5 10 352 https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/605067bb31fc4d36f74be407f263f4df.pdf f215c497bb1b47a5202511c54a3e9e39 PDF Text Text ��������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Miscellaneous Photographs - Unable to Identify Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Subject The topic of the resource Miscellaneous photos from UPCC mines. Description An account of the resource Varying sizes of photographs held in an orange folder with handwritten label. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0029 https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/56d307e3846ba18f3b6c055d2cf5ae82.pdf b0dcc96f6a9f508a216c7a72e9899668 PDF Text Text -AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MININGS METALLURGICAL ENGINEERS 29 WEST 39:nl--STRE:ET'" NEW YORK 18, N . Y. OFFICE OF TI-IE SECRETARY Our 76th Year IVay 2, 1947 To the Members of the Board of Directors and the Cha 1.rmen of the Loca 1 Sect ions. Gentlemen: Herewith is a copy of Part I of the "Manual on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees'" as prepared by the Committee on theR:onomic Status of the Engineer on which the Institute is represented by Fo B. Foley, Scott Turner, and lewis E. Young. The circumstances of publication are detailed in the pamphlet itself. I nay mention that the AIME representatives have not yet approved the proposed text for Parts II and III, the projected publication of which is indicated on the title page. . 1 Any member of the Institute may o1"€'a\n a copy of the Wanual -- so long as the supply lsets [bijsendi"Of!, $1 to the Office of the Secretary. / vn~~ ,. ,, A. B. PARSONS Secretary (Enc. ) ---------- - - �. Mamnu1a1!. <D>fill Colleclbive IB~gauimwmg f(Q)rr JPJr(Q)feS§i<0>rmaill IBmpli(Q)yee§ I PART I The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees Published by The Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer �I..' Manual on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees PART I The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees Prepared by Dr. WALDO E. FISHER, Professor of Industry, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania; and the Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers; in collaboration with the Committee on Collective Bargaining by Engineers in Professional Work, a survey committee of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer. (A Committee of Engineers Joint Council) PUBUSHED BY The Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer REPRESENTING American Society of Civil Engineers 33 West 39th Street New York 18, N. Y. American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers !29 West 39th Street New York 18, N. Y. American I nstitute of Electrical Engineers 33 West 39th Street New York 18, N. Y. American Society of Mechanical Engineers !29 West 39th Street New York 18, N.Y. American Institute of Chemical Engineers 50 East 4nt Street New York 17, N. Y. The National Society of Professional Engineers 1359 Connecticut Avenue, N. W. Washington 6, D. C. PRICE $1 SOLD _THROUGH THE OFFICES OF THE ABOVE SOCIETIES �r CONTENTS \ I, I PART I Foreword .. .. .............. . ..... . ...... ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction Copyright, 1947, by Page 5 7 Summarizes recent developments in industrial relations, discusses the factors that have led to the organization of professional employees and points out the objectives and contents of the manual. ENGINEERS JOINT COUNCIL 25-33 West 39th Street, New York 18, N. Y. Chapter 1. ,- This is Part I 0 1a Three-Part Publication I: PART II: The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees Co11ective • Bargaining, Mediation and Arbitration PART III: The ob·Jectives, • Structure and Tactics of Labor Organizations II Summarizes the stated objectives of the Act, the industries covered by it, the rights guaranteed to employees, the unfair labor practices which employers may not engage in, and the agencies and procedures established to give effect to the public policy stated in the Act. 2. PART The National Labor Relations Act ... .. .... ... . . ... . What the Professional Societies Have Done and Are Doing ........ . ..... . ..... . . . ....... .•. ••• • •••• 21 Reviews the efforts of engineering and other societies to assist professional employees to protect their interests and to obtain the type of employee-employer relations they desire. 3. An Examination of Proposals Made by Professional Employees to Modify the Wagner Act. .......... • • • • • • • • 27 Considers the current proposals to modify the National L abor Relations Act which have been suggested by members of professional societies in order to further the interests of professional employees with respect to collective bargaining. 4. Courses of Action Taken by Professional Employees Under the Act .. . . ..• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ~- Examines the courses of action taken by professional employees when confronted with the issue of representation for purposes of collective bargaining. 33 �5 CONT~ (con'tinued) . Types of Labor Organizations Open to Professional Em5 ployees . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 37 Examines the advantages and disadvantages of labor organizations restricted to the employees of a single establishment or company as compared with labor organizations whose jurisdiction embraces a region or an industry, appraises the various types of labor organizations from the standpoint of structure, and discusses the benefits and limitations of affiliation with a national federation of labor. r l f 6. Forming an Organization for Collective Bargaining • . . . Discusses the conditions that must be met and the steps that may be taken by professional employees who find it desirable or necessary to establish an organization for collective bargaining. Appendices A. B. C. D. The National Labor Relations Act .. .. . . .. . .. . . . . National and Regional Organizations serving as collective bargaining agencies for professional employees A Sample Constitution (Department of Water & Power Professional Engineers' Association-A unit of The Southern California Professional Engineering Association) . . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. ........... . .. . . ... . 55 59 61 A Sample Ballot (Official Constitution Ballot for ratification of Constitution of the Association of Engineers and Engineenng • • Ass'1stants ) . . .... . ... .. . . .... . E. A Sample Membership Application (Southern California Professional Engineering Assoc1at1on • • ) .. .. ... . . .. . .. ......... . .. .. . F. A Sample Election Ballot (T~e Association of Engineers and Engineering Assistants) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l FOREWORD THIS MANUAL bas been prepared for the primary purpose of accurately informing professional employees, especially professional engineering employees, on matters pertaining to Collective Bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) as it now stands on our statute books. I ts publication is sponsored by Engineers Joint Council•:~ (E.J.C.) and the National Society of Professional Engineers (N.S.P.E.). The draft was reviewed and approved by Joint Council's Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer* on which committee N.S.P.E. has three representatives, as has each of the five societies represented •on Engineers Joint Council. The original draft was prepared by Dr. Waldo E. Fisher, Professor of Industry at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, for the Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters':• of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers ( A.I.E.E.). When it was decided that the publication of such a Manual should be sponsored jointly by E.J.C. and N.S.P.E., it was suggested that the manuscript, as originally prepared for A.I.E.E., but with modifications to make it acceptable to the other five societies, should be used as the basis for the Manual. T his suggestion was promptly endorsed by A.I.E.E. Accordingly, the Committee on Collective Bargaining by Engineers in Professional Work,* a Survey Committee of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer, was assigned the task of working with Dr. Fisher to make the desired modifications in the A.I.E.E. manuscript. Although the primary purpose of the Manual is to provide professional employees with accurate information pertaining to Collective Bargaining under the National Labor Relations Act as now written, 64 • Sec page 6. Chapter III examines certain proposals £or modifying the Act which have come to the attention of the several committees which have had a part in preparing the Manual. Because some of these proposals seem to be based on inaccurate or incomplete information, it was felt that it would be helpful to professional employees to have accurate information on such matters also. It is the intention of the sponsors to present in the Manual an objective analysis which should be helpful to professional employees in forming their own conclusions regarding collective bargaining, unionization and possible revisions of the National Labor Relations Act. The complete Manual is divided into three parts with appropriate Appendix sections, the three parts being: I : The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees Part ll: Collective Bargaining, Mediation and Arbitration Part III: The Objectives, Structure and Tactics of Labor Organizations Part In the interest of getting accurate information into the hands of professional employees at the • earliest possible date, the present issue includes Part 1 only. The manuscript for Parts 2 and 3 is being reviewed and will be released for publication just as soon as possible. FOR THE COMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE ENGINEER I. Ml!.LVILLE STEIN, Chairman �6 ORGANIZATION Tors MANUAL is sponsored by Engineers Joint Council which consists of the Presidents, immediate PastP~idents, and Secretaries of the following societies : American Society of Civil Engineers American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Institute of Electrical Engineers American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers American Institute of Chemical Engineers The Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer consists of 'the following: Chairman: I. MELVILLE STEIN, Vice-President and Director of Research, Leeds & Northrup Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (A.I.E.E.) Vice-Chairman: WILLIAM N. CAREY, Executive-Secretary, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, N. Y. (A.S.C.E.) Secretary: PAUL T. ONOERDONK, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc., New York, N. Y. (A.S.M.E.) E. G. BAILEY, Vice-President, Babcock & Wilcox Co., New York, N. Y. (A.S.M.E.) L. W. BAS&, Air Reduction Co. New York N y (A.I.Ch.E.) ' ' • • JAMEs ~- C~ca, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engmeenng, Columbia University New York N. Y. (A.I.Ch.E.) ' ' L. J. FLETCHER, Director of Training d C an om• R . m~ty elations, Caterpillar Tractor Co Peona, Ill. (A.S.M.E.) ., FRANcx~ B. Fouv, S~perintendent of Research, The Midvale Co., Philadelphia Pa. (A IM E) Jo1rn s. KENNEDY Port) d' C •• • • Shak H . h ' an ement Association er eig ts, Ohio (N.S.P.E.) ' G.uu.P.ToN S. PMcToa M M ' oran, Proctor, Freeman & ueser, New York, N. Y. (A.SC E) WlLLIAht F R • • • • YAN, Stone & Webster E . . Corp., Boston, Mass. (N.S.P.E ) ngmeenng ERNEST J. STOCKING Assistan •. Personnel, Utifuation D~ -~ef Examining & Service Com.....:. . lVIS1on, U . S. Civil ._..._.s100 Washin (A.S.C.E). ' gton, D. C. A. c.uip sl°REAMPI> Ass· • -.., istant to the p 'd mghouse Electri C res1 ent, West(A.I.E.E.) c orp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Sco1T TURNER, New York, N. Y. (A.I.M.E.) STEPHEN L. TYLER, Secretary, American I . • al E ngmeers, • Chenuc New York DStitute N of (A.I.Ch.E.) ' • Y. ALEX VAN PRMo, Ja., Warren & Van p raag, Decatur, Ill. (N.S.P.E.) E. P. YERKES, Engineer of Equipment, The Bell Tel. ephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pa. {A.I.E.E.) ' LEWIS E. YouNG, Pittsburgh, Pa. (A.I.M.E.) The Committee on Collective Bargaining b ~ngi.neers in Professional Work consists of the folio:. mg: Chairman: E. P. YE.RK.ES, Engineer of Equipment, The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. ( A.1.E.E.) JAMES M. CHURCH, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (A.I.Ch.E.) CHARLES S. GoTWALs, Superintendent Plant No, 1, SKF Industries, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. (A.S.M.E.) GAIL A. HATHAWAY, Hyattsville, Md. (A.S.C.E.) J OHN S. KENNEDY, Portland Cement Association, Shaker Heights, Ohio (N.S.P.E.) LEwrs E. YouNo, Pittsburgh, Pa. ( A.I.M.E.) The Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers consists of the following: Chairman: I. MELvn.LE STEIN Vice President and Director of Research, Le:ds & Northrup Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-Chairman: Ovm W. EsH13ACH, Dean, North· western Technological Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill. Secretary: E. P. YERKES, Engineer of Equipment, The Bell Telephone Company of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Wn.LIAM R. HouGH, Chief Engineer, Reliance Elec• tric & Engineering Co., Cleveland, Ohio. A. C.w:p STREAMER, Assistant to the President, West• inghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. BARTOW VAN NEss, JR., Chief Engineer, Safe Harbor Water Power Corp., Baltimore, Md. 7 INTRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES, from the beginning of the factory system until sometime after the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the great majority of industrial employees dealt with their employers as individuals in establishing wages, hours, and conditions of employment. During this period the spirit of extreme individualism which dominated the frontier civilization of a century ago continued to prevail in the field of employer-employee relations. Organized labor failed to secure or maintain a foothold in many industries or sections of industries. Prior to 1933, it had succeeded in the industries dependent upon hand skill and in the decentralized trades and industries consisting in a large measure of small or relatively small firms or corporations. Its greatest achievements had been in the building trades, in steam railroads and electric and street railways, in the clothing industries, in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, in printing and publishing, in theatres and music, and to a lesser extent in the glass, clay, and stone industries. The transportation and building unions represented about one-half of the total union membership.1 Generally speaking, it was a movement of wage earners, but it did embrace unions of clerical workers and certain professional employees, notably actors, musicians, and teachers. After I 929 certain conditions and events brought about drastic changes in the employer-employee relationships of this country. Important among the factors which have accounted for these changes are ( I ) the prolonged depression which intensified the universal urge for economic security; (2) the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 which, so far as the nonagricultural industries were concerned, established industrial codes that guaranteed employees the right to organize and bargain collectively, and that sought to augment purchasing power by raising wages and to increase employment by reducing hours of work;= (3) social legislation designed to provide greater income and security for employees through the establishment of minimum labor standards and various types of social insurances as well as assistance to the needy, (4-) the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 which 1 Footnotes appear at the ,nd of each section or chapter protected the right of labor to organize and bargain collectively, (5) the resulting growth in the membership and power of organized labor, especially in the mass production industries, (6) the split in the American Labor Movement, and (7) the shortage of manpower occasioned by World War II. When the National Industrial Recovery Act was passed in June 1933, some three million workers in the United States were associated with labor organizations whose jurisdiction extended beyond the scope of a single company-well over two-thirds of them being in unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor; another million and a quarter employees belonged to plant-wide or company-wide unions; while the remainder-some twenty million industrial workers-formulated their terms and conditions of employment by means of individual bargaining. The forces and conditions enumerated above threatened to disrupt many long-established employeremployee relationships. The adjustments which followed were accompanied with a large measure of industrial strife, which was to be expected inasmuch as the recovery legislation and the efforts of unions compressed into a few years far-reaching modifications in the relationships between employers and employed which in most countries took decades of gradual change. In the years that followed the passage ,of the National Industrial Recovery Act and especially the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act, labor unions conducted intensive organizing campaigns which, aided by Federal agencies, in particular by the directives of the National War Labor Board on the maintenance of membership, were extraordinarily successful. At the close of 1945, "about 13.8 million workers were covered by written collective-bargaining agreements".• During these years the character of the American Labor Movement underwent considerable change. This change was accentuated by the existence of two powerful competing national federations-the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Of real importance, also, was the United Mine Workers of America, which played �[ 8 INTRODUCTION . 1 c.-t ;,., the formation of the CIO, later a maJor ro e, w~ ... di f d as an independent competitor of the two lea ~g e erations of labor, and more recently as an ~~ate of the A. F. of L. To retain or win leadership in the field, these organizations found it necessary to e,,-p~d . • • diction and to increase their membership. thell' J\IDS • hich Under aggressive leadership, the moveme~t (w had been confined in the main to production work• ers) spread first to clerical workers and then to professional employees. It cannot be assumed, however, that the growth of labor organizations among professional employees is due only to the activities of outside unions. A minority of engineers has shown an interest in coll~ctive bargaining through the medium of strong labor organizations. Several factors may account for this development. In the first place, the number of professional men in industry has grown substantially during the last quarter of a century. It should be noted that their role is largely that of an employee rather than a consultant, and that in many companies large numbers are engaged on specialized aspects of engineering work. A minority of these employees has revealed a deep dissatisfaction with the limited character of their work, much of which involves "routine clerical testing or other work which a competent semi-techni~ cal assistant could handle". Some of them are "generally or extremely dissatisfied" with their salaries and complain of the supervision they receive as well as the lighting, noise, and dirt on the job and the space allotted to them. Moreover, they resent the lack of opportunity to get ahead and the failure of managem~~ to keep them informed concerning company policies ~d other matters of interest and importance to professional employees.• thirtiIn the second place, the long depression of the . es has made a substantial number of professio°;l employees security minded. Large numbers of gra uates of professional schools could not find • b durin th JO s did _g ese y~rs, and the salaries paid to those who ' m many mstances, reflected the then ailin oversupply of professionally-trained em l prev U g employment was not confin p oyees. nates. A study of the en . ed _to recent college graduthe Bureau of Labor S~~~g ~rofession made by one-third 0 f th . tics disclosed that about e engmeers w time during the years ere unemployed some • 1929-1934.5 Important also has been th . upon the comparative sal e unpact of the war ary status of professional INTRODUCTION employees. Differences in overtime earnings in th . , me. cl d f o s o payment, an , m some cases, differences in the increases of the base pay of hourly-rated and f . h pro esst0na1 employees ave placed the latter at a de ·d d disadvantage. For these employees rising pric ci te gether with higher taxes have reduced the sta:a ~ of living and impaired morale. ar . This. combination of factors plus the prompt attenoon given by management to the wage demands and grievances of organized shop employees and th • d e success attaine by these workers appear to have made some professional employees wonder whether collective bargaining might not be a useful device for removing existing inequities and improving their economic status. Scope and Purpose of this Manual The demands upon professional employees to master and keep abreast with scientific theory and technological knowledge in their respective fields have become increasingly heavy. Most professional people have not had the time or the opportunity to keep informed of developments in the American Labor Movement or in legislation pertaining to labor organizations and collective bargaining. Confronted with economic factors and conditions outside of their field of specialization and uncertain of the impact of recent developments in labor relations upon their professional status, many of them turned to their respective societies for advice and assistance. As we shall see later, a number of these societies established committees to study the problem, and some of them developed programs designed to further the interests of their members. The various studies and surveys undertaken by these societies disclosed a definite need for a source book on colic<, tive bargaining for professional employees. This volume has been prepared to meet that need. Those who are responsible for its preparation have sought diligently to treat this controversial subject simply but adequately and as objectively as ~ssible. In carrying out this task they have keft. lll mind the primary objectives of professional socieb«:, namely, the advancement of the theory and techni· cal knowledge of the science or art which its memberS practice as well as of the allied arts and sciences, and the maintenance of high professional standards among members. The primary purpose of this volume ( of which this is Part I) is to give professional employees a background against which they may interpret and appraise the current developments in the field of labor relations. Part I: The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees, presents the essential features of the National Labor Relations Act, reviews professional society activities with respect to collective bargaining for professional employees, examines certain proposals to modify this Act, appraises the various courses of action which professional employees have taken under the Act, presents the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of labor organizations which are open to professional employees, and discusses the conditions that must be met, the steps that must be taken, and the responsibilities involved in establishing a labor organization for professional employees. Part II: Collective Bargaining, Mediation and Arbitration, deals with the purpose and content of collective bargaining, the process of negotiating and living under a contract, and the nature and place of mediation and arbitration in the settlement of industrial disputes. Pirt III treats with the objectives, structure and tactics of labor organizations. It presents a brief history of the American Labor Movement, examines the structure and functions of labor organizations, and portrays union organizing tactics and strike strategy and tactics. The appendices include the National Labor Relations Act, copies of documents and forms pertaining to labor organizations and collective bargaining, a glossary of terms, a bibliography on labor relations and related material. This manual has been prepared to give professional employees a knowledge of their rights and responsibilities under the National Labor Relations Act 9 and to inform them about the theory and practice of labor organizations and collective bargaining as they function in business and industry. The decision to organize or not to organize and the choice of a bargaining agency and a bargaining unit, to the extent permitted by the National Labor Relations Act, rest witp the professional employees themselves. The decision should be based on a knowledge of the facts of labor law and labor relations ~ well as on their personal preferences and convictions and the circumstances prevailing in a given situation. 1 Sec Wolman, Leo: Growth of American Trad, Umons, 1880 to 1923, New York, 1924, pp. 86-91 and Report of the Committee on Recent Economic Changes of the President's Conference on Unemployment: Recent Economic Changes in the United States, 1929, Vol. II, pp. 479-481. , 2 Section 7 (a) of the Act provided: ''Every code of fair competition, agreement, and license approved, prescribed, or usued under this title shall contain the following conditions: ( 1) That employees shall have the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and shall be free from the interference, restraint, or coercion of employers of labor, or their agents, in the designation of such representatives or in self-organization or _in other. C?n• certed activities for the purpose of collective bargallllllg or other mutual aid or protection; (2) that no employee and no one seeking employment shall be required as a condition of employment to join any company union or to refrain from j~ining, o ~ g , or assisting a labor organization of his own ch005mg; and (3) that employers shall comply with the maximum hours of labor minimum rates of pay, and other conditions of em;loyment, approved or prescribed by the President." a Monthly Labor Re11iew, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, April 1946, p. 567. 4 Based on ( 1 ) the finding, of a recent qucstio~aire filled in by 1145 enginccn who were employed m a _large manufacturing company in the East, and (2) interviews with groups of engineers. G Fraser Andrew Jr. and Hinrichs, A. F.: "Employment and Earning~ in the Engineering Profession, 1929-1934", United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin No. 68~, p. ix, Washiugton, D. C., 1941. �II Chapter I THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT EARLY IN 1935, a National Labor Relations Bill (S. 1958, 74th Congress, 1st session) was introduced in Congress. According to its sponsors the purpose of this Bill was ( I ) to remove the uncertainties which prevailed concerning the rights of employees and the obligations of employers with respect to labor organizations and collective bargaining, and ( 2) to establish effective machinery for the enforcement of these rights and obligations. It was not the intention of the framers of the Act, therefore, to add to the existing rights of employees but to have the Federal Government guarantee rights which the courts had long recognized as essential to the welfare of employees engaged in the production of goods and services. Both houses approved the Bill late in June. It was signed by the President on July 5, 1935. 1. The Objectives of the Act The National Labor Relations Act, popularly' known as the Wagner Act, does not purport to enunciate the broad principles and policies upon which a comprehensive code of industrial relations may be developed. It deals with the rights of employees and the acts of employers that interfere with the exercise of those rights. It lays down "unfair labor practices" in which employers may not engage and specifies certain basic rights which it guarantees to employees. The choice of objectives and means to be used in or• ganizing and administering unions and in conducting collective bargaining is left to the employees or their agents subject to the restraints set up by civil and criminal law, local ordinances, or under certain conditions by injunction proceedings. The following statement of Senator Wagner, the sponsor of the Act in the Senate, is of interest in that it throws light on the intended scope of this legislation: 1 "We have not gone in this bill into the field of re• lationship between employer and employee. We have been dealing only with the right of the employee to engage in collective bargaining with his employer. If an employee threatens to bum the house of a fellow employee unless he joins his Uruon, there is ample pro• vision of law to cover such a case. . . . That is a domain we have not entered into, because we are not dealing with it." a. Public Policy as Stated in the Act . _The Act declares that it is the public policy "to eliminate the causes of certain substantial obstructions to_ ~e free £low of commerce and to mitigate and eliminate these obstructions when they have occurred by encouraging the practice and procedure of collective bargaining and by protecting the exercise by ~orkers of full freedom of association, self-organization, and designation of representatives of their own choosing, for the purpose of negotiating the terms and conditions of their employment or other mutual aid or protection." b. Findings on Which Congressional Action was Based Why did Congress believe it to be desirable to encourage collective bargaining and to guarantee labor full freedom of association and related rights? The economic philosophy of Congress as expressed in the Act ( Sec. I ) is, in essence, that the denial by employers of the right of employees to organize and the refusal by employers to bargain collectively cause serious disturbances in our national economy. These actions on the part of employers give rise to strikes and other forms of industrial unrest. Since they occur in the current of commerce, strikes burden or obstruct commerce by "impairing the efficiency, safety or operation of the instrumentalities of commerce" and by "materially affecting, restraining, or controlling the fl.ow of raw materials or manufactured or processed goods from or into the channels of commerce, or the prices of such materials or goods in commerce." Work stoppages, we are told, also cause a "diminution of employment and wages in such volume as substantially to impair or disrupt the market for goods flowing from or into the channels of commerce." Interference with the employees' efforts to organize and the refusal to bargain collectively, say the sponsors of the Act, give rise to inequality of bargaining power between employees and employers, and this condition not only "substantially burdens and affects �12 THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT the flow of commerce" but "tends to aggravate recurring business depressions, by depressing ,~age rates and the purchasll!g power of wage earners in industry and by preventing the stabilization of wage rates and working conditions within and betv,een industries." On the other hand, the framers of the Act assert, "experience has proved that protection by law of the right of employees to organize and bargain collectively'' not only "safeguards commerce from injury, impairment, or interruption" but "promotes the flow of commerce by: removing certain recognized sources of industrial strife and unrest, CI1couraging practices fundamental to the friendly adjusttnent of industrial disputes arising out of differences as to wages, hours, or other working conditions, and by restoring equality of bargaining power between employer, and employees." 2. I ndustries Covered by the Act ,., The Act applies to industries in which "the denial by employers of the right of employees to organize and the refusal by employers to accept the procedure of collective bargaining" would obstruct inter~tate commerc~ by "(c) materially affecting, restrainmg, or controlling the flow of raw materials or manufactured or processed goods from or into the channels ?f commerce, or the prices of such materials or goods m co~erce; or (d) causing diminution of employ~ent_ and wages in such volume as substantially to un~ or disrupt the market for goods flowing from or mto ~e channels of commerce." (Sec. x)2 The Act specifically excludes the following emp1oyees: 1 • Agricultural laborers. 2. Worke~ subject to the Railway Labor Act. 3· Domestic servants. 4- Any individual employed by his spouse. parent or 5. Government employees m·cluding federal, state, county, and city employees. It is apparent, therefore, that the Act . fessional employees incl d' d applies to prounless covered by the abo~e::emo~tors and lawyers, It should be noted that th p Sons. recent years has been broad . e. upreme Court in state commerce and th t enmg its concept of interreg_wation is being appl:d ~o a c~nseque_nce federal of mdwtries,a an mcreasmg number TIIE NATIONAL RELATIONS LABOR ACT an agreement, with a labor organization (not established, maintained, or assisted by any action delined in this Act as an unfair labor practice) to require as a condition of employment membership therein, if such labor orgilnization is the representative of the employees as provided in Section 9 (a) in the appropriate collective bargaining unit covered by such agreement when made.O 3. The Rights Guaranteed to Employees Section 7 of the Act protects by law rights , 'th • . d Y1 respect to seIf-orgaruzation an collective bargainin which have long been recognized by the courts. Thg Act stat~ ~at "employe~ ~hall have the right t: self-organization, to form, Jom or assist labor organ. izations, to bargain collectively through representatives of ~e-~ own choosing, and to engage in con. ~erted activities, for ~e purpose of collective bargain. mg or other mutual aid or protection" . 4. The Unfair Labor Practices To safegu_ard the righ~ guaranteed in Section 7, the Act designated certain labor practices which it declares unfair and which it forbids employers to use, By employer is meant not only the owners of a business but "any person acting in the interest of any employer, directly or indirectly." From this category are omitted the Federal Government, any state or political subdivision thereof, any person subject to the Railway Labor Act as well as labor organizations (e.xcept when acting as an employer) or anyone acting in the capacity of officer or agent of a labor organization. (Sec. 2 (2)) This definition makes the employer responsible for any violations of the Act by his foremen or executives unless he "has adequately brought home to his employees the company's neutral position in organizational matters and it appears that everything reasonably possible has been done to enforce this neutrality."• a. Labor Practices Prohibited by the Act The Act (Sec. 8) declares it to be "an unfair labor practice for an employer: ( 1) To interlcrc with, restrain, or coCl'CC employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Section 1· (2) To dominate or interfere with the formation or administration of any labor organilltion or coo• tribute financial or other support to it: Provided, that subject to rules and regulations made and published by the Board pursuant to section 6(a), °!1 employer shall not be prohibited from p~t· ting employees to confer with him during workiJJg hours without loss of time or pay.Ii (3) By discrimination in regard to hire or tenure of employment or ~y term or condition of emplot ment to encourage or discourage mem~P ~ any labor organization: Provided, that nothin! ': this Act, ... or in any other statute of the Ulll~e States, shall preclude an employer from makinS their interest, is held by the Board to be interference with the right of employees to organize unions for collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. Other specific labor practices prohibited by the Board will be considered in later chapters. c4 ) To discharge or otherwise discriminate against an 5. Arrangements for Effecting Public Policy (s) To refuse to bargain collectively with the representatives of his employees, subject to the provisions of Section g(a)." To ensure that the broad objectives of the Act will be achieved, provision is made for a National Labor Relations Board which is assigned the following major functions: employee because he has filed charges or given testimony under this Act. Many of the terms used in the above statement of unfair labor practices, such as to interfere with, restrain, coerce, dominate, and discriminate against, are quite vague, of a general nature and not defined in the Act. Actually they are the results or consequences of a course of action or of specific acts taken by employers or their agents. It was to be expected, therefore, that the general unfair labor practices.listed in the Act would be supplemented, over a period of years, with specific unfair labor practices laid down by the Board as the result of its application of the provisions of Section 8 to concrete cases and particular situations. b. Acts of Employers Prohibited by the Board Some of the specific acts of management which the Board has declared unfair are: 1 Advice by foremen not to join a union. 2. Malicious remarks about trade-unions uttered on the part of officials having authority to hire and fire. 3. The use of spies to report union activities and membership. . . 4. Direct employer influence over third parties, such as local pol.ice or citizens, to _persu~de workers against having anything to do with umons. 5. Solicitation of employees to return to work when such action is calculated to break the ranks of workers legitimately on strike. 6. Summoning employees to company offices for the purpose of demanding whether they approve of or belong to a union. . 7, Hiring thugs to beat union members. 8. The use of propaganda to influence workers agamst their organization. th t 9, In general, any acts tending to ~use _fe_ar,, a loss of the job will result from UIUon act1V1ty. "1. The above list is not intended to be complete but merely suggestive of the kind of action ~hi~, when engaged in by employers or persons acting m I. 2. 3. To prevent employers or their agents from engaging in "unfair labor practices". To designate the bargaining unit which is to be used as a basis for employee representation in collective bargaining, and To determine the representatives of employees whenever a dispute over representation arises. 6. The National Labor Relations Board The National Labor Relations Board consists of three public members who are appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate. To facilitate the handling of charges of unfair labor practices and representation petitions, the Board maintains 22 regional offices. In his statem~t on signing the Act President Roosevelt pointed out that the Board would serve as an independent "quasi-judicial body" and not "as mediator or conciliator in labor disputes." 