • •ic cornpnn_y s shops at R ock SprinCJ's -d . .• c~rh ti o·- nn expc11mcn t,-d "·rtl l Ill,1•a-; v., o.built ~· in El[!ht H -t I 'ic•u of lou• 11•1c Ducl.-bifl in Rock Springs District, drivi11g 11arroru work u;it/r blouw pi; e for ventilation. This device is now built by tire Cooclma11 ,l/a1111 /act11ri11g Com rm11)'. Chicago. One of llw I . I Ha,111.a. look a/ II~~ [;~;~rs thal succeedc·d the Thew Shovels in No. 4 Mine. r :\line. The p erformance of this runchine was so suP.crior that eight lllOl'C nmd,incs were ordcl'ctl nncl installed at Tlock Springs, Reliance ond Winton. T hese machines work very well under good roof, but, on nccount of the large area ncce:,;sa ry to operate them, they do not work successfully where timber has to be set fnirly close to the £nee. . The fir:-t shaking eon\'cyor impor ted from Dochum, Germuny, was msh1llcd in Superior "C" i\Iinc on November 20, 1925, and proYed so successful tl11tt in 1926 six more machines were purchased, nnd the follo~l'ing year thirty more shaking conYeyors were (nstalled in the different mmcs. These machines were of German and Scottish makes, and from th<' initial installat ion were quite satisfnctory. W'ith the cnrly machines n retrnctiblc pan wns used at the focc end of the convcyo_r, but only a small part of t he coal could be loaded in this manner, nnd it was ncccss~ry 15 0 to shoYcl most of the coal onto the conveyor by hnnd. L11tcr11 what ?"' known as the "Duckbill" was developed by Frnnk L . i\kC !·ty, Supcrmtcndcnt, and George Ernsbarger, a member of the 111cchnmcal fo~·ce, th 1nt Rock. Springs. T his device' since materially impro\'cd, togcthe_r wi t • The U nion l'ac1~6,_ec l d · 1 111 11 Ill • d 5 Iin k·mg c·om•eyor has become stnnc 111· C<JU P <' Coal Company mi~es. These mnchines are now manufactured in the Umtc �METHODS OF l\[ tN JNG HtsronY oF UNtON P ,,c1r1c CoAt. I\TtNES 176 'I'I t · 111•011 P1tcific Coal Company had 151 of thc111 in use • • I d . 111 S tntc·~, 'n111l ic ..,8 t 1930 n number of pit cur 0 11 crs wer e mstallcdp .• 1939 From 19 .o • . ·11 , I ,. • •. • . ti R k Springs nuncs, to remove p1 urs uncl to provide u11ir1lyf Ill 11~ . o_c, ·cl1 certain older einplovcs could best u:-.c. IL tvpc O mnc HllC 11 11 • • I n D CCCIII1>Cl., 1<\•19 the Bonrd of :M nnagcr. s ofd The u,J. ' . • · Franklin l n"t, ., ·• ,, "<·ientific society of Amen ca, foun cd in 182-k, llwn rdcd tutc, ti1c 1end I 11b ~ • . H ,,. b .., to :\Ir. Frnnk L . :McCarty an~ ~lr: G~orgc • .c,rns ill"gt•r, a. Certificate of :\lcrit contniniug the following c1tnbon: . ·'In considcrntlt>n of. the development of a s .. . ,,unplc, rugged nnd in•renious deYice for londmg a J•ggmg conveyor. llec·ognition uy The Frnuklin Institute represent s a dis tind l1t11101•. Without the nid of modern machinery many of Thl· l ' uiun 1'11 ,•iffr Con! Coinpnny's older mines would hnve bc_cn clo,-ed d o 11 11 lil'fon• t•xh 1111,.. tiun. h,•,·ansc of the slow method of extraction 1111d the cxl ri-m t• 1111mhrr ul' a,·tin· workiucY places which it W1ls necessary t o ma intain . 1h 11 , II H !> thc udtlitiunal pl1~t'cs held in rc:sen•c for hand mining, all o f 11 hid, re~ulh•cl in lw11n nmintcunncc work and expense. YVith nil the operation .• of mining m111: performed mech11nic11II?, it bccmnc possible to r1•hnl1i litn h• t·c rtain of thr old mines, as wdl ns to open new mines on II llllH"C 1110.Jl' r n p :an. The following i;tntemcnt .~hows t he progress of 111cchn11icnl loa d ing in The r11ion P1u·ifk C'oul Co111p1my's mines, which lll' l' nt pl'C,.l' ll l OIIC lrnnu rcd pl'r l'cnt mcchnnicnlly opcmtcd; 1'1•11r 1916 1917 1918 ]919 1920 1921 1922 192:~ 192,1 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1<>:ri 19:ll 19:12 19:-t: 1931 1935 19:~:i 1937 1938 1939 Total Tons Alinwl Tons Loaded .1/1•clw11ically 1 J.:t{8.B5 :{,283.096.45 3.38-1.068.50 2.321,139.00 :{.069.379.20 2.984.53~ .00 2.253,773.95 3,24 l.J ()!) .85 2.821.677.fl0 2.779.06-1.S.1 2,776.245.,15 2.750.-130.20 2.927.389.US 3.060.632.25 2.897,653.25 2, 15:t527.2 l 2.1)-15.270.01) 2.097.558.23 2.102.552.95 2,887.73 Ul) 3,286.159.30 :i.315.628.05 :t016.977.85 3,261,003.45 23.872.75 56.117.50 66.19:us 50.S J.0.20 u:ts78.65 -16.:163. l ;j 107.693.00 l6l .52:t6S 265.-13-J..! ll 601.611.15 1.107, ns.ns 1.501,577.70 1.774.279.65 1.721.659.70 1.800,65 l.% 1.659.1-18.81 1,899,438.80 2.340,2-1-7.07 2.88 1,072.95 3,284,569.40 3.3 l 5,628.05 3.0] 6,977.85 3,26] ,003.45 :u 01.:~34,,65 Up until December 31, 1939 , T he Union Pacific Con! Company hnd a total of 31,021,936.89 tons of coal by means of mcch~nic I ~IIdCd a loaders, 'f hc U nion Pacific_ Coal Compa~y was n~nong the first to adopt the t 11.- 1lily driven s hnk111g con,·cyor 111 the United States, and this typt> of c1cc ~0 r loadinn·, with the duckbill loading head attachment developed i, • b . .d I , convc} on t i,c•. propcrtv . , 1s now em g ver y w1 c y used t hroughout this counlrv nnd Cnnadn. It is difficult t o :.,p l•culatc on wh_at will occur in_the coal indu~try dll!'jnrr the next few y ea r:; ; whether, with the steady m roads of other fuels, t>l ns •1 and O'i\ S . the indus try will continue to shrink, or whcthcr, bv the :,UC I • 0 1 " • • • • . 'd of mccha nic'11 ,ippl1Hnc~s 110w m use and others, more efficient, yet to ~~ developed, the imJu,., l_ry will ~cgain sm:1c of the ~usi11?ss that hns been lost. or at lcnst will bold ,t s own. fhe con] mdustry, b1tun11nous and unt!1r~·t • lias in t h<! pn ... t hcen too frequentl y conducted as an oppol'tumsbc Cl c, • o f t I1c nnbon • ' s b'1·mc . Ius tt'''f • .rl. ,, q 11 •1 rter nf n century aone t I1c producbon • ~ . tumino~,s min,•s in ce..:11scd nt the rate of ten per cent per 1rn11111n, d?uhlmg the unnunl ou lput 1•ach ten y ears. For cxnmplc, the total production wa~ for the year 18!!0. 1 11.:302.:322 tons, for 1900, 212,316,112 tons, for 1910, /Jrr Cr11/ 0.11 o.n l.67 2.85 l.65 2.l-1 2.06 :L12 5.72 9.55 21.67 I0.28 51.29 57.97 59.42 73.39 81.12 90.55 97.4,1 99.77 99.95 100.00 100.00 100.uo 177 V ulcar~scraper ilL uctio1i �Hisronv or UNION PACIFIC COAi, l\lhNEs 178 'ti1 the peak production in 1918,. of 57!),385,820 tons 9 • ups an d d owns, mos ti y d owns the• -H1111 . , ' H - tons, K WI C al hns had Ins Srncc th_at ~aY ~;gB¾~ 630 000 tons and in 1939, 889,025,000 tons'. production m 19 , ' ' . _ t)ie coal industry, at least a portion of it, has sobbed . .. In recen t ,c111s I • 1·t· • . f 11•. . ri the shoulders of sympat1etic po 1 1c11111s nnd pseudo 1 out1tstneo oeo • • d ·t I •ni•tnin po1•tions of the nut10n 1t rove I s emp OYcs into . t. econmms s. 1n c~ • • d ·1 • wages an mcrc1 ess opprcs:.ion • murder 1111d nmu·cli" ., through starvation . . c ne,,· development .mcrcnsed fostel' t 1rnn market, and with I n ti1c mcun t m1 • 1 dc•·acle of 1929> the mdustrr sank lower and lower, turning tIJC fi IHlnl'IU U . • • rn·icc fixml!, the very threat of wl11ch k·d thousa nds ·111 (It•sp1u•1. to lcgi~lntive • • ~ I I · I • of users to further increase then· efforts to rec ucc _t 1c1 r pure 11L~" nf coal h\' bc•ttcr usage and by the substitution of fuel 01I a nd uaturnl ga:. for 1·~al. It was ouh· when n uniform lengU1 of the working chi~· 11 11d 11 11 huudy wage partially ~1pprox.imnting uniforn_1ity w~s t•stnblis~1ed. th~tt tl,c major number of coul operators began to tlnnk senously of 1mp1·m rng the qunlih· of their product and reducing the cost of production thrnu gh 111eclrnnir.1~tio11. The concentration of wage negotintions in the Appulachia n Field, which took place in 193-}, nnd which yet continues, crcnll'd a rd u rn to the older forni of coal lubor politics, the promotion of coal ~torngc: Io co\'er a possible strike nnd suspension of production, with fl prolonged talking 11111td1. whieh ended without gain to either side when the stora~c piles were upproud1ing exhnustion. ,Vhile this tnkc-us-nowhcrc progrnm was being enrried on, the management of The l'nion Pacific Coal Company undt'l'took to rnl'chnniie its mines gradually and without enforced reduction of manpower, reducing its unit costs and increasing its percentage of extruction, building up simultaneously a happier, safer working. and more contented dnss of workers. Looking backward, it is now clcnrh· c,·ideut that the nwthoc!s of mining 1tnd the cost of prnductiun tl11lt go~•crncd twenty years ugo m the Compuny':- mines would, if continued, lun·e led to an even greatl'r shift from coal to fuel oil by the raihoud company. As bud ns it w~s to lose the Oregon nn<l Washington sections of the rnihoad to fuel oil, sbll further .t!·ansitions would ha,·e pro,·ed profitnblc to the Uailroa<l if the old cond1tums had been continued. . One of the Ycry real advantages th,tt hns come out uf the mcchani;w..tion of the Coul Company's mfoes is that of the increased cxtrnction sccui·ed per ucre, of mineral in place. In 1900 the cxtrndion did not exceed forty per cent; today it nverugl's in C..\':cess of eighty per cent, a clear gain 0 one hundred per cent. In certain mines the avernge extraction e.."\'.cceds innctyyer cent. An increase of one hundred per cent cnn therefore: be conscf•r,·a~•~·cly cl:-timcd. There is, however Yet room fo1· an r,·en higher increase odl'o. l'ffic1cncy • • ' • will • come through further mutua l • 111 mu~mg me.th od s. S uch 11nd ~f '~· a growmg fcclmg of the triteness of the motto of the "Three • UN ·eteri·s" in Dumas' fnmous storJ, "All for one, one for all." f CHAP'l'ER XXI. Officials Tells of early-day o~/~cials, the '!'~n who, without geological maps or reports, sought out pronnsi~g coal mrnmg locations, who lived on the tree• less wind-swept deserts, witlwut water that was acceptable for domestic or ;team-making us_e, with_ no _reservo~r of labor to draw upon, even contending with the wily Indian in opening Old Carbon, and who withal developed the ~oal tha~ was necessary. to a transcontinental railway and a rapidly seuhng empire; rnen who lived, worked and laughed through it all rnen u•hose nnmes should be carved in stone as an inspiration to those of'a later gcnf'T11tio 11. _who now b~ild 011 a foun1ation of 11ision, couragP. and pioneering lwrdships- and tl1tnk they are doing well. HE l'nion l'acific Co11I Company is not n remote uncl bloodless mnchinc in t h e l ni:l of its employes ; nor is it an omnipotent force thnt hire;; nnd d i;;chnrges men without reason, and wl~os~ sole purpose is ~o u111ass profits. T he l "nion Pacific Coal Company is, m the last anulys1s, no more and no less than the group of me~ who comprise its offici~ls,_mnny of whom rose to their present high positions the ha~·d wny, begmm~g ns miners in the day of the lrnnd pick and shovel. In this chapter mention 1s made of some 0 ( the men who have served as officials of the co~! ~ompany and whose loyalty and ability have made the company what it 1s today. It is a pitJ that lack of sufficient records causes us to leave out the names of many good men. Any record of the list of officers of The Union Pacific C~nl Compnn.dy, • . . d I C lD ·t nt of the Railroad prece t 'ti t die and those who ndm1mstere t 1e on epai me . 1 .mg the commg . C I C 1 of the on ompany, wou 11 r be mcomp c c w1 1ou reference to iI r. D . O. Clark. . . 8 I ·1 •ving us bo,)kkeepe1• Mr. Clark came to the properties HI l 86 w 1_1 e set h I t d in "'· . . C oy Ins office t en oca e for the " ryoming Coal & i>'l mmg ompa ? t' f the Coal Depnrt1 Omnho.. This connection antedated the orgamz~ .on ~ m any 11 pioneer m~nt of the Rll.ilroad, the Wyo.ming Cot~r G~direy at Carbon, mine development ugcncy established by ai e Rock Springs Almy and Point of Rocks. . art which hns virtually d,s' Mr. Clark was a marvelo~s penman, nn Mr. Clark's curly days t~c appeared, at least among business men. ~] h nd and many splendid 1 correspondence was invarinbl~ cond~cted ~le:n!r ;he Union Pucific Coal l!Xamples of his fine penmansl11p rest ll1 thc ,,,'th the Coal Comk' grew up '' { Company. Mr. Clark, figuratively spea mg, of the Coal Department 0 puny. In 1874 he was made Supcrmtendent T &_f\t:n~ 179 �}80 HisTonr or UN10:'i P\C:rr1c Co \I . l\JINEs the l"uion Pacific Hnilro1111 Compnny, conlinuin~ i,~ I hnt position until 18!11). Fron1 1_8!1(! lo 1~95 he wa,-_ nss1grll'd to spct·inl duties, 11111ch of l11s l1111c bcrng spent 111 Wmihiuaton. D. C. From 1895 to 1904, lw sc1·,·cd n:, u pcri11te~11cnt of The t'nion Pncific Con! Co111pnny nnd from 190-l< to 1911, he ocnrpicd the position of \"il'C Pr·csident nnd Gt•ncr:ll ;\l1111ngcr, rctil'ing in 1911, 111ovi11t{ thcn·uftcr to Townndn, Pcnmn·lrnniu, where lw resided until his 1knlh, whid1 orcu1Tct!'on ~ovember 21. H)21. 0 FFICL\LS. P AST \~D p 1 1 During ;\Jr. Clark's inrumbcncy, he laid I he fou11 d11tio11~ for thr subsequent pcnnnnent opcrnti on • of The l"11io11 Pncifir Con! Company. Hi:- p rimary dut v I) .I f If I · • • O. CL ,11i.. wits to furms 1 uc or t 1c opernhom, of the l"•1io11 Pn l'iHc ltailroad, 111111 to market the surplu:- commc1Ti1dh·. T liL• 111 1• . • 1 1, S . ,. 1 • ll u ; u ,ock . C b 1·r Spnngi:. Ill' on, :1.11111111, p~·lllg ' ll Icy, CutnUl'l'lnnd. "'upl• rio r nnd n, ._ ancc wcrl' dL·,·t•lopl-d under Im, personal :.upcn i,ion• •'\It<! • 11 Ill Il UCCll f)~h I . ,nth 11111nr ll'< . other. duties, .he kept in closc touch with th•... upc1·n 1terns of the scn•ru I properties. Durmg the period he wns 'upl•l'in l 111 I,11 l I while \"ic·t• nnd General :\Iunn ircr he made ft· cq111 ' ~1 i i-,1 • _:.u lt nlso . P n•sidt•nt I • i,' ts to thc proper I -1t ics, t il 1wc d · w11~ l'CI'\' · • uctivl'. On thc occn ion of .,uc·I1 1" 1·1,, Itc •rn,ualh· mal c uc u c m:.pcd1011s of the surface operation,, on fo (lt. • • '.\Ir. Clnrk wns a man of oubtanding intc.,ritY II ho x t I • l . act· i •1 from l11s suburdinntcs a high standard of conduct Oub1~u·•l·1,'. I ,. , 11 d f · · • ' ll' Ila,-" l•rn :ind 1111 · .tct~, n11_1 in cw 111t11111ttcs, snying but little b t 1•• • • • ,,. m nil In-, ilealings with his ass~cint • _11 l~ II 11,- .JU-,1 and upright was ki11tll\' anti nppronchabl. WI c • and bch~ncl In, l'C:.~•rvl.'cl 111un11cr, he Su11crio1· ·1·,1 1')'1(' ·t . l c• .1 .1CJ.1 a new 1111111' w,i,- Ul.'111g 11ro 1· cctcd 111 ·•1 >, 1 \\HS(CCmeutithntrt 0 ,:,:•,t. : 11 O on who,-t• shouldcrs fell ti . . "' n e rt I lw na rnc nf thl' m1111 ic prmc1pa 1 \lork of '•k· t I • 1111d 11 f tcnrnrd dc,·cloping . f I ~n: m g Ott ocations for, , man~ o t ll' curh· 111111 c,-. During :\Ir. Clark's nbsencc in 1890 • • D. C'., 011 compnuy businc . . ti C I ' a pci·tod :.pl'nt in \Va!-hington, 1 s Mr. Chmubcrs H •:\[ ·l('bb~ • c on Dcpartml'nt w11s prc:.idc<l over bY .• C l yIn II'110 was · o f u Il r1gnd1c • • r Gcncrnl 111 •• . • • • th l • :son ti ll' l llltcd States .Al'I llll(] while t11erc with oudng :\IclGbbin entered "" est P oint AcademY Whitt1tkct· the fil' ·t cts becunic inrnh·l'tl in the hnzing ...,f C'ud~t t·onhovi:r~~- whicl:,;tillt'.Odot1l·cc youth to enter the Academy. \Vlrntcycr the 1 c 1c column O f ti ') · •• s tc ncw:-pupel's i11• that duy Cadet \' nttukrr lost hi , , d told of :\Ir Cl1tt1·lsc~1Fl:!"" nn_ n number of white cadet:- were l'Xpclled, It is • s 1·nnr1s Ad 1. 11·I10 • • • • i·ond Company from 18S-~ t ;~ :s~ncd ns President of the Rnil 0 18 uatt-d from H ni·,·nrd l: • . • ' thnt with cnch succ:ecdin "' clnss grndthe ruilt·uad a fow ,. \ nivcl'Slty, (:\Ir. Adams's alma mater°) he ~ent to 1ng grndu t • I1 •mstructions to put 'them in line f111•. r·ll'l' Prei.idt•llci~s11nnd ti . p .". ~s int Ru,lro11d nncl it:. Coal D tc lCiH<lcnt·y. ~lany of such remained with the 11111' of lhe111 e1·t•r bcc:, , eppur~nlll'nt, but the rc;ord docs not show t hat nnr 11C l'C'SI( cnt < 1 • . :\Ir. Gco1·"l' L Bl k • Cou1pu11,· •tl 1f\Ut·k. Sprmgs i~c • cntl'rl'cl the l'lllf1lo.., of Th l. • · • • in ti ., c mon p ac,"fi•c Con I ic l'nd_y eighties ns an engineer. Abod • ~;rtr r flESF.NT . t IS . 181 1890, .he ,ms e<I '11pcnntcnclcnt, an d a few ,. _, nppom t \ I su,,t•r111tcnul'11 . t , gnl< Iuatc mini k I 11tcr, Gencrn1 . 111o, cng·111ec1· ~1r lll• cars with the co111pn11y s cur}' l'ng111ce1·i11g w0 ·k ' : ac tn<l much to d0 ' • purbcuh 1·I ti · o f till' C um l,er Innd, p ring \"alley • the opc111ng an ' Y int tnei<lenl to l'Cd drnrgc of I he prospecting i·ccords 11·I • • ' . d H unnu mines. In d,· 1 .. • II 11 c ttct111g • • ,·crr f1unrl11tr wi t 1I a tlw ('On] ficl<ls i,,· ti as cng1nccr, he wnN . . I . 1 • sou tern VVv • exccuti"c, ll' wa,- rctirct on n pension in i\I 1. I 1915 • omn~g. A cnpablc homc in .Allentown. P cn11-.yh·1rnin, ;\[n~• 10: 1; 1;'.• , dymg al his old In the ' ln:,t .·,·t·arsI of the Inst ccntn,·y . , tiicrc was not a c00I t • own m Soul Itern '\ .' ommg w 1cre :\lorcrnn Griffith 0f I to scrvc 'l'lrl 1• 11io11 l'acitic Co~I CompunyS, o_ne_ t Ike finest officinls CYcr . ' "ns not ·no11·n und liked A native Welshman :\Ir G 11.-ffilh , s cnme to A .· • ' • • met ica m the lnte seventies, cmbucd with ~he snmc rcso!utc spi1·it thnt cl1111·11cterizcd so mun,. · of. l11s count1·,·1 . 11"n " • He s1wn t sc1·crn I yrars Ill Pennsylrnnin, Inter living in o~knloosn, lawn, nnd still later, in Coal Crct•k, Colorado, nlwuys drifting further wcstwnrd. In 18i9 he arrived in Rock ?prings, /pplying fo1: u job underground 111 old No. Three i\[me. Only two \'cnrs later, armed with I\ well-enrn~d stnt; certifi cate ns n i\linc Foreman, he took over the mnnngcment of No. Three i\lin<!, und in 1882 he wns mnde General Forcmnn of all mines. No one wns more conversnnt with the mining opcrntions of The Union Pacific i\lonc ,~ GmFFITHS Con! Company nnd with the gencrnl geological structures of the different mining fields tl!nn_was :\Jorga11 Griffiths. His abundant energy w11s continually pushing 111111 mto new d11u1ncls, nnd he seemed to have n corner on nil the time in till' ll'ot:I~, n~Ycr lwing too hurried or too pressed to take on nnothe1: .1oh. I? addition to his work as Genernl Underground Forenuw, Mr. Gnffi~hs d_td 111uc·h of the µ,•climinary prospecting work nt Cumbcrl~nd, ~pnng \ ullcy, S11pl'rior, an<l R cliuncc. H e had a smnll laborntory m winch he made proxinmtc nnal yscs of nil the different cotds in the scvcrnl fields, nnd no mining pl'ojcct of major importance was undertnkcn without c~nsulting .'.\Io1·gnn Griffiths. When the l:nitcd ~line Workers of ~men':,'.1 1 <>l'gnnizc<l the 111inc workers of The Union Pncific Conl Compnny ui 19~ • nmch of the J>l'climinury work of ncgotintion was c•11rriecl on by Mr. Griffiths. P1;or to his n.n ·i,:nl in R ock Springs, he had been II mcntbl'r_of !ltl· ~nights of L abor. In nil his contacts with the l"nion after it:1 orgnmzatton m " ' yarning, his decisions were just and rensonnble. . . , 1 G 1·mtl . 11·n • offered the job of is (' :; I Comp11n1·. hut 1ic As·· S t orne ·years pr10r to }11s death ' "• •r. p1· 'ti, S IS nnt General l\lanager of The l nion net ~. on .• •• ,, 0 wus by this time too deeply nttnchcd to Rock Sprmgs to I\ t:1h to mo, c t �182 HrsTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES OFFICIALS, PAST ANO PRESENT ,w JJosition rcquil'cd,. und he d.cclinctl. H e had <rivt'n l· . Oniulin, o.s ti ic nc . J'f , t I • . , ·k . I • b llJn'ti t ·t'nt thl'ough a.II l11s I c, o 11:s ,, 01 ,tnc its demands , d ~clf w1 • um :s I ' 11 1., t' l J· I t· • ' ,ln . 1909 ti1c s·t,1111·n bctran to tc .. ar• icu ar .V ex mus mg . hud b"" . m "' -.-on Ins work in handling mine fi_rcs and chrectmg rcc_~v~ry pro:ccdmgs_ followin. . . ticld in wluch he was an autho1 it). H e died at his hon _g e:,..-p1oston:s, 11 "l . G ··lfit'· . . _ . .' ie 111 H0 k S :111gs on March 9, 1911. l'v J. II us ,1-a :s 1uan1c d m l 885 l 0 .c Api D n,,·s ,ind twelve children were born of this uniou.• six • of ,i·l1ou1 E 1um nn ,. 1. , · no"· survive, Lewis, Bill, Evnn,. :\lo~·g_nn , ~mJyn? und :;\[rs. VV ..J. Carr. No one wns more widely known 111 mm111g circles 111 the Stlltc o f \V.)' oiuin nnd 110 on<' wn~ mort' highly respecteci among the employ es than i\forga~ Griffiths. Th<' roster of the- Unjon Pncific Coal Compa11.y ' ~ 1." ngi1wers is u ]011 ,. one, C'Xtending m1tny years bttckward, and including munJ nnnics, but solli~ niunl's there nrc tlrnt stnn<l out from the r est, the na rncs o f uwn who nmdcrcd partit•ular service to the company and the sb\tt•. :\Ir. Frnnk A. Manley came to the propcrtv as :t young mini11g engmet1 r m the eigl1tics1 later appointed Chirf Enginl'cr, nlso liolding the t.itle of Superintendent of all t'Onstruction work. In 1911 he was appointed .Assistant Geneml :;\fonagcr, ~ and, on the rcsignntion of i\h. D. 0. Clark, he wns prnmotecl to the position of Yice President ant.I GC'nt'rnl i\fo1111gcr, serving in this capacity until 1919, when he resigned to 1tccept the Vice Pl'esidcncy of the O'Gurn Coal Compnny, operating i~ southern Illinois. i\h-. ;\fonlcy died on August :2, rn:37. at P<ltb;yi]k·, P cnnsylvanja, while l'lllplo\'1.'J b.,: the Hcnding Coal un<l Iron C'omp,;ny. \ His s1icc·cssor as Supcrintrntlcnt of Constrnction for 1'hc Pnio.n Pacific Coal Colllpnny, l\lr. E. Ilarton H ack, took office soon after thC' tum of tllc "ciitiii·,· • I FRANK A. MANLEY ~ , nn d t lcs10"ncc 0 ~nnny ~ tbc company's tipples and min~ buildin<rs 1,nrticularl\' the buildmg .nt •~o• T,·10 ";\{'111e, Hmrnn. H e also. rcdcsi<Tnccl e, ' i\o. Ouc Tipple at Hock S ._ pl'lngs. b ) . ·t Mr: W_. J. Hnllett was appointed Chief EnO"inccr on Januarv 1, 1911, In er rrs1gnm.,. t 0 t c 1· ~ • J <>. move o u 1fornia. 1'Ir. Halldt is now employed by t ll' Roc k•y :'llountnm Fuel C . • I I • C ) · l A I11t . , . , . ,omp,my, Wit 1 1endquttrters m Denver, .o 01 nc o. . k ci Clucf Bngmccr was 1\Ir. Willis T. Ryan whose most important 11 or • was. the <lcs ·" • ttnc ] I>tu·1drng • . of• the b01Icr : 'room at No. 1••our 1\ "-,1·lllC, •.,nmg H annu, m 1918 ·mcl ti d • • d J 1b of the s tu.A' 1·esidences an t 1e cu Iiousc •m W1n·<lell' <C . ie R cs1.Q'11111g ~ . ,~ , . I Jd the .P ·t· . oui t, ock SpnnO"s. Mr. J nmes L. L1bb:y, who ie O of A~s · •1s t an t Ch'1c f E ngineer • d mnnvOSJ ol' tiion C for o. number of years, d es1gne • IC 01111>·mv's b ·1c1· • I • b ·1a· t he Old']'' , D<. ~ ui mgs, me udmg the p1·csent office U1 1ng and llllCI" l 11Id. A • t ~ mg. graduate of the Colorado Sch.ool of l\{ines 11 183 Golden, Col orncl~>, in M-ining Engineering, he developed into a hiah-rankiiig architect. His death ctimc on July 80, 1937, after a ]il1gering illness. A curious _affinity cxists _bchn:cn c~rtain of tl1c offices of the coal company, n simifant? tbu t permits an ~>ffic1al wlio is efficient in one position to be trnnsfcrred without loss of efficiency to any number of others. Indeed mnny of the compiw y ' s highest officials have reached their pl'esent positions by 11 10110· series of promotions through e,·ery t~·pc of~rnrk r,rn1t<'ctcd with the coal com1;nny. Such men mu kc thl•ir \l'(ty upward in the rnnk:; of t lw company employes with quick, intelligent , crsittili ty, moving from one office l o nnotlw r us though each new post was nwrdy 1111othe1· hurdle to be cleared. Sornc of them lit-gan, like Morgan Griffiths nncl Vrnn k ,\ . Manley, as engint'ers. Others :tarted a~ miner . .A few have C'vcn entered upon tht'ir (•1Hecr " -ith the company 1ls trnpper lJOy:;. W hakvcr the spurk within them that dis ting uished them from their frlJow workers, whd hcr it be rcsour<·efulness, initiative, or slicer tlctf.!nninntion, these men hn\'c hatl one quality in common-an awareness, not only of thci1· scpur11te jobs as such, but of the c-ntirc business of coal mining as J L L n unified whole. It is this consciousness of AMES • IBBY nil of the Yust activities of the indt1stry that makes them able to fit int.o 11 number of the imJustry's corners. Of ull the positions that various officials have occupied, either through trnm,fcr or promotion, perhaps th~ single P.ost that has bee_n the most frequent stepping stone towards !ugh rank m t he company 15 the otfiC'c of Mine Foreman, nn office which has been held by such men ns l\Ir. Dnvid G. 'l'homns, Mr. Michael Qucnly, and many others. A few of the foremen, both pust and present, t1re herewith introduced: Mr. John S . Davis, of .Bevier, Missouri, served at one tirn<' as Mine Foreman at Rock Springs, Jater becoming Superintendent of the Central Coal and Coke Company's mines at Sweetwater, now known as. Quealy, Wyoming. Mr. Zoro Meredith was Mine Fore~an ~t R_ock Sp1:u~g~ No. Eight Mine and was killed while supervising tunbermg ln the \')CJUlt! of the No. Ei~ht shaft bottom. Mr. D. M. Elias, Foreman of ~o. Eight l\Iinc for a time' was like :Mr. Davis, a native of Bevier, l\IissouT1. ''.Dave," llS he was famil\n.rl; known, was a genial a_nd kindly gentle~1an, h~ed by all of the emp1oyes. He was later made Assistant Gcne,r nl Mme Fo~eman, with headquarters at Rock Springs, to later become ~ta~e Co~! :Mine Inspector which office he held until 1908, when he lost lus life ~vlule enga~ed 11 ,r· •m recovery ' · Hanna No. One i,ime oecmTmgwork 1n a ft.c1· tl1e explosion • there. �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MlNES OFFICIALS, P AST ANO PRESENT .d G 'Tliomas whose name and work, both a s 11 J)oitt a d • ' • ti I•t f' -, u us 1\Ir D ttvl , . ·1 . , ·111C!.X~ricnbly bound up m ic lls o ry o 'I he U nio11 lJ an officw lll c liO ~ • d Il t b ! n. . Coal' Com Jany that this recor wou c no. e comp etc had he not 1 cific d b e tioned in it, was employed a s 1fow Foreman a t No T!1 . a1rea )' eeu 111 11 d St I • - tee a t e nspcctor of C . • ·R 1. Spi·ings Jfc ,1 ]so serve a term ns • I S • oa1 1\lmc, oc, 3 ,. . f -.;u .oming ·wd was later mace upcnntenc,cn t of the mines t 1, 1mes or n 3 , '· . .. • d I i\l , , n . ··ng· During the d.1tierent p er10 s t lilt J' T. 'I hon1as was ,. R oc·k Sp11 ~. ') ·n C 1 C ,-in, d a · nn officio.I of The Umon l aci c ou 0mp1wy, he studied law ] p O) C s d l"> t. A ' wn; ndmitted to the bar, und was ma e rosecu 111g tto rncy of Sweet•water Comity and of Ui11tu C?unty 011 ;epuratc occ,~siuns. As a poet, )Ir. 'l'bornM let the flavor of 111s warm ,~ ;lsh hu_mo r s1 ft through all his writings. His poems were on fat!1iliur subJects, like the fe~ I of ~lump nir in the mines the trnn-edy of u n1111e e.x plos1on, nnd the long111 rr o f some of 0 ' . . j f r . \V.i,, C. D emi cr the old country mjners for their home in L ancns I11rc 11 forn1cr publish~r_of the Wyomi_ng State Tribu~c, once sni<l of Mr. Thoma~'. "His pot>trJ rermuds me of fruit cnke or old wme - n.s 11 poet, !te imp rovt's with age." A number of the poems of i\lr. Thomas hn Ye bc(!II o-athercd together in the volurue called "Overland and l ndcTground.' ' a n<l largely clue to the merits of this volume, 1\Ir. Thomas was chos~•n as P uet L uur~nte of the Old Timers' Association. .r·ne Foreman for a number of years in No. Seven Mine, Rock Sprmgs. • l\,.11 . Mr. John l\Iax-1~·ell, sw cc deceased, came to Rock Springs from Carbon as Assistnnt :M ine Foreman a nd was later made Mine Foreman at this mine. Another fornicr head of No. Seven Mine is Mr. John L Dyke stUlle A . S . • s, who also served a s ss1sto.nt upe1:111tendeut at Superior at one time. Mr. Dykes c11mc to So~thern Wyom1~g from Nebraska in the very early ditys. Mr. J ohn D u n_m1re, now a res1dent of Colorado, also served for •cnrs in No. Seven .Mme as a Foreman. The present Mine Foreman in No. }our Mine is 'j\,f.r. 'l'ho_mus ,Overy, ,~ho has acted in this capacity in No. Fotu· and To . l.!:1g ht ::\fmes for a period of about twenty years. Mr. T. Y. D avis wa::; one of the early Mine Foremen in No. Thfoc ;\line, Rock Sp r ings On leaving the employ of the coal company, he scned as S up1•rintcudcnt of the ,i\7yoming General Hospital, later moving to Colorad o, ,1 hen· lie lived with his son, Dr. Thomas D avis, until his death. ~fr. 'l'homa,, 13rn11naman served at one time as Outside Foreman nt Rock Spring·, lh d id 1\lr. Elmer Moffat, and Mr. Thomas A. James, now Presid ent of llw Superior Lumber Company of Rock Springs. Since le1lYing t he crnp1oy of t he co,tl company, Mr. James l1as been very successful in the contracting and building business. Another Outside Foreman at Rock p1·ing~ wus Mr. C. H. Durham, who met his death in n.n antomol.>ile ncci<lcnt some _rcurs ago. Mr. George A. Murphy also discharged tl1e duties o f I<'orcnuu1; together with those of chief clerk at Rock Springs. Later :i \lr. ~1urphy became Superintendent of the Spring Canyon Mine ut Spring Ca nyon, U tnh, passing away a few yea.rs ago. ~Ir. Robc1·t ~Iuir, now r etired and livu1g in Long Beucl1, California, wns General ~luster M cclwnic of all TJ1e Union Pacific Coal Company's properties for many years, a position that carried with _it heavy ;·esponsibilitics. A splendid example of n self-ma~e m_an, lv~r. Muir was a constant student of t eclnucal literature, and, until ]us retirement, he knew more about the coal company's mechanical actfrities than did any oth~r official of the company. No mechanical work was ever undertaken without ~fr. Muir's advice, und this included the design and construction of the steam plants and the large steam hoisting engines in the sc\·l!ral di);trict s where operations were carried on. Bob se1·,·cd as President of The l:nion Pacific Coal Company's Old Timers' Associo.tion in 1929. Mr. Arthur T . Henkell succeeded l\fr. Muir as General l\foster Mechanic, and he, too, wns n capable nod conscientious officinl. It was he who carried fo1·ward the additions to the Rock Springs powe1· plant in 1936. Hllving spent some ~ime at the University of W)'oming, sh1~ymg mcchunical engineering, and hnvmg served as Muster Mechanic nt Hnnna, CumRoaEnTMum berland, and Superior, p1·ior to-his appoint- 184 . Another Mi11e Forem~n, l\fr. ?· G. ,Tones,. cumc to R ock Springs wlule yet u young man, se1·vmg as :M me Fo1·cn1at1 111 N o. One .!\l ine. On tlw closing of this mine he was appointed Mine Foreman in Xo. Ei ,rht l\fo1e and later !n ~o. Four ~~ine. To ~h. Jones goes the c rc<lit of hi~·mg beet; Foreman m ~o. One 1\lrnc when 1t was the Iara-est pro<lu cin rr UJine in the Rock Sp~·in~s district. A former assistunt or°ltis in old N~. One l\linc, 1\fr. :B~n.1am111 Ledb~tter, died severa.l years ~igo. nfr. ,Toho Park was also i\lme Foremau m No. One Mine in the early nineties, r esigning to be~omc County Tnusurcr of Sweetwater County. entil his death lie °'' ncd and ?JJernted the Park Hotel in Rock Sprincrs. A third l<'orcmun in No. One ~lmc nt Rock Springs was )Ir. John M. Paterson who came to i~e. town j~. its early days from Iowa. After lcavina the s'crvicc of The m?n Pacifi~ Conl Company, he acted for a numbe~ of vcnrs in the cnpa~ity of Mine Foren~an at the Lion Coal Corporation'; mine at Illairto" n, and thcte mot his death from a faU of rock. lutei• t o becomc a prosperous ranc1ier m · C.arb011 Ci\lr. :Uichucl Queal" J • _. o~mty, wns one of_the curly i\line Foremen in No. Five Mine nt Rock spungs. Ur Ben Le\\T I d , · f vcars 101 . ·k: . , . s u so sen·e as .tlmc Foreman for a number o • ·• ' 1 · still · employed as As•1'.,t•tiit , 1mo . ° lll F lvi mes No • s.· E. tg}l t an d T en, and 1s • ~ u • ~t me orema11 • ,r E. I · • d · No Eicrl1t 1\I. ' 1ll no. ig 1t Mme. Other men who worke Jl1 • o • me, were 1\Ir Rul ]1 ll t f is employed 111 • ~ 0 E' • _P ux on, a ormer l\,line Foreman, wI10 who loi· • • • • tght ns a section foreman, and l\'.h ·. Georae Fitchett, manv Years hefor, I• i::, d as Mine Fol·~i;au there. e mac imery wus installed iu No. Eight, sen•e l\fr. 'l'homa~ Fost .1. I t S . . and no1r t'lnplo\· d • ~ ' ~ er upermtendent at R eliance and '\Vmton, s "C' as ut ide Foreman ut the Rock Springs mines, was 185 �,, 186 O FFICIAI.S. HisTonY OF UN ION PACIFIC Co \L :\ li -.Es General 1Iastc1· 1'1cchanic, he wn.s ll't•II fi tted lo fill the po t b . . . • . 11· . I l I . . . . • l ,. y \' 11·.UC of trainmrr and ex11cncncc.k clll'I t e1.1 I ou O I .u11 . u on ,J anunry . • •)- 7 , 1n, .,,17 l , . Jnmes Y. :\Int·doruild wor "(' as a mat' 111111, t undel' ~1 r. 1\lui,· 1 f • •'1l • ' • n kS • I JC O l'C wus mndc ShoiJ Foreman nt n oc • pnng:-, 1111c "11:. lntt•1· mac!(• 'l s. lie • . '' 1111 n lc1·. :\fed111nir at Rork ~pnngs nnc1lle1·mnce. 0 n .,'I ,·. II. en k·c ll' s ~entli. :\Ir. donnld suc-crcdcd hnn as Gcncrnl 1'lnstc1· ?\kd11t111c. lfo d ied nflcr a bri~f illm•ss 011 .April 2(i, 1938. The post of dcclrit·i1111 is un offi~c of n•cent t·n•a tion 1.·ornpan~d lo ~omc of the ,·oal t'ompuny's other. offices. 1101 c n •att•d ltri 1·1 II R ksl l "ns . I ll' I erect iou of till' fir~t power pant ,., oc • pnng ti\ HlHl. for lirrJ , • "i h l lllg · the town nncl for suppIy111g cu r-' rent fur the mining uperntiom,. Tht• fir,.t Chief 1•:lectricinn wns :\[ r. \Yillis C'o1111or, now deccu~ed, who ca111t· from O11111hn, nnd who occ·upicJ that post 11t R ock Sp1·ings 1111d II t Cu111hc1fand. i\I r. John Blurk w11:.. nlso for n time Chief Elt•clrieinn, rcsigniug to 1·cturn to Penn:-\'lrnnia. A third 1111111 tu hold tl1i:. ~ttice " ·ai- :\Ir. L. D. Grny, a g raduate of the E lectrical D e p n rt III en t of the Colorndo School of :\[inl•~ at Gulden, C'olorudo._During his inl·umbency, substnnhal additions were made lo the power pl1111t. \\"lll'n i\fr . Grny moved to Oklahoma nt the becri,;ning of thr \\'orlil War, :\Ir. U~\'d L. Betcher MtecerdL'tl him. ::\Ir. b . C. 1'kKcelmn. who sc\'\'cd in l he Elecb·ic Dcp11r t111ent fo1· a n11mbc1· of ~-curs, took over the po,;ition of Cluef Bleetririun in .:\fay of 1918, ARTlll' R T. H EXKELL holdmg same until I • . . .• • tis tes1gnnhon on DL•cembcr ;n, l !J:36. H L • also SL'n·ed as Gene. I ' [ Ill ,, nnn°er of the Soutl1 • • \\' • v1 • • the Southe \\' i:, • ein YOllllllg ~ cctnc Compnn\' now I'll vo111111rr l'tilitics Co • ] I •• hu,·ing 11c,·ei· nttcndcl'colic , • . 111Pll 111• ,n rgc y n st'! f-eclucn tcd man, one of the hcst i 1f . I lgc o_1 u techn_1cnl school, )fr. ) kKcchan wn:.. 1 im·nluublc in the ~t1me~ e cctncnl 111cn 111 the west. H is exper ience wns of .the l'lect 11.• ca1 opcrnt·ions o f t I1e c-oal compnny, p11rtic-ulnrJyexinem,1ons t i , . Id" lion of electrical • ,J . tc •l< ibons to the 11owcr plant, an<l t he in:-;tnlln11inc 11ne1•y undergrot 1 ' I . 1~ I • • S • me • •' 1-. '[ 1, r \ et' tan now ltn .'s 111 ~ 1111 D1ego, California. men t llS lu Hti: pa~t the coal e0 111 1111 nnd tltl• cli·rical 'lb'l't f P Y has depended hcavih- on the inten•rit Y • 1 1 Y o t 1ose 1 • • • " ,• gt'IIC'l'lll offices. One of th 1 •. men ~- 10 wo1·k m the mine offic1• n11d t n• t came tu the Union p . e curlteS clue£ c1erks was i ir. l V. K . T,ce, who 11 <• 16c Pl"OJlcrtics • t <.'ngngcd • as· n youngp1un, and was firs p \ST \ND PRESENT 187 ,·oSllecting work at Ilaldwin, Colorndo. He nlso Sf>ent . .cl . 0 l F • com,1 ('l''lblc t" lJllY, \\'_yo1111ng. u~ u s1 c 'orcma11 and material cl ·kb f ." •_me nt A . , T .b 1 1889 ct c o1 e commg t Rock Spnngs on ,.... ovc111 er ' , as material clc ·k H ol1icf clerk to the Gl'llcral uperintmdcnt in 1890 and w~s a.p e _wtasd1Pnadc c ·ti I d t . ~, , pom e urchnsing Agcnt: w'. I tea quur crs_111 C 1eyenne, in September 1906 :\ ,_ •,g to H.ork Spnngs 111, l 1 urchns111g Agent ' · ' lo, II • d • ti in Hll 9, Ill' co11t 111ue 111. int cupncity un·til hi$ rctirc11w11t. 1-k d wcl 011 ) larch 20, • I [ 19:35, nl hi, honw in Hock prings. i" Amon~ ol her, who "orkccl nl \'nrious times in tll<' lllinc olti<-L'"' nnd ge11cn.l offices were: Col. C'. E. C'hri">tmus, Inter 1111 nttorneY nt K1•m111c rcr. \\'yoming; :\Ir. C. P. w·n~:.llllg, a natl\. of Xcw York, well known to all tlt1 Cl i111",C c111ployes, who rhnngL•d hi-. 11nm1 11 .. \\'ah Soong;" ~Ir. George lh •;, 1 k, wlin In tl'r li,·ed in N u1npn, w. K. LEE Idaho; ) Ir. " . H. ('onk later mint' ,·!erk for The Colon) l oal '11111pany :il Di1ws. \Vyoming: ) Ir. H a n e) Ua,·i~; :\I r. Cnrlcton Carter, now mine clerk at Rock Spring:-: :\[ i~~ H l'111\ E lia~. now 111nnicd nnd Jiving in Lnrnmie, Wyoming; .\[rs. )foud Emery:)[ r ..Tohn ll. H endricks, who wns chief clerk in Cheyenne, 11ml ,, ho 110" Ii, t•,.. in l ,11,11clena, California; Mrs. A. M. Ontsen, who ,.turtl'd in lhi: ~ton• nl Hdinncc ns bookkeeper and cnshier and i~ now employed a, '>l'1tior clerl in the Yice President's office; nnd Miss ~•~na flnircL dnu.,h te1· o f u Hod, Sprin,,.s miner, who obtained her first pos1tton in the Sto~l' D cpn dmL'II t nt Roel Springs nnd is now serving ns chic£ <·lerk to thl' G<.' ncrnl ) [nnngcr. l\Ir. F. P. Briscoe, now se~·ving 1~s Auditor of )liscdlancous .Ac-counts in the Gcnernl Offices of the r1ul rond 111 Omnhn, was Auditor for several yen rs. l\Ir. A. H. D onne served as Assistant T,·ensurer for mnny yenrs nnd wns retired in 193:3, when he moved to Massachusetts. H e cumc to the company in the early days s 1rn engineer and wns Inter cmplo!cd ns 11 Assistant Genernl Snles l\fonugcr , w1th supen'lsion over all commercial con! s_n~es. L ater still he was trnnsfel'l'ed to the pos1t~o11 of Assistnnt Trcusurct· in Cheyenne, m~vmg thence to R ock Springs. )Ir. ) ~. 1L. 'I rcut served the company for yen~·s ns Supc~·mtendcnt of Stores, until his retirement, his headquarters shifting from Omrihn to Cherenn_e, ,, findin,,. 11 pcmmncnt location m /\II(1 fi llll11 M • d l Hock Sp,:ings. )fr. 'l'rcnt d_1cd sud en y _on E. B. TREAT ' f I '>1 I0'>.1 ltnving retired from nct.1ve ., l\l'C l - ' · · · J s 'f C., ' wus Gencrnl Sa It!s Agen t sciqcc t ll'ce years earlier. l\fr. ,v. • 1' c nn<' . 111 p ·a �II - OFFI CI ALS, P AST AND Pnt:sf:NT 188 .. l9ll to Dcccmbcl', 1915, nnd from thnt tinie until AJl .. from J nnunn , • , f Cl. Ill' . I 111, 1'fr. J~lm Sterling, who c~mcp ro_,~ Cllcrio, m ots, 1_cld t he same 1917 Position. In Junc.1917, The Umon ~C l! C Okfl omdpn n_y relhrcd its R oek . d ction from the commcrc1u mar ·ct, to cvotc t 1csc resou rc, S .pt~ uof tlic rnilroad , nnd in April, .19:20, G t he Hanna co1tl was als~so topttlmgs 1e sen'1rc withdrawn for the :;11 me purpo:;e, nnd the office of J'Cncnd Sulcs Agent wn . abolished. . I m· . Tl l. . The fi rst mnn to hold the lug 1est o cc m 1e . mon Pncifi c Con 1 Company. that of President, wns ~fr. Chnrl~:; Franc1i; A~am~, who wns elcctl>d in September, 1890, by the boa rd of directors. wr~ 111g 111 thnt position for a 11111nbcr of yen rs. H e wns followed by )Ir. S . I I. H. C ln rk, ;\Ir. H orncc G. Burt, :\Ir. Julius K ruttschnitt, :\Ir. A. 1.. ::\Iohk•r, :\f r. E. E. C'nlriu, i\Ir. J. D. Farrell, l\Ir. C. R. Grny, M r. Edward S irlni•v Brooks, nnd the present incumbent, :\Ir. Eugene '.\kAuliffc . .\I.-. Cnh•i~ wns nn outstnuding official, having been cmplo.wcl in thl• ('arly dnys as n clerk at Grnss Creek and as a tclegrnph operntor nt C'arhun, W_,•oming, i\Ir. Cnh-in wns already fnmiliar with the mining opc1·11 tion, of I he Con I Company before the beginning of the series of promo I ion,- t hn t nch ·,rnrcd him to the Prei;idcnt's pince for two terms. tcp by s t l'p. he prC10-re ·scd. his nu-ious po~itions of responsibility requiring It frequen t ~·hang~ of address. From P oc-ntello to Snit L ake City, to San Franci:-co a nd to Omnhn. he repeatedly rnm·cd ncrnss the country in the sc n ·ice of the cc:mp 1my, He died in T.,os .Angeles, on )Inrch 17, 1938. • ~rr. Edward Sidney Brooks. another rcmnrkabll· P rl',-idl•n t. "as born on Wnshington's bil'thdn,v, 1858, nt F ort Smith, Arknn:-n~, tlac ,-0 11 of Colonel Edwnrd Jn!ncs,Brooh,_of thl' enitcd Stutc:. Army. Ifo, first job was thnt of locomotn·c fireman with Ute D rn,·cr nnd South Park R nilrond. From 1880 to 188.J, he opcrntcd for this road ns 11 prospcdor for anthracite con! in Gunnison Count_Y, Col~rn~o. Again he changed his occupation, tins tune finding emplo,•ment under the tr~ion ~ acific Railroad Co~! Department nt 1b; mtncs nt Eric nnd Louisville Colo1:ndo, nnd then in rapid successio~ working as a mine clerk itt Baldwin, Colol'lldo, ns n snlcsman of Hock Springs nnd Carbon . ~onl from the i\fissouri RiYcr tC1 the ~ nc1fic coast, ns a relief mine clerk ns '.1 ::H111r S11perinh-nclr11t, as n tninc inspector, ,111cl_ ni. n roal prospect inspector. Aft . J)c1·1()(l spent wo1·king fo1· ti Ct n :\I nno tcr compnnv r. B rooh returnl'd to The t· . p: ' r1fir (' I (' lllon .1011 onipnny to rngaire in tl C' d111st• of coal 11111~1 · . l ti-, l purA cnt un s •In< 0 nd as Fuel l _g_ J> ~ . Gl'llerul Storekcl'pcr of the n1011 ac1fic, Denver & Gulf R ·1 d n1 ron , n E. E. CALVTN A. 189 J-llsroin' OF UNION PACIFIC Co,,L MtNES l(l .Jc Superintendent nt Hanna in November, 1894, n k h I H c• wu nt·l n line. for n •ycnr's leave he too·. w en 1c tee ·\'S ·neeI llll I 1907 • , except • . ~- re he rcnint _. the Klondike gold rush. His yenr's excurs1011 to the 1 11 ~ 0\ to Alusku cl ut ing pl•tccd in charge of the iicxican nnthrncitc holdings \\l' cl d 1ll' Wll , • I. I .. I c • 11 ·1: ·ompnny at B urmncns, from w 11c 1 position 1e {111• north enthcrn nc111c <: • . • d t 'l'ltc 1'nion Pal·1fi c Coal Of the Sou t rncd O J uly 10, 1911, wns mad c • 11 gnin re u " a ti OIi , • t Con1pnn.,,s -'111 tcndcn l o f t he mine ll . I upc1 t· . ., . 11 10 11 <J t)C'l'II tt·d ns it 111011 1 aGc11c1 8 ns111 " ' 11 t I.HS 'fono, ·c1· .t: Ile• t·onl inul'd to hoc ·n ·ubst till\. 1 <)·>() 11 lll'n hewn:- r I cc t cd l't t' s ~ t'! Apr• 11 • • - • post un l ·c1 t ·ind G 1•111 ntl ~Jnnngcr of •• Prc>-t en • L \ t('e C : P 1u·iffr Coid Company. css The n •:.1::.. ]11l1•r. on ,lanua ry 5, 1921, l~c thnn • •le , rc-.t< • 1l n 1. I 1, was• to hold this 1 1 wns 111. < • ffi onlY 1111111 \ I 1\1.t·I i 1 • 192'3 ' whrn. •he o re • J I I :\f1- Fugcne )IcAultflc, uccccnl'f 1 \ • • • • 1 11·,1s " • 1r 'ou ri \I I' B rook:- rcmtllllC(l of St. L ouis. • ,,..., . • • · t · of Vice :11 the eo111pa11~ in llt1.: l'11pnc1 ) ;:.e:idcnt until hi, clt•alh tin :\ l n r th 17, 192.Ji. ,v , • l " t 11 ff 0 f The Union The 1,rcwnl ofli(·111 .· ,t ,. o f ·Eugcnc , ·n ii ('01111,an" r m1,1s 1 llC-1 C < 1 G• 0 · C B • ~l<-r\uliffc, Prc:.i~lc11l. On inhn _: f : _11-i. A: EDWARDS. BROOKS Pr,·dc Yiec l-,1·c,1den t or 0 pet ll IO ' G • ' •I 1 , , 13 rq •lcss en\ . t t ' • • • H C. Livingston, . ssts 11 ~ Tolnncl \"ice P re:.tl l' III : • ·' • 1. • ' C v • n Cl11cf EnginceJ ' • • • D 'r F ddts crnl :Mnnngl'r ; • i;,. ' ' an ' G . I Chief Elcctnc1nn; · · u_ .' Chief E1wi11cer: G. I.. St_c,·cnson, I ; n_ellt nS fcty Engineer; 1Ianucl Gnllos, " 'I • A gen t ·• Frank Gcncrnl :'\fn~tcr •' N' I111111c'• H • R • \IllH , nt . Purchnsmrr . , • .• F A un c1, o F t Ass1st-f r\ssistnnt Safety I •,ng111cc1 , • II.. . Auditor· J ohn D. •os er, Tn nm e, . . . E ' R . J cfferis, Mnnttgcr o nnt Treasu1c1 'n. 1· General l\Iannger, · K E ar tng, d Stores, • • . -Ctilitics Comptuiy nn Southern ,~ryon;tng. Compnny; Morgnn F . Union P nctlic ,~ _nte1 cnt R ock Springs nd ' Cl ·er Clerk R ober ts ' Supcnntc J cs R Dcwnr, 11 P ower Pinnt; ~ro . • d E. T. n ,.ldridgc, to the vice president' ~n . • f Clerk to the uud1tot. Cl\IC . 'ff the present Prc:;1Eugcnc i\Ic_Aultp e,. fie Coal Com pan J' h r nion act l dent o f T c k bl buckrrround for t 1c has hnd n rcmnr n e t· goclutics nttnchcd f ti c cxnc 111 • performnn~c.o t o;·n nt l\foidstont! B,nrto his po,;ihon. ~ t1 the son of n British racks, }Cent, E11g ffinn ' ·I o served through • • 0 CCI' \I l . Armv Engmce1. . 1857 and later tn the indian muttny tn , H. A. TOLAND c·, �I HlsToRY OF UNION P ,c1F1c Co ,1. l\liNEs 192 0FFICI \LS, P AST Mm PRESENT Many honors hnvc come to :\fr. 1'\lcAuliffe in mining c·. ·I • • d t I1c "Sen t 111c ' Ii> o f Safety" ~ II C Ci, F times his mines hove reccn·c stntuett, • our for the most outs tnnding snfcty wo1·k shown i11 al.I bitu111inous ~o~rn1·_dcd of the 1:nitcd States. H e hns sen ·t•d 011 an ad\'1:-.ory comm·i tt , mines • es, nn<I 111 • pn:..t yl'ars lie • "ave ,. Icc bl to tile Fnitcd States Burcu.u of :;\[m • S C' I "' • • • n u un · sistnncc to the Fmted tntes oa ""on11111:.s1011, 1n collnbornt 1•0 . e ns• . ll Wtt 1I ti Chnirmnn, :\Jr. J ohn H nys Hammond, the not ed 111111i,11r enrrinc . tc • n mcmbc1· o r 'I~Ill' ; \ nicncan • '.,I'tnrn . " Cnn,rrc:-,<; h h CJ' l now deceased. H e 1s • • • ancI 'I • ) },' nrrrnl•t• b • • • , nni Amcncnn Inl,htutc o f 'I' ., mmg ., c t ,, II urgr<·a i·s"' i,i . • the •• 'd cl I:) ' I 111('1l 1le hns scn·cd us \ 1cc Pn•·1 cnt an 11·cdo1·, 1111d Ire lta-, nlso l,Cr . I • • f •t . . • , Ct on many importnnt co111n11ttccs o I ic:.e organiznl,nn-,, I n acknowled : mnrn- contl'i·1mt1on.