7. The Procedure Followed in Handling Unfair Labor Practice Cases The Board becomes an interested party in cases involving unfair labor practices when an employee or a union files a charge with the director of one of the 22 regional offices, claiming that the employer has engaged in one or more of the unfair labor pra;tices prohibited by the Act. The charge must be m 'ting and swom to before a notary public or an r;1ent of the Board. Charges are investigated by field examiners. If the charge has a basis in fact, a settlet of the points at issue is sought through con=ces. If the charge lacks merit it will ~e ~thdrawn by the party making the charge or disaussed b the Regional Director, but an appeal from such a Jsmissal may be made to the National Board. If it ppears that the law bas been violated and the charge ~IS not adJ'usted by agreement, the Regional . . Director li normally issues a complaint. In cases mvo1vmg po cy �THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT matters or unusual questions of law or of fact, he consults with the Board before taking action. If the Board finds that the circumstances warrant a hearing, it advises the Regional Director to issue a complaint and arrange for a hearing. If not, the charge is dismissed. In the event a complaint is issued, the Regional Director designates a time and place for a public hearing which is held before a Trial Examiner designated by the Board. Notice of the hearing is sent to all interested parties. The hearings are open to the public. The respondent is required to file an answer to the complaint within ten days, and this answer should "specifically admit or deny or ex'J)lain each of the facts alleged in the complaint, unless the respondent is without knowledge. . . ."8 If without knowledge, the respondent should state this fact in his complaint, and such a statement has the effect of a denial. If no answer is filed or if any allegation in the complaint is not specifically denied or explained, unless the respondent states in his answer that he is without knowledge, the Board is authorized to deem any or all unanswered allegations "to be admitted to be true." 9 All the parties at the hearing have the right to call witnesses, introduce testimony, cross-examine, and argue. The rules of evidence prevailing in courts of law or equity, however, are not controlling. . When the hearing is concluded, the Trial Exammer prepares his findings and recommendations on the record of the hearing. He may dismiss the case o_rder the employer to "cease and desist" labor prac~ tices that are unfair, or indicate the affirmative action the .employ~r must take to comply with the law. Copies of this report, called the Intermediate Report, are ~ent to the Board in Washington and served . upon the mt t d eres e parties. If the employer complies with the recommendations the case is closed An b • b • y su sequent ~ction y the parties must be taken up with th Board itself. e has th • h Either party . e ng · t to file a statement of exceptions to the Intermediate Report and t an oral argu bf o request m~nt e ore the Board. Should this ha iege~ ~ca(se .l S carefully reviewed by the Boarl s as IS true of all cases formall the Board.) and, on the basis of all the/ handled by uments including the Trial Ex . •, acts and docoral ara, ,ments the B d arnmker s report and the -c~ ' oar ma es a d •. ever the employer fails to 1 . eClS!on. Whenthe Board usually asks th c~~p ~ With that decision, e ircwt Court of Appeals for a restraining order or injunction. The empI . oyer also may request a review of the Board's order . which case the Circuit Court reviews the record ~ the case except the Board's findings as to the fac: which, if supported by evidence, are conclusive [Sec.' 10(e)]. It should be noted, however, that the courts have interpreted the word "evidence" to mean substantial evidence.10 The Circuit Court may dismiss modify, or uphold the decision. If the Court sustai~ the Board's decision it issues an enforcement order which the employer must obey or be guilty of contempt of court. Both the employer and the Board however, may appeal from the circuit courts to th~ Supreme Court. The Act gives the Board power to subpoena witnesses and examine pertinent records and makes persons who refuse to obey subpoenas guilty of contempt of court. Lastly, it subjects any person who willfully interferes with any member of the Board or its agencies in carrying out his duty to a fine of not more than $5, 000 or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. It has not been necessary to enforce this provision of the Act. 8. The Procedure Followed in Handling Representation Cases Before collective bargaining can begin the employees must designate representatives to deal with their employer. In most instances such representation is obtained through the medium of some form of labor organization. Establishing such an organization gives rise to problems which become more complicated when the ranks of the labor movement are split and rival organizations seek to enlarge their member· ship as rapidly as possible in order to improve their competitive position. In representation cases the Board must determine the appropriate unit for collective bargaining and ascertain whether the bargain· ing agency for that unit has a majority representa· tion.11 If the agency represents a majority of the workers in a particular unit, the employer must ac• cept it as the exclusive representative of all the employees in the unit and bargain with it and all em· ployees in the unit must abide by the results. Where competing unions exist, the Board must also determine which of several labor organizations, if any, the majority of the employees want. Disputes of this character are classified as representation cases and should not be confused with complaint cases which THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT . Ive charges of employer violation of the pro• labor practices. • mvo . to unfair . • of the Act relatmg visions Distinction Between a Labor Organization and a Bargaining Unit It is important to note that the Act makes a distinction ben-veen labor organizations and the bar•rung unit. As defined in the Act (Sec. 2 (5)) a gai r organization is « any orgarnzation • • f kind Iabo . o any . , any agency or employee representation comnuttee or •• or plan, in which employees parb~pate and which . exists for the purpose, in whole or m part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disput~, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work." A bargaining unit, on the other hand, comprises those classifications of employ:es that ~re to be included for the purpose of collective bargaming and to be covered by the resulting contra:t. The definition of the bargaining unit may specify the classes of workers to be included or it may list those to be excluded. It may be a craft, plant, company or a sub-division thereof. (Sec. g(b)) It is pertinent to note that the Board has designated a group of professional employees as an appropriate bargaining unit.12 The Board takes the position that any employee organization has complete freedom to define i~ membership qualifications as it sees fit as long as 1t keeps free of employer domination. In other words, ili:e composition of a labor organization, even though it • i'ts mem• includes professional workers and foremen m bership, is of no concern to the Board unless t!1e organization is employer dominated. Employer initiated or dominated unions are illegal under the Act, and therefore have no standing before the Board. ' ' The bargaining unit and the membership of a labor organization need not be coextensive and fre• • need not quently are not. A:n employee orgaruzation bargain for its entire membership. Indeed it may b~gain for employees entirely outside of its membership, As a matter of fact collective bargaining for a par• ' ticular group of employees may be done by an out· side individual a small committee, a union, or some ' • • that other association. All that the Act reqwres 15 the representative or representatives be of the ployees' own choosing and be free of employer douu• nation. en:· Determining the Bargaining Unit Section g(b) of the Act states that: "The Board shall decide in each case whether, in order to insure to employees the full benefit of their right to self-organization and to collective bargaining, and otherwise to effectuate the police, of this Act, the unit appropriate for the pwposcs of collective bargaining shall be the employer unit, craft unit, plant unit or subdivision thereof. Determination of the appropriate bargaining unit becomes necessary when the Board is asked to certify the representatives of employees inasmuch as such certification must be made in terms of a bargaining unit. The appropriate bargaining unit must also be agreed upon or determined by the Board in cases involving charges that an employer has refused to bargain collectively with the representatives of bis employees. Such complaints are sustained only where the representatives have been designated by employees in a unit appropriate for bargaining purposes. As the statute indicates the appropriate unit may be "the employer unit, craft unit, plant unit or subdivision thereof". Under this authorization the Board holds that "it must decide whether the appropriate unit in the case in question is industrial, including practically all the employees of a plant; senti-indui:trial including a majority of the employees; mult:1craf; including several groups of skilled workers; craft: including one group of skilled workers; or other group including only part ~f ~e employees. It must also decide whether the urut mcludes only one plant of one employer, several or all of the plants of a company, or a group of establishments of separate .. ,, 18 and independent comparues • Confilcting claims as well as overlapping jurisof years some• clicbons which go back over a period f b • • 't times make the determination o a argammg um a difficult task. The Board has been un~g _to l~y down a set of rules for resolving issues arismg m disthis character It takes the position that its putes o£ • , ch th der the Act is to decide ' ea case on e duty un ·ts basis of all the facts and circumstances" ~d pom out that this position is made necessary_ by 'the complexity of modem industry, transportati~, and com. n·on, and the numerous and diverse forms muruca h as hich self-organization among employees ~ ,, u While it has been unwilling to establish r i ; r:i1es, it has set up a number of criteria which it �--- THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT •de in the making of a decision. These uses as a gw .lG criteria as stated by the Board are. r. The history, extent and type of organization of employees, . . . The history of their collective bargammg,. . 2• 3. The history, extent and type of organization of employees in other plants of the same employer, or other employers in the same industry, 4. The skill, wages, work, and working conditions of the employees, 5 . The desires of the employees, 6. The eligibility of the employees for membership in the union or unions involved. 7. The relationship between the unit or units proposed and the employer's organization, management, and operation, and 8. Whether an association of separate employers is in existence exercising employer functions, and having a history of collective bargaining on a multiple-employer basis. No precise weight is given to any of the above criteria. In applying the above standards the Board seeks to bring together in a single unit those employees who have a community of interest which is likely to further harmonious organization and facilitate the aims of collective bargaining. Cases requiring the determination of an appropriate bargaining unit fall into two categories: those in which all parties agree upon the scope and composition of the unit and those in which conflicting or overlapping units are favored by one or more of the parties to the dispute. Where the parties "agree upon the scope and comP.osition of the unit, or a requested unit meets with no objection, the Board generally finds the agreed or requested unit to be appropriate". Objective standards of the kind listed above, however, "must be satisfied, otherwise the Board will not accept as appropriate the agreed or requested unit. ~ut the fact that there is no dispute usually is indica~ve 0 ~ the propriety of the unit."10 In those cases m which there is only one organization involved and the organization has been designated by approxim~tely 30 per cent of the employees in the bargaining !!111t, the Board usually will hold an election and, gener~y finds appropriate a unit of a breadth clearly m accordance with the desires of l and th • . emp oyees, . ~ll' c~~uruty of interest and extent of orgaruzation, if lt is justified by the form of . tion of the business . . . and Permitted byo~;n~:~~ Thus when the only labor organizatio . af basis, craft units are d' . n IS on a er t are industrial units w:e::\!~~;g:r.;oti~ria~e,.as dustrial".17 a on 1s m- Where overlapping organizations are requested by rival unions, the Board attaches "great weight to the relative homogeneity of the units sought and the bargaining history in the plant or industry. Unless counterbalanced by other elements, bargaining history is often a controlling factor" provided a contract, which contains fixed terms and substantive provisions and is applicable to all employees in the bargaining unit, has been negotiated.18 In those situations in which considerations fa. voring a craft unit and those favoring a more comprehensive unit are of substantially equal weight, the Board frequently applies the Globe doctrine-so named because the principle was first enunciated in the case of the Globe Machine & Stamping Company and the Metal Polishers U nion, Local No. 3, etc. The employees are permitted in a secret election to specify whether they want a separate craft unit or desire to be included with other employees in a larger bargaining unit. Usually if a majority of a given craft or related crafts vote for a craft unit, the Board rules that the craft shall be the bargaining unit, and if the majority vote for the larger bargaining unit, the Board denies separate representation. The wishes of the employees, however, are not always determinative because "the Board makes its findings of the ap• propriate unit upon the entire record, including the desires of the employees as reflected by the election results".19 As a rule, clerical and professional employees are not included in the same bargaining unit with production and maintenance employees in those instances in which objections are raised to such an arrangement. The Board, moreover, has definitely shown a willingness to exclude both professional employees and related technical employees, such as draftsmen, checkers, detailers, tracers and research assistants of various kinds from bargaining units of clerical and office workers. Professional and technical employees jointly have been excluded from heterogeneous bargaining units in well over a dozen cases. The Board has also shown a disposition to recognize "the appr<: priateness of units of professional employees". It 15 advisable, therefore, for professional employees who desire a separate bargaining unit to inform the Board of their wishes as soon as possible after the represen· tation issue arises. The rights of supervisory employees under. the Act have been subject to conflicting interpretaoons • 1·t bas on the part of the Board. In recent decisions THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT that foremen are employees within the . declared ·ng of the Act and as such have the nght to be meam . b . . . d . . d in an appropnate argammg urut an to 30m 1 P aceuxiliary of and be represented in collective baran a . . dmi . ttmg t_o mem• ·ng by a labor orgaruzation a ~::hip the rank and file employees working in the same establishment. 20 The Determination of Employee Representatives A number of situations make it necessary for the Board to ascertain the representatives of employees in a given bargaining unit. Such action is taken: J. 2. When the employer refuses to recognize a union as the c.xclusivc representative for any reason but for the most part because (a) he has a doubt as to whether the representatives speak for ~e majority of the qualified employees, (b) he dis• approves of the proposed bargaining unit, ~r ~c) he desires to obtain formal B_o~d de!enrunati?n of the composition of the bargammg urut or official . . certification of the bargaining ag?3~Y• When rival unions present conflicting claims '?th respect to the right to act as the representatives of the employees or because of a disagrceme~t as to the classifications of employees that constitute an appropriate bargaining unit. With respect to disputes of this n~ture ~e Board is required to investigate the issue or ISsues m~olved, determine the choice of employee representatives by secret ballot or by other suitable means, and to c~tify the exclusive representative should one be designated by a majority of the employees voting. (See 9(c)) . . beAny person or labor organization acting on . half of employees may petition the Board for an. mvestigation of a claim to majority representation. Where two or more unions each claim to represent the same group of workers, the employer also may ask for an investigation and a determination of the issue. . d A petition must be filed with the Regional Boar in the area in which the dispute has arisen, A preliminary investigation is conducted by a Field ~ iner who ascertains ( 1) whether the employer 1;> su:; ject to the Wagner Act, (2) whether a quesoo~ representation exists and, if so, (3) the appropnateness of the proposed bargaining unit. When the facts disclose that the case has no merit or the Board has no jurisdiction the petition is either withdrawn by the filer or disxcissed by the Regional Director. If tbe petition is dismissed, the filer may appeal to the Na- tional Labor Relations Board for a review of the action. Should the investigation, however, develop that the petition has merit, an attempt is made to secure an informal adjustment. Several procedures have been developed for this purpose. Informal Arrangements. In those cases in which the interested parties agree to abide by the results of a check of the signatures on applications for union membership or other union records against the names on the payroll furnished by the company, the process of determination is known as a cross-check settlement. This procedure can only be used where an agreement has been obtained both as to the composition of the bargaining unit and the date to be used to ascretain who is eligible to vote as disclosed by reference to the company payroll. When the final disposition of the case is made by an agent of the Regional Office, it is called a consent cross-check settlement and when, at the insistence of either party, it is made by the National Board, it is referred to as a stipulated crosscheck settlement. Sometimes the interested parties agree upon both an appropriate bargaining unit and the payroll date to be used as the basis of eligibility but one of the parties is unwilling to have th_e issue determined by a cross-check. In such instances the Board's agent will usually recommend an election. If the parties voluntarily accept this procedure and agree to do so in writing, an election is conducted by a represen.tative of the Board. When the agreed-upon election erves as the basis of an informal report by the Re~onal Director and the parties auth?rize _him to make th final determination of the questions involved, the pr:cedure is called a consent election. On the other h d when the agreed-upon election becomes the banis 'of a formal decision by the Board itself and the :al determination of the issue is left to the Board, the procedure is known as a stipulated election. Of the 31,222 representation cas~ handled by th Board in the first 9 years of operaoon, about 70 e: cent were settled by informal arrangements. Of ~e cases closed in the informal stages, I I per cent were adjusted by consent cross-checks? 48 per cent by consent elections, four per cent by stipulated cro:checks and elections, and 37 per cent as the res t of WI'thdrawals or dismissals. The bulk of . the repre.,: petitions which were not withdrawn or sentauon . !l1 di missed were settled by elections. s Ordered Elections. Sometimes the ~oard's agent cannot get acceptance of any of the informal ar- �THE NATIONAL LABOR REL ATIONS ACT 20 since 1938. The second important trend is the marked increase in representation cases which means that there is a growing tendency to use elections instead of strikes to secure union recognition and the right to bargain. 10. Act Declared Constitutional On April 12, 1937 the Supreme Court of the United States in a decision involving five separate cases sustained the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Act. The majority of the Court held that the Act may be construed "so as to operate within the sphere of constitutional authority", that "the right to organize and select their representatives for lawful purposes" was a fundamental right, and that "discrimination and coercion to prevent the free exercise of the right of employees to self-organization and representation is a proper subject for condemnation by competent legislative authority".2~ 1 Vol 79, Congressional Record No. 102, pp. 7952, 7960. Qu~tcd by Feller and Hurwitz: How to Deal with Organized Labor, p. 199. Alexander Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1937. 2 The de~tion_s of "commerce" Md "affecting commerce" co~~ed m the Act may help to clarify the meaning of 'intcntate commerce". Sec. 2 (6) The term "commerce" means trad traffi commerce, transportation, or communication O::ong ;~ several S~tC$, or bctwe~ the District of Columbia or anu!' Terr1t~ry of the United State$ and any State or o er Terntory,. or between any foreign country and ~y .State, T':""tory, or the District of Colu b. within the District of Columbia or any T ~ ia, or between points in the umc State but ~ or other Sftate_or any Territory or the District of C~um~! or any oreign country. o-:;, Sec. 11 ( 7) The term "affecting commerce" m=s • cothmmercc, or burdening or obstructing co m h • mmcrcc or c free flow of commerce to lead to a labor disput; '::urda~g led or teod!ng cnmg or obstructmg commciec or the free Bo Of F di • w commerce 3 or a scuss1on of the chan in • • merce ,cc Fcllcr and Hu~vig concep_t of mtcrstatc com• 0 4 Ninth Annual Report o{ the ~ 1?· ~ -• pp. 204 to 2 19. Board, Fiscal Year ended J • alion Labor Relations ment Printing Office, was:~e so, 1944, U. S. Govcm5 Section 6(a) gives the Board a ~n,. D. C., 1944, p. 37. and ?C$cind rules and rcgu]atiu onty to make, amend, l?e provisions of the Act. ons necessary to carry out o Section 9 (a) scta forth the conditi representatives of cmplo ·ecs in ons und~ which the ing unit shall become th~ c cl _an appropnate bargain. employees in such unit fox us.vc representatives o{ all gaining. r purposes of collective bar- 7 Quoted from What Workers and Employers Should K .A.bout the National Labor Relations .A.ct by Ed •now Smith, a former member of the Board. Repnnt1f S. Labor Information Bulletin, Bureau of Labor St • ~Ill U. S. Department of Labor, June 1937 (Revise~tlsJt:ics, une 1939) . 8 National Labor Relations Board: Rules and R ecul ( Series 4, Effective September 11, 1946. u. s Ga ion.s, . . Offi W . • ovenimcnt P rmtmg cc, ashington, 1946 p. 4 OJbid. ' • 10 For the standards of judicial review of Board Findio enunciated by ~c Supreme Court, sec Medo 0: Supply Corpor:iuon v. NLRB 645 c.t. 30, :ind cases referred to thcrcm. See also Ninth Annual Report of th NLRB, Fiscal Year Ended J une 30 1944 pp 5 , 52c 11 Dr. William M. Lciserson has pointel out that ,;if a're~ rcsentative is to be chosen, he must have an elcct.io district which is his constituency. But the law docsn~ establish election districts. Therefore the Board must define the district in every case, and 'that is called the barg:i.ining unit." 12 It h~ permitted professional employees to express their desires for a separate bargaining unit or for a more comprehensive unit including also technical :ind sometimes . non-technical employees in cases involving the Alummum Company of America, the General Electric Co~pany, the _Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, the Radio Corporation of America, the Shell Development Company and the Standard Oil Company of Indiana. It should not be assumed, however that ccrti.6t:ition will be based solely on the d ~ of professional employees. See the discussion of bargaining units in Chapter VI, pp. 47 to 50. 18 Seventh Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board, Fisc:u Year Ended June 30, 1942, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1943, p. 59. H Ibid., p . 59. li> Eighth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations lloard, 1943 (Fiscal Year), U. S. Government Print_ing Office, Washington, D. C., 1944, p. 53. 16 Ninth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board, 1944, fiscal year, p. 33. 17 Seventh Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board, 1942, fiscal year, p. 60. 18 Ninth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations _Board, 1944, fiscal year, p. 3410 Nmth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board, 1944, fiscal year, p. 34. 2 For discussion of the status of supervisory employee$ see Chapter III, pp. 27 to 28 inclusive and footnote 4· 21 Ninth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations lloard, Fis~ -year Ended June go, 1944, U. S. Gov• crnment Prmtlllg Office, Washington, D. C., p. 11. 22 Ninth Annual Report of the National L abor Relations Board, Fiscal Year Ended J une 30 1944, U. S. Gov• emmcnt Printing Office, Washin~n, D. C., 1944, P· 28. 23 Series 4 (49 Stat. 449), Effective September 11, 1946, PP· 23 to 25. u Annual reports of the National Labor Relations Board, especially those for 1942 (p. 58) and 1944 (p. 32)°. ~ Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Case. The other cases were the Washington, Virginia and Maryland Couch Company Case, the Fruehauf Trailer CoinpanY C:ue, the Associated Press Case and Fricdrnan-liarrY Marks Clothing Company Case. ' l: ° Chapter II WHAT THE PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES HAVE DONE AND ARE DOING }>RoFESSIONAL soCJETIES have a primary interest not only in advancing ~ e the.o ry and practice of ~e sciences or arts in which their members have acqwred a special competence but in maintaining a high professional standing among their members. Any legislation which might affect the status of professional employees becomes of necessity a matter of real concern to these societies. That concern was augmented ( 1) by a persistent effort to bring architects, chemists, engineers, and other professional employees into heterogeneous labor organizations comprising both professional and non-professional employees and ( 2) by the request of members for guidance in dealing with the situation. Confronted with a problem which fell outside the scope of their normal fields of activity, a number of societies appointed committees to study the issues involved, and, in some instances, to formulate programs which would help their members to obtain the type of employee-employer relations they desire. A brief summary of the activities of these societies is an inherent part of any discussion of collective bargaining for professional employees and should be read by those who desire an understanding of the problems confronting societies which desire to give assistance and guidance to their members. THE ACTIVITIES OF SOCIETIES A ssoCIATED WITH ENGINEERS J OINT CouNCU.. Five professional societies are represented in En· gine~rs Joint Council. Through their presidents, im· mediate past presidents, and their secretaries, they are studying common problems confronting their societies an~ exploring ways and means of coordinating their society activities. An examination of the action taken by ~ch of these societies with respect to labor organi· zations and collective bargaining for professional em· ployees follows: 1 The American Society of Civil Engineers .As early as 1937 the American Society of Civil Engineers appointed a Committee on Unionization. After a preliminary survey the Committee recommended ( 1) that the Society refrain from seeking to amend the National Labor Relations Act for the purpose of excluding professional employees, (2) that it attempt to secure an amendment, if necessary, which would clarify the position of professional and subprofessional men under the Act, (3) that it stand ready to cooperate with other Founder Societies, or with state and national professional societies, in the establishment of temporary or permanent agencies to represent engineers in collective action in a dignified, professional manner whenever necessary, and (4) that, to minimize the need for collective action by engineers as well as to assist its members in establishing and maintaining adequate and reasonable uniform compensation for the several grades of engineering employment, the Society should adopt a schedule of grades and minimum compensation. The increasing interest in collective bargaining for professional employees, as reflected by the growth of unionization among engineers and the number of disputes involving professional employees submi~ed to the National Labor Relations Board for deterIDJJ)a• tion Jed the Society in October 1941 to change ~e n~e of the Committee on Unionization to ~ommittee on Employment Conditions and broaden its ftmctions. I t also appointed a full-time staff member ~o . t the new Committee in its work. The CoIXUJllt~lS . tee carried on its investigations, including a nationwide survey of collective bargaining among p~ofessional employees2, and placed itself at the service of its employee and employer members .on. all_matters relating to employment conditions, uruoruzation, .and collective bargaining. In July 1943, the Colll.lXlltteed cd e.'<isting Jaws an blished a report wbich an al'fZ • pu . -'--A . tant decisions and rulings of Fedsunun= unpor di • d eral agencies relating to employment con tions an . • s collective bargairung. As a result of its study of the legal aspects off ctholth findings of its survey o e . . Jective bargairung, _e lo ees with labor ore>-"J>erience of profesS1o?al emp .y. and the diffiganizations and collective bargauung, �---- PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' ACTIONS PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' ACTIONS culties which some of its members encountered in securing sepai;ate bargaining units in certain of the early cases coming before the N.L.R.B., the Committee in October, 1943 recommended that the Society institute bargaining facilities for civil engineers. In order to accomplish this function, the Committee recommended the adoption of the following three-phase program as necessary in order to implement that objective; ( 1} that the constitutions of the Local Sections of the Society be amended to establish bargaining groups within the geographical limits of each Local Section area, (2) that assistance be given these groups by the employment of four field representatives, one to be operative in each of the four Zones, and (3) that an adequate definition of professionallyminded employees be adopted as the basis for the collective bargaining groups proposed. , Experience under the plan, which had been adopted by the A.S.C.E. Board of Direction on October II, 1941, led to certain interpretations of the original amendments to the constitution of Local Sections. The recommended procedure now is for the Local Section's Board of Directors to appoint an "Interim Committee on Employment Conditions" composed of employee members of the Section. This Committee assists in the formation of a "group of pro_fes.sional engineering employees"-a voluntary ass0C1ation not only of employee members of the American ~ociety of Civil Engineers, but of similar members m other branches of the engineering profession who_ reside or work in the area in which the Local ~ection has jurisdiction. Membership in the "group" ~ not confined to engineers who are employees of a smgle employer. The Interim Committee on Emplo . ment Conditi • authonzed • Y . ons is to prepare a roster of professional engineering employees Ii "bl f ,, e gi e or membershi in th " f IiP_bl e group ' to collect dues, call a meeting ; e gi e persons and designate a Chairman and . ecretary, who are to serve at the organizati mg of the "group" Th 1 . . on meetI ..• e ntenm Committee on Em~ oyment Conditions appointed by the L l S tion's Board of D.irectors ceases t f • oca ec0 as the "group" 1 ts . unction as soon e ec its own "Co • ment Conditions" f . IlllIUttee on Employ. rom among its members. . Working through its own dmin" the Committee on Empl a istrative body, oyment C di· independent of the A.S.C.E Lon tions,_ entirely "group" assists in the f : ocal Section, the . ormation of "units" pnate for the purpose of collective bar . . app:oare composed of prof • al . gaming which ess1on engmeers "who have been accredited by their fellows as membe professionally-minded homogeneous group". ~ _of a " " w1·11 " act as a body ofismen expectedthth~t thethgroup sympa etlc to e preservation of their profess·1onal . status through collective bargaining procedur b "U"" • • •• esy ruts • 1 . .constituting a maJonty of those profess1ona engmeenng employees employed by a specific player".4 em. The recommendations of the A.S.C.E. Committee on Employment Conditions have been favorabl rece~ved by the membership of many of the Loc:i Sectlons. By April 1944, about 87 per cent of th members in 27 Local Sections had voted in favor 0~ them. In the fall of that year, the A.S.C.E. Board of Direction concluded that the Local Sections could appoint an "Interim Committee on Employment Conditions" to assist in the formation of a "group of professional engineering employees" without amending the Constitution of the l:ocal Section.5 As of February 1945, 30 of 64 Local Sections had amended their constitutions in accordance with the Committee's recommendations and two other Local Sections had set up "Interim Committees on Employment Conditions" without modification of their constitutions. In a statement to a Subcommittee of the House Labor Committee on July 19, 1946, the Society proposed three specific points of fundamental importance to professional engineers for consideration in drafting new labor laws: o " ( 1) any group of professional employees, having a community of interest and who wish to bargain collectively, should be guaranteed the right to form and administer their own bargaining unit and be permitted free choice of their representatives to negotiate with their employer, ( 2} no professional employees, or group of employees, desiring to undertake collective bargaining with an employer, should be forced to affiliate with, or become members of, any bargaining group which includes non-professional employees, or to submit to representation by such a group or its designated agents, and (3) no professional employee should be f?rccd, against his desires, to join any labor organiza• ti?n as a condition of his employment or to sacrifice his right to individual, personal relations with his eIIl" ployer in matters of employment conditions." . Recognizing that existing labor laws as adtoinistered are not in accord with the foregoing three fundamental principles, it is the policy of the Axneri· can Society of Civil Engineers to exert every effort modification of existing labor laws and their towar• d· tration to the end th at the foregomg • pnn• ad nunis d • • di . ciples shall prevail. fAthlso Sun _er ~x.1stin~ con ti.ans th .:pressed policy o e ociety 1s to give a11 prac. e ; assistance to its members in the field of colucative bargaining • •msof ar as funds, staff • fac1"lities, • 1ec ·11 • . . and legal limitations w1. pemut.. . The American Society of ClVll Engineers is parti 'patina in and supporting the work of the Com<:1ttee 0~ the Economic Status of the Engineer of :gineers Joint Council. ~his Committee, am~ng other activities, is engaged in a study of collective bargaining and th e formulation of a policy on labor law and labor legislation for the guidance of the Council and the cooperating societies. A major objective of the Commit tee is the development of a common approach to the problems of collective bargaining for professional employees to which all par• ticipating societies will want to subscribe. The American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers The following statement has been submitted by the Secretary of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers: "The American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers has taken the position that as an organiza• tion it cannot properly instigate, promote, or sponsor the establishment of collective bargaining groups or units, if, for no other reason, simply because a substantial proportion of its members are either employers themselves or are definitely part of 'management'• It does not regard membership in a union by a _Professional engineer as being in any sense reprehensible; and believes that participation by an engineer-~ployee in organized collective bargaining should be decided_ by th~ individual employee on the basis of his own situation at a particular time and place. "Through its magazine 'Mining and Metallurgy' it h:u published a great deal of factual information regarding collective bargaining; and the views on th_e subject-pro and con-of dozens of its members. It is an active participant in, and ~upporter of, the wor~ of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer of Engineers Joint Council". The_American Society of Mechanical Engineers In t930 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers began the first of a number of factual s~dies dealing with the economic status of the en· ~eer. During the period 1937 to 1940, unioniza· tion and the problems of collective bargaining, to the extent that they dealt with professional employees, were made matters of intensive study and reported in Mechanical Engineering, the journal of the Society.7 The Society, which played an important role in the formation of the Committee on the Economic Status of ili,e Engineer, is actively participating in and supporting the work of that Committee. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers . The impact of unionization and collective bargaining on professional engineers led the Board of Directors of the Institute to authorize the appointment of a Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters on January 27, 1944. This Committee made a careful study of the National Labor Relations Act insofar as it affected professional employees as well as the factors, conditions, and issues involved, and recommended that the Institute adopt the following tentative policies and procedures: 8 Prepare a manual for members representing the essential facts about the American Labor Movement and the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) and setting forth ( 1) what the Institute may and may not do and (2) the counes of action that arc open to its mcmben. 2. Seek the establishment of a joint committee composed of representatives of the various ~gineering societies which would serve as a cleanng ~ter for these associatiom and, in those cases tn which two or more societies desire and have the right to intervene a, a friend of the court on behalf of their mcmben, make arrangements for a com• mon counsel.* * -The committee has been informed tha.t the ~titute generally will have little opparturu.ty to mt~vene as a friend of the court m labor cases mvolving enginccn. It believes, howev~, that such be both possible and desirable under . action may . . ·u would rt . circumstances. A JOmt colDIDI cc . :a~: each society to join with oth:r engmeering societies, to act alone, or !o reiramdfro'1;1 an: action depending upon the JSSUCS an cucum • stances in a given case. blish a continuing committee on collective S· Esta . . d related matters in order that the bargauung an be kept informed about new develJnstitute may . • n.ization and collective opmcnts concerning WllO bargaining. tab)ishing collective-bargaining hich arc directly or in. Refrain from ~ 4 agencies for ~n~ee~thwthe Institute or its Secdirectly assot1ate .