~ • t o ti 1c con I 111 • du:..try. t Ill' l . 111n•1·,it" . of Ins of 'I•· g111ent . . • . • . ·' l->SOUrt through iti:. School of ~l111cs nncl ~[etallul'g_r, rnnfl rn:<l upon him th d ~ gl'ee (honoris cnu:-a) of Doctor of Engincc:t·ing, on )Ia_v :28, 1 92r. c c n· , A c~ntiuuou~ contl'ibutor ~o. Th~ rnion l '11l·ific l'oal Company's Emplo_rcs :;\fag11z111c, :\lr. :;\IcAuhffc wntes the ll'ad,n!{ arlicle each montl 1 and abo contributes p ertinent editorial, umlt-r ti~· hcadin" of " Run 0 the )line." One of his most pretentious works wa:- a -.l•rie-. of:1rticlcs which rnn in the mngnzinc o,·cr a period of :-ix month .;;. ~•nl itled '·From 1\'hcncc C'amc the Peoples of England, Irclnncl, St'Otland and \\. nh .... :• H e hns nlso written "The Romance and Tragedy of Coal," 1111d 11 h-drnicnl book of -1-60 pngcs, "Railway 1''uel." D cpartincr ·omcwhat fi-um hi ~ ti. uni routine this con!. mining cxc~utivc pu~ togeth:r and vubJi,,Jil·d . ,1 i th II pprnprint~ cxplunntions, the snhcut portions of the F our Go:-pd,... :\l atthcw, ~fork, T.ukc nud John, under the title "iVhy :\[en Ilclic"c in God.'' 11r. :\Ic.Auliffc hns always 1·cccin.'cl th~ loyal s upp.ort of till' t·oa l t·ompnny',, full stnff, ns _wdl us the coopcrntton of the miners. They a clmirt hi s abi lity to make quick and lll'C'Urnte decis ions. his SYntpnthl'tic: u11dl'r-.ta11dinrr of thcil' probll'll1s, un<l hi:, willingness to lis ten· to t1 ('\\" icll•ns. On ull of th~ actil'itiC's of The l'nion Pacific Coal Com1,,11n:.'· his hnnd h!1~ n~n<lc 1111 indelible impression. :\Ir. - - -=;~lcAultlic 1s also Pl'csidcnt of tlw \,as h1 tngton rniou Co11l Co111panv, the Southern \~\?1.11ing l 'tilit ics Compllny, nnd the Union l 11C'1fic ntcr Compnny. r ,v 'l 'Iic ,,.ire President of the Coal Com1 1~.•ny, .~Ir. George B. Pryde, was born in 1'. 1fcsh,~·c, Scotland, c0111ing to the l;nitcd ShtC's m 18!)!1 I J f • • • <>, w iere 1c ound cmplovmcnt Ill southern Colorndo with the Coiorado F~d & Ii-on Company in its Newcastle ~lln~s. That same )'Car he mo,·ed to R ock prmgs to work for The Pn· p 'fi Con! Cornpiun· . . . • 1011 aci c ::\I' . ~ as a mmcr m ~o. Se,·cn Gi;onc~: 13L,\CKER • m~, now ulnndoncd Aft .spent in a vai·ict • er se,·erul years . to the Y of underground work, he was ad,·anced JU 190Z 193 .. n of ~ight Forc.-m1rn in ~o. Ten :\[inc, nnd a year Inter found P?51h~ A sistnnt 1"orcmnn nncl later Foreman in No. Eight i !inc. Ily hunse \ . 11inc uperintcnde11t nt Rock Springs, succeeding :\Iorgnn 10~~ \1c '~ 1 sw.hich cu.pacity he nlso supervised the early mining '.lnd con• 15 Gr• t . ' JI pcrntions at H elin nee. In September, 1912, he was mude As:.~ructt~ ~1•ml Su pcrintcndent of The lJnion P acific Coal Company, with s15tdnn ·cti 1.~ in Cht•ve 11 nc, nnd followed this ndvnnce by becoming Gen· Iiti•1 S quu1 .•c itt-mlcnt of • the Superior Con) Compnny an d Thc n'-mon • p ac1'ti c 11 crnl Cupe• . LTj ,. ·ii)J>ointment ns Vice President nnd General :;\fonnger ('0 n1 ompn 111 • .r1. • • • • • ,- 19-> I • • b at which time he wns given c h nrgc o f da IIv·t I1c I0 ok p Ill'<' Ill ·'[ ' l1 • • - , t' <lf I lw •l't•lll ]llln v and, on January 1, 1938, he -wns ma e 1cc o1)ern·c1 ions . • position . . . de a lso sclV . cs t 0 , .. ntl i,1n wl11ch he now I10Ids. 1,"'-1 r. p 1y Prcs1• enp • •1t... t r 'tlic \Ya:-hmgton • T • C I C th S thcrn c, ou 1'('~11 en u ,• . l:mon . on ompnny, . 1is \'ice ·, • l 'lt'l ' tic·, Com1nrnv und Umon Pacific ·watc1 Compan), n yommg 1 • • )I[ . P n de ti,,., ,.ccn the operations of this company grow fr<.1111 ~0~11· .1. ,' ·1" , m·tll 111 inc-. to the widc-sprcnd operations of todny. An 111 c1f111t1:atil,>lc,,. ~ 01·k:,, .. he l'XJ)Ccts like industry from his associates, and us~tallly n 1gn ... " • course of his • d ubcs • • l ic Iins come I•n contact w1 1 nf t" ·1• In the . 11111nngc;, l o gc i • • t •ning circles as well ns with most o Ill wcs crn llll . . 1·' . ns i't is with :\Ir. g reat numlwr of men •, . an,• His s pecia concc1 n, • . . the person nel of I11s O\\ n _comp ·'. . I . cs and much of Im t1111c ::\kAulifl'c. j-. the pro111ol10n o~ :..afclty m t tc m'.~ s'afcl" progrnm He is • I , I , iog t 1c compan, s J . hns bt•cn empIovc.-cI III c c,c O1 . f .,, . • • and 1'·' ctallurgicul Eng1• • I ·t tnte o iv1mmg lVJ. • • n member of the A1!1cr1C'nn . .11~ • C rcss and of scvernl other soc1ettc.s. nccrs of The Amencn11 )J1111ng ong '·a t f tl1c Rockv• *(ountn1n , He wns prcs1 en o I . Coal )lining ins titute for one. ycnr, 1.1:~s it~ frequently con~r!butc~ tcc~n~1:~f~f which the different m1mng o1gn111zn he is n member. vcr the record of Ml'. Pr~dc To l?nss o . f his offici1.1l connection with ll bncf recital o Id be doina the any wou ~ 1 P with the con c~n1 ,,oun ci· members of the and t ~ •. t·g For more than Property t ff .. . 111 3us ice. oftic1n1 s n °11 · . d hns given his cm· forty years :Mr. }!1Y c bordinatc of• • w I11·1e sci . ·,•111" ns a su f lovers r, . •v clement o P • . 1 officer e, ct ficinl nnd gcnei n blc ~f a line of he was cupn ' }• energy ti in t not foil to bring um conduct thnt could t through the years. continuing advuncemcn e who hnd known A few months ag~ on Jy and intimately continuous . G-rcorge Pr•de ·' 'd f him: y years sn1 GEORCE B. PRYDE for man. • icing with the old . • the west, ronm1c1 mo1w "The 111ining industry Ill d capable clrnrnctc.rs, n ·k ':' ' strong an D p . ,de n1111e wo1 et, <lo. vs, dcvclopc d man ) . d' 'd11al George . •) ' t d' g , 1n 1v1 111 which is one outs an ° �HisToRY OF UNION PACIFIC CoA1, MtNES 194 mine opcrnting official, and mining executive in t urn. lHan" 111 , . J en nt. . d . 1 . b t f b.1 t tiun m ustrta pro1mnence, tr cw are u c o so f u ll.)' sat • • 1 · ·t·1cs w1"tl1 t 11e • • that lit ate • wI10l cso111e :;ense o f ,Justice t· t c· · d a1·1J achv1 I1 11 vntcs our friend. Sympathetic with the many problems thatrno ~• 1\· • " SU! . wor kmen an d t I1cn· . f am1•1ics, roum1 111s 1 .1 r. Pry d e has never t •. 1 'ffi I 1· • t • • <l ll1 nee 1 awny f rom a d 1 cu t <'OllC 1tion, ry1ng mstca to compose eve • , · · F ti • 1· 'd I J 1 .) unI111,ppy ~1~uat1on. 'rom. 1c me 1v1 Utt 1c. 1as never sought mor th11n a fmr mcastnc of industry, personal mtcn-rity count ii ,. .c 0 · t Iutn n11nc · ~os t.s. I n Ill~ • re Jat~ons • • his • iges.moi w1"ti1 I1111_1 with cmploy hec out 1s CllJJ11-blc of wc 1o ,,.f11•11" • 0• ca • c 1•1 . of. Ins long cxpcncncc as a . worker, . s1tuaho11 that comes up, crnug, 1f he CITS, on the sid , O t· ti workcr.n c 10 . If Gcurgc B. Pryde confined his activities t o the nffai rs o f the • • ll fl' IlOllJ'S <.:Ompamcs he serves, he would have 1m ea sier task and 1110 1•C 1C!S 1 . 1 1e con rary, 1e uts for many )'Cars led in all sec l· • d 1 ·· . . • l1 ,ll a n l"C I O' •)Ol •• o tl ·t t . . I. I <·0111mm11 y activ1bcs. An active church member, a Thirtv- t hird " is Frcc-J\foso11, nn a relent supporter of the Bov und G' •1 S • t D eg ree d ·1 . . . J 11 con mo vement I .. 1 l 11s 1c p nn counc1 1s 111 continuous demand. vVhcn the An , •• • •• • ' l le~ 1c1u11znbon movement was inaugurated to hasten forcirrn-bor Pryde worked quietlvbbtit n e l mp o_. Y es inltro to Amcrican citizenship, l\Ir. · . no css sin cere: nnce men w110, 1ike himsdf, were born ab~·oad that A , • • •• • con1rns both a g1·cat honoT and a deep obli:nti n P ·l • ,_n en ~nn ell i;,,cnship men \l'ho became u fainer part of th j ~ • c1 rnp~ be~ ontl a ny other tifonT . lstnUges? t.lu'ps ki?dt/ conscicntiocn~o1:nii1 ,~fi~\!tc dl~~1::! :t~l \;: ~slf?rt·m~o ie mou ar1fic Coal Company. ,,., c 11s Ol}' Mr. I. N. Bayless WU$ born in tlw S~uthern TI!inois con! nren~ entc:1·i110- the nnnes ns a lad of sixteen · · F or tl1eb next f our years he spent most of 1llS • WI\k' ·mo. t une underground • ti1c two venra· • • but 111 fboII owing IllS • work to study • " · dhe •dro1>1>cd . usmess a numstrntion and to ndd t I : . o 11:> geneml education H e l. course j · · • . a so took a home n mmrng ,nth the I t t. C'ol'l'espondence School· . n ernn ronnl srlrnnia d :; of SC'l'nnton, P enn:, . ' 1111 !l se('OlJd •. ) f. UlllYN·sitv of Illinois COUI i;_e 10m t he the ruines· ;\{,, B • • l:pon his return to . ' • •• ll v1CliS rap' di • cl l11s two Year . 0 f. b J } mn e up for ~ it scnce , d • · ' a ,·iu1emg from Iioss dri,·er to 11' F l 1iue Superint~ncf1c t ~-c1nun nnd thence to of the l"nion C't11lf11 • / the Kuthh.-c-n :\line lllinois, he sc1·,·<•tl c?·. '.llll1pany' at Dowell, Po. c, Ot l' J(1 it veal" " f' 1ema11, dt111e1·i11t l ,, • s as ~, ine e 1. t <l t' llt cut ·ind G l S ;n en cnt' followin ti: . . cncra ""upI. N. BAYLESS " est Virgini l{ g U1, with work in a, entucky' 1111cl otter 1 southern Illinois mines. During the T Orr.·1c1ALS, PAST AND P RESENT 195 World War h e joinc<l the 309tl1 Enginc~1·s~ stationed at Camp Taylor I,ouisville, K cnt u c"ky . F!·om southe~·~ Illmo1s he moved to Castle Gate: Utiih, as G~n_cral S1wenntcndent of ,rhe _Dtal_1 Fuel Company, with genernl superv1s1on over that ~ompa11y s mmes in Utah and Colorado. On October 15, 1929, h e had h is first contact with The Union Pacific Coal ('onipnny when he wns brought to Rock Springs as Assistant Geneml ;i.fonngcr , um! on ,Ta nuury 1 , 1938, he was advanced to his p1·csent po~ition, thnt of Gcn cnd Mannge1·. A cnpRblc cx:C'cu t ivc with a talent for organization, Mr. Bavless is responsible fo r 11111ch of the success in mining and safety wwk of the Coal Compr1ny. 'l'lw snme energy and resolution that he brought to bear when he guH! n p II stcu<l)' job in the Illinois coal fields for that nebulous und uncertai n qua lil y cnllcd un education, has served him in good stead in his worl with lli~ U nion Pacific. Since that time he has served us Presiden t o f t he R ock~' Mountain Coal Mining Institute, and is a member of the .\ mcTican Instit ute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and of ot.hc-r nt\tiono I mining societies, to which he frequently contributes papers. Mr. C. E . S wa nn was born at Guilderland, New York, on December 31, 1873, nn d wns gruduntcd from high school at Scholarie, New York. In 1898, on comp leting n Ci\'il Enginccrincr conr:-c a t the Colorado Agricu.ltlll'nl C<~lcgc, he was vmploycd in the engineering depart ment of The Woody Mining and Mi11ing Company ;i.t Jan1cstown, Colorndo. H e joined the cngineel'ing staff of The l:nion Pacific Coal Company six: months Inter, remaining until May, 1901, when }1e became General Superi11tendc11t of 'Ihc Pikes P eak Fuel Comp1rny at Colorn.do Springi., Colorado. I n 1915 he returned to The Union Pa.cine Coa1 Company as mining engineer and Assistant Mioe Foreman nt the Rc1iunce Mines, and t.he following yenr he was made Assistant C~ief ~ngineer in the coal company's Engmeermg Dcpn:rtment. Since 1920 he has served ns Chief Engineer. C. E. SWANN Ml·. H1irr)' C. Livingston was born May 18, 1900, in Denver, Co1oro.do, where. • • • f. he attended the Denver public grade and high schools. Giaduo.ttng ~om0 the Colorado School of Mines in 1922, he wus employed b~ t~ic Coj°~ uf State Highway 'D epart.ment o.nd the Moffo.t o lo · P Tunnel •fie CoalCorom1ss1on Company emp oycodU T] • t d ru<lo for several years before 1e mon /let him in 1927 as drnftsr:ian and gcnero.l engineer. In 1937 h~ Wtls ~~pom e · t t Cl· f E · tl, e posi"tion he now holds. l\ir . Livingston, 11e ◄ ngmeer, A ss1s an �On1c1 ,Ls. P,sT AND PnEsr.NT Hisronv or UNrON P ,c1r1c Co , 1• i\I 1 INES 196 while ncting. ns consulting engineer for the )In,· O f " ., ,,or• • Ro ck• S prings tr1'but. cd I1ci1v11~·1 y to k Sthe. work of locutinrr o and d cs10-111ncr th , co crossings n t , oc · pnngs. t:> o e new h••g1way I n- , . . . o . ne of the Company s most d1strnguishcd Old T" • • infcrro, Jr., who entered the service of th , I-, -1 mici·s •s ~fr. T S 'r . · · 1883 · · · c ~u• road C • • nl mI,•1u1ous CllJJncitics p l.c,·1ous • IRncr . .m I .'scr\'lng I . to hiompany I •• at G reen• uu, smcc w 11c I tune he 1ns served as uttornc . f 1 !> ac lllH,i.ion t h nnd its subsidiaries, the Coal, \\'ntcr nnd Elc~·trt t IC lluilt·ond Com c fcno not only rnnks as one of the for•' lllt>st I <' Corn panics. ~ Ir •rp l~y · · " • mcm >Cr !> of ti , • n •n· dd'f m n l ion, mnmtnms extensi,·e int ere ·t 111 • ti I ~c 11 cs tern l>1w b nnd merchnndising. :s ;. ic :s ll!l' P 1ndu,tt·y ' • ut . , bunknig \t 197 •ned to Superior a s ~liuc Superintendent in charge of the Superior wn s rctui ·t' t\ position · • w I11c • II Iic s t'I 11 occupies. • I le hns a total service with pr0 PUei ~eo5n' pncifk Coal Company of nearly 35 years. 'fhe 'fhc nt Cumucrlaml mines . • • represented u ~-cry d ifficult opcro.tion on acf the hen"." sancl- ro<'k roof, nnd 11 fircclny bottom, which rcsultrd rollll t O . troub!l',-ollll' pro bl ems •Ill opcrnlton, • but ~Ir. Brown with his ,. Ill Ill111 l .d • l l. 1) unng • I11s • 1ncum • bency us Superintendent ' nn cx.cdll•nt .10 at dl 111Cll, Superior, he l.11l,. bl'l'tl •1n t· I1a rgc of tt.hc deT,·c•1.opment• o_f the new D. O. Clark , •1e which 1s no11 uuc11•r (HOl111c 10n. 111s OJ)ernbon, when fully <level11 ' will be an ouhtan, 1·111g one, t 11c deve Iopmcnt of which hns required .,1,cd, :lose :supcn •ision 1,.,. jl r Brown nnd his staff. )Ir. Brown h•1 , ,h,11111 cx.ccllcnt Snfcty records in the properties under t,i,. :iupcn 1,1011. ti, Superior mines having won the " Sentinels of St1fctv" troph.r fo r c1H1,.pH·uo11s Safety work four times. It was won by "Il" ~line in l!);~:3, ll\ ··('"' ) l ine in 193~, by "D " i\Iinc in 1931, a nd ngnin by "B" )l111c in l!J:~8. ) Ir. B rown·, hohbi1, arc mu,.ic· and athletics. H e organized the Cumbcrltrnd bnncl, "ltidi wa, Olll ' of the outstnnding bands in the ,,,est until the closin~ of llw ( 'unilH'rland <li:strict in 1930. At thnt time many of the ('mubcrlund force,- wen: trnnsfcned to Superior, and i t wns nnturnl thnt they should join thl' 8upcrior bnncl. At the bnsketbnll contests in Southern Wyoming, ) l r. Drown t·nn nlwnys be found well 11p in fro nt, cheering on the Superior h•am. Ile is nmrricd nnd has two children. The eldest. George A., Jr., i:. a ,.tudl!nt al Kemper .:\Iilitury School, and the younger, Gerald Frnnci~, live:- with his parents nt Superior, attending the local schools. HAIIRY C. LL\' INCSTON . G_eorgc Albert Br . . GEORGE A. l3RO\VN mmcs m the Sk ·I O\\ n "ns bom ) fo • 13 • business mnnag~~n;;sdnle district of Lun~ashir!8~0 ,"m the ;.]~udow of the young Gco1·rrc sh one of the Lnnt·ushirc • ' nbl~nd. His father wn:mine:; of thtSk i°uld follow this occu t" mines, and it wus nnturnl thnt yeu1-.~ of uge . e mersdalc nnd " 'igun dp~·t1~n. H e started to work in t ]1c , soon wot·ki·ng up to the p is.•t·nets of L nncus I11•rc n t four teen oss. b He £ II OSI 1011 of l'O pc sp)'H·er and baulnge 0 owed thi . nnhw country to 8 occupntiou in E n I • ~~ of thut.yc~r. s:~~•e to ~n!ericn, nrili;n~/it l 1905, whc? he .left his . inc as miner nnd t aftc1 Ins urrivnl } g unnn, , vyommg, m AugHe wus then t _rnckln}·cr, und us 'sl~~;";~ c~1ployed in Hnn nn No. One August 1913 tnnsfoned t 0 S . l et and fire boss. wus next ' tra1iaf , and to "E" Mme . nsllper1or "C" 1l\I'me ns 11Iinc Foreman in G 1F tN ., er rec1 t Cumberland enern J orcmn.n in M arch, 1917. H e 11 • o. Two :\line]~ 1 • 1918 , as ~Imc • Foremnn chnrm l)eccmber , l 9lanunrv i\ J Sttpcr·111t endent in' unt ge of the Cumb 8 • Ir. B rown wns appointed Mine er1a nd properties. In J uly, 1926, he Otto Guy Shaner, u descendant of Bnvarinn i11rn;igrn11ts who cumc to America in l ii5, was uonl Octuuer 5, 1885, in the origi1rnl log house formerly \ISCd ns n combinntion fort and trading post nt P utncy,·illc, Armstrong County, Pcn nsyl"anin, nnd, like urnny young 111c11, he took Horace Grcclcy':i a<l\'icc nnd cumc west. H is father wus engaged in mining, being Gcncrn.l Foreman of 11 number of smnll mines in the P ittsburgh district, nnd Otto received his cduc1llion in the several smnll schools in the mining villnges in Pcnns_vlvnnin where his parents resided from time to_ time. At nu early ngc he entered ~he nunes, nnd was employed in genPral m111c wo1·k, nnd in summer ,mentions while attending school he also found employment in the mines. After grn.d unting from. .high O. G. SHARRER school, he spent some time in n m1litnry • • ncndemJ• and next a ttended Ohio Northern Um'\"erSity • �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES ]98 OFFICIALS. p \ST \NO PRESENT v· ... TU"tl his college dnvs bd1ind him, in H)O5 hl' Wt•nt to \\'est 111 I • I . . . . . . . 11gin111 ·I ·c he wns e1111>lovcd b_r a cun n11nmg to11111.111_, in the enJr1ncc1·· d ' " ict • • I I 1· ' ~ ing e pnrtment, nnd recci,:ing the, prmcc .Y s u ,u·_.r o ~-!-5 ]Wt· month, he did not nmass much of tlrn; worlds goods, but gained 111ucl1 vuh1a?le cxpe ricnc and likewise suffered some hard knocks. Subsequent work Ill u rnil. -~ • .111 conc-..cte t·ni·I.lonu • vn Iua blc cxpcnence d ronstrnction ramJ> ga,·c I11111 . . k . , 10a ynrds Jocntion,_ l'tr. The~ cume eng1neenng 11·or • wit\ Litt~ D e ring Cou) Compnnv at Clinton, I ndtnnn, undet· the lab.• ,John A. (-y111·,·1a, 11 hic h > • • ncc. unti·1 111 • ] ;.,( n)8. , a ,J• ob ,., As:-i,.,tnnt I ro. ,·idcd rnlunble un<lcrgroun d . cxpene 11 Chief Engineer with th~ Ind1una ot~tltcrn C'oul Co111pany pn.>,entcd iti,el r. On thr druth of lus fnthcr !nte 111 190~, :\fr. Sl111n·l• r clt•<·iclt•cl to come West. Thcrcnftcr he found ,·11r1ous tus ks 111 the Hod., \ l ou11L 11 i 11 :.tnte~ culminuting in u position us engineer with The l"nio11 l':tl•ifi\ Cnnl Coni~ pan_r under Frank A. Manley, ut Rock Sp1·i11g;;. Aftu · .1 ft•11 inonths, he wns tran:;fcl't'ccl to Hunnu ns R esident Engineer. and 111 , \ ut:u,t, 191 l , he was mntll• :\fine Foreman of Hannn No. -l- ::\l ine. F rom :\1 ,rdt, 19]3 to Dccc111bcr, 19U, he wns :\line Foreman of Superior •·t ·• :\f utt•. H e wu; o_ut of the C'onl ~0111pn~1_r's service_from _1 9H _to Ju~y, l H~ ~. du ..ing which tune hc worked 111 ,·n1·1ous " ' yomrng mmcs, mcludmg I ht C'nmbl'in Fuel Com~n~.r- I~n J~l_r. 1924-, he rettn_-ned to The l "nion Pacific· Con) Compnny ns ~lmmg Eng1111:c1· nt Rock Spnngs, nnci wns trnns foncd to :11pcriol' ,. 11 Ass1stunt_ Supcri_n tcndcnt _in Septt•111be1·, UJ:2(). I n S cptc111bcr, i 929, he wn? nppo1!1~c<l :\l111e Supcrmtcndcnt in charge of the properties at Rnnnn, winch pos1lton he holds nt the prl'sent time. With n 35-foot couJ scam, a heu,·y pitch, an<l frl'qul'nt mine tires cnuscd by spont11ncous combustion, n:. well a s the pt·t·sent·t• of 111dhunc gns. the opcrationi, at II,unia ,u·c difficult, but, with the l'Xpt•ricnce gailll•<i in various parts of the countl'y, .i \lr. Sharrer has bct•n most successful in tltc OJWl'11tiu11 of the Hunna properties. :\fr. hanl•r is 111111..-icd and has one son, J nck, who is u student at the :\I id!ign_n School of Mi,ws. H e gi,·es much of l11s tune to communih· work, is Mnyor of Hnnna, a member of the Huunn School Dour<l, and of the Hospitul Commi:,sion. Frank Yy,·ian Hicks was born Novembl'r 22, 1889, in Edwurdsburah, Cn!,S Count)•, :\I iehigun. He gruduatel from the Edwnrdsburgh H igh School, and later attended the Fenis I nstitute at Big Rapids, l\lichgan, and the Michiaun College of ~lines nnd 'l'e~hnology, at H;ughton, .l \Iichigan, from wlueh institution he received the deg1·ees of Ft1 ,~.._ \ '. H1cr..:s l3achclor of Science and En!!'inecr of Mines. Jmictict'CI hi.~ pn,fc:.sion of . ~ollowi!1g his graduation f~om college hr 1 nunmg engineer in Alaska; in the copper mmes - 199 I1 C duntd 1111d Ifrcln 1\1ining Company, Calumet, Michig11n; and the oft ~ •~-D t•nn :\ l ining Co111pnn_r, lli:.bce, Ari1.011u. :\li-. Hicks !>l'n ed with n~t ~,d Slates 1"ield Artille Shiit , , . ry in HHS, and next enguged in engineering the l . 111 ,1. • JlictTC County. \\ nsh111gton. \\'Ul" Ill :'ll r. Hick:-.' fir,.,t cmploy~uent with _l.nion Pacific interest~ wns as :\lin. , Eu,.,im·t•r with lhc Wns lungto n Union Coal Compuny at Tono, Wnsh· ~ugt t>f ·<>Ill St•t1lt•111hcr. 19H), to ,June, 1924. During the summet· of 192-l·, Ill"' on, ' 1\ . I . . . k "' . . . , ,to,·l'd In- the C'itv of ,Jnc kson, 1 lir. ugun, on eng1nccnng wor • ht· \Ill:< l ll 1 • • • • f I t t . t ti ,1 1•111 t lw in:.tnllntion o. u wntcr p nn, re urnmg oR tck • • COllllC(" t Ill 11 • . 111 , • ., Di•tindment of 'l'hc Union Pnc1fic Con! Company ut oc Enr:r1ncc n 11 ..., Sp~ng~. in Det• 1 tlie r. l 9:24. D uri iw tlu t•t•riod when this Company was inaug_u rnting its mcch_un• ''..., pru;.:1.itm, ...'Ii· , • Hicks scn ·cd as Supen •1sor of i\Icchnmcnl b 1"35 • d Ion< 1111 ic, -d. /' ll)•>() lu 19•>() F rom September, 1929, to Scptcm c1·, " . , 1 Oil Ill " - ,··olll • -· • I 5 · · "' lllld ~ 1•" t 11 nt uperintenclcnt nt t 1c. upenor mm"s, I ' • \I' l', i:,I'• on lllll.ll ll1CI ' \ ··" I f ti w· . , ,_c , t i I11l lt•1· dale hl\s been :\l ine upc rintcndcnt tn c 1u1·gHe? k i_c m• I II t . cord ;\fr 1c ·s 1s mur~incc JC lnn prnpc rt ic,-, "he n· he llll~ n:t.t~ ~:~ct~:cs ~f,rcrcc childr~n one dnughtc'.·• 111. . J ::,t Punis Jives in Glendnlc, Cnh• "·. • • • ' SI1e1ma . n , n. student fornrn; und two sons, nl St. John's :\Iilitary Schoo_l, Sa)ma, Kun·•11d :i\,'ark S,llS'", I• ~ ' who lives with l11s parents ut Winton. i ~ Vernon Otis Murray has hud u,n intere tina und varied career. He wns oorn nt ](ent~n Oklnhoma, September H, 1896, d ' t his boyhood there. When he wns un spcn . ·ents moved to twdve years of nge, 111s pn1 V . n , . "dn.d Colorado, where young c1 no 1 run , • h h J Upon l\ ttendcd the grade nnd l11g sc oo s. red his gracluut!on from_ high -~ch~~\~:r:n;;ent the enivcrs1ty of :i.\J1ssouu, ll . . . O' c-ho.lf years studyrng mmmi:, two_ and_ on D .· l1is high school years, cngmccrmg. u1 mg vacations while nt the d ·11 the summer . f ti nn ' . ' ·k d in the mmcs o 1c U nivcrs1ty, he ,1 01 e an , obtain\'. 0. MURRAY Colorado Fuel and_ I ron Co.mp ilis father . till . . . • the expenses of Ins cducatio~ing money to nss1st Ill def1 aymg . . Colorado where his mothet s hing busmcss m ' • l · was engaged III t 1e rnnc resides. • f the Colorado . ·t I entered the emp1oy o t After )ell.Ying the U111,·ers1 y_, -~c d Colorado mines, working thcl'~ u Fuel and Iron Compun}' in the 8Tn~1 uh~ entered the scr\·icc of the U111t~tll "'encrnl mining work until 191 'w ,lcdn nr 1. He enlisted in the Coast Arb aStates Government durmg • tiic " 'or "a • �Hisronv oF Ul'irON PACIFIC Co \L IINr.s OFFICIALS. PAST \ ND PRESENT • ncd nt Fort Worth and Gnh·cston, T exn:., until the )cl"' nud was st nt 10 • I • 'I' • ...J ..J c1osc ., ·i·t· I lie returned to Ills tome . in . 1·1111w\u to ngnin wo,·k f ol' 11 . f hosti 1 1cs w 1c 0 1 the Colorndo'F•ucI nnd I,·on Com1>1tnY, • <'Ollhnumg t H:rc until 19•), --r. ur )·cnrs were spent ns Firs t Aid ~l ine,· and Foi·cmnn i.\I ' 1 inTl1c nex t fo , . t • , ~. 1mes ca rs. cue 11111g .J! 1r:.t Aid nncl :\I' •t d Stntcs Burcnu of., er on t I1e U m c . f ,,r . • inc 'l.l Sn'rct \'work· to 1111·11n~ workers 1" the sbttc,, 0 , •yo1111ng, ( olor11do , ,-. c11· '1, I • • T •n. uml imrts of South Dukotn. 1' 01· the lll' Xl two year~ , 1 . cx1co, CX«S, • S f \ )' • • ·' I, :\hirrnv was employed by the :\l 111c ._it ct_r r pp 1a11Cl'S Conipany, with hcndqu.nrtcrs in Snit Lttkc City, Ptuli. On Fcbrunn 15, 1930, he entered the cmplo_v of 'l'hc l ' nion J>ncific Engineer, nnd was cmplo."cd in lhal position unCou I Compnn)' u; Safety • d . 'I . . til 1937, when he wns assigned to ubcs as., inc upcnnlt•nd◄ >n t in chingl' of the Rock Springs )_li_ncs No. ~ou1· nnd Xo. Eight, which pos1hon he s till holds. When :\lr. :\Iurrn v wns employed ns Snfety Engineer, he rendered outstandin_g pninstnking sen·icc, building up n splendid Snfcty record. He has been equally successful a s l\Iine Superintendent at Rock Spring:.. These mines co,·cr nn extensive arcn. nnd beruuse of n steep pitch nnd henvy co,·cr, they present problems which tax the ingenuity of the ::\Iine Supcri:1trndcnt and his s taff. )Ir. James Law came to the t.: nitcd States with his pnrcnts ut the ngc of four years from Long,-igg, Lunnrkshin•, Scotlnnd, where he wns born ~Iuy 1, 1889. ::\lr. Lnw has continued to reside in this country since thut time. At un cnrly ngc he stn rted mining with his father, working in se\'cral of the coal mining districts of Pennsyh-nnia. D ,\\'ID V. BELL Starting out on his own when 18 years of 117/ro served for ,years as nge, he was cnrploycd by the Pittsburgh & Supcri11te11clc11t of the Tr'ater Lnke ~r1c R n1lrond. l\Io,·iug to Hnrris- Companies. bur~, m southern Illinois, he worked fo1· the S~lme Co~ty Con) Company. In :May, 1915, he moved to Bicknell, Indiana, 1·cstdmg there until 1916 nnd wns employed by the Amcricnn Conl Compn~y. Subsequently he retumed to P cnnsvlvirni~ where he wns employed 111 ti tc 8 t ccI Illills, und m • 1917 returned ~ to H' a rrisburg Il1·mois, • .• wh1re 1)c resumed mining work as Night Foreman, A ssistant )line Foremnn, nnc ::\lme Fon•man, for the H arrisburg Coal Company. In Febl'ltnr~-, 1930, }\Ir. Law came to Superior " 7yoming, entc.-ring th C emp 1O\' or The .fi , . F .• . mon 11c1 c Coal Compuny. Ile served as :i\I inc •oi c ut Sbu~e1·1or "C", "D", an<l "E" i\Iines and nt No. 8 Mine, Rock Smpu1~ rings' emg t ran~f • • d f rom the latter position ' • · c '' enc to Rehnnce as "1' 1' 111 u. r 201 ~upcrintcndcnt of the Hclinn(•c pl'Opcrti('S on i\farch I , 1939, which pos1tion he now holds. ~fr. L nw hus always been active in First Aid a nd com- Guv L. STEVENSON 111t111ily work. H e i-: mnrried, nnd has two sons, Clifford, working in No. 7 ~l ine. lldiam·l·, and H ale, a student at the L'nivcr~ity of Wyoming. M ORGAS F. ROBERTS D ,\\'ID T. F ADDIS 1\lr. Guy L. Stevenson first entered the employ of The (i nion Pncific Coal Company at Rock Springs ns electrician anti power plnnt opemtor �202 HISTORY Of UNION p \CIFIC COAL MINES in June, 1903. A 1111t i,·e of William Allen ,vhilc's town, Emporin, K nnsa where he was born 011 ,Januu ry 5, 1882. iir. tc\'cm,011 served hill apJ • , s, · wit ·1I tI ticeship us elcctn·c1an 1c, ,,e:. tcrn 1'!.. 1cc t· nc •'' I a c 1· 1111c1·y CompanHcnT.os Angeles, Cu!i~ornin, l!cfo!·c coming to the 111iddle west. H<• lef/ t~! l•mploY . of The lmon P nc,fic Ill J a nuary, • 1911, but returned three ., •n,nrs On·1c 1A1.S. PAST ANn PRESENT 203 1, 1901, as an npprc•nticc machinist at Cumberland, n ' yoming, and was transferred to t he Oregon Short Linc Rnilrond !.hop s a t Pocatello, Idaho, for tl brief time, returning to Cumberland, and to Rock Springs in May, 1918. H e served ns forcmun of the boiler plunt nt R ock Springs until 1926, when he bcc11111c :\In~ter :\fcchnnic a t Superior, n ryoming. In July, 1938, he wn~ appointed Gcncrnl Ma~tcr ~Jcchnnic of The Union Pacific Conl Company , 11 it h hcudqundcrs a t Rock Sp1·ings. 1'fr. Faddis is married and ha, 11 lu111il., of fi"c g irls und one boy , the boy, Hany, being employed by !Ill' ( \ ,nl Cm11p11ny u t llclinncc. i\l r. R. H. Knill, born on August 6, 1900, in Lnfayettc, Colorndo, is n grnduntc o f the Colorndo School of ::\lines. His first job nftC'r he rccci,·cd his diploma wns that of chemist for the American Smelting nnd Hdi11i11g Co111pn ny n t Ou1nhn, 1 ebrnskn, nnd later that of draftsmun for T ht C'ulonulo F uel ~· Iron Company a t Pueblo, Colorndo. In September, lH:2-l, lw obl ainNI n p lace in the Engineering D epartment of The l'nion P ncifk Cont Compa ny at R ock Springs. Since thnt time he has held sC\'crnl po,ition, in l'onnt-d ion with 111cchnnicnl loading, ventilation und snfcty work On ) lit ) l. 193i , he wns a ppointed Safe ty Engineer for the compuny, " ith ht•nclqun rtcrs at H ock S p rings. The present enviable safety record o f the t·ompnn,r j.., in n ln rge mea,ure due to t he splendid work don<' by i\Ir. ·Knill, built ou 1\ foundntiun laid down by Messrs. A. W. Dickinson, ,J. A. mith. nml \\•ruon 0 . ~{unny. rt n. K:-;1LL ~I. J. Gt1ILLOS Inter, since which time he has been contimrnush' cmplowd hY t he coal ;o!n_p,rny, und 011 January l, 19:37, wa~ appoiu·tl•d (h·n~rnl t ' hicf Elcc1·1c·m11, the position he now oc·cupics. ull'. • 'f' • ,.lk:\lol'gnn F · Roberts wn:,• b 0 1•n 111 •' inel's 'I ,, 1'lls. Pl•1111._yh•n111n ncnr \\ , ·esbarre :\Iw 11 18<'3 H • l • • . .l . , , .' • '· . • . ., • . e atTt\'e< m Hock Spri1l":. when Ill'' ll~llsb >~t•~,fif,e JCtlls old, followmg !us fothe1·'s tll'ri\'ul a vear before. :\f r. ,o Cl :\I s uther, served • , •• • l • • •• . ) ciu:. n::; 101s bng en <rmeer n t ~ o. T en i\l" . . for · m1inv ,~e•. : tt'gan s _lil'st J~b was thut of breuking lump: for the box-car oa ~1 ' l tttls wbus u~ 190o when he wns but twcl\'e \'Clll'S of a<rc. Hcturning t o sc1100 1c oy m 1909 r ,t . d t ti • • e trnnsfe1·1•nd to ti b ·1 • C Ul ne O IC sen·1ce of the COlll!Hlll\' nnd wo.s • ~ 1c 01 er room t R k s . • • • later h e wus 11dvnnce<l to tl ·'t' a f oc prnigs 111 1912 • .•A y cnr po~i 1011 0 _operator, and in 1920 was nppointctl Chief Operntor H power plunt sin~c {<)~~s d cc_? contJ_nuo~slJ in ser\'icc at the Rock Springs of the J>lnnt I . .• -, f Ut mg wluch hmc the electric g eucrntor capacity Ill s g1own rom 1300 to 1-? 000 k"l ' • • -, · 1 owatts • •,Ir. Rober ts 1s n lender in comnumit\' frnlc. • 1 porter of the Boy l~d G' ·l tnn am! welfare work, uncl is a sturdy s up11 Scout mo\'cmcnt, Community Council No. Foul', and his church.· i 1 'f i'8 'l. )Ir. D:n·id T Fadd' 1882, uttendin"' gi.'ndc Utah. He startccl to ,1 • orn 111 Grass Creek, Utah, Scptc>mbcr 7, ~r~ n~~ at Ah~):, Wyoming, nnd Coalvill~, le l!mon Pacific Coal Company on Apnl 11t .;~t~,. b F. A. H UNTER FRANK T ,,LLMIRE l\lr. i\Ianucl J. Grillos was bom January 2-1<, 1910, in Alikombo, on the island of Crete, Greece, nn<l immigrated to the Vnitcd Stutes with hi::; parents in April, 1916, settling in Hanna , \Yyoming. The family moved to Winton in 1920, and "i\likc" attended the Rock Springs High Srhool from 1924 to 1928. The Union Pacific Coal Company having inaugurated �H1sTOllY or U NION PACIFI C COAi. f\1 1NES 204 a minin.,. engineering scholarship ffor1 .young o • •men Iinterested in min,· ng en ginecring, )Ir. Grillos wns success u m winmng t 1e first of these sci1 I ." ships. Accorclingly he wns sent to the ::\Iissouri chool o f )lines ~ .n, 0111' 1• which he wns grnduated in 1932. Since then, wi th the exception of i: •110 period he spent working for the Go,·crmnent at the Cns p cr -Alco,·a ~, 1 t . pro,1cct, . Iie IIll~ bcen con t·muousl ." cmpIoyccI by the Con) ComI cc ll-. llllltlOn in various positions in nnd al'Ound the mines. H e was Assistant Fiigl_)nn) · b · · J mccr nt Superior for two yen rs d orc his appointment on )In" l. 1H:l7 t I • • t SII f e t y E• ng111ce1·. ' • ' O lh present po~,' t'1011 o f Assistan )Ir. F. A. Hunter ,1·ns born nt Cnrbon, \Y •vomin", . . h ,Juh· • 8 t 1..,8_ n f, 11 llC1 cnme to Rork Sprmgs 11t the age of fi,·e venn, with hi-, 1>·1n•nt-, 1. Tl . } .' • • JI C \\"H S cmpovcc 1c l1nion I actfic- Cotti Com1)nnv l • 1<)18 I .. I u\' • . • on . Aurrust h ' • , •ln tilC I Dcp~rhucnt a~ Rock Springs, Inter scrvmg ns mine dcrk n t HcliSupp) ~ • nncc from 1921 to 192:,, when he was transfenecl b11ck to tli•• ' ] ,>o t •k ,-ipl'lngs l, . I • • Supp I)' Dcparhncnt. In 1933 ~Ir. Hunte,· wns· 111>1,01·1,Ll,,I l lll l" lll~lllg • Agent f or tic I company, the position he now hold,;. -- OFFICIALS. P AST AND Plll::SENT 205 l\Ir. J ohn_D . Foster was bot·~ April 23, 18~0, in R ock Springs. His schooling was interrupted when lus father's business took him to Uniontown, Pennsylvnnin, however the boy was Inter enrolled in the school there. H e also studied n cou rse in accounting with t he International Con-espondencc S chools. 1''o r n number of y cu rs 1\1r. Foster was employed in the P ost Office at R oc-k Springs, but it was not until August 13, 1923, thut r ... 1\1 , JoH~ D. FosTER E. R. JEFFEnlS C· r. }i i-nnk Tullmire was born A r'l ·> • anndn. There he received his e I f P 1 -1. 18' G, m cu~tcrn Ontario, the Iroquois, Ontario high • It urfi•o_n, attending rurnl grnclc i;chools 1llld T rnining Course at ~•1 . .· .bsc wo., mshing hii; studies with the Teachers Tlle t'mon . P urifi<' Huilroad • 01 1 IS burg ' m .1s9 - •:\I r. T n 11mire's • S a. nssoci1ltion with 1 1 ; ~ eptember 1, 1899, when he obtained work as an .accountnnt. On to_ the Auditor of The t· • 1 , . 6 • l 9 o9 • he wns appoin ted Chief Cle1·k 111011 1 nung, uni, I ~111c-c · Co n I ~ ~ ompnny nt Cheyenne, n 'yoApril 1·1 H)l!)11t·1ficI Chcyl•nnc 1111d Hot·k s .· ' . • ' ic has _bl·t·n Auditor of the· compnnY nt ]\fr T II · • familinr pt mgs. • f. · a nurc •~ wit)An cxc•ccd1 • f ng IY rnpn bl c accounting official, 11 l equcntly called upon for d ,'. u o the company's opcrntions and jg a '1cc by the management. .,tf,~~i K. E. DARLING J. R. D EWAil Ii<• l,ecumc n p1trl o f tlw ]ll't·sonnel of The U nion Po.cine Coal Company, in lhc c,t pnt·il ..' o f Chief Clerk to the Assistant Treasurer. He was appointed to hi~ pn·M•nt position of Assistant Treasurer on February 1, 193:3. :\Ir. Edmund ll. J cfferis was born in Council Bluffs, Iowa., on Septcmbet· 18, 1890, lllld 1110,·cd to St. Joseph, :Missouri, when he was two years ol<l. Graduating from the high school in R ockport, l\lissouri, in 190G, he started his business career in St. J oscpl1, Missouri, o.s office boy for t he John S. B rittinn Dry Goods Company. R estless nnd enterprising, he did not nt once find the job he wanted, and for the next few yea.rs he worked for various wholesnle firms as order clerk, house salesman, a nd traveling snlesmun, coming to T he l; nion Pacific Coal Company in November, 1923, as 1'Ian11ger of Stores. l\lr. J efferis has been extremely successful in the opcrntions of the Store Department, keeping in step with the best modern store practice. )fr. K. E. D1trling, Gcneml 1\lttnngcr of the Southern '\Vyoming Utilities Company, was born in Astoria, Illinois, on August 25, 1897, the son of George and K atherine D arling, cnrly residents of '\Vyoming. H i:. father hnd come to the state in 1883. The boy attended grnde and �HISTORY OF UNION P ACI FI C CO,\L 1\ It Nl~S 206 high school in R ock Springs and took a Columbia Univer sit . accountmg. • '"'I . six • ·t cen yea rs old h e beca Y cxtc11s·•on course m " 1en I1e "as smith,s helper for the Cnion Pacific Railroad Compnny nnd fol~c ~ black, 1Vowing held scvern) otlicr pos1·t·1oni. w1·ti1 ti1c R a 1·1ron d . D u 1·ing the ·Id t11·•~, 0 he sen·cd in u Rnilrond R egiment. Upon lcnving the Armv h e .0 \ Wnr a time for the Southern Pacific Hailroncl in the office of the ~. cd for Snn Francisco, California, returning to " ' yoming in 1928 to u •to .. at position of nccountnnt in the office of the Auditor of The L 11 1:tccC-Ct ~he 1 Coal Company. Two years Inter Mr. Darling wns trim fencd to ~~ Glcific R in•r Water Works Co_mpany a s Chief Clerk, nnd wnt, u ppointcd ~:, J :·~en tcndent of the Green River Wntcr ,Yorks Company and t ht• en· cr_i~~~' ntcr Compa_ny upon the retirement of ~Ir. D . Y. 13cl l. Ji'C'ht·ua ,'.~'.; {'<~·•fil· l hc Green Rn·cr Wnkl' Works Company and the S,n,thl.'rn ·, ,,' • ~:J. • compnny were 1nte1· consolidated • • ns the ~• ou tlJ .. . ,,, vom111,. El , cc t r1c . I'> , ·1· • C .. 1l11 Y01111n r-n l h 1ht·s ompnny. and on J anunrv l , H)37 i\lr D ·nli 11 rr w • • • f I • ' • • ,., ' ., apporntcil Gl'll<'l'II l 'I ., anngcr o t 1e consolidated company. • l 0 J :\[r. ,Tnmcs R. Dewnr was born in London On l.u·io ( • d ,Tnnunry 30, 18G7. He entered m ilrond service ttt tJi,, a,,,.,' ,~f ,~nn at. on 1 k d ' ., ... " seven een t t• s ~r t~g u~ e_c1: • an stenographer_ for the Superintend l·nt of the Grand T1 R nnk ·1 Rnthlll, d • of London ' Ontario , lutc1· " '01·k1' 11g f 0 1. tile J•llll'1·inaton O . Ill roa at Omnhn before 11c accepted employm~nt ll"ith t ~ui lll p ·fi. 1~1tcrcsts. H e worked in ,•m·ious cnpncities wi t'h the t •nion P a~ific ~c;il~ iond, and also ns n coal salesman for The Union Pncifil· l'o·ll (' ns well us ncting ns Secrctan of ' .• . , . . • . ompuny, .• . d . . . ' n11ous compnrues. lrtl·lud 111 ,,. sc,·ernl in111oa organizations In J unc 191...1 l t 11 k . '"' . ' ·en mto the \' ice P resi' le wns dent' Offi Of T,l t· ·: s cc 1c mon Pacific Coal C Cl • f ,...I • omp:rn_y a s , 11c 1.. erk 111 Omulm coming to n k S · T l• pi·mgs • . on April l , 191 !) • • " •l icn ti 1c otIi cci- \l'l' t·e mo\'C<l' fro O J oc m ma tn. tat position he still holds. :\Ir. E. T. Dnldridgc was b r f . • . . . . on December 18 1886 tt d" o n on n. a 1m Ill Grnnd T'rn11·11•. Illrnois, 11 mg school Ill the neighboring town of Ccnlrnlia. Coming '.1 t · , 9 Canon Cib-. 0; ;;~ndm ·I 5 fr th c benefit of his health. he locate<! in 1 gmduatcrf in 1908 f:.,0 : ~;d~~ wns}nte'. employed _ns bookkeeper. H e ,Tune 10, 1915 I t .d • Il~:stncss College with 11ll l10no rs. On • IC en Cle the sen·1c O f rrh i - . . puny's Accounting D ·t • c c mon Pac1ffr Coal Comlo his prl'sent positi cpn; ~c·n} at Che_ycnnc, and wn;; s tcnclily 11tlrnncecl ,1·us mn<lc on ~Iui·ch ;~1~ ,t lie Clerk to the Audito r. T h is nppoinbnent 2 c i3 CHAPTER XXII. For Distinguished Service Tt'lls of rite Old Timers· Association and rite men wlto make up its 11tt•mbcr.vhip and those w!to ltauc serued as officers of tlte Association• /,m1 the 01111ual rc11nio11 is held in a splendid auditorium built express/;, ff'lr rite Company's 11et1•ra11 employes. ll_o w c~rtain ~lcl timers, shortly l1efurt• deaf/, orer/ook them, askrd that their bur1al service be conducted in ..,heir [mi/ding: ' and tr/ls of lite store that the Forty-year members put ori the g11ld lwttn11 giu,•11 lo them as tltey graduate into the Honor Class, 1hr. 1wrso11al f{i/t ,,f the Pr<·side11t of the Compa11y, who 011ce said Ire !tad ,·~tabli h,•d ,, , 11 ,tom tlr11t Iris successors "dare not do other than carry out." '/'ells of the t'IIJ!.ll11'Ni11g scholarship instillltecl in 1928, whereby the so11 nf all t'TIIJlloyc or ,/,·1·1 ,,wd emplore's widow is sent lo a leading engineering .,i;/,ool for four H'llf •. t111d thereafter taken into tire Company, with a further 11 nrrl 1111 tire ··J m pit, 1 ,.; Jlaga:ine," publis/recl monthly, and clistributcd ~ral11ito11sl \' 111 111/ 1•111pln1 es sine<' its inception January 1, 1924. <><>y o t· n o r g 111,i1al 1,i11 is n wonderful one,,, Mr. Leslie A. Miller, Governo r o f \\·, un1i11g, told members of The Union P acific Con! Company Old 1'111w r,' A~;.,ol·iation in 1933. "It adds djgnity and color to life it ,l•lf.'' .\ _ycnl' Int er Mr. T . S. Hogan, former Stntc Senator and Secretary of Stutc for ~lontnnu, nddcd his praise in these wo1·ds : " I can say, without !wing churgccl with 1111y attempt nt flattery, that the Old Timers' Association, The t·uion P acific Conl Company, and especially and personnlly )Ir. Eugc•ne :.'lkAulitYc, 1trc entitled to the thanks not only of t his community but of this State 1111d this ration for l1aving established a system of genuine. hc1ll'ty nnd unaffected cooperation between cmploycs and mn11ngrme11t in thc conduct of business. . . . . If we could have in all mining cli;;trict, tht• sa111r mutunl respect a nd confidence between manugcmrnt and employcs which t•xi;;ts in this urea, there would be little industrial strife in the conl-mining districts of the United Stntcs, and, incidentally, I woul<l lose my job ns Chai l'mnn of the Mine L1tbor Board." Pl'esiclcnt Eugene 1\lcAuliffe himself admitted nbout this time thnt Ill' bclicn·d the fine influence of the Old T imers' Association and the spirit it cngcnderc·d wns responsible more thnn any other factor for the many impro,·ements that had been brought about within the Union Pacific mincl:i uncl the communities in which the miners lived. "I h,t,·c persistently appealed to the older men who make up the membership of the Old Timers, Assoeiution to guide nnd direct the younger men,,, i\Ir. ) IcAulift'e nssertcd, "not only in matters pcrtnining to their personal safety, but in th~ various ncti,·ities that make for better citizenship. This hns been done without stint.,, 207 ....--ri_ _ _ __ �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES 208 To 1\Ir. l\Ic.Au1iffe must go the cf·.re~it t£ or Acreati_ng_ the Old Tilllel's' . . I rr n fovorite tlreum o 1ns, 11e ssocmbon was inh,nd cl Assoc111hon. .,onb . . . 1 I d . . ]l • • e . f . tl1e trudihons of the men w lO m g1 0" 11 o c1 m the scrv1·c ns 11 sl1rmc 01 tl • h d • nnv the men who 1m given 1eu yout and strenrrt]c nlp.. ., , I • l b . o 1 0 £ tl1e Con1 Co to the mines. It was designed as an exc us_1~c ore mem crsh1p in which would confer distinction through 1)·ctofi~nitio}\1·~ o "It,_~ :;l- ~f~adfast qun.litics ·al workmen From t 1e rst, 11·.•, cn.u 11 e made it J)hi,, common t o 10., . •. b l • I • • •< . ,n . ,Jrtrnmwtion whollv e ongmg to t• 1c mmcrs t hcrm,clvc • . · • . • ,;, tl Ill t tl llS ~1 «~ 1111 b< ' d tlutt the coal company had no motive m urg111g i ts cstabhsl1mc11 t other 11 tln desire to find u closer 1·clutionship and a better undc r~tnn<ling of l!lll ...1 problems. \i\T}rnteYe1· the mmcrs • ' d ou bts or 1·trust of the assomu tll.1 . l ... I . cintion that first year, they melted away rn t 1c m1ba mee ting uf the Old Timers' Association on June 13, 1925. Thereafter they t ook 'i\[r. ~ lcAuliffo nt his word 1111d udopted the ussociation ns their own. 7\ l r . 71fcAuliffc htts npvenrcd regularly on their nnnunl p~·ograms from th~ h,-gin ning, introclncin11 their .,.uest speakers and making an addl'e s h1111::<'lf. bu t always insisting that he too was a guest, frequently remi11ding I lwm that ]~is cont.inuous service with The Union Pacific Coal Company did not add up to twonty years, the minimum period required for membC'r:-hip in the Old t·•, O a· A group79•>r posedI in hon-?r Oj I)J r. James Moon, first President, Old r· Association. . imers' William Moo, - ::>- 'ceft 10 right: Eugene :llcA.ulif/e, President. Mr. James Moon, . . r. 1r.. carve B Pr~· I r,·. /'..1 'd W ·tt • ill S A rr, Dickmson C,,,wra/ S q. • J < e. 1• ice resi ent, 1 , ,am, oon, r., • 1r • grandson ~/,\Jr J upj\e~wlell<lcnt. ln the foreground is Albert, Ackers, great • • umcs won. Fon D 1sT1NGUJSHED SEnv,cE 209 'l'imcrs. TJ1c Old Timers did not dispute hi~ word, but they knew better just the same. Not u. member? Why Mr. McAu1iffe was the association's ~od-fothcr ! \ i\1ithout his initiative there ~-ould httve been 110 Old Timers' Association ut rtll. There would have been no hnndsome, brick Old Timers' Building, no year l_y meetings where t hese men nnd women who came tu the count r y when it was new and unb-ied could relive the <lays of long u.go and find nguin I he friendships of their youth. .At the first organizu tion meeting of the Old Timer s, bcld on June 13, 1925, the 1111m cs of two h undred 1111d si.xty-ninc men who lu1d ,,.c•rvcd I he company and its p1·e<lccessors for p(•t'iods ranging from twenty to fifty ycnrs were placed on the regist.rnlio11 roll. E ,td1 mnn wore a bndgr pinned to hi. lapel bNHing the rm.me of the mining fi eld iu wl1tch he had first w01·ked, and many there were lhnt bore the namci, of camps Jom'I McTEE, Sn. thut had passed out of existence years ago, und which hu<l passed ovcl' into the limbo of "gho::t towns." Jnmcs :Moon , whose service had extended over a period of half a century, wus dected the first president of the association -other officers were Robert Cardwell, vice president; Charles P . H' assung, sec1·ctan•-trcasun:r; and 'l'homas Cook, J olrn Doak, J amcs .Besso, George P. \Vilde, Charles :Wforgnn, Joseph l\ililler, Sr., u.nd Jolin McTce, Sr., members of the board of directors. In his speech of acceptance du ring the banquet Mr. Moon struck the keynote of the organization's celebration, u. keynote that has held true w:ith c>very succeeding celebrn.tion, when he said: "The g1·eatest joy tbut bus come to me has been the mcl·ting with my old friends, many of whom I had not seen for thirty years." Later Mr. McAuliffe was to express the same sentiment, when he told the men, ''1 know thu.t it is 'Jim' or 'Sam' or 'B ill' whom you worked with and lived with in the years that are gone, that is the magnet. that pulls your heart strings, and I hope it will always be so.~' The association has made great strides each year, not only in increased membership, but also in increased significance to its members. The coal company in 1929 built the finest auditorium in weste1·n vVyoming for the Association's annual meetings in Rock Springs, and the building has come to mean so much to the Old Timers that ii number of them asked to have their burial services conducted in "thei1· building." The association itself has become inc..xtricably bound up in the sentiments of the. men who �210 HISTORY 01' UNION PACIFIC COAL ' h NES Fon D1sT1Ncu 1sREo SERVICE arc its members, nnd when .Mr. Andrew Tarris, nn "Old Time-.,. 1 d' 0 11 ~Iny 2i, 1938, n short time before. the rru11io1~ where he was 'to _ a gold button for forty ycnr:,1 contmuou:. scrnce, his fnmily nskc<lctth Cl\ c the button be gi\'cn them to he buried with him. In the following _0 thnt lute Judge D. G. Thomas, poet lnurcntc of the association :~ Cit e urcd something of the feeling thnt lodges in the thronts of the {)) nnd chokes them with remembered happiness when thev meet I~ I' •_mer:. at their nnnunl reunion, nnd march ·houldcr lo ,,houl~ll•r ,, iti°1 1 l'ICH<is arntcd buddies <lown the strt•cts of R uck Spring:..: ong-~cp- /~<.',. tt· 211 • . l\fr. . ,James ) ~l oon, . the Old Timers' fii·st • 1,.1cs1·'cl cnt raised t d cl of chg111t y ant gr_nc1ou.s11ess fo r succ·ccding president .' • a s nn nr nnth, 0111ersctsh1 rc, hnglnnd, on ,Jnnunry 17 18~2 s f~low. Do1·n nt A111cricu und ente_rcd t he employ of the u;lion ']>uc~fi~ ~:--i',foon came to partnwnt ,1s a miner at Almy, ,vyoming, in Sc tcmber • tud 87 C_oult D~)'l'H rs after cord wus first mined in this par t of ih \.1 ~ .JUS six c coun Y· c worked in Almy until 18H!). and iI moved 'to Spring \'alley the opening- of the mine the r c. lea ,·ing Spring \'nllc,Y l o go to Hock Spring~ in 190-~. irr. ) loon "a" retiree! from nd i,·1• i-t•n·i<"c with a pcn,-io11 on lht• lir,l of ) l 1l\', l!l:t; . nt tht• ll r, ff(' 0 f S l I' I n t \' - fh·c • .,·c•11 r,-, on tin <·0111plt•t ion of fift ,•-t l11·1•t• \' l'tl l'S of sl'n ·in~ i·11io11 P~1cilit· i11h•rc,t,. Vnllo" ing his rdin•111c·nt. he <"urd imll'cl lo tnkc a h-!'11 i11tl'rc,-t in 1tl1 the 1tffnir, of TIil' I · 11io11 Pnrilir Cou I C'ompnny, nnd to Ill' p rcst•nt nt all of tlw mcding,; of the Old Timers' Association. H e wnlkccl in the parndr the ycnr Thomas H. Butler all set lo lead tire Old Timers' prior lo his d c ;l t, h, which ot·cu rn'<l D cce111- Parade. bcr 29, 193-!-, at which time he ha<l been on the pny rolls of the company continuously for sixty yen rs. ::\[ r. )foon wns married and rcnrcd a family of six sons and six cluughtc1·s. Before his reti rement, there were three 0,,.cncrntions of his fomily in the employ of the coal company. 011 FOR 'l'IIE SAKE OF OLD Lr\~G SY:'\E The sun plsiycd with the buds of )ln y l ' ntil thcv opened wide • T hen left them nodding nil 'the w11 ,. Along the country side • Thnt June - the sweetest :nonth of 11 1! H er brcnth like mellow wine, Shou_ld greet you in the fei.ti,•c hall. 1' nr the sake of Old Lang Sync. 0 So c·omc, Old Timer, lock the door And hide away the kev . De rendy for the bountt•o·u; ,;tore At this, your jubilee; Herc happiness is waiting you. H~t:C JOU _can dance and dine, Ancl fi-1cndsl11ps of the pni-t l'l'llcw For the snke of Old Lang Sym·. 0 Agnin the merry drum~ will roll T l The bn_nds will shout with glee\ tc 11:?loches t hat lift the soul '~ ,l_l s trc_ngthen you and me; And ~mlil<'s will grnt·c the furrowed brow " f nc ten rs of gladness ~hinc. ' -,o t•omc nlong - ti1c tune • ts • now • _ F or the snke of Old I.nng Sync. "It •tsn ' t nil of life to liYc X ' die" - or nil of dcnth to Something within us we must iYc Rdorc we sa \' "Goodbye Ancl when w,c go •nwny from • herc ' 0 ur curthlv c . • )Iuy Rea\'!' : mes res1gn 'p h 11 gn·c us of its cheer or t c sake of Old L nng S ync. .,!5 0 The second President of the Old Timer s' Association, i\Ir. Thomas M. ~ci\Inrr, was born on Scptcmbc.i· 10, 1861., at Pierce City, iiissouri, co~mg to the coal company on October 1, 1880, as a tipplcmnn at No. One :\Imc, R ock Springs. He also served in the Jocnl yards at R ock Springs as a switchman on t he Union Pacific R ailroad, which pince he held for seven years. Since that time he hns been employed by The Fnion Pacific Coal Company. Mr. Lcl\Inrr has been very prominent in the activities of the Old Timers' Association, attencling all of its meetings, nnc! he also has held many responsible positions in frntcrnal orgnniimtions, cspecinll_y �in the Odd Fellows. H e wns pensioned on N"cw Yenr's D1ty, 1027, 1tnd . • lin•s in Rock Springs. ) I r. J.c~_f on: hus _spent u long and useful life ;1ttll ' nd continues to find clccp pkusurc Ill l11s rchrcmcnt. :\Ir. J o:.cJ>h Ire-dale, the third President .. E I I of the Old Timers ' w a s 1.uorn nt MenJport, C'. 1mb~rlnnd C~unty, ng_ant, o~ Au.g11:._t :J, 1860. At the the fon11ly 11111k111g ,t:, firs t home in Oh' 11n.,.c of ten he ,uTa,·ccl tn Amcnca, d C I. \\' )'lo~1k1111g,ll • J • tCJ In 1878 tlw Iredalcs 1110,·c . l~ aruo_11, t tic t·1ghtccn ,VeaJ· olci .youth finJinrr "' work us II hoaslang bcnganccr. . I ,I ·e 1L t w nwn. wlH, 1·I\•C( 1 •Ill Car ou Ill t 1c enrh' do.'y:-, he 1,,' , ...~ 1."I 1)rOll( 1 • of tl_ac fod . S0111c t i111c la t er " : 1•11mc to Rock Springs, where he was agnrn cnrr,Lfr •d , · · f n ~l' lb ting • eng111ccr or man ._v ~vcar~n I it ,.1., , t). Iwis :,, • Eight )Jane. '.\Ir. . I Ircdnlc• -,cncd in tit C• :,(,('Oil d Stutc L egas aturc. l'l'IH'eM:11tin~ Swcc>twntcr County, introducing the bill wl • I1 resulted in the building of tlie li ,·,t Wvon~t 1 Genera_! Hospital at H_orl.. ~prings. Blel'l ~~ three times to the L <'ga:,111 t ll l'C. and Inter to the Sena le, of whid1 he " a , \ 11·c President. i\lr. I_rednle h~1:- hud _co11'1dt!rnhlc politirnl e:.--per1encc. Pnor to h1 n t11·cm,•n t. )fr. Iredale wn:. engugcd a~ uulomobilc engineer. und he ,1·us one of the curl 1· build1: r, of auto• mobiles, hn ,·ing con,-t ruct,·cl n -,knnr-dri\'cn uutomobile about H)08. At pl'csc11t lac is li"ing 1,ith his son-in- In" nncl hi,, clnughtcr. Miss Mary Miller. First lacly .M r. nnd )Irs. Prcd A. Carlt•!><m, in Snlt,l/e~1bt•r. Old Timers· Organi- Lnkc City, l'tnh, but he n:h11·1b cnd1 ycnr :.1111011. to the Old Timers' Reunion in )lock Springs. ~l Cln 1928 Mr. Robert Cardwell wus chosen President bY the Old Timers. born in England 011 Jul,· : t Cl ti !4' L' 111·tcu -·1 Stute·nl'<lwell ··ti 1wns · • oo - , 1860, l'Ollllllg 1_ Hs parent:; nt the uge ol cigl1t years. The fomilr ::.cttlcd in p s Cen_~? ltbllll for n short time, und then m<;Ycd on to Ohio • where :Mr. ui_ ~\ ~gun work as u miner. In 18i8 ~Ir. Cardwell uncl'iiis pnrents 0 .' et' 0 f urbon, ~d~cre he was cmployc:cl m1dcrgrouml. I·fo also worked o1 ime Hor the l naon Pucifi c R ai·1ron cl on t I1c H,rnna and '.\Icdicinc Bow l'lln nwhe 1 , annnf was • cl 111 • 1888, 1111d Iind two sons1 botl . on u brun c•It I'me. H c was 111nn1e 1 0 1 )lr C'·trd' . t " IOlll entered the ranching business with him. In 1920 • • • "<'11 re urned t H pnny us house ins cc·to..° . nnn'.L ~o _rc-c~t~r the cm-ploy of the con! comyenr Int . S µ 'fiom ,1!11ch position he retired in Julv 1030. A ct' on eptember l he d' d } ·1 1· • •, b ,. ns he ,1·ns known t I . . f .·' le w 11 c l\' tng on his ranch. "Cncle Do , .tntcre~t througho ot I11s I tends wn • , I d'd • • k t' .. l'f . ' .. s a :;p en I cattzcn nnd too • nn nc l\'l' u us I c 111 e1n c matters. 1929 :\fr RobCl'_t :\I • formerly Genern.l l\lastcr i\lechanic 11.t RockInSprings II'· . • un·, • t·. Fon D1sT1Ncu1sHF:1> SEnv,ct HISTORY or UNtON PA CIFIC COAL M1N.:s 212 ;'1 t l\I I', C,n<lwcll ·, ~\ u~anunousl)' chosen by the Old Timers to succcecl • l \ 11 • n1un· was f 0 11 • 1030 by Mr. Chris Johnson, who owed m 213 is remembered ns 11 ~foster :l\Icchanic at Cumbcrlu11d, W yoming. A b1·ief sketci1 of i\Ir. Muir's life may be found in an earlier clinpter in this history. Mr. Joseph :McTec, Sr., was elected in 1931 to preside over the affairs of t he Old Timers' Associntion. Born at Da iry, Ayrshire, Seotu, lnnd, on '.\forch 27, 1875, he later cnmc to Illinois with hSs parents, and in the late eighties, moved to Rock Springs. He wns fifteen years old when he begun his ser"ice with The U n ion Pucific Coal Lefl to right: }<111H' \ I/ orgun, If'. D. '" Billf ' R)'UII, CompanJ, being taken and / 0/111 P. II hit<•. T!trt•<' much loved members of into No. Seven Mine, the U . .\/. II'. of , I. 11 ho thrilled to the Old Timers' R o ck Springs, with . Association lfru11io11.~. ,llr. White. former President his father. :;\fr. MrTee of the U. ,1/. rf'. A .. ilil!cl eptember 21, 1934. worked at various mines ut ~ ock Spri11g:, for u period of forty-one years, and was retired from acb\'C ,-cr,·ict• with n pension on account of ill health, on November 1. 1931. J-ij,. dl•ath occmr ed December 11, 198~. Prominent in community ll'Ork un<l in the affair:, of the t · nited i\Iinc ,vorkers of America, where he held man_,. l'l'1'ponsible positions, he mnde himself felt as a real force in the town. :;\[ 1·. :;\lc'l'cc was succeeded as President o! the nssocintion in 1932 by l\lr. J. Stanley Preece, of Rock Springs. i\Ir. Preece, a nntive of England, c~1mc to \\'Joming in 1908, working in Rock Springs No. One i\line. He daed on September 7, 1935, nt t he age of forty-one. In 1033 l\Ir. D. Y. B ~~I _of Rock Springs succeeded :l\lr. Preece, and the following year i\fr. \\ 1111nm )lclntosh of Superior succeeded Mr. Dell. i\Ir. :McI ntosh, born in W estfield, Scotland on D ecember 8 1880, became a citizen of the . , ' H U mted States when his father took out his naturalization papers. e was deeply interes ted in First Aid and Mine R escue work and held certificates ns mine foreman, gas watchman and shot firer. His untimely death came on February 0, 1936. cl) t j The Old Timers' Association President in 1935 was Mr. Fronk L • :l\IcCnrty, formerly Mine Superintendent in Rock Springs, who now live~ �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC CO,\L MINES Fon 01sT1NcursHr.o Sr.nvrce: . O d Ft h His .~uc·cc!HiOr was :\fr. Chnl'lcs Gregory. 1\fr. G 1·cgory gb en,• Ohio, on 1\lu•v 14. 1882, nnd fil'st entered was orn in ,a,•a··'e)i'inuton,·illt•. n . he l,;nion JJncific Coal Compa11, .· Ill :\Inrcl1, 1894. I•'t·om O f T 1 · t I1c emp oy I • that dale· forth he continued to wo1·k _fol' t 1c company, except for two • f Ill • t e1'\·nl.s, tit"" first • when he wns with . the Centrnl Con I & Coke ComI>rie panv for :-ix months, and the i;econcl, wl11d1 lasted two JClll's, wlwn lw wni, on the pay rnll of the :\Icgenth Coal Company. Superior Hirrh School. :\I I'. Powell hns been n member of the Old Timers' Association since 1930. There II re twn othe r Old Timers especinlly worthy of mention here, ~Iessrs. J'rtcr lluum, Sr., and P ntrick Husscll. " ' hilc tlw\' ha,·c held 110 offil'ial position in the ,\!,;oci11tio11, their :,cn ·icc records nrc out:;tn11cli11g, 11s is 1hl•i1· w11r111 int erest in the C'oul Co111p1111y and in the annual Old Timl'I':..' Hc.• union:,. :\ I,·. Roam s tarted Wlll'k for till' L'nio11 Par ifil' Hnilroud Compn11y Coal U c pnl'l111l.'11t u t .\ lmy in 1877, the ::.nme year lhnl Ju• ti r,t a1Ti 1!'cl i11 the United States, c,m1ing f r11m S o1111 r <·1>1dl''• D e1·byshire, England. lfr \\ 01·!-.-d in turn in Scofield, Spring \'idle\'. and ( 11111lwrlu11cl. und he wus emCHARLF.S GnECOIIY p lo_n:d a t the la1,t numed town ut the time Unit Foreman at Rock Springs of hi~ rdire111t·11t, .\l ny ] , 1926. ::\Ir. lloum li, c,; "ith hi::. wife in O•~dC'n, ' tuh. The second rcmn1·kablc Old Timer, 1\fr. Put ril•k Ilussell, is u I.rue son of Ireland, having been born at Gilkee, 214 in Hnl'l'Y A. \Vyla111, the twelfth President of the Old 'l'imeri.' Allsociation, first' entct'ed the . , - - - ~ ~ - - . - - -- . ser\'ire n l Tono in 1911. lr-,,, --- -- - - --0::,::t4,, Prior to his Inst po- , • silion as outside engineer at •'(''' )fine, Supet'ior, he wns fo,· four ~·e,u·s postmnsh:r nt Superior. :\I I'. W y I 1t m passed nw11,r on :\forch 13, H)-1,(), nftc-r a brief illnt•ss. The thirteenth Pt'esi<lcnt of the Old Timers, ;,uccl-t-<ling )fr. Wyln111, ll'ns :\Ir. 0. C. B~l'l,ler, who wus born in Schuyler, Nebrnskn, illotorma11 Charles Smith, ulw.,r l11,·11111uth •t• is September H , 18iR. In 110w cm flo11orary ,\/ember of th ,, Old I it11a.1· As1896 he be c n m e n sociation. pumper in ~o. 0 n c '.\line, Hnmm, 1111d since that time he ha,, been l'mplo.n•d l'Onl i11uously by the con! compnny, his Inst position being that of hoi-..ting l' nginct•1· nt Hnnnn No. Folll' '.\line. The President of the Old Timers' ,A,.,sociation for 1939 was :\fr. Obie Powell, of Superior. 1\h-. lJowcll wns born in C 1u·bon, ,Yyo111i11g, August 11, 1895, the son of Hnchcl nnd William H. P owell, both of whom nrc dcel'nsed. He 1110,·etl to Hol'k Springs with his parents in H)00, and nttendl·tl i;chool then•, nt Spri1_1g rullcy, und Superior, entering the ser \'ice of the c~mpuny us snubber 111 Superior "C" ~line in 1910. He hus worked conhnuously sinl·c thut time with the exception of one yen r, J um•, l 918, to Junl', 19H), spl•nt in the l:nitccl Stutes Army, ten months of which w11s in Fi:ance•. :\[r. Po_well hns wo1·h•d nt rnrious occupations, including boss :~n~;er, ,111 Supt•rio1· "C" i\finl', old "E" Shaft, "A" l\line, Superior Store, . Il :'lime. nnd mie year in the Hock Springs mines. At the present time he 1 " lnm1, house nth•11tl·111t 11t "C" "J' • • which · • .• •' me, n position he )rns I1c· Id since ;~n1;·b; l9:W. :\Ir. J>owdl was mnnied to Caroline C'onzn.tti in October, ~ 11 • Thl'Y ha,·e had three children, Cathel'ine Kenneth nnd Donnld. The 11 l'~ t two u re dt·cc11 , d 1•I11'I D · ti ic' :sc , ' c <ma IcI, 14' yNu·s' of age, is n. .student 111 215 ANOTHER OLO•Tll\lE GROUP Left to right: Frank Handin, Material Clerk; ·'Kiel" Gunnell, a foot-racer; Mr. Gw111e/l, brother; Gus Paulson, prospector, in doorway {wit/, beard); Tom Tf//,itmore, Foreman in 1881 and Superintencle11t, 1886-7; S. B. Chase, Master Mechanic, 1880 t-0 1886; D. A. Clarie, brother of D. 0. Clark; Jesse fumes, Blacksmith. �217 HistoRY OF UNION PACIFIC Co,\l, M1NES Fon D1sT1Ncu1saEo SERVICE I t ·ed l'nion Pncifi e R ailroud service at Armstrono County ~lnrc;., I ~ ~;~ ~~ l883 becnn1e u11 cmplo_yc of the Coal D eµartm ci~t 11 J(nnsns, m 18,S, H • l'Ol'ked foi· the Coal Company at u 1111111be1· of ih 1 ColorttC o. cd ' is hoisting e11<•111eer • r 'I' wo 'I' ll t Com O, a t ,no. "' 111c, Hnnnu •it• <l was engnac '. b • II town~, nn . . f. :' cnt 011 AufTust 1, 1926. iir. Russe pa~scd away' 'in the tune of ]us le n cm bcr 5 193!). • Dc1wcr, Colorudo, DecCJll , ther Union Pacific Coal Company Old Timers There arc many O d J l • , . . cl 1 d who ha.Ye rendered honest an oya service to the both livt~tg an c_ ~ndu~tr)' where the transient workman is t he l'llle ra ther 11 rompnn,• · 1n nn • • 1111grn • t· ,,,J ci·e more thnn Ill nny oti 1cr fi eJd , I H bo r "" tory th1rn t Iic cxcep 1011, 1 ' - . . C IC , •, d 111 · dci>endent 'l'he l:mon Pacific on ornpo.J1)' 1·cccinl occi,1css. un rcst ' l • ti . b 1·tself The same nnmes are s 1own m 1c pn._y !'Oils vcut· • . d f t' . ~ PJCS ll _p1O('e y•1•11 1T evidence of n Iona: peno o con m uous :.1!1·,·1ce on the ~ £ _ 11f ter yeur, bCt\ J o )art ~f these mt?n. More thun t hat, the name~ o :,oil · und g l'~ndsons :ippcar beside those of the older men, and contmue to a ppc1u· a ftel' the, retirement with compensntion for the miners who had given not less than twenty years to its service, and who were overtaken by bad hen.Ith or old nae. Since the system was instituted, more t hun one hundred cmployes hu,·e bl>een retired with pension. Injuries to mjners, too, were made the responsibility of t he Company, and en.ch year it contributes muny thousands o f dollars to the " ' yoming State Workmen's Compensation Fund. The executi,res of The l,;nion Pacific Coal Company have been most zealou:- in imisting thut the stu.te officials guard the fund carefully, and mnkc just payments to inj ured men or to the dependents of men who gave thci l' lives fur industry. 216 Thomas Hall, Assistunt Band l.eadcr 11I Reliance. lames Sartoris, leacler of the Rock Springs. Reliance. TFin· /011 and Superior Bands. older men have pnssed away. Like the famous boat builders of Engln nd , who liut~ded their trade sec;·ets nnd their occupation prou<lly down fr0 !11 gl'ncrahon to generation, the miners of Southern ,-v)' Oming make then· wo1·k • p uc1fic • Coul Compunv an honored fan11ly • tru d't' 1 101~· . for. Tlle Punton Tlus ut titude of respect and loynltv sho~ by the company's employes 15 ~tu lllnltcr of chance. The ofliciul; of the company realized long ago th nt ey ndtUSl meet respect with respect and loyalty with loyalty, and th eY s11upe lheir po1·icies • uccordmgly. · ' • t ed The Coal Company enrly •mstttu In nddition to it. cont ribution to this state fund, the company is by fnl' the hen ,·ic~t lnxpnye l' in ull the communities where it has proper- ti,•,,, ,ind, 11.:,. such. it hn.,. contributed the major portion of moneys needed not 011ly for dny-to-d a) l xpenses for govemment, but for civi~ impro~eme11 t i:; n~ well. The comp,111y has con tinuously offered t he services of its lt:rh11ici,t1h in planning nil mujol' public improvements, in order that public money spent would p roduce the mujo1· r esults: ':('he company built antl 111ni11tnin communib halls in its various commumtics and has encour11 ,,.l·cl the ol'g1i nizutiQ11 l;f community councils. It has also outfitted and otht•n1 i-.e ;,upportcd ti,·c bmss l>unds in its various towns, together with tht• fam ous ) fcA11liffc Kiltie Band. It nwnrds prizes for every type of connncndablc community a ctivity - fo1· better gardens, for cleaner yards, for Snfoty and Fi1·st Aid work, nnd for many other civic projects. In 1928 it innugurntcd II scholarship for n. complete cour:-c in mining engineering, to be gin•n to the son 01· wurd of an cmploye, prc11·iding ul:-o thnt upon completion of the c:ou 1·,;c the grndun tc would be given n posi tion wi th the Coal Compnny. Boys winning the schohm,hips receive six hundred dollal's a ycul' during their nine months in college, in addition to their t uition and mnfriculation fees. l\fr. l\Innuel J. Grillos, now Assistant Safety Engineer, was sent through the MissoUl'i School of Mines at Rolla, Missou1·i, by means of the scholarI ship, and others who have received the scholarship nrc Frank P. Lebnr, ,John E. I ,villson, und ,vulfred E. Hensuln, ull of whom were educated at the Colorado School Eugene Evans, Assistant Band of Mines ut Golden, Colorado. J Leader at Superior. Another splendid contribution to the welfare of The Union Pacific Con.I Company's employcs is the "Employe's 1\foga1<1ine," which, published monthly, chronicles the highlights of wodd problems, literature, items of industrial importance, and personal �HISTORY or UNION P ACIFIC COAL 218 111 U rvrINES news of local intc n 's t. It- is a . litcra ry au thori I y. ho u sc Ii O Iti ~~~dcnseu lucnl ncwspn per n II in one 1111 ,] • . P• nnd , ~ l:a ·1·,e a word of propnganda. 'J'hc 11 1d0 . • _s not az11 , • • Sl'nt to enc,I mine r without chur;' • ic is ure othe1· co11tribution.~ that the c~;d~lCt•c pnn_y lllls 111adc. It hn:; s up1Hii·tccl ti 0111 • • l r out mo ,·t•nir ,i'- , Ile no). S cout nn< I G Jr lS. llt1C I . the lcacIc1· 111 the o rgn ni:f.atiun of Gil"! <.'< • in that urc11 wn • 1u1 c urly cdilur of tl•c ,~~,lits 1Hng·nzinc," :'I I ii;~ .Tc~si" ' IcT), · •~ll 11)0,·c's J ~ ' ~ •' Ill 1'111 I It hus crc<'l cd c on1111 u 11i h• · Ch i•i:, t 111 It "· t,l Ccs 1c • 1111nua II•r, s po nson•d frl't' ,•11t"i·t•t' i 1 1 • , ~ • 1ncnts• nnd cnusetl 1t · fh-c co11qM n \' ~to 1·l':-, t f · , ' I • • 0 Ill"• ms 1 equipment for ha -,·lmll. ,-uftlrnll ls<1ial, Slu:rratl, Band leader buskctbull tcums. ' 111111 lla,uw. T HE nA.,os -- n-·'" HIC H Fum, . 1M . pper left- Superior B d ISH C~nl Lou·er Le/l- l/n1111n Ba d 11 ' usic 1-·on THE O LD Tmims' MEETINGS . Upper Right-Rock Springs Band er-1/cAul,J/e's Kiltie Bond Lower Right-Rt!liauce and Tflinlon Ba 11d Fon DIST ING UISIIIW s,mv rcE 219 For nil of this cffol't 1L11d expense, the management considers the uiiucrs' cheerful rcspon c 11s pnymen t in full. It recognizes its obligation to the loyal men who give the productive years of their liYes to its service, and it ~onsistcntly labors to discharge :ts part nf this obligation, both in its support of community ]jfc und in its relations with the men i,; their work. In 1933, when prices we1·c low and the demand for coal wus s teadily falling, Pl'esitlent McAuliffe presented t lie nnnual gathering of Old Timers at R ock S pringi. with infol'mntion s howing the hcav_v lo~:sc;, occurring in the operation of several 111i11cs. "The fads al'c, we !1twc ) ' Ct too n1anv 111cn und too 1111rnv mi nes," i\1r. J\1c.\ 11t(1rc told the men. "F~·om t he standpoint >f : 1 W l• ll ma naged business, we should c:lo~c L . . -_ __J( ' l'il hl.!r Win ton, whi ch employs 231, or R cJi,mct , which employs 170 mine workers, 1/iss rl1111a Jl/i//c,, who l11•• hi t I coul<l not r econcile myself to turning c11mc //11' :,•cnu,I l.nt!J JJ,,n,l,,,r 11111 11 C"ouple of hundred men in order to nj thr Old Timt•r.,· A sso ciation r-llt•c-1 ~vc•n n ubs tnntial saving to the comin l <J3R. pany. H. lius a lways been my opini011 tl111t the ll"Ol'd coopcrntion means a contribution from both :.idt•,,:· Thal. in II nutshell, is the policy of The 'Cnion Pacifk C'onl C'o111pnny ··. \ conti·ibution from both sides." ~}) �THE CnusAmNc MAvon CHAPTER XXIII. The Crusading Mayor Tells the storr of a 1•oung German immigrant who came .11l . wife to Rock Springs in his early manhood, who toiler! in tfte mw'. liis , means necessary to esta.bl.mt · 1 a. busmess • sat•e tne career. who wa 1T1es I lo Maror of Rock Springs, serving for Len years, during wliic!t the sc·! ected pa·11ed, sewered and drained. his crowning work Bunning Park O L y tz°s it Citr Park). which u.nder the guiding hand of this quiet, kinJl ca ed was transformed from n cesspool into an area of lush green gras y soul, forty varieties of trees•and, a. wealth of flowers in season. wftere 1,S• soldmc . peopl e Iovr to come 111 t11e s1tmmer e,vemngs to s11. and think ne •e er th! .~tars come out. Tells of the ltonors paid the City's bPlovcd "Bu; ll'he 11 lhl' rnd came. the last rites held in tlte Old Tim ers· l sso~ia§ absl! r • ' bcaulr'ful fountam . creeled in . Bzumin~ . Park • • to' th••On u11d. ing. anu.1 of Inc of the man "whose love of beaut,• inspired the building of this prir/i:~e(n~?,' ~;,.t R. Peter Christ-inn Bunning took office a ,·or k S · M . on anuary 1, 1924. R ock Spnngs wa!-; t hen tht' 1, ."""t c·t 9 'ti • TJ t d St J T , ' ' 1(a • , >f 1~l. QC l 11 t J)l'JnlT~ .m ~ a cs wt 1out sanitary 11nd storm sewers, })ll\'CO i,, trects nd I •" JD hghtmg n_nd water system, and sidewalks. T he road., cqu1tte t · · ~- fo1· -t1·eet ~ :;·'tt icy were ~~ ' wet strewn with loose ~-rn,·cl nnd punctuntcd wHh chuck h~lcs at b~e~~d ·tt:r~J~s. 1;cr_c, obv1~usly, was 11 mining v.illa.ge tl 1nt had grown n/ntte~ s /e~1 cnts. c~pec~ahons, a town nnd city tltnt hnd outstripped 1 moclcrn !n~n~infi~tp ~~ .; ~~ /he com-enicnccs .and foci Ii tics that nre n m·cr witl1 tl1at fi • sb tn lu 1gb1lt. ::\Inyor Ilum1111g looked the situation c1·ce ti s l}' UC f I• l I . hnrd 011 the 1·nc ··t • • d bn;,;c O 115 , anc t 1c:n he shut his teeth 1 nblc cigar ' an went t k Tl • b . 0 \\·or·. ten years to finish. 1c .Jo was to take hun (T b'-'' • J\fovor Bunning wns the • ·ti1 I11'Id .111 e nnd Doi~oth,, B • . SIX 11 family of tt-11 born ~o Johun • unnmll' tn Gebin S I 1 • H •• horn :\larch H 1s59° H' f l ' c 1 eswig- olstem, Gcnuany. H e was 1 and cngcr to tr~vel a· d s at ici· wns a stock raiser. P eter was restless 1 enough to la V claim : tr setd~ff to sec Germany as l;O()ll ll>- he was old O 1 cntcr('d the 1{1'111\' to b • .ru uncnts of tl1c cooi1cr's trade. In 1880 he 1 nnd, follm1ing 1; 11 hon:~:bl; ~.th;-ce yc~rs of compulsory militnry service, murk, to net o . tlic f tsc 18 rgc Ill 1883, he went to Jutland, D en..., orcman O f l • ] 1 n .t niry fnm1. Thcl'e h e met and mttt'l'icd t l' dnughtcr of n D . ·I I scurcch- n vent· nftci· tnl ll~s public official, Miss l\foriane Nelsen, and r nited · •Stat,.~ · bound f1c11· marnnge • I X b , .,, or th ·c1c1 t 1c •voung couple embarked for the ' c ru.sku, they ·t d f e mt lewcstcrn farm country. In Omaha, R itw]'Ills. Y,voming • s oppc II or a . b_rte • f t·1me, and from thence• moved on to 6nn Y arrl\' sp d h • , • R oc-k Springs where tbe-v were to • l'n t c rest of ti · .• mg m 1e1r 11Ycs Tl ' ., • le young German found work almost im- mediately a s n track laborer for the Union Pacific R ailroad, and later became an outside workman for the Coal Company. Following this he worked as a miner in old No. One Mine a nd continued to work underground unt il he was nppointcd Chief o f Police of R ock Springs, a position he held for four years under 1\layors George H. Goble and \,Villiam K. Lee. D uring this period hl' kept in mind the lessons taught him by his frugal father, and he saved enough money b_y 1900 to establish a business of his own. H e chose cont racting- because it seemed in t hat swiftly growing com1nunil _y to offl' I' the 1110:. t promis ing opportunities. Capable, honest, a nd shrewd, he found all lite wo rk he could handle, and he prospered, one of his 111 rgcst con I 1·ucts thn t of the building of the old R ock Springs-Green Hiver highway i11 1911. ' 'C'J1Tis." ho11 c.·, er, was not absorbed in the contracting business to t!Je exdusion of o lhl'I' iMe rests. \Vhcn he s11w opportunities to enter other fields, ;111d then• 1n•n' 11m11y of these, he did not hesitate to take them. H e opened ,rhnt 1111, r bccnml· the )Icgeath Coal ~ l ine at the western edge of the ci ty . nnd frnm it deli,·er cd coal by wagon to residents of the community. H e 111:.u clt,,·rtoped II large trnnsfcr company, headed b~1 his son, ,John. H is cnlt-l'J'l'ii-ing finge r wa • in hnlf 11 dozen pies and his money was inYe:-h•cl in nlnrn-.1 nll uf them. In 1917, however, he began to uuload his interest:., t urned ll1l' I nu1-,fer bt1siness over to his son, becoming, howen.'I', P m,idcnl- of the Roel, Spring~ Fuel Company, with mines nt Superior, Wyoming. ) fr. Bunni11g hacJ come to R ock Springs to build a substantinl futun' for his family , and this he had succeeded in doing, but l1is satisfnctio11 was to be short-)i\'cd. His dcnrlv loved wife died on November 21, 1921, just a~ he had nttnined success.· Something went out of his spirit with her passing: it wns n shock from which he never folly recovered. \Vith hi:; wife gone nnd with nothing Lut tl1e management of the coal company to kceµ him busy. he looked nbout for a new outlet for his restless energ.v, f 220 221 - .... ,..__ - - --··, · ... . -=-?~- --- Bitter Creelc romping through the heart of Rock Springs in April, 1924 �r 222 litSTOll\' OF UNION PA CIFIC COAL MINES THE CRUSADING MAYOR finding it in city politics. P eter B_unning was not a m~n designed fo. failure of nny kind, and when he decided to s tand for election for the offi 1 f ::'\In)·or he did not foil. On Januttry 1, 1924, a Jeni· nfter his ent ce ? he took over his • ne\\. t·1ti e a nd I11s • . ne". 1.espons1bdihes. . .. . rnnce ointo , politics, First among these_ ~·cs pons_ibiliti~s_, he felt, _was Bitt~r Ci·cek. The creek, an open sewer, l,01hng p enlousl) mto flood 111 the s pring, nnd ~lllelling to hen Yen durino- the long dry sea son, chose Io <>verflow the Aµ .. after the new l\fnyo~'s inaugurnti~n. 'l'he dugo~1ts that lined its bun~1s1 in the pioneer dnys of R~ck Sprmgs hnd. pers1l>t c~l, . and a number or families hnd e,·en ,·enturcd mto the channel itself, budding and filling, _ til cYery flood inundtttccl ~ozcns of ho1!1cs. The flood o f 192 J. wns 110 1111 c-:-;:. ception. Simultaneously with the carrying On of rc:..,•m· wo 1·!- and snlvngc, i\Ia vor Bunnino- began n c rusade to convert the hnYn rclmh a nd pcl>tilent str~nm into th~ beginning of n modcrn snnibtry l>y, t, m. T he flood hud pressed home 1rn unhappy lesson to the citizens of R od Springs, nnd the,· offered willing cooperntion with the mayor. Forty lw t1, c, 11 l•re moved t~ the new Lowell Addition du1·ing the following month,. bu t t h ii. civic ,·it·tory was only the first step in the mayor's program l h· p t·oposed, hl' told the citizens. to 1111tke fnr-renching chnnges. The Cit ,. Engineer 11· 11:directcd to make cet'tnin sunevs. The assistance of i1w l 11ion 'Pncifil' R1tilroud and The U nion Pncifi~ C'onl Com puny cng i11c1•1·:.. ,1 11, solicited. Plans wet'c drnwn up for the following projects : 1. Instnllation of a complete snnitnry i:,cwagt• ,-y,te111. 2. Di\-crsion of Ditter Creek nround the main portion nf th<' (•it)·· 3. Filling thc old chnnncl of the creek thrnugh the c ity . -1-. Extension of the storm sewer systc111. 5. Extension of the storm ditch, which emptied into the c rl rk nt a spot where the creek wus to be filled, so that it would empty into the new channel. S~ well had "Chris" Dunning sold his people on the idea, that they ,·otcd, m two bond issue rlections, n total of $425,000 for the work, and t!ie Fnion P1~cific interests offered their support in these impro,:cmcnts. ( onhncts ?ctng u~rarded, the work wus begun in July, 19:H. Eilts Hudman, th~ C.ity Engmce1·, aided by l'nion P acific· engineers, hncl undertnkcn th e prehnnnury sun·cys, but it wns )In vor Dunning who wns to sec thnt the. work went through nccording to ~diedule. In this mutter. his ':-"1.> cncncc as_a co)itrnctor stoocl him in good stead. D espite n painful 11~st .Jury :.;u nmcd 111 n recent automobile accident the muvor stoorl Ins g_rou,~d: duily he dro,·c ovc1· miles of bumpy, grn;el rond, ~cting as combmahon fui·<'mnn nnd s uperintendent. Once when someone expressed cloubti-; ns to his nhility to accomplish the tnsk with the funds provided, he anin:·crcd thl• cludlcngc by calling in three citizens, the cashiers of three l'lt.}· h·rnk . t 0 a·t h · · r.}' d nu I t c accounts as well ns to scrutinize eve n' s, olJar expe tlcd. His arm, crushed at th~ clbow refused to hea1 ; he was ' 223 • d 1' ffi culty in adhering to his policy of using local lnbor wherever ·btc ·: u nd the complaints of citizens who were forced lo move ha ,•ing it was, po~s\he construction w01·k came almost fnstcr than the hanicd O bccnu:sc Id ~ettle them, but he managed to attend to nil of his duties ~Inyor ~-~~llli,; with the proj ect until it was finished. Bitter Creek was ,uicl to I conni rtcd into n street, the creek channel wns detoured from filkcl_ up nncll tinbow A\'cnuc to a point west of E lk Street, where it agnin Po111t • Crec k· cImnne I, nn d a comp Iet e so.m·ta1·y ll I on ·ti til 1c o ri ,,.innl D1tt<'r unitec wli l • rre sv~km wns instnlled. All of the work was completed by 111id flooc :-1:,1 n" • fl d . tl th • . rin r of J!l2(i. On July 10th o f th~t yenr_n oo as scr10~1s o.s . ie c ~P 19i-J. l'llOH.' d o1111 , but instead of mundut,_ng homes, washing o.wo._y Olll' in • ,,d d r i, inrr fnmili es to s prcnd then· beds on the roof, this )()S>.C'-SIOII,., ll ~ 1 f ti . t t I 1timc• .. I • the 1·u -. img 11•·i • l.' r wns merely . . · u sp cctuc c or 1e miners o wo. c 1. )[nycir n11 n r11nJ(, f.11tli \\'U S .1usl1fied . ~ >ro j,, t ,1 n-. of an entirely different n~ture. As a young • • • . _H_1s t ~-d 1n,··· had brought with him to Amcncn whut hus been ,mm1g1 tlll • • ·hi ,en-.c of order, p ermanence and beauty. H e came cnllccl nn O_ltl 11't' '.'.111 11 f stn telv trees nnd parks, and he missed the p~rks. < ' • • • f k • R ck Springs from nn 11111 11 H is fril•nd-- ,,nil~d ,~ hl•n he hrnuchecl the idea o \f~ar~; E:cn the sag~ • __;_ u~ • ~,:a! • • _ _,...:,1~1 • •• • •~ ~.. ·•~ - -.-.;A-;..; ~ -:-i.·' "' ~~ -.. • • 7• ..... k' • ~ -. -..,. -.:_J"(_, ,f, ~ ~ ~( ~~.,, _.., \ --=~ ~--'?°...,:~ ..(._. 1~ . - "';.6. ;,,,,...,,;-: - .. :,.; :- ... 1~-:~~~~~~~; brush had to struggle to live in that soil! The i\I a y O r' s persistence won ·him the aid ofC the sympathetic Coal omP."11)', how c v <' r, nnd u. th u 5 encourngecl, he cl•osc ..... park site at ll . place where the c1·cek orice }ind been. Wntchu ~~~~f1;~·i ~~:d ~ho~-~~:::~d' laughed nn en c 1 " Bunning's Folly," but within a. short time the -~ -:__~;1 "Folly" had become a • •• =-.. . • f n pre. d • IO park o no men Corn<'r of creek bot/om before being ma e w tensions. Where s n g e ll1111ni11g /'urk. brush 110.d d roopcd, . t . The persistence of the • • 'bl e, but it wnsI dI ue. gruss thrived. It was 11npossi won out. 1 • stocky little mun w1'til tiic "·I1ite mustnc ic lll · ti t di• his accomplishment Ill lO. . He nttncked the streets next. T~dny f f . nd three-tenths nnles O • • • "ti can t - the h111•v1ng oui nacccpted PJ~ cidlv nncl rection seems ms1gm k I10les were · w·t1 of paving but in 11 city where c uc d . ·edible proportions._ . 1 l •mcreused 't11xes were no t , t iu•s task assumeaiblc mcisuccess, howe,.ci.· Citizens, the lighting of the streets he had more tanb ~.-~ • ·-:f ~ ·:::-::~, :r·. - · ~- _.,·?.:1 • - --~~ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~_._.._._~·~ _, l;; 0 · .-:,::: �HISTORY OF UN ION P ,\CIFIC COAL MINES 224 T1-1 E Cnu sAO INC MAYott it seemed, were perfectly content to rattle nnrl bump over d streets, but they_ liked to be nble to sec t!1c " s]1ell holes." 'I'he ~~~]~- ~itted the mntter up with the Southern Wyoming Electric Comp l ~o~ took only~ mnttcr of u short time before lights blazed nt C\"cr,~ ~yt noel it ,1•ns . I I . . s i·ect co I. 'fhesc were by no means t 1e on y cons tructive changes mu l b ner. Dunning in his city. _One of l~is last major contributions w,:sc tln?o1· of the ends of the Lmcoln Highway nt the cn st ern nnd west".11 11• ~iking · SueI1 no • Icnt c1·1 • • )rnd hccn ~tirrcd"'l n11ts• 0 f • the c1tY. 1 1,crences o f opm1on r oute ~f the higlnrnv through the city that the fcclc ral and st 11'Pt over the • I • I • c ""o,·cr,1 ments hnd refused to attempt to so ,·c t 1e problc111 nnd had !>toi "'i 1 . . · 1 ·t ]" ·t I • paving opcrnhons nt t 1c c1 y um s. t 1·cma111cd for ) l anH· 13 >))Cl 111 • t 1c1r f I f 1 • u n n · 1 • I t o btnm t 1c ne<•c;;snry ng 1 o way nnc a cc end npp1·01>rialion ·I · ,11{ to · t c ,- trcct nnd a 1nnclcrn ~tccl' h\I .•IIIt I l'l•· sul ted .111 t 11c 1.uu1']cJ"mg o f a concrc close the city-wide gnp in the highway. lit 1-{C lo tt?c After tl'n yl·n1·s as )Inyor, he r: tirct~ fro111 p ublic lit\ 011 ,Jiuiunry 1 193-~. So popular hnd he become dun11g 111s term" ot offke t hat ti e . •.• ' I I :ill\ Ill" . I> k s . I11\CI ~rown up Ill , uc • ... prmgs t rnt _,rnyonc who 1'11 11 ll!!ain:.t "Cl;ris~ Runmng for :\foyor would be automahcnlly clefcnt l,I. 0 11 t he cYcnin of Fl'brnnry 8th he rccci,·ccl an uro-cnt call to meet 0111· o f hi, r1-·1,.11c1"· 1•11gtl ·t ·1 1 1 • 1 ~ ll· ct y co~111c1 c mm 1ers 1_11 1c 1t_y Hnll. H e wns la lt· t o t l,l· mcetin~ bccnuse 111s daughter had ms1stc<l tlwt lie dinngc the old ,uit lw was wen rill" f~r better clothc1-. and wh~,~ he nrriY~d Ill' found the fril·ncl II a, :!Olll'. but 'Ill~ _told the man wa:; wnihng for hun at thl' F.(k.., ll11mc. Till' mnn wns w111tmg_; so were one hundred others of the city·,. kacling business nnd profes!lronnl men. nll of whom hnd gatht•rccl to k nckr him n tt,,.timoninl ! c~ .. A 225 anquet. The most prominent represcntutives of capital I d I b b . . t •. f . b h C . ! n n or were athohc. nnd Protestan t cI1urchcs. 1 c1 s 10m ·ot tllere' ns were ·minis Friend t1ftc1: f ncnc ros_c to pr~1se Ml'. ~unnmg and his splendid work of the United'[' work.• , t me . " formerd mtcrnnbonnl President . . J ohn P. \\'lute, ers called I11m n goo counse1or, n sn 1c friend, and one who al, ' · d " d h vnys exercised his .best .JU . gmcnt, . nn t e coal ~ompanfs President, ~Ir. Eugene ~IrAuldl c. dcscnbcd_ the m1provcmcnts m _the city, for which the retiring :\l nyor wa:. rcspons1blc. :\t the c~nclus1_on of the dinner a wntch wo.s presented to ~lnyor Bunnmg, bennng this engraving: "Presented to P. B_un~1i11~, F ('~ll"111t ry 8, 1;3'~! by loyal ~itizens of Rock Springs, in npprcc111tion of lw, h•n years fn,thful service ns Mayor of our City." c. In the <.un11111 r of H>35 :\Ia_v111· Bu11 111nf " bod_r began to gi n wny, for he had "ork1•1l long nnd hn rd nil h i, li f, . und hnd gi,·en lti m~1·lf ,, ii hout stint 111 hi-.. f.unilv, hi:- l,usinc,-,, n11d h·is citY. He wn, eonfi nccl to his· bed. and to,1 ard the end of Juh· ltis condition bcca11;c :,; n serious thnt it wn-, ncccssnn· to issue bulletins for th·e nrnny anxious townspeople who inquired nbout his t·ondition. He hnd no illusion!! himself about his illness. He had nhni.ys kept so firm n grasp on life thnt he . . • knew instantly wlwn it Memorial to 1:. C. Bunning, unvei~ed in Bunning began to slip nwny. Park. Rock Springs, August 21, 193 • During the second week f } • • . were pcr1111·ttecl• to visit • tc ft•nnly • m August onlv members o us 1mmc 10. • • • ti him, nnd on s·unday night, August 18th, he po.sscd nwny qme Y· . , h ti -irrnnl for a city-wide dcmPctcr Christinn Bunmng s dent wus ie :, '? 1 d t home. So mo.oy onstration. Truckloads of flowers rolled up to_ ]us/ ~ 1-~s ms neccssarv to persons wished to pay their Inst respects to Ulu~ iap ·Ii' Coo.I Comp.nny h old t hc service · m · t I1e b"1g nu d"t • m of T he . mon I ortu . . . dnet n croclnmation reOld Timers' Building. l\Jnyor "\"Valt~r A. l\{mr ~i;s~e th~ funeral ser,·ice. 11 questing nil business houses in the cit): to clor u' 1e burjnl be simple, I Mr. Bunnin" had 1·cqucstcd before ]us dent m 1 uld want to do but how cmtld even he have know'? how mnuiope~a ~ow~ount how man)" honor to his memory. Peter Bunmng never s PP a· tfi Bunniu,,0 /'url· I00I . -- , • · w111t • u i:eh-el)· ' <'Ill" Eas1L1·urd Fl • • coIor. t rees ,·,, ,nan:,· tanelles ,,r/ . • ' mc,•rs riotous zn J o e11 selling. �► HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MtNES. Tm: CRUSAD ING MAYOR _. . h d. H e was too busy mnking ~m overgrown mining camp into f1 iends he _a Tlie People of Rock Springs were not to forget Mayor a modem city• As the yenrs pass Bunning Park grows more and more lovely, and • hours of the summer days mnny of those who knew dur111a tlie twiliaht "' nnd l~•ed 1\Inyor Dunning come to rest, see and remember. 226 Bunning. ,1 • t ft "l 21, 193u, JUS n Yl'l\l' n c1· l, n yo1· BunF l'l'da Y a ft er noon ' August On • • • • d 1 • • · " · • dcnt1. I I\• g1en . t C·orH·ou,·sc of c1b;,:cns·rnn1 1tr mu. c1I sf o f 'nt I r. 11 111b,7 11111,,.,S . Dun r 6 : B Ulllllllg • p Ill·k to dedicate u beau ti u mcmor1a oun am o rosl'met Ill colored granik. 227 "ERECTED TO THE i\IE::\IOHY OF PETER CHRISTIAN' BL\'i\l~G ::\IAYOR OF ROCK SPRIXGS 1923 to 1933 WHOSE LOYE OF BEAl'TY ! ~SPIRED THE BCILDIXG OF THIS PARK IN 1926" Such is the cnrn~d inscription that the memorinl bears, 11-. it rc~b; enthroned in the garden of trees, shrubs, nnd flowers, thn t were planted by the mun who saw more in life thnn gathering dollars. ::\Inyol' \Vatter A. :\Iuir in his introductory address said: "When those who nre now listening to the sound of my ,·oice nre stilled in death, the residents of Rock Springs who come nfter us, thci1· children nnd children's d1ild1'l·n. will hold in deep affection the mnn who hnd conceived and worked out tl1c 111:rnv impro,·emcnts now enjoyed, not the lenst of these this l,cn~tiful pnrk." Other!. spoke fittingly nnd The rnion Jlncific Coal Compnny band, led by Jumcs Sartoris, plnycd npproprintc nirs. Eugene :\lcAuliffo nh.o :.poke, saying in part: "We n1·c not honoring 'Chris' Bunninrr in dedicating this beautiful memorinl to his mcmor)·, but inst~nd \\'C nrc honoring 011rsc>lnis, whose privilege it wns to know him to work with him, and to live with him. This bcnutifu) mcmorinl fo~ntnin lo<•1ltccl immedintdy in front of the monument cr<>ded to. the mem~ry of the men of Ho<'k Springs an<l ,·ic·init,r who died in the Great Wnr, in a sense <'mnplctes the c·onli~c·_rntion of Bunning :\fomorinl Park, nn<l I know thut those of ~ur c1hzcns who Ion• beaut_y and who come down here t? sc>c un<l ~11JO)' the same, will, through the medium of this memorial, be rcmmdcd of the thougl1t thnt inspired this lovelv park, and st I trn thnt our prc•~ent :\In \"or's succesf.or, whoever he ~ight be and whcnt•\'CI' Jin 11111,· . • t • ffi ·11 . • th .. • comt• 111 o o cc, nn<l whutc,·er happens, w1 mn.rntum e ~tnndnrd of care established by our late friend and his su ccessor, ::'lluyor :'\Iuir." • () �THE MEASlJRE OF H UMOR CHAPTER XXIV. The Measure of Humor Tells !,ow humor is the salt tl,~t savo:s life, of Ju'.slice Patrick Clancy, Rock Spruzgs as Paul Bunyan • wooJ s. f'.l-, ow "' rr;, 1sconszn_ ong. C., hinc:ie 1111J, " Bube." !,is Blue Ox, are int ie stable boss. broke and harnessed certain recalcitrant nwies and how ''Whislcers,'" a mule accustomed to work on _alternalc days. refu sed_ to_ ll'?rk out of his turn, and how Quong Fat, a Clun~se converted to Ch:istiamty, f o~got his religion when a refraclory mule failed to respond to lw1dly persuaswn. • as nionumenwl a legendary figure m qm1e I 117. 66THE min~trcl:;y of the coal mi11er, whil~ t~ne~ to a minor-~~.\', does ut times convey u measure of bumor, I resident i\l cAul 11l c wrote in "The Romance and Tragedy of Coal." About t he lJUllLS of Southem Wyoming hus grown up a weulth 0£ anecdote an? ~tory, itmoun Hng to a sort of folk lo1·c of the underground, and contu1nrng, a s .\Ir. :.\lcAullifo pointccl out, u measure of humor. A full measure it is, a mca \u·e heaped and ornrflowing. There urc the stories of the Scot, t old i_n <lialcct, and U1e stories of the Chinese and the sto1·ics of the 'W elshman, ,rncl. in a class by itsc_lf, there arc the stories of the inimitable Justice P iltrick Clancy. So mnuy things l1uvc been said about the Justice in the ycnrs that came niter his deuth, that he has assumed the proportions of a lcgenduTy figure, ttnd it would be as difficult to vouch fo1· t he trnth of the -incidents told about him as it would be to prow that St. Patrick did not d1·ivc the snakes out of Ireland. In the shuffle of the years the nnmc of the small mining community where "Judge Pat" presided us Justice of the P ence luts been lost, and cYen the description of how he looked but he must have bcc_n a strapping big Irishmtrn witl1 the stamp of E;.in full ou his face, and he_ n~ust have lived in Southern ,vyoming becuuse it is then• thnt tl~e most mmme'i ~omn:iunities claim him. Under Judge Pat's g enial Irish e) e ~1 host of difficulties were settled, both in and out of con rt, for the Justice 11' 11S not one to confine himself to the courtroom in his role of nrbit~r, nud i~ n miner came to hjm with u problem, the Justice would willingly pick up !us hat and saunter off to the scene of trouble. . On one_ occasion a miuc.r uumcd .Mike, a friend of the Judge, as were ;:~,!l~~men ~1'.. the. connnunitJ:, dec1u.red his jutention of suing bis landlord. . c cc'.1 lnmg 111 one of his houses" :\like explained "and kecpincr my 0 cluekens m th l, t • L ast mg • h ' ' t the water pipe broke and flooded the • e nsemen basemeut und drown d 11 cl • k f f c 11 my • 11c ·ens. I want to sue for damages or ti I led odssto kmy cl_iickt:ns." Judge Pat, who liked his judicial office and int en c O ·ecp it' pursued • usua1 po1·icy of conc1hahon, ·· · · "l • Ius snyrng. 