~ in any way in the actual tions, ~d from~:=tion of a labor organizaformation or a tion for engineers, • 1. endations were tentatively • te The above recorom d f Direetors of the I nstitu approved by the Boar ~ further consideration by on May !Z9, 1945, penh g The report including its b rship as a w o1e. ' • ::=n~ations, was forwarded to the Committee �PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' ACTIONS PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' ACTIONS on the Economic Status of the Engineer f~r its examination and comments. Without attemptm~ to p3:s judgment on its findings or recommendations ~ Committee recommended that the A.I.E.E. tenta~ve report be published promptly in the ~on~ly pu~li~ations of the various professional engmeenng societles in order that comments and criticisms from engineers in the various branches of the profession would be made available. The Institute also is participating and supporting all other activities of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer of Engineers Joint Council. The American Institute of Chemical Engi.neers The American Institute of Chemical Engineers has not announced an official organization policy pertaining to collective bargaining for its members. That it. has an interest in these matters is indicated by its participation in and support of the work of the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer of Engineers Joint Council. THE ACTIVITIES OF OTHER SOCIETIES There are a number of other societies which have taken a keen interest in collective bargaining for professional employees and the rights of these employees under the National Labor Relations Act. Their activities are briefly summarized below: The American Association of Engineers The American Association of Engineers has actively opposed unionization of professional engineers since _its inception. In the period 1915-1919, when technical employees of the railroads were being absor_bed in the Chicago Local ( # 14) of the draftsmen's umon of the American Federation of Labor "the Ame~c~ ~ociation of Engineers counter-org~nized, formmg railway sections' all over the nation which were virtually chapters of the Association, and represented these groups before the U. S. Rail W Board." · way age The Association has refused to convert itself into . of a "labor organization, capable within the meaning the Act (NLRA)' of representing orgaruz·ed engm · • ll"b .. eers . d . m co ective argammg". Instead it "o . rgaruze m 1937 a National Mediation Co"'-:ttee hi h ··all" ......,.. we was ongm Y intended to do these things":& To review the work of the National L b R 1 . a or c at.ions Board in reconnaissance reports, !o assist members involved in representation proceed. mgs. To advise members as to how they may attempt to p serve their autonomy with respect to collective barga: ing. To assist members who form their own organizations to draw up contracts. To serve as mediators in disputes involving members of the Association. To suggest arbitrators when requested to do so. In 1944 the Association published T echnologists' Stake in the Wagner Act.10 This volume examines the impact of the National Labor Relations Act on scientific and engineering employees and summarizes the findings of the National M ediation Committee which for seven years had made a careful study of the decisions of the National Labor Relations Board relating to the status of professional employees. In December 1944 the National M ediation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors of the Association that it sponsor an attempt to secure an amendment of the National Labor Relations Act which would ( 1) authorize a federal agency to classify all positions in the field of technology and related mechanical arts, trades, and crafts, ( 2) require the National Labor Relations Board to accept this classification as the standard to be used in distinguishing between professional and non-professional employees, and (3) to make it compulsory for the Board, in determining an appropriate bargaining unit, to permit professional employees "to waive or exercise rights of self-organization and designation of representatives, in fully autonomous units, restricted to and con· trolled by technologists". The Association approved the recommendations and circulated a petition for the signature of persons in the professions having an interest in the matter. The petition urged the Senate Committee on Education and Labor ( 1) to recommend to the Senate the inclusion of the above recommendations as amend· ments to the Ball, Burton, Hatch Bill (S-1171) or (2) to propose such an amendment to the National Labor Relations Act should Congress reject the Ball, Burton, Hatch Bill. The National Society of Professional Engineers11 Because "the Society is 'compose~ of employers and employees alike, the legal qualification as P;0 • fessional engineering being the basis upon which membership is predicated, it cannot act as a Collec- •nmg Agency. Nor does it aspire to such ticular attention has been directed, howtive B3!ga1p 1 ar • ansmg • • from role a • d the unwholesome condition evei:, tow.ar ployees being required to join labor eng.1J1eer em . l . d . hi h contained many d1verg~t e ements an unions w de quately represent the professional viewdid not a e • t" poin • 1 the Society "favored an amendment to . In • 937,I Labor R elations Act which .would exthe Nationa sion al employees from the reqwrement to clude profes . al . . t d by any non-profession orgaruzation . . ,, be represen e . for collective bargrurung. to a SubcomDllttee of the House statement I a • ty sai•d "that L b rnCommittee in July 1946' the Socie that 'No emrineering employee or group . aboli it e eves . o . . b • of employees should be reqwred to ~at; or e mcluded in a bargaining unit whose pn~c1pa~ x:epre• sentation is composed of other workers with divergent interests and background.' " 'Any group of engineering employees s~o:11d have full freedom to form their own bargamlllg agency; should have complete and total contro~ ove~ •its poIicies • and actions., and should have choice • ti o their own representatives in whatever negotia ons • empIoyer.'" they desire with therr The policy of the Society is "to report, anal_yze, and recommend as changes in existing labor leg_islation are proposed. The objective of this effort 15 to • • I engmeer • the right to adto the profess1ona msure vance his status through an agency. of his own choosing." The American Chemical Society13 • • for Although the matter of collective bargauung • professional employees had been given close atten. tion by the American Chemical Society for som~ tune, • until no official action was taken by the Society . Sep• th B d of Drrectors tember 1941. At that -time e oar d announced ( 1) that the Society would take no stan against collective bargaining for professional ployees provided "such bargaining is not contro e_ by non-professional groups" and "the bargaining uruthtt • composed exclusively of profess1ona • l men,,, (2) . a 15 •it was "unalterably opposed to the forci"ble inclUSion . d of professional men in bargaining units do~ate) and controlled by non-professional employees ' ~3 th at it was "opposed to affiliation with any orgaruz~tion that conditions promotion primarily on the basis • . • • any labor 0f , senionty' or that insists that they JOlll d ' • • " an 0 rgan.iza,tion where they would be in a :minority ' r~ 25 (4) that it would "bend every effort to maintain for all its members the 'right to work' and the 'right to employment and promotion' on the basis of worth and merit". Shortly thereafter, the Board had an opportunity to apply its statement of principle. In the laboratory of the Shell Development Company at Emeryville, California, organizers of the Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians, CIO, set out to include professional employees in their organization, in which the non-professional workers outnumbered the professional employees. The latter vigorously protested, and with the help of a competent legal counsel provided by the American Chemical Society, were able to secure a bargaining uni~ of professional employees for the purpose of elections and eventually to prevent their inclusion in a ~eterogene. . ous bargaining unit.14 The Society has consistently taken the positi~n that inasmuch as its membership includes both mdividuals and corporations and the individual m~bership comprises employers as well as emplo~ees, it as its local sections are barred from acting for as well • f its employee members as a representative or p~of collective bargaining. It has adopte~ d ~poses ,, "ch "cal mteme' emi ' tions of "professional employee ' "t chnician" and has published a report on d an e !. . al Employees".IG "Collective Bargauung for Profession The American Institute of Chemists . The American Institute of Chemists, an o~. d "th the "business problems, public zatton concerne__wi "bili"ties" of chemists, has d civic respons1 d • re1anons an . d m· the professional an tim been mtereste e th ch • t It has recently pubfor some • tatus of e enns • econoIIllC s el ti nship between employer lished a report on. th~ r la o is The Institute has . d thelf emp oyees. cherrusts . to cer.....,. •~:" developments per. an ·aeration also given consi . . , for professional emtaining to collecttve bargammgul ted an official statet has not form a ployees but as y~ . this aspect of employee-emroent of its pOSition on the Institute has given . ti ns However, ployer rela o •. th licensure of chemists. much consideration to e EcoN0MIC STATUS COMMITTEE ON THB 11 OF THE ENGINEER . . entatives of the Aroencan Early in 1944_rep: . eers and the American Society of Mech~cal En~ eers began to e>.'Jllore Institute of Electrical ~ the economic welfare means of prorootillg ways and �PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES' ACTIONS of professional engineers, Later, r~presen:8-?ves ?f the American Society of Civil Engmeers Joined Ill these discussions. As a result of these meetings, there was established a joint Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer, whose function it was to make studies and to conduct surveys when deemed necessary. Somewhat later, the American Institute of Mining and Metallurigcal Engineers and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers joined the Committee. More recently representatives of the National Society of Professional Engineers have also joined in the work of this Committee. This joint Committee is now a comittee of Engineers Joint Council. The Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer, at present, has three survey committees. The Committee for Survey of Practice Regarding Engineering Graduates is engaged in ascertaining, from a representative group of industrial employers, their "policies and attitudes pertaining to the selection, training, placement, advancement, guidance and professional activities of graduate engineering employees". A Committee on Survey of the Engineering Profession has undertaken "to obtain directly, through a questionnaire to about 100,000 member engineers, specific facts which reflect the economic status of engineers". I ts survey will obtain factual information ".covering educational levels, years engaged in practice, branch of engineering, field of specialization annual income and similar information". A Commit: tee on Collective Bargaining by Engineers in Professional Work is studying "the problem of collective barg~g as it affects, or may affect, engineers in professional work and in training for professional work". Th: functions assigned to the Committee on the Economic Status .of the Engm·eer "are solely mves • tt·• . . gatlona1 and advisory, and any action that might be taken by any of the cooperating societies as a result of the studies made by the Com.mitt • ' ee, lS a matter to b d ·d d e ec1 e upon eventually by the Boards f n· t fth. di. o .ireccors o · e m vidual societies"• Working through its Ommlttee on Collective Bargainin b E . . . Professional Work, the Com.mitt g yth ngmeers m J• ee, at e request of E · n~eers omt Council, has prepared and submitted a policy for the guidance of the member soci ti . .elation. ~m matters pertaining to labor laws and labor Iegis 1 Source&: -"Collective Bargaining-A Hi t • . Engineering, July 1944, s oncal RcVIcw", Civil -Boughton, V. T.: "Where W S d c tan on Collective Bargaining . for Engineers", Engineering News-Record, Feb. 8, 1945. - "Activities of the Committee on Employment ditions, 1937 to the Present", Civil Eng'g., Feb. 19: · -"Engineers Protest Affiliation with Sub-Profession' • als", Civil Engineering, July 1943. - "Collective Bargaining for Professional Engineers" Civil Engineering, Nov, 1943. ' -"Supplementary Recommenda tions Issued by Committee on Employment Conditions", Civil Engineering, May 1944. - "Collective Bargaining Setup Modified by A.S.C.E Board," Engineering News-Record, Oct. 19 1944, • 2 The findings of this survey were published unde; the title Self-Protective Groups of Engineering Employees, July 1942. 8 Tl,e Engineer and Collective Bargaining, J uly 1943. 4 "Supplementary Recommendations Issued by the Comm.ittce on Employment Conditions", Civil Engineering, May 1944, pp. 214-217. 5 "Collective Bargaining Setup Modified by A.S.C.E. Board", Engineering News-Record, Oct. 19, 1944. O "Society Asks Freedom for Professional Men in Collective Bargaining Process", Civil Engineering, August 1946. 7 Herron, James H.: "Unionization of Engineers", M echanical Engineering, Nov. 1939, pp. 788-789, 822; and discussion, M echanical Engineering (1940) pp. 67-72, 155-160, 243-246, 328-331, 411-412, 478-481, 562-565, 827-828; also 19,p, pp. 475-476. 8 See tentative "Report of the Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters", American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Electrical Engineering, July· 1945. From statement prepared for the Committee by M. E. Mclvcr, National Secretary of A.A.E. Sec also Professional Engineer, April 1934, pp. 9-12 and 12-18. lO Prepared by M. E. Mciver, H. A. Wagner, and M. P. McGirr. 11 Based on a statement of the Society's policy supplied by Paul H. Robbins, Executive Director. 12 The American Engineer, the official publication of the National Society of Professional Engineers, March 1944. 13 Sources: -Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees, Report of the American Chemical Society, January 15, 1944. -"Employer-Employee Relationships for Professional Chemists as Recommended by the American Chem• ical Society", News Edition, Sept. 19,p, pp. 10141015. -In the Matter of Shell Development Company, R-3245, January 13, 1942. 38 NLRB 192 and NLRB 1196. Also R-4791, February 13, 1943, 47 NLRB 507. -Wagner, H. A. : "The Wagner Act and the Engi• nccr'', Professional Engineer, June 1945, p. 38. u In 1943, the Chemical Workers Union, No. 22606, A, F. of L., sought to organize the professional employees of the Monsanto Chemical Company at its plant in Everett, 'Mass. The chemists assisted by the Society were able to prevent inclusion in a heterogeneous labor organization. (Case No. 1-R-1626). lG Prepared by Elisha Hanson and published January 1944, 16 The Employed Chemist and His Employer, a report of ~c Committee on Employer-Employee Relationships which was published in The Chemist, Vol. XXII, Nos. 9, 10• 17 Based on a statement published by the Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer, March 27, 1946. Chapter III c ° AN EXAMINATION OF PROPOSALS MADE BY PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES TO MODIFY THE WAGNER ACT . D TUJU3ED by the efforts of labor organizations to h~:e them included in bargaining u~ts and bargain. agencies along ..,vi.th sub-professional and non~~fessional employees, professional employees, and p metimes their societies, • h ave suggestd •• e some w . . revmon of the National Laboi: R elations Act in the interest of preserving professional status. It seems advisable to examine these proposals. Five legislative proposals have been suggested. They may be st ated as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Exempt professional employees from the provisions of the Na tional Labor Relations Act. • Establish a separate tribunal for dealing with the representation and bargaining rights of profcs• sional employees. Exclude professional employees from heterogeneous bargaining groups and bargaining units. Allow professional employees to waive their rights to bargain collectively. Require the National Labor Relations Board, to permit professional groups of employees to d~c~de for themselves by majority vote the bargalillllK unit in which they shall be included as well as the bargaining agency that shall represent them. Each of these proposals will be analyzed to deter• mine the extent to which it would enable professional employees to attain their objectives. Seek Legislation Which Would Exempt Professional Employees from the Provisions of the N.L.R.A. Exemption of professional employees from the provisions of the National Relations Act does not seem ~ promising solution of the problems facing profess1onal employees. The Act applies to all employees working in establishments in or affecting interstate :mmerce. ~robably it would be very difficult to _jus· . Y exemption of professional employees, especially smce some of them might protest such action.1 It has bee~ pointed out that even if this objective could be achieved a problem would still remain. Labor organi.za. • f . tions still could and probably would accept proessional th. in· the Nati emp1oyees as members, and no mg onal Labor Relations Act would preclude such action even if professional employees were excluded from the provisions of the Act. Moreover, in those instances in which professional employees believe they need a bargaining agency to protect their interest and the employer refuses recognition, the bargaining agency for the professional employees might have to resort to strikes to obtain recognition since the exclusion of professional employees from the National Labor Relations Act would not permit certification by means of an election under the supervision of the National Labor Relations Board. The professional employees would be in exactly the same position that the foremen found themselves following the Maryland Drydock decision.2 At that time the National Labor Relations Board held that, except in industries where a histo~ of c?llective bargaining for supervisors had prevailed, 1t wou_ld not establish a bargaining unit for foremen ~':5p1t~ the fact that supervisors have the same bargammg nghts as other employees. In support of this decision, the . 'ty of the Board stated that ''we are maJon . . of the . opinion that in the present . stage of. administration and employee-organization, the establishm~t. of b~ aining units composed of supervisors exercsmg su th· will· pede the g llll • stantial managerial au onty , b • • disrupt established processes of collective ~ g , . d militate managerial and production techniques, an a . t effectuation of the policies of the Act''. ' gamsF 11 . this decision, a wave of foremen s o owing . • • b em trikes for the purpose of forcing recogrution ; th .• eir s lo ers occurred. As a result forem~, _throug p y • ation . (The F•oreman's AssOCiatton of Amer• orgaruz . 'tion and a union agreement m ica)' obtame~ recogru a To clarify the situation, the certain establishments: ard found it necessary to f the purpose of National Labor Relation~ ~o • • Detroit in 1944 or hold a heanng m the foreman question and reconsidering its position on entitled to all the of deciding whether tey w:oyed under the Narights that other ~p oyees hereafter, the Board, in tional Labor Relations Act~/th position it had taken Coro;any case. It declared a series of decisions, in the Maryland Dry r;:;; �PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES' PROPOSALS PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES' PROPOSALS that not only are foremen employees within the meaning of the Act but ( 1) that as employees they are entitled to be placed in an appropriate bargaining unit and ( 2) that they may join an auxiliary of, and be represented in collective bargaining by, a labor organization admitting to membership the rank and file employees working in the same establishment.~ Lastly, the fact that groups of professional employees now have the right to seek certification whenever such a course of action seems desirable gives them, as individuals or as a group, a potential bargaining power with their employers which many of these employees might not want to surrender. In view of the foregoing considerations, the seeking of legislature changes, which would exempt professional employees from the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act, would not seem to be a promising solution. Seek Legislation Which Would Establish a Separat~ Tribunal for p ~aling With the Repr~sentation and Bargaining Rights of Professional Employees This approach to the problem was suggested to the ~adian W~e Labour Relations Board by a co~ttee representing 14 professional organizations. This Board was created under the Canadian Wartime Labour R~ations Order-in-Council (P.C. 1003) a set of r~lations passed in February 1944 to protect Canadian employees in the exercise of their right to form labor organizations and to bargain collectively. Several w~ after these regulations went into effect, ~e Committee asked the Board to e.xclude profes~1onal employee_s from them for a six-month period m order that it may have time to consider their status under the Order. At the end of the period the Committ d ee reporte that ll f th . a ~o o err membership indicated b substantial majority that profession y a very opposed to being included in bar ~ ~ploy~ were gamingand uruts made up .largely of non-profess·ional personnel d their own agency for collective bargainin wa;te recommended that a new Order • C . g. hey which would establish S •m- ~uncil be passed f . a eparate national b d f pro essional employees onl d oar or to be included in barg • . Y an . grant them the right airung UJUts of p f • ployees even though th . ro ess1onal emIdd· ey previously had b • c u e m heterogeneous bar ainin . een mg g units. After con- ducting hearings the Board refused to establish a arate labor code fo~ prof~sional employees but pl:: them under a special section of the original Order-in. Council and provided that they be dealt with sep ately for a period of six months. ar. Order-in-Council No. 1003 was war legislati This wartime measure was extended to December ;n. 1946 under the National Emergency Transitio~ Powers Act passed by the Canadian House of Com~o~ on Dec~ber 7, 1945.5 At its nullification, leg1Slat1on concerning the status of the engineer with respect to self-organization and collective bargaining reverted to the individual provinces. A revision of the National Labor Relations Act which would bring about a separate labor tribunal for professional employees in all likelihood would be difficult to obtain. It is interesting to note that the Canadian Wartime Labour Relations Board refused to establish a separate code for professional employees because of the c.xpense involved. It should also be noted that if the National Labor Relations Board made an e.xception in the case of professional employees, it would ho.ve no assurance that similar requests would not be raised by other groups of employees. Other courses of action would seem to have a better chance of obtaining Congressional approval. Seek Legislation J,Vhich Would Exclude Professional Employees from Heteroueneous Bargaining Units ~ Instead of trying to e..-<clude employees engaged ~ professional work from the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act it has been suggested that an attempt be made to modify the Act so as to place professional employees in a separate category for pur• poses of collective bargaining. Such a modification wo~d ~alee professional employees ineligible for in· clUS1on m bargaining units of non-professional exn· ployees, but would ensure them the right under the Act to be placed in bargaining units of professional em~loyees and to be represented by representatives of their o_~ choosing. Adoption of this proposal would malce it impossible for professional employees to be repres~ted by non-professional employees or by repr~entat:ives chosen by a group in which non-prof~SIOnal employees predominated. At the same wne it would retain for them the right to bargain coUectivdY as guaranteed to other employees. This arrangexnent may well be more acceptable to many professional ctn loyees than the proposal to exempt them from the r: ~ions of the Wagner Act. It probably would be difficult to attain than a separate tribunal for pro- fessional employees. Legislation of this nature, however, would reuire Congress to modify one of the basic provisions ~£ the Act, namely, that the bargaining unit is a xnatter for Board d etermination, the bargaining agency being a matter for employee determination. The proposal to exclude professional exnployees from heterogeneous bargaining units and agencies might be criticized on the grounds that it would restrict these employees in the choice of a bargaining agency and, in those situations where the National Labor Relations Board applies the Globe Doctrine, in the choice of a bargaining unit. There is some evidence that under certain conditions professional employees may want to be included in a heterogeneous bargaining unit and bargaining agency, as for example in those situations in which all the employees of a single company wish to establish a labor organization of company employees only. Also such a provision would not appeal to those who feel that the determination of these matters should rest with the professional employees themselves and should be based upon their personal preferences under the conditions prevailing in a given situation. Seek Legislation Which Would Give to Professio7:al Employees the Right t~ Waive V ?luntanly or to Exercise Their Collective Bargaining Rights It is understood that this proposal would leave with the National Labor Relations Board the full right to determine appropriate bargaining units, but would l~ve with professional employees as individuals t!1e nght to decide whether or not they wished to be ~clu~ed in the bargaining units so established, ?err ch?ice would lie between accepting the barg~ UIUt as determined by the board and waiving the nght to bargain collectively, in which case they would d be assured the right to bargain individually. UD er th~e conditions some professional employees might w_aive their right to bargain collectively because tbey di~ not like the bargaining unit to which the~ were ~~ed, or because they did not wish to b ~ colecnvely regardless of the bargaining unit. It IS ~ sumed tha_t these professional employees could not be 29 ~equixed by employers to waive their bargaining rights m order to obtain and retain employment. This proposal bas the appeal that it would assure professional employees full freedom in their decision to bargain collectively or not to bargain collectively. The two principal difficulties which lie in the way of achieving this legislative change are: (I) It would be difficult to give this Crccdom of choice to professional employees and to deny it to other classes of employees. (2) Congress having declared it to be public policy to encourage collective bargaining may be very reluctant to permit any class of employees to ''waive'' their collective bargaining rights, even though they could not be forced to do so as a conditio.n of employment. Accordingly, even though this legislative change might be most acceptable to a majority of professional employees, it is likely to be more difficult to obtain than some such change as indicated in the immediately preceding proposal. It is obvious that a legislative change which would enable professional employees to waive their collective bargaining rights could not be expected to forestall attempts at unionization of professional employees on the part of affiliates of national unions associated with federations of rank and file employees. One would expect unions with jurisdictions restricted to professional employees to be chartered by the major federations of labor, and would expect also that such unions would ~ e the attempt to win professional employees to their membership. Seek Legislation Which Would Require the NLRB to Permit Profession.al. EmPlO'fees to Select Their Own Bargaining Unit and Agency To overcome some of the objections !o the predin posa1 professional employees ID1ght follow ce g proof action similar to that endorsed by the a course • S t American Federation of Labor and proposed m ena e Bill 1000, which was introduced o~ January 25, d referred to the Senate Comxmttee on Edu~ an . Bill nsored by Senator DaVld I. and Labor. This • spo d th National h of Massachusetts, would amen e . d "to guarantee fair an Wals Lah:<>r Rela::s~~:: :; the law by the National equitable a • Board" a Labor Relations • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ x!: ____......iiiiii_ _ _ �I PROFESSI ONAL EMPLOYEES' PROPOSALS PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES' PROPOSALS Among the amendments proposed are those that would modify Section g(b) of the Ac~, which r:l~tes to the dcte..."llllnation of an appropriate bargauung unit. Under the existing law the Board alone has the power to decide whether the ~nit shall _b~ _"the employer unit, craft unit, plant urut or sub-division thereor'. Serui.te Bill 1000 would modify this section to prevent the Board from establishing bargaining units which "embrace employees of more than one employer". Moreover, it would also add what has become known as "the craft unit amendment", :\ proposal endorsed by the American Feder:irion of Labor. This amendment would "make it obligatory on the Board to respect the right of craft groups to decide for themselves by majority vote who their bargaining representatives shall be".7 This is not a new principle of law. The proposal is similar to c.xisting provisions in the Railway Labor Act.6 The amendment "to protect the rights and integrity of craft unions" could be broadened to include professional as well as craft groups so that professional employees would be given the right to choose the b:u-gaining unit and agency they believe to be best suited to their needs. ---. The adoption of this proposal would place the determination of both the bargaining unit and the bargaining agency in the hands of professional employees-an arrangement which professional employees may prefer. Since the principle of permitting homogeneous groups of employees to choose their own bargaining unit and bargaining agency has the wholehearted support of the American Federation of Labor the possibility of obtaining Congressional support fo; an amendment to the National Labor Relations Act which would compel its observance by the Board is greatly enhanced. Shoul~ this course of action be acceptable to Co~~ess, it would place professional employees in a position under the l~w where they could decide for thems~lv~ tbe ~argaming unit and the type of labor ~rgamzat:ion which they b~lieve would best serve the' tr mterests. 1 The committee knows of no co h • dis~loscs the attitude of pro:::n::: ~:rvey ~vhich Uruted States with respect to labo p rec~ lll the collective bazgaining for proft:5$ionaf organuabon and pon i1sucd by the National O • ~ployces. A_ reof Pittsfield (Mass.) Enginecr':S~~~:;0 C~mnutte_c 1~46 (based ?n a questionnaire filled in 1D April gmccn, chc1D.1St.1 met:illurgists d 1 Y 571 enpeople residing ~ th ' an .r~ ated technical rec separate localities) states: b peacetime product.ion, the losses arc already being offset by increases in mcmbenhip". (Marquardt, Philomena: "Foreman's Association of America", Monthly Labor Review, February 1946, p. 243.) "Although none of the three groups has been ganized in a union, many of the technical people ~!'eluded in this survey have been faced with the ,•nminent possibility of in a trade un·un. being included . . ion :i.nd h ave be en sub Jett to organmng programs by th ' unions. The questionnaire showed that at present 1C:C than 5 % favor a certified union, rather than a pr: fcssional organization, to handle their economic problems . . ." (An Immediate Measure to Strcnnthen th Profmional and Economic Position of t/ie En°ginecrin; Profession. A p:iper prepared by the Nationa.1 So. cietics Committee for the General Electric Engineers Associ:ltion at Fort Wayne, Pittsfield, Lynn, and Schenectady, p. 1 1.) The bck of interest on the part of these professional cr:1ployees ( fewer than 5 % ) stands out in rather sharp contr:ut with ( 1) an engineer's vote of from so to 36% for either an AF of L or CIO affiliate in some of the elections held by the National Labor Relations Board and (!I) the results of a Canadian survey conducted br a Committee representing 14 engineering :md scientific organizations. This Committee reported that 9!!% of those replying were in favor of collective birgaining under a new Order in Council which would permit engineers a scp:iratc bargaining unit a.nd an agency of their own choosing. More significant, however, was the desire of 35% to be included in heterogeneous barg:uning units under the then existing Order in Council H a separate bargaining1 unit and independent b::irg:un agencies could not be obtained. ~ Maryland Drydock Company (R-5212, R-5214, 49 NLRB 733, :\fay 11, 1943) . This decision reversed earlier decisions in which the Board had held that foremen were employees under the Act, and as such could affiliate with labor organizations including nonsupervisory employees, but tbat they could bargain collectively only in appropriate bargaini.n.g unit which wns separate from the productive force. The Board :ilso had ruled that bargaining units which included various levels of supervisory employees were not appropriate. (Sec Maller of Union Collicrits Coal Company, 44 NLRB 165, Matter of Godchaux Sugars, Inc., 44 NLRB 874, Malter of Boeing AircTaft Company, 45 NLRB 630, and Matter of Studebaker Corporation, 46 NLRB 1315.) = 8 The membership of the Foreman's Association of America from September 1941 to December 1945 is presented below: Number of Members Chapters Date 350 September 1941 •.........• . ..•• 8 194!! convention ............ . ..• 10,392 68 1943 " . . ...... . •.••••• 18,963 109 1944 Cl • • •, • •, , • , , •, • • • 25,000 281 !18,240 1945 " (December)" •••• "0 In June 1945 the membership of the FAA reached a peak of 3!!,357. The gains of about 21,000 members during the year were offset by iosscs of a little over 16,000, so that the net gain was slightly less than 5,000 mcmben. Almost 60 chapters were dropped during the year. These losses were due chic8y to cutbaw after VE-day and VJ-day. With the progress of reconversion to • I the Matter of Packard Motor Car Company (7-R-1884, NLRB, 4, Marcil 26, 1945) the Board decided that n 61 the policies of the Act could be better effectuated by ranting rather than by denying the right of certifica~on to foremen. This position was reaffirmed in the Matter of Packard Motor Car Company (7-C-~4~2, 6 NLRB No. 204, December 7, 1945). The maJonty the Board took the position that "the Board is dedi0 ted to encourage bargaining, and should do 60 in :c absence of any court decision, Congressional action, or statement of national policy to the contrary". It decided that foremen did con~t.itu~~ an appropri~te bargaining unit on the assumption that Congress 10tcnded the Board merely to group employees appropriately, not to exclude them from coverage of t~e Act". It decl:u-cd, therefore, that forcm~n ~nrollcd 1!1 an independent, unaffilia!c~ labo~ organization consbtutc an appropriate bargauung urut. I n the Packard cases, the Board dealt with foremen employed in a mass production_ ~~~stry in wbi~ the supervisory duties and rcspons1bilibes were said to be restricted. In the Matter of the L. A. Young Spring & Wire Corporation (2t-R-28!5• 65 NLRB No. 59, January 8, 1946) the Board decided that foremen in all indwtries subject to the Act, regardless of th,ir duties and responsibilities arc entitled to the protect.ion of the Act through the medium of indcpende_nt, unaffiliated organizations, and in the B. F. Goodrich Company case (8-R-1874, 65 NLRB No. 58, Jan~ary 8, 1946) it included various levels of foremen 10 a single bargaining unit. In the Matter of Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Vcsta-Shannopin Coal Division (6-R.-1191, 66 f ., NLRB No. 51, March 7, 1946) in which the petitioner was the United Clerical, Technical and Supervisory Employees Union of the United Mine Worken of America (District 50), the majority of the Board decfared that it did not have the power to limit the choice of foremen with respect to a collective bargaining representative to an independent, una.lliliatcd foremen's labor union, inasmuch as the Act guarantees to all employees (including foremen) the right to bargain collectively "through representatives of their own choosing''. Therefore, it refused to dismss a petition "for a supervisor's unit filed by an aBiliate of th.c labor organization which repl'C$ented the same company's rank and file employees". In the Matter of California Packing Corporation ( 19-R-1558, 66 NLRB No. 180, April 3, 1946) the majority of the Board stated that it could not "refuse to entertain a petition filed by a supervisory auxiliary of the local union which represents the Company's nonsupervisory employees. . . ." Accordingly, it declared that all general foremen, department foremen, and assistant foremen in the establishment constitute an appropriate bargaining unit. 1 11 Monthly Labor R,vi,w, March 1946, PP· 399-40 • o Statement of Senator Walah ( Congressional R,cortl, Fint Session, 76th Congress, Volume 84, Part I, P· 741.) T siatcmcnt of Senator Walsh, ( Congmsional Record, Fint Session, 76th Congress, Volume 84, Part 1, P· 742.) a Sect.ion 2, fourth, provides that_ "Emplo~ccs shall have the ri ht to organize and barga10 collect1vely ~ugh rcpr!cntatives of their oY(ll choosing. The mai~nty of any craft or class of employw shall haV; the nght to de. ho shall be the rcprcscntallVC of the craft or teIIJllDC w • A ,, clllSS for the purposes of this ct. �~ I 33 Chapter IV COURSES OF ACTION WHICH PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES HAVE TAKEN UNDER TIIB N.L.R.A. l I UP TO THE END OF 1946 all efforts to revise the National Labor Relations Act have been unsuccessful. It is now evident that additional attempts will be made during the 1947 legislative session, but the nature and scope of the revisions, if any, that will actually become Jaw cannot be predicted. The Presidential veto of the Case Bill as well as the complete failure in the last decade of every effor t to modify the N.L.R.A. demonstrate the powerful opposition which confronts those who set out to attain their goals in this way. Although the outcome of any attempt to protect the interests of professional employees through legislation cannot be predicted, modifications of the Wagner Act along the lines suggested by professional employees may be a time-consuming process. In the meantime, heterogeneous labor organizations composed largely of non-professional employees undoubtedly will continue their efforts to have professional employees included in their bargaining units. Because they realize the difficulties that face those who seek revision of the Wagner Act and because they believe that the interests of professional and non-professional employees in many respects are dissimilar and that the inclusion of professional employees in heterog~e?us unions may not give them the type of bargaming agency which they want, professional employees have taken various courses of action open to them under the Wagner Act to further their interests. This chapter will examine these courses of action. No. 1 : Take No Action at All 1 J ::::>, Sometimes when the issue of representation arises, professional • about orgaruzation • • d employees do nothing an collective bargaining and let events take their COUrse This . • approach to the problem has one unportant shortc • . f~.