228 229 don' t bdicve I can give you any judgment in the · . t . The miner insisted, however, thut the Judge comec~,~~:~:/h:es, n-Iikc." lool< at the cell a r and the dead chickens and the J <l t1 house to u ge, no at all un. . • d I .. . , wllbugh, uccompanie um to Ins dwelling following 11•1 d ti b " • . AnkJ d • ' J n own •1c nsement s ta~ 1~. 1 "~ ecplv~~ wutcr, Judge 11ut turned to his friend and suid, J?Os1tivc y, l oldw,l· 1 ,be, your ~as~ isn't any good. Faith, and it's not cluckens ye s 10u un•c een kapm' m this basement, but ducks!" Another story is told where the situation wus reversed this fm la_ndlord. being the plaintiff _and n tenant_ the dcf~udant. Tiic tcn:nt: : widow WJth several small children, was bemg sued for eviction. Pat had previomdy see~ the County Commissioners and made anangernents foi· the payment o~ t he r ent. ,Vhcn the case came to trial, Pat listened gravely to all f he tesbmon.y, a ud made. the following decision, "Lady, you cnn sta_y in that house ,Just as long as you want to, and no one can put you out." T lw hiwycrs fo r the plaint iff made serious objections to this rnling, asking the Judge where he found any law to justify such a strange decision . .Judge J>,tt replied, " That's a law of my own, which I keep for just such emergen cies us tliis." TJ1e Iri h judge was respected by eve.ryone in the mining town, but cspeciall_y l,_r the Cbjnese, who were frequently brought before him for min or infrudion ... a nd w!to, in consequence, had every 1·eason to want to keep on good t el'1ns with him. ~hey 1r~re very cure!ul that no action of thcirs or of uoy member of thcu· fonuly should n~ront th~ Judge, und this feeling extcutk·cl c1·en t o the dogs. On one occus10n a Chmese severely scolded his <lo•r for barking at Pat, in the foU011ring words: "Whnssll mnltnh }' OU l,~hkmn bahkum ullee time? I no likee you bahknm white • ?" bos ee mnn.' You no 'savvy white bossee mun wI1cn you see Ium. \Yheo Juage Pat was first elected Justic~ of the Pea~e it was the custom fo1· the Justices to retain all fees as then· remuneration. H~wever, ufter a nmubcr of years n. new luw was passed, placing the J ustices of • and ' r t'!qmrmg • • ti1em t o 1em1 • ·t tl1e1·•·• fees • One the P eace on a salary, . morn• • • d.1st nc • t where Pat was Judge ' admg the examiner came to t ]1c muung d vising him that he had come to check bis books. Ju~gc Pat consent~ graciously turned over his accounts, and discreetly disappeared for t 1 remainder 'of the day Retm·ning in the evening, he asked, "\iVell, bye, unc • J udge I've 1 • " . . 'hi ru bbed h'15 ch"n how are. ye comin' a •long?" The exammer worked on these books all day," he admitted, "and I ca,n't mak~ noyt ng out of them." TVith a smile the J udge said, "Ye haven t unyt.ht~g on mef bye I've. had 'cm for years 'and haven't been able to mak7anytlu~' out 0d 'em' either." The ex:amine1'. left that night without huvwg st ratghtene out the books. • k Clancy n.re 1egi·on.• these The stories of Judge Patnc . few. presenteu ll 1\,,.ost "Tyommg romers cou c t k f tl f here scarcely touch the sur ace o ie s oc • J.•J. • • • . nt order cap them with a dozen more. There arc other stones, ~f a d~ffeihe . . r' . • t ns well liked, m t e 1ore o as fam1·1·1ar and JUS however, that are JUSt 1 �230 HISTORY OF UNION PACTFIC COAL MINES the underground, and these arc the anecdote~ of tl11tt bcnst who:;e only ·ti Juclgc• Pat wus an unalterable 1ndcpendeucc of charncter • Hp Wl l r k.IDSI• The reference, in short, 1,; to the mu~c_- fh c m~lc ha~ _alwnys been prcfcncd for mine wm·k on account of its 111;pltty und its ability to take care of it• tight place something wl11c\1 a horse c.locs 11ot seem to be able to seIf 111 u , . k• S 1 \\1 • do. The mules purchased for mme wor • in out 1cm ;rnming were l1tt·gely bought in Knnsns City, and were n~l Cllstcrn 01· nudwestcrn ?reel. be. ti·n,.tnble and u-cntlc. Ou one occasion, however, n number of wc,- tcl'n mg ' b • I d I• mules were purchased, wluch proved not to 1. ue ~o 1111·11 c • 11 ~et It _w:u.. both difficult nnd dangel'oUs to get nenr them, nn~ "?ng, I he ChtrH.'~l' 111 d1ui·gc charge of them d11ri11,r Of the mnin bnrn ' who was brriven the duty of •ttdung I • b a probntionary period before they were pu~ Ill t IC mine?. wa,- morc than 11 little ner,·ou:i when he wus forced to come Ill contact with tlw111. 'fhc first thing thut ,vong did wus to uttnch a fifty fnot b1gt-l1 of rope to the halter of euch und ~ive them the run ~f the corrnl. Then nll thut was necessary when he dl.'s1red to tuke them into the ... table wus to rcucl, down t1ucl pick up the ends of the ropes, thus obviitling I l1c necessity of coming within range of flying hoofs and ,·icious teeth. Once in the stalls, howe,·er, the problem was how to hurness a nd unliarn,·, , thern, anti Wong puzzled long nnd desperately befor e he found the solution by making a long hook with n handle, whereby he could s tand al n rrspcctful distance while working with the hnmess. One morning wh ilc ,vong wus manipulating the hook to put n hnlter on n mule, another cmployc hennl the Chinese youth talking to the restle~:; little bcn!-ts in nn ndiniring fashion. "I no likl'c you, you heap clnzy mules," \Vong wn • tdling them frankly. "You no got sense. Bos~ee man I think so not got muchcc sen~c buyum you. He tnlkee he pay one hundled twentv- fi n ~ Jollnh one mulcc. I no pay tiYe cent nllce bunrh. Bosscc man pay h~np money for you; you rntchee too_ mucl1rc chow chow; you likec ,-Jecp corral llll day: you no likce work. I tl11nk :.o you pletty smaht mulce. You fool ec bo,-,-l•c man too muehce." Although 11\ost of the mule drin•rs were Chinese, one of the men wn:11 _Welshman. The forcmnn had picke<l him out from his buddies in thl' mines because he seemed to be sonwwhnt more n_lt-rt and intelligent, uncl nppcarccl to have_ the 11111te1·i11l for a good haulage man. In conse<jut•ncc, .Toe s~on foun~l h1lllsclf dri,·ing a mule in a section of the mine which was somctnncs subJect to squel.'zes. One da}' in goina up one of the rooms with nn empty cnr~ the mull' stopped and r~fuscd to ~novc further. J oc trudg,•d up to the 111111llllls hcud and found that during the night u squccY.e hnd dcYclopcd nn<l the roof of the roadwav wns too low for the mule to "0 th;·ough. Seizing a pick, Joe attacked the roof with enthusiasm, and "~s 11 st ; Y opp~d by the sharp cxclumation of the foreman, who came into the oom_ut tlus moment. "Joe, vou idiot" snid the foreman "don't '-'OU know t l,at 1f You d" • tl f •• ' • J like that you're liable to bring the whole top down on• You~igy Ill -Ile roo Id d' • . .d • • ou "wu tg a place out of the bottom" To which J oc re· p)te ' "D')•e tb·Ill k• I'm crazy, it's his head that won't go• through!" THE MEASURE OF H UMOR 231 All of the men had g1·ent respect for the mules' I d , I •. d c cvcrncss an stubornness . . I'o t u :s en one former cmplo'-•e relates tl1e ·t f t b • • • •• • ., . . !:i ory o wo oId the I cti I cd list, whose pension consicted of • · ti1c lll ulc~• pl need on . . . . " gruzrng m sun nil d1ty, with the light duty of pullmg the tool wagon of Robert Muir's chain gung between the shop at ~o. One Mine and the job, wherever that hnppe11cd to be. 011 nltcmn.te days. The grey mule was named ""Whiskers" 11110 the roan mule "Big Head," because 11e had such an enormous craniu;n thnt uo collar but h_is o,,·n would fit over his head. "It was my duty each morning. l~ccau ·c I lived nea r the barn," the Old Timer related, "to harness the mules rn !-lll'II_ and tnk_e the wn gon to the shop for the tools. This particular mormng it was Big H ead 1s turn to report, which he would faithfully do by s ta nding quietly nt the manger in the middle of the corral." Dig. H t·nd'~ collu r wns dnmaged, howeYer, and Arthur D ixon, the barn boss, ckcln red l 1111 t, n 1his ke rs would have to go out again th1lt morning, (ncking 11unthe1· c·ullar that would go over the other mule's hend. The employe n·ndL, Lhut he went to " 7 hisker::; to put the rope over his hend to h nd him to the h a rness in the barn, when "he very indignn.ntly jun,ped mrny from me and ran all over the con-al with me after him. I had to gi,·e up the chase and go tell Arthur he would have to help me to ca.td1 till' hiuhl y offended Whiskers. It took both of us u long time to cntch him bc•e~u,·r h e knew it ,1•1ts not his turn. I always thought Big H ead sn 1il~d. T hi,, was nbout the time the miners first organized in Rock Spri1ws und it 111av be he hnd caub"ht -the spirit." .. h ' • In order to cope with the intelligence sho:1·n by the rnu~es, the Conl Company assigned some of its most unclerstandmg men a~ dnvers. quon_g Fnt w11s ouc sud1 11rnn. a Chinese who had been n school mstructor m lus own co1111trv whe re he had been converted to Christianity. His first contad with n ;1;ulc c,ur1e when he was told to handle some mine cars filled )vith rock, which wa:; being cleaned out of an old nir cour~e in_ one of the mmcs. Despite hi c<lucntion. Quong was not successful m Ins first _efforts to • t dcaI of t"me mnnage the mule, and •he ,-pent a g1ea 1 , 1·t was noticed the1·eaftC'r in hanc,•ing wistfully about the mule stables where the more s~tc' • b • • ti1e11 • . ch a1ges . fo1• tl1e day. One mornmg ccssful dnvcrs were prcpnrrng the mule boss went to Quong's place of work to look the n~ule over n.nd_ to n-i\"c nnv instrnctions thnt might be needed. On appr_oaclnng the wldorkmg "' • wns shocked to hear a toHen t o f p10 . f a mty . that wou 1lfiYC place he • d Am • donc justice to the most hard-bot 1e encan mu Ic-s kmner • •. H" . • rcmon• . . . . b d I e for a Christian strated with Quong telling him 1t wns a nnguag d to . use d • • • • ti111t I1~ hn rccc1YC. . nncl th1lt he should not forget the rehg1ous trammg . Chma . m Quong waved these remark·s awo.y .• "When I religious k Smnn• lll Chinn I talk politclv to class room boys, and when I come Roe· pnngs . • • t e " •ith' but helksome· mmes I nlso talkee same language to mu1cs I associa f • 1 t I • 11 how do not understand. I politely exp ess o m, lllld he do not wa u• , 1or· . l1e on1Y s h n ke I1e"d~ nnd long enrs. ,,, icn " ~ " wards when I request so to ]11m, 1 ·1· f b my big boss come my plnce he not have sm1 mg ace, 11t he look me. close b ·tY • s1w '' Vhcm you start mo,·c t h"1s 1ock s qmc • kl Y?' I tlv to explnnt nnd J •• I c.1·u.J ou t• • d t bod,·s wl11ch m no mulc·s, but he not listen; wa.lk away an say o some ., �232 HlSTORY or UNION PACIFIC CoAL MINES TRE l\11r,:,1sunE OF Hmmn . b0 ot hcncl:; made Hom woods.' rrhcn I decide to do some-see.' 'C)uncse g morning big • mu Ics I1ousc un d. 1·1s·t en t o "I 1· so I O Y cvcly h e 1can mule t~ngs, s ghow he talk mules. No! no! not pol1tcl_y, but when he talk, dlivers boy ' f l"I so I decide to t ly t hat Mclic1u1 mule boy language mules t11ey move as .. , I 1 f' ·t work plett)' good. )Jules 1c 1110,·e p etty u:.t, and locks on my mu Ics and 1 . he disappear out qmckec. . • . . "I think when big boss come ngnm he happy ubout locks 1110,·111g nn<l will hnYc lots of smiles with his face.'' nnother note was struck by a former mil road 1:mploye A11d s t ·11 l • • work-, 01· . . Allred who chosen subJect t Imt 1·1cs c Iosc t o ti 1c 111111c . J amcs 1ver ~" \\' I I , ., 1·r ti t ·s "Will the mine work tomorrow. 1cn t 1c ,·crscs that e1 s i e, 1a • ' . I . 1 ti t bl ,, '-" f llow were written the gnlnxy of mine w 11st cs _lit c,1 '' on, or "no ,:ork," were on their way out, "Cent ml,'.' "Blu1 rt own" a n<l "~ady Megeath." Only n few months later tl~e boiler p1unts at thc:-c nnnes were closed dO\m. The energy they supplied could be pu1·cltnscd more che~tply from The rnion Pacific Coal Company's power plunt at Hock Sprrngs, and so another chnnge took plucc. "OPERA OF THE :\IINE \YHISTLES'' "Just as four o'clock comes crcepin' round In the lazy summer time, A little opera tukes place with the town 0£ Rock Sp1·ings as the stnge, and, Strangest of 11U, the various coul mines are the actors. As the ltunds of the clock reach the hour of four It'1 u cue for the opera to begin. First, from the southeast end of to,rn, Comes the rich baritone of the Central Blaring forth one long blast and n short one, J.ctting ull know that the mine will Again rob Mother Earth of her black power on the morrow. "Blairtown next blazes forth tl fine tenor Yoice That swells as it proud)~· sours o'er the housetops And hills of that mining town, And, 1H1 the silvery notes slowh- fodc 11way, With thei1: echoes still haunting tlte valley, • The mmcrs nod and say to each other 'Just as I thought, she nin't going to ' 'i\lork but two dn:vs again this week.' "While the men launcl; forth into the favorite talk 0£ the future of coal mining and kindred subjects Ludy }legeat_h takes the stage umid the applause .of the switch engine on the railroad track As it,calls for a clear crossing at 'C' Street. lcr_r modestly, she lifts her benutiful contralto voice rro the fluffy, white clouds overhead, and, . ' 233 After nn encore of a short solo, Accompanied by the rnmbling of the 1·ouml-housc t\ll'ntnble, She has 111forme<l her miners thnl 011 the 11101"1"ow they'll huvc a holidny. "Now comes the feature of the late afternoon, )lone other thnn Mr. U. I'. ut Number four, C:ren l i~ the stir ns he gal11tntly takes the stage Amid the shouting of gigantic l,oilcrs and loud humming Of the: generators nt his feet. Now he bursts into song with deep-throated bass That he only can produce, For hi,- song is usually the longest of all, '.\I nny men in hi:, cmplo_r 1111d he must please them, So pours fo1·th his melodious notes, Thundering back 11n<l fo1·th in echoes, Thnt nil mu:.t repol't in the morning ,\1ul fill the L"nio11 Pacific orders. rrhc miner at rest in his little home J .o\\"Cr~ his paper to inform his wife Thnt he want hnm in his bucket instead of beef.'' Tf nil the humorous and pathetic incidents told of happenings in and ahoul the mine» were plnccd on 1·ecord, there would be little space for history in a modest \'Olume , uch us this. Not less thun fifty distinct races mn~lc their contribution to the working forces in the mines during the past sc,·enty orld yca1·s. ?lluch of whnt was humorous came from the mixture of mcc and t~ngue i,wolved, but whatever the variety we have the authority of that dour old Scot, Thomas Cnrlyle, that "humor has justly been reanrdcd ns the fi11est perfection of poetic genius." The gentle Chinese were in their du r e,·er the innocent charactel's in many stories, of which there wns no better teller thun Mr. George Il. Pr3·dc, whose pigeon English, like his Scottish and English dialect, would, if he had chosen that !'oad, l1avc won l1im plaudits on any vnuclevillc stnge. v'lhc1·e there is humor there is ulways room for hope. �C1Lu1tc1:I 5Pin•:s Ov,rn Ro cK Sr111NGS ANn HANNA CHAPTER XXV. Church Spires Over Rock Springs and Hanna Tells of !he 110rly struggle to estublish the churclws of Rocle Springs, the work of t /11! "J\lart!tas" who th_en as 110 w. se~.v and serve wl,e;~ver Goel 1 ll.iOfh' 1JY .t.11e army O 1/1.ccrs sla• wars·In·/."P" 15 , ~1f ,· of tltc purl• 1uke11. 111 clmrc Clw·,.wsc f S Sprin"s Jollowlflf! !he massacre , I t Roc'r /,one/ a, ,, i, I ·t I So . t'Iplemhcr ·t . 2' 1885. wlw will, !heir comrnuflds rc~wined t.1cre 1111./1 l zc pams , r m:eri_can War · of 1898 look them i11lo ac/iue service. Ho1~• _1!, e seueml pn.nc1.pal churches u:cre buill and of the clerg,•men who m1111slereJ lo tl~e tnP11 of the mines (Ind their families, with a sketch of the work do11c• w Na111w. v 235 scientious man, Bishop Young served his people well for ten years, ?eing followed in 1928 b)I Mr. J oseph I. ,i\7illiam~. It is largely due to t he mflucncl' of Bishop "Williams that the Mormon people have the church and active religious nnd social program that reflect so much credit on t hem today. In 19:33 Ml'. Lyman Fearn took over t he title and responsibility of the office of Bishop, continuing in this capacity until his removal to Green RiYer i11 ,Jnnuary, 1935, when Mr. Cecil S. James became head of the Hnd--, J> ri ugs Ward. Bishop James is still serving his people. • "''l\ras Sunda)I on the quiet st reet And Sunday in the quiet sky. The peace of God looked down to meet And rest the tired hands and feet, Of those who lui<l their labor by." (Author unknown. ) T is a far cr_y from the tall, modern churches of the R ock Sp1·i11gs of today back to the time when young ·w yoming wi fe sat in h er window, Irending the "pruyers fo1· the <lend" from the Bool;: of Common Prayer 11 us n funeral procession passed her door, knowing that in the little mining cnmp there was uo clergyman to read or say a prayer at the gnrvc. During the early life of the tow11 it remained for the pioneer wivcs und mothers to foster the only religious life there wns, un<l this they did h rnvcly, holding religious services in their hon1es, lackiug n regula r meeting pince, and trnining t heir children in wuys spirit ual, unaided by p riests o r rnin isteTs, . In the early seventies man)• l\Iormon people were a ttritcted to Rock Spl'!ngs through the operation of the coal mines. Some of these families ('~me from Ctah, some from the easkrn stutes, und some, who came princ1pnlly from the British Isles, were ,·on\·crte<l t o the faith while li\'i ng iu the t?,1·11: For ~ome years these '(>Cople mniutnine<l a religious organization, n_w~tmg 111 t_herr homes, until :\Ir. John 1\IcBride wns installed its a presidmg elder 111 1875. Se~en years later the church was organized with l\fr. ,Jumes 13. Syme as President, n position which he 111.'ld for four years, before he mov~d _to Lymun, "'yoming. On December 19, 1886, plans were made for buildmg n house of woJ'Ship on the present church site. t he lot don~tc<l ~-'" Mr. Jo:,eph Young-. The church building was completed during 1886, while 1Ir. Soulsby was }>resident of the Church. On i\lny Hi, 1892, th c brnndi ~-lrnreh was orgnnfaed into a ward and Mr. Soulsbv was installed us Bishop, in which capacity he scn ed for thirteen years~ In 1905 :'\Ir. ,follll's• Crnokstor1 ,,,. • t.ed 13·1sh op for the same lengt • )1 of t·rroe, . • '' us• appom 111 au<l he was tu 1"11 succeeded by ::\fr. John B. Young. A capable and con1 234, The ea rliest atlcm1pt to provide forma-1 religious training for childrc'.1 of all creeds in R ock Springs was made in 1876, when Mr. Solomon ~oufl, with t.hc a.id of l\frs. James Tisdale and Mrs. Alice Kicrle, orgam1.cd a Sunday School. conducting classes in the little one-room schoolhouse until the erection of the chmch in 1882. The Sunday School expressed t he nnxi1:I I' o f th<' townspeople to have a contact with the church, and the ;Uissiu.uarv Sol·ietr was not: slow to r ecognize this. In 1881 the Missionary Socid 1· s1.:"11t lhe Rev. George L . Smith to Rock Springs to make a hnuseto-)1111;,,,, <·n nvass in o rder to fincl out how many would be willing to support a dt111'l"h if it were org1u1i1.ecl. A sufficient number of willin~ citizrns was J i\;con-red nnd the l1nion Congregn.tionnl Chm·ch was cstablis~ed on Sept ember Hi. 1881. After o rg,rnizing the chmch t he Rev. l\fr. Smith r eturned tu his hollll' in ~ln:s,rnchnsetts to solicit funds for a building. H e found lllO l'<..' lliau Hit fuud,-, he found a bride. W'ith the money and his young wife, he hastened bat·k t.o Rock Springs to begin the task of erecting tlie chur~h. The members of the church and its friends volunteered to help the rnmisk1· in the co11strnction work, and t he church 11·as soon finished. The prws \l"('rC foshionc<l from flooring 11.nd, a_lthough thc_y were n.ot nt all <'v111 forrnblc, they were in constant use until t he Rev. F. C. L ewts became pn.,ltll". The R ev. l\Ir. S111 itb remained _with the church two yea.Ts, "'.hen he wn,; r elieved bv the R ev. Samuel J ennmg of l\ifont11nn. He, too, remamed but two _rears, t{nd was followed by the R ev. Mr. Forbs, whose stay was even shor ter. Condit ions in the pioneer town were hard and it was easy fo1· n minister to become discou raged. ;Money poured into the gambling houses nnd saloons in larg-c qua ntities, while it merely dribbled into the chu~·ch coffers in nickels and dimes. During periods ,vhen the church was without a l'egular pastor, student pastors, a Mr. D_avis, A. M_. Broady, and A. E. R icker. occupied the pulpit. The Rev. Timothy Thrloway, although. he was nut in the service, J1cld services or conducted funerals as the oecns1on cll'lllltn<led. H e was a miner at the time, nnd while there was more _m~ney to be found underground than in the pulpit, he later adopted the mm1stry as his profession. 111 1887 01· 1888 the R~v. Mr. Hungerford ~n~e fr_om Iowa to take charg·c of the wm·k. He rcmamed for less thun it ~ cn.1, be.mg replrLcccl by the R ev. G. L. Bnn, n 'Prcsbyt.c1·in11, from Rn.wlms. It was tlurina the· period of his incumbency that t.he elmr('h was c1~rpcted 1111d cushi;ns were bougl1t for the pews, the Ladies' Aid the1: dom~ moSt of the charity work in t he town and helping to finance tlus P1' 0 Ject. The �HISTORY OF Ul'ilOl'i PACIFIC COAL l\hNES 236 CuuncH 51'mf:S Ovf:n ROCK SPRrNCS AND H ANNA other churches were organizing by this tim7 and drawing many of their membel's from the ranks of the_ Cong_regntional Chun·h, n11d e1tch succeeding dny was bringing new d1fficult1e • In 1890 the Rev. Huk~ 1\I. Durr c,'.mc fro1~ ~llino!s to !.crvc ns pastor. He organized the Jumor an~l Sc111or Chns hun h11_dca\'or Societies nud brought irnm)' new mcm~cr~ into th~ church, especially young men and women. His daughter, )Imme, orgnmzccl a clnss among the Chinci;c ]ifr. Burr folt thnl the chur<'h building was too small, nnd :,;o undertook n campaign to. rnise funds for the building of a t~l'W one. In !-pitr of his cnthusi11sm the Re,·. ~fr. Burr WllS not a prnchcal man. aml throu1rh lnck of foresight and plnnning, 11II the money raised wa ,pent 0 11 tlie foundntion n11d 011 some ,·cry clabornte stone cutting. Thorougltly depressed, the minister resigm•d nnd Superintendent Hawk~ dcc idui" th,lt it mt~ not so much an eloquent speaker as n prncticnl husi1w,~ 1111111 tlHlt ,rns llCl•ded tu hnudlc the financial work of building n m•,1· <"1111 rch. Thcl'cfore, in Februnry, 1891, the Re,·. H. ~- Smith, of Omnhn, cnmc to fill the rncanc~•. l'uder his leadership a number of fnr- rMching d 1 t ng1.•, were mndc, beginning with the rcorgnnization of the church 11:; a b111h , 11 11<.I the t·hn~ging of its nnn~c from t~1c Pnion Congregatio,_1111 to the F ir:t ( 'ongregntionul Church. 5111cc sernccs could not be held m tlw old clrn rclt building, the.r_ rcntccl u building on North Front Street, nud the l.adil'' • Aid. 11rmcd ''.·1th brooms, mops nnd scrub pnils, made the pince pre-,t•ntablc for sc1·,·1rcs. :'he rented quarters were 011ly tempornry. lto,, c,·u for the ReY. ~fr. Smith begn? to call nt once for subscriptions for II ncw dnnch. Profit mg by past mistakes, the minister colleC'tcd the moue,· from the member:,; of the church befor~ tl_1c l~t for the present dn11Th 1;uilcling wns purchased, nncl bc~ore the bmldmg itself "·ns begun. On :\In,. 8. 18!>:3, the come,· stone w11s laid. ttnd, on roYcmbcr :3. 1895. the d1u rth ~rn ._ dl•c1i<:ntcd. In !cbrunry, J897~ after six years nt Rock Springs, the He\'. ~Ir. Smith res igned. Dul'mg l11s pnstornte fortv-cirrht new llll'lllhcr, had been nc1ck•cl ~ ttc ;-oil. an_d his Sun<la_r School c;1rollmcnt Wit:, well 0\'cr two liu11chc.:cl. e rnc cstnbhshcd the custom, too. of mid-week prnyrr :-.1.'t·\"iCt.':-. . I n Apr_il, 1 ~97, tl,c R e,·. Jumrs Kevnn cnml' from Dakota to the c 1111 cI1. Durmg lus two ycni· st . ti , orgamznhons . . retro. .. d H . • • a_, ic ~.oung peopIes g1cssc . e wus not m fnYor 0 f I ' . lll \Jng young people III thl• dm rdt. In 1899 I . 1 t •. ; "~~s s;ce<?ded b~· the ReY. Yictor Ru ring, "·ho was follO\n.'d 1i wnr ~. ~\ Y e,-. Ha_rv~y A. L_ymnn. In the next few vca,·s the ;,,t;tors 1 ",t HI ll'G ev. Mr. ,vitlungton of Chicago, whose nine~ the R Annctn 1)l'l:C tcr rruy to k f • t· 1 · . •· ~ • T.cwis: the Re,·. Os ;v~nc ": l<?n 111s 1u-r1~·al wa~ delayed; the Rl·,·. F. C. chur I1 . • • bbc,, n :\Iethod1st, after whose clep,u·turc the C' ,i as n1cnnt n venr • the R T -p J k" Cloud of "X b. ·k 11 •.1 1 ' ~'"· • • en ·ms; and the Rev. R. N. 10 Au,,.,,;t 1 ~/0 'tats ; ' ,,~r:ntly mcrcn);ccl tlw churd1's membership. In ,, • • "- • ll' 1"1.C.:\' I11 X • :;uccct-dt•d iii }<)')'> r . • llllll • npun was l'nllccl to the t·hurch, to be I:I C I • _,, 01 0lle Year bv ti . Ag11i11 the pulpit Wit<: Y • • • le CY. • • . ,ynch. of :\fontnna. the R ev E I A 11cl .. aca11 ~ for ~,x months, until, in February, 1925. • • ,. ct:.on nrr,Yed. An unordained minister served° in 1927 ·I n'e .r 0 ,· n 237 'f t October, when he was ordained. His name was the Rev. L. R. f rom ., ny o Hosford. In September, 1928. u new building was planned, ~nd suffi~ien: conti;butions for its erection were pledged. The Rev. Mr. H;o~fo1 d stayed until the end of the _v<'ltl". 1111d in ~lurch, 1929, the Rev. '".'1l1111m R. Mar~ I 11 of Casper \Y yrnuinrr, cnmc to the church. A most likeable_ man, h e :~:11 •mndc his i,;fluc·m·c foll throughout t l~e town, and through his efforts u nd the coopcrnlion 11 f thl' building committee, t}~e ~omerstone of the new liuildiug wit" laid in S eptember, 1930, nnd the buildm~ wu~ cor!1pleteddn.;~ furni shed by December l •Hh of that :;nmc ycnr, nt which time 1t was e 1rntcd. ~In,.' Snrn Slwdclen, long active in both church t_tnd Sunday School work, un,·ciled the.: corncr,tonc, nnd Dr. Pnlmcr of C}ncago pren.~hcd the dcdit:ation ~crmun. On ,J 1111 ua r., ~- ]931, the Re,·. l\Ir. i\1n.rshall d,cd nfter n -.ho rt illm:,:,. o f pm 11 111oni11. Tltc R ev. Harry Johnson, pastor-n.~-1?-rge, ,upplicd hi, pln<"l' u11 l ii llw 1woplc of the church could find ~ MW mm1ster. Shorth· nft('r ;\[ r. ~l a r, !111 11", clc:i.th. the ":Unri-hnll i\Icmonal Fu~d". \\·as 111 :i.ugt;mtetl a, a I ribu l, to h i, rnl'lllOry. The fund was intended to hqmcln.tc the d nin·l, debt n, qui<·kl) ,, po, ._ibk•. The R ev. 0. P. Avery, of ~~ontn.n~, took the R uck Spring, po,itio11 in April, 1931, and stayed until Apnl, lH::H>. Thc folio" ing .\ ugu, l tin• p n •srnt minister, the R ev. K eenan Sheldvn. ,t.,..mm·cl tlw rr , po1i-.1h1lilie-. of the church. The fir:-,t Roman 'utholic Church in Rock Springs occupied n site on :"\o. Two Hill. Built i11 Hrn-t- and enlarged in 1890, it rcmnined wjthout n pn:;tor for the tirst four ycnrs of its existence. In January, 1888, Father ,John D elnhunh· ns;,umcd the spiritunl guidance of the congregation. H e wns p11:-,tor fen· ·almoi-1 ~ixtc<'n yen rs, nnd, during his administration, many i111pro,·cment, were mnde nnd ronsidcrnblc property acquired by the C'hurch. It wn,- snicl of Father D clnhunty that, "In this community l1c wns respected nnd hy hi;. c·ongrcgntion loved. His visitations were never over and hi-. lal,or, wc•rc unceasing. The rich al'!d poor alike welcomed his coming- nncl t'l•grcttccl his departure." The Rev. ,J. Nolnn succeeded Father D elahunty in May, 1903, but his frnil hcnlth pro,·ccl unable to benr the burden of his duties and he was forced to resign within 11 ycur. The R ev. J oseph Dreyer, a professor i11 All Hallows College, nt Snit Lake City, attended the Catholic people of H.oc·k Springs over wcck-cncls until the Rev. Charles O'Connor was nppointcd in the summer of ]905. Like Father Nolan, he was too fro.ii to stnncl the long hours and the harsh winters. The Rev. August Conti scr\'ed until the summer of 1907, when he left to ta.kc charge of an Italian parish in California. From June, 1907, until July, 1910, the Rev. Thomus Barrett wns pastor, nnd he was given an nssistnnt, the R ev. J a.mes Cerni, who nttcndccl the Slnvic people of Rock Springs until Fnthcr Barrett left. In F ebruar_y, 1910, two new pastors were sent to Rock Sp1·ings, the Rev. Fmncis Keller, who wns to succeed Fnthcr IlRrrett as spiritual adYisor to the English speaking Catholics, and the Rev. Anton Schiffrer, who was to succeed Fnther Cerni with the Slavic Catholics. With a marked in- �238 l!tSTOll\' OF UNION p \Cll'IC C:o \I, J\ltiSES crease in the mining activities, mnny people ~f foreign birt~ were eo111ing to Rock Springs tLnd settling o~ the north side ~cnr the n11nes. This le£t but four per cent of the Cnthohes on the sol_ith s1_dc of the town, near the 1 . h and the north side people and the11· cluldrcn were left wit hout b~~~~t 'of the cbu rch as they did not like to let them cros • the rnilron<l tracks. ll , . . . . . Poor lienlth caused Fnther Kc er s r esignnbon w1 t 11111 :.1x months o£ hi!i appointment, 11 nd denth took his successor, the H e,·. ~r!clrnel Kcnnc<ly, six months Inter. At the time of ]'nther Kennedy's deat_h. 111 191:2, Father Schiffrcr wns made pastor of all the Roma n Co tholic people in R ock Springs. It wns upp~ren~ to him that it was quite: nccc:,,a ry to builcl I\ church on the north side 111 order thut all of the people n11gh t n ll l·nd worship. He. therefore, resigned us p nstor to nil the Cntholll" people, taking chnrge of the Sia,· communicants. There was much work Io be <lone, f\nd Fnthcr Schilfrcr wns never the man to shirk. H e left thl' rlcbt-!'rce south side church nnd ::tnrted the north side program without r, ,ourc, , . Father Schiff'rer had but little money and limited means to obta 111 morl• when he urri,·ed on t he nol'th side, but he began the work of building n north side church. and on July 7, 1912, he saw the plncing of the t·orm•r,tn11e of the house of worship he had planned. The first sCl'\'lCC was held on Christmas Eve of the sumc yccu·. Fnthcr Schiffrer's work was not d orn•. howl•,·cr. The church wns unfinished, and it was to take thirteen vears to rai,,c funds to complete the building as it stands todaJ. Those th.i rtecn Yl'I\ rs ,1 ere busy yc,us for the north side priest. It was not until D ccembCl' 13, 1!>25, thnt he could look up nt the Church of Saints C'nil nnd ) l cthoclius, of R ock Springs, better knO\rn us the North Side C'ntholic Church. 110d s<-t n date for the dedication services. Father Schiffrcr left Rock Springs in 1926 because of n henrt weakened by long, ha rel work cnrricd on in \Yvomin cr's )1igh altitude. As this chapter is written. and "-ith his hcnlth n'.!g;lincd, lie 1s the pastor of a church in l\11ilwankce, \Visconsin. . At ~he time thn.t Father Schiffrer left the south sid t' parish to turn Ins energies towa~·d n house of worship for the north ~idc. the R eY. ilichncl Kelle)· was uppomted to be his successor. Father K elle,, wns followed bv t~ie RcY. J ohn )Inttc_s, who left in F ebruary, 191-!- ; the R e,·. J ohn Sugru~, "_ho went to Ireland m October, 1918; Rnd the present pnstor of the south side clnll'ch, ReY. S. A. Welsh. F nther " 'clsh was ordained to the P riesthood for the Diocese of Cheyenne at St. Patrick's Cathcdrnl ~cw York, 0 ~ September 1, 1918. On arr iving in Rock Springs he nt o'nce began n ";,:torous progrnm of orgnni:1.ntion and improvement. He reno\'nt cd the ;'. ~.,.irnmr c-l~trch nn~ mnde cxtrnsive rcpnirs to the present rectory in 9 • --.u nd 19_3_ but h~s great ambition ,ms to build n more fitting church 11 ~~r/ ; peopl_c, n~d tins hope wns realized on Sunday, D ecember 11, 1932, 1 . it_i t IC ded_irnbon of the beautiful Church of Our Ladv of Sorrows. An II • • f 1923 as:.1stnnt to I k pr1c•st .. · wns• •sent . . t 0 F a tl.•er n, 11 cs I durmg the lute summer o • s ti ~u ti ~?s ilile a nussion pnnsh nt "\Vinton, nnd to giYc better care to . tel .'a O ics of Superior. Some of the men who have helped Father Welsh m 11s mo1·c than t wen t Y years of serY1ce . m . Rock Sp1;ngs are the Rev. c11 u 11 c 11 S 1'1111>:S Ov1m Roc;K S 1•111Nt;s MW II ANNA Dnnid 239 o• ullivnn, the R l'"· D unicl 0' D oherty, the ~ cv. Napoleon the R e" :\Inl'tin J(ennedv, the R ev. John Sullivan, the R ev. ,, iss11n11, • ' the R ev. Char ~ I p I IIcllnrng and cs G orm Iy, h'1s prescn t o.ss1·stant• o~\hc dcparh:rl.' of I•'nthcr Schiffrer, in 1926, the R ev,- J ohn_ )fo:lcy took ove r his po,,ition. Othe rs who have served t he no1·~h side ~ar1sh since lhnt time nrc : tlw Hr•,·..John Henry; the• Uev. John L. Zaplotn,1k, J .C. ( D r. of Canon J.,t,i): tlw H.cY. Phillip Krass ; t he R ev._ 1'fnrtrn Kenne Y (now dccen:.rd): a nd thc_H c\' . .Albin Gnidovcc, who came m June, 1931, nnd c·ontinuci. to on·tq)\' ll11s pnstorntc. . Like the )for~ions nnd the Congregationalists! the. :\Icthod1st~ were figure,; in M rly fl l)Ck .. prings history, holding mcctrngs infor~a lly 111 the piorwel' davi.. ;l'ht' V renkd the Odd Fel lows Hall, the most p rominent me:ting pince 1;r that ;la"- fo1 their dmrch services. I n 1895, through a bcg1nraing n1Hcle hy tlw I' ~-1''-l'" I a lion Io th: chu 1·: h of _t,~•o hundred fif ty dollars , a memorial tu ~l ,ty I). K irkp,tlnck, this rcligwus group was able to 11 ohtain n lrnildin rr of ii, 1111 11 ...\ /,lore building was purchased and ~onvNtcd into II churdt. ,~ul nlthoui,:h n1a11~· additions and _cl~anges _ha_vc smcc been 1nnclt•. the pre:,cnl \1 1•1 liod isl Chun:h is still the ongmal building. . . O11 l•t1 ll. Young. lrn111 $ nil Lake City, was one of the first mm1stcrs in lhl· cht1l'd1, ,rnd lw ,, n, followed b.v several men who served for onlr a ,hol'I timl' or , uh,tilnl• d fo r olhl•rs. Some of the men who worked dunng lhi-. pcri(l(I for tlw d111nh were the R ev. Mr. Rogcrs,_the R ev. George N. Smith, lhl• Re,. :',[ r. King,,ley, un<l the R ev. l\fr. K eplinger. The R ev. l\Ir. Kcplin.,.e1· hud II gift for orgn11i:1.ution nnd he planned ~o cnlnrgc the cln11·ch",rnc1 to expand its uctivities. Accordingly he established the D eo.t·om•,-s's C'entcr in the T n•mont Building, from ,vhich pince it was Inter mo\'cd to II house in ru. l~our District. The D enconesscs contributed much to tlw town b\' 1rn\' of i.cHlemcnt work a nd through Americani:1.ing the fo n•ign-horn 1;opul~tion. An interesting dcvelopme~t took plnce whrn tl~c R ei·. :\[ r. K1•plin~cr wrnte to seYcrnl wenlthy men m the East fo r contribution:- fo1· the lnrgc churcl1 he hnd in mind. Andrew Carnegie replied that he would not contribute to the building of a ch urch, but that he would endow a lihrnry. True to his wo1·d, the phil,mtlnopist endowed the Public T.ibrarv. iir. Kcplinger's successor, the Rev. T. B. Lawrence, stayed one year, bei1w followed bv the R ev. L. 1\I. Kelly and the Rev. Mr. Sagnr. After n peri~cl in which there wns no regular pastor, the Rev. Mr. ~Iartin took up the 11·1ll'k for five ycnrs, nnd in the cnrly 1920's he wns replaced by the n e,·. Roy Burt. :\Ir. Burt moved to Chicngo from Rock Springs, to h_cncl the Young P eople's \ Vork fo1· the Methodist Churches 1t1l o,•er the U111ted States. The R ev. Mr. MethYin nnd the R ev. Hubert Webster followed l\Ir. Burt. During the eight years thnt the Rev. Mr. 1Vcbster " '. ns _pastor, the Methodist Center wns built to the church. Then from Ilhnots came the Re,·. Robert r. Johnstone, preceded by wn1111 1·ecommendntions for his work. He wus followed by the present pastor, the R e\'. Richard Lungren. The Church of the Holy Communion, of the Episcopal denomination, hnd its beginning in 1887 in R ock Springs. l\Iany of the officers and men ' I' f· J �240 HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MI NES . d St t A1·my who were stationed at Rock Springs following of the Umte d'1sta ~s \\'.ere of the Episcopal faith, n.nd they rendel'ec] the Chinese. t ur utn~~;e locnl members of thnt church. The fh.·st services • S I nhinb1e nss1s ancc O S tl F S ' d • 11 bove the Founto.m a oon, on ou I ront. . treet. were he! m 11 1Ht a l R I L l\I t k so . t t.cs1. 'dent clCJ•O'VJDan, t 1e ev. However t IIC fi Is b.J I t . l . l or on, wor d ·ed f , . • d . ,d so ()'rent 1111 interest, tin • p ans were rnn e or 11 cffect1\"e1V an atousc • b • . I 'd b n· I E I • 1 1· 'Id' tlie cornerstone of which was !ti Y 1s 10p t 1elbert mi mg, • Prcsidrng · Bishop • · churc lb tl (Inter to become of t J1e_Clrn1·cI1) 011 All S amts' Tn113. \ 888 nnd the church was opened for sernces Ft•hrun ry 24,, 1889, DI .' b ' iYen the nnme of Saint Bartholomew's. The Rev. l\Ir. i\lorton mYmg cctdl gl b,• The 011hr WllS succee ec .I tli"~ Rev• \V • M. Lnne. • • one of the founders •who •lS st'll l. • ·, tli" citv is l\lrs Emily Conuor, who came to Hock I n-mg JT, ~ ·' • • . • • Tl l r Spn . . nrrs i:, in 1886. Her husband was an elcctr1cmn m the employ of 1c mon Pneific Conl Company. She relates: "The Ladies' Guild used to meet eYery Thur1-(la y. To raise money for the church we held dances in the Opera H o\lsc. '\Y c• wome·n of the Guild would serve supper from the stage. I n order to keep the food warm, nfter we had cooked it nt home, we wonkl _take our conl-oil stoYes to the OJ)era House. '\"'Ve l1ad to make use- ot nur own personttl dishes and table linen for the public 1'-upper.;;. It. Wll!lmrd work. but we raised substantial amounts for the ch111•c-h . Fsually a flute or some other single instrument furnished the mu!. ic for th~ dances." Some of tJ1e early supporters of the church among the Army officers were ?ifojor H.B. Freeman, Dr. Buslmclf, and Captain C'. A. Coolidge. Of C',iptnin Coolidge there is told 1111 interesting tnlc. H e nclopterl 1111 Indian bo,y, gfring him nil tl1e cultural nnd educational adrnntng-t':; thnt would have been the lot of his son. The A1·npnhoc lad studierl for Roly Orders and Inter became widely known us the Reverend Shei:man Coolidge, one of the lending clergymen of l1i:; rnce. Other curly member;; (lf tl1e Episcopal chun·h were J\fr. und 1\Irs. Luman, J\fr. and )frs. ,Joseph Young, l\fr. and :\frs. Landenberger, Mr. nnd Mrs. John TI'. Hav, and :Mr. nnd )hs. T. S. T,tlinfeno, ,Jr. Among the prized possessions ~f the little chureh when it wn)l first built, was one of the little rnornblc oro-nns tlint were fixtures in so many homes of thnt day. l\lr:,;. J. T. Treasul'c~ was the {'hurch organist. . Followjng the IleY. 1\lr. Lane came the RcL I saac Dnwson, who cnrrwcl on the work at Green RiYer ns well as nt Roek Sp 1·ings. 1-Ic wns followed b.Y the Rev. Frn11klin S. MooTe, who remained a little over a year. Other dcrg)'mcn ,r110 SCl'\'cd this church during its half century of existClll'l' were: the Rev. Jacob Bobst, the Rev. James Stoddard, the Rev. ,Tn~u_es H. :\IcPhenrson~ tht• Re". Dr. A. F. Schepp, the ReY. Dr. 1\Iorton 111 1 • tl!e Re,·. F1_· ~n~lm C'. Smith, the Re,·. R. Emmett.Abraha_m. n~d the 01 (' • : : nlcJ_c. s" C7.). "\Vhen th~ ReY. :\I I'. Swe:1.y left Rock Sprmgs Ill D:cm_b71 , 198 I, tlic chu1·ch was mthout a ractor for n short time, and tl11s posihon was assnmed b3• the ReY. E. L. Tllll on April 1, 1938, who is serving nt tl1c present time. ~:·:! CHURCH SrmEs OVER Roc1< SPRINGS AND H ANNA 241 At some time in the course of the years the parish again took the name of the Church of the Holy Communion, _given the mihssion before_ the building of the church, and it is known by tlns name at t e present_ tn_ne. Some years ago the foundations for a larger and more modern buildmg were laid, though but little of building was done fo~· a number _of year~. HoweYer during 1938, the erection of the new buildrng was agam Tes~1mcd, und :s this chapter is written it is moving toward ultimate complehon. The history of church orga.nirntion at Hanna, under the contin1;1ing tare and sacrifice of two generations of Christian 1?en o.n_d women., m a sense pnrullcls that of Rock Springs. To th~ Methodist Ep1sc~pal denomination is deserving t he credit for conductmg the first orgamzed church services in H am111. Tl! the beginning the working forces at Hanna w~re pnrtinll? rcsirlcnt at C'arbo_n whic_h \\~as lo_ath to yicl~ its place as a mmina- ccnh-r to t he new location, H11s situation o.ccountmg for ma11y of the ca~ly trials experienced in buiJding and regularly maintaining church services. In 1 '$>0, llw first Methodist Episcopal church meetings were held in tht T"ninn Pacific Ridlrna<l depot, then located east of the present depot site. Tlw scn ·icc were held by R ev. Benjamin Young, who came from Carbon onl'e a month. The wniting room of the depot proved .inade<)uate to ru-cm1rn10<lnte the a:ttcndunce, and a movement was started to build a church. In the fall of 1890 the local staff of The Union Paci6c Coal Company at Hanna presented to The Union Pacific Coal Company officials a request for help toward con:-trncting a building to be used as a clrnrch. This suggestion met. with approval, and land for the new bnilding was -provided. Through donations of mt1.te1·ial made by r.rhe Union Pacific Coal Company, and labor donated by the men of the community, the building was completed in the fall of 1891. In July, 19241 plans were made for the erection of a new church which 1rns made necessary by increased membership. During the time that the new church wns being erected, church services were held in Linden's hall, whit'h was locntcd where the present Community Building now stands. The ne"· churcl1 building was dedicated on Sunday, May 17, 1925, Bis11op Charle:; I. Mead officiating, assisted by Rev. Edwin Dowling, District Superintendent, and Rev. Orman C. King, pastor of the new church. The following is n list of the clergymen who have 5erved the Ham)R church: Rev. Benjamin Young 1890-1891 RcY. W. L. Wilson 1891-1892 Rev. G. H. Smith 1892-1897 Rev. E. H. Taylor 1897-1898 Rev. W. F. Brndlev 1898-1899 Rev. Z. Steire • 1900-1901 Rev. F. T. Kelly 1901-1904 �Hisro11Y oF UN1or; P, cIF1c Co.,1. ~hNEs 242 From 1!)0,1, to 1906, scr\'iccs were held by :i\fr. G. W. Hu~hcs nnd various guest clergymen. June to D ece111Lei· 190G He\'. Wm. Hints 1907-1908 ' R eY. Lucion B. ,Jone:. 1908-1909 Rev. C. B. Cowmnn Re,·. J ohn '.\lcKechnie 1909-1910 nev. ,Jessie Ilogm• 1910-1910 He,·. John F. Clennrnters 1910-U)ll He\'. Im I. Pomeroy 1911-191:3 Re,·. L. )Ic~eil ~Iny to ,Jum•, 1 !ll I• Rer. Cln)•ton H. Negus 19H-l91 (i He,·. C. F. Clower 1916-1!>17 Hev. ,J.C. 1\Ivlroic 1917-H>:? I• Re,·. Ormnn King H>:2.J.-l!l:!.1 lh•,·. Chns. I. Wright 1925-19:2(i R <•v. Hubert Webster 1926-192, He,·. ,T. l\I. Johnson 1927-192!) 19:29- rn:m He,·. 0. I. Pcckcnpnugh He,·. W. Recd Kessler 1930-HJ;31 Re,·. A. D. Wilson 1931-193.1 1935-19:37 Rev. Wilbur P. Wood ReY. Yirgil B. Brown 1937-19:18 He,·. Q. Summerfcld 1938- to pr'-"M' nt time. Finnish Luthcmn Church ser\'iccs were held in the \'1u iow, homes at Hnunn until the yen r H)0-1,, when the old C'n rhun Finnish Church wns mo,·l·d to Hanna. )Ir. John Groomnn, nn old Finnish rcsicl<'n~ of Carbon nnd Hanna, t·ondudcd the services euch Sundnv for ~cwrnl year~. Due to n g1·m~·ing lack of interest in the Clmrd1, the i,uilding w 11s :.~lid in l!HG, and sernccs w1:rc nbnndoned. ·c. For -~c,·crnl years Romn11 Cntholic dmrclt l:> Cl'\'i('cs wl"rc held in the old ~nnnu Sehool building, which is now being used a s n hos pital. These st' n ·1ccs were conducted by F1tther Jo~cph Conrath, of H nwlins. A church was erected in the fnll of 191.3. and dedicated in the summer _of 1~16, nnil Fnthct· Henry Schcllinger, of Green River held the first scrnccs• III ti ic new cIturcI·1. TI1c church is conducted under ' the pntronng\ of St. ~oscph's Chmch, of Rawlins. Fnthe1· Schellingcr personally 0 t_? •. ?11 ~ctrn• pnrt in the erection of the Chmch building and held set:· ~~ct.ls m ,,,1~n~•n scn•rnl yent·s nftcr the completion of the c1:urch building. 1 >11inm J Short of I> 1· ·1 Jus • transfer elsewhere a l so I •11 icrI . • ' :l.llW ms, uutt le< c im·c1I sernces pcriodicnlly. , In the e11rh- dnvs of H • 1~ · d • th p· · .1 c•, · · • . nnnn, ',p1scopnl Church services were hel in c m111 s I J\lrd1 P1rst A' I H 11 S I • homes H : • ic n , c 1001 buildings and in various 111 . ~ "'~·,·ic·c's were held in tlw First Aitl Hull during t he period Aug~;t 1 1 ' :\~ • eptembcr, 1921. Dcnconess Young, of New York Cit)', and :u; 1 chur:e th'· • oit·~an, (lay member), of Pi.tb;burgh, P ennsvlvanin, had n c mce mgs. - ~f.