· onung. Failure to act may mean that pro.....1ona1 emp! . . h o11s bar . . oyees may be mcluded m a eterogenethe c ~aintng ~ t.. In that event, they must acc pt in ~e~ bargammg agency as their representative • hours, and working • cond'1tions, • establishing sa1anes, 7 even if they do not join the union. Moreover, if the employer grants the bargaining agency either a union a clos.ed shop, professional employees in the shop bargammg umt automatically must become members of the union or forfeit their jobs. ?r. No. 2 : J?o Nothing Until the Representation Issue Anses and Then Seek Exclusion from the Bargaining Unit Some professional employees have waited until the representation issue was raised and then requested the National Labor Relations Board to exclude them from the bargaining unit. Such a request to the Board is not likely to accomplish the desired results. As pointed out earlier, the National Labor Relations Act was passed to protect employees in their "right to self organization, to form, join or assist labor organizations" and "to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing". Moreover, public policy in part, as expressly stated in the Act, is to encourage the practice and procedure of collective bargaining. In the light of these objectives, the Board has taken the position that elections are held to find out the wishes of employees with respect to a particular union or several unions.seeking certification and not 1 to help employees stay out of labor organizations. There is, of course, a possibility that professional employees may be excluded from a heterogeneous bargaining unit in those situations in which the ~ployer and the union seeking recognition agree of thCJ.l' o~ volition to exclude such employees. Under these arcumstances, the Board, in the. a~ence of a pro~t from professional employees, is inclined to accept ~ determination of the matter. "The fa:t ~a~ th.ere JS no dispute", says the Board, ''usually JS indicative of the propriety of the um't"•2 On the other hand, if the union engaged in ?ranizing the company's employees insists upon ~e ?11" ~Iusion of professional employees in the bargammg �PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES' COURSES OF ACTION PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES' COURSES OF ACTION 34 unit the issue in most cases will be placed before the B~d. The Board would then apply the criteria established by it for determining the appropriate bargain· ing unit (see pp. 15-16). If professional employees customarily have been included in a heterogeneous labor organization in other plants in the industry, the Board undoubtedly would be reluctant to disturb the prevailing arrangement. Even where such a precedent has not been established and the professional employees refuse to sign membership cards but instead request that they be excluded from the proposed bargaining unit, the petition would not receive favorable consideration. The Board has consistently maintained that elections are held to determine the wishes of employees with respect to a union or unions seeking certification. No. 3: D_o Nothing Until the Representation Issue Ames. and T~en Join a Bargaining Agency Seeking Certification Where a single bargaining agency which is acceptable. to the . professional employees is seekin'g representation this procedure raises no problem. Where two or more labor organizations are seelcin tati dis g represenon, a pute will arise. If one of th ceptabl th f • . em were ac. e, e pro ess1onal employees presumabl would Sign up as members of that bargainin y work for its certification. Should the disg agency and fore the Board 'd . pute come b&' consi eration would b • employees' wishes. "Great w . , e given to the tached "to the rel ti h eight' ' however, is atand the b:ir=iini: v~ omo?eneity of the unit sought -o~g tory m the plant •d U nless counterbalanced by oth el or m ustry. er ements b:i'"""'i":" hist • r . ory u o ten a controlling factor" a I , . -~---:g which considerations fa . • n situations 10 vonng a craft unit ( a professional unit also) d th presumably comprehensive unit are o/:bst os~ favoring a more the Board frequently applies th ~ally equal weight, ~- 1 6 for definition) before~ lobe Doctrine (see tion. Even under thes . ng a final determinae circumstances • ' as is true of all representation cases th . h th 'ewuesof 1 . e controlling factor since "the Bo emp oyees are not ~gs of the appropriate unit ard makes its findmcluding the desires of th upon the entire record the election results".• Thu: :;:loyees as re8ected b; does not guarantee that ~urse of action als0 obtain b . . profess1ona1 . a arga1rung agency of th . emp1oyees will cir own chOOsing. No. 4: Do Nothing Until the Re r Issue Arises and Then Join withpo:hntation fessional Employees to Form a Labor 0errgPro. . . ization an. Professional employees may unite and f l~bor organization of their own choosing. T~~ a nght guaranteed by the National L abor Rel • IS a . 11 . b . . anons Act • Smce co ectlve argammg, however can 1 . . cifi b ' on Y func tion m• a spe c argaining unitJ the ne,V organiza.• , • tion WIii have value only if the employer recogtuzes • it . . . ~ the b ~ g agency for professional employees in 1hisb establishment. • . If he fails to do so or if twoormore a. or. orgaruzabons seek certification, the representa. tion tssue 1s placed bcfore the Board, whose duty it becomes to dete~e what the bargaining unit shall be. If the orgaruzation is free of employe.r initian· d d . . on an . orrunallon, ~e findings of the Board may support its representabon claims. On the other hand the Board's decisio~ m~y be unfavorable since it ap~lies a number of criteria among which the wishes of the employees is but one, and not necessarily the deter• mining, factor. This course of action a lso has certain shortcom• ings. It takes time to clarify issues, to educate fellow em~loyees as to their rights and obligations under the National Labor Relations Act, to consider the various cours~s o~ action that may be taken, to form a labor org~tion, to prepare a constitution, to elect rcprese~tatives and to draw up a petition, with supporting e~d~ce and data, requesting certification as a bar· gammg agency. Such petitions, if they are to have v_alue,_ must be submitted early-certainly before the Situation becomes crystallized. Moreover, professional ~ployees may be at a decided disadvantage in carr'/" 10~ on these activities when competing with the skill~ and experienced organizers who represent well· established unions. These limitations should not be taken to mean that th'15 course of action precludes successful orgaJU· • zation on the part of professional employees who find tbemselves in this situation As a matter of fact, professional employees have b;en successful in obtaining ~eir own bargaining agency in competition with out· side labor organizers. In those situations where professional employees have not had sufficient tiJne to for~ an organization, it may still be possible for tbelll to intervene and assist the Board in deterxni,ning tbe appropriate bargaining unit. To illustrate: in 1944 the professional engineers at the Victor Camden pla~t of the Rad~o <::orporati_on f America, confronted with an organizational drive 0 nductcd by the Federation of Architects, Engineers, ~emists and Technicians, CIC, established a com'ttee which was permitted to intervene and to assist :1e Regional Officer of the National Labor Relations Board in determining the appropriate bargaining unit. At the Globe election conducted by the Board, almost two out of three engineers (64 per cent) voted for a separate bargaining unit. Subsequently they formed their own organization which was certified by the Board a!ter a consent cross-check determination. It should be stressed, however, that this course of action to be cITcctive requires quick action and informed leadership. No. 5: Plan in Advance for a f.:abor Organ_ization but Withhold its Establishment until the Representation Issue Arises The shortcomings of Course of Action No. 4 may be overcome in part by anticipating the problems which would have to be faced if and when the question of representation actually arises. A group of professional employees, not engaged in supervisory work, may draw up a plan of action which could be put into effect when the need arises. Such a group would prepare in advance ( 1) a suggested constitution for a labor organization, ( 2) the publicity to be used, (3) the forms which would be needed, (4) the procedure to be followed in establishing a bargaining agency, and (5) the material to be used in petitioning the National Labor Relations Board for certification. Preliminary planning along these lines may en· able professional workers to retain the status quo and still be in a position to establish a bargaining agency of their own choosing with the minimum of delay. The Board probably would not regard this course of action to be in violation of the spirit and intent of the Act, provided, of course, the new bargaining agency had been developed in conformity with the provisions ~f the Act. It should be noted, however, that this issue has not come before the Board for a ruling, Should this plan be followed, the labor organization when established would still have to be designated as the bargaining agency, which again raises the question as to whether the desired classification of employees would constitute an appropriate bargaining unit in 35 the particular circumstances under consideration. The criteria considered by the Board and the uncertainties involved have been discussed above. No. 6: Form a Labor Organization Before the Representation Issue Arises The professional employees in an establishment, or those in closely related professions have formed their own labor organization and requested the Board for certification before heterogeneous unions raised the representation issue. The advisability of taking this course of action may be questioned by a substantial number of professional employees. Many of them may believe action along these lines to be an impairment of their profes~ sional status. A pronounced individualism and a strong urge towards independence have led some of them to oppose aggressively any efforts which would lead to organization for bargaining purposes. It must be acknowledged, however, that a certified bargaming agency of professional employees has this advantageit will assure that the desires of the professional employees will be presented to their employers by representatives who are primarily concerned with the problems of professional people and have a real desire to further their best interests.5 1 See TabardrcY Manufacturing Company Case, R-5402, 1943, 51 NLRB 246. • 2 Ninth Annual Report of the National Labor Relauons Board, 1944 Fiscal Year, P· SS· 8 Ibid., p. S4· i Ibid., p. 34• na1 5 The question bas been raised by mClllben of profcssio societies as to what would happen to the .status o_f a bargaining agency which, ha~g ~ certified, failed to engage in collective bargaming. Sin~ the Pnm_arY sc of 11 true bargaining agency ts to negollatc ;v'11po hours, and conditions of employment, any _or· ag_cs,tion which failed to seek a written cont:r.l~t wi~garuz.l blc pcn'od of time would place 1tscl! m in a rcasona nn,in'on Such actlon • would undoub tcdly bl an untena c r • • Bo3rd as be regarded by the National L~bor Rel:onsfide labor a device to prevent the [o_rmanon of a d~ on1 with organization. Ho~c:vcr, SI.DCC dth~ Abcty Clllplo=!, the unf · labo practJCCS engage 111 '_,., ~ 't w~uld seem would have no au~ority to take ' • ti n.s which after cei-BOiU"' 1 any action against labor ~~ti~Y UDless perhaps tific.ation failed to bargalD co ting union later in those situatio~ in . be noted that seeks ;°::Sen·~~°: ~~ independent labor orpniza· o_nc ~ e ~tten "'""'emcnt with the employer. tton u a wn ...,.- 0 "':!ch ; ::~ �37 Chapter V TYPES OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ORGANIZATIONS OPEN TO PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES PROFESSIONAL E M PLOYEES who have come to the conclusion that some form of organized representation is necessary are confronted with three questions. Should the org~zation to be formed or joined restrict its membership to the employees of a single employer or plant, or should its jurisdiction include the employees of a wider area such as a market, trade, or industry? Should membership in the organization be limited to employees in a given profession, or should it be broadened to include other groups of employees and, if so, what groups? Should organizations of professional employees remain aloof from or join up with one of the major national federations of labor? It is the purpose of this chapter to present the pros aµd cons involved in each of these questions. Company Versus Trade or Industry · Bargaining Agencies Should membership in the organization be confined to the employees of a single employer or plant, or should some larger area such as the trade or industry be the basis of organization? Both types of bargaining agencies are legal under the Wagner Act. Both types have limitations and advantages. The former enables employees to retain the leadership in their own hands, and to deal with problems confronting themselves and their employer in terms of what is best for their own interest instead of in terms of union strategy and objectives or the general situation in a trade or industry. It gives them a free hand in negotiating a contract and permits greater flexibility in solving current controversies since its freedom of action is not limited by a national constitution or by national officers. It also eliminates the necessity of paying dues to a parent organization. On "the other hand, a union restricted to the ~cope of a· single employer or plant because of its lim1t7d jurisdiction, can do very little about industryWide problems. I t has much less bargaining power than an affiliate of a national union, especially when s~es become necessary to win demands. Except in f~ly large companies, its limited treasury will not permit the payment of strike benefits or the employment of experienced negotiators who devote their full time to furthering the organization's objectives. Organizations confined to the scope of a single company frequently serve as successful and satisfactory bargaining agencies in dealing with employers who are fair minded and have a real interest in maintaining mutually-satisfactory industrial relations. They are seldom effective in negotiating with employers who are slow to raise wages but quick to resort to wage reductions in order to effect economies, or in highly competitive industries in which labor standards tend to be undermined by ruthless price cutting. Finally, this type of labor organization does not have the benefit of advice from experienced national officers. A national organization, because of its larger membership, has more prestige. Its substantial treasury enables it to engage full-time organizers, retain a research staff, and to employ competent officers and counsel. Its organizers are at the service of employees who desire to form a labor organization and to unite with it. I ts research staff studies the industry and its problems and brings together essential information about trends in the industry and business generally which will be needed during negotiations. Its negotiators usually. have had a long C.\.-perience in ~ealing with employers and, not being on the employer s pa~roll, have greater freedom of action ~ .do neg~tiators who are. They come to the negotiations eqwpped with economic and statistical data, a broad kno~ledge of the industry and the la?o~ mark:t, ai:1d a wide experience in collective bargammg which 15 usually equal to and sometimes superior to that_ poss~ed ?Y the employer. Because the organization IS n~tional m ' t • much better qualified to deal with prob• d nv and scope, 1 is lems which are common to the trade or m us.._,. which can be dealt with effectively only o~ a na~on:11 or industry-wide basis-an important c~OS1deration m a highly competitive or over-developed industry. �COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ORGANIZATIONS .The officers of national unions, howe~er, are of . • d • • tration organnecessity concerned with uruon a Il11IllS . ! d izi.ng campaigns, union tactics, union politlcs, ant with the broader aspects of the labor mo':'emen • Sometimes they become more concerned with national politics than with union objec~ves and ?rograms. Their concern with the overall p1c~re at umes leads them to disregard situations in particular plants which require special treatment. Sometimes the desi~e for power and influence causes them to be autocratlc in the methods they use, to neglect the day;to-day aspects of collective bargaining, to concentrate on _increasing the union's membership and expanding its jurisdiction and to consolidate their hold on the national organization. Frequently they stress union security and the controversial aspects of collective bargaining and neglect those factors in the employee-employer relationship that make possible greater purchasing power and higher standards of living. Scope of Membership of the Bargaining Agency Both company and national organizations may limit their membership to a single craft or profession or may open it to other groups of employees. There are several possibilities from which professional employees may choose. At the company level these choices are: 1. An organization open to all employees in a ·ven gi plant or company. 2• Anorgamza 'tion °fclencal • and professional employees. 3. ~ organizat!o~ of professional and sub-prof . sional ( technicians, draftsmen research . es etc.) employees, • assistants, 4· 5 • An organization of all professional cmp1oyecs. Organizations. There are, of course, many ..u .......ceptions to this general tendency. I t should also be point d that local organizations often include empl e out oyees of more ~an onethcompany an~ that cooperation through !ederations at e ~ommd.uruty, state, and federal levels 1s commonly practice . Of the six types of organizations listed above th first-that is, an organization open to all employe' . e . tl esm the plant or company- is 1e most inclusive, and th last, an organization of employees in a given profes~ sion, is the least inclusive. It may be helpful to C.'C· plore the advantages and limitations of these two primary types inasmuch as the other forms of organization are intermediate types which attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings and still retain the advantages of one or the other of the primary types. Employees in a bargaining agency confined to the members of a single craft or profession have a community of interest which it is impossible to attain in an organization in which unskilled workers, production workers, clerical and professional workers are enrolled. The skilled tool-maker h as more in common with his supervisor than he has with the laborer who cleans up the shop, and the professional employee is closer in bis interests to his superior than be is to his filing clerk. The more restricted the membership, the greater the community of interest. For example, engineers are drawn together ( x) by an absorbing interest in the technical and scientific knowledge, and the principles and theories comprising the field of engineering, ( 2) by the basic desire to bring about a more effective utilization of materials, machines, human beings, and natural and mechanical forces, and (3) by a mutual concern with the maintenance of high professional standards among engineers. . The persistent demand on the part of ~y skilled craftsmen and professional employees for their own bargaining agency in part grows out of the_ ~act 6, An organization of employees • • that labor organizations are fundamentally poliacal m a given profession, such as engineering. institutions. Union leaders are elected officials and as such must satisfy the demands of the large groups of It should be noted that each 0 f th • • • ese types of bar employees whose votes elect them and maintain thelll ~auung agencies may be brought togeth . - - • ffi m O ce. As a result the interests of the eraftsxn~ tional organization An ..v~-:- . er m a na. • ~ation of th tru and professional empioyees who politically-because of the Amencan Labor Movement wo ~ s cture • number-are less important, ' 0 fth eir tend to be over· local labor organizations are all uld disclose that . usu y organiz d looked and sometimes sacrificed for the benefit of tbe chartered either by national • e and . uruons or to a 1 majority,1 tent, by national federatio ch ' esser ex:. nssu astheAm. Federation of Labor or the C encan It is the urge to ·be with those who are cioselY ongress of Industrial associated with them in their work and interests as ~r~1J::;~a;~: ;; =~:~es chin ~osely rc_J~ted etc. • enusts, physu:1sts, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ORGANIZATIONS well as the desire to be !? a P?siti~n to protect more eff tively their economic and social status that have ee any craftsmen and some professional employees 1ed m • ' agency and insist upon both a separate barga.mmg to . . . to seek a separate bargammg umt. On the other hand, organizations limited to the loyees of a trade or profession, because of their emp . seIdom attam • as 1arge a ore restricted membership membership and therefore the economic and political ;ower that goes with lai:ge numbers, no: do they build up as large treasuries m as short a tune as do the more-inclusive organizations. They are also more subject to jurisdictional disputes, that is, controversies which sometimes lead to work stoppages because two craft organiz:itions each claim the right to perform a given operation or class of :,vork or to repr~e~t a given group of workers. This type of orgamzation, moveover, adds to the difficulties of the employer in that negotiations with many separate bargaining agencies are time consuming and complicate both the collective bargaining process and the task of maintaining mutually-satisfactory industrial relations. An organization whose membership is open to all employees in a plant or company also has advantages. In the first place, it is likely to have more bargaining power than the less inclusive type of labor organization. An employer might find it quite possible to replace a limited number of striking toolmakers or engineers, but he would h ardly attempt to replace his entire working force or even all of his clerical and professional personnel. He is more likely, therefore, to seek a common meeting ground and a settlement of the controversy when dealing with an all-inclusive organization than when h e is negotiating with an organization which bas a limited number of members in his establishment. Secondly, an organization open to all employees should reduce the expenses that need to be incurred per employee to secure the advantages of collective bargaining because a single group of officers will suffice for the entire plant or company, and duplication of services, which prevails where two or more organizations exist, is eliminated. In the third place, the larger membership of the more-inclusive organization will give rise to a considerably larger treasury. Such a treasury would enable the employees in a medium· 39 sized or large plant to employ a paid officer who could devote all of bis time to furthering the employees' interest. Action along these lines would place the union representative in a position which should enable him to attain competence in negotiating, interpreting, and administering wage contracts. The task of administering an all-inclusive organization is much more difficult. The lack of a community of interest among the members is more likely to give rise to internal conflicts and to hamper the adoption and attainment of common objectives and the development of union policies and programs. An important shortcoming of this type of labor organization from the point-of-view of professional employees is that it tends to give the non-professional and sub-professional employees a predominant voice in the control of the organization. Relationship of Organizations of Professional Employees to a Federation of Labor Unions Local bargaining agencies of professional employees may wish to form a national organization ~or professional employees in which case they must d~de whether the organization should or should not affiliate itself with •a national or international federation of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor or the Congress of Industrial Organizations. Affiliation with a federation would give the new organization greater influence in labor cir~es and wo~d enable professional employees to contnbute a pomtof-view which at times has been sorely needed at labor's conference tables. The ,action. to be ta!f:en would largely be determined by the philosophy of mThey dustrial relations held by professional employees, • ti 05 and to might prefer to work with other organ.iza ? help build a unified labor movement which "".o~d deal realistically with economic, social and polio~ roblems of the day, or to "go it alone" and wor ~ut their own problems by thems~lves as ~o~e railroad brotherhoods have done since ~eir mcep Since affiliation with a national federatJ.on would n~t trict the autonomy of the local orgamnecessarilY r es . uld • • the ef. 'ther course of action wo lDlpair zation, ne1 in bargaining fectiveness of professional employ~ . their . th • ployers or m protecting collectively with eir em best interests. o~:: �COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ORGANIZATIONS The above discussion of types of organization open to professional employees under existing laws is presented with no other motive in mind than the desire to assist professional employees to obtain a better understanding of the underlying issues involved. If it has accomplished its purpose, then the professional employees who have come to the conclusion that they • should organize will .be .in a better position wh at form of orgaruzation will b est serve th to .decide poses. Chapter VI eir pur. FORMING AN ORGANIZATION FOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 1 Slichtcr, Sumner H.: M odern Ee • Holt & Company, N. Y.1 19"1 opnom18c Society, Htn.. ~ 1 p. I 3 to 186, - , sucH FACTUAL DATA as are available make it unmis- takably clear that those engineers and scientists who find it desirable or necessary to bargain collectively prefer to do so through organization of professional employees only. The most extensive survey of the attitude of professional employees toward labor organizations and collective bargaining was conducted by a committee representing 40,000 Canadian members of 14 engineering and scientific organizations. The survey was made to determine the desires of professional employees with respect to unionization and collective bargaining under the Canadian Wartime Labour Relations Order-in-Council (PC-1003) which consisted of a set of regulations designed to protect employees in the exercise of their rights to form labor organizations and to bargain coUectively. This survey disclosed that 92 per ce.n t of the professional employees who e.xpressed their opinions were opposed to being included in bargaining units made up largely of nonprofessional personnel. Instead they expressed a desire for a new Order-in-Council which would establish a separate national board for professional employees only. "Only I per cent indicated a preference for 1 trade unions as their bargaining unit". Unfortunately, no extensive survey has been conducted to determine the desires of professional employees in the United States with respect to collective bargaining arrangements. Such evidence as is available, however, indicates that in those instances in which they desire, or find it necessary, to bargain collectively, a large majority want to be represented by bargaining agencies of professional employees. It is not surprising, therefore, that so many professional ~ployees, when faced with the possibility of being included in h eterogeneous bargaining units, have ~ed to their respective professional societies for adVIce and guidance. This chapter has been prepared to meet the steadily mounting demand on the part of professional ~ployees for information to guide them in organiz· mg a bargaining agency of their own. It is not in- tended to influence the choice of professional employees but to supply them with information not readily available in the literature of collective bar- gaining. Professional employees who are convinced that a labor organization is desirable or necessary may choose between two courses of action. They may invite a national or regional union or association or one of its affiliates to assist them in forming a local or they may form a labor organization of their own. If the first alternative is chosen, the union or association undoubtedly would assist in forming a new local. In many cases, it would also instruct its officers in their duties and responsibilities, assist them in deciding on what would seem to be an appropriate bargaining unit, assist them in getting the local certified when such action is necessary, and either assist them in contract negotiations or negotiate a contract for them.2 If the professional ~ployees of a given establishment on the other band, desire to form their own organization, the path to their objective is less easily traveled. In all probability few if any of the ~rofessional employees will have belonged to a ~on. or have had experience in establishing one. The situa~on may be complicated further by simultaneous o ~ tional activities on the part of one or more competing . having substantial resources and represented uruons di' h by experienced personnel. Under these con tions ow can professional employees keep thems~ves f_~ of heterogeneous unions should that be their d~e. If • • agenacs what they want to form their own bargairung ditions must they meet and what steps should they :e? It is with these questions that this chapter deals, Requirements for Certification by the National Labor Relations Board The immediate goal of the professional em~loy~ omes the establishment of a labor o~aon now bec aiify f ertificaaon by challenged could qu or c Board This does not which, if ' . the National Labor Relaaons • ertified in all mean that these organizations must be c �42 FORMING AN ORGANIZATION instances. Employers may recognize organizations of employees without a determination of a majority by the Board. Such a determination is usually desirable, however, especially in those situations in which a competing organization is likely to claim jurisdiction, because disputes of this character almost invariably require a determination by an agency of the Board. Since such a determination is always a possibility, the new organization should make every effort to qualify for it. A primary prerequisite for certification which every labor organization must meet is freedom from employer domination, interference, financial assistance . or other _support. Employer participation or assistance of any kind in the formation or administration of the organization should be avoided, In determining whether an organization is company dominated the Board asks c':1~ questions which may be reg~ded 8:5 tests or cntena that independent labor organiza. tions ~ust meet. In order that bargaining agencies of ?rofess1~nal em_ployees unknowingly may not engage m practices whi~ la_ter may be regarded as evidence of company ~otrunation, some of the more important of these questions are listed below: I. 2. Who inspired the organization d circumstances which led to ii., fo:a:i,~a?t were the Do the members of the organizaf D th ion pay dues? m~ngs~ organization hold regular membership 12. Are ~up~rvisors and executives cli "b bersh1p m the bargaining agenc 8l le for Ille.iii. vote or hold office? Y and can the, An affirmative answer to questions 2 3• 6 and I I and a negative answer to questions 4 7 12 would indicate that the bargain'. ' ' 9, 10 and • d . ing agency was qualifie to represent 1ts members for p lective bargaining, provided, of cou urposes of co!. • . cl rse, that th agency was inspire by the employees e • • • cl on1Y and that its constitution an by-laws were drafted b th adopted by a substantial representation {them and bers. The Board has only one cone o e tnem. establish the fact that the employer he;, nt~el~, to d . . . no mspired encti~uragfe th, or mti":11d~ted the employees in the for~ ma on o e organization or has not d . "b • • an IS not contti uting to its support or infhiencing its d . . . a Dllnistration. 8 Of interest also may be acts of employers hich w. the Board in its decisions has identified as th t th b • . suggesting e, ai:gauung agency may be subject to mana agements will. Important among such acts are:a 1 • !:::cipating in the formation of a labor organizaSug • to _a picked group of employees that th gcstmg ey create their own organization. Assisting in drafting its constitution. 4. Intcrf~g with the choice of emplo..-ee repre scntatives. ' • + Do executives or supe • 5- ~irculating petitions in its support or allowing cm to be circulated on company time. 5, 6. 3. meetings of the 0 ,.....,,. IVt~ory? employees attend the ·o~IZation Docs the organiza • Jaws? If so, tion have a constitution and by. a. Who drafted them? b. How many b• . mcm crs attended th which they were adopted? c meeting at 6. Do the by.Jaws contai clause and make p . ~ a collective bargaining rovU1on for a bargaining com. mittee? 7- Is membership Ji • so cited d • . . . and IS it encouraged by exc~g working hours 8. Is membership a con di ti cutivcs or supervuors? 9. ~ dues collected b on o~ csnploymcnt? if collected by union Y deductio? from wages or company time? rcprescntauves is it d , • ' one on io. Docs the management: a. Contribute funds? b. Provide a mcctin~ place? c. Supp_ly legal advice? , d. Provide paper type . e. Supply mimeo~ra ~tcr, etc,? services? P g, tclcpho11e, and clerical I I. Has the organiiation the company? a Written a--e o•~ ment with 7. 8. 9. 10, II. 12. rs, Duparaging a rival organization to the employees. Recogni.zmg a labor orgaruzation • • • h out proo! that . . Wit it IS !he exclusive bargaining agency of the cmp1oyecs 111 a Particular bargaining unit. Eflectionecring for labor organizatioru on the part o sup crvuors • and other company representatives. Encoura..:ftg m~-b . the orgaruzation . • or 1 ~~ .....,. ership m vlo untanly making membership a condition of cm· P oyment. "Eagerncss" on the part of ma.nagement to sign • an agreement with the organization. favoritism in the treatment of its mCJJl• bShowing crs. Supportin m b . g a labor organization by granting its m~~nel'3 . the use of company facilities such .as m g lists, office space mimeographing eqwpent, telephoning, etc. , P •• ramng a labor organization in public. The above been . . acts on the part of employers have been take into consideration by the Board and have regarded as eV1"dence of employer domination and FORMING AN ORGANIZATION support, Each case, says the Board, 1?ust be "decided the basis of all the facts and circumstances in0 :Jved. It is impossible briefly to summarize all the ;onsiderations that have entered in the decisions of indivi"duaI cases"" • While professional employees cannot prevent management from engaging in any of the above practices, they can refuse to be a party to them and may quite properly call management's attention to the Board's attitude with respect to any or all of them. Particular attention is called to item 7 of the second list of criteria. In the light of the Board's attitude towards recognition without certification, professional employees should insist that the majority status of their labor organization be determined by agencies of the Board before engaging in collective bargaining. It should be recognized that the framers of the Act regarded the company-dominated union as a device of employers to forestall the formation of legitimate labor unions by their employees. Undoubtedly the Board, in dealing with the actions of employers which it regards as interference or domination, examines them in the light of their effect upon the freedom of action of employees while exercising their rights under the Act. Great care should be exercised by the bargaining agency not only in conforming with the Board's criteria but in scrupulously maintaining its real independence. It may be very difficult for an organization to establish its actual independence once the fact of company domination has been established.15 The position of the Board as summarized by itself follows: 6 "~hen an employee representation plan or company u.n1on has been dissolved, and succeeded by an ostcn• sibly independent union the Board mwt decide on the basis of the entire rcco;d whether the new union i., a genuinely different and unassisted labor organization. Identity of officers and leaders of both organizatioru, similarity in structure, by-laws and constitutions, trans• fer of 3"eU from the old to the new organization, and fav~ritism by the employer to the new organization iu against a rival union have all been found in various Ca&es to indicate continued company domination". . Attention should also be called to the Board's ruling "that a union which, in its collective bargaining con~acts and representative practices, discriminates against employees in the bargaining unit in regard to t~nure of employment, rates of pay, or other substantive condi· • of race, tions of employment on the bas1s 43 co_Ior, or creed, will not be permitted to secure or re~ ~e Boru:d's certification as a statutory represen. tati_ve • It..Pomts out that a statutory representative is obliga~ed to r~pr~e.nt all members of the unit equally and without discnmmation on the basis of race color or creed"'Th • e Board, however, "has held Ithat a' statutory bargaining agent may segregate racial groups ~thin its membership into separate but equally privileged locals or branches of its organization''.& In handling this issue the Board states that it "will scrutinize the contract and conduct of a representative organization and withhold or withdraw its certification if it finds that the organization has discriminated against employees in the bargaining unit through ii! membership restrictions or otherwise".D Informal Canvass of Attitudes of Professional Employees Having a knowledge of the requirements which a labor organization must meet in order to qualify for certification, the professional employees now may determine how their associates feel about organization and collective bargaining. The canvass may be conducted at luncheons, on street cars, bll5Ses, or automobiles going to and from work, or at the employees' homes. It should make available the names and position of eligible professional employees and their attitude towards organization and collective bargaining. The professional employees may be classified as follows: ( r ) those opposed to any form of ~~tion, (2) those favoring an independent orgaruzatJon of professional employees, (3) those sympathetic towards ~filiation with a strong national union, (4) those with no definite opinion, (5) those unwilling to commit themselves, and (6) those who because of absence from work have not been interviewed. Preparation of Statement on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees While the canvass is being conducted, two or three interested individuals may want to p~pare a brief statement clearly setting forth the expenence of d the National Labor Reprofessional employees un er uld int out ( l) the Jations Act. The statement sho po . events which have led to the contemplated action, �FORMING AN ORGANIZATION 44 FORMING AN ORGANIZATION ( 2) the CJ..-perience of professional employees with heterogeneous bargaining units embracing sub-professional and professional employees and sometimes clerical and even production employees, (3) the advantages and disadvantages of various types of bargaining agencies, (4) the rights of professional employees under the Wagner Act, and (5) the bargaining unit and other recommendations which seem advisable under existing conditions.10 One of the recommendations should be the establishment of a Provisional Committee for the Organization of Professional Employees which should be authorized to conduct the organizing campaign and to suggest measures necessary for the protection of the interests of professional employees. Establishment of Provisional Committee on the Organization of Professional Employees The list of professional employees previously prepared should now be examined. From this list the names of supervisory and confidential employees should be removed.11 This precaution seems advisable in those instances in which an independent labor organization is being formed notwithstanding the Board's statement that "a union is not disqualified to act as the bargaining agent of nonsupervisory employees merely because it may have a few supervisory employees as members".12 It is obvious that the circumstances tend to make an independent union subj ect to more alert scrutiny than is apt to be the case with affiliates of national organizations. For this reason every effort should be made to keep the bargaining ag~ncy independent in fact. Those employees on the list who have CJ..-pressed an interest in the formation of an independent labor organization may now be invited to an informal meeting. Use of company facilities for holding or announcing the meeting should be avoided. The purpose of the meeting should be to determine whether in the opinion of those attending an effort should be made to establish an independent organization of professional employees. The material in the Statement on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees referred to above should be helpful in presenting the case for organization. After the pros and cons have been carefully considered, those present should be given an opportunity to endorse or reject, by secret ballot, the contemplated course of action. No attempt should be made to force a favorable decision. Should the majority support the program, the next item on the Agenda would be the formation of a Provisional Committee on the Organization of Professional Employees. To preclude later charges of undemocratic tactics, it is suggested that candidates be nominated from the floor. The chairman should first point out the advantages of adequate representation for various occupational groups and departments, and a satisfactory basis of representation should be agreed upon before the nominations are opened. Unless the number of candidates exceeds the number of members desired, those present may indicate their approval by acclamation or a show of hands. The duties of the Provisional Committee are numerous. It must ( 1) work out the procedure to be followed in winning the support of those professional employees who are neutral or are opposed to an independent labor organization; (2) it must overcome the technical difficulties which arise in obtaining approval of the desired bargaining unit; (3) in the event that a competing labor organization asks the National Labor Relations Board for certification before the professional employees are organized, it must be pre~ pared to present the case of the professional employees and to seek the right to intervene at any hearings involving professional employees; (4) it should supervise the preparation of bulletins and releases for eligible employees, the first draft of a constitution and by-laws, as well as application blanks, official ballots, ~d numerous other forms needed during the organJZIDg process; and (5) prepare the N.L.R.B. petition for certification and its supporting statement. As the name suggests, the Provisional Committee is a tempor~ a~ency which will function until a going labor orgaruzation has been established. The Provisional Committee will, of course, work through subcommittees, the number of which will dep~d upon the amount of time available for organization purposes. At least three subcommittees are suggested: one on membership, one to prepare the first draft of a constitution and by-laws and a third to . d_et~e the composition of the ;roposed bargaming urut. with Regional Director of the Conference N•L.R.B. ·tuations in which a competing · lab or In those s1 • b R . h petitioned the Nat:J.onal La or e~.-.;.,auon as • b f th orgoue ore e . ns Board £or maJ' ority representation . • • latlo .. nal Committee has completed its orgaruzation Prov1s10 C rornittee should confer with the Regional O work, the ting the views of the professional emDirector, prdesenlling his attention to the organizational loyees an ca. D • th P .. -~ which they have undertaken. unng e the Provisional Committee might well activitl conference, . l d the . the rights of professional emp oyees un er discuss A t ascertain the Director's concept of an Wagner. t c grouping , • th err • s1tua • tion, of employees m appropna e • ti seek to obtain unofficial analysis of their tenta ve . . 't 'i n the light of Board precedent and bargauung uru th • determine the steps it should take to protect e mterests of its constituents. It should be noted that the Board has permi!ted professional employees to be represented at h:~gs by a committee which is not a labor orgaruzation within the meaning of the Act and, therefore, could not seek a place on the ballot in the event that an election is ordered.13 Such Intervenors have b_een admitted to help the Board determin~ th: appropnate unit. The importance of intervention m s":c~ proceedings is clearly revealed by a study of decmons of the National Labor Relations Board. The.Board has taken the position that it cannot be expected to look out for the interests of a particular group of emplo,y~es • raise • d du ring unless the question of those interests is • l • 'the the hearings, preferabl,y by those invo ved in proceedings. The Subcommittee on Membership Working under the general direction of . the Provisional Committee the membership subcoIOlD.lttee should prepare an o;en Letter to Professional Employees which should set forth in a terse manner the type of information contained in the Statement on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees which was previously prepared. This letter sh~uld present not only the contemplated course of ~ctio~, but convincing reasons as to why such action 15 necessary and the measures proposed to effectuate the program. It should not be more than three or four pages in length, should be an objective statement, and as far as possible supported by facts and actual cases. 45 Following the release of the open letter, the committee, assisted by selected professional employees who wholeheartedly support the proposed program, should ·personally interview all eligible persons. A special effort should be made to win the support of professional engineers who by their competence and personal qualities have won the respect ~~ c?n• fidence of their fellow employees. The participation of these individuals may favorably influence the decisions of those who are uncertain or extremely cautious. The interviewers should exercise patience in dealing with eligible candidates who oppose ~e proposed course of action. Many of them ~ have deep-seated convictions growing out of education an~ training their experience in the past and their tempera'ment. The only hope of obtaining t:1eir s~pport is to present clearly and ~ y ~e 1SSUes mvolved what failure to take action will mean, the limitations of other courses of action, and the persons in the organization who are supporting the p~ogram, The method of the interviewer, of course,. will ~ with the type of individual with whom he J.S dealing. It often pays to be-a "good listener". It seldom helps to contradict or disagree. Frequently, best results can be obtained after the candidate has ~ad ~ opportunity to state his objections in full, with: mterruptions or even as the result of tactful prod g. been interviewed and who Each person who bas , willingness to support the proposed orgam· expresses a . an Authorization Card Provisional Comzation should be asked t? 51gn which states that he designates the £ callee • r the purpose o • mittee as his representative ior • tion . b • • g until the proposed labor orga:mza ttve argamm I • • portant tablished (see Form i) . t J.S un • t, his name and to has b een es • t write, not pnn for the 51gner 0 • . he affixed his signature. insert the date o~ whi~ h uld also be entered The name of the mterviewer s o opposite "witness"· ard vill ''not proIt should be noted that the Belo . , unless the . • ti.on and ecuon ceed with an . mvestiga rima facie showing that petitioning uruon makes ~ number of employees, it represents a substanti . . vote is likely to sufficient to indicate that a ni:1or_:~\ rule the Board ~...-..ining agent • =, • be cast for a b....o--;-: roduce specific evidence, uires "that the petitioner P. . • that it reprereq . . cards mdicaung . such as authorization ' t of the employees m sents approximately 30 per cen a.i _____ ____. llllllliiil �46 FORMING AN ORGANIZATION FORMING AN ORGANIZATION AUTIIORIZATION CARD I, the Ulldersigned, hereby designate the Provisional Committee on the Organization of Profes1ional Employ~ of the . .... . .... •• ••• •• • Company 35 my representative for collective b:ir• gaining until the labor organization which it is sponsoring is form:illy cstablishcd. . Signature .. . .. . ..... . .....•.••• Position Title . . .. . ..... . .. .... •• D:ite ... .. ... . .... . . ... . . ,vimcss . . .... .. ... .. ......... . area. It is suggested b . . . that the subcomm.itteeotain a ozen constitutions of various types f a hlfd 0 organizations. labor An analysis of the constitutions of s· 1 bo . . f f . lX a ro garuzations or pro ess1onal employees d"1scloses thr. subject matter treated therein. The items e considered include: commonly 1. Name of organization. !2. Objectives or purposes sought. 3. Membership. Usually the constitutions specify the q alifi • for a_dmission to membership. Less u frc C::tions they include provisions for resignations ~ ently reasons. for as well as the procedure to roi/ ~ e suspcnSJon, canceJlation of membership dow .m statment. • an rem- Form 1 the bargaining unit".tt The goal sought should be a substan~al majority of all eligible candidates. To win an ~ection _the petitioning labor organization must obtain a tnaJority of the votes cast. 4· Meetings. Time and notice of meetings quorum d ' an_ procedure for calling special m~ bcrsh"ip meetings. 5. Executive Board. A3 • • • designate the tenure f :>.Iiirule• .the constitutions O c;s, ~e of meeting, and duties of mcm• rs. ometllnes they also specify the quorum procedure for resignations, basis for removal fro~ office£ vdo~~' ncces_sary to decide issues, and the man• ner O e.uing with expenses. Officers. Name • an d f unctionJ • . offices• d u tics of officen d th of CU' tenure and eligibility. ' an be Subcommittee on Constitution and By-Laws ~ organization must have a constitution to function effectively. The constitution embodi th fun?amental ~rinciples and policies which es e bas1S for establishin th . . serve as a g e organization and a gw·de to th e officers and membershi • • decisions and •·,_,_ . P m making 1g action. Many org • • which contain rul d an~tions adopt by-laws ad.minis·tr ti" f esth an regulations that facilitate the a on o e organizati , • . and meetings. on s penodic activities = Because \he drafting of a constitu • . and the formal establishm tion takes time • • ent of a labor O must await its adoption the p . . rgantzation should appoint the Subc' _rovmonal Committee ommittee on C • • andBy-Laws as soon as poSSI'ble. onstitution The constitution of the D and Power Professional Engmeers . e~artment As • of • Water prod. uced in Appendix C. This so~ia~on is r~ O affiliate of the Southern Calif . tganlzation is an gineers Associati"on Th o_nua Professional En • e constituti regarded as a model. In fac . on should not be for independent labor org~~ would be unwise same pattern or use the ons to follow the same Phraseol tended _only as a general guide whi ogy. It is inthe subject matter to be dealt "th ch may suggest which it is generally organized w~ ~d the form in be tailor made so that the :11 onstitutions should conditions prevailing in y ~ meet the needs and a given establishment or 6. 7. Election of Officers. Mretbod, notice and time of elections eligibility o voters! proccd urc for nommations, • • • method and 0 f counting ballots. 8. Referendum. Questions • d or reqwrc• mcnts for which b . .may be sub m1ttc . . su 11USS1on as well as method of sub?llSSJboalln and procedure to be followed in count• ing ots. 9. Financ,s. Usually the co ns,: • • • • ...tutions deal with applicauon ral-cy ecs for mcmbc hi f . n P dues, emergency a.sscssxnents, pen· method to. pay du~s, pay of oflicen! and andling receipts and cxpcnditurCS· Less frc 0 qucntly reference is made to the bonding Of ofli. ccrs• au di· ting of accounts procedure to fol• lo w check ID regard to d ucs of unemployed • mcmben, the .,.,.ft:.~ . -off, and fccs to be paid to parent or· a .........tlon. 3/1~ 10. II, Collective Bargaining. :dadrul_e th e constitutions merely list the nll!Jle Two ~tJ~ 0 ~ the collective bargaining agCDC1• barg . _nsbhltions designate the unit for collective ~ng. One coiutituti cilicall requireS executive board approval on shi andspc anothery member· P approval of the collective bargaining contract. Amendment of Constitution. One or two of these constitutions provide for an aruzational seal; specify the procedure to follow org individual members subDUt • gnevances • • 1vmg • mvo n h we li th th organization, its officers or members; out ne e ~cedure for enacting and amending by-laws; list pr · • d uties; • des1gnate • the standing comnnttees and their the officers who are eligible to sign organization documents; specify the location of the main office where two or more chapters exist; and lay down policy with respect to strikes and affiliation with other labor organizations. It is hardly necessary to suggest that tl}e Subcommittee in drafting its constitution take into consideration the growing criticism levelled at labor organizations which have centralized great power in a single person or the executive board of the organization. Professional employees should insist upon constitutional safeguards which will ensure democratic administration of their labor organization.1 G The Subcommittee on the Bargaining Unit Unless the new organization of professional employees is recognized as the bargaining agent for the bargaining unit embracing the professional employees, it will have no practical value. In the event of a representation dispute, it will be designated as the bargaining agency by the Board only if the bargaining unit sought conforms with the requirements established by the National Labor Relations Board. Generally speaking, the Subcommittee should not expect to bring all professional employees in the establishment into one bargaining unit. This goal is usually unattainable for several reasons. In the first place, professional employees engaged in confidential or supervisory positions should be excluded. In the second place, professional employees who are employe~ on jobs for which professional training is not essential are seldom eligible for inclusion in a unit of professional employees. Lastly, bargaining units are not composed of individuals based on individual qualifications, such as education, experience, and related_ fa~tors, but classifications of employees engaged m similar or related work. . The Subcommittee therefore must think in terms A unit, says the Board, "delineated, ' • bof Jobs. . upon the di~ of the scholastic (or equivalent) history of inVJ. ~l employees rather than on the basis of their f unction• wou Id •m our op1ruon • • be unworkable and 47 inappropriate for collective bargaining purposes".10 For 1?~t reas~n the Board refused to recognize the bargamm~ umt recommended by labor organizations of professional employees in at least two instances. In the Matter of Curtiss-Wright Corporation the Board refused to include the name of the organization on the ballot, 11 and in the Matter of Southern California Gas Company it delineated a new unit on the basis of functions, placed the name of the Association on the ballot and, when it received the majority of the votes cast, certified it as the bargaining agent.18 Thus, jobs and functions and not individuals constitute the point of attack in determining a tentative bargaining unit. The position taken by the Board with respect to bargaining units for professional employees, as revealed by its decisions, may be helpful to those who have been assigned the task of determining a tentative unit. The Board has developed rules which it generally applies to the following situations: ( r) where a labor organization seeks to bring office and subprofessional employees into a unit with production and maintenance workers, ( 2) where the labor organization desires to place professional, subprofessional and clerical employees in a single unit, and (3) where the unit sought would combine professional and sub-professional employees in one bargaining unit. The Board has repeatedly expressed the opinion that "in the absence of persuasive reasons to the contrary'' clerical, (not plant clerical who work with production workers and under the same supervision) and sub-professional and professional workers "are normally segregated from production and main~ nance workers".19 It has refused to include professional employees in such units in those ~es.in w~ch they have intervened and protested their incl~1on. Cases in which the Board has included professional employees in the same unit with p~uction :'°d maintenance are the exception: usually Ill those situ· ations in which professional employees have requested such action or in which the two parties to the dispute have agreed upon a bargaining ~t and ~o group of employees in the bargaining U01t has raised formal = objections.20 bThe record discloses that professio~ and s~ professional employees have been iacl~ded ~ ing units with clerical employees p~Yth . ·t. they have not challenged their inclusion in e ~ The Board states that "in the absence of persuasive �FORMING AN ORGANIZATION ~ 49 FORMING AN ORGANIZATION reasons to the contrary . . . technical workers are usually segregated ... £rom clerical employees if any • separanon • " •21 One interested party argues for thCU' can with safety assume the same position woul~ be taken by the Board with respect to professional employees. There should be no difficulty in those instances in which professional employees seek representation in a bargaining unit which excludes production, maintenance, and clerical workers provided they intervene before the situation becomes crystallized. It should be pointed out, however, that once professional employees have been included in a heterogeneous hargaining unit, it is extremely difficult for them to withdraw from it for the purpose of establishing a separate bargaining unit of professional employees. The determination of a bargaining unit which excludes technical or sub-professional employees is a more difficult problem. The difficulty does not arise out of the unwillingness of the Board to designate a bargaining unit of professional employees only. It has done so in a number of instances. In two cases a committee representing professional employees-not a labor organization-was permitted to intervene. In both cases . the . committee demonstrated that the work of its constituents was different in function fr that of technical employees. As a result, the Bo: o~dered Globe elections so that it could determine the wishes of these professional employees.22 ~n another case, after the Board had establish d a unit of technical and professional employees but e before the ordered election had been held •• filed b th , a petition Y e employer and objections filed b of professional employees caused th Body a group sider its d • • e ar to recontechnical ecis;on and to order separate elections for ch . emp oyees on the one hand and prof • l emists and engineers on the other.!!8 ess1ona It is apparent, therefore that the diffi confronts professional empl ' . . culty which b . . . . oyees m seeking a se a.rgammg urut is not the attitud f parate one challenges its dAc:_,ti. f e o the Board, unless =iuonoab •• • obstacle which sometun · es • argaming urut. The • th . . 1s very difficu) lS e similarity of d ti' d t to overcome u es an respo 'bill' • work performed by th llSl ties in the Unl ese two group Of . ess the work of prof • nal s employees. m function from that ~1oteC:ployees is different Board cannot lnmcaII lace cal employees the • -c:,• YP prof • ' m a separate category for coll . ess1onaI employees poses. It cannot do so because ~~tidvefinbargaining pur. e es a bargaining unit-not as a group of individuals wh0 · types of expenence • possess. cer. tam and meet certai ed and professional qualifications but-as 1 U~tional of employees engaged in similar or relatedc assification bargaining unit, may be of value to the Subcommittee. Th reasons which the Board believed appear to . ~y a separate bargaining unit for professional em24 ~%yees as disclosed by an analysis of six cases are: The Subcommittee may start its dete • . . . . rnunatton of a proposed b argauung urut by preparing a Iist • on which professional employees are workin of Jobs jobs may be classified in the following mann!·: These They perform theoretical rather than manipulative work. They a re responsible for their work. They perform work requiring greater use of judgment and discretion. They require less instruction and supervision. The)" arc engaged on work that requircl higher educational qualifications, such as a college degree or equivalent e>.-perience. They a re hired through the company's central office rather than at the plant where they will work. They have greater possibilities for advancement. In general, they receive higher salaries. They :ire paid on a monthly rather than weekly b:i.sis. They have no fixed maximium or minimum wage r:ite. t . WO~. I. ll, A. Jobs • . ch which unquestionably are profess1onal m aracter. B. Borderline jobs whose functions may not be regarded as professional. or may C. Jobs which are clearly nonprofessional in character. . 4 . 5 The_ Su~co~ttee undoubtedly will include Class A Jobs m their proposed bargaining unit. After a careful study of Class B jobs, it presumably would select those jobs which in its opinion ought to be in the bargaining unit and for which a case can be made. Since job functions constitute the basis on which the bargaining unit is constructed, jobs in Class C cannot be expected to qualify for the proposed bargaining unit. This does not mean, however, that the bargaining unit as finally determined by the Board would necessarily be composed exclusively of employees in qualified jobs because the Board sometimes adds those workers, few in number who directly or indirectly assist professional employ~ and who o~envise might have difficulty in obtaining representation. It should be noted also that all employees, other than those engaged on jobs of a supervisory or confidential nature, who are working on jobs assigned to the bargaining unit must be included in the proposed unit. It is apparent from what has been said that the delineation of a bargaining unit is complicated by the fact that employees who have not met professional standards sometimes work side by side with graduates of approved educational institutions or employees who have otherwise acquired professional status, . _The Subcommittee may have to justify the bar· gaming unit which it seeks to have established, For that r~on it may be advisable to support its peti~on for certification with a statement of the reasons which explain its choice of jobs. In this connection ~e reasons given by the Board in explanation of its decmon •~ to grant professional' employees the oppo~ .,,,_: d "de =ty, by means of a Globe election, to eci whether they want a separate or a heterogeneous 8. 6. 7. 9. 10. 9 ( ~) of the National_Labor Relation., Act, and requests the • Nanonal·rLabor hRelatJom . Board to mvesti=•• ,,_ such quauon and cert1 Y to t e parties the name or names of th . that h ave been designated or selected. e representatives 1. Name of employer.............................. . 2. Address(es) of cstabllihment(s) mvolved: Industry 4, EXCEPT FOR 5. These employees work together, the work of one group complementing that of the other. 2. The work of both is technical in nature. 3. Both have had technical education and experience. 4. The nonprofessional employees often advance to professional status. 5· Both groups are paid on a salary basis. 6. They enjoy the same privileges with respect to vacatio.ns and various benefit plans. Having determined a proposed bargaining unit, the Subcommittee should fill out a Petition for Certification of Representatives, a copy of which is reproduced. Copies of this form may be obtained from any Regional Office of the National Labor Relations Board. Number of employees in the alleged appropriate unit . ......................... ..................... (State here normal employment if establishment is not now operating) 6. The reasons given by the Board in these same six cases which support the claim for a single bargaining unit of both professional and technical employees are: 1. Bargaining unit which petitioner alleges to be app~ priate INCLUDES: • Are there any individuals or other labor orga.nizatiOD$ who claim to represent any employees in the alleged appropriate unit; or are there any collective bazgainmg contracts covering any such employees? ••••• • ••••• •• If so, state name and address of representative, aflilia. tion, if any, and expiration date of any contracts: Has the petitioner notified the employer of claim that a question concerning representation has arisen? •••••• If not, explain failure to do so. 8. Petitioner ...........••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ( State full name and affiliation, if any) DO NOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE. Case No...... R .• • • • By ..............••••••• ( Signature and title of peti• tioner's representative) Docketed cAdd~;>•• cT::i;~i:~~~ ii;.> Subscribed and sworn to before xne this • • • • • • day of ;; -~~•~~ •;i;; -~t a!r· d~;~~t'~. bi~~i~~- w;~ti~ and belief. ... ... B;a·rd. ~e-~t· ~; ·N~~ ~bli~ •••••• NOTE: Petitioner should submit with this petiti~:r examination by Board agents, (I) de! cards designation cards, or other proo o I~ . .! as b.,...,,;ning agent by any emp O)-CCS 1gnauon _,,_ . •• d (2) an within the alleged appropnat~ uru_., an . • alphabetical list of such d ~3 uons, 1.DcJuding dates thereof. f~· NLRB-502 (4-30-46) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD PETITION FOR CERTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVES p .. has e_llttoner alleges that a question affecting conuncrce th aruen concerning the representation of employees of e cmplo~er named below, within the meanmg of Section (SUBMIT ORIGINAL AND THR,BE COPIES OF THIS PETITION) U. S. Govenunent Printin8 Office 16-45149-2 - �FORMING AN ORGANIZATION FORMING.AN ORGANIZATION This petition should be accompanied with a hi h ummarizes the events supporting statement w c s . ti n leading up to the·formation of the labor orgaruza o. of professional employees, the objectives of the zation the detailed description of the propose . a~. . ' unit a statement of the reasons why it lS gammg ' • cards contammg • • the origin'al authorization sought, the • the signatures, an alphabetical list of em_p_Ioy~es m bargaining unit who authorized the petitioning agency to represent them, and the percentage that the 1:11~mbership constitutes of the total number of eligible professional employees. It is understood, of course, that both the proposed bargaining unit and ~e sup~orting state?1ent should be submitted for consideration and modification or approval first by the Provisional Commit~ee, and later the full membership of the new organization. Lastly, the proposed bargaining unit should n~t be defined in the Constitution until the labor orgaruzation has been designated as the bargaining agency. It may be necessary to modify the proposed bargaining unit in subsequent discussions with the Board. o::u- Organization Meetings When the Subcommittee on Membership has obtained the support of a majority of the employees in the proposed bargaining unit, sooner if events make such action advisable, all eligible employees should be invited to a meeting to hear the report of the Provisional Committee on the Organization of Professional Employees. Since a copy of the Open Letter to Professional Employees has previously been mailed to all eligible voters, further e>.-planations of the purpose of the meeting should not be necessary. . At the meeting the Committee might review bnefly the problem confronting professional employees, the possible courses of action the advantages ~d ~advantages of each, and the p;oposed bargainmg urut. The findings and recommendations should then be presented. A frank discussion of all the issues should be encouraged. If deemed advisable . f , a representative o a labor organization of professional employees from a nearby establishment may b . . d to relate the experiences of his organizati e _mthvitel lecti b • • on Wl co ve _argammg and to review the steps taken by his associates in establishing th.,;. . . = association. After a full discussion of the pertinent the Chairm matters, an may suggest that action be taken on the recommendations of the Provisional CoIIlJnitte Unless objections ar~ raised, a ballot prepared in a: vance of the meeting should be distributed. Th ballot may list the possible courses of action tha~ might be taken so that voters may consider all possibilities and select the one they prefer, or it may simpl afford them an opportunity to indicate whether th/ favor the formation of an independent labor organ{. zation of professional employees and, in the event they do, whether they would join such an organization and give it their support. The ballot should request the signature, the name of the department, and the position title of each voter. Because some voters may wish to give the matter further consideration, selfaddressed envelopes should accom pany the ballots. The Provisional Committee with the assistance of two or three additional employees selected from those present at the meeting should tabulate the votes and announce the results either by mail or at the ne..xt meeting. If a majority approves the establishment of an independent labor organization, the date for the n ext meeting sh ould be set and a copy of the proposed constitution mailed with the notice of the meeting. At the second organization meeting, the proposed constitution should be the principal item on the agenda. Each provision of the constitution should be discussed and suggested modifications and additions carefully considered. Notes should be taken of the discussion so that the Subcommittee on the Constitution and By-Laws will have the information _on which to revise the constitution in accordance with .• n the wishes of those present. If a difference of opllllO arises with respect to any article or section and more than one clause or solution is suggested, all propos~ should. be included in the revised constitution an listed as possible choices from which one is to be selected. If a nominating committee is to be used in connection with the election of officers and represdenta: • • . 1 d. accor anc tlves, 1t should be appointed or e ecte J.Il titu· with the procedure specified in the propose? cons this tion before the meeting is adjourned. Action_at the meeting will reduce the time needed to bnng organization into being. ed en- The revised constitution, a. self-a_ddr:: notice velope, and a ballot should be mailed with ed to of the next meeting. All voters should be ~:ie It return their ballots by mail as soon as possi • uld be noted that each article must be approved ~oarately before the constitution can be adopted. A 5 p of a written ballot used by one group of procop: nal engineers is reproduced as Appendix D. To f ess10 . th . b . . ensure that only employees m e tentative argammg unit vote, the name of each voter should be typed on the ballot sent to him. Assuming that the constitution has been adopted, the first item on the agenda ~f t:ie :hlrd organiza. al meeting should be the distribution and collecoon hi Th li • e app cation tion of applications for members p. blank should request certain identifying information (name, address, telephone number, date of birth, etc.), the name of the applicant's employ:1', _the position h eld, his signature, ~d _the date of s1~g. Since membership in orgaruzat:J.ons of professional employees is in part based on education and experience the blank should provide space for reporting esse~tial information concerning the educational and job history of the applicant. Finally, the application blank may carry a statement to the effect that the applicant, if admitted, agrees to subscribe to the provisions of the constitution. Appendix E reproduces the "Application for Membership" of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association. When the membership has been determined by an examination of the application blanks filled in at the meeting, the report of the nominating committee becomes the next major item on the agenda. If elections are to be held at this meeting, an official election ballot should have been prepared in advance. If time permits, the election is frequently held by mail. Appendix F reproduces a copy of a ballot used by an association of engineers and engineering assist• ants in a Philadelphia company. When the votes cast in the election have been tabulated, the newly elected officers take over all the responsibilities of the Provisional Committee. In most instances, many of the members of the Committee Would serve as officers and representatives of the ne':"' organization. As a result, the conduct of the organization's affairs should not be materially affected. The official installation of the officers should take place at a later meeting. Determination of Majority for Representation Purposes The organization now has two immediate objectives to attain: designation of its organization as the 51 representative of the employees in the proposed bargaining unit and a collective bargaining contract with the employer. The first step to be taken is to write a letter to the employer calling his attention to the fact that the organization represents a majority of the employees in the positions and departments or divisions included in the proposed bargaining unit and requesting a meeting with an authorized representative of the Company for the purpose of negotiating a contract with respect to wages, hours, and working conditions. At this meeting the employee representatives may be able to convince the employer that they represent a majority of the employees in the unit. In that event, assuming that no other labor organization seeks to represent them, the employer may recognize the organization without majority determination by the National Labor Relations Board. Frequently, after ascertaining the composition of the bargaining unit proposed by the organization, he will_ refuse recognition until the organization has been designated by the Board. From the standpoint of the labor organization, the latter course of action is mor_e desirable. Informal recognition without a detemunation by the Board leaves the organization m?re vulnerable to a challenge on the part of a competmg organization. For that reason, the representatives of the professional employees may want t? maneuver the negotiations so that the employer ~ request a determination of majority representation by the Board. • of th A petition must be filed with the Director . e Re •onal Office of the National Labor Relatio~ gid • the area in which the establishment IS Boar m • has t done located. If the Provisional Committee no I •h legal counse to so previously, it may WlS to engage . hich no handle its case with the Board. In cases m '; . . . . eting for certification, other labor orgaruzation IS comp ffi f an Ano cer o such action may not be necessary. eriorganization of professional employe_es whose exp ds ertification, recommen ence covers more than one c f his knowledge of the that legal counsel, because o Io ed when bearBoard's rules of procedure, be emp y !?6 In those in before the Board become necessai;:- o aniza. gs . • hich two or more competmg rg situations m w. . egal counsel or a consultant tl·ons seek certification, I • desira ' ble would seem to be highly • .' .r Certification • • the Petition IOr Before subIXUtting . rtin statement, the of Representatives and its supfamili~e themselves officers may find. it helpful to I �FORMING AN ORGANIZATION 53 FORMING AN ORGANIZATION with the procedure followed by the Board in h~dling representation cases. In that event they may W1Sh t~ reread the description on that aspect of the Boards work in Chapter I (pp. 15 to 28, inclusive) ~d the Board's Rules and Regulations, a copy of which may 'be obtained at one of its regional offices. If another labor organization is interested in representing the professional employees, the new organization may find itself confronted with two difficulties: ( 1) challenge of the unit sought and (2) a possible challenge of the legal status of its organization on the ground that it is employer encouraged and dominated. The first difficulty can be met by carefully defining the unit in functional terms, and by a willingness to accept modifications of its proposed unit when the Board's requirements make such action advisable. A charge of employer domination is much less likely than a challenge of the bargaining unit. The status of the Central Ohio Group of Professional Engineering Employees, however, was challenged by the AFL on the grounds that the American Society of Civil Engineers-including employers as members and officers-was instrumental in its establishment. The Board never decided this question because the unit sought by the Group was found inappropriate.2 0 The Association of Industrial Scientists, at Shell Development Company, was also challenged as an employer-dominated organization by the Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians c.1.0.21 ' A challenge of this nature is a serious matter b~~e the ~oard will not consider a representation F'.etition unri! the charge has been investigated, a bme-cons~g process. Fortunately, this practice is the exception and not the rule. It is interesting to n~te that after the res~arch and development engineers at the RCA Victor Division of the R di . fAm . a o Corporation o enca rejected a heterogeneous unit under F AECT representation the engineerin g memfhers. of F AECT . decided that their best course o action was active participation in th • d . e m epend ent Wll0n that was then proposed and later certified. Once the organization has been d • b · · . . es1gnated the ~gchauunghagent, ~t IS ready to undertake the function w sue .