~ ~f8 CHunc11 Srmr.s O,•En RocK Srn1Ncs AND HANNA 243 Pla ns were made for n p ern~anent church building during the ycnr 1921, i~nc.l wo~·k wus st!uted lu tc 111 t_hc ~umc year, the church being completed 111 Apl'1l, 1922. The first scn1ccs were held on the first Sunday in ::'I_Iuy, 1H22, and were conducted by Archdencon Dru.y, of Wyoming, assisted by l\fr. S. L. ~lorgnn. A few months late1·, the building being free of ull indebtednci;s, it wits consccrntcd by the Rt. Rev. Nathaniel S. Thonrns, Bishop of Wyoming o.nd the numc St. ~larks wns given to th~ l'lt11rch. Clergymen who hn vc ;,l•t·vcd the church o. re: '.\ l r. S . L. :\lol'gnn (luy member), Sept. 1921 to Sept. 1925 Hl',·. F. 11. Bncon Sept. 1925 to Oct. 1930 Hl' \ F. F. K rnft Oct. 1980 to Apr. 1932 Hu . H. :'IL Evjen Apr. 1932 to Sept. 1936 :'\u clt•rg-_rn1nn wu, in cha rge during the periocl September, 1936, l·o Pd1n 1111·y. H)31; 'i\[ r . C. D. Williamson nnd Mr. S. L. 'i\Iorgun (lny mcmh.-r.,) t·o;1d11dcd the sen-ice;, during this p eriod. He,·. ) I. Ihtchclder F eb. 1937 to Dec. 1938 n~,. H u rry .M. K ellum F eb. 1988 to present time 'J'l1 rou11h the untirin"' efforts nnd ho.rd work of n handful of colored 0 • t, pu,ple numbering about fo_rt)·, th~ old l\lctho~st Church was _pureh a~cd in X ov<.'mbcr, 1924, nnd, with cqmpmcnt furnished by The Union Pacific Coul Company, the building wns moved to a new location east of the Romo.n Catholic Church. llcconditioning of the Church was nlso mndc possible by do1111tions of material made by the Coal Company. D edication :.cniccs were l1eld on Sunday, December H, 1924, and ~he R l'"· W. T. Green, of Cheyenne, Wyoming, officiated at the first ~erVJce. During the period 1925 to 193!) services were c?nduct_ed fo1· n time for thl' colorl'd p eople by the pastors of the i\Icthod1st Episcopal Church -~f Huuna. )Jore recently the Rev. Harry l\1. Kellam~ Rector of S~. Mai h Episcopal Church, Hnnnn, took O\'Cr the services m_ an cvnngel!cal w~_v, nnd tntci· till' congrcrrntion decided to adopt full Ep1scopnl services, with the result that num~·ous baptisms of the unbaptized to_ok_ place a1~d on Fcbruury :W, 19;3!), the Rt. Rev. 'Winfred H. Zicgle~·• .M1ss1onary B1s~op of ,Yvomin"', confirmed twenty mCJnbcrs of the pal'lsh, the congrcgnbqn comii{g int; full Episcopnl communion, the Church now known ns St. ,John's Epi~copal Church. . The citiicns of the en1·ly mining villages nnd the Town ~n~ City of Rock Springs hnve, by and lnrgc, been ~lcssed by the fine sacr1ficmg n:m; of tlergvmen, who strove for years agu.mst grc_nt odd~ _to cxtc~~ t_hc_l~rnt?·GO d iong the mine workers and thcu· fanuhes. Theu 1c,1n1d 1s t1om o f an • • •• J• l by the ex rcssed todav in the high order of Christian c1_bicns 11p s town . _ "'l'~nt nm· orit,; of the people of Southern "\Vyommg: ~o element of_ s_ec tnrian sb~ifc h;s ever appeared among the clcrgy_mcn 1~ the several mmmg a·1 t .· t the other hand n fine, friendly 1·clnbon e~osts between Romnn :t~:li~' ~~d Protestant. They long ago decided that there was work enough, and glory enough, in the field for all. c �SAFETY IN TRE MINES 245 Since the t ime of the opening of the fin,t l:nion P acific mine in Southl'rn W yon1i11g in 1868, the Union Pllcific Cotll Department, and lntci· '£ he nion Pncitic Coal Company, haYe worked townrds the solution of the problem of <ln11gcr undergrou1_1d, but it ~vas not until 1911 that any orgnnizcd attempt w11s mntlc to 111c1·ensc rumc safety through the education of the lllincrs themseh·es. In that year the United States Bureau of Mines sent u Mine Snfct)• Cnr to the western cord mining districts, under the dinrgc of :\Ir. Sumner Smith, an engineer. Mr. Smith, who Inter became Minernl Supervisot· of Alnslrn, had with him on t his initial trip Mr. T homas L. Lewis, former President of the United ~line Worke1·s of Ameritil. T ouring through the districts of Southern \Vyoming, they gnve tnlks 011 ,nine ,-afdy work, ln_ving particular· emphasis upon the need fot· First ,\ id trninin~ nmong mine worke1·s. ~Ir. Jesse H enson, of \Vilkcsbarrc, Penu-..r l\'an ia, nctl'd ns First Aid Instructor, trnfoing ull applicants in F ir,! : \ id ,,o rk . Arter the p1·climinury wo1·k had been done by this staff, Tl , l ' niun l'ncifit Coul Com pany helped to organize First Aid classes at Hi:~!, ' p nng-,. "here the British m~crs w~o had 1·cccived their early lrniui ncr iu ·'Alllbulnncl'•• work in then· native .cou~try ~roved apt st1~0 lt 1n 11, i·ecei\·in,,. t·crtificn tcs of Jlrnficicncy m Fll'st Aid, others qunhI l <en ~. • o • l F' A"d t . . ·c friiw n,. in-.t n,durs. Among those who recc_1vec •1rst 1 ra1~mg wer )Jc,.~r:-. Gt•oi·ge ,Jones, Richard Orme, Arclue Auld, Georg~ Sm;t~ J o_lm ~ln X\l cll, Cha rlc,- Gregory, Thomns F oster, Hnrl'y :Myles, an eo1ge Fitclwtt. • t·1011 ,,·n.:~ fo1·med at Rock Springs, and as_ t_hc A Fir-,t A1'cl A s~ocut movement for trammg -===;:::-::::'-:=:c-:--...,-,9d gained n!omcntum, the group raised a substnn•1 tin! fund ,~hich it usccl in commumty work. On its dissolution in 1982, • the Association turned over approximately · lj three hundred and fifty ,, 1· dollars to the newly • •; • formed Rock Sprin~s . II Community Counci l. ! The Association h~d -:-lj long been a power in I the city, and its annual dinner dance had be.en one of the major socinl ~ == ,,--,,,,...,=---===- ~ - - - -_---:.-. events on the Rock ,.-,...= - - _ • • Spl'ings calendar, b~t A mi11e lamp of the Sixlles and Scvc11/1cs in spite of its c~orts,. rt • f 1. First Aid tram.• I ·prcad enthusiasm 0 . d had been unable to arouse any "ic_c~ • I ' hostile to the innovation, an ing. In mnny cnscs the cmployes " c1c open ) CHAPT'ER XX VI. Safety in the lVIines Tells of the progress toward increased safety in the min<'s, of rite work done br scores of conscientious and cour?geous m~11. 1d10 p/n11,,<'d and worked° for safer conditions and tl!e reducll~n o( ucc,clenls. of ho11or.~ 111011 and pri:;es urmrded, and the grow111g _r~ducl,on 11t the !'umber uccide11 rs suffered. Hou: the number of /atal,ties fell / rom SIXl) ·0111• uz the Jive ,-ears 1918-22 (when non-fatal accidents were not permanently recorded). to twenty in the ffre ,-ears 1935-1939. wit/, but six deaths in tht' l,,,, t three years 1937-1939. this enviable record the result of cooperation bct11 ,•en ti,<' men and thr management. How seven brave men 11·011 silu1·r 111(',/a/s for rescuing 1,rn men from beneath a fall of rock; lioll' the ... e11t111els of Safety·· trophy u:as won four times, and how illr. Jolin E. Jlolmes was honored for hat'ing tt·orkcd sixty-three years in twenty-six Ji/ /nent mines, wit/rout a lost-time accident. o/ THE hi~tory of the mining industry is not without its ugly pngt•:., pngcs shadowed bv the deaths of t•ountlcss miners. Thl' millions of tons of coal thnt hn,·e come out of the earth hn,·e exacted a heu\'r tol l of human life by way of explosion, fire, cnYc-in and fioo<l. ]\ot n t ali unusual in the early d1tys of the in<lustry wus the English H enton Collit:ry di,rnster of 1815, when sc\'cnty-fivc men and boys, attempting to work into a nenrby abandoned colliery to remove pillars thcrc, we1·c cut off bv wu tcr fr01;1 the single escape. An ul'ticlc published in 18!:3 recounts : • I "Although they were able to keep cleur of the wntl•r, thl' limited pu~uping facilities then nrnilublc rl-quired nint• month,- to c-lcn r the mmc of wut~r. "~hen nt Inst the workings we1·c rcac·hed , the full c~tcnt of the lmgermg to1·turc by which death hud come to the mmcrs was rc,·ralcd; the starving men had eaten thci 1· horses, candles, um! even the bark from the fir props, nnd one 111un had not long been dead." , J Those were tragedies in the grand munncr when death s truck underground and s truck ag1l1· ,' ft . ·] J • ' · I d n, S\\ I , o, C l'\\ 1e nung merciless. Those were t 1e ~)d's when the ~uiuc~·'s \life might well shudder 'und prny fo1· her man. BeInn the . • · • · · mmmg · · 1 1es "ere b mounhn., ,., ltst of fat11 l't• ignorance pnm1tive met h0 d. s, atlscncfc of competent mine sun·e;s nnd map,ping and as potent ns any o 1cr ucto1· tl •t k fi • · ' ' . his· t. i·t· ' IC s oc ·y gure of the miner himself, the miner mth tile 1 1onu1 unconcern fo. 1 • f · d modern t I1 1• . r us own sn cty. l\Iodern mnch mery an until tl cclt ~ qur might rcmo\'e the other ca~ses of mine disas ters, but 1c u 11nate cause tl1e • )• If k · mine snf t . II ' rmner umse , wns reached, pioneer wor • Ill e ~ cou < not progress beyond a certain point. l!I ! 244 is �HISTORY OF UNlON PACIFIC COAL MINES 24,7 SAF l-:TY IN THE MINES it remained for a small minorit)' of the worker s t o bring- success to the program. In 1912 the original First Aid Contest in the mining ficld was hdd for the men who hud been trained at Rock Springs, a gold meda l, donated by the l\fo1e Superintenden~, being tl~e first prize. 'fhj~ medal was won by No. Seven .Mine, Rock Sprmgs, and is doubtless uow u1 the possession of some of the curl)' First Aid ,~orkcrs. The contes~ provoked such response that it wus thought worth while t,o m_u ke t he mcetmg an an11ual affair, un<l n First Aid Field Day was anangcd to be held in R ock Springs, durinothe summer months. The old " First Aid Park" north of the ptescnt G en~ 1:rnl Office Building, which was recently laid out in lots as the Pryde .Addition to Rock Springs, was chosen as the place fol· the celcbl'ation. 'l'he team winl).ing the first prize each year was sent to the International :F'irst Aid o.nd Helmet Competition, held at various times in S no Francisco Califprniu ; Springfield, Illinois; St. Louis, Missouri; D enver, Colo1·ado ; and ,Slllt Lnke City, Utah, and the teams from the U nion P acific mines i;oorf proved themselves able to compete with the nation's bcst1 cal'l'yiuooff sewrn1 awards for proficiency in First Aid a11d helmet work. lt wn~ not long before nthel' teams were 01·ganized at Hanna and Cumberland. nnd lntcr at Supc1·io~· nnd R~linnc~. Up~n. the purchn~c of t he i'lfcgca'tl; wns udn ·cl v cn rricd on iu Coal Company at Wmton, Fu·st A1d trnmmcr 0 • thnt district as well. On Januu1·y 1, 1913, T_homas "S~fetJ T om" Gibson wns appointed t.o the newly created office oi Safety Dll'cctor of Tht' l' uion Paci fic Coal Company, witl1 hea?quarters at Rock Springs. Committees of mine work~~~ ~vcr_e fo_rmc? to mvcstigat._e aU serious u~cident~, nml also to mnkc pcriic exunun~tions of the m111es and to gwe then· rec•omn11.!11<lations for ~afcty practices. The coal company looked for a decrease in accidents both f-ttnl I non- f a t a l, •.tn view • o f t ln•s new progrmn, but thev wen.. again' •. anc_ be disappomtcd. Little of real v,due was accomplished lar crdy because t lC company ~o~1ld not convince its p1·rsonnel of its n·ood (aith~ The safety curs ·b • . . of the l: mtcd Stntcs B m,enu of ,,'1'mes continued to make ren·ulnr VlS!ts to nll the v\Tvom' • • cl' . . b . • • mg m1111ug 1stncts, trnmm,r employes in First Aid 0 1111d I1cl ' met work )'Ct tl • nc ··d '. . . ic response conbnucd to be disheartening und the CJ cnt toll u11dm11111shed. In November of 1913 Tl . p · p ·fi C l Company purchased t1 b' . , le mon ac1 c on n • p' . . com mahon passenger tmd bng(J'agc car from the 0 \ •mon 1tc1 6c Ru1lron<l fitt' 't poses hopino- tO tl . ' mg 1 out as a Safety cnr for t ra ining pur• lUs supplement the Burcu.u of Mines' work. On one of tl1 . _.' ·'t . fol l ~ Hsi ;; o t 1c Burc1.n1 of M' t•,·ei· ·t . rncs cu1 • to t 1c Rock Sprinas district howO ' ' 1 "as 11ecess1ny to set1d •t t 0 t l h Jmny car wn;; loirnc(l to -th ~ . le s op ~o_r repairs and the coll.I comit suffered StlcJi clo. tl e . llleau for. n ns1t to Superior. 1Vhile there • ·1 . dmutre 1at 1• wa s· cons1'dered unsn fe thereafter to transort it l .. • t> • ,. P 1, 1 n1 , .m it was d1sm ti d d l Xu. Tw~ ~fine, "E" P l~nc R an c n~i ater used ns n d"·elling house at lnrgcd prog1..1111 110 't·l ock Springs. Rega1•dless of the fmthcl' en" • pcrct•p 1 1le 1•cd t' • C:lll'l'ing in anrl ui·ou l ti . llc ion 111 t 11e number of ncci<lents ocnc • le mmcs wns accomplished. tf At this time, however, ll new hand was taking over The Union Pacific Coul Compimy licllll. i\fr. Eugene :McAul iffc assumed the office of President on }\-lurch 1, 1923, and with him he brought a new outlook to the sufety p roblem and 11 new firmn ess and energy in carrying out the company's pluns. H e did not at once find it way to reduce accident s. Indeed his cx pel'iments in that direction did not bear fruit for some time, but the ~nfcty pl'Ogrnm whol>c foundation he laid then was to prove an epochmaking ndiicvcmcnt in mine safety. One of h is fil'st moves was to assign ;\Ir. Gibson to other cluties 1rnd to appoint, on October 1, 1923, Mr. A. W. D ieki11son Snfcty lfa1g inccr. J\lr. Dickinson was later made General Superin tendent nnd :,\fr. ,J. A. Smith, who had long served the company ns n min ing eng ineer, wns 11u111cd to succeed him. It is no discredit to t hese cntri11,•crf; or lo :\h. i\IcAuliffc to sny that, despite hard work on their pa~·t, the conq,,tny continued to fall short of selling its safety ideas to its empl•)~ c . T ltl· vroblcm wns a difficult one, and the solution r equired time. Tintl', wit h 1,1,·11 being 111nimcd a nd killed at un alarming rate, was somethinu the lll<W c,m1pnuy Prcsiclcnl' wus u11willing to concede. H e had !t ])lan in h~ mind, n11il llii::. he promptly proceeded to put into effect. The wny to recluc·c neciden ts 11':t,, in hi;; opinion, t o reach the individual miner and to pt.•nctrnte his lack of c:011ccrn for his own safety, and the way ~o reach the indi,·idunl miner, lie ,-uspcctcd, wus bJ' money rewards nnd µnzcs . Therefo re, he made the a1Tangcmcnts for t1 first real p1·ize contest. He proposed 0 < ,. ' J•, I L ........ i_L_' Tono and Cumberland First Aid and Mine Rescue Teams at the lnternation(1l First Aid and Mine Rescue Meet, held at San Francisco, Calif., September 2nd, 3rd and 4th, 1926. TUNO TEAM Stamling, left to right: Geo. Wigley, )u<' l'c'tersun. Joe Mo.,s1111, Silting. left 10 right: D1w11 Gilfillan, Fred Pw11iu ( {.'r(plnin). Berl l'C'lerson. CUMIIERI.AND T EAM Standing. left to right: Frank Buchanan. 1'. H. Robinson. Jr.. Charles French. Si11ing, left 10 right: Lyman Feum (Captain) , 1/enry Codtl,ml, Charles Clark. r �HISTORY OF UNION P ACIFIC C OAL M I NES SAFETY l N THE MINES the t heory of rewarding the miners fo1: saving their o~vn skius. R e decided to put 11 µrcmium on safety, n prcnnum th at no mmcr could nffo i·d to ignore. . The Union Pacific Coal Company plunged mto an orgy of prizegiving, under Mr. McAu!iffe's g_uid~nce. 'l~hey began by awanling pl'izes to members of the fo1·ces m tbc J1stncts which worked the g reatest nurubci· of mun-shifts 1Jer accidc11t each year, these first prizes tak ing the fo rlll of watches, the men themselves voting who should receive the awa rds. It wns difficult, howc\'C:r, to keep tl1c clement of p olitics out of this sys tem of awards, and it was later abandoned. To the foreman making the best accident records in their mines silverwrne, oil puintings and cit her p rizes wc1·e presented. Various prizes were offered at va rious t imes, urno11g them one hw1dred -volumes of selected fiction for th e men employed in tltt, min e making the best safety showing. Pennants were U.\\' arded fol' ,,u tshnding safety perfornurnce. These banners would go to the top o f the ilngpolc a nd fl y for a few days 01· weeks, thereafter mysteriou ,]y clisuvpcarino. In spite_ of all ~his the same apatl1etic attitude continued to exist \, ith regard to mmc 11cc1dcnts. On F ebruary 15, 1930, l\fr. V. 0. Murray w 11-s emoloyed 1 ns Safety Engineer. l\lr. , - - - - -- , . - - - - - - - - -Smith haYing requested that he be returned to his former duties in the Engineering Depa l'tmcnt. After seven years of excellent nm! effective work 11s safety mgiuccr, Mr. l\Iunay was transferred, on l\lay 1, 1937, to tl1c position of Mine Superintendent ut the Roc k Springs mines, nnd Mr. R. R. Knill was A pair oj goggles that took the blow and saved appointed to succeed the eye. him. were u.warclcJ as first and second g rnnd prizes the first year. The following year l\lr. Lawrence Znjcc ~tnd Mr. John Tomich, both of Superior "C" Mine, each won an 11uto111obrlc. For t he year 1933 only one automobile was given, the price of the sec?nd autor_n~bile b;ing divided ~nto nine cash prizes, so that more men might p articipate. fhe 11utomob1lc was won by :Mr. ,villinm Dicu, of S uperior "C" Mine. Fol' 1934 t his same system was followed, 1Vfr. Osca r Lindroos, of Reliance No. l Mine, being the winnc1· o f t he cnr. The Company's P1·csident was on t he r ig ht track, and he continued to pour money in to his safety program, and to preach through the Employc:-:' }!n.gazi.ne that "A Carefu l 1\:Iiner is the Best Safety Device." It wns his lmttlc cry. l<'or Lile yea r 1935 the contest procedure was changed. Instead of ..,.i vi ntT un •1t1tomobilc, two trips to Alaska ·with all expenses paid were :winded u.: o-rand p rizes. The winners were Mr. J.E. Christensen, of ,Vinton \ o. 0 11tl\line, and l\lr. Matt Sampi, o-f Superior "C" Mine. The result,- from the a ward of the t rips were not at all encouraging, however, and i11 Hl3n a -<Yslcm oi monthly cash awards was established. These consisted of I ltt'cc pri1.cs, $ 15.00, $10.00 and $5.00 for the men, ~nd $10.00 foT ~he unit forcmnn n total of $40.00, disti·ibuted by drawing, a t each mmc which suft'ct·t•d no lost-time injuries during th e precedi~g m01~th. -~so $1500.00 in ca sh wus distributed at the end of the year m specml p rizes, 24,8 249 --~ . ~~ t.J:ti?- h,"'] ~ .~ . '- . ,, 1 • •• ~ l In_ spite of the ~ppui:ent failure of his plan, ;\Ir. )lcAldiffc remained u~c~rmced that pnzes, properly h1u1dled, were uot the answer to his ~: ~. en:1. In 1931 !1e arra~1ged another contest. To every employe in those ~~cb~m~ of ~he mmcs wluch had gone through the year with out a lost111 ~.;n~m{j ie pres~nted a ticket in a drawing for two five-passenger a utomo ,.1 cs. ie drnwmg "'?S h~ld in the Old Timers' Buildino- at Rock ~p~rngs, cmployes ntteudmg from all the mining districts A~d now at p~~od~,:: c1e ;!\~gl;~r.~u:~ olft~)ttFtier~ce alnd persistence. Here Wll~ a prize thnt c 1to "su. uard s. or .a. c iance on a b1111_1 · d new au t omob'J le. tlic miners were willin(J' th en eye,-,. to have then· O cl g cuts treated agamst • f, t·1011 m cc , an to wear foe saf t • • l\fr. Gcol'gc Ward of R k S c) equipment tJ1e company urged on them. of Superior "E" 'l\r oc: pnlugs ~o. ~ Mine, and l\fr. Florian A-vancin:i, me, "ere t ie wnmers of the two automobiles which ' . ... .., up and ready for culling machin1!. l A Vu l can S craper pace cleaned• splendid roof and fine timbering. Note �\Fl~TY IN TIIE ~ IINtS 250 251 H1sTonv or UNION P ACIFIC COAL l\hNES Of course, 'l'hc t ·n ion Pacifi c Coul Company has not depcndl'd upon priics nlont· to insurl' the lin~s of its miners. There arc other less spcctacilnr but ju~t n:. ncces:.llr_\' de,·ices. rrherc arc, for example, a number of ;Jicces 0 f safct_v l'f)ttipmcnt for the protection of the miners. One of the most cffedi"e of the 1·0111pa11_r's rules fo1:._ safety is the requirement that nil cniploYcs n111st w<•nt· goggles with shatter-proof lenses at all times when und~rground or at work on the su rface. Those whose vision is normal rc n•quirl'd to we1tr plnno-lcm, goggles, n nd those whose vision is impaired 11 in nv ckgn•c 11n· rl'q1tircd to wear goggles ground to suit their particular 11 incli"idunl mwl:. . .\ 11 m·uli:.t wa-; employed by The Union Pacific Coal Company. to "hom 1111 employc,. wen~ ~cot for 11. visual_ examination, he pre:icribing t·n tTCcl l'd g11g~ll-, whcrc\'er ncces:m1·y. I n this mnnner, IL reco rd of even· mn11·, e., l',1:.:l I ,111, olilained, and some of the results were startling: il ck•\'dop111g tl1 nl 111cn who_ were wo1:king in the mines with_ ve1:y limited , i,ion \ l l'tt 1111l 111,nrt• of th,,. fact, q111te n number actu1Llly bl111d in one c.n•. While· th', ,y,tt-111 wa-; ... uhject to some objections initially. the result:. olitni ncd 111 t·utling d,111·11 eye injuries hnve been so outstanding thnt all u11 ploy1·, haH• now at·eepll-cl the goggles without question. " ' hen the men 1H•re fi t,\ r«111in·d lo wcnr goggles constantly, some difficulty w11-. cX pl•ril•nced in t•11for('ing I Iii:. rult:, but, with the rcmtlrknbly outstanding result,- obtainul. le,, ohj1•dio11 was mnnifested, nnd the men now accept them 11:. -pnrl of tht• mining routine. 0 Prior to thi, \'ii.uni cxn111inntion, which was first mu.de eu.rly in 19:J:l, mun.,· forms o f goggle:. hnd been tried out in the different districts, but without conspicuou:. success, until the spectacle-type goggle with corrected lmsc:. wns instnlled, these goggles being made by n nntionnlly known optical rnmpnny. For the eight ycnrs priol' to the equipping of the men with the corrected goggles, eye injuries averaged fifteen per year. Since 1933, how~ver, with the exception of one mun who lost an eye when l1e was struck i n the side of the head with nn axe which had come off the handle, A I air of goggles, sfatlcred with hot metal, that there hnve been no di$(1Vrd tn·o ryes. red injuries to the eyes of any employcs, although on sc\'ernl occasions men have had lenses shattered by flying coal, rock, or i1·on, most of which would have no doubt resulted in the loss of nn eye had goggles not been worn. Following this Yisunl ex11minn.tion, no employe wns pcnalize<l on o.ccount of sub-normal ·\'ision, although it wns ncrcssarv to mo,1e n number of men to other jobs where the hazards would not be ~o great. At the time of the examination, th e first pair of goggles was furnished free to each �252 SAFET Y IN T II E l\liNES H1sTOJtY or UNrON P,,c1F1c Co,,L l\lrNES 253 b t ·n n short time nil men will be so equipped , and it is exp ected that the 1 u .ease in hand injuries, especially those to the fingers, will be as suceci • o f otler I protective • co 1 thi ng . dcessful as the results from t he wenrn1g Poo r lighting wiu, responsible for m~ny accident s i n the earl_y days of mining. l•'o r uon-gnsrous mines t he old 011 lamp was used exclusn·ely, and in gnseous mines the Clanny o r Davy lump, the flame surrounded ~y . · .e guuzc nnd .,,a ... ._, was used. L ater the carbide lamp was used m \I 11 h • • f th non-gnscous mine..., and it is still used today m mn~y mmes o . e Cnited S l nte-.. Tlw Wolfe Su fet,v I.ump was a lso used !11 gaseo~s mmcs. The ClannY, th<' Dn,y and the ,volfe lumps were equipped with glass chimm•y1, ,~·h i('h n'--.i,ted tlit· lighting. Still, with n il these improvements, it wns ·nut unt ii th,· ndoption of the electric battery la.mp that suitable Jiahting "a' hron,.!1 ~ 11houl in the coal mines of the United States. In c?nf;rmit., \1·ith it, p,·og l'nlll of keeping in line with improvements, ~he Umon Pncifi<' ('oal C11nqia11, wus one of the first to adopt the clectnc bnttery cap lnmp. Thrrr 1, n~ clouhl thnt this type of lightirW hns resulted in giving tht· unplo., 1•-., ,m,l.·rground n ,·c1·,v much better !tgh~, and hns been of g renl li~nefit in <·uHin" down accidents. It would be difficult to measure thi impro,·Nrn:111 . hut tlw hl'neficinl results for safety have been material._ I n addi tion to this. llw int rndurtion of incandescent electric lights, opcratmg from the power line,. in hnulnge ways and working faces, hns contributed employe. Howe,·er , nll new employes arc now rcquireci to purl'hasc their own goggles. Inasmuch us many of. these d . new .ml'n 1 nt·c young m c 11 , the 11umber of cot'rccted goggles now 1·cqu11·e ts nommn • Similarly with hard hats. R end injuries continued to grow until the hnrd hats were nclopted one hundred per cent. .Agnin there WCl'l' some . b jedions, but thr bt•nrfits gnined are now so self-c,·idcnt, tlrnt all men w the "skullgnnls" cheerfully. The first huts did not fi t the men's head.;; nncl there were mnny defects in construction, but the munu fact u rcrs I1 c ' clone a splendid job in the Inter types, nnd now the men wear the liitt- '.~tvle . . ( d'1scomf ort . rN ot on I.r Im,·e non- fatnl_ 1_nJurirs • • ., \\ l I 11 nnmmum ~ bcl'tl ,t,•oided by the wc11r1_ng of lmrd hnts, but a numbe1_- of fotnhttes hnn~ bct•n n,·c·i·tNI through thcrr use, nnd the number of ucc1dents lrns been vcrv 111 l • II 1. I cl' . . • II ena \' recl uee,1 u_\' t 1e 1scont111uance of the nnners' soft cup:.. For tlic t • • • • 'ti }<)3' 1 d • • • ,enr:,,• en( over thirteen f)CI'• \"dlUl , ·s· ti I111g. "I Il , ..., 1en IIIJUrles n,·ernn-ed b l , l11('C lilt tune, lOIH'''cr. these hnvc a Yernged less thnn one per year: O: /~li' It wns not until ~n order was issued thut nil men must wear hu l'd -t 0 •d shoes that n pcrcephhle reduction in foot in 1't1ries took 1,1,tc 'l 'I ~ I lt J J I • • l'. 1,• cnr1y 1_nrc - oec s 1~es were mt ier uncomfortable, and there ll'Cl'c ,n: 111 ,. ob· :_ hons to their use. It • Jec 1rns necessary for mrn with :,,pecinl :job:<. such ns rope runnel's, who nre required to do a great deul of 11·nlkin"' h> to I1a,·e specinlh· mnde shoe:;. A nntfon11IIY known shoe rompan~· now furnishei. thcs·e shoes in a large• ,·nriet\' of types 1111d sizes. nnd A /lard-Toed shot·• th,t 1ypc / /,af ,ws 1 , b , / surl'd mu11 1 thc:v urc used very wide- •1 roh·cn oot bone. ly Ill the l:nited States and in Grcnt Britain. All the com ·• shoes, and the clecrc•tse . ti bpnn) s employcs now wcnr hard-toed b • . • rn le mun er of foot • • • I fJmg. In the ten Years cndin r '·ith • lllJUr~es ia::; C<'II ,·cry grati1 193 . g. .J:., foot uec1dcnts n,·e1·a1•cd .J:.2 pc1· 0 .),ea1·' while 1'11 ti 1e·fou1. ,cars per year. • •smee ti in t t·ime t Iiey have aYcrnged only 10 'l'he number of hnnd injuries h . the foot injuries. For ti , . , t ns n1so b~cn decrt•used even more than , . . 1c same cn-veur p enod s11own nb o,·e, end'mg W1t • I1 . · ... , lllJurics to }11111,J- · 193 • , :., me1uc1mg t 1io ·c t fi d . 50 per Jcnr, while in the fiye •cars .· s o ngcrs an Wl'lsts, u,•ernged smee then these have n111ounted to an average of but Sl'Yen 1 d )I t n one- 111 If per " , Tl h .•• c~r. . 1ese s ould be still further re.ducecl by the use of <rlon~s of 11 uJlordcd littk• pl'Ote(-tion for th;ul~i.t,i~bnl ty~e, ns the _old cotton glo~·es glo,·es has bcc•n rathc-r .1 . . . aucls. The mtroduction of protcctn-e 1 0 11 c•mploycs to learu to u~t d ~ ~to~nt of :he innbilit_y of u number of the en ° tell· routme duties while wearing gloves, Lo11g-u:ull face cut bJ· machine for Vulcan Scrapers. Note ol'crlumg of timbering. C> �254 AFl•:n IN TII E ~IINES 25!i I0 , , • " wa:, completed nnd distributed, anti thi-, book hu-, ah o been ]!;J11_J' 1} e:,.d ke i)t HJ> to <late. Ead1 cmployc is furnished with n copy of v,,.cc llrt I • d ti b k t . . bl . . 1 tre1 • • I and ·cgu ntions, an • 1e oo • con nmi:. i.u1ta e 111:.truclton,,, I (•SC I ll e::. I I • 1 k 'l'I I . . f . w II e nt wor •. 1c usl rev1s1on o t I11:; f 0 r• t 1tC COIi duct of nil l'IIIJ) I oycs 1939 . :-• nmcle in S cpte111 l cr, . boo k· \\II ~ • ·end ye 111·:. :Firs t Aid training hth been required of ull employcs P n.cific- Conl Compnny, including the office forces. With the of 'l"J}OS(' hl' 111 • llllfl( • I of intc rcs tinrr those not working in .the mines • t, k in t safety, k • tlwt they would help influence the nune wor ·ers o wor · pur • • I I 11ncl 111 11\ l~ iopcwdl ns wi.th the thought of mnking this in genernl II better nior<: ' c ·' ' nl,I li\'e in the Bov nnd Girl Scout orgunizntions nrc taught 111 I t1 fr r \\' 0 r < I 0 ' • · h b f b · of '.' :, • 1 cl Snfoty work. Substantial pr11.es ave cc.n or II num er . First ,\•1c• n1 nto the wrnnrng : • F 11 ' .~ t Aid t enms from the ,•nraous Scout organ1. • r enr, g1 \ 1 1 \ I }?' ··t Aid Field Duy held at Rock Springs m con~11tio11, II I t it, nnun 111i • f the Old Timeri.' Association. ~luclr neclio11 ,q th ilit• .\nnun . cunl ~on o k d the work of the Scout tcnms • • 1· rc~tetl m t IIS \\'Ol' 'nn h I r ntln1-,111 ,rn .., nHu' • . • Int of the men's t eums. Any one w o ms sctm runs rd nH,,t p ,1r 11 llcl \I ,th t , k f . •d by these Scouts must feel thnt l d f the \1·or • pct· 01 me . ti the hi rrh -.tn n1 ,tr o I I ·1 • nd on scvernl occasrons IC n 1 re thnn wort l w II e, n I I . t the effort h :h m m mo I I f their tmining by ic pmg o ,t, IP tH' ilemonstrntcd the rcu _v a ue_ o . Scot • r l Ire \ •ic t Ill ' l s' of hirrhw1tv en re fo ,., . ncc1dents . , h>~.:,~\ 1110 11 Group of Girl Scouts. Rock Springs, recci-cing instr11ctio11, /mm Engineer .liars/rail, U. S. Burean of Mines. much better lighting facilities, und hus furthc1· aitll'.'d in tltt 1·cd 11 1.: lion or mine accidents. - ---c-::--:--~~ii Prior to 1925 many of the jobs done in and around t lw mim•s were performed in a rnther hnph111.11rd fashion, cnd1 ~line Suptri11tc11dc11t or :\Iinc Foreman doing the sume job in an l'ntirdy dilfon•nt II ny. till' clcnll'nt of safety being entirely o,·el'!ooked in :-omt• of thci.c OJll' t·ation,,, In 1925 n Code of Stnndnrdi:. governing "Safety \\·ork. Including Co1htn1dio11 1111d Opcrntion." wns completed und put into cfl'cct. The initial prt• paration of this book con-red n period of nenrly two yenri., nncl rc \'i:-io11, h:n·e been mudc ut ,·urious tinws since then whl'ne,·cr nl'ccs:<nn· on a t·t·ounl of changing conditions or improYements in equipment and mining 111dhodi.. The Codl• of Standnrds wus nguin entirely rewritten and di:-triLuted in December, 1939. Tliis Yolume of 182 pages is an outstnnding authority 0_11 standard. methods of work, coYering e,·cry phnse of mine ope rntion. Tluibook, wh~ch contains copious illustrations and dingrnms, i:- gi,·cn to 1•11d1 foreman m chnrgc of work, nnd the possessors of this codl', in doing any stanrlnrd ,job, nre l'equil'e<l to curry out the work in nccordan<.'c with the stanclnrd,; estnbfo,hed. Thil:i has resulted in 1uuch better und safct· mining t·~nditi_o11s, cspecinlly along the line of clcchicnl work nnd sys tematic hmberi?g· nnrl _has been the mcnns of reducing many accidents due tu foulty msbtllnbon. The book hns been sold in limited numbers to other con) compnnic•s in the l"nited Stntrs and some of the Rt·itish Colonies. An order was l'ecl•11tly i·tcci\'cd for one from the Russinu GoYcrnment. • In 1029, 1111d nftcr the Code of Standards ltad been thoroughly established, n hook of "Rules and Regulations for the GoYernmcn t of nU C\ . of Januar)' 4, 1897 • ,, the fire • s durtn 0 • I al Rock S pruig Old Miners' Hospzta �I 256 H1sTonv OF UNtON PA C1F1c CoA1. hNF:s SAFETY IN TII E ~hNES Bnck of the entire pl'ogram, of coul'se, is the endcnvor to r d . • • • 1s • a Iso gn•cn • ncc1dcnts. H owever, t I1c fi rst a,'d t ra111mg in orde r tc l,cc . .tn1 nc , O ntin1in· the_ c~ccts of accidents when they do occu r , _and nll ~hose who take •zc trau~mg m~tst pass the stnndar~ Il~rcau of 1\1 mes test m Fi i·st Aid. U llic p_nssmg this test, ench ~mpJoye I given a_Ilul'cau_ of ~l ines l"irst A id 0 '.1 tificntc, us well ns one issued b_v The Union Pnr1fic Coal Compau , \ c, - J ·' · Is u :\,t.4 Jllinr. °[hr 1111i1111 ii:11ifir \!°11:il C.!."1111111.11111 Hu,·k§prin!J!l, llf\!11111i11H ,.,, 1: 1•: H' l'll' IC:.\' l' I~ OF IIO~OI: ., .. . .•.. .,. . ~"~: ,:.~,._ ..:· ~ :' '·.--.:;·:::·_:- .;: • . ..... ,, " • ., • .. -~ . • • ; • , • _, • , • , . • .• . _ I• •• ddition to the certificates given the company or its mines, 11 Ccrln af u- 0110 r ,,·ns presented to Grover " 1isenrnn, l'nit I?orerian, Su•fl n tc o .i • . f ti ~ r "Jr' :\li ne, l'or nn outstnnclmg sn cty record maclc by the men under pcrio_ t·1011 over a period of more than four nnd one-hnlf _yenrs of opcrn111•,s dirrc •1 • •Ill 193·T1 1 meclas I nn d certi11catcs ·c "ti t n lost-time acc1c ent. Agnm t 10 • n wi• ,wu I kh J I S I • D • • D • to irc:;s n,. Adam F oc art, o 111 o tis, omm1c e1paro, "·ere_ g•H,',' ,.lk, Thomns Whulcn, I>io Zandrnn, and Ruclolph Znrko, of V'JI I c::-, . . 1 1tllll \ . . •·C" ~l ine for their wo rk III rescuing two brothers, Johnn GorSupci·•~• ,\ 11 t • G o r~ik S r. from a fa ll of rock, this work taking an hour nik n11< • on ' ' nnd a. half, with further falls constnntly threatening, the Gornik brothers suffering but slight injuries due to the p rompt. and efficient rescue work. .. " " ., " One of the many Certificates rc•ceived in receul years. result of all this work fo r SnfctJ•, The l "niou Pac·ific Conl Compnny lrn~ been rccogni:r.ed nationally for !'educing injuries to it:; cmployes, U1is recognition taking the form of citntions from The ,Jo,-eph ..\. H olmes Snfcty Association and the nwnrding of the " ... ent incls of Safcly" lroph_y ~n. the National Safety Competition, both being under the nu,-pices of the l . mkd States B ureau of ?\I ines. The Joseph A. H olmes Safety .Association was organi:r.ed in 1916 bt twent_y-four of the nation's lending technical societies nnd mining ~rgamiations, to pc1·pctunte the memory of J oscph Austin Holmes. first Director of the United States Bureau of i\Iines, and a lender in the safety movement. Beginning about 1921) seYernl nttcmpts were made to orgnni:r.e locn) ch_apters of The Joseph A. Holmes Safct_y Association in the Yarious ?1sh:1c;s in which the company operntes but somehow these efforts met with li~t c • ' llLZCS suc~ess •. Ench year The Joseph' A. H?lme~ S~fety Associnbon_ recogcrntmcntor1ous work for safctv by awnrdmg Cer tificates of H ono1 to op · • • or to n11ncs, • • an - d b -:,· presentmg • I · dunls who mg companies med a.1s t o •m a·,,1 k haYe done outstanding work in this connection. For the yenr 193\Rot ~ Springs Xo. Four :\line and Superior "C" ~line were nwnrdcd _9erh c\ c. of Honor for i-nfety pcdonnnncc, nnd since that t ime n total of twc~/d one certificates, induding four to be nwardcd t his year, hns been nwni e the Yn r ious lllines for this work. 257 '·Sentinels of Sa/et,·" trophy won by four times. Another outstanding nationnlly kno~1'n snfcty awnrd winch has been gi\'cn to the mines of this company is the "Sentinels of Safety" trophy, donated by "The Exp_losives Engineer." wl11ch is the organ of the H ercules Powder Company, and award~d e1\ch vcar by the Umted States Bureau of Mines through a National Safety Compet ition. Th is trop_hy wns won by Supenor "B'' i\!ine in 19~8, ~)' • "C" l\Ime 1n Supenor . "D" , by Super_ior 1984 'l 1'ne in 1937, ancl i, • "B" gain by Supenor . ; l ine in 1989. In ~dd1. to this, Reliance t10n One ~1·JOe, SuN • o.• "C" ~line, . a.nd P cnor ,1 Four Mme Hanna •" 0 • f , d Certificates o receive �H1sT0Rr oF UNION P,cmc Co,L 258 TI NES 259 Honorable ~Icntion in the 1939 National Sufct.,: t'omp<•tition. Another interesting nwn.rd wns that made to J°\fr. John E. Holmes, ugc 7;], eniploycd in the Rclinncc mine undc1:ground, who wus_ nwn1·ded a Certificate of Honor for h11,·ing wo~k~d for s,xt~•-thrce _Yenr~ m twenty-six different con I mines 11·ithout su:.tnm111g a lost-tune ncc1dent. The "Sentinels of Sufcty" troph_v i:- U t-lllllll ,,tatucth· l'll.'i t i11 u1·011r.c about thrr<• feet high, including th~ _pedestal, dcpidi11g H you11A" motlic,'. with her child in her urms, both nwt11t111g the sufc return of the lll'nd of thl' household from his employment, the child with urn1i- cxtc11<lcd to ;.rrc<•t hi:, "clucldy." This trophy sene:, ns n ve1·y poignant rcmi11cll·1· lh11 t :,nfctr C'onccrns mnrc than just the wo1·k111a11, nnd that en ming:, lo-.. t Lh 1·011 1,I, i,;_ juril'S at work will reflect hurdship on the fnmilic:.. of the ,, o rl..nu 11 • "11 l'll' 10 ncnr nnd dcnr to th~m, ns well_ ns 0 11 ~hemsclYcs. Tll(' winner:- of th i, trophy arc nllowecl to rehlln possession of ,t for one ycnr 011l y. " l1t•11 ii 11111 :.t IJc sent to the m•xt winner. Howel'cr, n plnstcr replica is per1111u1u1th lWill'dl·d tlw mine whid1 is :-ucccssful in the competition, so that it 11u1, bt•·rnutinunlly n·mindcd of the l'aluc of working safely. • . The insta~lntion of mcchanicnl londin~ in th<' mine, of Tl1c C'niou Puc1fic C'onl (omptrny was npproached with so111c trcpidntion bccuuH· of the uft-rt•pcutecl stl\tcmcnt thut mcch1111icnl lo11cli11rr ii- 111orc dnnrrerou tluu1 hnnd loading. and it was feared accidents w,~u]d incn·a,e ~nthe; THE UNION PACIF'IC COAL COMPANY Compuriso11 11/ /Olis mined, om/ man-hours rrorktd /mi.tr 111,J Outsidt prr Faiul. Non-fatal and All A«idrnts TIIREE 5-YEAR PERIODS ASD Yt.1RS 1933 ASD 1939 Ycu T , •011s l\lmcd ,...,...,.1 Number or • ., Accidents 1.-1..a To... per Accident , N . - - r -Mined -- ;-;:':=---,-- - ~...... r --:-:-::::-1·-::-- - - ~~ ,~,~1 ~~ ~.i~i J Tout .\bn-hours 1,cr Accident i\lan-1,our,. WorkeJ 1r,u •I l~~i Toul 2 i1925 1i:~ 3•2:U,lOS l6 287 303 202,56911.293 1().697 ssai"oio ~815 19,"46 18.419 1 678 ~.:i72111 237 2 2,2.~9•065 4:l 256.S16 I J.906 11.378 .a·3-1o·soo 39t618 1s,J16 11,503 9.55 6 Jos 311 463 1n 9 112 3.936 ·sso· • :g~c.7 ~.776.2-15 21.67 n 2-11; 25 347:031 11;285 10_930 hci9·~ !~J:I;~ 12,625 12,381 1 :i. :t~: q ~ ~ _!._ 244 251 392,918 11,272 J0.958 3:001:J.1-1 515,335 :t;~~ 14 ~_>~~ .363.523 15•61 ~~ 1367 ~ ~ I 10.51121.349.248 -1-14.TT6 16,186~ 192ll 2.927.390 51.29 o 294 302 36S9 - - - - - 1- -- 1929 3.ll60.632 57.97 12 270 282 255,'of~ I r•~~!.I 9,693 3.858,672 482,334 13,125 12,TT7 1930 2.897.653 59 42 3 270 . •"-"' 10,853 4..126.880 343,907 IS 285 14,634 __ ~tm 152 ~: !~~~I :o•.a23 3.872.6-18 484.osi 14:343 13,930 59 60 2 045270 J466S ~,529 3,169,584 S28.264 20,852 20,061 ..:._:_-.:__ .088 2,607,1162,607.116 44,188 43,452 - ~ • • • _ . u -~ ~ 1080 382,413 12.808 ~ 17 634.900 50385416875)6329 l9.l3 2.097558 9055 ~ 40 ~ • • ' ' 9 48,780 2.543.104 347,701 63,578 59,142 1931 2.IOiSSJ 97:.u 59 62 l935 2.337,731 99.03 8 56 64 ' • 1 38.751 2.800.683 933,561 47,469 45,172 1936 3.286.159 99.95 6 48 S4 ~~-~~ 51.561 45.121 3.291,205 411,401 58,771 51,425 ~ 3.31S.628 99.so, 2 38 40 1_657:814 ~-4~2 60.855 3.744.274 624.1»6 78.006 69,338 ~ , 02.891 3,707.237 1.853,618 97,559 92,680 5 \' rs. .~629 97- 1" .;-2 .,.,.,_ •" , 211 263 63- ::92 5 -5 1- - -,--=~:--l-:--:---t---:-:-:=• l9'1B IOO•00 '1- 2 j - 29 - 3) 15nn --::'._ 16.006.S03 731.205 66,749 ·61,16S ' /~•9\J,- n I,; '89 - o.0-u:1-3,192 1- - - 1 93 1 9 3.261.003 100.00 2 251 27 1• IOtOJ.I 97.322 3.198.325 1.599.162110,287 103,172 • .SOI 130.+IO 120.778 3.357.955 J,678.9n 134,318 124.369 19:11 2-453.s21 n:39 6 ~ 2.0-15.270 81.13 I !i ync 1 ~ 6 3 ) ' : - 1 - - 3 ~-!s~ ~}~~ 630,~ I11111 decrease. Howe\'l' r, the reverse hns been proven to be true nnd rct _O d il'ed here i:-: ,t tnblc prepared by .i\lr. McAulifre for a pa1><'r rc:ld ut the \ • tll 1· ti A . I . }"ebrunr)'. HJ~8, 111cd111f{ o 1c mcncnn m,htute of ~lining and ~Iclnll0 ·uiclll .Eng1nccr:.., wl11ch tells the complete i,tory of the improvement \". fifteen vcurs :;inn • 1923, nnd the remarkable record nlllde during the l)\CI • • d '1'1 • t 1. 1 • h . b I ·t fh·c-yeur Jll'l"IO • 11s nuu atton ns smce ccn extended to include /;1: pl•d~n11ann· of tht• l'Ompuny for the _ycnrs 1938 nnd 1939. This table presents n most interesting record of, first, whnt for nl1110 · t kn \l'llr:- proved to be u most discournging experience, but which, " • tl,c lHl:-1• cirrhl I cnn,, show:- u spIenc1·1cI measure of progrc.ss. Thc rcsuIts 111 c-, • • Iy w Imt can bc done wit . II n . tTl'llJJhienlh· , l1 own dcmonstrntc cone Ius,vc ~o t>ertcd. 11 ch n1 !!nnizc<l, nfcty program, with everyone working together cone • Icnts. ' I' oo Iong t 11c mrnmg . . •mdus t ry has npt 0 1·uni tlw rcclul'I ion of ncci< I eel t lie 1·, d11dio11 of accidents with a more or less fntnlistic attitude, ~ }~J~;g• t hn t thl lrnzn nl, of the industry were su~h thnt little i~provcmcnt td" 11 11 1 thnl vctu· after venr, for n given tonnage mmcd, n dcfl," <•ou11c , 11• '· • • · H ·1 Tl • ·tc uumlll'r o r t'ntal 1Lnd non-fntnl accidents must occur. npp1 y, 1c ~::iion P iu ,fit- ( 1111 1 Conipnn~• :,cc1rn, to hnn~ gotten nwny from lhnt stntc of mind. • W<• hnn · lo. I l'l'Sscd the point frequently thnt there c~n be no let-up Snfoh· ,, o rk: ii i.., n Jny-in-clny-out, yenr-in:yenr:out .J?b, nnd_ m_ust .\~ fo1I01,:l'CI up J1l'l'l'li:.tently, ag~rcssively, and 111tcl_ltgen~I), an~ 1\ ' ~ ~~cl •i. thl' iob of the nurnngemt•nt to develop 1in 111t~ll1gcnl p1ogu f ~~::.~~Her. ·with till' lwlp of the cmployes, to carry this out to a success u1 runch1,-ion. t �I N CONCLUSION CHAPTER XXVII. In Conclusion r After rending the sc\'ernl chapters of the History of the nion Pncific mines, it seems only naturnl to _lo_ok bnc~ o,·er the ccntul'y that hn~ cliip:-.ld since most of those who participated in the de\'elopnie11t of the cnl'lit•r mines "·ere born, indeed, many of the men nn<l wo111e11 who wo1·kt,cJ and lived nt Cnrbon nnd R ock Springs were more than twenty-eight ,ven rs of age when they came to the property in 1868, M'Ve11ty- two yc,11·11 ago. Geneml l ' lys;,es S. Grant was elected P 1·csidcnt of tl11 Cnilt•d Stntc:-. in 1868, the old~st of six children, the son of n t11nner. wl111 nfl1·1· a checkcreel c1ueer in und out of the nrmy, wns made Lieutennnt ncnl rnl, recci\'ing Genernl Robert~- L ee's surrender 1~t .Appoma~ox, \i '.·g-inia. on_ April 9, 1865. The population of the whole U111ted State~ 111 18G~. npprox1mutcd 36,857,627. In 1870, two years after the mines at Cn1hon und Rock Springs were open eel, the first Federal census showed bu t 9, 11 persons other th,m Indians residents in the entire tcnitory of ·rr~·oming. Seventy-two years ugo life wns, as mensured by the ,,.1ancl:nds of todo.y, rnther primitiYe. Cnndlcs nnd the kerosene lump were tlw t·o111111on illuminants. Electricity had o.s yet not been mndc mnn's :-cn ·ant, nn<l wives and mothers knitted socks 11nd mittens, und made not only the dresses nncl underweo.r worn by themselves 11nd their children, but frc-qucntly fashioned the clothes worn by their husbands. The method of trnnsport used until the rnilrond nppcared was the ox 01· hori;c-druwn wngon, o. slow and wcurisome one, the pioneers too frequently humsscd by savage Indians nncl predatory white:.. On these Ion~ journeys, chiJdrcn were born and died, nnd only the strong c1nrictl through. Doctors and medicines were unknown luxuries nnd while frequently without formnl church services, the musi; of the people hnd an ubiding foith in their God, preserving an clement of charity and decency thruughout tlll•ir bitter vicissitudes. • 7 hcn these men and women cnmc they set about Cl'cnting some s~rt of shelter. Br,n·ing the burning winds of summer and the shrieking bhziurds of winh•r, their _qu1u·te1·s were too frequently hopelessly crnm~cd and poorly hcntt•d, and ,nth only the most meagre fumitu1·e and utensils. Depcndt•nt wholly on their own resourccs for amusement, they mndc the moS t of their opportunity, the sick nnd spet·ially distressed ev~r the recipients o~ ki11clly syn~1mthy and help. r.rhcrc never ,;·us a primitive community th/\t di<l not cuntu111 n woman who unconscious!, took lcndcrship in the finer and 11iost 111issrcl things of life. i\lentio11 is 111~de in this Histor~' of just such l\'OIJll'll, who. llll't>ting life: with u smile, l'hcercd the discouraged, cared for " 260 fl 261 the sick, became the idol of adolescent girlhood- even praying for the dvit1" nml the dead. • " Only_ t,hosc_ who suw sc1·~icc in the mines of t_hc old days can apprecink the difficulties under wluch conl wus then mined nnd brought to the su rf11t•c. Cutting the con) with hand picks (a now lost art), drilling with the c·rude back-brcnking nugcn; of that day, shooting with blnck powder nnd :-quibs, thcrcuftcr bringing the coal to the sul'fnce in diminutive cars, woodt•n rnils used in rooms and animal hnulage throughout, until distance 1111d grndc made n powc1· hoist necessary. Both hoist o.nd boiler room cqu!pllll'lll wu-. usunlly madcquntc, and the low pressure steam that was cnrr1c_d into thl• mines to opcrnte the pumps was usually but hot water when it readied Ihe old Gould, Cnmcron and other strnight line pumps. We often wonilel' if the hcnt rising from the long steam )in~s lcadi_ng to t~c ~inc bot t 0111 11 L" not un clement that helped an otherwise m~uffic1ent ventilation. H mH' H 'J' this nmy bc, few mines were ttdequutel_y ventilated by the upcn~t furuttl'i, o r :.1111111 steam driven funs of tho.t dny. T r •hearse the difficulties th1tt mcn worked under in ~he o_l<l days ,iould ~"' t ruitle:.s, unless n knowledge of those early hnrdsh1pJ will :e~;~ to in,p11·c those of us who live in easier days. 1\lu~h thnt wa: f one_ rt ve<l (' ·u bo11 uncl Rork Springs in the sixties nn~ seventies, wns n? l n5r581 emnso set • • I • l t 1 s of Germany m , from till' dn vs of Agnco ll HI t ic me a n11nhc L t· d by 11\lr Herbert • • t It. -I t'on from t c am ma c . forth in th!! monumen n I um; a I . t f ·th . the "Complent 'I H , . • the practice sc 01 m Iloo,·e1· ,uHI ., rs. oo~•c1' . o_1 C I !