·thagencies perform' namelY, t o negotiate • a contract Wl the employer. Subsequent cha ters • • formulating p will deal with the procedure followed 10 d mands, the purpose of collective bar=;.,;,.. th ec -....g, e con- tent of the collective bargaining contract, and th rocess of negotiating and administering such con-e P tracts. presented to the Wartirn Labor Relations Board by the "Fourteen Societies" c January 9th, 1945. The Engineering J ournal, Jan:~ ary 1945, PP· 49.51. 1 Brief on Collective Bargaining 2 See Appendix B for list of na tional a nd regional unio and associations serving as bargaining agents for p: fcssional employees. s Annual reports of the National Labor Rela tions Board especially its report for the fiscal year ending in 1942: pp. 45 to 46. f Seventh Annual Report of the National Labor R elations Board for th e ~is~al Year Ended June 30, 1942, U. S. Government Pnntmg Office, Washington, D. C., p. 42. ~ Sec Matter of Dade Drydock Co., 58 NLRB 833 and Matter of the Standard Oil Company of Ohi~, 63 NLRB 990. In these two cases the Bo:ird refused to entertain "petitions of organizations found to be successors to organizations previously ordered disestablished in proceedings involving violation of section 8 (2) of the Act'' . (Tcntli Annual R eport of th, National Labor R elations Board, Fiscal Y ear Ended June 30, 1945, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1946, p. 17 and footnote 8.) data and do not assist and act in a confidential capacity io a managerial employee in th, field of labor relations, (To the extent that Matter of the Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 60 NLRB 626, Matter of Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corp., 54 NLRB 1031 and similar cases arc inconsistent with the views expressed above, they arc hereby overruled.)" 12 Tenth Annual Report of the National Labor R,lations Board, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1945, U. S. Govemrnent P.rinting Office, Washington, D. C., footnote 8, page 17. 1s Sec Radio Corporation of America, RCA V ictor Division (4-R-1 429). 14 Tentli Annual R eport of the National Labor Rtlations Board, Fiscal Y ear Ended J une 30, 1945, U. S. Government Prillting Office, Washington, D. C., page 16 and footnote 7. 15 The Subcommittee may wish to refer to Democracy in Trade Unions, American Civil Liberties Union, 170 Fifth Avenue, New York 101 Nov. 1943. This publication surveys the practices of trade unions and recommends provisions which make for their democratic functioning. 10 Matter of Curtiss-Wright Corporation, 9-R•1738, August 1945, 63 NLRB No. 30. 11Ibid. 18 Case 21-R-3811, January 1946, 65 NLRB No. 90. o Ibid., p. 17. 1 I bid., p. 17. Sec also Matter of Laru.s & Brother Co., I nc., 62 NLRB 1075. p. 18 See Matter of A tlanta Oak Flooring Co., 62 NLRB 973. 8 Ibid., o Ibid., p. 18. 10 Sec chapters 1, 3, and 5 of Part I for basic material to be used in preparing this statement. 11 ln the Matter of Ford Motor Company 13-R-3219, the Board found it necessary to dctcmw'ic whether tiine study employees were either managerial or confidential employees. In its decision the Board stated : "It is our intention to limit the term 'confidentiaf so ~ to embrace only those employees who assist and act m a .confidential capacity to persons who e;c,rci.s• 'managenal' fu nctions in the field of labor relations. "We do not believe that the duties of time study CXD· ploye_~, when viewed in the light of the fore~oing definitton_s, warrant a finding that they arc t1th~ 'managcnal' or 'confidential'. The comJilon denoJlll• nator of all time study pcnonnel is their pcrfot1JJaJ1CC 0_f fact-finding duties through means of time an? Jll01:lon .s~dics which arc utilized by management ID de· temwung techniques of production and rates of pay. 1:Jle performance of these functions alone is not suBi· 1 cicnt to warrant their exclwion. They cannot be : • garded as fonnulating determining and ,f!ectualltll "!4nage'!lent policies, tor they merely supply in{orrr_sz: ~ion wh_ich may b, us,d by the employer in establis ing folicy regarding labor relations. Nor can theY be co?ud~red as 'confidential' in as much as they 1.ate pnmarily concerned with the gatherillg of techn cal 10 T,nth Annual Report of the National Labor Relations Board, Fiscal Year Ended June so, 1945, p. 35• See also Matier of Ward L1onard Electric Co., 59 NLRB 1305 ; Matter of Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., I nc., 60 NLRB 559; Matter of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Rayon Division, 62 NLRB 146; M atter of Savage Anns Corp., 62 NLRB 1156; Matter of Rockford Scr,w Products Co., 62 NLRB _1430; and Matier of Prader and Gamble Manufactunng Co., 62 NLRB 1262 • 20 See Matter of Willys Overland Motors, Ine., R.-829, Nov. 17, 1938, 9 NLRB 924,. and Jan. 18, 1939, 10 NLRll 160; Matter of Enterprise Wheel & Car Corporation, R:-4999, Mar. 26, 1913, 48 NLRB 644; and Malter of Simmonds Aerocessones, I nc., R-3846-8, July 8 19+2 42 NLRB 179. ' ' 21 Tenth Annual Report of the Nalional Labor Relations Board, Fiscal Year Ended June 90, 1945, p. 35. Sec also Matter of Curtiss-Wright Corp., 63 NLRll 207 and cases cited therein (footnote 14), and Matter of Continental Steel Corp., 61 NLRB 97. 2 2 Mattu of Shell Dev,lopment Co., Inc., R-3245, Jan. 13, 1942, 38 NLRB 192 and Matter of Radio Corporation of America, RCA Division, 4-R-1429, Aug. 301 194-4, 57 NLRB I 729. 2ll Matter of Aluminum Company of America, ,t al., 6·Ri o5 i, 1077-9, May 10, 1945, 61 NLRB 1066 and 62 NLRB 318. 2" The previously cited cases of Shell Development Company, Radio Corporatioo of America, and Aluminum Company of America; and Malter of Monsanto Chemical Co. (1R-1626, Dec. 11, 1943, 53 NLRB 1283), General El,ctric Company (4.R-1948, July 6, 1944, 57 NLRB 81 ), and Lockhud Aircraft Corporation (21-R2 213, 2355, Oct. 20, 1944, 58 NLRB 1188). 25 Green Sterling S.: "Professional Engineen in Southern California Fonn Bargaining Units", Cioil Engintering, May 1946, p. 213. 26 Matter of Curtis~-Wright Corporation (9-R-1738, August 19451 63 NLRB No. 30). 27 Wagner, H. A.: "The Wagner Act and the Engineer", Profmional Engineer, J une 1945, P· 38. �...::::::. 55 Appendix A NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT (49 Stat. 449) D!PINfflONS AN ACT To diminish the causes of labor disputes burdening or obstructing interstate and foreign commerce to create a National Labor Relations Board, and for oilier purposes. Be it enacted by t/ie Senate and House of Representatives of the U nited States of America in Congress assembled, PINDlNOS ANO POLICY SECTION r. The denial by employers of the right of employees to organize and the refusal by employers to ac• eept the procedure of collective bargaining lead to strikes and other forms of industrial strife or unrest, which have the intent or the necessary effect of burdening or obstructing c_ommerce by_ (a) imp~n_g the efficiency, safety, or opera• !1on of the mstrumentalittes of commerce; (b) occurring m '?~ current of c?mmerce; (c) materially affecting, re• strauung, or controlling the Bow of raw materials or manufactured or processed goods from or into the channels of commerce, or the prices of such materials or goods in com~crce; or (d) causing diminution of employment and wages m such volume as substantially to impair or disrupt the market for goods Bowing from or into the channels of commerce. The inequality of bargaining power between employees ~ho do not possess full freedom of association or actual liberty of contract, and employers who are organized in the . ~rporate or other forms of ownership association substantially burdens and affects the Bow of commerce and tends to aggravate recurrent business depressions, b; depressing ~ge rates and the purchasing power of wage earners in industry and by preventing the stabilization of competitive wage_ rates and working conditions within and between industnes. . h Experience has proved that protection by law of the : t to employees to organize and bargain collectively C~ards commerce from injury, impairment, or inter?Upti?n, and promotes the flow of commerce by removing CCrtain recognized sources of industrial strife and unrest, by encouraging practices fundamental to the friendly adjustment of industrial disputes arising out of differences as to wagalie~, hours, or other working conditions, and by restoring cqlu ty of bargaining power between employers and emp oyees. Sta It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United st tes_ to eliminate the causes of certain substantial obe:~tions to the free Bow of commerce and to mitigate and en mate these obstructions when they have occurred by ~raging the practice and procedure of collective barfre d g and by protecting the exercise by workers of full repe om of_ association, self-organization, and designation of nc ~cn_tativcs of their own choosing, for the purpose of ot~~~ating the terms and conditions of their employment er mutual aid or protection. Ste. 2. When used in this Act( 1) The term ''person" includes one or more • di •d a}s, partnerships, associations, corporations, legal rep~i: tives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, or receivers. • ( 2 ~ The term "employer" includes any person acting m the m!erest of an employer, directly or indirectly, but shall_ ~o~ mclude the United States, or any State or political subdivmon thereof, or any person subjcc.t to the Railwa Labo~ A~t, as amended from time to time, or any Jabo~ organuatioi:i (o~er than when acting as an employer), or anyone actmg m the capacity of officer or agent of such labor organization. ( 3) The term "employee" shall include any employee, and shall not be limited to the employees of a particular employer, unless the Act explicitly states otherwise, and shall include any individual whose work has ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with any current labor dispute or because of any unfair labor practice, and who has not obtained any other regular and substantially equivalent employment, but shall not include any individual employed as an agricultural laborer, or in the domestic service of any family or person at his home, or any individual employed by his parent or spouse. (4) The term "representatives" includes any individual or labor organization. (5) The term ''labor organization" means any org;w• zation of any .kind, or any agency or employee reprcsenta• tion committee or plan, in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of deal· ing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours of employment, or conditions of work. (6) The term "commerce" means trade, traffic, commerce, transportation, or communication ~ong the se~ States or between the District of Columbia or any Tcmtory ;f the United States and any State or other Teff!tory, or between any foreign country and any State, ~ef!ltory, or the District of Columbia, or within . the . D15tnel of Columbia or any Territory, or between points ':° the same State but through any other State or any Terntory or the District of Columbia or any foreign country. ( 7) The term "affecting commerce" means in com• xncrce, or burdening or obstructing co~crce or the frc: flow of commerce, or having led or_ tending to lead tothc labor di$pute burdening or obstructing commerce or free fiow of co.mmcrcc. (8) The term ''unfair labor practice" means any un• fair labor practice listed in section 8. (9) The term "labor dispute" includes any controversy concerning terms, tenure, or conditions o_f ctn~l~~i::; : concerning the association or reprcsent:ition ° seeking 10 0 negotiating, fixing, m~tairuny, ::p=~t ~garc11css of O arrange terms or conditions • �• NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of . ,, employer and employee. ( 10) The term ''National Labor Rclauons Board means the National Labor Relations Board created by sec• tion 3 of this Act. ( 11) The term "old Bo:ird" means the Nation:il Labor Relations Board established by Executive Order Numbered 6763 of the President on June 29, 1934, pun uant to Public Resolution NUIDbered 44, approved June 19, 1934 (48 Stat. 1183), and reestablished and continued by Execu• tive Order Numbered 7074 of the President of June 15, 1935, pursuant to Title I of the National Indus0al Recovery Act (48 Stat. 195) as amended and conunued by Senate Joint Resolution 1331 approved June 14, 1935. 1 So in origin:il. NATIONAL LADO!\ 11.RLATIONS BOARD Sze. 3. (a) There is hereby created a board, to be known as the "National Labor Relations Board" (herein• after referred to as the ''Board"), which shall be composed of three members, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. One of the original members shall be appointed for a tenn of one year, one for a term of three years, and one for a term of five years, but their successors sha11 be appointed for terms of five years each, except that any individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed only for the unexpired term of the member whom he shall succeed. The President shall designate one member to ,crve as the chairman of the Board. Any member of the Board may be removed by the President, upon notice and hearing, for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, but for no othe1 cause. . (b) A vacan_c~ in the Board shall not impair the nght of the rcmauung members to exercise all the powers of the Board, and two mcmben of the Board shall al all times, constitute a quorum. The Board shall have an' official seal which shall be judicially noticed. (c) The Board shall at the close of each fiscal ycaz make a report in writing to Congrus and to the President stating in detail the cases it has heard the decisions it has rendered, th~ names, salaries, and duties of all employees and officcn in the employ or under the supervision of the Board, and an account of all moneys it has disbursed. Sze. 4• (a) Each member of the Board shall receive a salary of $10,000 a year, shall be eligible for rcappointm t and shall not engage in any other business vocation en0 ; emp1oyment. The Board shall appoint, with~ut d' f the provisi , laws • but subject regart thor . . ons of the Ci'vii•SCZV!ce 0 • sccre-e Class,ficauon d chAct of 1923' as amended, an executive tary' an su attorneys, examiners and re • al dire and shall appoint such other employees withgion d ct~n, ing laws applicable to the employment and c:,:ar to .cxutofficers and employees of the United Stat pcnsat1on of time to time find necessary for the cs, as it m.ay from its duties and as may be from time tt::,cr perfo~ance of by . Congress. The Board may estab~ a!t~t':ated for .regional, loc:il, or other agencies and tiliz ti1izc such tary and uncompensated services 'as ma uf e ~ch volunbe needed. Attorneys appointed' und Y _rom ~e to time the dir~ction of th~ Board, appear %r~~tction may, at Board ID any case ID court. Nothing in . .rcp~t the construed to authorize the Board to a , ~ '\~ shall be the purpose of conciliation or mediaJpom(t mdiV1duals for on or for statistical work), where such service may be obt:i.ined from th D e epartment of Labor. (b) Upon the appointme~t of the three original bcn of the Board and the designation of its chainnanmC:::. old Board shall cease to exist. All employees of th~ 01: Board shall be transferred to and become employees of h Board with salaries under the Classification Act of 19n t e . • b Y sue h t ransfer a pcrma •3, as amended, w1.thout acqu1nng or civil-service status. All records, papers, a nd propc~c:} the old Board shall become records, papers, and property of the Board, and all unexpended funds and appropriatio for the use and maintenance of the old Do:ird shall bcco: funds and appropriations ava ilable to be expended by the Board in the e:cercisc _of the powers, authority, and duti~ confercrrcd on 1t by this Act. (c) All of the expenses of the Board, including all necessary tra\'eling and subsistence expenses outside the District of Columbia incurred by the members or employees of the Board under its orders, shall be allowed and paid on the presentation of itemized vouchers therefor approved by the Board or by any individual it designates for that purpose. Sze. 5. The principal office of the Board shall be in the District of Columbia, but it may meet and exercise any or all of its powers at any other place. The Board may by one or more of its members or by such agents or agci:cics as it may designate, prosecute any inquiry neCCSl3ry to its functions in :my part of the U nited Sta tes. A member who participates in such an inquiry shall not be disqualified from subsequently participating in a decision of the Board in the same case. Sze. 6. (a ) TI1c Board shall have Guthority from time to time to make, amend, and rescind such rules and regu• lations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Such rules and regulations shall be effective upon publication in the manner which the Board shall prescribe. RIGHTS OP EMPLOYEES . Seo. 7. Employees shall have the right to sclf-organ.i• zation, to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in concerted activities, for the purpose of collective bargaining or other mutual aid or protection. Seo. 8. It shall be an unfair labor practice {or an employer( 1) _To interfere with, restrain, or coerce cmployees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in section 7. (2) To dominate or interfere with the formation or a~tration of any labor organization or contribu_te fill· ancial or other support to it: Provided, That subJCCt to rules and regulations made and publlihed by the Board pur• suant to sc.c~on 6 (a), an employer shall not be prohibited ~m pemutUng employees to confer with him during work· mg hours without loss of time or pay. (3) By discrimination in regard to hire or tenure of employment or any term or condition of employment to .en· <=?urage or discourage membership in any labor org~· tlon: Provided, That nothing in this Act, or in the Nanonal Industrial Recovery Act (U. S. C., Supp. VII, ti~e 15, secs. 7°1-712), as amended from time to time, or Ill anY ~de or agrccme.n t approved or prescribed thereunder, or m any other st11tute of the United St.ates shall preclude ~ employer from making an agreement wi~h a labo.r o~· zation (not established, maintained, or as.1uted by any acnon d in this Act as on unfair labor practice) to require, d~econdition _of e_mployment, mcm?enhip therein, if such aJbor rgani.zatl~n 1s the ri:prcsentativc o~ the employees as 0 in section 9 (a), in the appropnate collective barla vided ~ g unit covered by such agreement when made. 57 ~ served upon such person a complaint stating the ch that respect, and containing a notice of hearing ~ e Board or a member thereof, or before a deii ore ~gentafor agency, at a place therein fixed not less th:ar ays ter the serving of said complain't. • _ ch ve l • t be su comamended by the member agent or a P am may ~nduc~g the h~ring or the Board in i:.S disc~tion a~C:.Ucy wne of an order based thercon. Thye pc pnor to the•1SSuance d rson so com_p1_ame of shall have the right to file an answer to the on~ or am~ded complaint and to appear in p_erson or ?therwise and give testimony at the place and wne fixed m the complaint. In the discretion of the member, agent, or agency conducting the he:iring or the Board any oth;" person may be allowed to intervene in the said proceeding and to present testimony. In any such proceedmg the rules of evidence prevailing in courts of law or equity shall not be controlling. : n,iy ( ) To discharge or otherwise discriminate against an 4 because he has filed charges or given testimony tplployee under this Act. ( ) To refuse to barg~ collectively with the representatives5 of his employees, subJect to the provisions of section 9 (a) . REPRESENTATIVES AND ELECTIONS Sze. 9. (a ) Representatives designated or selected for the purposes of coUcctivc bargaining by the majority of the employees in a unit appropriate for such putposes, shall be the ClCclusive representa tives of all the employees in such unit for the purposes of collective bargaining in respect to rates of pay, wages, hours of employment, or other con• ditions of employment : Provided, That any individual employee or a group of employees shall have the right at any time to present grievances to their employer. (b) The Board shall decide in each case whether, in order to insure to employees the full benefit of their right to scl£-organization and to collective bargaining, and other• wise to effectuate the policies of this Act, the unit appro• priate for the purposes of collective bargaining shall be the employer unit, craft unit, plant unit, or subdivision thereof. (c) Whenever a quc.stion affecting co=ercc arises concerning the representation of employees, the Board may investigate such controversy and certify to the parties, in writing, the name or names of the rcp,csentativcs that have been designated or selected. In any such investigation, the Board shall provide for an appropriate hearing upon due notice, either in conjunction with a proceeding under section 10 or ot.herwise, and may take a secret ballot of cmployccs, or utilize any other suitable method to ascertain such representative., . (d) Whenever an order of the Board made punuant to s;ction 10 (c) is based in whole or in part upon facts cert:16ed following an investigation pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and there is a petition for the enforce• Dlent or review of such order, such certification and the r~rd of such investigation shall be included in the tran· scnpt of the entire record requucd to be filed under subice' lions 10 (e) or IO (f), and thereupon the decree of ~e court enforcing, modifying, or setting aside in whole or m ~art the order of the Board shall be made and entered upon e pl~dings, testimony, and proceedings set forth in such transcnpt. PREV.BNTJON 01' UNFAIR LAJIOR PRACTICES p ~EO, 10. (a) The Board is empowered, as hereinafter f ~~ded, to prevent any person from engaging in any un• abor practice (llited in section 8) affecting commerce, b power shall be exclusive and shall not be affected ~ any other means of adjus~cnt or prevention that has othcn o_r may be establlihed by agreement, code, law, or erw1se. Thls Bag Jb) Wh~nevcr it is charged that any pcnon has ~th eBom or u engaging in any such unfair labor pracuce, fo: ard, or any agent or agency designated by the Board such purposes, shall have power to issue and cause to (c) The testimony taken by such member, agent, or agency or the Board shall be reduced to writing and filed with the Board. Thereafter, in its discretion the Board upon notice may take further testimony or h~ argument. If upon all the testimony taken the Board ahall be of the opinion that any person named in the complaint has en• gaged in or is engaging in any such unfair labor practice, then the Board shall state its findings of £act and aha1l issue and cause to be served on such person an order requiring such penon to cease and desist from such unfair labor practice, and to take such affirmative action, including reinstatement of employees with or without back pay, as will effectuate the policies of this Act. Such order may further require such person to make reports from time to time showing the extent to which it has complied with the order. If upon all the testimony taken the Board shall be o.f the opinion that no person named in the complaint hu engaged in or is engaging in any such unfair labor practice, then the Board shall st.ate its findings of £act and shall issue an order dismissing the said complaint. (d) Until a tranScript of the ~rd in a ~ shall have been filed in a court, aa hereinafter provided, the Board may at :my time, upon reasonable notice and ~ su<;h manner as it shall deem proper, modify or set asi~c, m whole or in part, any finding or order made or 1SSUed by it. (e) The Board shall have power to petition ~y cir• cuit court of appeals of the United States (~cludin~ the Court of Appeals of the District o_f Colu~ln11), or if ~ the circuit courts of appeals to which applicauo.n m;Y made arc in vacation, any district court of the Uiutcd ~tes . cl ding the Supreme Court of the District of ~olumbia), bcl'Clll the UD· . . 'vcl ( m u any circuit or d1stnct, within respecu Y, w • ch fair labor practice in questio~ occurred or~~=~: of person resides or transacts ~usmess, for th~ef or rcsuain· such order and for appropnate tcm~rary •-ft•cript . d hall crtify and file JD the court a u mg order, an s c din • cl ding the plead· in ~ entered and of the entire record in the ~rocec g, ings and testimony upon{ ~ 0 0 such filing, the the findings and order. o the of t~ be served upon such court shall cause notice creo . . • • of the proccedpcrson, and thercupo~ sh:ill hav~ and shall bave ing and of the question dctCJ1Dlll~ef or :CStniJiliig order ak and enter upon power to grant such tcinporarr d as it deems just ~d proper, an to~ esct forth in 111ch the pleadings, tesumony, ~d P~ying and enforcinr as uanscript a decree. cnfo~! mob 1 0 ; in part tbe order so modified, or scttlllg 1111de lll w o c ~c; t; 1rt= �COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGENCIES 59 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT of the Board. No objection that has not been ~rged ~ore the Board, its member, :igent, or :igency, shall be collSldcrcd by the court, unless the failure or neglect to- ~rge su~ objection shall be excused because of extraordinary ~cum.stances. The findings of the Board :is to the facu, if supported by evidence, shnll be conclusive. I f e!t~er p:irt_Y shall :ipply to the court for lc:ive to adduce add1uonnl evtdence and shall show to the s:itisfaction of the court th:it such additional evidence is m:itcrial and that there were reasonable gTOunds for the failure to adduce such evidence in the hearing before the Bo:i.rd, its member, agent, or agency, the court may order such additional evidence to be taken before the Board, its member, agent, or agency, and to be made a part of the transcript. The Board _may modify its findings as to the facts, or make new findtn~, by reason of additional evidence so taken and filed, and 1t sball file such modified or new findings, which, if supported by evidence shall be conclusive, and shall file its recommendation,, if any, for the moclification or setting aside of its original order. The juriscliction of the court shall be exclusive and its judgment and decree shall be final, except that the same shall be subject to review by the appropriate circuit court of appeals if application was made to the district court as hcrcinabovc provided, and by the Supreme Court of the United States and upon writ of certiorari or certification as provided in section 239 and 240 of the Judicial Code, :is amended (U. S. C., title 28, secs. 346 and 347). (f) Any person aggrieved by a final order of the Board granting or denying in whole or in part the relief sought may obtain a review of such order in any circuit court of appeals of the United States in the circuit wherein the unfair labor practice in question was alleged to h:ive been eng:igcd in or wherein such person resides or transacts business, or in the Court of Appe:ils of the District of Columbia, by filing in such a court a written petition praying that the order of the Board be modified or set aside. A copy of such petition shall be forthwith served upon the Bo:ird, and thereupon the aggrieved party shall file in the court a transcript of the entire record in the proceeding certified by the Board, including the pleading and testimon; upon which the order complained of was entered and the findings and order ?f the Board. Upon such filing, the court shall proceed m the same manner as in the case of :in application by the Board under subsection ( e), and shall have the same exclusive jurisdiction to grant to the Board such temporary relief or restraining order as it deems just and pro~cr, and !n _like manner to make and enter a decree enforcmg, modifyuig, and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in p:i.rt the order of the Bo:ird. an_d the finding_s o~ the Board as to the facts, if supported b; evtdencc, shnll 10 like manner be conclusive. (g) The comme~ccment of proceedings under subsec. tlon (c) or (f) of th1s section shall not, unlw specificnlly ordered by the court, operate as a stay of the Board'sorder. (h) When appropriate tcmpor:,rv rd granting _,.,_ --, relief or a train' tn~ ~ er, or mi11Wlg and entering a decree enforc10~, 11;1odi£)'lllg, an? enforcing as so modified or settin g as.1de m whole or m part an order of the B d vided in this section, the jurisdiction of courtsoar '· ~ PT?• shall not be limi'tcd by the Act entitled "An sitting eqwty A m ~e.nd the Judicial Code and to define and lim't th ~t ~o dicuon of courts siting in equity, and for othe: e JU~; approved March 23, 1932 (U.S.C., Supp. vrl~ses, secs. 101-115). , e 29, ~ (i) Petitions filed. unde~ ~s Act shall be heard expeditiously, and if poSS1ble within ten days after they have been docketed. INVESTIGATORY POWERS Sr.c. 1 1. For the purpose of all hearings and investigations, which, in the opinion of the Board, arc necessary and proper for the cxel'CJSe of the powers vested in it by section g and section I o-( 1) The Bo:ird, or its duly authorized agents or agencies, shall at all re:isonable times have access to for the purpose of examination! an? the_ right to cop/ any evidence of any person being m vcstJgated or proceeded against that relates to any matter under investig:ition or in question. Any member of the Board shall have power to issue subpcnas requiring the attendance :ind testimony of witnesses and the production of any evidence that relates to any matter under investigation or in question, before the Board, its member, agent, or agency conducting the hearing or investigation. Any member of t he Board, or any agent or agency designated by the Board for such purposes, may administer oaths and affirmations, e.xamine witnesses, and receive evidence. Such attendance of ,vitnesses and the production of such evidence may be required from any place in the United States or any Territory or possession thereof, at any design:ited place of hearing. before the Board, its m~ber, agent, or agency, shall be paid the same fees ~d mileage that :ire paid witnesses in the courts of the Uruted States, and witnesses whose depositions are taken and the persons taking the same shall severally be entitled to the same fees as are paid for like services in the courts of the United States. (5) All process of any court to which application may be m:ide under this Act may be served in the Judicial district wherein the defendant or other person required to be served resides or mny be found. (6 ) The several departments and agencies of the Governrncnt, when directed by the President, shall furnish the Bonrd, upon its request, all records, papers, and information in their possession relating to any matter before the Board. S.ec. 1 2. Any person who sball willfully resist, prevent, impede, or interfere with any member of the Board or any of its agents or agencies in the performance of duties pursuant to this Act shall be punished by a fine of not more than $5,000 or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or both. . SEC. I+ Wherever the application of the rovision section 7 (a) of the National Industrial R p of (U. C., Supp. VII, title 15, 1cc. 707 (a), c:::O~! from trme to time, or of section 7713, paragraph (I) and (m) of the Act appr~ved June 7, 1934, entitled "An Act to amend an Act enutled 'An Act to establish a uniform system of bankruptcy throughout the United States' a~ proved July 1, 1898, and Acts amcndatory thereof and su~ plementary ther~to" (48 StaL 922, pan. (I) and (m) ), as amended from tune to time, or of Public Resolution Numb~red 4:4, approved _J~e t 9, 1934 ( 48 Stat. 1183), confti~ts with the application of_ the provisions of this Act, this Act shall prevail: Proo1ded, That in any situation where the provisions of this Act cannot be validly enforced the provisions of such other Acu shall remain in full fo~ and effect. LIMITATIONS S.ec. 16. This Act may be cited as the ''National Labor Relations Act." SEO. 13. Nothing in this Act shall be construed so 3' to interfere with or impede or diminish in any way the right to strike. (2) In case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpena issued to any person, any District Court of the United States or the United States courts of any Territory or possession, or the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, within the jurisdicition of which the inquiry is carried on or within the jurisdiction of which said person guilty of contumacy or refusal to obey is found or resides or transacts business, upon application by the Board shall have jurisdiction to issue to such person an order requiring such person to appear before the Board, its member, agent, or agency, there to produce evidence if so ordered, or there to give testimony touching the matter under investigation or in question; and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by said court as a contempt thereof. (3) No person shall be excused from attending and testifying or from producing books, records, correspondence, documents, or other evidence in obedience to the subpena of the Board, on the ground that the testimony or evidence required of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture; but no individual shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for. or on account of any transaction matter1 or thing concerDJllg which he is compelled, after 'having clai.med his privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or produce evidence, except that such individual so testifying shall not be ~CJJl~t from prosecution and punisl:iment for perjury committed Jll so testifying. (4) Complaints, orders, and other process and pape~ 0 ! the Board, its member, agent, or agency, may be serve eith~r personally or by registered mail or by telegraph or by leavtng a copy thereof at the principal office or place of business of the. ~on required to be served. Th~ verifie: return by the mdividual so serving the same settlilg fortd the manner of such service shall be proof of the sallle~ the return post office receipt or telegraph receipt th ?~ when registered and maHed or telegraphed as aforesaid shall be proof of service of the same. Witnesses sun:tlllone s.. . S.ec. 15. If. ~Y provision of this Act, or the applicauon of such provwon to any person or circumstance, shall be held invalid, the remainder of this Act, or the application of such provision to persons or circunutances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall not be affected thereby. Approved, July 5, 1935. Appendix B NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ORGANI ZATIONS SERVING AS COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGENCIES FOR PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYEES I. Organfrations Affiliated with the American Fed,ration of ,Labor. 1. American Federation of Government Employees goo F Street Washington, D. C. 2. International Federation of Technical Engineers, Architects and Draftsmen's Unions American Federation of Labor 13uilcling 901 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 3- United Clerical, Technical and Supervisory Employees Union, District 50 of the United Mine Workers of America 15th and I Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C. II. Organiz:ations Affiliat,d with the Congress of Industrial Organiz:ations. 1. United Federal Workers of America 532 17th Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 2. United Office and Professional Workers of America (including the Federation of Architects. Engineers, Chemists and Technicians) 1860 Broadway New York, New York III. Ind1p1ndent Organizations 1. Association of Industrial Scientists Organized by professional employees 0 tbe Shell Development CoJDpany Laboratoncs at Emeryville, Califo~. this group bu not yet obtained oertificatton by the NLRB til cause its petition cannot be acted upon Jun . . . . de of -'-•- of emp o}U mvcstlgatlon IS ma ....-o:- CIO aftili3 domination filed. by . • IS • SO . ofcompeuns the A,sso(:iattOn ate. The CODJ~~tton -"""•lion of other lated 1 phrased as to mdicate that ':"""" uniu of professional workers JS cootemp • ! i: �6r COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AGENCIES 60 2. Other o~anizations which have indicated unofficial interest in the Association are: Association of Industrial Scientists (Em ville, California) cry. Centra! Ohio Group of Professional Engineenng Employees (Columbus) Engineers and Archit~cts Association of Colorado Engineers and Architects Association San ' Francisco Bay Arca Chapter Tennessee Association of Professional Engineering Employees (K noxville ) 1 Engineers and Architects Association of Southern California • Founded originally as a social and techno• logical society, the Association first entered the area of collective bargaining at the Lo~heed Aircraft Corporation. Since, it has establishe~ chapters at Hughes Aircraft Co~pa~y, Conso~dated Vultee Aircraft Corporation, in the Cal!· fornia State Highway Department, and is spreading into central and northern Califomia. 2 3. National Federation of Federal Employees, Independent. 10 Independence Avenue, S. W. Washington, D. C. 4. Nation'a l Federation of Salaried Unions 102 Cable Avenue East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania An affiliate of the Federation of Westinghouse Independent Salaried Unions, the Federation has locals in plants of several other companies and hopes to organize salaried employees into a national union. Professional engineers are usually placed in separate locals if they so request.S 5. National Professional Association of Engineers, Architects, and Scientists This Association was organized by seven collective bargaining groups in October 1946. Agreement has been reached on the objectives, fonn of organization, outline of the con• stitution, and committees have been chosen to draft a constitution and to conduct business until the first convention is held. The founding groups include: Engineers Guild of Oregon (Portland) Professional Engineer Employees Association of Eastern Washington (Spokane) Sacramento Group of Professional Engineering Employee.s San Francisco Group of Professional Employees Seattle Pro~es~ional Engineering Employees Association Southern California Professional Engineering Association (Los Angeles) Southwest Washington Association of Prof~ssional Engineering Employees (Olympia) 6. Organizations established u.n der the plan of the American Society of Civil Engineers (some of these groups have been listed above as founders of the National Professional Association of Engineers Architects, and Scientists) : ' Arizona Group of Professional Engineering Employees Central Ohio Group of Professional Engineering Employees Engineers Guild of O regon Engineers and Architects Association of Colorado Professional Engineering Employees Association of Eastern Washington Sacramento Group of Professional Engineering Employees San Francisco Area Group of Professional Employees Seattle Professional Engineering Employees Association Southern California Professional Engineers Association Southwest Washington Association of Professional Engineering Employees T ennessee Association of Professional Engineering Employees Utah Professional Engineers Employee Association 1 Mciver, :Wagner, McGirr: Technologists' Stake in the Wagner Act, American Associatio.n of Engineers, 1944. 