\lining published in the ycur Collier;• the first_ treuttsc wr1t~cn oncra~~on were stripped of the supcr1108. Doubtles;, tf those ~f tl~1s gJn • thev would deYelop the same mensficinl, thnt tcnds to subme;,f::11tt t;ht~f ~vas ;hown in the curlier days. urc of cournge und ullnp ) , · J· ave taken • d t of the Company s mmcs I ) l1t11_Y drn11gcs Ill the con uc . ti10sc which ~ccurrcd in the past • t Itc pn;, t s-. ' "Vcnty•-two •yeai s, · of tie prep Incl' 111 d with the p1·acbces 1 twenty ye1! rs I'll thcr startling whend~omplnreges well set out in the History • • outs tannt mg c rnnthe progress toward ·nnp1•ovcd ceding• half century. 'l'110 First CJ. perhaps dcscrve further comme ;cars of intensive effort, 1?23 to 19~--Safcty, won only nftcr tcn long { ''l 019176.35, was spent m furthering Duri1;g these ten _YClll'S n total otl $ ten y~al's in which 27,752,995 t~ns of the cnusc of Safety and _yet o,·c~d· 1et occurred for each 15,981 madn: l0Uthl'S • d a lost-tune coal was m111c l acci If f en1981 betterment appcared, an m toe of exposure. In th~ las\~;3 ;o 1931: man-hours per nccite~~.;,"~1:eurs, third five-year period, f ·ti r· startling advance, 10 ' ~ f ·• • 1938 came a U1 ic 369 nn-hours o ex 61,165. Then_ Ill • 1939 which reached _12-1<, . mil, included two with n new l11gh pom o~nl -t-ti1~1c nccidcnts, winch trng1ca .) posurc to cnch of the..,' os •• the fotahbes. ·cd in tlie prcced'mg pat•nat'aph, . 9"23 t full • I· • •cntccn years covc1 3 39. . cent in l ' o Durmg t ic sc, I· ·n1'cnllv rose from . .., pc1 d d use of power ·nccl mec 1a • . I t the cxpun ed ,vns not only volurnc o f con1 nu • conclus11•ely t Hl • • 1938 provrng . dcraroun , l oo per cent 111 • • . <l ll,·11·rng an d Joad'in g macl11nc1·y, un o driven cutt111g, t. �262 H1sToRY or UN10:,; PA CIFIC COAt ~hNES 1.~ CONCLUSION compntible with Snfcty, but, more tl111n thut, contributed heuvilv tow ·d snmc. Sepnrntc from the fncto1: of improved saf~ty the cxtradio 11 iu t::is per He rc of min~rnl has b_ccn 11wrc11sc<l 1tpproxu1111tcly_ on~ liundrcd }}ct· cent, an<l, wlrnt 1s cciutdly nnpodnnt, coul_of good qunltt_v 1ncludl•d in the arcn nllocu.tr.d to in<li,;dual ~1ines,. t oo thm to work ccon~1mic nlly by the old ha nd methods, hns ~~en nuned wit)~ the help o f po"-~•· d _t'l\'e_n mnchine r.r. ~Iany tm,1·n1Tn11tcd opmwns to the eA ect that llll·~hun1z11 ~1011 1s n ·,pon:..iblt, for additional mine accidents arc yet mncle from time t o hn1e, el'cn b y tltos, who know that s ince the extension of llll°Cltu11ical loud ing i11 , \ 11;er icn~ ,, mine;., the 11C"t·iclcnt rntio has clecrettscd nutio11nlly. 1111d tlia l the 1110 1 l' Xcmpl1uy safety record:.. now being made n re n eclitcd to 111 i1h', t hat nri• fully mechn11i1.ed. 0 Among the outstnnding contributions to Sa fo ty 11111rle in t he minl•, rnYerNI hy thi;. History is thnt of adcqulltc ventilation "l'c 11 rcd hy s inking 11p-c11,t air :..hufts lot·nted us near ns possible t o tht• Ill 11 nd11 n · of thr propcl'ty, ~hu~ reducing friction hend un~ s topping l<h:.l'•, in,111:i ng udt'quntc ,·cnhlahon 1\t the face where explos1011s III gascou:. 111i1w-, o l'iginutc. Adcquute rol'k-dusting and water curried into e,•cry work111g p luce undl•r p ressm:c, f?r use on the cutte1·-bnr of each nnd every mining mnd 1inl•, nnd for sprmklmg purposes, represents a second line of d efense woefully lnl'king in the old days. Safoty clothing in the form of prot('ctiH• ha t s; i.l1oes, gloves nnd g~ggles, for ycurs a clcfinitc pnrt of cnch ,1·orkma n',, equipment, worn nt nil tunel, when on duty, uboYc 11nd below crrou11d hns made a ddinitt' contribution to the cnus; of Snfety, 1111d till~ :.ub,-titution of d ectric b~tter_v l_11111ps for th_c t·nrbidc lights whi~h hnd succeeded the fetid s moking o.'I st lamp,; of. the e11rlte1· dnys, hus not only 11111de for t he prc,·t•11tio11 of po;sble cxplos1ons, but ha;,; udde<l nmterially to Yi:.ibilih·. _\ C ude of StnndnrcJs u_nd n_Book of Rules, with continuou,, i11stn1dio11°i11 the art of Snfcty, ha,·c likewise contributed towurd n better nct·idcnt t'l•t·ord but nbo,·e ,u;d heYond nil n11<l in "p·,t,. of 1n n · •t • • · I • ·1 I • ' • ~ 'a ) J)ll::, llll:,O'l\' Ul<r,; , 110\\' tapJll \' gone t IC men who pay the 11e11,,Jty of · • 'd t · t:> t"" ., · · ' ,, . •. , _. ncc1 en 110,1 g1Yc tie Company the11· unqua J'1ficd :.uppol't m forwnrdmg the Sufety :\IoYement. · W \'0111ing espec1'nll · • ti d. • • 111•. . , • ). Ill 1c escrt portion, where the Company's 111 111 "; cks c _located, ttddihon to res ting ut a high ele\'11tio11 (Hun1111 6 775 1 6 -1- ,,.. ' · ' ~oc • Sprtngs 6 ·>63 R el' D O ('I ·I· .., '. •- • tn~ce, , t t, mton, 1,261, nnd the portal of the • • n, , .i[tn<: ut Superior 7 •J"'" f t b I I · t Iug • hvmg . . l , • ,f-v;Jt bl 1.•c fu O\'e sen en' ) , :.utters frcquen • It ,,.•inds mukmg Ol' u ' mcom Ie 01·. people uf. u ncn·ous tenipcr1L. mcnt, lllore so when their m·111d· Itns• b<'en 111ntt-r11dl\' s ure not • • occup1cd' 11 situiltion winch hcllJ'd b , )'b1upp1lv ·'bl t I. . • c J a more > cru1 supply of ,vuter mnking pos"~011~I cc,,, gra;,s und flowers. Better schooh; with gYmnn;iums fo l' the ·t'0 ~,tcfommuiuty h?uses for the women nnd girls in p'articula1· in which or conm1un1ty or • 1· 'd ' IIICC' c1113• S c Itoo,, • . 'mon• mt tn uni nnd Sun1 puwd roud t gutherinas . o ' churches . l. 1nd 1111 I " n mos um,·c1·sal au tomob1lc owners up, plu I' d' • t I l ~ .·1,~ ti? tots, be l·p ton_c~, und household rcfriacrntion have nil made a con0 ' ' 11 II 011 o <'ttcr ltvmg. B e,·011d all in import . ti I r . p1'l'1111u1~•nt·t• of l'lll 1!0 ·1 unc~, tot)g t ittle thought of by mnn.v, ts the I } nent thut exists on the property. E,•ery employe 263 who is ,,,(11.iug t o ma i.ntni1~ a rca~onnb~e s t~ndnl'd of conduct hns a pcrmunent pos ition 11n~cs • 111,·ulrdcd by phy~1cu) mcon~pct ence, when the disqualified employ e lrn\'lng t went_y ycnr:. sc1·,·tcc ts pensioned, more thun IL hundl'cd such p e11sio11" grnntcd within the pnst seventeen ycnrs. Employcs o.re not tossed in the discard from a ge on the U nion Pacific propel'ties, and unlei,s ll l,cnl'ficl'n t gove rnment takes over the p ensioning of the older employes till' L•s lal>lis lwd 1u ·m11gc111ent will be continued. 'l'hcl'c L'Xist 0 11 the prope r ty four well uniformed and well truinL'< l bnnck fu lly L'(fllipped with brn:.,, uncl r e<'d ins truments, three of which u1·e trni1wcl by ) I r. ,Jlllnc:.. Su1·tol'is of H ock Springs, together with the splendid!\' l'(}t1i p1w d a nd t rnined )lc.Aulitre's Kiltie B a nd, the pipers and dl'llmmer ~ full y cu:-.t un1cd in Hoy al Stcwtnt Plnids, plus spot'l'an, slm111-dh1t, n<l lll'cl,ic. I liL· ,,.,tllnnt Drn111 ~lujo1· Arthur L. Andet·son wearing an East i'ndinn l1•op11 ,./\,kin nnd imposing bu:>by. The former Pip~ ~lnjor, ~fr. \\'illinm 11. \\ :d luce, who org anized nnd so splendidly tr~ined the ba nd: ,1•.ns rccenl h .. uc·t·l·l'clcd by J>ipe-;\lnjor AJcc ( Snndy ) Dnv,_d son. ~he K1~tt~:. firs t. 11 11d t Ii, 11 only p iper, )lr. ,Jumt•s ' oble, who was d~sa_bled 111 1~3.:,, ts held in ,·o11 t1 mou;, nnd deep nffcction by the younge1: ~1lt1es. Th~ five orgnni;, ,d io n, lt-nd col~H· unc~ li~e t o the 1·c_cuni~g O~d Timers' reunions and mun\' ll-.,-cr l'clebrnt1ons w1ll11n nnd outside 'i\ yommg. • 'J'ltc oul,,tunding c reu tion of the past twenty years wus ~he _organi~nf 'l 'lt • l "nion Pn cific Coal Company's Old Timers' Assoc111,bon, which t• 1011 o tir:,lrc l: embers unio nntHockSpl'ings onJunel 3 •.19•-?5,wt'ti1 969 m.t~ helclib 1 • tt l , The Rcunton not yet. u1v1ng u 111 their \\ i,·L·::, nnd gue~b, n enc ancc. · · ' 9 5 · addressin tnincd t h1.· dignity of un outside sp enker, the wnter ID 1 2 , Ill g the Old Tinwn; suid in part: . . f r o. ·•I rould like to know that you will nil leave tins meeting o . ' . • I • . ·n backtothelnndofmemo1y, few :>hort momcnb t omg 1t, J OUt neyi g . ,) rn , hairs seemed a back to the du,·s when y ou were you_ngc1," 1efi?·gt ) . s,veethco.1·ts ' - d d I • • w1ves were 1s youi long wuy forwur , an w ten) ou1 I to travel bnck ulong the us I hope they ~re yet . I~ dodc~I ~s nof llll'~~ days the foces of those old road, r ecalling tl1c _f nen s l~~~e~ much ~erho.ps we did ~ot we know nnd worked with, nnd ~ot be cli iblc to your nssoc1arig htfully me1ts urc then. A mnr c~n t ta~d at least midway on tion whose years nre such thnt 1e .o~s nod~ s often mixed with the trnil; behind lies_ youth, amb~to~, ~c-~nf;ont the trail winds sorrows that seemed insurmountad e 1en • Jot sec but it is somewes tward towurcl th e sun, the en we Icann·c here ' toniuht w1'JI f orwhere uhend. If ) ' OU men and wo~end'1'' 1? nt1) past rc~nlling that le there' is lot~ o f sueh g et all that wns Itars h a nd unfnen d1 Y bl lJt(and . want t o come • was Joyous • an d cheery • an ova . c d ou will which in the world), _you W1' JI h a ve n good time un y ~::v ·" agam. . ,d since thnt mcmoro.hle Fifteen - n early si~tecn yenl'S ~~:e th:s~ssociation has gro~vn to June day in 1925, an? Ill the mehan. tcr currying on the occ1tswn of • • numbers, chg111ty and m flucnce• t e 1os �HisrORY OF UNION P ,,c1F1c COAL M 1NES 264 IN CONCLUSION the Fifteenth Annual Reunion held on J unc 17, 1939 a t t 1 members (795 names listed as of April 1, 194'0) , witl; 1, 0111 at . of 752 ' of service, • some of t I1csc sc11ttcred throughout t h went_Y to sixty years states, with twelYe old Chinese veterans ?f U1e bitter days of 1; :"1~t~rn 8 in for o-Jf China. We are proud to acclaim t hese elder cmployes a~d 1~•1n_g 11 J. oy to know that many of them have sons, grandsons and e . it 18 .. • . ' ven o-rent O'raudsons, workmg m the Company's mrncs. Pred ato r y dual U • 0 • "' • have from time • to t·m1c entcrcd t I1e fi.eld. fo1·• 'clfi~h e n1ou resent.abvcs t rep• • purposes, . rovel'srnl but from Septem ber I , 1 9 07, when the niiuc w on )t•k , . fl • ] . . l Cl S of Wyounng were rst orga111zec, a contrnumg conha ct ha,. IJccn mu· t . with the United Mine Workers of America. to tlw ,.,atis fuet ion of •:it'necl cerued, and no labor trouble, local to lVyomiuir or the }) l'O]Jet·t· elan• tJ1e t I111· • d o f u century o.f contract agreement. ~ 1es, 1n~• occurred 111 £ ° In the preface to this History of a great properh· o'rt•nt 1•11 tr·nd't· • • t } d• · k · person nel • ' Othe "tat"'in • tI 1011' m 1mpor nnce tot 1e west an Ill its wor •moo , ... en was mnde that numerous men and women put their findings t ogether to make r, - - L -- -===-=-,e:-:::-~:.~~--..,...,_- 265 the story such as it is. There is, however, one man whose Jong connection with the p ropcl't_y made it possible for him more than any othcl' to supply much that was history. Mr. George B. P l'yde, who w·ould not write his own sto ry, contributed more than ilny other person to t he task. In 1968, only twenty-eight years a1rny, a centu ry of operation will have passed, and doubtless there will be at t hat time men and women who will feel p roud to complete the t hen century-old History of t he U nion Pacific mines. B efore closing, the names of two others who have throughout the pat1t twenly years, mudc it possible by their sympathetic help and understamlino-, to bring the property up to its present standing should be mcnLio1~d. l\Ir. Curl R. Gray who came to the Railroad on January 1, 1920, and who passed away while serving the Railroad as Vice Chairman of jt-; B on r<l of D irectors on May 9, 1939, was the first of these. Mr. Gray add re Sc,;{l the Old Timc1·s' Association at Rock Springs on June 11, 1932. The second man to whom much is indebted is Mr. VV. M. Jeffers, who succeeded i\lr. Gray as Prcsideut of the Railroad on O_ctober 1, 1938. ~fr. J eff,: rs nl o addressed the Old Timers at Rock Spnngs at the Reunion held June 17, 1939. It is the standard of service set by these two men that ha sen ·ccl to inspire the mcmagemcnt of the Coal Company throughout. To all our cmployes, old and young, far and near, 11:nd to th~ army of men scattered th roughout the west who once worked m the mmes we send our combined greetings. Eugene McAuliffe. Omaha, Nebr. June 1, 1940. /he_ monument which . d a· . 0I 1 te first mining of luas e icated Sept. 17 1938 to the commemoratwn gru11 1·1 .., • • ' · ' The monument is ' 0/ e 0/u., 1s located incoa the at U Ro . ck S P_nngs, Wyoming. nton Pacific Railroad Company station grounds. 1" �APPENDICES �'(j HISTORY OF UNION PACIFlC COAL MINES X MEMBERS Ow TIMERS' AssocJATION Entered Service at Name Roster of Membership Old Timers' Association The Union Pacific Coal Company Name Entered Service at Year ABRAHAM, DAVID ............... . .Rock Springs . . . .•.. ...... J 881 ARMSTRONG, JACK ........... •• .. Almy • • •..... • • • • .. · · ..... 1888 Anselmi. Germano·>.. • • • • · • • · • • · • • • • Ro~k Spnngs • • • • • • • • • . .. . 189] ANDERSON, A. H."' .. · .. · .... · .. ··.Twin Cre:k ............... 1883 ANGELOVICH, WILLIAM ..... . ..... Rock Spr!ngs ............. 1891 ANGELOVICH, STEVE ...... ··· .. ·· .Rock Spr~ngs • · • • · ........ 1891 ANGELOVICH, SHANDOW . . . .... . . .Rock Spnngs ........ . .... 1895 Annala, Oscar ...... • • • • • • • • • · • • · • · · Car bon • • • • • • • · • · • • • • .... 1900 A'ITRYDE. JAMES·~............ . ... Almy · · • .. · · · · .. · . .. .. ... 1890 Ackerlund. •S. E."' ............. .. ....Cumberland . . ... ... .. .... 1901 Askey. William ..................... Cumberla1!d . . . . . . . . . ... . l 90] Abraham. John ...... .. ........... . . Rock Springs . . ... .. .. ... 1881 Attryde, Edward .................... Spring Va lley . ... . .... .... 1902 Anderson. Henry {Colored) .......... Hanna .... • • . ... . ... .... . 1904, Anderson. John (Colored ) ......... . . Hanna ........ ... .. ..... 1904, Adams. John ... . ..... . ............. Rock Springs .. .. .. . . . . . .. ] 907 Anderson. W. B."' ................... Rock Springs .. . . . . ..... . . 1909 Anselmi, .Michael . ... . .............. Rock Springs ... . . .... .... 1899 Anderson. Alfred R................. Superior ............... . . 1907 Anselmi, Anton ....... . .. . ... . ...... Rock Springs ..... .. ...... 1904Anselmi, Felix .... .. ............... .Superior .. . ........... . .. 1910 Auld, Archie ........ . .............. Rock Sp.rings . ............ 1909 Albertini. Camillo ................. . .Rock Sprinas ............. l 911 • • I1, 11., 1 • R: S pnngs . o ............. 1910 Am1Z1c 11 artrn . .... . .. . ........... ock Aalto, Freel.: ...................... Spring Valley ............. 1904, Alakapt1a. Enc......................Rock Springs ............. 1903 Angeli. Charles ...... . .... . . . ....... Superior ................. 1909 t1dSlrChg, robert. ................. Rock Springs ............. 1911 A ylcl' res ...................... Ec110 .......... . .. . ..... . 1898 Arno ;, kioseJph • • • • • • • • ............ .Superior ......... . ....... ] 907 posta a s, ohn... . . . . . . . . . Hanr,a 191] Acket, John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • Supen·or...... • • .. • .... • • • •1912 An eli R dOI l • •• • • • • • • • . • •• • • • •• •• • • • •• • • Su1ler1or 1914, g ' u P l .... •......... .. ••• • .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , Abram. Josc11h. . . . • • • • • • • • • • ···•••• .Rock Spnngs . . ........... ]90•1, Ahola ·w·11· ·11-, ,'o tll 1ca1m·1·· ·F··· ••••••••... . . . Hanna .......... . . . ...... 1917 Al• ~ 1 r 1. J • 1ar l es , •• • • • • • • • • . . . . . . Hanna ......... . .... . ... . 1916 Anaeli ~ • 19] 3 " • o~ep I. • • . . . . . . . . . Anzele. John............ • • • • • • • • • ~upenor .• • . .•••• • •••••••• Armstron1r Tho L • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Spnngs ...... . .....• 1913 .. . . R kS . 1916 Au~elmi. .,,Ernestmas A....... _- '. • • • • • • • • • • oc • pr~ngs . .••. . ••••• • • Aho. Frank J.......... • .. " .. • ..Rock Spr~ngs ........... . . 1918 Anderson. Arthur L.. .. .' • • • • ·······.Rock Spr~ngs . . ......•..•• 1914 • • • • • ····•·•-Rock Sprmgs ....... . ..... 1917 l',01'£· Lli • • c rne,mbers shown lo capitals • Dcceaeed xi Year Besso, Martin'}···· · ················.Rock Springs ...... . . . ...• 1901 Buxton, Ralph J .......... .. .........Rock Springs ............. 1900 Balen. Marco .................... . ..Rock Springs ............. 1904 Bartela John ....................... Rock Springs ..........•.. 1901 BERGQUIST. EMIL .................Rock Springs ............. 1886 BELMAN, ROBERT (Colored) 0 • . • • . . Rock Spr~ngs . .• . ..• • ••••• 1891 BOW JOSEPH .............. . ...... Rock Spnngs .......••• . •• 1881 Brawiey, James J., Sr................Rock Springs ............ •1900 Booker, A. U . (Colored) ...... . .. ... Roe~ Sprmgs .... • .. • ..... 1899 · J h Spnna . o Valley ............. 1904. 1904 B oggs, osep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . wII. 7 A • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sprmg Valley .... • .. • .... • 881 · f!CY<TS B t >b L,:, t' J:>, , THO1\IAS l·I.... ,:.. ........Carbon • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .1 BL)T 1898 Brook5, Charles (Colored)" - • • ·······Hanna • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1894, BUEHLER, 0. C... · · · · · .... · · .... · .Hanna • ...... " .......... 1905 Brown. George A.• • • • • • · • · • • • • • • • • • .Hanna • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1894, <> Carbon . •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1880 Bt•n so11, George • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • H£At WILLIAM, SR............... Grass Creek ...... .. ...... 1884• RLAC KER, E. GEORGE ........... · .Almy • .... " ............ :1877 HOAi\ 1 PETER SR ...... · · ........ · Almy • ".'... .. .. • • .. • .. • 1896 Balo" •Steve . · · '. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · • .RRockk pr~.ngs ••••••• • ••••• 1893 o• OC • 5pnn"S .. • • • • • • • • • • • Besso ' James . • • •<>• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Al my ............. b . ....• . 1889 Boam. Peter: Jr. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ........... . . 1904, Begovich, lVhke. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • R ck Sprinas ............. 1905 0 Marko• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .Ro k S •. Beooov-ich 5 . • . . oc • pnn" • • • • • • • • • • • • •1904, Begov~ch, Nick ......... .... • : : : : : : : Rock Sprin~s ............. 1904, Al my ...... . ••••• ........ 1888 BegovJCh, John.\'\'• •,1• • • • • • • • • • • Blackwood, J. • ...... ·" ·:: :: ::: :Rock Springs ............. 1903 Borzago, John. • • • • • • • • • •.' .' .' ... _.... Spring Valley ...... . .•• •• •1902 Bedford, R. L .•• ; • • • • • • • . ... . . . ..Grass Creek .......... . .•• 1885 Baanell, John G. • • • • • • • • • • C roberland .... . ....... 1901 Bittance, Frank .. : ......••••• • •••••• Gu Creek ., ........... 1881 l•" . . . rass 1904 A Buchanan, re ne • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs . . • • • · · • • • • • • • Bozner, Frank .......•..•••• • ••••••• Omaha ........ . ......... 1900 Briscoe, F. P ....... " ·" "·"""··.Rock Springs .. .. .. • ...... l 907 Beyers, John (Colored) • • • • • • • •.• .·.'.'.·.Rock Springs . . .........•• 1907 Bonini, Peter. . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • Rock Sprinas ... . ..... . ... 1903 Borcich, Mike<> ..... ••• • •••• •,•.'.'.'.'.'.'.Hanna ... ~ . .............• l 907 Brooks, Edwa~d .. • ........ ·" ...... Rock Springs ...... • .... • •1907 Bergamo, Ennco • • • • • • • • • • • • • : ... . .. Rock Springs ... • • • • • • • • • •1906 Behring, Anthony· • • • • • • • • • · : . .. . .. . Rock Springs • • • • • • • • • • • • •1 Bernik, Frank.············· ... . .... .Wamsutter • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·~907 BELL, DAV1D_ V .... ·... . . • . . .....Hanna · · · · .. · .. • .. " ..... 1909 Baillie, W: Rock Springs ·" • ·" • • ·" • l907 Bale~, Du1g1. ~...... •. ·.·.-.·.-.·.......... Rock Spnngs ··•"·:::::::l910 Bercich, Peter ~ • • • ...... Cumberland • • • • • • • 1910 Bakka, Edwai·d'· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ......Rock Springs • • • • • • • • • • • • • Batich, Matt• · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • s ig~ p.~ ···· ·" ••••·::....... . NOTE: Life members shown In capitals • Deceased �Ht~TO!tY OF (j~101'\ P ,\CIFIC COAL l\ l ti'\t::S Xll Name Entered Service at l\iJEMui,;ns OLo T1~rn11s' AssoctATtoN y car Bergren, Lauri ... . .. . .. . ....•.•.••. •Rock Spr~ngs ........ . .... 1903 Bogus. John .....: .... . ....•••••.•• • •Rock Springs ........... . . 1908 Borman, Charles" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Tono • • • • • • • • • · • • • . . ..... 1909 l3ozovichar, I gnace .................. Cumberland .............. ] 906 Byman. John ...... . ........... . . . . . Hanna . ...... . ........... 1904 Bean. W. H. ...... . ...... . . . ....... .Cumberland .... . ... . ..... ] 9JO Boardman, A. ]•...•.• • • • , • • • • • • • • • •Tono • • • • • • • · • • .......... 1908 Brindley, H.ngh ... . ...•..•.. . .• . •. • •Hanna . •: ................ 191 0 Burns, Patnck ............. . . . ..... .Rock Spnngs ..... . ... .... J9] 0 Burns, Jolm .......... . ... . ......... Reliance .... ... .. . . . . . . .. ]9)0 Baro. 1\Iike............. . .... . ..... . Superior ...... . . .. ...... . 1912 Burns. Nick ......... . .............. Cumberland .... ... .... . .. 1907 Babich, Steve .... . .......... . ... . .. . Rock Springs .. ... . .... . .. ]9B Barwick, John .. . ..... . ....... . ..... Superior ...... . . .. .... . .. 1913 Borcich. Daniel. . . .................. Superior ....... .. .. .. . . .. 19] 3 Bo~cich. Ma:~ L."' .. . •.............. Rock Springs . . . . . . .. .. . . 1911 Batley, A. '\'\1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • Hanna ......... . . . . . .. . . . 19]2 Bain, Emrnell (Colored) . . .... . ...... Hanna ..... . ... .. . ...... . 1904, Bergant. Jacob ••••..•...............Rock Springs .... ... ... . . . 1913 Bernard. Blaz.: ••••............ , .... .Rock Springs ... .. . . ...... 19]3 Bok, Andrew'· •• • : ••• •............ . . Rock Springs .... ...... ... 1913 Borgogno, Gregono •.• . . .......... . . Superior ...... . ..... . .... 1913 Buch~nan. Frank ••••..•.............C11n1berland .............. 19] 3 Balcl!1dge, E. T.. i ....... ....... .... Cheyenne ................ J 915 Bemis: Charles "' •••• •• • • .•......... Rock Springs .. ..... . ..... ] 915 ~erak1s, Steve • ••• • • • •.•••..... . .... Rock Springs ..... . . . ..... ]910 ergamo. BI G Frank • •...... . ...... . ... . .Rock SiJrings . ......... .. . 19]3 1916 a en, eorge • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ........ Rock Spr1· n as Bue I10. S Le,·e •••••.•............. . .. Superior tr • • • • • • • • • • • • • ] 910 Budak. George" . . . . . . . . . . . . R k S · • ~· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · Behrina Wjlli • • • • • • • • • oc pr~ni:,s • · • · · • • · • • • • .19]5 • J""i am.·· · ··········••••. Rock Sprma" 1914• Bno. ot o~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ,1. • • • • • • • • • • • • Hanna 1916 Bluhm, Reynold .... . ... .':.':.·:.':.':.": Rock ·sp·;i~g·~ .. • • .... • • • .. · 19]5 Besso. John S . • •• •• • •• • • • • • • Ie rr·I Luigi•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · · · ..Reliance .. • • • • • • • • .. • • .. • 1916 B1r • • John • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · • .. Cumberland • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1917 131tan~o. Bornb~"i Joh~·· · · .. ••••••••••• • ••• .Rock .Springs ........ .. .. . 1917 Oonell: 'Thom~;··········· • • • • • • • • Supenor .... . ............ 1917 B • d A' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior 1911 n~r • Enna • •• •• •• •• •• •• .• .• •• .• .• .• 1917 Besso. 1 os• •• • rnestS. • • • • • • • · · · · · · • · • . • . _-.'Rock Spr·n·; Birleffi. Mod~t~.. • • " .. • • • • • • • • • • • .Reliance ..... .. ....... .. . ] 915 Blacker Georae ·1~· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · .Cumberland ........ . ..... 1916 Boam. j olm ..~ .• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Cumberland ........ .. ... . 1917 Bosnich. Daniel Hni:na .. .. ........... . ... 19]8 ~utler. Bl•njamin F .. . ... •. •. •. • • • • • • • • • Reliance ... . ... . .......... 1918 Cukale. Frank<> . • • ·· · ····Rock Sprmgs .... . . . ...... 1914 CROFT. TR0;\1.~S; • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs ............. 1904 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ........ . .. . . 1882 1:.'.':::: ·····•• ..... NOTE: Lire mcnibH• shown Jn capital ~ Dc.ct!ascd s Name Entered Service at xiii y ear CHEE, LAO· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • •.Rock Springs ............. 18 80 Chung, Ah • •~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• •RRock Springs . . . . . . . . 1883 1 1 Chokie, om • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ock Springs ... . .... : : : : :1888 Ar thur • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...... Rock Springs • • • • • . • • • . • • • 1893 Cleo-a t,01' Chee. Ah• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs 1892 CROFT. CHARLES W... . .......... . Rock Springs : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1888 Collins Gus. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . .Hanna 1904 Choate: Julian. · · · · · · · · · · · .. .... . ... Hanna ••• •••••••• • •••• • ••190i COX, ROBER!" · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••.•.Carbon • : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 1881 Cook, Thomas" • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ..... Rock Springs ...... . ... .. . 1890 Cardwell, Robert. • • • • • • • • • ...... . . . .Carbon . . ....... . ... . . . .. 1878 Cole, J ol1n ••.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .... .. . Carbon ...... .. . .. . ..... . 1897 Clark, J oseph,c; • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... .Rock Springs ......... ... . 1889 Cook, Ed waid * • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ..... Rock Springs . ... . .. ... .. . 1904 Chinn. Ah .. • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • • • .. ... Rock Springs .. .. ........ . 1881 Chung, Leo<> .. .. • • • • • • • • • • .. • ...... Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1874. Cra,\lfor1i, J. H .. ...... • .. •• .. • ..... Hanna .. . .. ... ... ........ 1901 CUl\iL\U G , DE N IS ............. ..Hanna .... .......... . . ... 1895 Chamber!', Or. Oliver ...... .... . .. .. .Rock Springs ... . ......... 1903 Cummin~s. Robert ........... . ...... Hanna .. ........ ... ..... . 1905 Clark. F~ed .... .................... Rock Springs .. .. ... ...... ]907 Cumminn-s, Roy ...... ... ... .........Hanna . .... .. .. . ..... . ... 1906 Croft. ~lyrle ... .. .... . ..... . ... . ... .Rock Springs ........... . . 1905 Chau~sa rt. Peter ........ ............ .Hanna ........... . . . • .. • .1900 Christian. Wm. C. (Colo recl) * .. . . ....Hanna ... .. . . ..... . . . .... 1900 Cl k I J Gateway ................. 1899 c1:~k'. Rob~r·t: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :Tono • • •.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •19 7 .. • • • • · · • · · • .1909 •1907 0 Corazza, J o h n r". • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Spnnas Crank. George .. •• • ••·· · ······· ·· · · .Tono . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·:: .1909 Conzatti, Edward .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Super!or • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1909 Conzatti, Felix ..... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .S~penoCr • :1904 Craver. Ezra H .. . ... • • · · · · · · ···· · ·· .Bitter R~ee ·""" .. ·.. 1906 • • • • • •1910 Curtis, Peter . . • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Green. 1ver • • • • • • • • ...... • BenJam • 1n • ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • ···Hanna Supenor .• • • • • • • • • • Came, .......... . ........ 1911 1 ..... . •.••• • ••••••••• R k S ·nas Campbell. Join ...... 1898 • •N1ck • •••• . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock• Spr1·n°as • • • • • • • . ..... 1911 ConzattJ. • OC pr1 D • • • •. •. Carlson, Carl J . ....... • • · • · • • • • • • • • S . .. .... 1909 • • • • .. .. · 1909 Carter, A. C.. . ••.•••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·supenor · r • • • • • • • ..... Chadwick. Herbert. ...•• • • • • • • • • • • • • Tupeno • • • • • • • ....... . • .1 912 • •Albert • ono • • • • • • • • • •.......... •1895 Colvm. . ... • . ..• ••••••••••• • ·Alm 1912 • • • • • Y .. • ·..... Coo~ ~1lha~, Sr.• • • • • ...... "·· : ::superior ...... · .. • • • • • • "1908 Call~on, Battista •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. Rock Springs • · · • · • ...... •1913 Collms, John •• • • • .. • • • • " • • • • •. •. •. •. ..Rock Springs • " • • • • " : : : : 1906 Croft, .Clyde_. ·: • • .. • • • • • • • • • •• ... ... Cumberland • • • • • • .. • • .... 1913 Crombie, Wilham •• • • • • • • • • • • • Superior . . • · · • • • • • • • • 1900 Chesnjev~r~ Anton •• ••····· · ·· ·.-.-::.'.Rock Springs···· · ··· · · · ··· Card, Wilham ...... •••••••••• ° k" •.. •.. "· .. : NOTE: L!!e membel'S shown In capitals • Deceased �HISTORY OF UNION P ACIFIC COAL M tNES XIV MEMBERS OLD TI MERS' ASSOCIATION Name E ntered S erv ice at Year Cook, Benjamin••••····· · · • • • • • • • • • Hann~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. l 915 Calleoni, Ricardo• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Su penor • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... 1913 Clark. Wendell B...... · · • · · • .... • • • .Cumberla~cl • • • • • • · • · · • ... 1917 Crippa, Paul .. .. . .... ....... ... ... . Rock Sp r mgs .. .. . . ...... . 1914 Carnahan, 'William . .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Hanna • •. • • • • • • • • • • · • • .... 1917 Cook, Arthur ...... . ... . • . • • • • • • • • • · Rock Spnngs · · · • • • • . ..... 1917 Cotsifakis, George .. • .. . ••••• • • ·····.Hanna • • • • • • • • • · • · • • .. - .. 191 l Cruickshank. George .............. •• .Hanna • •,- • • • • • , • • .. . . . .. . }9) 7 Castigliano, SeveriJ1a ........ .. . . . .. ..Rock Sµnngs .... .... . .. .. 1917 Crombie. Bert C... .. . . .......... . .. Hanna • • • • .. .. ... .. .. . ... 1914 Donnjan, Tony .. .... . . ... . . . ....... Rock Springs .. ... .. .. ... . 190<!, Dorigatti, J .. .......... , .. ..........Rock Springs . . • .. ...... .. 1901 Darling. George N... . .............. .Rock Springs . ... . . . . .. ... 1901 DOAK JOHN, SR. . . . ........ . ..... Rock Springs . . ... ... .. ... 1894 Durham. Charles H.<' ................Rock Spr ings . .. . . .... . ... 1888 DAVIS. WILLIAM* ... ... .... . . . ....Rock S prings . .. .. . .. ... .. 1886 DYETT, JOSEPH . . . . . .............. Rock Springs . .. . . .. . . . . . . 1883 DEWAR, JAMES R................. Omaha ........ .... ... . ... 1886 Delpria, John ........... . ... .. . .. ...Rock Springs ... ... . . . . .. . 1891 Daniels. John ...................... Spring Valley ... ..... . .. .. 1901 DAVIS, THOMAS~· ... ....... ..... . . Rock Springs ............ . 1899 DONA, BONIFACIO ..... .. . ... .. ... Rock Springs .... .. . . . .... 1889 Drysda~e, John" ... . ............ . . .. Rock Springs .. . .......... 1892 De~uJher. T?ny . . . .. .. .. ... .. ... . .. Rock Springs . .. . ......... 1898 Damels, Darnel . . ....... . .. . ........ A1my .... .. . . ... ......... 1896 Dexter, Richard, Sr.... . . . . . . ...... . .Cumberland ....... . .. .. .. )901 goANE. A. H.... .... ..............Omaha . . . .. . ............. 1893 Dan~els, Elijah •... . .. .. . ....... .. .. Almy .................... 1900 Die insp1, William ... . ..... . . .. .. .. .Hanna .. ...... . ...... .... 1906 Rock Spr1·1·10's 1906 ugas, aul" • • • • .. • ...... . . . • •• ••• ·supe1··1or i:, ............. 1908 Dolgas. Mike''··. . . . . . . . D . H ............ .. .... ..... .. .. .. · avis, enry • • .. • .. . . .. .. . . . . Rock Spr1'11m, 1908 Dexter, John· · · · . . . . . • •• •• •Cu. mber landi:,• •• •• •• • • ••••• 1908 Dierden, • • ...... D EdLou · .... .. .. ••••• •••••••• •. •. •. •. •..• •..• Superi·or . . ..• .... .. . ... . . . ....• 1910 . uun, wm . • • • • • • • • •. . .. Rock S1>r1·n•r 1911 D dd~ R ••• •••• •• ot- • • • • • • • • • • • • • Do ,, Gay •••• • •••... .. . ........ .. Hanna . . . ...... ...... . . .. 1910 agres, ust........ . R k S . O' 1913 Dellai Attilio... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • oc pr!nbs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dcxt ' S l • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ···•• .Rock Springs .. .. .. .... • .. 1909 • er, amue Dalsasso Ar •.,• •1O• • • • • • • •. • • • • • • • • • Cumbe. r Ian d • • • • ... • . . •• • • 1901 Superior 1914 ••• •••• •• • Dalnoda' Bcanoe t ••• •• •• •• • •• • • • • • •• • • •• • Doriahi \:r or • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior . . .. .. .. . ..... . .. 1913 o • man • .. ...... . .. . ..... . 1913 Drna~. Tony. . . ..... . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Supenor • • • • • • • • • • ·····••Rock Sprmgs . . ........... 1913 Dcmt:har. Jack Deneley. Aar0 I•• 1 s · .... · · · · · · · · · · · · · .Rock Springs .. . .. .. . . ... . 1909 Dona. °Jolm . _ ' r. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• .. Reliance ... . .... . ..... . .. 19)2 Davis. David.· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · Cumberland .. .. ... ....... 1916 · ··· ···· ·· · ·· ·· · ······rono ················· ... 1917 !\OT£: Life members shown In cnpltaJs • Decensed Name Entered Service at Year D~sovich, feter •••••••.•............Reliance . . . .. .. ... ... . .. . 1917 Elias, A. \ •• • • • • • • • • . •. • . .. ...... .. Rock Springs .... . ........ 1900 ECKMAN, NELS ••• •. . .. .... . ... ... Hanna .. . ... . . . . . .. . . . . .. 1890 ERICKSON, CARL . .... ·,; .. . ... .. .. Hanna ................... 1893 E~ WARDS, THOMAS T . ...........Rock Springs .... . ...... .. 1879 Ev1ch, John ••• • • . • • • . . . .. .. ... . .... Rock Springs . .... . ..... .. 1905 Ed.wards, D. R•.•.... . .. .. ... ....... Almy . .. . ................ 1893 Eliason, 1\~a.t t • • •• • • • .•... . ..... .....Rock Springs ...... . ...... 1895 Ecker, Lu.1g~• • • • • • • • • • • • ............Rock Springs ............. 1905 Eynon W1l.harn ••••..•• . ... .... . . ... Grass Creek . ... .. .... .. .. 1885 EDWARDS. T. L ... . ..... . .. ....... Almy . ........ ........ ... 1888 Eva~1s, Jack;•• • • • • • • • • • • • .. . ... . ... Rock Springs .... . .. . .. . . . 1891 Eon .. Frank • • • • • • • • .. • • . .... ..... . Rock Springs ...... . . .. .. . 1910 E beling. Rudolph ....... . ........ . .. Reliance ....... . . ... . . ... 1912 Easton. Alex• • • • • • • • . . • • ...... ..... Reliance . . ... ... .. .. .. . . . 1914 Easton, John.•••• • .. •• . ..... . .... . . Reliance . .. . . ......... . . . 1914 Erzen. Benjamin••• • .. • .. .. .. ....... Rock Springs .... .. .... ... 1913 Edlund. i\la ndy ......... .. .......... Hanna ................... 1913 Ed,\ ards. Thomas, Jr.... . ... . .. . .. .. Cumberland .... .. .... . ... 1916 Ellis. i\lorris . . .... • . . ........ ... ... Superior ... .... . ... ...... 1916 Ellis, W1ill inm ...................... Superior ................. )917 Fea rn. Lvn,an ..... . ..... . .......... Cumberland ...... .. .. .. . . 1904 Foster. Thonms ..................... Rock Springs . .. . ....... . . 1899 Fitchet t. Gt1orge . .. . .... . ....... . ....Rock Springs . ...... . .. . . . 1889 Fearn. Janie,; ... ........ . ... .. ... ... Cumberland .............. 1905 fortuna. Andrew* ..... . .............Rock Sp.rings . .. . .. . ..... . 1902 Fong, Ah . . .. ..... ... . . ... ... .. ... . Rock Springs ... .. . ... . ... 1884 Farno, Joseph* ...... .. .. .. . .... . ... Rock Springs ... .. .... . ... 1892 FIRMAGE. JOHN, SR .... . .. ... . . ... Rock Springs ............. 1888 Faddis. Da vid T . . ........ .. .........Cumberland ....... .. ..... 1901 Frank. Alex M... . . .. . .. ............Rock Springs ............. 1905 Felix, Edward ...................... Cumberland .. ... ... ...... 1901 Fabiny, John .. .. .... . ... ....... .. .. Rock Springs .. . .. . . . .. ... 1907 Firmage, John, Jr.. .. .. .. . .. .. . ... .. Rock Springs . .. . .... ... .. 1907 Finch, James ...... . . ............... Hanna ....... • . • • • • • • • • • • l 907 Free~an, William ........... . . ......Hanna ....... • •. • • • • • • • • •1908 Friend, Charles ...... .. ....... . .... . Tono ....... . .. • • • • • • • • • •1907 Farantt 1910 . ' Jolln . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • ..Superior · .. . .............. 1910 Fia nn. Peter .. . .. .. . .... ... ...... .. .Rock Spl'mgs . . ••••• •••••• 1907 • I J 0 ll? ,:. • ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Cumberland ..• • • .......... • • • • • • • • • •}908 Fam ' IC l, . r Franch, Aclulle ... ... ... ... .. • • • • · · .SuperJo • • • • • • Fischer, Joseph* .. . ................. Rattlesnake • ...... • ·:: :::: 1908 1911 Forsyth, John .... .............. •· • • • .Tono . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • l 913 Floretta, Adolph .... . . ...... . .. •••· .Superior • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1892 • .... • .. •1901 Fo,vkes, R . W . ......... • .. · • .. ·.... Almy · .......... d Farnsworth, Charles W .... . . .. . . • • · · .Cumb?rlan • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1913 • Luigi .................... • • • ·~C::uper1or • • • •• • , • • • •• • • • F•aun, NOTE: L ile members shown in cnpJtals • Deceased xv �u HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES xvi Name Entered Ser·uice al MEMBERS OLD TIMERS' ASSOCIATION Yeu.r Forakis, Paul A.. •••• ···· ··· ·· ····· .Hanna • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • ... 19]2 Foote, Donald C.. • • • • • • • • • • • ·······Hanna • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • ... . ]9]4 Fugino, Jenpi ................. . .... .Cheyenne ......... . ...... 19]0 Faddis. James P....... . ............ .Cumberland .......... . ... 19 05 French, Charles, Sr. ................. Cumberland .. . ........... 1912 Fm,ik, Nick ........................ Cumberland ........ . ... . . 1916 Fermelia, John ... ... ...• • •. • • • • • • · • Hanna · ·: • · · · · • • • ........ ] 9] 5 Fermon, Benjamin F. (Colored ) ..... •Rock Spnngs ... . . . ....... 1919 GREGORY. CHARLES .............. Rock Springs .... .. ... .. .. 1895 GENETII. JAi\lES 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ... . . .. .. .. .. 1891 Golob, Frank .................. . .... Rock Springs ... ... . .. .. .. ]904 GREEN\rOOD. ALEX ...............Carbon . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. 1892 GLAD. JACK" ..................... Dana . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . 1891 Goddard. John ..................... .Spring Valley ... . . . . . . . . .. 1903 Goddard. Harry!> ..... .. ............ Almy ......... . . ... ... . .. 1884, GIBBS. RICHARD ..................Scofield ....... . . . .. .. .. . . 1894 Grosso, Barlon ......................Rock Springs .... ... ... . . . 1897 Ganzler, John!> ..................... Rock Springs ... . . .. .. . . . 1905 Griffith, James A.•............ . . . .. .Omaha ......... .. . .. .. . . . 1886 Gonzales. James" ..•.. . .... . ........ Rock Springs ... ... . . .. . . . 1900 Gras7• August* •••••..••............ Rock Springs ..... . ..... . . 1892 Gled1ch, Joseph ••.•.................Rock Springs ..... . . . ..... 1901 Gregory. H~~I~ ••••................. Rock Springs ........... . . 1899 Goddard, '\'\ 11lrnm •••...•......... . ..Spring Valley ............. 1901 Groutage, H•. J•..•................. .Spring Valley ............. 1898 G~outage. Wmn H••••.•..... . ...... .Spring Valley ............. 1890 G1ov?l.e,. John •• •••• • .... ........... Rock Springs ............. 1907 Gent!!!"!• August. •••••. •............Rock Springs ..... . ....... 1905 G~n!1h~1, J1ames •••••••••........... Rock Spring:; ..... . ....... 1891 G1ll1spk1~, NGath~1 (Colored ) .... . .... . Hanna ....... .. .......... 1907 G rat ra ·1s. ust . . . . . . . . . . . H 1909 Griffith"~. Le\\IS.···............ ·• " • • • • • • • Rock annaSpnnas • ·: • • • • • • • " • • · .... ]900 GeorgeI8 k.· is. Georgc ................ • • • • •Super·1or o • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1911 . .. .............. . G8 I8551• p , eter • • • • • • • • •.• • Cumberland 1912 Gerrard, James. • • • • • • • • •... • • • •. • • • • • " Rock Spnn<>s · • • • • • • • · • • · · · · 1912 Goddard. Walt • •• ••• • o •••••• ••••••• Graber F ker ••••••••••••••••.... Cumberland .............. 1913 ' ran • .. • • • • • Hann 1915 GGrillos. John .. . ...... :::::::: •••••• Hannaa ................... 1913 askell Alb t •• • • • • • •• • •• •• •• • • •• •• • • • Grohar' Pet er ••••••••••••••••..... Hanna ................... 1917 Gilfilla~. o::ici. B••• • • • • • • · • • • · · · · · .Cumberland .............. l 917 GI avata. Peter. . . .•.• .•.• .. • • • • • • • • • • • • •Tono • • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1913 HOW. AH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Spnngs ............. 1917 Hll\l. AH"·......... •.•... •• .. •••••••••••. Rock Sp~ngs ........... . . 1884 Hughes, '\'i". w. ,~ .. : : '. : • • • • • • • • • · · · • .Rock Spnngs .. .. . . ....... 1882 Hunt, J. M. (Colored) .....'.'.'.'.'.·····• .Carbon .................. 1893 Henkel! A T <> • • • • • • Hanna .............. . .... 1898 ' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .••.Hanna ................... 1905 NOTE: Ltro members abown In caplLllls • Dcct36ed Name xvii Entered Service at Year Hill. Ludvig •.••.•.••• • •............Hanna ................... 1900 Haikio, Jack" •. •••• • ••••• .......... Rock Springs ............. 1890 HUNTER, JOHN, SR. ............... Almy .................... 1888 11 Holen, John 0 . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Baldwin .... .. ....... . ... 1881 Hood. Andrew G...•............. . .. Almy ....... . ............ 1898 Henkel I. Theo. P ... ...... • ... : ....... Hanna ...... . ............ 1874 Hardin. Albert. .••............ ... . . .Rock Springs ... .......... 1905 Harvey. Ben . . .... .. .... .. ..........Rock Springs ............. 1897 Harvey. Mo es" ...... . ..............Rock Springs ........ .. ... 1885 Holmf's. John" ..................... .Rock Springs .. . .......... 1886 Hopp, Charles .... , .................Rock Springs ......... .. .. 1889 Hanlon. Daniel ............ .. ....... Cumberland .......... . ... 1904 Hodgson. Colin ... . . . ...... . ...... . . Hanna ................ . .. 1905 Huhlal a. J. A........... . ........ . ..Hanna ................. . . 1905 Hill. John'1 ••• • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . . • • Carbon .................. 1898 Heni= al11. Clwrle " . ... .. . ............ Rock Springs ............. 