2 Ibid., and Unionization of Professional Engineers and Chemists, Industrial Relations Memos No. 84, Indus• trial Relations Counselors, Inc., New York, July !15, 1946. 3 Ibid. 4 Civil Engineering, Nov. 1 946, p. 4 8o. Appendix C CONSTITUTION OF DEPARTMENT OF WATER & POWER PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS' ASSOCIATION A UNIT OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION ARTICLE I: Name The name of this Association shall be, "The Department of Water and Power Professional Engineers' Association", hereinafter referred to as "the Association". ARTICLE II: Purposes The p urposes of the Association ~hall be: (a) To maintain, protect and advance the economic welfare of all professional engineering employees of the De• partment of Water and Power; to establish fair and reason• able relationships between them and their employers; and to negotiate collective bargaining agreements regarding wage, hour, and working conditions for all professional engineering employees or to d elegate authority to do so to individuals or committees appointed for this purpose. (b) To promote opportunities for advancement of the individual professional engineering employee and make it possible for individual effort and merit to be recognized and rewarded. ARTICLE III: Membership (a) Membership in the Association shall be confined to those employees of the Department of Water and Power y,ho may be satisfactorily defined as "Professional Engineermg Employees", as stated in Article II, of the Rules and Regulations of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association, as follows: "The designation, 'Professional Engineering Employee', !15ed in the sense that persons capable of being so ~es1gnatcd may join with others similarly capable of ~~g so designated for the purposes of collective bargauung separately from any other group composed of persons not capable of being so designated, shall be that of only those who, excepting employers or thos~ ~~ wh~m employers have delegated managerial respo~s1bility ~~ rt3pect to employment conditions, possessing an i:iu• mate knowledge of mathematics and the physical s~cnces, gained by technological and. scientific, ~duca· tion, training and experience, and in a post!ion of trust and responsibility, apply their knowledge in co~trolling and converting forces and materials to use 1D structures machines and products, and whose wort requires tlie cxercis~ of discretion and judgment, - creative and original and of such character that the output cannot be standardized; and those who, without the experience set forth, but having been graduated from an approved educational institution and having received the degree of Bachelor of Science or its equivalent, in Engineering, arc engaged in engineering work." (b) The professional status of any pcnon not previously defined to be a Professional Engineering Employee by the Committee on Emplo)'Dlent Conditions of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association shall be determined temporarily by the three officers of this .AJsooiation. (c) Dues: Dues in the amount prescnbed in Section ( 6) of . Article IV of the Rules and. Reg_ulations o_f !he Southern California Professional Enguieenng Assoaauon shall be paid to the Secretary-Treasurer of this Association. ARTICLE IV: Administration (a) The Association shall elect the following officers: a Chairman, a Vice Chairman, and a Secretary-Treasurer, (b) The officers of the Association shall be_ clcc1d :: a period of one year, the term of office to begm J Y first. Election of officers shall take pla~ at the. re~ June meeting. Officers elected at a !J>COal meeting til prior to the regular meeting in June 19~:! ~erve ~en July 1, 1945, The election of officen .AJso • who ballot and shall be_ con~ed to those of th~alifo:a Profesth are in good standing with the Sou ern sional Engineering Association. (c) The Secretary-Treasurer shall keep a re~li~ . Th shall be a report, open to pu • proc~dings. ere. ditures and their so-wees spection, of all receipts and _cxpen which are to be reiln· and purposes. Any. cxpenditu.res t Conditiom of the buned by the CollUlllttee on Employm~ • Association Southern California Professional ~~~ed of the O must have the authorization, previo Y ' Committee. • ti may be an o........., (d) No member 0 thiJ Ass~a acity for this AJcommittecman, or act .ID any offit;1al ~ standing of the sociation unleu he is a m~ber JD 8.°°cc.ring .A,sociation, Southern California PJ"!>f~SSIO::iallE~8:nductcd in accord· The affairs of the Assoeiat1on embcn of the Association. ance with the directions of the m ~= :;!1 ! C: a:.-p �DEPARTMENT OF WATER & POWER PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS' ASSOCIATION ARTICLE V: Collectivt Bargaining A.gent The Committee on Employment Conditions of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association is designated as the "Exclusive Bargaining Agent" of this "Unit appropriate for the purpose of collective bargainwg", and the Committee shall have the duty and power to direct all activities looking toward the acquisition of adequate co.mpcnsation and satisfactory working conditions for all the Professional EngiDeering Employees of the Department of Water and Power, and the Committee shall represent them in such matters. The Committee on Employment Conditions is charged with the responsibility of conducting all negotiations with the Department of Water and Power, in accordance with the directions of the members of this Association. ARTICLE VI: Amendment This constitution may be amended by a vote at one of the meetings of the Association. The vote for an amendment shall be by written ballot and shall be confined to those members of the Association who arc members in good standing of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION b April 8, 1946. The name of the voter has been placed ARTICLE VII: Meetings (a) There shall be held regular semi-annual meetings of the Association, one meeting during the second week of June and the other meeting during the second week of December. (b ) Special meetings may be called in cases of emergency, provided the meetings have the unanimous approval of the officers of this Association, and provided the requirements of notification stated in Article VIII arc observed. 0~ the ballot envelope solely for the purpose of checking the validity of the ballot. and all sue~ i~entification ~l be tom off and discarded pnor to exanunation and counting of the ballots. APPROVE REJECT ARTICLE VIII: Notification of Meetings Members of the Associa tion shall be notified in writing of the time and place of all meetings. Notices of the regular meetings shall be sent to the members at least one week prior to the meetings and notices of special meetings shall reach the members at least one day prior to the special meetings. ARTICLE IV ••• • , • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • □ Written as per A D Section ,c { Written as per B D D Written as per A Section 3 { Written as per B D □ ARTICLE V . .. .... . .....• • ..••••. 0 D ARTICLE I •• •• • •••• ••••••••• • ••• □ ARTICLE II • ... • .. • .. • • • • .. • .. • • □ ARTICLE III ••• ••• .. ···• .. • • .. •• • □ ARTICLE IX: Quorum A quorum is defined to be a majority of those members of the Association who arc members in good standing of the Southern California Professional Engineering Association. No action taken at any meeting shall be considered official unless a quorum is present at the meeting. □ D □ APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP in the RANGE OF SALARIES FOR DEPARTMENT ENGINEERS DIFFERENCE Form 3 Appendix E SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION SALARY RANGE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL SALARY PER MONTH 2nd yr. 3rd yr. 4th yr. INCREMENT Engineering Aide $200. $250. $ 50. $210. $220. $230. $ IO. Engineering Assistant $250. $350. $100. $270. $290. $310. $ 20. Engineering Associate $350. $450. $100. $370. $390. $410. $ 20, Engineer $450. $550. $100. $470. $490. $510. $ 20. Senior Engineer ~550 v • v~7 25. $ 175. $585. $620. $655. $ 35. $750• + + $800. $850. $900. Other salary advances within the range to be determined by experience and individual job pricing. Principal Engm·eer $ 50. ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION I, ... . ............... .. .......... , apply for member( Print Name) ship in the Southern California Professional Engineering Association and if admitted, I agree to abide by its Rules and Regulations. I submit herewith my professional record as an engineer and state that I am not an employer, nor have I had delegated to me by my employer managerial responsibility with respect to employment conditions to the extent of hiring and firing professional engineering employees. Appendix D OFFICIAL CONSTITUTION BALLOT My residence address is ...•...•••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I am an employee of ...... , ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • My work location is ... . ..... . .... , Dept. or Group • • • • Check mailing address above for ratification of My age is ... .. . . . years. My immediate superior is •. .. .. . • • • , • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • CONSTITUTION OF THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS AND ENGINEERING ASSISTANTS dated March 27, 1946 INSTRUCTIONS :-Check your approval or rejection of EA.CH Article by placing an X in the appropriate square. Also indicate by placing an X in the appropriate squareyour choice of either write-up A or write-up B for: ARTICLE VI ................... .. 0 ...... □ (Sect~on 2 per A¥ A of Art. IV Section 3 is adopted) ( Section 2 per B if B of Art. IV Section 3 is adopted) ARTICLE VII .................... 0 ...... □ Section 1 {Written as per A •••• □ Written as per B .... O ARTICLE VIII .. . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . 0 0 ARTICLE IX ............... .. .... O □ ARTICLE X .. . . . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. 0 ... .. . 0 (Section 3a per A if A of Art. IV Section 3 is adopted) ( Section 3a per B if B of Art. IV Section 3 is adopted) ARTICLE XI ................... . . 0 0 ARTICLE XII .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 0 0 ARTICLE XIII ................... 0 0 Article IV Section IC Aft!cle IV Section 3 Article VII Section 1 After voting· fold the ball Ot d • an place in the envelope pro· vided and l li e ver to any member of the Engineers' Council ORGANIZATION AND DEPARTMENT DATES FROM TO My present payroll title or company classification is • • • • • • . .. ................ ................................ . I have been a professional engineering employee for • • years. My duties consist of . .••. , ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . ... ···· · ··· · •••••••••••• •• •••••••••••• . . ......... . .......... . .............. ...... . . ...... . ···· ··•••••• ••••••••• ;e•rf~~~-~£ ·d~ti~, I am given an opportunity for the use of originality and judgment to the followmg extent: ..... ..... . •• ••• ••••• ••• •• ••• • •••••• •• •• ·· ·· ·· · ··········· ······•••• ••••••••••••• ••••• ••••• ··· · ····· · •••••• ••••••••••••••••••• ·· ·· ········ fu •~: .. .... ... ······· ili~: ••••••••• • •• • •••••• • ••••• •• •• •• • •• ♦ •••••••• • • • ••••• • •n<nnecring 0rganizations I have worked for the {O11owmg .....,-be lis d) d....:n.. the 'tions need to n.sibility te was -f, (not more than our poSl as set past ten years and my degree of respo forth: PAYROLL TITLE OR CLASSIFICATION DUTIES AND DEGREE OF RBSPONSmn.ITY �64 THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS AND ENGI~ERING ASSISTANTS Arc you a graduate of a ~cognized school of engineering? ii ·s~: st;;~·~;ti;~ti~~,' ;~;; •~f ;;~d~~ti~~; -~d ·d;~~ 0 0 received . .. .......... , •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ii ~;~t~· i~u; ;~~~:;e~~~l· ~d~~ti~~ ·b~;o·~ci ~h school, listing counes taken, dates and schools: • • • • • • .. . .. ... . .. .. .. . ... .. .. ... . . ..... ... .... ....... . . ... ..... .... . . .. .. . ... .. ... . ... . . ..... .. ....• .. ····· . ······· ·······............ ................ .... •• •••• .................... ..... ........•• . . . . ..... ..... . .... ... ... . .... .......... ... .... ~0-~ Arc you at present a member ........•••••••• ; an officer (Yes or No) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . of any olher bargaining group? (Yes or No) If so, what group? ......... . ..•.•• • ••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • Arc you a Registered Civil Engineer in the State of Cali· fornia? .................... . .............. . ... . ... . Arc you a member of a professional engineering society? ..... . ............. . ................. .. ............. . .. t A.S.C.E., A.S.M.E., A.I.E.E., A.I.M.E., A.C.S., etc. I have a community of interest with !he professional engi• ncering group and I comidcr myself a "Professional Engineering Employee" as defined by the Board of Direction of the American Society of Civil Engineers. If admitted to membership I aulhorize the Committee on Employment Conditions of the Southcm Califomia Profes• sional Engineering Association to represent me in all nego. tiations concerning employment conditions. I enclose three dollars dues for the year ending DecCIX1bcr 30, 194 •• Approved: , ... . . , .. . . •.. • ••••• • ••••••••• Secretary-Treasurer Signature of Ap~ii~; • •' .D;t~. ~i ·c~~t~~~ A~;i~;. ••••D~~~.~i ·A;;u~ti~~•••• ......................... 0 Card Issued (Date) NOTES TO THE APPLICANT: This application is prepared for the purpose of assisting the Committee on Employment Conditions in determining that you arc a professional engineering employee. The require. ments are stated in the definition of a " Professional Engi. neering Employee" mentioned above. Please give sufficiently detailed information that the Committee can take the correct action. Employees of Firms where bargaining units have been or are to be established should check their exact payroll titles with their penonnel departments and should state definitely in which section or group they arc employed. Where CQn. venient the application should be typed. Application may be sent to your unit chairman or be sent to the Association headquarten, 943 South Plymouth Boulevard, Los Angeles 6, California. Appendix F OFFICIAL BALLOT1 THE ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERS AND ENGINEERING ASSISTANTS FOR REPRESENTATIVES: The following members of the AEEA have indicated their willingness to serve as Representatives £or Division 17 iI so chosen: . . . . . . R. B. Kent ....•. B. T. Hannum ...... E. P. McCormack ......L. W. Dom . . . . . . L. I. Meyers ...... Anna T. Gloster ...... T. W. Opdyke ...... N. W. Hipple ...... P. S. Sauer Indicate your preference £or Representatives by placing the numeral I in front of the name of your first choice the numeral 2 in front of !he name: of your seCQnd choice 'etc for _a to~ of 6 candidates. In coun~ the ballots ~ ~; cho1~e will ~ount _6 votes, a seCQnd choice will CQunt 5 votes a third choice will CQunt 4 votes, etc. The candidates ce!ving the highc,~ and second ~ghcst number of votes will be Representatives. The candidates receiving the third and fourth highest number of votes will be the Altematcs. r:. FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT: .... Ed. L. Neely ....John L. Staley . .. . • .......... Indicate your preference for President by placing the numeral I in front of the name of your fint choice and the num~ral 2 in front of the name of your second choice• In countlng the ballots a fint choice will count 2 votes and a second choice will count x vote. The candidate receiving a majority of the votes will be President and the candidate receiving the next highest number of votes will be VicePresident. After marking your ballot seal it in the envelope provided and deliver it to R. P. McCants ON OR BEFORE WED· NESD.AY, .APRIL 17, 1946. 1 Thia ballot was used in Division prepared for each division. x7. A similar ballot was � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Manual on Collective Bargaining for Professional Employees - Part 1 The National Labor Relations Act and Professional Employees Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1947 Subject The topic of the resource A manual for employees regarding the National Labor Relations Act. Description An account of the resource 11" x 8" booklet with a loose paper stapled to cover. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dr. Waldo E. Fisher and the Committee on Collective Bargaining and Related Matters of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0030 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Committee on the Economic Status of the Engineer https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/1c1714c7e4a9952d93c36e6a9c6fd4bf.pdf a6f967420339afe32465e2134dcf653c PDF Text Text ., . I \ _\l • 1\; ~.j ', 1-\ '. ''\· :\' :\t·.' ~, ,;·\,}\' ~-·,\,,: \\1\' I ERNATIONA A ELLINO -CHI ES l.J~ · SHEFF I ELD. �1N1ER1\JA T10NAL CHANNELLlN~ .N\.A.CPiTNE S. L1M1TED. SHE FFIEJ L D: 490, PENJSTONE RoAD. Trlepho11e: 205 OWLERTON. T d egn1m1: '' CUTT.4B IT, SHEFFIEL D." CODES ,- A.B.C. 4TH & 5TH EDITIONS, WESTERN UNION, WESTERN UNION FIVE LETTER EDITION, MOREING AND NEAL. LOND01'1: 529/531, SALISBURY HOUSE, E. C. 2. TELEGRAMS , " CUTTABIT." TELEPHONE No. 77'27 LONDON WA LL. JOHANNESBURG: 111 & 112, CULLINAN BUILDING. TELEPHONE No. 2G43 . TELEGRAMS : 00 SISKOL." P. O. BOX 1382. �/NTERNATJONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES' Zt d, [NTERNATIONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. INDEX. THE PAGE Index Uses ol machine Description Valve Chest illu: tration description 10 hradings in a shift ... GG yards in onr werk .. . Bord and Pillar work .. . Longwall work ... Shraring or nicking Low prrssnre machin e ... P ,'\ GE 2 3 4, 5 6 'i 8, g :\faking stable holes for longwa ll machines ... ~fachinc for thin seam!" Hinged column Roof rippin g without explosives Kumber of machinPs in use Air consumption t est ... Air consumption Loss o[ pressure due to friction pipes Surface trench work ... The " Sisko! " in South Africa 10, 11 12, 13, 14, 15 . .. 16, 17 18, 19, 22, 23 . .. 20, 21 . .. 24, 25 .. . 26, 27 ... 28, 29 30 31 32 33 in 34 35 to 39 40 to 43 "§I§KOL" COAL-CUTTER IS USED FOR DRIVING HEADINGS. BORD AND PILLAR OR STOOP AND ROOM WORK. LONGWALL WORK UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS . STEP SYSTEM. LONGWALL ON THE MAKING STABLE HOLES FOR LONGWALL l\lIACHINES. MAKING VERTICAL. CUTS OR SHEARS ON LONGWALL FACES TO REDUCE SHOT-FIRING. RIPPING OR BRUSHING. STONE HEADINGS OR DRIFTS. WORK WITH PLUG AND FEA1HER WEDGE. CHANNELLING IN SURFACE TRENCH _WORK. 3 2 �lNTERNM"lON.Al CHANNELLING MACHINE&' Lfd. [NTERNA7'10NAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER DESCRIPTION-continued. Description □ □ This machine is of the percussi\'e type and consists of five essential parts, yiz. : 1. COLUMN.- The suppolting column is of !'-imple and : ubsfantial construction . The length, when the screw is home, should be G in. less than the hf' ight of the earn in \\·hich the machine is to be used. The weight Yarie:- according to len~h (a 4 ft. column weighs 120 lb,). • 2. SEGMEN_T.-This is made in two types-the JD. and the shearing pattern. The JD. patt~m illustrated on pages 10, 12, 26 and 28 is for holing only, and the machine cuts at . rwht • • • 1s • not needed or mckmg · an"les . ,.. • to the supporti ng co Iumn. \\']1ere sheanng H~is type is _to be recommended. It can, from one setting, cut a plac~ up to 22 ft. in '' id th • and gn·es a greater degree of stability to the Coal-Cutter when at work. The . shearin,y illustrated on page,; 14, 16 18 20 22 and 24 1s . for use "' pattern . . when mckmg or \'ertical cutti • dd. • . '. ' • . ng, m a 1tion to holing 1s desired inasmuch as with this type of segment the machine can cut at any l1e1·!5rrJ1t or ' ang1e m • a seam. • • The \\'l•ight of the •J•D • segment 1s • 116 lb. and the shearing pattern 107 lb. L 3. DRILL.- The air drill is of special construction, particularly suited f_or coal cutting. It is provided with a safety arrangement, which pre~ents _bre~k~ges m_ the even! of the cutting bit not striking the coal or other matenal m wluch 1t 1s cutting or bormg. The weight of the standard size of drill is 264 lb. 4. EXTENSION RODS.-Five rods, 20 in., 40 in., 60 in., 80 in. and 100 in._ long respec~h·ely are used. The weight of a set is 115 lb. .These arc made of steel with symm~tncally conically turned ends. One _end fits the dnll clmcl~ and the other the c_uttm_g bit. The conical ends ensure good gnps,. and at the same time can be very easily disconnected. To remove the e>.."i:ension rod from the drill chuck, use is made of a steel drift fitting into a slot in the drill chuck. 5. CUTTING BITS.-Weight, 5 lb. These are of 3 in. diameter, anUd adre made _of toodil-:~eel. They are usually provided with five cutting prongs or edges. n er certam con uons . . . it may be advisable to use bits with three or seven prongs. To disconnect the cutting bit from the extension rod the latter 1s held 1_n an upnght position, allowing the teeth of the bit to rest on the floor, and a sm_ar:t blow with a ha~~r is deli\'ered on the shoulder of the cutting bit. Thro~1gl~ stoking these blows it 1s evident that the extension rod will become dented, and 1t 1s ne~essal)'. that the dented end of the extension rod should always be used for tI:ie cutting bit, w~lst the other ~nd should always be inserted in the drill chuck.. To _a\'Old undue ham11;enng of_ the cuttmg bits it is recommended to use separate cuttmg bits for each extension rod • they need then be removed only for sharpening purposes. 5 4 �l NTERNALIONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. [N1ERNA1IONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES L td: ACTION OF VALVE OF "§I KOL" COAL-CUTTER D D HE diagrams on page 6 show the respectiv~ posi~ions of the piston_ and piston valve at the moment of reversing. The compressed air which enters the cylmder d through ports_a 1 and c, drives the piston forward (as shown in section 1) or causes it to return (as shown :1 section 2). The piston valve is held in the position shown by_ means of the compressed air which passes through the port a 1 into the annular chamber g1 , simult~neously the c?mpressed air passes through the ports a and e into the chamber J. The surface sub1ected to the air-pr~sure in chamber J is, however, smaller than the one in the annular chamber g1, _so that the piston valve must remain stationary until the piston passes and opens the reversing port Ii :. \Vhen this takes place the compressed air rushes from the ?ylinder d throu~h the ports 1z _and ~-m~o.,.tl~e ann Iar space g, thus counteracting the pressure m g1, and the ~ir. pressure still existm_, m 11 chamber J causes the piston valve to reverse. The c?mpressed air. m f1 escapes through the ports e l and b ; and then, together with the exhaust :ur from !he cyl~nder, th~ough the exhaust cap k into the open, The exhaust cap k is s_o desi~ne~ that 1t admits of bemg revolved, thus enabling the exhaust air to be given any desired direct10n. T ,, .. \ _[ :i_,. , _...,.·:lio~. ~. ....,. r:~~"= ~l : • ;~;;:~~;~~~fl~~f;r : HL r.=:-- - i~ l~--~'7'f.,,-'i~ ~ ~ g e y r,,w,,,n,;,;;w', I'!' . Valve of "SISK.OL" COAL-CUTTER. 6 6Jm~ 7 �[NTERNATJONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Z.td. [NTERNATIONAl CHANNELLING MACHlN E3 Z:td. TEN HEADINGS IN A SHIFT. HE " SISKOL " holds the wor~d's record for the grea~est number of h~ading~ cut in one shift, i.e., ten places, averaging 10 ft. by 5 ft., which was accomplished in a 9-hour shift at Mainsforth Colliery, Ferryhill, Co. Durham. ThlS work was done with the assistance of a carriage fitted to the machine (see illustration opposite). The machine was run up to the face of the heading and two chocks were placed underneath the carriage in order to lift the wheels off the floor. The column was then fastened, and when the cut was finished the column was slackened, the chocks removed from underneath the carriage, and the machine was then :eady to be :nn into t~e n_cxt ? e~ding without any of the parts having to be detached. In this way the time occupied in fhtting was reduced to a minimum. This carriage is a simple contrivance, can be fitted to any machine and, of course, can be arranged to suit any gauge of rails. The best work of a competitive machl?e, handled_b)'. the maker~' experts and '".orking under precisely similar conditions, was the cutting of five similar places in an 8-hour shift. T The certificate given by the Manager of the Colliery at the time is as follows :DEAR SIRS, THE CARLTON IRON Co., LTD., MAINSFORTH COLLIERY, FERRYHILL, Co. DURHAM. • I hereby certify that the above statement of cutting ten (10) places, comprising 506 square feet, under 9 hours, with your newest type of "Siskol" machine, is correct. F. J. H. LASCELLES, Agent. Messrs. The International Channelling Machines, Ltd. The "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTE . R on Carrmge for Flitting intact for Headin~ Work. 8 9 �lNTERNATJONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. [NTE.RNMJONAZ CHANNELLING MACHINES .ltd. RECORD SPEED FOR SINGLE HEADING. j\T the Barlborough No. 2 Pit, belonging to Messrs. The Staveley Coal & Iron Co., Ltd., one f i "SISKOL" Coal-Cutter drove a heading 12 ft. wide in the Top Hard Seam, 4 ft. 3 ins. thick, a distance of 66 yards in one week. The previous rate of progress by hand was 12 to 15 yards per week. Many Colliery Managers are inclined to be dubious about this performance, but the following particulars as to how the work was done may possibly remove such misgivings. • It was desired to get a single heading through a pillar of coal with the utmost possible speed. The size of coal obtained was immaterial, speed being the one essential. The seam was 4 ft. 3 ins. thick and the heading 12 ft. wide. A time table was drawn up as follows :6 to 7 Cutting. 8.40 to, 9.40 Cutting. 11.20 to 12.20 Cutting. 7 to 7.10 Shot-firing. 9.40 to 9.50 Shot-firing. 12.20 to 12.30 Shot-firing. 7.10 to 8.40 Filling. 9.50 to 11.20 Filling. 12.30 to 2 Filling. Work was carried on 3 shifts in 24 hours and the same schedule adhered to during the shifts n \ THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. 10 \ \ ' commencing 2 p.m. and 10 p.m. The men engaged on the work at the face were a machine operator and his assistant, a ccllier and two fillers. A small branch from the main air pipe enabled a filkr to bore the shot holes whilst the Coal-Cutter was in operation, the collier and the other filler setting the necessary timber ·and keeping .the rails up to the face. Two sets of rails were maintained. The fillers had nothing to do but fill, an~ there was no wa.it~ng for_ tubs. If more than the _allotted time were occupied in filling-say 1t took 1 hour 40 mmu!es mst~ad _of the schedule time of 1 ~our 30 minutes- IO minutes was taken off the next cuttmg penod m order to adhere to the timetable. Vlhilst the coal was being filled the ma.chine men were keeping the pipe range in order. No ripping was done until the road was through the pillar. 11 �CHANNELLING MACHINES Lid [NTERNATION.Al lNTERNATlON.Al CHANNELLING MACHINES Z td. T MACHINES F OR uHOLING" ONLY. I-ill illustration opposite shows the " SISKOL" fitted with the JD. type of segment which has been designed for "holing" only. This type of machine is capable of making a cut 22 ft . or so in width from one setting of the column a nd is particularly suited to places where shearing is unnecessary; it is also specially adapted for working on short longwall face s or where the step system is in vogue. Th e following arc particulars of work done at a large Durham Colliery with a " SISKOL " fitted with t he above type of segment:Time for llO IW . Commenced Cutting. Finished Cuttin~. Actual 1imc Cutting 2 .0 p.m. 2 .56 ,1.12 5.19 " 6.25 7.40 8.46 9.36 2.50 p .m . 4-.5 5.10 6.15 7.20 8.35 " 9.28 · 10.15 50 min. 69 58 56 55 55 42 39 Flitting and Re-erecting :\lachine. -- ---N o. 1 2 3 -1 5 " 6 7 8 .. . . ... ... .. li min. 7 !l 10 20 11 8 . i II . Arca Cut. 0" X 5' 0/P I 21' 20' 0" X 5' o· o· 20' 0" X 5' 20' 0" X 5' O"' O" \ 19' 0" X 5' t 7' o· X 5' 0" !I 16' 0" X 5' o· 12 ' 0" X -1 ' 7" Total Sq. Feet No. of Sq. Feet. 105 100 100 100 95 85 so 55 720 The following certificate was given by the Manager of the Colliery:" I personally checked these times and measurements, and certify the same to be correct." The above work was done in Bord and Pillar, and must not be confuse~ with ct_hcr per~ormanc~s _donl' on a longwall , where it is possible to move a machine intact along the _face without d1sm'.'nthnr. This )S some 50 per cent. better than that achieved by any other Coal-Cutter working fr om a column m Bord and Pillar work. THE "SISKOL" COAL -CUTTER . 12 13 �lNTER.NATlONM .C HANNELLING MACHINES Lid. lNTER.NArlONAL CHANNELLING MA.CHINES Ltd. BORD AND PILLAR WORK 8 HOURS BANK-TO-BANK TEST RUN AT COWPEN COLLIERY, BLYTH, NORTHUMBERLAND Between MAKERS' EXPERTS □ □ Result:" SISKOL": 3 wide bords 18 ft. wide by 4 ft. deep and 3 narrow bords 9 ft. wide by 4 ft. deep. YIELD OF COAL 60 TONS COMPETITIVE MACHINE: 3 wide bords 18 ft. wide by 4 ft deep. YIELD OF COAL 40 TONS □ □ The "SISKOL" performed its wo_rk under 8 hours bank-_tobank, whilst the competitive machine . took more than a . ~h1ft. Both machines were working under precisely the same c:md1t1ons. THE "SISKOL'' COAL-CUTTER. 14 15 �lNTERNATJONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Z--td lNTERNAT'JONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. T HE illustration on the opposite page shows the "Sisko!" holing near the roof of a seam . P articulars of remarkably good work performed under the above conditions appear hereunder. DAILY REPORT. .D Arrived at Colliery-9 p.m. Agecroft Colliery, Pendle bury. Arrived Underground-9,5 p.m . T ime occupied erecting machine ... Started cutting Finished cutting Time occupied in ~utting .'. .. _ Arrived at Machine 9.15 p.m. 1 ~~_c ut j2nd_cut:3rd .cut 4th . cut 5th cut 6th cut 7th cut 8th c:ut - . ---- -111 min. min. min . min. 5 5 15 10 1.20 2.10 3. 10 4.0 9.40 10.50 11.40 12;30 2.55 1.15 2.5 3.50 I 4.45 10.40 11.35 12.25· zs'• "10· I "rt min. min. min. min . min . min. min mii•. 60 45 .45 45 45 45 40 45 feet feet fe,•t fret fe,i 21 x6 105 21 x6 105 21 x 5 105 feet 21 x6 106 21 X 6 105 feet 21 X 6 60 60 60 60 60 Measurement of work done Square feet cut .. . Delays (due to machine) Delays (not clue to machin~) _ . _ 21 X 6 106 Air pressure at machine (lbs. per sq . in .) 60 ~ /r fet:t 105 21 6 105 60 60 I Totnl time underground-8 hours 15 minutes (arrived on surfnce 5.:ZO n.m.) Totnl time occupied In cu,tlng- 6 hours 10 minutes. Totnl number or squnre feet cut-840. Total delnys due to mnchlne-None. Totnl delnys not due to mncblne-None. we uarantee the above to be cut by one operator only (named Jas. Fletcher) and by one only of yourg machines. The above stated times shown for each section of work are absolutely correct. J. KAY (Manager). JNO, W. KENYON (Under-Manager). It should be noted that the above work was accomplishe? by the Colliery Co. 's own operator, that the seam was risi"ng 1 in 3, and the "holmg" done next to the roof. THE ., SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER in position for cutting close to the Roof. 17 16 �lNTERNArION.Al CHANNELLING MACHINES Ztd lNTERNArlONAZ CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. SHEARING ON A LONGWALL FACE. T HE illustration on the opposite page sh0\V$ the "SISKOL" fixed for shearing or nicking. In seams where longwall machines are used a " SISKOL " with a shearing segment is very useful in making vertical cuts at regc1la_r distances along the face in order to reduce the number of shots required, at the same time facilitating the getting of the coal and increasing the percentage of large coal. To change from vertical to horizontal cutting, or in fact to any angle, it is only necessary to slacken the nut fastening the segment (shearing type) in the cone of the sleeve or clamp which is attached to the column. --------.J\-THE ".SISKOL'' COAL-Cl!TTER. 18 19 �iN7ER.NA'rlONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. lNTERNA'rlONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES L-td. LOW PRESSURE " SISKOL:" HE standard. "SISKOL" Drill (Type No. $10). ':hich ha.c; a cylinder diameter of 3½ ins., is designed for air press1ir~s ranging from 50 to 80 lbs. per square inch. Where only low ~1r th pressures are available a special drill is employed (Type No. 105) :''I a cylinder diameter of 4} ins. Extremely good results :11"e o~tamed with an air pressure as low as 30 lbs. per square inch with this type T of machine. The illustration on the opposite page shows a low pressure "ll • • ilar in all respects to "SISKOL." The design of the dn is s1m the standard machine, but on a correspondingly larger scale. THE .. SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. 20 21 �lNTERNATJONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES .ltd lNTER.NA'rlONAl CHANNELLING MACHIN_ES Ltd. THE " SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. T up. HE "SISKOL" Coal-Cutter was tried recently for heading work in a seam 7 ft. thick, lying at a depth of about J,000 yards. It was found that, when "holing" in the bottom, the coal would not stan~ When a depth of about 2 ft. had been reached, the coal began to sag, and it was impossible to continue the cut. The following method was then adopted with great success :~ . The machine was set at the side of. the heading for vertical ~~t~m~, : shearing. After shearing to a depth of a~out 2 ft. the :~al b~tg;:rtsta~~~g in it did when being undercut, so the machme was stopp ~t rted to make position. The 2 ft. of coal was then filled out_andd tthe meas:~:\~:s ~achine being 9 ft d all that was require o r another shear ., • eep, h ft d ep were made in this way simply to tum the air on. Three shears, eac 2 • e ' from one setting of the ~achine. THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. 22 23 �lNTERNATIONAf CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. lNTERNM"lONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. STABLE HOLES FOR LONGWALL MACHINES. \ l 7HEN working Longwall it is usually an advantage-in fact, VV almost an essential-to keep the ends of the face in advance of the centre. When a Longwall machine is used and the stable holes for the machine are made by hand, it very frequently happens that the stable has not been made wide enough. The result is that t~e machine starts with a shallow cut, getting to its proper depth as 1t proceeds along the face. In this way the ends of the face soon get behind, and all Colliery Managers wi.1~ recognise the trouble that will ensue when the face assumes this concave shape. By using a,., SISKOL" for stable holes the face is kept in proper shape. THE "SISKOL'' COAL-CUTTER 24 25 �lNTERNAT'IONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES L:td l NTERNA'rlONAl CHANNELLING MACHINEJ' Ltd. THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. HE " SISKOL" can b~ used in_ seams from 18 in~. and upwards in thickness. The 11lustrahon on the opposite page shows such a machine, which has been used successfully on a longwall face in a seam less than half a yard in thickness, with extremely gratifying results. Seven to eight yards can be holed at one fixing, after which it is an easy matter to flit the machine intact when fixed on a sledge or plate. In this way it is possible to hole a place 30 ·yards wide with four settings of the machine, and, as _only a few minutes are needed to loosen the column, flit the machme and reset, practically the whole of the shift can be occupied in cutting. T THE "SISKOL'• COAL-CUTTER. 26 27 �lNTERNM"JONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES .Ztd. INTER.NATION.Al CHANNELLING MACHINES Ztd. " SISKOL " WITH HINGED COLUMN. HE illustration on ~he o~posite page shows ~ hinged c~lumn for use with a maclnne fitted to a carnage. This was first tried in a South African mine where about 100 "SISKOLS " are now working- all fitted as shown in the illustration. The object of the hinged column i,, to enable the machine to be flitt ed under low places without dismantling. T In fixing at the face, the wheels are removed so that t~e carriage rests on the floor. The top portion of the co_lumn 15 then swung into an upright position and screwed agam 5t th e roof. With this arrangement the machine can be fixed ready for cutting in two or three minutes. THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. 28 29 �lNTER.NATIONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. ROOF RIPPING WITHOUT EXPLOSIVES. HE " SISKOL " may be used for other purposes than cutting in coal, as vid enced by the following extracts from the Official report of H. i\'I. Inspector of Min es for th e Card iff district :- T " ROOF RIPPING WITHOUT EXPLOSIVES. - At the Great Western Coll iery Co.' Tymawr Pit thr roof on the roads in one scam i,; ripped down without the a id of explo i\·e . The roof, which is a hard sandy fireclay, 4 ft. thick, is cut or sheared on each side of th e road by a ' Champion ' Channelling Machine. A hole.' is bored near tlw top of the bed and a long plug and feather is inserted and the mass is wedgt:d dmrn, the whole of the work being don e by th e machine, thus showing that the use of explosi\·es can be a\ oided in doing such work . Besides doing a~\'ay with the risk attendant on the use of explosi, es, Mr. Gray is strongly of opinion that roads npped by other means stand very much better than those ripped by explosives." . . . In his evidence bdorc the Royal Commi::;sion on Mines Mr. F. A. Gray savs, regarding shot 1 fin'. g :-" They could do thC'ir ripping entirely with the ' Champion ' Cha~nelling Machine, whi~h _would bore the hole and drive the \\'edge in. That was done at the Great ·w estern Colhenes now, when there was not a shot fired in the tl t al · " 1ree s earn co pits. NOTE.- T_he "Champion" Machine referred to above is now known as the " SISKOL.,, Jjv 7'E.RNAr10NAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. T HE following figures as to _machines in use which are _ext_racted from the official reports of H.M. Inspector of Mmes for the Manchester district (the only district for which detailed ret urns are available) prove conclusively that the" SISKOL" is recognised by Colliery Managers as the machine of its class and need no further comment. Extracts from H .M. Inspector of Mines official reports for the Manchester district, issued by the Home Office for the years 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912 and 1913. 1908. '- --Number driven by Descripti on . _J_ _ 1909._ 1910. 1911. Number driven by Number driven by Number driven by Number driven by 15 13 17 16 21 15 - ·-- Number driven by - . . --- - i·c:; ·c u<> - I'_ ~_ i ,- ,- DiscDiamoild ... Gillott & Copley Crescent ... BarPick Quick ... 