1906 Higgi11~. Chu rlcs ............. . ...... Hanna .............. • .. • .1906 Hattori I .. . .. .. ... .. ........... Hanna ................... 1907 Homa n' 1-l;,~old ... . . . ... ... ......... Cumberland .......... • • • .1908 Hick-- \.I b1•1 t .. ... . ...... . .......... Rock Springs ........... · · 1897 •·"\\ l· 11·,a I1•' . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ......... .... ]902 l-1·11 I ] 907 Hill: Hobert 11. . .. . ................. Rock .Springs ....... • • • .. • E•l I\\ anI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior . • . ........... • • •1910 • Han k·1ng, 1910 l) • Ha 11, avlCl • · ..... • ... ' ..... •. . . . • . Tono . .. ... · ... • .. • • • • · · · • · 1899 Rock Spnngs .. • • • • • • • .. • · HI·11r ' E•• Ji\l I ,· • ••K•• •• • •••••••••••••••• ·Rock Springs . .. · · .. · · · · · .1906 Ha ner. o 111 • . . • .. • • • • • . . • .. • • • • • • 1885 N I Rock Sprmgs .. • • • • • • • • • • • Ha1d1sen, CCI s ·1· • ·c·•••• ••••••• •••• ••• Hanna .. . ................ 1911 Hu son. 1ur es •· • • • .. • • .. • • • • • • • 1913 Hu 0 hes. John B. .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .HanknaS • •.• •••••••••••••••• 1909 • Harrington. H. J. • • • · .. • .. • • • • • • • • .. Roe • prmgs • • · • • · • .. • • .. 1913 Harrison, James .. ········· ·· ·· · ·••• HRanknaS. •.•••••••••••••••• •1911 . oc pnnas ........ . ... . O •• 1914 Hill John \'\ •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·H ' 11 anna .• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • 1911 kS • Hakala Anselm •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ' • • Roe pnngs • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. 1906 Hurakop1s. Chris ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·c b I d Hekkunen Ernest •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hum er an • • • • • • • • • • • • .. 1913 ' • anna .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Huht.ula,GEh •••••••••••••••••••••• : :cumberland .............. 11991165 Hatz1s, eorge •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • H · .. · · .. Hvvonen, Andrew .•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Canna b l•• •d• • • • • • • • • 1916 1 um er an • ............. • • • • • • • • • • • • •19 • Ham?lm, C. W...•••••••••••••••••• Rock Springs 06 Harrigan, Hugh ...•.. •• •• ······ ···· ·H ....... 1916 • " n ....... · · · · · · • · • • • • Hanna .• • • • • • • • • • • ....... 1909 Hennmasen, E. o Holma Anton .••..•••• •••••••••••• ·s anna. • • • • • • • • • • • •. ....... 1913 • upenor • • • • • • • • • Hudson, James .......... •••• • •••••• R k SpTings ............. }917 Highley, Charles F.•.••• • • • • • • • • • • • • Co~berland .............. 1916 Ho man, De I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Superior u ... . ........... . . 1917 Holmes, John .........•••••••••• • •• R k Sprin"'S ............. 1913 t> Hansen, H ans ......... ••· · ····· . ... ' oc 0 NOTE: Life rul•mbers sbnwn In capitals • Deceo.•ed fl_ �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES xviii MEMBERS OLD 1'1MERs' AssoctATtoN Name Entered Service at Year Hathis, Frank J ••• • •, • • • • • • • • ····· ··Hanna • • • • • • • • • · · · · · • .... 1914 Iredale, Joseph •• • - • • • • • • • • • • ·······Carbon • • • • • • • • • · · · · • .... 1878 Isaacson, John .. ••.••••••·········· .Carbon • • • • • · · · · · · · • ..... 1897 Ishizaki, Kichsa ..•.•••••• • • • • • • • • • • .Hanna • •. • • • · · · • • • • . ...... 1909 Jugovich. Anton ............. , . , .. •• R?ck Spr~ngs , ..... ....... 1902 JOHNSON, AXEL. .......... . ...... Rock Sprmgs ............. 1890 0 JONES, JOHN E. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ............. 1891 JAMES. JESSE . . ........ ... ........ Rock Springs ............. 1892 Julius, Louis* ...................... Rock Springs ............ ,. }899 Johnson, Eli ....••...•...... • . . . •• . .Hanna • • • • • • •. • .... . .. ... 1905 Jackson, Joseph................. ... ..Carbon . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . 1900 JOHNSON, AXEL .................. Rock Springs .... . . ...... . 1895 JOHNSON, CHRIS ..................Rock Springs . . . . . . .. .. .. 1885 Jelouclian. Thomas •...... .. . . ....... Rock Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . 1905 Jones. J. \'\' ... . .....................Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 894, Jim, Ah" ••..•..................... Rock Springs . . . . . . .. ... . 1881 James, Thomas* •.•................. Rock Springs .... ... .. ... . 1905 James, Harry ••••••••......... . ..... Rock Springs ..... ... .. .. . 1904 Jones, Evan •••••••...... .. ......... Carbon ......... . .. ... .. . 1901 Jenkins, D. M...................... .Cumberland ....... . ... . .. 1902 Jelouchan, Alex . ........ .... ........Rock Springs ............. 1906 Johnson, J ohn K.•.••......... ...... Hanna ................... 1899 Jereb, ! oseph •• ~,·, ••••.•........... . Rock Springs ............ . ]907 Jetkosk1, J~_seph •••••.••.. . ........ Cumberland .............. 1905 Jacks~n, \'\ ilham ••••................Rock Springs .......... . .. 1908 Jug?v1ch, Anton0 A••.•.... . ......... .Rock Springs ............. 1907 Jackson, Joseph • • • • •••••.......... .Rock Springs ...... .. ..... J 908 1910 Jones, Henry• • • • • • • • • • • • . . . , ..... .. Hanna J elaca, Tony.... . ........ . . S · • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • 9 9 J J h • • • • • • • • upenor ...... ...... ... .. I O ones, osep • • • - • - • • • • - . • ...... ... .Hanna 1913 Jones, John.·······••·• Hanna • • • • .. • • • • • • • • .. • • 1913 Johnson, Clarence ...... .'.'.·.·.·_-_-_-_·_-·· Reliance······· ···· ········ 1913 Jelaca J •I1 • •• · • • • • • • • • • • • .. • .. • Jensen• Nosep 1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Supeno r • • • • · · • • • • • ..... . 1915 Jerash~1 / i5° 1 ••••••••••• • • • · · • • · · · · .Omah~ · · · . · , ............. 1889 Jerasha L~ ~· • • • • ' · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .Super!or • • • • • • • .... . ..... 1912 ' J. uis. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Supeno r • • • • • , - ......... . 1913 Johnson. K.. •..• •...... •••• •• •••••••Hanna ................... 1909 Johnson Walt • erGEORGE · •• •• •• •• Cumbe_ran I d • • • • · • • • · • • · · • 1915 KRICHBAUM. Kovach Jose h ' • • • • • • • • Baldwin .................. 1888 P • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Spr1·nas 1905 K udar, ' lgnatz. .... .. . • . b • •• • • • •• •• •• • Kaminiski John • • • • • .. • • • • • • • Rock Sprmgs ............. 1904 K?rmus, j 051!ph: _·:::: .":: .• .• .• .'::: • • • • Roe~ Spr!ngs ......... .. .. 1902 Kim Leo • • • • .Rock Sprm gs ........ . .... 1899 Kuh;li ·M·a-ti:: ." .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · Rock Springs . ............ 1900 Koski ' John • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .Rock Springs ............. 1902 Kumpula, Eii·.-.-.-.·.-.·_-_- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs ............. 1903 • • • • • • • ··••• • •.Hanna ..... ... . . ......... 1901 0 SR~-- .. ••• .NOTI::: Life members shown In t11,pJl.lll1 • Dett:latd Name Ent,crcil Service at xix Year Knutt. Jacob ••••••. . •.............. Hanna ................. . . 1904 Kobler, John •••.....•.............. Cumberland .............. 1900 Kolesar. John ••••.................. .Cumberland .............. 1903 Kukoy, Paul"' ..... . ........... . .....Cumberland . .. . .......... 1903 Kong, ] oe ..........................Rock Springs ............. 1880 Kwong. You" .......................Rock Springs ............. 1883 Klemens. l\Iatt ...................... Rock Springs ............. 1903 Knezevich, Bozo ..... ......... . .. ... .Rock Springs ............. 1904 ·~ jc lquist August* ............. . .... Rock Springs .......... .. . 1893 Kd Iy J;seph ........ . ............ ..Rock Sprin~s ............. 1900 Kuli~ll. John . ................ . ..... Rock Springs .......... ... 1898 Kuutto Albert ...................... Hanna ................. . . 1904 f' u ls'· Charles Cumberland .............. 1906 ' m1 I. • •• • •••••••••••••••• Rock S rinas ............. 1906 P. 0 1906 l\.umar, J ohn •• • .. • • .. • • .. • • • • • .. ·.. , J ames •••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Sprmgs ............ . 1902 1..._nox, . Kudar, J ohn ................... .. .. .RRockk: SSpr!ngs •••••• ••• • ••• 1907 ,, • Il b. a um. Henrr' ..... ' '. . . . . . . . . . oc pnnas . ........ .. . . 1909 0 Knc K • I • F k" Hanna .. . ............... . r onts n , 1' ran ·, •••••••••••••••••••• Rock Springs ..... , ....... 1907 h.ramer. oscp 1 •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 1909 , Casper .. ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·R Supen or •.... • .. • • • • • • • • • •18% Knipa. k S oc • prmgs .. . ......... . Kinghorn. JoIm. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·Rock S pnnas · ............ . 1909 Kooz?er. An.ton •• • • • • • • • • • • • ········Hanna .. . ~............. .. 1909 I ouns. Mannus. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • S • 1909 . .•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1910 Kalister John ..............•.•••••• Supenor • .. • • • • • · • • • • • • • • 1911 • Kcnsche' Herman. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • S uperior • upenor .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Kettle, John •• •:•••················ ·Rock Springs ............. 1911 Knezev!ch, Lo111s •.; • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Springs ........... . . 1906 Knezevich Marko • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Bl ffs 1907 • • ounc11 u • • • • • • • • • • • • • Knezevich. N~ck ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·Cumberland .............. 1908 Kragovich. Nick •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·Reliance .... ............. 1912 Kalan, Grego~ •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs ............. 1913 Kobler, Mart111: •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Su erior ... . ......... .... 1913 erior .. ..... ..... ..... 1913 Kladianos. LOUIS • • • ••• ••••••••••••• • h, F'rai1k.. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock p Springs • • · · · · · • • • • • • 1898 Kmetic Korogi, l\!like ....••••••••••••••••• • ·.Hanna ................... 1909 Kroaer Peter ..•••. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • H 1913 . :o , . . . . . . . . . anna . . • • • • • • • • • • ....... 1913 Kivi, John· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . Reliance . • · · · · • • • • • • • • • • •1910 Korh?nen, Seth.······ · ·_-_-_-_- _-_-_-_-.-.-.-. .Evanston .. • · · · · · • • • • • • • • • l9ll Kos111. S. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Hanna .. • • · · · · · • • • • • • • • • • Kussa~, Hachi~o • • • • • • • • • • •. •. •. •. •. •. •. ·.·.Superior .. • · · · • · • • • • • • • • • Knezevich, Manon········· ..Superior • • · · · · · · • • • • • • • • • 1917 Kauchicb, Steve.·······_-.'_-_-_-_-_-:.':: .. Rock Spr~ngs • · · .. • • • • • • • • l918 Krik, Kasper.·· · · ·· ··· .......... Rock Sprmgs • · • • • • • • • • • • :l919 Krza, Johi:1 · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. . ....... Cumberland • • • • • •• • • • • • • .1918 Kallas, Michael··········· ....... Winton .. • · · · • • • • • • • • • • • 1918 Kaul, Floyd A.· • • • • • • • • • • • • • ......Rawlins ... • • · • • • • •• • • • Keehner, Edward R ...••••••••• ·c . ·s/ }i{~ NOTE: Life members shown In cnplta.l s • Deceo.artd �xx HTSTORY OF U NION PACITJC COAL MINES MEMBERS Oto T1r.rnns' AssocuT10N Name Entered Service at Y ear Kerr, Gaddis .. .. .... . ... ... ........ Hanna .. .... . .... . ... . ... 1918 Koman. John J .. . . . ... . . . .......... Superior ...... . .. ..... . .. 1916 Kovach. John ..... : ........ .. .. . ....Rel iance . ....... ... . .... . 1919 Litt, Yee ......... . ... . . .. ....... ... Rock Springs ... . ........ . 1896 Lisko, George .. .. . .. . .. .... . .. . . ... .Rock Springs .... .... . .... 190] LEWIS, BENJAMIN ..... .... . ..... . .Rock Springs . ............ 1891 LeMARR. THOMAS M .. .. . . ........ Rock S prings . . . .. . . . . .... 1880 LEE. WILLIAM K.* ... .... . ........ Baldwin ............. . . . . 1882 Lee, Joseph ........................ Carbon ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . 1904 Lucas. Joseph . . .. .. .. ........... . .. Ha nna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11)()1. Lindroos. Oscar E... .... ... ......... Rock Springs ..... .. . . . . . . 1902 Lasko, John ........................ Rock Springs ..... . . .. . , . . JgCJ6 Leadbetter. Benjamin * .. ...... . . .. ... Rock Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . 191l5 LACEY. JOHN \"V.* . . .. . . ...........Cheyenne . .... . . . . . . .. . . 18t!6 Lottma. John . . .................... . Hanna .. ....... . . . ... . . . . 1899 Love, Thomas .... . ..... . ........... Carbon . . .. . ..... .. .. . . . . J90 I Lee. John ...... . ... .. ............ . . Hanna .. . .. . .... .. . .. .... 1907 Lei~o. L eander .. . ... .. .. ........... .Hanna .......... . .. . . .... 1907 Lewis, Richard. Sr:" ........ .. ...... .Rock Springs ..... . . ...... 1886 Lehti. John . . ........ .. ... .. . .......Hanna ..... . .......... ... ] 904Lacr~ix, Hubert ........... , . ... . ....Cumberland .............. 1909 Lahti. Mike . . ...................... Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1906 Leino, John ....... .... . ............ Rock Springs .... . .. ... .. . 1908 Lappala, August .. . ..... . . .. .. .... .. Hanna ...... . .. . . . .. . . . .. 19 10 Lind, John* .. .. ... ... ...... .... .. . . Rock Springs ..... . .. . . . . . 190(> L ambros. S.11iros . .. .. . ......... . .... Superior ............. . .. . 1907 Lemich, Louis . .. . . . .... . ........... Superior ................. ]910 Lynn. V;raino .......... . .... . ... . ... Hanna . . ................. 1910 Lemoine. Joseph H .................. Hanna ................... 191 l Lightner, Charles .... . . . ............ Rock Springs . . .. . . . . .... . 1907 Lipponen, Peter ..... . .. .......... .. .Cumberland .... . .. . ...... 1901 Lauder. A. C.... ...... . .. .. .. ... ... Superior .......... . ...... 1907 Lewis, Richard, Jr.... .. ............. Rock Springs ............. 1912 Lehto, Frank ... . ....... . .. .... . .... Hanna ................... 1911 Leesco. John .. . .. .... . . .. . . ...... . . Cumberland ....... . .. .. .. 1914 Lewis, · John R. ........ . ...... . ..... Rock Springs .... . ........ 1912 Libby, James L." .... . . ... ..... ... .. Rock Springs .. ... . ....... ]906 Levar, Nick ......... . ....... . .. . . . . SuperioT ............. .. .. 1918 Larsen, Joubert L. ..... . ......... . .. Rock Springs ............. ]916 McMillan, William ...... . . .. .. .... .. Rock Springs .... . .. ... . . . ]902 McMahon, Peter* .... . ....... ... . ... Rock Springs ...... . ...... 1888 McTEE. JOHN, JR....... .. .. .. ..... Rock Springs ......... . ... 1896 McTEE, JOSEPH, SR.* ..............Rock Springs ... ....... . .. 1890 McIntosh, William" ...... ... ........ Rock Springs .. .. . .. ...... 1895 McCARTY. FRANK L. .. ............ Almy ............. . ... . .. 1886 McTEE. JOHN. SR.* ...... . ... . .....Rock Springs ......... .... 1889 McMillan. Robert-=· .... .... ... . . .... . Rocle Springs ........ . .... 1885 :-IOTE: Ll(e momb~r~ shown In co.pltnls • Decl•nsed xx.i Name E11terccl Ser·vice ut y car McDonald, Jake". . . . . . . . . . Mclnt~sh, James . .... .. .. . •. •. •. •. •. •. •. •. •. Spr!ngs • • • • • • • • • . ... 1900 R k Spr!ngs • • • • • • • • ..... 1904 McAllister, Huoh. . . . . . . . McMurtrie, Th~mas" .... • • • • • • • • • • • Roe Spr!ngs • • • · · • • • • . ... 1886 • • •.•.•... • • •.•.. • Hanna ock Spnnas 1906 O • • • • • • •• • • •• • McLennan, Jasper M. . .. .•.•... McPhie, James A ••• •.. ... .. . .. ..... .Rock s~;i~~~ • • • • • • • • • • · · · · McMil Ian, Bert •........... . ... . . ... Rock S1lrinos • • • ••• •• •••• •1910 0 McLean Hu 0 h. . . . . . . . S · ......... . • • • , o • • • • • • • • • • • • • upenor . . . . . 1909 McLeod, James. T. • • • • • • ••• • . ... . ... .Rock Springs . : : : : : : : : : : : : ] 906 McDonald, Ro) , Sr.................. Rock Springs ..... .. .. .... 0 19 McClelland, Jas. V.......... . ....... Superior 9 8 1 12 McPhie, Wi Iliam • • • • • • • • • •••........Cumberla~d • : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 19141\lcMahon, Dewey· • • • • • • • • • • • ....... Rock Springs ...... ....... 1914 j\J~Gregor, Evan •••• • ••• . .•... .. . . .. Rock Springs . .......... . . 1917 i\ lcGraw, E dward F .. ,~ •............. .Reliance . ...... . . ........ 1918 i\lacdonald, James V. • .. ....... . . . . ..Rock Springs .... . ... . .... 1898 l\ lacdonald• .lames. Sr...••..... . .... . Rock Springs ..... ........ 1898 l\for rison. l\ !alt .. • • .. • .. . . • .. .. ... . . Rock Springs . . ... . . . . .. .. 1889 l\lorris. T. \L " . . . ... • .. • .. .. ....... Rock Springs .. . .... . ... . . 1900 ~Trnk. A. .. • . • • • .• •••• • .••••• .. • ....Rock Springs . ....... ..... ]904 fl lAT ON, -,, , 1.. . ........... . ..... Rock Springs .. . ... . ... . .. 1888 JVIL Rl 1KO, ~HCHAEL, SR.* ..... ....Rock Springs .. .. ....... .. 1891 J\IOFFITT. C. E. . . . ... . ......... . ...Rock Springs ..... ..... . . . 1893 MOON. WILLIAM ..... . ... . ... ... . . Rock Springs . . ... ... .. . .. 1898 l'vlARUSHAK, JOSEPH* .......... . . . Rock Springs ............. 1891 MOON, JAMES 1'· • • • ••• • • • • • •• • •• . • . Almy ....... . ............ 1874 l\lanazot. Charles* . . .. . . ..... . .......Hanna . ....... .. . ........ 1903 Morroll'. .Mattlie11 . . . . . . . ... ....... . Cumberland ............ .. 1902 l\lallone.n. I\fotthew<>. . . . ..... .. ... .Rock Springs ..... . . ...... 1899 1\ li ller. Jo$eph. c.. . . ... ... .. ... ... Rock Springs . ....... . .... 1897 MOHG. N, THOMAS . ... .. . .........Rock Springs .. ... ........ 1887 I\IORGAN , CRAHLES . . ... ... . . . . . .. Almy ................ .. .. 1883 Murray. C. A. ....... .... .... ... . .. . Spring Valley ... . ......... 1899 MUIR, RO BERT ........ . .. ...... . . .Rock Springs ....... .. ... . J880 Medill, M. W ............... ........ Rock Springs .. .... ..... .. 1899 Moser. Frank .. .... .... .... .. . .. .. . .Rock Springs ............. 1902 Mattila. John * ......................Hanna . . ........ . . . ...... 1901 Mertila. S.... . ....... .. .. .. . .. .. . . . Hanna . ............. ... . . 1904 Mellor, Thomas . ... ... . . ......... .. .Hanna ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · · 1905 l\1olyneaux .. Robert . ................ . Hanna .. , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · 1905 MATSON, .JOHN . . . . .... ... . . . .... . Ham1a . . . ........ ... . ... . 1893 Moore. Samuel ...... . ... .... . ...... Cumberland ...••.•• •• •• •• 1904 Miller. T. B............... . . . . . .. .. Cumberland ..... • ... • .. • •1906 M h J Rock Sprinas . .. . .. . ... .. . 1885 M~!?k }', Jahes* •••• • •• • • ••••••••••• Rock Sprin~s ........ . .... 1875 M1 J h~n,. A} .............••••••• ·Rock Springs ... .. . . ...... 1901 enk9 1Jn1,k* n rew •• •••••• •••• •••• •• ·Hanna ..... ... . .......... 1900 Ma 1. ac ......... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·_-~:~t i~i~ NOTE: Lire m embers shown In cnpltnfs • Deceased �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL l'\lli NES xxii MEMBERS OLD TIMERS' ASSOCIATION Name Entered Service at Year Meekin, James ........ . ......... ... .Hanna .. ................. 1906 i\llann, J. R... ... ... .. .............. Hanna ............ . ...... 1905 l\liorgan. John W .................... Rock Springs .... . ........ 1892 Menghii1i, ATcange)o .. .. ..... .. ... .. Superior . ... .. ........... 1903 Moore, John .......... . .............Cumberland ...... . ....... 1901 Maki, I saac .......... .. ......... .. . Hanna ........... ........ 1902 Mellor, Charles .. ........... ........ Hanna ..... ....... . ..... . 1905 Milojevich, Milan ..... ... .......... . Rock Springs ..... . . .... . . 1909 Morgan, John W ... . . ..... .......... Rock Springs . ...... . ... . . 1892 Matson, Andrew .................... Rock Springs .... ... ... ... Ig97 Matthew, Williani. .................. Hanna ......... ..... .. . . . 1909 l\Iilitich, Michael. ....... .. .. . .......Rock Springs . . . . . . . . . . . 1910 Moser, Narci,;so . .... ..... .......... .Superior ............. . .. 1907 Marcina. Joseph . . ................. . Rock Springs . .. .. ... . ... . l 9 I 1 Mettam. Joe .. ............ ...... . ... Superior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l lJ08 Mullen, James<:• ..... . .. .... .... .. ...Superior .............. ... 1'110 Mullen, Thomas ......... . .. . .... . .. Superior ..... . .......... . l 9il9 Magelos. Joseph .... .. .. . ... ... . .. .. Harma .. ................. 191 () Milne, David .. .. .. . ..... ... ..... . .. Hanna .. ................. 1909 Mossop, Willard .... .. .. .. .......... Tono .. .. .......... .. .... J 910 Murray, James F." .. . ...... ... .... .. Rock Springs ...... . . . .... 1889 i\1urto, Gus ...... . ................. .Hanna ... .. .. ...... ..... . 1904 Marinaro, Joseph ................... .Hanna ....... ........ .... 1912 Menghini, Herman .................. Rock Springs ....... . . . . .. I l J I 2 Milonas, John ..... . ................ Superior . .... .... .. . . . .. . I<) 1 1 Marshall, Matt A ........... .. ....... Rock SpTi11gs .. .... ....... 1910 Mi.lier, John;; ...................... Scofield .. .......... ... ... 1904, Morrison, Dundas" .. ....... ......... Rock Spring:- ... .......... 1902 Martin, Grover ..................... Rock Springs ............. I910 Maki, Elias .. .. ... ....... . ......... Hock Springs . . ......... . . 19H Maki, Victor ..................... . . Rock Springs ............. I902 Marovich, Michael. ....... .. ....... ..Rock Springs .. ... ........ I 9] 3 Moreatti, Andrew .... .. .... .. ...... . Cumberland .. ......... ... 1905 Mullen, William" ................... Rock Springs ....... ..... . 1907 Myska, John'" ...................... Rock Springs ............. 1903 Matthew, Kenneth ............. .. .... Rock Springs ............. 19] 5 Menghini, Emmett ........ .. .........Rock Springs ............. 1917 Miller, Anna ... . .. ................ . Cumberland ........ . ..... 1918 Mlinar, l gnatz, Sr....... ... ........ . Reliance ... .. ............ 19] 3 Matson, Ernest W ................ ... Hanna ... . ............... 1917 Mandez, Frank .................... . .Rock Springs ........ .. . .. 1918 Migiakes, Michael ................... Reliance ................. 1918 Milosevich, Samuel ..................Reliance ................. l 918 Mrak, Anton .............. . ........ Rock Springs ...... .. ..... 1904 MORROW, MATTHEW, SR. . .... .. .. Almy .. . ................ . 1890 Nishinura, K." . . .... ............... .Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1901 Nakamura, T ..... . ............ ... .. .Rock Springs ......... . ... 1904 NOTE: Life members shown In c:1.plt11ls • Dec:e;iscd Name xxiii Entered Service at Year Nol~ack, Jacob" ••••••. •... . ... ...... Carbon .. ............... . 1892 Ne -On. P. P.; • • • • ••••...............Rock Springs . .. .... . ..... 1898 Notar: Jerry ;; ... . .................Rock Springs .. . ....... .. . 1905 Novak. Anton •. . •. . ..... . ......... Rock Springs .......... . .. ]903 1907 Nerot. Anton .... . . . .. .. ....... . .. . . Cumberland ~ordwall. William* .... ........... . . Spring Valley·::: ;': ::::::: :1902 Nol.iusu re. S... • ......... . ... . .. . ... Rock Springs ............. 1910 Newren, Bernard .... . .. . ........ . ...Scofield ..... .. ..... . ..... 1889 Norris. William ......... .. ... .. . . ...Hanna ................ .. . 1906 Nelson. Charles 0 ................. .. Superior ............. .. .. 1906 Noble. Georqe · .. . .................. Rock Springs ...... .. ..... 1910 Nu~ent. Patrick" . ........ ...........Superior ...... .. .. . ..... . 1907 Nicksich. Nick ....... .. . ...... .. . . ..Superior .. ............... 1913 Norris, Robert. .......... . ....... . ..Hanna .. . ........... .. . .. 1913 Nakazona, Harry .... . ...... .........Hanna ... . ...... . ........ 1914 Novak. Tony . . . .... . .. ...... ... . .. . Rock Springs ........ . .... 1905 Nalivka. Henry ..................... Cumberland .. .. .. .. ... .. . 1914Nelson. J. Hanna ................ ... 1906 Noaki. Isamw . . .......... . ... . ... .. .Hanna ....... .. ..... . .... 1918 Norvel l. W. J. ... .......... ...... .. .Superior ....... . ......... 1917 Neal. G. A............. . ........... Winton .. . .... . .... ...... 1918 Neimi, Nestor ........... . ....... . ...Rock Springs . . ... . . ... ... 1905 Oronovic. George . ... ......... ..... . Rock Springs ........... .. 1898 ORD. FRANK .. ....................Rock Springs .. ... .. ... . .. 1882 Ong. Lee . ........... . ..............Rock Springs ........ . .... 1897 Outsen. Charles" ... . ................Rock Springs ............. 1900 OLOFSON. OLOF ....... . .. . .. . .... .Hanna . .................. 1894• Olofson. Arthur .. . ... ...............Hanna ... . ..... • ... .... .. 1905 OJ ALA, GUST .. ................... Hanna ....... .. ... .. .....• 1897 Omai1 . Alex .. ....... .. .. .. . ........ Rock Spnngs .... ....•.. •. 1905 Ono. S...... . ........... .. .. . ...... Rock Springs ... .. .. . . .. .. 1905 O'.Malley. Austin . .......... . ...... . .Carbon .............• .. • •1894 Orme. Jed ..... ... .... ... ... . .. . ... ,Rock Springs ..•.••••••••• 1905 Oblock. Anton ......................Rock Spr~ngs •.•• • •••••••• 1903 Oblock. Anton . . ....... , . ...........Rock Sprmgs ..••• •••• • ••• 1909 Ojala, Oscar ........ . . . .... . ....... Hanna ...••••••• •• •• ••••• 1906 Superior ........... . ..... 1910 0 "'asawara, Y........ . ..., ..... .. .. • • O~ejc Matt ..... . ...... . .... . ......Rock Springs ••• ••. ••••••• 1906 ' Th s Sr Cumberland . ... .......... 1902 0 ver y• Eelornad, Sr .. ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Cumberland ~· ••••••••••• •• 1901 war , ... • .... •. • • • • • • • • , 0 very . 1·oh n ia . , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Superior ...... .. ... .. .... 1916 0Out~en :rvi.".. •. •.... . ... . ... : . . . Reliance ..•. • • •• •••••••••• 1918 PRYDE. GEORGE B.. .. .......... . . Rock Spr~ngs ••• • ••••••••• 1892 ·L · .. . . Rock Sprmgs ............• 1895 • Pa1ank•'G ou1s • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Sprmgs . • • • • • • • • • • • •1896 Popp' eorae. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 J Rock Sprmgs .. . • • • • • • • • • •1901 Peterson' El o1m • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •.... • • • •Rock Sprmgs • .. • • • • • • • • • • •1900 Pelkonen, mer .. .. • • • • • • • • • • • • w.: ..... ................ Ad;h· ~OTE: Ll!e members shown In capitals • Deceased �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES Name Entered Service at Peternell, John ..... . ..... .. .. .. . . .. .Rock Spr!ngs . ..... . ...... 190,t Potocnik Leonard" . . .. . . • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Spr~ngs • • • • • • • • • • • • . 1904 Potocnik Fronk .................... . Rock Sprmgs .. . .......... l 90tL PAHR. ED J....................... Carbon . . .... . ........... 1898 Powell William H.* . .... • • . • •, • · · • · Carbon • • • • • • • · · • • • • • • . .. 1895 POTTER. DAN D......... . ... . . . • .. Rock S prings • .. • • .... . ... 1886 PRICE, WILLIAM* .............. .. . Rock S prings .... . . . ... . . . 1883 Penny, John w.-~ ................... Hanna ... . ... . ...... . ... . 1904, Peterson. Paul" . . . . . . ........... . ...Hanna . . • • • . . . . ... . . . . .. . 1896 Penman,' George W....... . .......... Cumberland .. . ..... . . . .. . 190:2 PO~"ELL THOMAS Q... . ......... . Carbon .......... ... . . . . . 1g37 Perner. Anton .......... . ..... ... ... Cumberland ........ . .. ... 1902 Peternell, Andrew . . . . .. . . . .......... Cumberland ...... ... .. ... 1901 Powell, Griff ............. ... .. .. ... S pring Valley ...... . ... . . . 190-1Pasonen. A."' .. .. ..... . ... . .. .. ..... Rock Springs . . .... . . .. ... !902 Pivac. Lawrence .......... . ......... Rock S prings ..... .. . .... . 1905 Parr, George L. .................... .Rock Springs .... .. . ...... ) 900 Parkko, J. E.................. . .....Rock Springs . ....... . .. . . ) 901 Peterson, Albert. . . .... . ............ Rock Springs ..... .. ... . .. ] 901 Powell, Demetrius ....... . ...........Rock Springs . . .. . .... . ... )906 Peterson, Bert, Sr.. ................. Rock Spr ings ............. l 900 Philipovich, John * ... . .............. Rock Springs ............. )906 Pavich, Tony ............ . .......... Rock Springs .. . .. ..... . . . 1907 Palco, Mike ....... .. ........ . ..... . Rock Springs . . .. . . .. , . . .. ) 905 Peterson, Henry ........ . ... .. ...... .Hanna ..... .. . . , . . ... . . . 1905 Piethe, August* .....................Superior ..... .. .... . .. . . . 1908 Preece, J. S." .......... . .. . ...... . . .Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1908 Pollari. Alfred . .... . ... . ... , . ...... .Hanna .................. . 190:~ Potocnik, Frank . .. . ....... .. ........Rock Springs ............. 1905 Price, George" .... . ....... . . . .. . . . . .Tono .................... 1908 Purin. Eugenio . . ...... . ............ Rock Springs . . ......... . . 1908 Pasera, Joseph ....... . ..... . ....... .Superior ................. 191 1 Pedri, Emanuel. .................... Rock Springs ... . ... . ... . . 19 ll Percich, Marko . . ................... Rock Springs . . . . ..... .. .. J9l0 Peterson, Bert, Jr......... . ..........Rock Springs ... . ......... J9] 0 Piaia, David ....................... .Superior ................. 1909 Powell, Obie . . . . ................... Superior .............. . .. 1910 Paavala,. Tony: ................... . . Rock Springs ............. 1911 Paperelh, LoU1s .. . ........ .. ........Rock Springs ... . ......... 19)0 P~ters, Jo!m ..••.. . .................Rock Springs ......... . ... 1912 P~nter, M1ke ..... . ..... .. . . ....... . Superior ............ . . . .. 1911 P~nler, Lawrence . . ......... . ...... ...Rock Springs ..... . ....... }910 P1vac. Anton ....................... Rock Springs ............. 1911 Porenla, J~lm, Sr................... .Rock Springs ............. 1902 Pecolar, Mike ... . .............. . ... .Rock Springs ........ . .... 1900 Parton,_ Enoch C.................... Rock Springs ............. 1909 Perko,r1ch. Matthew ......... . . . ......Rock Springs . ............ 1912 NOTE: Life members shown In cnpllals • Deceased MEMBERS OLo TIMERS' Assoc1AT10N y car Name EnteredService • at XXV Year Puchoski, Thomas ......... . .. . .. . ...Cumberland Potocnik, Frank • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . .Rock Sprmgs • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1913 1912 Powell, Morgan F• • • • • • • • • • • • ....... Rock Sprmgs · • • • • • • • • • • • • •1907 Parr F rank · • •• •• • •• •• •• • • Im1 ' 'k V I• • •ti• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• Rock Springs • • • • • • • • • • • • •1911 P 1c 1913 , a en ne. • • • • • • • ... • .......Rock Springs P astor, John. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H • ••• •• • • •.•.••. •. 1915 J h • • • anna ............... . h P au Iehc , o n • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . Hanna ..... . .. . .......... 1915 Pecolar, Andy •..•.................. Superior . . ... . ........ . .. 1915 Peterson, Bert ••••.......... . ..... . . Rock Springs ............. 1909 Peters?n, Hans ..................... Reliance . . ............... 1915 Pollan, John• • • . ......... . ......... Rock Springs ............ . 1907 Poulas, John ..••.. . ......... . ...... Hanna . ....... . .... . .... . 1915 Panos? Gust • . ..•.. .. ...... . ..... . . , Rock Springs ........... . . 1909 Perakis, Alex .... . •........ . ........Cumberland ..... . . , . ..... 1917 Pushkin, Peter .. . ........ . ..........Cumberland .. .... . ....... 1917 Paoli, Eugene ........ . ....... . ..... .Rock Springs ..... .. ...... 1907 Portwood, Z. A...... . ... . ... ... .... Superior ......... . . .. . ... 191 T Profiri, Michael ...... . . . ........... .Cumberland .......... . ... 1916 Parris, Ar thur H ....... . ....... , .... Rawlins .... . . . ........... 1918 Perich, Nicholas . . ........... . ...... Winton . ..... . .......... . 1917 Petrina, George, Sr.... . .... . ... . .... Superior . . ............... 1913 Pirnar, Joseph ................ . ... . .Reliance ... .. ............:]9.17 Por ter. Ray .. . . . ............... .. .. Cumberland .... . ...... , , .1918 Ramsay. J ack ... . ..... . ... . ... . . . ...Rock Springs ........ . .. . . 1887 Rehovich, Joseph ......... ... .... . .. .Rock Springs .. .. ........ . 1901 Randolph. J. W. ( Colored ) .......... Rock Springs . . ... .. .... . . 1899 RUSSELL PATRICK 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Como . ................... 1883 Rae. James C. 0 . . • • . . . • . . • . . . • • . . • . . Cumberland . ....... .. .. . . 1901 Robinson, T. H., Sr......... .. .......Cumberland .......... . ... 1901 ROBINSON W. J .... .. ... . ......... Cumberland .............. 1901 Rizzi. Albin'o ......... . . . ......... . . Rock Springs ........ : :.. .. 1900 Rauzi, Peter ..... . ..................Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1904 Rizzi. Nick ..................... . ... Rock Springs ... • ... .. . . , .1904 RAUZI GEORGE .. . ....... . ........Rock Springs ............. 1899 Ramou~h, Anton .................... Rock Springs ... . ........ . 1900 Ritter. William L. 0 • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • .Omaha . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . .... 1891 Roberts, Isaac ....... .. ......... . . . . Rock Springs ... .... . .. . .. 1905 Rodda W J .. . .....................Hanna .. ... . ..... .. ...... 1894 Reeh, .Ad~lph ...................... .Rock Spr~ngs .......•.... . 1905 Ronca"lio Frank0 • .• . . . • • • • . • . • • • • • Rock Springs ..•••. . •.••.• 1903 RODDt>A. SAMUEL I.. .......... . ... Hanna . ._. ................ 1895 ...... . ... , .. 1907 r R.a d.ford,• Arthur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rock STirmgs Isaac .. Rock Sprinbas ............ . 1904 •a1nen • au . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • R h Cumberland ......... . .... 1907 ' d" Rock ' ·Conra • • •Rock Springs ............. l 907 · J I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •... R uk av1111 o m . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 907 . .. 11906 · h, J O hn. . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • Rock Springs spnngs . .......... Reb OVIC . M' ... . Rock . . .. . .. • • .. • • > Ra a J, att ....... •. • • • • • • • • • • • dI NOTE: Life members shown In capitals • Deceased �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL :\II NES Entered Service at Name y MEMBERS OLD T IMERS' ASSOCIATION ear Robin~on Fred• • · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1908 Radalj Anton ...................••• Rock Spr!ngs •••••••••• • •. 1909 Rink Erik .....................•••• Rock Spr!ngs ••••••••••••. 1905 Robe.rls. Morgan F.. · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • Roc_k Springs • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1905 Rafferty, James E. 0 • • • • • • • • • ·······. Relia nce : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .1911 Ravanelli. August.•••· ...... •••• .. •• Rock pr~ngs • • • • • • • • • • • • . 1910 Randolph, Cyrus (Colored) ······· · ·· Rock pr~ngs • • • • • • • • • • • •• 1910 Randolph. John. Jr. (Colored ) .....•• Rock Sprmgs •••••••••.... 1912 Regard. Amand<> . • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • .Tono • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19) 1 Renny, Huah ....... . .............. Hanna • •.••••• ••••• • •.. ... 1911 Relford, Joim ..... . .... , • • • • •••····.Rock Spr!ngs • • • • • • • • • ••. 1910 Rout.5ala. Ade ........ . ............• Rock Springs • • • • • • • • . .. . 1906 Ruffini. Otto .. . ..... . .............. Reliance •• • • •. •. .. • •.. ... 1906 Rizzi. Jo~eph ..... . ......... . ....... Superior ... • • • .••• • •... •.. 19] l Rauniker. Frank .............. . ... •, Rock Spnngs • •••..•.. ... 1905 Ruby. John ......... .... .. .. ....... .Rock Springs .. .. . .... .... 19]2 Raite. Vi'. A.................. , .... • Hanna • • • • • • • • • • • . , . . .... 1913 Randolph. Clinton D. (Colored) ...... Rock Springs . . • ... . . ..... 1913 Rock, Clyde ........................Cumberland ... . .. . . ...... 1915 Robinson, T. H............. . ....... Cumberland ... ... ........ 1915 Rider, Frank C..................... Ha nna ........ . ....... . .. ]917 Russell. Charles C.• ............... . .Hanna ......... . ......... 1917 Soltis, John ................... . .... Rock Springs .......... . .. 1900 Sickich. Joseph . . ........... . ....... Rock Springs ............. 1901 Sulenta, Joseph ...... . .............. Rock Sprinns ............. 1902 "Sandy" (Chine..;;e)• . . . .... . ...... . ..Rock Springs ............. 1885 Sung Ah ...........................Rock Springs ...... . ...... 1890 S1evcns, Paul .......... . ... . . . ... . .. Rock S prings ............. 1898 SANDSTROM, GUST ...... . ........ Rock Springs ............. 1887 Sprowell, Joseph M.• ...... . .........Carbon .................. 1900 ~T~th, Lynn.,•, ...... . ... .. ........Ha nna ................. . . 1904 BNER, ADOLPH° ...............Carbon .................. 1893 Sled, Willi_a~ (Colored)* ...... . .....Rock Springs ............. 1897 Spence, Wilham .... . ............. . . Rock Springs ............ . 1901 §aunders, Thomas (Colored)• ........ Rock Springs ............. 1898 st:rr:an,RMd Rock Springs ............. 1904 c::t ff p, ;\l~ko s· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• Rock Springs ••••••••••••• 1904 ~ e en. l\ 1 e. r • • 1890 Smith J I1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Rock Spr!ngs • •• • •• • • •• •• • Sheffi~ldo ~i-j : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• Rock Springs .••• • • ••••••• 1901 1iam ............ . ......Carbon .................. 1894 Stak' h IC • Gamuel · • • • • • • ..............Rock Spr ings ............• 1904 Su Ienta. eorge" • Sather R . • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . .Roc k S pr~ngs ........• . •• •1906 Sh' j ... • · .......... ·· .. · .. Rock Spnngs ... . ......... 1903 te s, p ar es (Colored) ........... Rock Springs ............. 1904 Starrnan. eler R k S • 1903 Simpkins, Rob~;t • •••••••••••••••• • ••Rock Sp~ngs ••••••••••••• 1889 S J k • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . oc • pnngs ..•• • ••••••• • wann. ac .• . ....... . .............Carbon ........ . ..... . ... 1896 !-· ··.. ·...... •.. .... .. S' 1l c~. NOTE: Lire membera •hown In capita ls • Dece:uied Name Entered Service at xxvii Year S turholm, Phil ....... . . . . . . R kS • Smith John A • • • • • • • • • oc pn_ngs, • • • • • • • • • • ••. 1899 Swann• Charles•• E• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Sp r!ngs • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1906 • Sam 1°•• • • • • • • • • • ··••••• . .Rock Sprmgs Samuels •· • .. " .. • .... • 1898 • ue • • • • • • • • •, • • • ......Rock Sprmgs 1907 S o. EN mil................ . . . . . . . . . Hanna ................... •••••• ••••• • • 1907 Sa I.th ~ , Orman.····•·•••••,••• ..... Hanna ...... . ............ 1905 Slua_manna, F'~ank ...................Cumberland .............. 1907 ~oltis. George . . ... . ...... . .. . ..... Rock Springs .... . .. . ..... 1896 axbur~: J ack ...................... Hanno ..... . ............. 1907 Sc~rpcl 1,. Frank .................... Hanna ........... . ....... I907 Sh1matov1ch, l\larco ................. Rock Springs ............. 1908 Starman, Anton ........... . .........Cumberland .............. 1903 Stashack, George .................... Rock Springs ............. 1901 tevcns, Paul ................. . ..... Rock Springs ............. 1898 Salo, Oscar ........................ .Hanna ................... I909 Sano, S............................ Hanna ................... 1910 Sawyer. Lewis .................... Ft. Steele ................. 1901 Sloan, John ............... . ........ Ft. Steele ................. 1909 Stevenson, G. L. ................ . ... Rock Springs ............. 1903 Strauss, Rudolph" ......... . ........ .Rock Springs ............. 1909 Smith. James ....................... Rock Springs ............. 1909 ta lick, l\Iartin .............. . . . .... .Reliance ................. 1908 Sax berg, Mott .... . ................. Hanna ................... 1909 Sherralt Isaiah . .... . ............... Hanna ................... 1910 Smith, George" ......... . ..... . . . ... Rock Springs ..... . ....... 1911 Subic. John, Sr.................... . Rock Springs ............. 1901 Summerscales, Allen ........... . . ....Rock Springs ..•••..•.•.•. 1907 Sherwood, William ...... . . . .. . ...... Evanston . , .. . .•..•• • •..•• 1904 Simon, Felix ... . ...... . .. ... ....... Rock Springs .••••..•••. • •1911 Snyder. Charles C.................... Cumberland ..••••••.•. . •• 1912 Seppa. John .... . ...................Hanno .......•..••••••••• 1909 Stebner. Max ......... . . . . . ......... Carbon •., •••••••••••••••• 1896 S tockich, Peter ......... . ........... .Rock Sp~ngs •••• • •••••••• 1912 Santioh. Joseph ......... . ........... Rock Spr~ngs , • • • • • , • • •• • .1911 Sharp Herber! ..................... .Rock Springs ••••••••••••• 1911 Skorup Peter ....................... Rock Spr!ngs ........ • .... 1904 Smith, Archie ...................... .Rock Sprmgs ............. 1912 Snyder Georae ............ . ........ .Cumberland •••••••••••••• 1908 Shifrar, Law~ence ....... . ........... Scofield ,- ....... • ........ 1910 Sorbic John C......................Rock Spnngs ••••••••••••• 1909 Cumberland .............. 1901 • E st • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • •Rock Springs • S wanson, · h Th rne H .......•••••• 1915 omas .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior ........ • .. • • • • • •1918 S mit • G t • S arve1os•J us • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •Reliance ........ • .. • • • • • •1918 Sellers • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •..... • • • • Superior • .... . . , • • • • • • • • • • 1917 . ' ames. h Soltis, Jo . n • G • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • •• Hanna ........ , • • • • • • • • • • 1918 Staurakak1s, eorge. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Sprinas ............. 1910 0 Scala, Henry ...••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • NOTE: Life members sbown lo capitals • PtceABed �MEMBERS OLD TIMERS' A SSOCIATION xxix HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES XXVIII Name Name Entered Service at Year Sharrer, Otto G.............. . . .....Rock Springs ............. } 909 Spence, Andrew . ..... . ..............Reliance .. ......... . . . ... )919 Tallmire. Frank ... .... , ..... , • • . • • • .Omaha . . .... . ...... , . . .. ] 901 TARRIS, ANDREW, SR.* ......... .. Rock Springs ............. 1898 Toucher, George* ........ . ...... , . , . Rock Springs ..... .. . . .. .. 1904 TOUCHER, URBAN ....... .. ....... .Rock Springs ......... . ... 1897 Travis. Jack ...... . . ....... . ...... . . Carbon .. . ..... . . ..... . .. 1899 TWARDOSKI. THOMAS ............ .Rock Springs . ......... ... 1892 Thompson, Charles" ........... . ... .. Rock Springs ............ . ) 891 Tremelling. T. H.... . , .... , .. ,, ..... Cumberland .............. 1904 Tomicich, l'Vlichael ~, ................. Rock Springs ... . .... . . ... 1903 Tomich. Tony* ... ..... .. . ... ..... . . Rock Springs .......... .. . l903 Taylor, Mary . . .. .. ...... .. ....... .. Rock Springs ......... . ... 1901 Treat, Edgar B.<; ....... . ........... .Omaha ..... . ............. 1888 Thomas. John ........ . ............. Rock Springs ..... .. ...... 1905 TALIAFERRO, T. S., JR.............Green River .............. 1883 Ting, Leo .......................... Rock Springs ......... .. .. 1881 Tolzi, Samuel. ..................... .Rock Springs . ....... . .. . . 1905 Tanfield, Frank ......... . ...... . ....Almy ........... . ... . .. . . 1890 Tomich, John ...... . . . ..... . ...... . .Rock Springs ............ . 1904 Tomich, George .............. . ... . ..Rock Springs .......... . .. 1903 Tanaka, C.* .................. . ..... Rock Springs .. ........... 1907 Tomsich, Joseph .................... Rock Springs ..... ...... .. 1904 Tarris. Andrew. Jr.* ............... ..Rock Springs ..... ........ 1898 Tomich, John ....... . ........ .......~·inton ......... ... ... . . . 190.,1. Toucher. Jack . .. . .... . . . ........... .Rock Springs ... .. ..... . .. 1907 Taccalone, Michael. ...... . .. . .......Hanna ......... . ...... ... 1909 Tanaka, Y.. .. .. . ....... .. ....... .. .Hanna ............ . ...... 1908 Tome, Silvio ........ . ... . .......... Superior . . ...... . ........ 1910 Tait, Stewart. ...... : ..-............ . Cumberland .............. 1908 Tagnolli, Leon . . . ....... .. .. . ...... Superior ..... .. .......... 1910 Tanaka, S... .. .................... . Rock Springs ............. 1910 Timko, Michael ...... . ........ . .....Rock Springs .. . .......... ] 899 Tatakis, James ..... ......... ........Hanna ... . .... . . . ........ ]913 Tanaka, Takarchi ............. . ..... Denver ...... . ......... . .. 1905 Tarter. Donato .... . ................ .Superior ........ . .... .... 1913 Taylor. Bert. . . ............... . .....Hanna ....... . . .. . . ..... . ]913 Tomisich:_ J~ck ....... . . . : .......... .Rock Springs ........... . . 1911 Telck, Wilham ..... . .... .. ....,, .. .. Superior .......... . . . .... 1914Tardoni, Frank .... . ........... '..... Reliance ........... . .....,1911 Tateyama, Y...... , ... . .... .':·.•.. •.... Hanna . . .. . .... . ... .. .. . . 1913 Tavelli. Bert M.... , .. .... .. ... . .... Hanna ................... 1915 Todeschi. Charles ... . . ....... ....... Rock Springs .. ... .. . ..... 1910 Tolzi. Joseph .............. . . .... ...Reliance . . ...... ..... . ... 1913 Trahalis. John . ....... . .............Hanna ................... 1913 Takeda, T .. . ... . ... .. ... . .......... Reliance .... ... .... .. .... 1914 Tomazin. Martin ............. .. ..... Rock Springs ............. 1911 ~OTE: Life membera shown In cnp!Wa • Decensed L Entered Service at Year Toucher, Frank ....... . ............. Rock Springs , . • • • • • • • • • • • J905 Theros, John . .......... . ........... Sidney ......... .. .•• , • • • .1913 Traeaer, John C... .. .............. . H anna .. , , , , , • • • • • • • • • • • • 1910 Ura~, Andy" .... ........ .. ..... . ...Rock Springs ..•.•..• , • , • •1904 Uchikoshi, T ........... ............. Rock Springs ... • • •. • • • • • .1898 Uram Peter ........... ......... . ...Rock Springs ..••••• • •. • • • 1905 Veha;, Frank ......... .............. Rock Springs ..... • . • , . , • • 1906 Veitch, George ... .................. .Hanna ....... . . • • •, • • • • • • 1907 Valandro, Mentore .................. Superior .. , . •. . , . •., , • • • .1911 Varros Tony ....................... Reliance ...... .. , , .. • .••••• 1911 Vrklan: Marko J ....... . .......... . ..Rock Springs .......••..•• 1911 Varanakis, George .. . . .. ... ... . ..... Superior ........... . .••.. 1912 Varros, Joseph ..... . ........ ...... ..Rock Springs .. . .. ........ 1907 Vesco, Joseph . . ... . . ... .. .......... Cumberland ........ . .. . , . l 915 Vollack, Edwanl. . ..... ............. Superior ................. 1913 Von Remhow, Joseph ... . .. .......... Grand Island .. . ... .. .. .. .. )915 Van Valkenburg. Richard .. . .... . ... . Superior . . ............... 1909 Walters, Henry .. .. . .. ... . .... . ..... Rock Springs .. , .......... 1901 Willson, William F'. . .... ....... .. ... Rock Springs ...... .. ..... 1904 Wa,:sung, Charles P.<> ............. . . Rock Springs .......... . .. 1893 Wilson. Ed .... .. .......... . .... . . ..Rock Springs ......... . ... 1903 Wilde, Matt. .. ... .. . ... ... ......... Rock Springs ............. 1903 ·Wilde. Robert . . . . ..... .. .. .... . .... Rock Springs .... ......... 1902 Williams, Will iam A..... .. ..... .. .. .Rock Springs . ..... ... ... . 1896 Wah, Leo 0 •• . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rock Springs ............. 1886 Wright, Henry (Colored ) .. .......... Rock Springs ............. 1904 White, Nestor .. .. . .. ..... ... .. .... . .Hanna . . . . . .... ... .. ..... 1905 WILDE, GEORGE F." ....... .. •..... Coalville ............ ..... 1883 WILLIAMS, W.W." .......... L .... Grass Creek .............. 1880 Williams, Spencer" .. .... . ..... '. · · -··Grass Creek ....... . ... . .. 1882 WALL, FRED . . . ... .. ...... .. : .. . .. Rock Springs . . ... ...... . . 1896 Wise, Neil" .. ....... . .... . ... . ..... Rock Springs, . ......... . . . 1879 Wilkes, William .... ... ; ........... . .Spring Valley ........ .. ... 1902 Webster, Richard . .. . . ... .... . . . . .. . .Rock Springs ............. 1906 Walsh, James 0 • • • . • • . • • . • • • • • . • • • • • •Hanna .. ... ......... .. ... ]905 Welsl1, John T.<> ..... . .... ~ ......... Almy .................... 1898 Wakkura, Matt. ...... •..... . ... .. ....Carbon . . .. . . . ....... ... .. 1894 Way. E. C................ . ....... , .Cumberland .............. 1903 Wright. Harry ........ .. ........ .. . . Carbon ... .... . . .... .... . ] 886 Wise, Joseph ..................... . . Rock Springs .. .. . .. .... . . 1906 Williams, J. A.................. . .. . Cumberland .. ... . . . ...... 1907 Ward, Port J.. .... : .. ............. . Rock Springs ... .. .... .... 1909 Wigley, George ...... ... . .. ........ . Tono ......... .. ......... 1907 Wilde, William .......... .. ... ....... Rock Springs ..... .. . ..... J909 Wilkes, George .............. . . ..... Cumberland . .. : .......... ]907 ;unch, Benjamin .............. . .... Rock Springs ............ . 1907 akabayashi, Zenjuro ............. ,. Hanna ................... 1910 .:S:OTE: Life members shown In capitals • Deceased �HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES XXX Name Entered Service at MEMBERS OLD TIMERS' Assoc1ATJON Year Warren Thomas ........... •. • • • • • • •Tono • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • .. . . l 911 Wataha'. John . .... . . . ........ . . •• ...Rock Springs . ..... . ...... 1905 Wisema·n. Grover .. . ...... .. . • . • • . • • Superior .. • • • .. • • .. • ..... 1909 Walkama·, Salma . ............. • • .. • .Superior . . • • • .. • ..... . ... 1911 Warren Harry . .. ........... •• .. •• . .Tono • • • • • • • •. • • ... .. .... 1911 Warren: P. Henry* ........... . • .....Tono .. • • • • • .. • . • .... . ... l 911 While. Job ......... . ............... Hanna ....... . ....... . ... 1910 Wigley, Thomas .................... Tono .... . ..... .......... )908 Woods, William ......... . .......... Hanna . . . . ........... . .. . 1905 Woodward. Thomas .. . .. . .. .. ....... Rock Springs . . . . . . ....... 1913 Williams. Waino .............. . .. . ..Hanna ...... . . ........... 1911 Ward, George .. .. ...... . ......... . . Superior . .. . ... . ......... 1913 Wilkes, George A.......... . . .... . .. Hanna .................. . 1914 Williams, Haydn . . .. .. . . . ...........Rock Springs ............ . 1914 Welsh, Steve .................... . .. Cumberland ... . ... ....... l 914 Worsley, Frank ........ ............. Hanna ..... . ............. 1914 Woolrich. Robert. ....... . ..... .. ....Cumberland . ... ...... .... l 914 Wright, Robert. ........... .. .. . . ... Hanna .... . .... . . .. . . .... 1915 Wylam, Harry A.~' ..... ... ...... . ...Tono ........ . ......... . . 1911 Warburton, George .. .. ....... . . .. ...Hanna ..... . .. . .......... 1916 While. John, Jr.... ... ....... ... .. .. Hanna .. .. ....... . ....... 1915 Wilde, John ...... . ...... . .... ... ...Rock Springs ....... . ..... 1916 While, Edward . . . .................. Hanna .... . .. . ........... ]917 Wilde, Bryant H .......... . ......... Cumberland ........ ..... . 1914 Wright, Mike P ..... . ..... . ......... Rock Springs .... .. ....... 19 '16 Wales, George ... . .... . .. . ... .. ... . . Cumberland ... . ...... .... 19).l. Young, Gavin<> ...... . .............. Rock Springs ............ . 1896 Yedinak, John ..... . ............... . Rock Springs ..... ....... . 1904 Yak, Leo ......... .. ... . ............Rock Springs . ... . ...... . . 1895 You, Leo ........................ . ..Rock Springs ............. 1898 Yugovich, John ....... . ....... . ..... Rock Springs ......... ... . 1904 Yaksee, George* ... . .... . . . ......... Rock Springs .. . .. . ....... 1906 Yenko, John ..................... . ..Rock Springs ........... .. l 898 Yakamovich, Mike, Sr........ . ..... . .Rock Springs ............. 1907 Yovich, Matt, J ............ . ........ Rock Springs .... .. . ...... 1908 Yovich, Mike ............... . ....... Rock Springs . .......... . . 1912 Yamnik, Frank ..................... Rock Springs .... ... ...... 1913 Yoneda, Yiji. . . ........ .. .... ... ... Rock Springs ............. 1906 Yakamovich, Mike, Jr........... .. . . .Rock Springs ..... . ....... 1914 Yerkovich, Spiro ......... . . . ........Rock Springs .... . ........ 1908 Zupp. Michael* ............ . .. . .... .Rock Springs . ............ 1900 ZUICK.. JAMES" ....... . ... . ....... Rock Springs ... . ........ . 1905 Zelenka: Vaclov" .................. . .Rock Springs ....... .. .... 1901 Zaversmk. Anton ............... . ....Rock Springs . ............ 1906 Zampedri, Enrico* .... . ....... .. .... Superior .... . ... . ..... . .. 1907 Zaversnik. Joseph ................... Rock Springs .... . ........ 1909 Zelenka, Frank ...... . ....... . .. . ... Superior . ... .. . . . . ....... 1911 :SOTE: Lite m•mbers shown Ill ca.plta11 • Decea.aed xxxi Year Entered Service at Name Za1·ec. Lawrence ... . ................ Super!or ..••• •• ••••• ••••• 11991111 Zueck, Guido ... . .. . ................ Supenor ...••• ••••••••••• Zakis, John ........ ....... •.•· ...•. .Hanna • •• • • • • • • ••• •• • • •• •1913 Zakis, Nick ..... ......•. · • • • • • • • • • • ·sHann~ • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• Zullo, Louis . ................ • .... ,• upenor • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 11.,r·k Hanna . . .... . ....... 1910 Zagans, 1• 1 ·e •• •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . •••• • 1913 .... • • • • · · · • • · · • • 1911 • ......... ...... . •• •• • ••Superior ,... . Zan dron. Pio Zelenka, James . . ........ . .. •••• ••·• ::,upenor • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~i~! NOTE: Life members shown In ca.pttals • Deceased �---- xxxii HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES II ANNUAL REUNIONS 0Lo TIMERS' Assoc1ATJON xxxiii ANNUAL REUNIONS LIST OF PRESIDENTS OLD TIMERS' ASSOCIATION ' OLD TIMERS' ASSOCIATION ' THE UNION PACIFIC WITH DATE HELD AND PRINCIPAL SPEAKER COAL COMPANY Reunion Year 1st 1925 Mr. J llmcs )loon 2nd 1926 Mr. 'Thoma L cl\Inrr 3rd 1927 :i\lr. Joseph Iredale 4th 1928 Mr. Robert CnrdweJI 5th 1929 -;\[r_ 6th 1930 :\lr. Chris Johnson 7th 1931 Mr. Joseph ~IcTec, Sr. 8th 1932 l\1r. J . Stanlc_y Preece 9th 1933 )Ir. 10th 1934 l\1r. 'William McIntosh 11th 1935 l\!r. Frank L. l\lcCarty 12th 1936 l\!r. Charles Gregory 13th 1937 Mr. Harry A. , vylam 14th 1938 Mr. 0. C. Buehler 15th 1989 )fr. Obie Powell Pre~ident First Annual Reunic,n June 18, 1925 Eugene McAuliffe, President, The Union Pacific Coal Company Second Annual R eunion -Tu ne 12, 1926 Hon. C. D. Clark, former U. S. Senntor from " Tyoming, deceased Third Annual R eunion ,June 11, 1927 Mr. N. H. Loomis, General Solicitor, Union Pacific Railroad, deceased Fourth Annual Reunion .June• 9, 1928 Hon. ,;v. B. , \Tilson, former Secrctarv of I.abor, deceased • F ifth Annual Reunion .Tuly 20, 1929 1\Ir. Caroll B. Huntress, Executive Secretary, National Coal Association Sixth Annual Reunion June 14, 1930 Rev. ,;v. McMurdo Brown, Rector, St. Thomas Church, Denver December 11, 1984 Seventh Annual Reunion J 1me 18, 1931 Rt. Rev. Elmer N. Schmuck, Episcopal Bishop of Wyoming, deceased September 7, 1985 Eighth Annual Reunion June 11, 1932 l\Ir. Carl R. Gray, President, Union Pacific Railroad Company, deceased Ninth Annual Reunion June 10, 1933 Hon. L P.s)ie A. Miller, Governor of Wyoming Deceased December 29, 1934, September 4, 1931 Robert Muir D. V. Bell February 9. 1986 March 13, 1940 T enth Annual Reunion .Mr. Thomas S. Hogan, Chairman. Labor Board, District Five, N. R. A. June 16, 1984 Eleventh Annual R eunion Hon. Ralph Kimball, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Wyoming June 22, 1985 Dr. L. E. Young, Vice President Operation, Twelfth Annual Reunion June 20, 1936 Pittsburgh Coal Company Thirteenth Annual Reunion Hon. ,villiam Ritchie, Attorney ll.t Law, June 19, 1937 Omaha, Nebr. Fourteenth Annual Reunion Mr. J. L. Haugh, Vice President, ruion PaJune 18, 1938 cine Ra.ih-oad Fifteenth Annual Reunion l\Ir. W. M. Jeffers, President, Union Pacific Railroad Company June 17, 1939 �LA YING OF Co11NER HISTORY OF UNI ON PACIFIC COAL MINES xxxiv Laying of Corner Stone of The Union Pacific Coal Company's Old Timers' Building A. w. Dickinson, General Superintendent, Chairman of Ceremonies. Rock Springs, May 28, 1929 PROGRAM Opening selection by The tTnion l'acific Coal Company's B,l nd. Exercises by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of 'Wyoming, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons with the following Masons officiating: T . S. Taliaferro, Jr., P. G. M., as Grand l\laster George B. Pryde as Deputy Grand Master Oliver Chambe1·s as Senio1· Grand ·warden John L . Dykes as Junior Grand ·warden J.M. Rumsey, P. G. M., as Grand Treasurer C. N. Bell as Grnnd Secretary Charles B. Swann as Grand A1·chitect Reverend R. E. Abraham as Grand Chaplain Claude Elias as Grand Lecturer Eugene McAuliffe as G1·and Orator Lewis H. Brown as Gnmd Marshal E. E. Waltman as Senior Grand Dea.con A.H. Doane as Junior Grn.nd Deacon Charles H . Durham ns Senior Grand Steward Bennett Outsen as Junior Grand Steward , 11 lilliam Hutton ns Grand T yler In response t o t he Grand Orator nn acceptance of the building, on behalf of the Old Timers, was made by John P . White, International Representative, 'Cnited Mine ,vorkers of America. Closing selection b)• The Union Pacific Coal Company's band-America. • ·• 0 I.o T 1Mr-:ns· B111 w 1N<: STONF. 01• • ElTGE·• NrE M c Al TI.llt'l•'B ADDRESS OF • • d . f ·w yotning a nd President . gas Grand Orator for t he Grnn~ ~,~as11~nogton°tTn ion Coal Compu.ny Ac t m . p ·fie Coal Company an of the U n10n ac1 ---. . . w M embers o f the Masonic , Old Timers' Assocu.1.tion, F cllo . d .. Members of t itc ·t d Fnen :s Fraterni Y an • . d . b ·tding con. J . •ust seen l a id un er a Ul , . The corner:-tonc which ,~,e ia,,e ,J • • , f the Old Timers, cmploycs . .C y d d d cated to the use o structed in honor_~f , an e . I the ,, , ashington Union Con_1 ompan ' ·1 t . . t he histor y o f on e of the 0 £ The Pnion Pacific Coal Company, .. bf I ·d l nc\l· m1 es one U1 r • and their fanuhes, esttt JS 1_( . L h t t e of vVy oroing. , ,v hNt t lic v mon oldest industries located 11'1th1 n t ef ~ a th t it immediately . ou g ht a d t --cl the s t a tc 1 om e ea s b . . R ·1 . I first mine was op ened nt a r on, Pacific a1 roa en_ e1c supply of fuel fo1· it_s locomotives._T 1:d to exist except in t lte n1cmo r ies a mining ,,illage winch has ]dung cease I o on~e lived i:i,nd worked therein. . l . ck t o 1868 of some of our elder men an won1eL1 w l Tl1.is begi1mina0 of tbc coul mining industry of the state d a t e] :; JcL . cl t' • t1rnt year 6>,a r,:60 t on :s- of coa wer e 1m ne a !.ixty-one years ago, and lTl :l Cnrbon. In the sumc year B111irtow11, the fo rerunner ~f t he City of ~ock Springs, saw the o~ening _of the _first mine loc~ted m th~ Rock Sprm gs District, the Vi'yommg Mme, which produced m the year 1868 _but 365 tons. Thereafter development and production followed at Almy m 1869 ; Grass Creek, 1Tt11h, in 1881 ; Twin Creeks in 1882 ; Pleasant Valley, Utah, in 1883; Dana in 1889; Spring Valley in 1899; Hanna in 1890; Superior in 1906; Reliance in 1911. The , ¥inton mines were purchased in 1921. During this period the company opened and operated mines at Baldwin, Como, E r ie, L ouisville and North1·op, Colorado. The Scofield, Utah, mines we1·e likewise purchased with t he exten sion of the railroad into Cnlifornia, and the Tono mine of t he '1Vashington Union Coal Compun_y was opened in 1908. From the year 1868 to 1928, both inclusive, a t otal of 105 902 653 tons of coal was mined by our men in the st ate of 11Vyoming, 1·epi:esenting 46 per cent of the total state production during the sixty-one year period much of _t1_1e tremendo~s task attached to the building of the mines and th; commumties surroundmg same, as well as the mining of the l f • d b h coa , was peroi me_ .Y t e men we today seek to honor membe1-s of th Old T" . 1me1 s Assoc1ahon. ' e c:: Was~:~~:v~~~:y 1tte0 ~os!~~·e;f4:~ployes of t~e Union Pacific and ~ore than twenty years' se.rvic~ Eleve f ~mployes )\h? have a record of m China. Of the 447 Old Ti : 3. hn o hese are Chmese who are living . mei s, 5 ave seen 40 or . , . mo1 e y ea~·s service, repr~sentmg 29 nationalities. Thirty-three of the pension. \Ve have among these 447 t a· t· . 447 are retired under wo is mct1ve personalities ., M1·. J nmes �xxxvi HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES )foon, age 77, who is the oldest living cmploye of the company in point of service ll'ith a total working and pension p eriod of 55 years. I only hope that he will be with us for at least 45 more years, rounding out a century of service. The otherperson I refer to is Miss Mary Taylor, our only lady Old Timer, a lady whom y ou a ll know and love, and who, with n singing heart, has kept herself young in body and soul. You ha,·e witnessed the laying of the cornerstone with the attendant ceremonies, conducted by the oldest and most honored fraternal organization that exists, and which many of you, with myself, feel it a n honor to be member s of. The bricks that have been laid by t he operative C'nlftsmcn in the walls of this building, as you can see, were laid squa re and tr ue. They were laid to carry thefr burden well and faithfully. The mortt, r in whfoh they wer e laid was meant to bind them together for genel'fltio11:< to come. J ust so with the foundation and the walls of the Old Timer s Association laid fh-e years ago; to help make your burdens lighter u.nd to bind you together regardless of race or r eligion in t rue fellowship. With the completion of this building, whose cornerstone bt<a r.; the name of the Old Timers Association, and which you will enter for t he first time on July 20th next, it is my sincere wish that each of you, who a re the O1d Timers of today, mny li, 1e t o use and enjoy this, your building, for many years to come. It is not my privilege to be n member of your Association, I came among you t oo lnte for membership, but we who a rc cha rged with the diTection of the property, respect and admire you for you r _yen rs of loyal service, and we will, as in the past, continue to bend our ener gies toward making your employment as comfortable and a s remunei-nti \·~ a s possible. That all the years a head of you, se,·erully a nd collectivcl>·· mn:y be happy ones is my most enrnest wish. ADDRESS OF ACCEPTANCE B y John P. ,vhite, International Represent ative, United Mine ,vorkers of America I am glad of the opportunity of participating iii. the exercises hel<I here today. The building for which these exercises are conducted will represent something very fine. Splendid as the building "·ill be from 11.n architectura1 f!.nd material standpoint, these considerations will be eclipsed what might be termed the spiritual significance of the structure. For 1£ hu~e m_iderstood aright the purpose which is to bring this building into bemg, i t will be no mere pile of stone, no ordinary structure; but one unusual and unique. In short, the buildina is to be a commemoration- a structure dedicated to the vete1:ans of The Union Pacific Coal Company and the \Vu.shington U nion Coal Company. These men, who are thus to be ?Y ! LAYING OF CORNER STONE Of OLD TIM ERS' BUILDING xxxv'ii . cl I e p layed a g reat part in the development and_progress ~f t he hono1en ' l~he building will be a recognition of their_ fa1t~ful se~·v1ce. I c~~'!i:t~iate The U nion Pacific Coal Company for its wisdom 1? th_us :ck~owledging its a ppreciation of its veteran employes; a_nd I hke~1se congrutula.te thc.!;;c Yctcr an employes whose ser:ices hfve mer~tt to fit;~nlf, a testimonia l of 0rrood will il.t the hands of then· emp oyer~. e .1evde a • I t s· on embodymg as 1t 1 . d l oes the spirit which actuates t 1e -pres~n occa _ .a concrete exn!1, plc of good~f ~l~o~vsh1p between employer an emp oye 1s one that holds untold poss1b1ht1es fo r good. I should like to congratulate the "old-timers" here toda~, 011 h~vinf, attained the venerable i;tatus of "old-timer." To be a bona fide_ old-tm:1e_r 1,, no sliaht accnu1pli:.hmcnt, and one that r equires many sterling quahb~s ~~nd h a l~ V virtue,-. A n "old-timer" is one who has de1?onstrated that _e ha ;; ,,OOc1 · sta)·in 0rr qtrnlit ies - his continued existence 1s proof tha~ he 1s '"' ' . \<\7 e should r emember that ~o~paTative_y • l f ew " y oung-_t miers" no , weakling gain the stn t\1" of "old~t imer ;" indeed 1~ ~s. so~ethmg of a feat, m }h7se days, d ue to the coiuplt•xit ies of modern c1v1h~abon_, to become ~ven a m1ddl;-timer." Quite tu,iclt• from t he per sonal s9:bsfachon o~ knowmg that you rnnst have been fo rmed out of durable material to ha~e withstood t he avenging yca rs, t here- i~ nnotl1er r eason for ~ongratulatmg you. Yo~r s~an_ of life ha:. been ca~t in what must be considered one of the most_ mte1estmg period:; of the wodd's history. There have been "golden ages" in the past; but these " golden ages" wer e "golden" for t he merest handful of per sons; while the present may be with justification called the golden age of. the many. For it must be apparent to all that the common man now enJoys benefi ts and comforts thnt were unobtainable even by the nabobs o_f old. The humbfost workmu.11 today may well have comforts and convemen~es that p i·inces of old lacked. Those "old-timers" who have reach~~ t~e scriptur::d allo tment of three score and ten - and many of them will improve on thi;; a llotment, I nm sure, by reaching four score and ten-have seen progress ma rching with seven-league boots, fa-idy revolutionizing t h~ conditions of our existence. The last three decades, alone, have contributed four of the most st a rtling mechanical innovations in the history of the ,rnrld. I refer, of coul'se, to the a utomobile, airplane, moving picture, and radio. The ,vorld VVar alone was an event the like of which Wf!.S never seen before. Deplorable as it was, it remains, nevertheless, the most colossal drama ever seen upon the world's stage. vVhatever may be the defects of this peTiod, no one can say that it has not been one of the most fruitful and stirrino- periods of recorded history. So I say to you " old-timers" that your span of life l1as been cast in one of t he most remarkable eras of hu~an bistorv. You can console yourselves with the 1·eflection that you have been, ; nd still are, n part of a histm·y making epoch. Now just a word to you on old age. No mention of thjs subject can proceed very far without ~-eferri1!g to_ th~ famous speech of D r. w·m. _Osler upon leaving Johns Hopkms U~uvers1ty m 1905. Dr. Osler was convinced, so he said, of the the comparative uselessness of men above forty years of �xxxviii HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL M INES DI• Osler did not by the wiiy, ndvocate t hat persons over 60 shotdd I • ' been so often nsserted • H e d'd bage.chloroformed as has 1 , 1owcver, assert tl~at men of 60 sl:ould retire. It is difficult to say just how much Dr. Osle t·'s statements were due to whimsicality, for he himself was nea1·ing the dead line which he had fu:ed, and it may lrnve been that he was d t·iven by a puckish spirit to haYe some sport at tlic expense of ~hose who, like himself, had crossed the half-century mark. At any rate lus speech p rovoked endless arguments on the subject, and I think that generally speaking, Dr. Osler was refuted. Innumerable achievements of men over 60 were a dduced to disprove his theory. G. Stanley Hall, in his invaluable work "Senescence," quotes the opinion of one investigator, E. G. Dexter, who analyzed " lVho's Wl10" for 1909, and fo~md that of the 9,000 p er sons listed only o ne in six was under 40, a nd the nvernge age was 54. This analysis showed tlrnt only 16 per cent 1rns under the Osler dead line of 40. A fairly satisfacto ry re f'utation, I should say. I could cite many instances from the works of H,tll and others of the prodigies performed by men for beyond t ltc 60 t111Lrk; but I think that it is unnecessary. ,ve, all of us, have obsc rYed too many instances of men performing capably their work long afte r GO to dotibt that in ordinn1·y ca1liugs at least the Osler theory does not apply. And so I saJ' to the veterans here today who have crossed the Osler dead line, that you are living refutations of Dr. Osler. Acting in behalf of the members of the Old Timers Association l am sure I have voiced the sentiment of each and every member of :-a id ~h socintion when I state that we arc profoundly impressed with the ceremonies accompanying these exercises, and wish to express om· deep apprecia tion for the same. This endowment, the gift of The rnion Pacific Coal Company and ·washington Union Coal Company, through their President, l\Ir. Eugene McAuli.l:fe, is indeed a magnificent one. Ur. McAuliffe, in presenting this gift, has eloquently portrayed the nims and purposes of the donors, and has recited the object of bringing int o being such a splendid monument to mark the change in human relations. The event, indeed, is a note,rnrthy one. It iurther emphasizes the fact that these coal compn.nics wish to recognize in a substantial way the worth of their emplo_vcs who have, through their many years of service, contributed so much to tl1e progress and development of these companies. I formally accept this gift in behalf of the Old Timers Association ·with grateful acknowledgment and thanks, and with the full consciousness that the members of the Old Timers Association will, in th<> futm·e as in the past, proYe worthy of this splendid testimonial and the t r ust reposed. PRESJDENTS OF THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY xxxix LIST OF PRESIDENTS THE UNION PACIFIC RAILR OAD COMPANY THE UNION PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY AND UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY From President 1862 Wm. B. Ogden .• • • •• •••• • •••••• Sept. Oct. 30, 1863 .J ohn A. Dix .. . . ... ... • • • • • • • • Nov. 24, 1866 Oli\'C:l' Ames, pro tem. • • • • • • • • • • • Oli\'e1· Ames . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mar. 12, 1868 ' r homa A. S<"otl . ... . .. •. • • • • • • Mar. 8, 1871 H orace F . C'litrk . . .. . • • • • • • • • • • Mar. 6, 1872 Sidney D illon. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Mar. 11, 1874 Charles 'F . Ada ms ... . . . • • • • • • • • .June 18, 1884 Sidney Dillon ...... • .. • • • • • • • • • Nov. 26, 1890 ""S. H. H. Clark •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • April 27, 1892 Winslow S. Piei·ce . . . . ... . . • • • • • Dec. 8, 1897 Horace G. Burt • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dec. 22, 1897 E. H. Harriman . . ... . . , • • • • • • • Jan. 7, 1904 R obert S. Lovett • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Oct. 21, 1909 A. L. 'l\'1ohler . ..•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • Oct. 13, 1911 E . E. Calvin ...•.•. • • • • • • • • • • • July 1, 1916 July 11, 1918 C. B. Seger .. •••··· · ··········· Robert S. Lovett. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Feb. 1, 1919 Jan. 1, 1920 Ca,rl R. Gray• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • W . M . Jeffers .... ••·· ·· · · ····· Oct. 1, 1937 To Oct. 30, 1863 Nov. 24, 1866 Mar. 12, 1868 Mar. 8, 1871 Mar. 6, 1872 June 20, 1873 June 18, 1884 Nov. 26, 1890 April 27, 1892 Feb. 1, 1898 D ec. 22, 1897 Jan. 1, 1904 Sept. 9, 1909 Oct. 13, 1911 July 1, 1916 July 11, 1918 Feb. 1, 1919 Jan. 1, 1920 Oct. 1, 1937 continued as President until dis• ate '* Reltit~emenft Tdahtee Railway Company in the early part of sou 10n o 1898. . p c'fic Railroad Company was organized under the Act The Uruon a I . 1862 and continued until January 24, 18~0, of Co1;1gress passed ~ul~ 1, The 'union Pacific Railway Company, w~1Ch when it was r~orgamze a~ te the ro erty until the Company went mto compnny contmue~ to opeia. ted bct~ber 13, 1893. The Receivers conthe hands of Rece1veri a.ypo1~ ntil operation was taken over by the new t inued to. operat~ the ~~ r~ail~~oad Company, nbout February 1, 1898. corporation, Umon Paci c ;r;!ro:v:c~~m �XI HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COA L MINES BASIC WAGE HATES AND HO URS OJ,' S ERVICE PRESIDENTS THE UNION PACIFIC COAL COMPANY BASIC D AY WAGE PAID I N ROCK SPRINGS, lVYOMI NG, FI ELD, JANU~RY I , 1890, TO MARCH 31, 1941, INCLUSIVE. TAKEN FROM PAY ROLLS AND WAGE SCALES, U TION PACIFIC RAILROAD AND COAL COMPANY From President Charles Francis Adams. . . . . . . . . . Sept. 17, 1890 Sidney Dillon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 17, 1890 S. H . H. Clark ................ Nov. 16, 1892 H orace G. Burt. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . Sept. 28, 1897 J. Kruttschnitt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 31, 1904 A. L. ::\Iohler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Feb. 13, 1913 E. E. Calvin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 1, 1916 J . D . Farrell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 11, 1918 C.R. Gray .................. .. J an. 5, 1920 E. E. Calvin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mar. 30, 1920 E . S. Brooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jan. 5, 1921 Eugene McAuliffe .............. Mar. 1, 1923 To D ec. 17, 1890 Nov. 16, 1892 Sept. 28, 1897 Mar. :n, 1904 Feb. 13, 1913 July 1, 1916 July 11, 1918 J an. 5, 1920 Mar. 30, 1920 J an. 5, 1921 1\'Iar. 1, 1923 PRESIDENTS SUPERIOR COAL COMPANY John W. L acey ............ .. .. J. Kruttschnitt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. L. :Mohle1·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. E. Cah·in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 29, 1905 July 6, 1909 Apr. 7, 1913 J ul:v 1. 1916 July 6, 19ml Apr. 7, 1913 J uly 1, 1916 J uly H , 1916 PRESIDENTS WASHINGTON UNION COAL COMPANY James P. Stapleton ........... . . May 6, 1907 Geo. A. Brooke ............... . Sept. 4, 1907 D. 0. Cla,r k ...... .. .... . .. . . . May 13, 1908 J. Kruttsclmitt ................ Sept. 22, 1909 J. D. Farrell ..... ...... . . . .... Apr. 14, ]913 F. A. :\lnnley . ....... ... ....... Nov. 11, 1913 J. D. Farrell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D ec. 26, 1917 Eugt!ne ::\-IcAuliffe ... ... .... .... Feb. 27, 1923 Sept. 4!, l 907 Apr. 27, 1908 Sept. 22, 1909 Ap1·. 14, 1913 N ov. 11, 1913 D ec. 26, 1917 Feb. 27, 1923 xii NON-UNION PERIOD P 1'r iod Ca l.-ndar ycnr 1690 ] 891 Calcndnr ycnr Ca lcndn r ycu r 18!12 18!13 Calc-ndnr ycnr 189,1Culc nd,11· Yt' H1' CnJ,..n,l:1r )'('II I' 1895 (",d,·nd n I' r cnr 1S96 1'11J,•111h r ) e11r 1897 C:1lc·11<lur .1·ea r 1&9S C al,·mhr ycnr 1899 1900 C'nl,•1111111· ycn r ,' alend;1 r yea r 190) 1902 C!!kn<ln r yc;1r Ju n. I to ~O\' . 15, 1903 X u,·. Hi lo D ec. :n, 190:3 l!JM C'11kndnr yeu r ]905 Cult:ndar yen~ Cule ni'la r year 190ti .Jnn. I to '.\fay 31, 1907 J une I to A uµ-. 31. 1901 For IVliito L alwr P er D (/!f From. To Hours $2.IG 2.50 :?.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.IG 1 .75 1.75 l.75 :?.50 2.50 2.50 2 .50 2.75 2.75 $:3.00 3.00 :J.00 10 10 JO 10 IO 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 10 10 10 JO ]0 JO 10 JO 10 . 10 10 2.7'5 IO 2.75 2.15 3.025 IO 10 10 F'or J a,pcwese crncl CM11 eu Per D a!/ Prom 'l'o H orn·s $1.35 $8.00 10 1.50 IO 1.35 10 1.35 1.50 10 1.50 JO 1.50 10 X o rnte 10 1.35 10 10 1.35 1.35 10 1.50 1.75 IO 1.75 10 1./iO J.71i 10 1.50 1.15 10 1.50 10 1.90 1.65 1.90 IO 1.65 10 1.90 1.65 10 1.90 1.65 1.9() 10 1.li5 10 2.0!l 1.815 1-'lRS1' c rr:.,-,l 'HA O'l' ll'l'l"Ji U. J[. lV. of A. 111112 8 HOUR DAY Ji'or J «•1m11e.•e rr11:l Glti11e,c F'o r IVhit,e Lal,or l'er D«y Per D(ly H o11u Proni Hour.~ 'l'o 'l'o Prom Ptiriod S e pt. l to Dec. ;u , 1907 1908 CuJendar year 1909 <.:alcntlar yenr 1910 Calemlur year 1911 Calt'ncl:Lr yenr .Tan. I to Ang. 31, 1912 l:icpt. 1 to Dec. 31, 1912 1913 Calendur yea r 1914 Calendar year 1915 Calendar year .Jun. l to Aug. 31, 1916 Sept. l to Dec. 31, 1916 Jan. 1 to Apr. 80, 1917 '.\foy 1 to Oct. 31, 1917 N'ov. l to Dec. 31, 1917 1918 Calendar year :uo 8 .110 :uo 3.40 8 8 8 8 :uo 8 3.-10 3.45 8.-15 3.45 3.45 :J.45 :J.52 3,52 ,k02 5.42 5_.~2 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 8 s 8.10 :uo 3.10 :l.10 8 8 8 8 Race Diil'erentiul Period E nded , �r, HISTORY OF UNION PACIFIC COAL MINES xiii H OURS WORKED, A::'\D AVERACE NET EARNINCS xii ii F'or White L11l,or l'erD<t!I Prriocl J,'ro111 ,Tun. l to Xu,·. :11, l!llll J>rc. 1 lo Jlc1·. 31, 1919 ,Jan. 1 ll• Mar. :11, 1920 Apr. 1 I<• .\ ug. 15, 1920 ,\u~. Hi to Dc1·. :11. 1920 Cnlcndnr yc·;1r 1!121 Cnll'ndnr y<'ar 1922 Cnlt'ndnr year 1923 Calcncla r year 1!121 Cnlcndnr y1·ar 1926 Cnlcnclnr yt'ar 19:?li Cnlmdor year 19:!7 Jnn. I lo :-;•.,•. :JO, l!J:!& Dec. 1 to l>,•c. :11, 1928 Cnknclar ~·1·ar 1!1:!!l Colcnclnr year 19:10 Cnl1·111l11r ycnr 19:11 ,Jan. I lo J unc 30. l9:J2 ,July l to Ike. 31, 19:12 Cnlcnclar year 193.'l Jon. 1 lo )for. 31, l93l Apr. 1 to lk1·. :JI, l!J:Jt, r,,,i2 Jan. I lo Sl'pt. 30, J9:J5 Oct. I to Dec. :11, 19;,r. Culcnclnr y<'ar l!);J(i Jon. 1 to )for. 31, 1937 Apr. l tn Dec. :11, l!l:J7 Calmtlar )·car 1938 Calenclar ~·1•11 r 1939 Cnlcmlar ycnr 1!> to Jon. 1 to ::\Iar. 31, 19 H 6.18 6.18 u..iz 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.!l2 7.92 7.92 i.92 'i.92 (i.i2 6.72 6.72 6.72 6.72 IU2 Tu Houri 8 6 8 8 8 WITH HOURS PER DAY ' TEN-YEAR PERIOD 8 THE UNION PACIFIC COAL s 8 COMPANY s 8 8 8 13 8 8 8 8 8 s 6A2 s..i2 8 s.i2 ; G.92 'j G.-iz (i.,i2 (i.i2 ' 8 5.-t2 IS.92 6.92 M2 6.12 AVERAGE NET DAILY AND HOURLY WAGE j Estnhli~h11ll'11l of i hr. dur, 3:1 hr:;. per wc1·k .\pril I, (93~ Cnlc11.l11r Yrnr Hour:; Worked 19:10 8.0 $7.49 $ .9:36 rn:n 8.0 7.38 .922 19:J:2 8.0 6.65 .881 1933 8.0 5.92 .740 19:34- 7.2 5.82 .808 1 !)3fi 7.0 5.93 .8-1-7 1936 7.0 6.34! .906 1937 1.0 6.85 .987 1938 7.0 7.11 1.015 1939 7.0 7.17 1.024! Average Earnings PerDny Per H<,ur ; ~ i ; ; j Note: Hours worked reduced from 8 per day and 48 per week to 7 per day nnd 35 per week, Ap1·il 1, 1934. �STATEMENT SHOWING TOTAL TONS OF COAL MINF.D 'BY TII!t UN THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY. TIIE UN[ON l>ACIVIC CC UNION COAL COMPANY SINCE THE Ol>t.;NIN< WYOMING Sweetwater Coun ty Year Rock Springs Reliance Carbon County Winton Superior Hanna Carbon L incoln County Da11a Cumberland Uinta Twin Creeks Almy 1868 1869 365 16,933 6,560 30,483 1,967 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 20,946 40,567 34,677 44,700 58,476 54,915 31,748 59,237 61,164 55,880 12,454 21,172 22,713 22,847 23,006 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 104,667 134,953 146,494 154.281 193,252 61,750 69,062 74,343 62,418 75,325 41,805 60,756 54,643 59,096 71,576 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 244,460 279,908 276,589 301,710 306,150 100,434 156,820 200,124 248,366 321.637 100,235 110,157 116,548 111,300 150,085 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 328,601 359,238 465,445 589,512 664,263 226,864 214,235 288,358 347,754 170,258 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 652,408 818,656 943,943 931,513 860,503 74,757 190,858 245,673 194,182 211.714 201,191 29,886 173,373 16,821 184,370 154,371 146.495 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 725,529 571,677 651,321 763,677 978,368 193,997 188,663 217,977 183,694 270,062 104,015 122,363 120,607 123,430 118,820 1900 960,688 272,451 1901 1,035,378 \ \ '\CU\ ? QQ? '7SI.F, 276,795 \ \ .... 267,088 136,514 144,389 32,673 4,689 48,522 45,378 17,308 16,085 173,980 158,618 196,914 155,267 110,343 176,130 143,820 157,986 137,714 82,688 76,760 61,306 63,689 52,912 22,347 177,715 615,453 - �---- . ':#':#£-, / l)O 1903 1904 1,140,874 1 669,919 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1,813,288 1,782,894 1,482,593 1,247,985 1,350~875 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1,212,770 973,946 1,018,537 844,908 699,155 112,604 290,959 326,215 385,184 12,007 220,576 495,523 720,494 1,019,454 939,434 1,040,534 990,853 938,073 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 786,712 869,939 825,752 908,811 686,134 472,077 486,246 484,098 557,770 336,892 1920 1921 1922 1923 1<~24 972,890 809,418 636,246 866,032 731 840 434,266 396,343 275,486 362,002 293.263 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 764,030 806,196 892,620 887,006 898,425 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 k/U1 /':J:J 144,389 I 267,088 32,673 194,592 332 772 I :z.~ 177,715 615,453 , 885,747 354,358 450,636 581,402 538,511 585,525 919.856 1,157,224 1,068,468 771,391 622,638 654,199 652,427 592,294 632,122 612,329 628,311 879,098 890,735 758,953 857,303 500,307 590,753 474,391 408,120 429,299 389,849 627,645 743,503 835,857 750,478 559,621 427,281 490,911 378,437 309,706 238,185 235,613 264,606 400,750 313 198 646,691 692,283 486,640 698,003 671916 689,714 484,047 349,569 543,822 470,835 325,818 366,830 241,227 370,495 340,626 270,121 263,274 261,118 297,279 348,359 305,912 323,380 317,500 412,004 455.130 647,723 577,826 505,463 559,537 648,985 443,833 493,441 483,949 513,200 529,013 347.446 312,128 289,780 258,364 180,720 854,063 713,473 546,274 607,111 650.901 330,564 271,042 250,392 263,656 297 983 431,960 383,736 309,195 326,612 395 219 708,125 642,266 535,027 541,149 671,645 485,772 443,010 404,382 359,030 386,805 87,169 784,799 853,748 774,520 675,444 705,919 387,808 490,266 592,693 588,080 675,063 483,758 506,829 524.7 53 544,241 557,378 i74,994 890,386 859,523 ;21,407 832.771 456,372 544,930 564,139 487,806 489,872 ' I TOTAL 50,398,681 10,801 .103 7,491 ,77 4 23,nS,704 22,083,835 4,680.346 62,792 14,130,226 115,897 2,7. NOTES: From date of ope~ing of mining districts until Octo~er 31, ~890, inclusive, coal was recovere~ b, Coal Company with the exception of that at Superior, which from date of opening until April 31 2. The Winton Mines were purchasfd by The Union Pacific Coal Company May 16, 1921, from the "Megeath." From the time of the opening in 1917 to May 16, 1921, 609,642 tons were mined b 3. The Pleasant Valley (Scofield) ilines were closed from 1898 to 1906, inclusive, again from 191 covered from these mines since !936, this property abandoned by The Union Pacific Coal Con 4. Washington Union Coal ConTQlllY tonnages shown separately from The Union Pacific Coal C 1. �~D BY THE UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, THE COAL DEPARTMENT, ON PACIFIC COAL COMPANY, SUPERIOR COAL COMPANY AND WASHINGTON : THE OPENING OF THE VARIO US MINING DISTRICTS. UTAH >Unty T win Creeks Uinta C oun ty Almy S pring Valley COLORADO WASHINGTON Summit County Carbon County Park County Gunnison County Weld County Boulder County Grass Creek Pleasant Valley Como Baldwin Erie Northrop L ouisville Year 1868 12,454 21,172 22,713 22,847 23,006 88,315 93,487 116,627 128,711 137,362 1870 1871 100,235 110,157 116,548 111,300 150.085 40,608 63,895 47,219 35,548 10,833 31,193 60,140 62,471 12,990 29,034 42,995 34,639 42,309 56,671 63,376 43,702 24,207 23,198 37,240 39,939 14,175 29,845 40,904 56,348 49,183 176,130 143,820 157,986 137,714 77,532 63,121 53,009 49,313 54,581 49,594 47,403 58,979 38,769 25,715 6,619 14,339 7,936 82,688 76,760 61,306 63,689 52,912 22,347 40,682 50,259 19,569 50,613 29,131 4,946 173,980 158,618 196,914 155,267 110,343 14,953 5,092 12,695 18,085 24,274 5,905 44,735 97,115 73,968 7,311 33,646 208,222 264,771 275,480 1877 275,795 340,153 1879 445,129 587,493 726,625 968,975 1,085,643 939,195 849,913 1,062,074 1,242,792 1,113,447 1,268,117 1,468,391 1,651,896 1,505,862 1,299,008 1,146,911 1,009,722 1,070,780 1,134,490 1,420,162 6 121 037 4 16,210 3,341,080 3 7 118,825 ' 1869 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1,406,675 1,745,890 2,018,614 2,340,038 3,043,584 14,675 111,613 110,614 5 Tono 6,925 49,383 ' 17,308 Total All Mines 1,967 41,805 60,756 54,643 59,096 71,576 4,689 48,522 45 378 Washington Unior Coal Company ~ ~14_005 1878 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 �- 52,912 22,347 - ~ - 1 I 1 s;\ 1,406,67 1,745,890 14,675 111,613 110,614 .,_,~~V,J..UC\ ~ 1900 1901 \902 2,0lS,f>16t ~ 2,340,038 118,825 121.037 1903 1904 1905 3,043,584 16,210 ' 76,527 271,031 272,452 233,843 34,843 3,341,080 3,314,005 3,132,489 3,175,688 3,583,545 12,249.70 77,478.05 1906 1907 1908 1909 3,709,247 3,127,512 3,390,272 3,203,604 3,040,572 28,601.10 89,235.40 136,543.15 152,769.85 109,495.35 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 3,192,813 3,481,334 3,283,097 3,384,068 2,321,139 112,007.25 164,316.00 204,452.85 270,345.80 213,298.65 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 3,069,379 2,984,534 2,253,774 3,241,104 2,821,678 257,104.10 253,448.75 178,719.80 250,846.00 263,788.10 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 2,779,065 2,776,245 2,750,430 2,927,390 3,060,632 257,096.15 250,222.55 257,332.85 260,885.35 235,575.05 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 2,897,653 2,453,527 2,045,270 2,097,558 2,402,553 180,364.50 97,068.80 56,483.85 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 2,887,731 3,286,159 3,315,628 3,016,978 3,261,003 115,897 2.750,834 492,974 271,960 1,578,77E 511,357 261,373 59,23l _J 29,082 249,464 us~~- 139,545,413 4,369,729.00 TOTAL ~ bY The u • recovered . . Railroad . n epartrnent, and thereafter by The Union Pacific until April 30, _nion J:>ac1fic Company and the Railroad's coal ln 1916 921 from the M ' inclusive, was recovered by the Superior Coal ColTIP d :y. wer; mined by t~~e:~ Coal Company, which company opened and operate the mines previous to that date, under the name of ,-ain from 1912 to g~ath Coal Company. ,g3 fic Coal Cotnpan 1916, inclusive; from 1917 to December 31, 1936, t.681-' tons were mined by lessees. No coal has been re- >acific Coal Cornp!~Y- �r; g Filo! _J I . I J I 4/ ..J t§j ,, ',?..I<' f, .... 4': l I ,...,.. . ,f'J ,:_ . •. ~ , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource History of Union Pacific Coal Mines Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1940 Subject The topic of the resource The history of the Union Pacific Coal mines, including description of significant events and photographs. Description An account of the resource 9" x 6" book with red cover and gold text. The history of the Union Pacific Coal mines, including description of significant events and photographs. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0041 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.