1 I ChainHopkinson P ercussive-"SISKOL" ... Hardy Ingersoll Patterson 9 8 10 8 12 3 6 4 G 3 14 2 43 10 5 ,( Since the issue of the 1913 Report no detaile <l ' - 24 I 19 2 - I 3 4 I 12 I 4 I s : 89 109 I 6 5 5 2 2 3 I ! - 3 - 25 ~ I= ~ 1 - \ - 23 2 3 3 - 3 66 81 61 15 5 31 30 -- 1 fia 0 ure s have been published. - �lNTER.NArION.Al - CHANNELLING MACH/NEU ..ltd. nVTERNATJON.AL CHANNELLING MACHINEN ltd. AIR CONSUMPTION. J N addition t~. pos,sc.ssin~,a- far greater cutting :apa:ity . than any o~her machin e of a simil a r type, tile' SISh.OL 1s extremely economical 111 air consumption. AIR CONSUMPTION. In order to accurately determine th e air consumption of th e " SISKOL '' and an other machine of similar design, of Sheffield make, test!- were recC'ntly carried out at the J ohan nesburaUnivcrsity Technical College (where the facilities for making such arc perhaps the best in ex ist~ cnce), under thC' supervision of Professor John Orr, B•Sc• , a. ~r r,1st .c--~-, E J\K I J\K I E 1 1. .r·tec 1 • • ., M.Ass.S.C.E., M.Ass.S.M.E., with thC' foll o\ring result:- ETAILS of the consumption of compressed air at varying pressures by the standard (or " 90 " type) " SIS KOL " Coal-Cutter are given below:- D 73 cu. ft. free air per min. At 40 lb. pressure 45 82 " SISKOL" at 65 lbs. pressure' per sq uare inch consnnwd 116 cubic feet of free air per minute' ; 50 55 90 Competitor at 62½ lbs. pressure per square in cl1 consumed 18!}7 cubic feet of free air per minute ; 60 65 108 . . or a saving of i3·7 cubic feC't of free • air per minute, Ill fayour of th " srsr·oL " consequenily be as~umed with ace . tl e '. It can -~ . . J tv cubic. . feet• of fre • uraq iat at equal pressure"-~ ti1e " SISJTOL -.. " consun1es e air ess per mmute than its competitor. 70 75 126 Colliery Managers will a.ppreci-1t, ti 115 . . . • . ' ' c pmn t to I ts full t . . es extent, as It results in a sav)ng m one shift, sa~· of fi\·e hours' actual work f , , o :,ome 22,n00 cubic feet of free air per machine. 32 99 117 135 144 80 33 �lNTERNA710NAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. lNTERNATJONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. TOSS of pressure through friction of air in pipes, in pound s per square inch for every 100 ft. length of pipe (initial gauge pressure So lbs. at recdver) :- L SIZE OF PIPE. 12· -- 1- · - - --· - - THE "SISKOL" COAL-CUTTER. HE "SISKOL" has been used with very successful results in connection with large surface excavations, particularly in cases where it was not advisable to use explosives on account of the danger of shattering the T surrounding strata. · regara·mg the building of a large Interesting particulars can be given gasometer where 12 000 cubic yards of sandstone were removed by means ' 1 • t rial being used. of ' the " SISKOL " without an ounce of exp osive ma e The illustrations on pages 36, 37 , 38 aa d 3~• sho: how the machine is adapted for th is class O wor • E<tract from tal>le by Hiscox. 34 - 35 �lNTERNAllONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Z1d. lNTERN .IW'J ONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. , THE "SISKOL" MACHINE • - ' __ I -- - - ,. ...,_ IN SURFACE TRENCH WORK TRENCH MADE BY "SISKOL'' 1\ IACHINE. 1 36 37 �lNTERNMlONAl CHANNELLING MACHINES Ztd. THE "SISKOL ., SH •. !/N TERNATJONAZ CHANNELLING MACHINE9 Ltd. EARING IN A TRENCH. 38 THE "SISKOL'' MACHINE ON SURFA<JJo: '.l'RENGII WORK, 39 �[NTER.NMJONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES L1c/. lNTERNA770 1VAZ CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. " SISKOL " STOPE DRILL. TRANSVAAL STOPE-DRILL COMPETITION. T HIS Competition was inaugurated_ in 1908 by the Transvaal Govern ment and Chamber of l\fmes, and was open to the whole world. Two prizes of £4,000 and £1,000 respectively were oficred for t :1e two most successful drills. The competiti~n was commenced 111 March, 1909, and the official result announced on May 28th, 1910. The photograph opposite illustrates the " SISKOL " Drill u,ncler _t est a t the Surface Elimination Trials held at Johannesburg 1 ~cl~mcal College in March, 1909, when it created a record by clnllmg at the average rate of 4·46 inches per minute. It was pla:ed first in order of merit for drilling speed out of the 19 machines wluch compet ed, a number of which were eliminated forthwith on ~ccuunt of their inability tu maintain an average speed of one inch per minute. I ~ _- . -~..,_~ . _ _, .....L""'::. _ _ ___ _ i ••• "SISKOL" STOPE-DR ILL COMPETITION, 1909, 40 �[NTERNATIONAL CHANNELLING- MACHJNES Ltd. lNTERN A'TlONAZ CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd T HE photograph opposite shows the same drill being te;;tc<l on J anuary 29th, 1910, nine months after the start of the Competition, when it succeeded in drilling at the rate of 4,302 inches per minute. This performance beat its own reconl (which had stood for nine months), and was accomplished with an increase of only 2½ per cent. in air consumption per foot drilled. The " SIS KOL," during the Competition, held the record speed a t the Surface Elimination Trials ; for the highest footage in am· one shift ; the highest footao-e in any one month ' and the hi"hcs·t b .::, total footage for the whole of the Competition. In the end the result of the Competition was that t!H· " SISKOL" tied with another drill, and the twu prizes m·re equally clivided, the "SISKOL" being awarded the sum of £2,500. "SISKOL" STOPE-DRILL 42 COMPETITION, 1910. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Siskol" Coal-Cutter Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1949 Subject The topic of the resource A booklet containing illustrations of and information about various machines. Description An account of the resource Brown booklet held with twine. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource International Channeling Machines LTD. Sheffield. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0031 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/705238f1333c5eada66c05bf2ef3cd35.pdf 0405bfa3dbc2fdae1e4426e644415fa3 PDF Text Text uedby the • . . CALIFORNiA STATE MINING BUREAU FEllR.Y BUILDING San Fr-@cisc:o, Cru. t:!ulte(:rtdi:a of Pri11tffl at the State Printing Olnce, Sacr W. W . SHANNON, S:iperi11tc11dent ento LEWIS E. AUBURY State Mineralogist �c,,Cc CAlI.JfORNliA MilNJES ANlD M ilNJERAlS Compiled from Orii;inal Reco rds of the State ll!lnini; B ureau. HE minin n· interests of t he t atc of ali fo rnia ar o d iYersifieLl, and th e incln try is extenclecl over so wicle an area, that it is diffic ult to ue cr il.Je the co nclitiou wh ic h exi ·t withou t u ·ing many pages of printed matter. For this reason it ha. be n consiclere<l p roper, in th i l amp hlet. to giyc mer ly a record of r es ults, which will show in plain figures what is bein g a compl i bed by the min er of t, h-3 ta le. Thi record shows that some fifty-three mineral substances are 1.J eing explo ited th e :rnnual nl natio11 of whi ch i now $55,697 949, and increasing as capital is invested and more min es aml quarr ie ure opened. 'l'he older mine . too h::n-in g been well developed and equipped, ai·e increasing their annual output, and thus also provin g th ei r p rm anency an d valu e \\·ith depth. For the past twenty-one years the total mineral output of aliforn ia amount to $60" 173, ~92. 'l'he clim ati c l' Oncliti ons are fayorab l • to minin g operations throughout the ' State, and means of transportation ha,e been so improYeu as to greatly lessen costs of supp lies, etc. 'l'herc are abundant opportunities for the safe and p'l·ofitable iuvc.st rn eut of cap ital in the va ri ous branch es of tlie industry, ?S numerous claims which have been located haYe neYer been-properly developed or eq uipped, their own ers la ckin g the necessary means . . The State l\[ining Bureau, maintained by State aid, provides numerous publications in the form of bulletins or reports, giving in detail the conditions existing in gold, copper, quicksilver, petroleum, · and:au the various b~·aii6h.es of mining. It also publishes maps of the counties which sho\l· t he location of all mines, roads; streams, etc. The Bureau is in c:hargc of a State i\lineralogist, who has a corps of trained Field Assistants, and an office force · as:: ,vell. There is a fine teelmical library, and a very large museum sho\\'ing specimens of all mineral products, su_itably arranged for reference. There is also a well-equipped laboratory for the determination of minerals. •. •The Bureau publishes, among other things, an annual Statistical Bulletin showing by counties the ou~put and va_l:ue of all substances mi!]-ed or quarri~d in Californi~. From 1:he latest bulletin of this character, .covering· the calendar year 1907, figures and tables given in this pamphlet are taken, in the belief that they will give the best idea of what the mines of the State are producing and what the miners are accomplishing. T �CALIFORNIA ST ATE MINING BUREAU. Th is iustit nti on aims to be the chief source of reliable information· about the mineral resources and mining industr i of California. It is e1J coura 0 ·ed in its work by the fact that its publications have been in such demand that large editions are soo n rxhaustccl. In fact, copies of them now command high prices in the market. 'l' he p ub!ica tions , as soon as issued, find their way to the scientific, public, and private libraries of all countries. STATE MINERALOGIST. The Cali fom ia State :i\Iining Bnrean is nuclei;_the supervision of a State Miner!llogist and Board of Trustees. It is supported by leg islative appropriations, and in some degree performs work similar to that of the geological 8t11Tc,rs of oth er states, but its purposes and functions are mainly practical, the scientific work being clearly subordinate to t he economic phases of the mineral field, as shown by the org!)nic law governing_the Bureau, which is as follows: FERRY Bl:ILDING, SAN r;'RANC ISCO. 0::-SF. HALF THE UPPER FLOOR OF WHICH IS STATE JIIIN!NG BUREAU. OCCUPIED BY THE (This building is t:on~tnu·ted of Colu~a s m 1I t ' I s one am th e reconstructed tower is of reinforced concrete.) SEC. -!. It s hall be the cluty of snid Stnte iUineralogist to make, facilitate, and encourage special studies of the mineral resources anr1 mine ral inclnslries of the State. It shnll be his duty: To collect statistics concerning the occurrence of the economically important minerals uu ,l the methods pursued in· making their valuable constituents available for commercial use ; to make a collection of typical geo logica l a nd miue rnlo.idcal specimens, especially those of economic or commercial importance, such coJJection constituting the Museum of the State .Mining Bureau: t o proYide n library of books, reports, drawings, bearing upon the mineral industries, the sciences of mineralogy unrl geology uuu the nrts of mining and metallurgy. such library constituting the Library of the State Mining Bureau; to muke a coJJection of models, drawings, aud rlesc riptions of the mechanical appliances used in mining and metallurgical processes; to preserve and so maintain such collections and libru ry ns to mnke them available for reference and examination, ancl open to public inspection at reasonable hours ; to mainta in. in effect, 'a bureau of information concerning the mineral industries of this State. to consist of such collections and library. and to urrunge, classify, catalo~ue, ancl index the data therein contained, in a manner to make the information available to those desiring it. nnd to provirle 11 custodian specially qualified to promote this puq1ose; to make a biennial report to the Board of Trustees of the :\Iining Bureau , setting forth the importa nt results of his work, and to issue from time to time such bulletins ns he may deem advisable concern ing th e statistics and technology of the minera l industries of this State. ( 3 )· �THE BULLETINS. The field covered by the books issued under this title is shown in t~e list of p:1blications. E a h bulletin c'.eals wi_th only one phase of mining. Many of them are elaborately illustrated with en~ravrngs and maps. nly a nommal price is asked, in order that those who need them most may obtain a copy. (See list on last page. ) THE REGISTERS OF 1VIINES. The Registers of Mines form practical1y both a State ancl a County director y of the min e of ali fornia, each county being represented in a separate pamphlet. Those who wish to leam the essential £acts about any particular mine are referred to them. The facts and figures are given in tabular form, and are accompanied by a topographical map of the county on a large scale, showing location of each mineral deposit, towns, railroad • r oads, power lines, ditches, etc. HOME OF THE BUREAU. The :Mining Bureau occupies the north half of the third floor of the F erry Building, in San F r ancisco. On the same floor are the rooms of the California State Board of Trade. and an exhibition instituted by and maintained by the Board of Trade, illustrative of agriculture, horticulture. Yiticultnre. and other industries of California. All visitors and residents are invited to inspect the Museum, Libra~·y, and othe~ rooms of the Bureau and gain a personal knowledge of its operations. THE MUSEUM. The M~eum now contains over 20,000 specimens, carefully labeled and attractiYely arranged in showcases in a great, well-lighted hall, where they can be easily studied. The collection of ores from California mines is of course -very extensive, and !s supplemented by many cases of characteristic ores from the principal mining districts of the world. The educational value of the exhibit is constantly increased by substituting the best specimens obtainable for those of less value. These mineral collectio~s are not only interesting, beautiful, and in every way attractive to the sightsee·rs of all classes, but are also educational. They sl1ow to manufacturers, miners, capitalists, and others the character and ( 4) MINERAL MlJSF.l! M. CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. �d li>re they •ire fouud. Pla11s han l bee n fon nnl ateLl to extend the . . s• f the conomic mmerab ot t 11e oa1e an w e • c • • f • . '. qua litY O e . . . • as one showiu,r the chemicn l comp os1t1on o mmerals ; another fulness of the exh1b1t bY specia1 co11 cc1rnns, snc1l '. o • f" I ' I use . • . • ··t· _ f tl limentary metamorphi c. and 1g11eo11s ro ·ks u t 1c tate; t 1e petroleum. showing the mmeralog1ca1 co111p os1 1011 o 1c !iCl , • bearin!! formations, ore bodies. nud their country rocks, etc. _ . , ·. . .. . . . n· . - . . l · t·l . a . manv models maps photoo-raphs. ,rnLl Lli ag1 c1m 11lnsh at m the modetn Besides the mm era sp ecimens, 1e1e , 1c , J • , , • o . . . f f · ·no- millinO' ·mcl conceutr·itincr and the technologv of the 1111ucral 111dnstr1 ::s . \ n educat ional series pfrac ic~ o mfm1 11"'." I l ""1 '1 be'11 ·11·1·''1-1cr11or·;1tecl and new plm;~ are bein\!' formul at ed t hat " ·ill make the Museum . • • '" o specimens or 1g 1 sc 100 s ms -c " ,,. , • . -. • _ _. . . 9 even more useful in the future than iu the past. Its populant~· 1s shown by the fact t h,1t o, e1 L0.000 ,1s1to1~ registered last ~·ear, while many fail ed to leave any record of their visit. 0 THE LIBRARY. This is the mining reforeu ce library of the State, constnntlr consulted by mrnmu- men, and co nt ain s about 5000 volumes of selected works in addition to the numerous pnblil:atious of the Bnrean ibelf. On its shelves will be found reports on geology, mine~·alogy, minin g, etc.. published by ..tates gon .> rmnent s. :m<l i11 diYill11als; th e r eports of scientific societies at home and abroad ; encycloptt!dias, scieutifk papers. ancl rna gaziu i>s ; minin g p nbl ieations, and the current literature of mining eyer needed in a reference library. 1\fanufacturers' catalogues of mining and milling machinery by California firms are kept on fil e. The Registers of Mines form an up-to-date director~· for investor and. manufodurer. The librarian's <lesk is the general bureau of information. where visitors from all parts of the ,rnrkl a!·e ever seeking information about all parts of California. READING -ROOM. . This is a par~ of the ~_ibr~ry Department and is supplied with ornr one hundred enrrent publications. Visitors rnll find h_ere Yar1ous Cah~orma papers and leading mining journals from all over the world. The Library and Readmg-Room are open to the imblic from 9 ,\. . 1\1 . t o 5 P. 111. cla1•1y exeep t S uncl aJ.S and holidaYs. • ( (j) THE LABORATORY. 'l'hi department identifi es for the prospector the minerals he finds, and tells him the nature of the wall rocks or di ke he ma? eneo nnter in his workings; but this department cloes 11 0-t do assaying nor compete with private a sayers. 'l'h e presence of minerals is determined, but .Q.Ot the percentage present. No charges for this service are made to any resident of t he State. Many of the inquiri es made of this department have brought capital to the deYelopmeni of n e\\· distri cts. l\Iany technical questions have been asked and answered as to the best chemical and mec hanical processes of handling ores and raw material. The laboratory is well equipped. THE DRAUGHTING-ROOlVI. In t hi room ar e prepared scores of maps, from the small ones filling only a part of a page, to the largest County and State maps ; and the numerous illustrations, other than photographs, that are constantly being required for the Bulletins and R egisters of Tllfines. In this roem, also, will be found a very complete collection of maps of all kinds relating to the industries of t he State, and one of the important duties of the department is to make such additions and cor rections as will keep the maps up to date. The seeker after information inquires here if he "'ishes to know abo nt the geology or topography of any district"; about the locations of the new camps, or positions of old or abandoned ones; about railroads, stage roads, and trails; or about the working drawings of anything connected with mining. lVIINERAL STATISTICS. One of the f eatures of this institution is its mineral statistics. Their annual compilation by the State :Mining Bureau began in 1894. No other state in the Union attempts so elaborate a record, expends so much labor and money on its compilation, or secures so accurate a one. The State Mining Bureau keeps a careful, up-to-elate, and reliable but confidential register of every producing mine, mine-owner, and mineral industry in the State. From them are secured, under pledge of secrecy, reports of output, etc., and all other available sources of information are used in checking, verifying, and supplementing the information so ga ined. This ·information is published in an annual tabulated, statistical, single-sheet bulletin. showing the mineral production by both snbst,mces and counties. ( 'j) �TOTAL lVIINERAL PRODUCT OF CALIFORNIA FOR 1907. T~e following table shows the yield of mineral · substances of California for 1907, as per r etu rns r eceived at the State r.'lining Bureau. San Francisco. in nnswr.r to inquiries sent to producers: \ QUANTITY. I ~~~!r ~~~t~~ ~~~ I Q UANTITY . VALUE . $3,500 1.058,400 12;s35 1,200,913 2,585.577 • 6;040 3,438,951 254,454 55,849 6,341,387 1,000 \\ '_s_ _: :. : : : : _. ____ tons 232,642 Gold'-=' ..... . ... ... . . 809,213.52 ounces 16,727,928 Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399,431 cu. ft. 373,376 Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,900 tons • 57,700 Infusorial Earth . . . . . 2,531 tons 28,9-!8 Iron Ore . . . . . . . . . . . 400 tom; 400 Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 tons 16.690 Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.218 bbls. 755·376 230:985 tons 1 Limestone . . . . . . . . . . 406'. 041 Macadam . . . . . . . . . . . 1,54(617 tons 1,082,302 Magnesite . . . . . . . . . . . 6,405 tons 57,720 Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 tons 7!),718 tons Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . . Bituminous Rock. . . . . 24-,122 tons 1 . Borax ........... ... 106,825,000 lbs. Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,613,563 bbls. Chrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 tons \ Ola~ (Brick) ••• • • • • • 362,16~ U . 1 ...... 160,38v tons Ola) (Potter)) \ Coal · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,734 tons i Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,602,945 lbs. 'fotal .......... . ........... . 1- ¢ VALUE. $25 1 ton Manganese ..... . .. . . 118,066 37,512 cu . ft. l\'Iarble ...... . ..... . 1,720 250 t ons Mineral Paint ... ... . 5-!-1,016 2.924,269 gals. r.'lineral Water .. . .. . 114,759 169,991 cu . f t. Natural Gas . .... . . . 199,347 4604 M Paving Blocks . ... . . 16,783,943 . 40,311,171 bbls. Petroleum .. ... ... . . 6.255 • 300.07 ounces Platinum'.:, ... . .. . . : . 251,774 82.270 tons Pyrites ... : . . . . ... . . 10.000 4;000 lbs. Quartz Crystals .... . 663;178 17,379 flasks Quicksih-er ........ . 832,713 7 -!4 271 tons Rubble .. .. . . . ..... . 310,967 I 88:063 tons Salt ... . ........... . 8.178 11,065 tons Sand (Glass) ..... . . 1-!8)48 159.573 cu. ft. Sandstone ..... . ... . 3;000 1'.000 cu. ft. Serpentine .....•.... . 751,646 Silver'~ (com'l value). 1,138;858 ounces 60,000 7,000 squares Slate .............. . 120,587 Tungsten ... . ...... . 10,598_ Zinc .............. . $55,697,949 In the pr evious yea r the -total product was valued at $46,776,085, so that the increase for 1907 is $8,921,864. The most no table increases in valt1e are in petroleum, copper, asphalt, bituminous rock, cement, brick and pottery clays, lime and lime tone, macadam and rubble. For the second time zinc appears _among the mineral products of the tate. The total val ue of the metalli c substances (incluiling precious metals) · for 1907 wn.s $24,896,483, which includes gold·, ilver pyrites, qui cksilver , copper, lead, tungsten, zinc, platinum and chrome. The silver is given in commercial value, or amount r eceived for it by the producers. The to tal value of non-m etallic substances was $2,505,000. These substances include borax, coal, mineral waters, alt, infusoria l ear th, gypsum, magnesite, manganese, mineral paint, fuller's earth, soda, tourmaline, and chrysoprase and oth er gems. The total value of the hydrocarbons· and gases was $18,029,937, an increase of $7,859,664. The hydrocarbons and ga es in clude asplrnlt, bituminous rock; natural gas, and petroleum. The petroleum price is the average f. o. b. at wells or stations ii1 each county. The number of barrels of oil produced was 40,311,171, valued at $16,783,9-!3, as against 32,624,000 barrels· in 1906, valued at $9,238,020. The increase in asphalt is large for the year, it ·now being made in the process of refining the California heavy oils·. •• The total value of structural materials was $10,266,529, an increase of $2,407,403 from the previous year. These mat erials include brick and pottery clays, Portland cement, lime and li~estone·, macadam, rubble and concrete rock, • paving blocks, marble, g1;anite, standstone, serpentine, slate, and glass-sand. The relative value of the principal minerals of the State is as follows: First, · petroleum; second; gold; third, copper ; fourth , clajrs and their products; fifth, cement; sixth, borax; seventh, lime and limestone. All the asbestos produced in California in 1907 was from Placer County. Asphalt was pro·duced _in the counties of Kern, ·Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Alameda, San Luis Obispo, San Francisco, and Ventura. It was almost entirely derived from the refining of petroleum·. Bituminous rock was quarried in San Luis Obispo and Santa Cruz counties. Borax was produced in Inyo, San Bernardino, and Ventura counties. • Brick clays · were utilized in the counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Fresno, Humboldt, Imperial, Kern, Kings, Los Angeles, :Marin, Madera, Mendocino, Merced, Orange, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Joaquin, San Lnis ( D) Fig-urns supplied hy U. S . Geological Sun-ey . ( 8) �u Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara , Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, ~eha~a , T ulare, an d '\ nt u:·a. Clay for pottery came from Alameda Amador, Calaveras, Los Angeles, Placer, Rnrerside, a~d o~oma co unties. Portland cement was manufactured in Napa , San Bernardino, and Solano. Chrome \\'U S m rned 1 n al~veras and Shasta counties. Coal was mined in Alameda, Amador, and Monterey counties. Copper wa produced m the counties of Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno. Inyo, Los Angeles, l\Iadera , Nevada , Placer, R ive r i :l , an Ber~arclino, San Diego, Siskiyou, and Shasta. All the fuller's earth came from Kings County. Glass-sand " ·a~ pro~1nced m l\[onte~·c)· • County. Gold was mined in thirty-five counties of the State and silver \\'as produ eel 111 tl11rty-four counties. Granite was quarried for building purposes. curbing, etc., in the counties of )fader a, Nevada P lacer, Riverside. Sacramento, San Bei·nardino, San Luis Obispo, San Diego, Tulare. and Tuolumne. Gyp um was derived from Kern, Tulare, and Los Angeles counties, and lead from Inyo, Orange, 11£adera, l\Iariposa . Sa n Diego i kiyou, Riverside and San Bernardino counties. Iufusorial earth came from Santa Barbara County. Lime was quarrieu and burned in the counties of Contra Costa. El Dorado, Kern , Los An n-eles Monterey, Placer. Riverside, Santa Clara, San Luis Obispo, Sonoma, San Benito, San Bernardino. Sant a Cruz, Shasta , and Tuolumne; and limestone was quarriecl for beet-sugar factories, fluxes. paving. ctr.; in An~ador. Contra Costa, El Dorado, Los Angeles, Placer, Calaveras, Kern, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara. Santa Clara, Siskiyou, Plumas, Santa Cruz, ao<l Shasta counties. • Marble was quarried in Inyo, San Be;-nardino, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, and Tuolumne counties. :Macadam quarries were operated in the counties of Alameda. Colusa. Contra Costa. Los An geles. Riverside, Saeramento,. San Ben~to, San Bernardino, San Francisco, San l\Iateo, Santa Cruz, Solano. San Luis Obispo, and Son~ma. !he mmeral p~mt :ame from Stanislaus County. Manganese came only from Plumas County. :l\Iagnesite was n11ned m Alameda, R1vers1de, and Tulare counties. ' :M:in~ra\waters were b~ttleu. and sold from springs in the counties of Butte. Colusa, Lake, Los Angeles, Mendo~ino. Montere), Napa, San Bemto, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara, San Luis Obispo, San Diego, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, ~ola;o, So;ota, ~eham~, and Ynha .. Natural gas was commercially utilized in Sacramento, S~n Joaquin, Sa.nta rd100 Sa~ ara, do :no, aucl '\ e~t.nra counties. Paving blocks were quarried and n1ade in Riverside, San Berna ' o ano, an • onoma counties. Petroleum was derived from the counties of Fresno, Kern , Los Angeles, Orange, Santa ( 10 ) Barbara , Santa 'lara, and Veuturn. Platinum was fonnd ill small quantities in the following counties : Butte. alaYeras, }fomboldt, P la cer, Plumas, Sacramento, and Trinity. Alameda and Shasta counties furnished all the outpnt of py rites. , . ~uick ih-_er was produced in Colusa, Lake, Napa, San Benito, San Lnis Obispo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma, and 1 r rn1ty : ount: es. Rubble wa • q~rnrried in the counties of Alameda, Los Angeles, I\Iarin, Napa, Placer, Riverside, San Bern ~rclrn o, acrnm euto, an Di ego, Santa Barbara, San l\Iateo, Solano, San Francisco, and Ventura. , alt ca me fro m Alnmed? , Co~usa, Los Angeles, San Diego, Solano, and San Mateo. Sandstone was quarried in Colu a, Lo. \ ngeles, San Lms Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Siskiyou counties. The serpentine came from Los Angeles on nty, and th ' :late from E l Dorado. The gems (including hyacinth, beryl, topaz, kunzite, tourmaline. and chrvso• • pras ) ca me from R iverside, Sonoma, Tulare, and San Diego counties. TOTAL GOLD PRODUCT OF CALIFORNIA-1848--1907. . While g~lcl i~ next to the leading mining product, according to the gold production figures of the U. S. Geolog1c~ l SnrYey its yield no longer puts the greatest gold-producing county in the first place. The copper of Shasta County. together with its ~ther mineral products, gives it the leading place as a mineral-producing county. Gold is more widely distributed than any other substance thus far mined in California; 35 counties out of the 58 in the State showing a gold yield in 1907, and it i;; known to exist in several others. ( ]1 ) �u 'f • lJ e 1rs frurn th , tim ' m111rnl_! l' tllllll tenced in 18-18 'l'he following table shows the tut nl goltl yield of Cal1 urllla, Y Y • • to 1907, inclusive : ,, - - - ·-· -- - - - - - 1848. . . .. . . . $245 301 1849. . . . . . . . 10,151,360 1850. . . . . . . . 41,273,106 1851. ....... 75,938,232 1852 ........ 81,294,700 1853 ........ 67,613.487 1854 ........ 69,433,931 1855. . . . . . . . 55,485,395 1856. . . .. . . . 57,509,411 1857 ........ 43,628,172 1858 ........ 46.591.HO 1859 . . . . . . . . 45;84fi' 599 1860. . . . . . . . 44,095,163 I 1861. . . . . . . . 41,884,995 1862. . . . . . . . 38,854,668 . 1863 . . . . . . . . 23,501,736 I I l "'9G . . .. . :·17.181.562 18ti-L ....... $2-! 071423 ·\ 1880 ........ $20,030.7 61 1 97 . .. . . 15:8n :4o1 1865 . . .. .... 17.930,858 I 1881. ....... 19.223.1 - 5 , 1 ' 9 . . .. . 1- .906:478 ........ 17.1-!G.416 1882 18G6. . .. . . . . 17.123,867 15.336.031 1 99 .... . 1883 . . .. . . . . 2-!.316. 73 1867 . . . . . . . . 18.265,452 1 5,863.355 m oo ... . . 188-!. . . . . . . . 13,600.000 1868. . . . . . . . 17 .555,867 16.989,0-!4 1801 .. . . . 1885 . . .. . . . . 12.661.0-!-! 186!1 . . . . . . . . 18.229,044 16.910.320 1902 . .. .. 1S86. . . . . . . . 1-l.716.506 1870 . ... . ... 17,458)33 l G.471.26-! 1903 ... . . 1887.. .. .. .. 13.5 8.614 1871. . . . . . . . 17 477° 885 19.109.600 l SSS. . . . . . . . 12,750.000 ' 1!)()-! . ... . 1812 . . . . . . . . 15:4s2'. rn4 19.197 .0-!:3 1905 . .. . . 1889 ........ 11.212.913 1873 ........ 15.019 ,210 1 7:32.-!52 HJ 06 . . . . . 1890 ....... . 12.:30!),793 187-!. . .. . . . . 17,264,836 rn:127,928 mo, ... . . 1891. . . . . . . . 12.728.S ' 9 1875 ........ 16,876.009 18,92 .- . .. . . . . 12.571.900 187G. . . . . . . . 15:lno:123 Total .. . $1,469,513,691 • •1s77 ... .. .. '.• 15·_501,2'68 • 1893 .. : . . . . . 12.--1:22.811 1818. . . .. . . . 18,839,1-!1 j 89-! . . . . . . . . 13.!123.2:31 1879. . . . . . . . 19,626,654 1895 ........ 15,33-1,317 ------ - - --- ° Figures for 1U06 and 1907 b)' U. S, Geologi<'al Survey. BANNER COUNTIES IN DIFFERENT lVIINERAL PRODUCTS-1907. As far as the" banner" counties in the different mineral products are concerned. the following is the record for 1907, with the value of the material in which the county leads. It should be explaiued, ho\\'ever , that certain substances are put ~n~er th_e heading o~ "unapportionecl," which includes product of single mines, etc., in counties, sQ as to conceal the'.r identity. For tins reason it is necessary to put under this heading borax. coal, Portland cement. some gold and silver, and a few other substances fortnerly credited to certain counties. This causes an apparent. ( ]:! ) but not real, fallin g off in output of Alameda, Amador, Ivionterey, Inyo, Lassen, Solano, Napa, Sail.' Bernardino, Vent ura, and a f ew other counties where these " unapportioned" substances occur. If credited to the exact county, where th ere i only a s in gle operator, private business · would be made public. Under these circumstances, the -figures of value of output in some counties do not actually represent their relative rank in 1907, as some of the products may be placed under ' •' unapportionecl." :Moreover, some conn ties lead in output of some substances placed in the "unapporlioned" colnmn , and these substances do not therefore appear after the name of the county, thus r~duc ing. the • county total. .Alameda County leads in macadam ($461,726) • and salt ($163i127) ; Butte in gold ($2,786,840) ; Colusa in sandtone (, 7 ,259) • El Dornclo in slate ($60,000); Inyo in lead ($13,096); Kern in petroleum •($4,673,867); .Lake in mineral waters ($130,936 ); Los Angeles in asphalt ($353,423)', brick clays ($826,831), gypsum ($50,000), and serpentine ($3,000 ) ; l\Iadera in granite ($93,372 ); Placer in asbestos ($3,500); Riverside in clay ($174,713); .San Benito in quicksilver ($29.2,878) ; San Diego in gems ($206,336); lVIonterey in glas~-sand ($8,178); Santa Cruz in bituminous rode ($64,707 ), and lime ($241,179); Santa Barbar~ in infusorial earth ($28,948); Shasta in copper ($5,5.68,873), pyrites ($197,36-! ) , si lver ($370;211), and chrome ($5,200) ; Sonoma in paving blocks ($112,797) ; Stanislaus in minr ol pniut ($1,720 ) ; 'l'uolumn e in marble ($60,120). The unapportioned list includes borax, cement,- coal, tungsten, and orne gold all d silver ; so none of these substances are considered in malting up the leading products of the individual counties. . • To show the wide distribution of mineral substances in California an analysis of the statistics for 1907 proves that gold was produced in 35 counties; asphalt in 7; chrome in 2; brick clays ·in 29; pottery clay in 7; copper in 13 ; gems in -! ; granite in 8; lead in 6; lime and -limestone in 18 ; macadam in 15; marble in• 6; mineral water in 19; nati1ral gas in 5 ; paving blocks in 4; petroleum in 8; quicksilver in 9 ; rubble in 14; salt in 6; standstone 'iii'-4, and si lver in 34. In certain instances other substances . are mined or quarried in· only one county. 0 ( 13) �QUANTITY AND VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA-1907. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF lVllNERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA- 1907. ASBESTOS. Placer County Q U A::-TITY , CHROME . VALUE , 70 to11s $3,500 Calaveras County Shasta County .. . . . 1,:1:16 tons $14,400 Totals . .. . .. ... . . ASPHALT. Alameda County . . . . Contra Costa County Kern County . . . . . . Los Angeles County. Santa Barbara Co ... San Luis Obispo Co .. San Francisco Co ... . 2.057 tons 20;443 tons 26,610 to11s 19,192 tons 6.000 tons 4·000 tons 21,870 260.158 Totals .......... . 79,718 tons $1,058,400 21.955 tons 2)67 tons $6±.707 8)28 Totals .. .. . ..... . 24.122 tons $72,835 5.200 30- ton. $6,040 Alameda County . . . 2 ,770 1' [ Contra Costa Count,· -! .573 :i\ I 9.230 II[ Fresno County . . .. •. lfomboldt Connty H O l\I Imperial Connt.y • . . . . 1,000 l\I KC'ru Count\' . .• . . ... • 2.16 1\1 Kiugs C01ui'tv . . . . . . 1 000 M Los Angeles· County. 101 079 l\l 1Iarin County . . . . . . 16,000 1\1 1Iadera Count\' . . . . 1,250 1\[ !\lendocino Cm111tY.. . 400 l\-1 1Ierced Countv . : . . . 1.250 l\[ Orange Count~· . . . . . 3.176 l\I 3.800 1\I RiYerside Connt\' . . . Sacramento Colint\'.. 16 078 l\[ San Bernardino c"o.. 1.665 l\l 4,474 M San Diego County... San Francisco C~.. . . 44,518 1\1 San Joaquin County. 12,250 l\I BORAX. $1,200,913 CEMENT. Unapportioned .... . 1,613,563 bbls. -!2 ton 260 ton: $840 (Includes Common , Pressed, and F ire. ) 258,549 90,000 60.000 Santa Cruz County . . San Luis Obispo 6~ .. 53,-!:12 tons V ALUE. CLAYS-BRICK. 353,428 BITUMINOUS ROCK. Un apportioned QUANTITY , $2,585,577 _ ! ( 1-l ) --- - - - :\i-1:74,350 403.56-:1: 57,300 1.-!00 10,000 18,-!28 8,000 895,272 118,000 12.500 4.000 12.500 26.000 102.000 128,624 15.555 36,430 434,140 81,000 - ----- CLAYS-BRICK-Continued. QUANTITY. VALUE. an Lu i Obispo Co. . an Mateo Coun ty .. anta Barbara Co . . . auta Lar a ounty .. ha ta ount_y .. : .. olano ounty 011oma County . . . . 1'ehama County . .. . 'l ulare Cou nty .. . . . \ entn ra onnty . .. . 2,000 M: 8,078 M 1,615 M 30,053 Il'I 4,500 1\1 3,000 1\'1 11,600 lVI 400 1\1 2,500 lVI 1,600 1\1 $16,000 86,285 14,650 255;424 33,000 25,000 133,479 3,200 20,000 12,800 362,167 M $3,438,951 12,610 tom 12,465 tons 50 tons 17,900 tons 20.000 tons 87.260 tons 10,500 tom $14,299 13,992 250 20,500 20,000 174.713 10,700 160.385 tons 23,734 tons Totn ls COPPER. CLAYS-POTTERY. .Alameda County .Amador County .. . . Calaveras County . . . Lo Angeles County . P lacer County . . . .. . Riverside County . . . Sonoma County . .. . Totals QUANTITY. VALUE. Amador County . . . . '5,300 lbs. Calaveras County ... 3,941,883 lbs. El Dorado County. . . 606 lbs. Fresno County . . . . . 250,000 lbs. 6,779 lbs. Inyo County . . . . . . . Los Angeles County . 849 lbs. 1,895 lbs. Madera County . . . . 22,082 lbs. Nevada County . . . . . 964 lbs. Orange County . . . . . 502 lbs. Riverside County . . . San Bernardino Co.. 514,282 lbs. Shasta County ..... 27,844,364 lbs 13,246 lbs· San Diego . . . . . . . . . Siskiyou County . . . . 193 lbs: $1,020 609,203 120 50,000 1,356 169 379 4,418 193 100 102,856 5,568,873 2.659 • 39 Totals ........... 32,602.945 lbs. $6,341,387 i $1,000 I FULLER'S EARTH. Kings County ..... . 100 tons GEMS. $254,454 Riverside Conntv . ~an Diego County. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : onoma County ..................... . Tulare County ..... . .. . ....... ...... . $50 206,336 50 26,206 $55,849 Total ............. . ....... : ... .... . $232,642 COAL Unapportioned (Hi) �QUANTITY AND - VALUE .OF lVII GLASS SAND, -11'fonterey County ·.. . QUA..XTJ1'i', 11.065 tons NERAL PRODUCTS _OF CALIFORNIA--:--1907. QUANTITY. AND VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA-1907. VALUE, GOLD-Continued. .VALUE. $8,178 VALUE- GOLD. Amador County ........... . ...•••• • • • $2,116,182 Butte County . .... ... . .. ... • . • . • • • - • 2,786,840 Calaveras C~unty ...............•• • • 1,097 ,97-l 734 Colusa County ..................•••• 878 Del Norte County . ..... .. . .. ....•• ••• 319177 El Dorado County. , ...... .... .....•• 2'.401 Fresno County ... .. . ........ .. ....•• 40,109 Humboldt County ........... .. ..... . 57,24:l Inyo County .. : ........ .. .......... . 878,798 I · Kern County ...................... . Lassen and Los Angeles Counties ( nn\ appo1-tioned . . .... .. ... . ......... . i 13,303 Jladera Countr ... ..... ...... .... .. . -1.05,498 : Mariposa County ..... . ....... .. ..... . 822 11Iercecl County .................. .. . . 383,971 ":\Iono County ...................... . 1.076 :Monterey County ......... ... . . .. .. . . Nevada County .... ... .. ... .. . ... . . . 2,162°.083 Orange County (unapportioucll) .. .. .. . -182.772 Placer County ... .. .. . . ... ... ... . .. . 219.355 Plumas County ............... ... .. . Riverside County .... ... ... ..... .. .. . 3,836 Saeramento County ....... ... . . .... . 790,973 I San Bernarclino County . . ... . . . .. ... . . San Diego County ... . .. . .. .. .... . .•. San Luis Obispo County . .. . . . . . .. .. .• Shasta County .... . .. . . ... . . . .. . ... . Sierra County .. . .. . ... ..... .. . . . ...• Siskiyou County ......... . ......••. • Stanislaus County . ..... . ....... . .• . • Trinitv County . .... . . ........ . . . .. • Tnolui~ne Col{nty .... ..... .. ..... ..• Ventura Coun ty (_unapportion e] ) ..... . Yuba County . .. . . .... ....... .. . ..•• Un apportioned .. .. ·. . .. .... .. .. . • •. •• $158,676 7,455 316 791,997 483,90-! 398,017 3,36-! 535.316 806.876 Fre, uo Conutv Jfadera County .. .. . ?\eYacla Cmmty ... . . Placer County . .. .. . Riwrside ConntY .. . Sacramento Cot~ntY .. San Bernardino c·o . . San Diego Connty .. . Totals ..... ..... . QUANT[TY , 9,200 en. ft. 99,278 cu. ft. 12,8-10 cu. ft. 103,90-l en. ft. 124.977 cu. ft . 26.105 cu . ft. 3,227 cu. ft. 19,900 cu. ft. QUANTITY , V ALUE. K ern onuty ..... . . Los .Angeles County. 'l' ulare Comity . .. .. . 1,000 tons 7,500 tons 400 tons $5,500 50,000 2;200 Totals . .......... 8,900 tons $57,700 2,531 tons $28,948 400 tons $400 Inyo County i\fadera County ..... Jforiposa Coun ty ... Orange County .. ... Riverside County ... San Bernardino Co .. San Diego County ... Siskiyou County .. . . 261,140 lbs. 896 lbs. 1,142 lbs. 24,472 lbs. 3,206 lbs. 34,211 lbs. 971 lbs. 2,643 lbs. $13,096 47 60 1,303 170 1,822 52 140 Totals ....... .. .. 326,841 lbs. $16,690 anta Barbara Co ... VAIXC. $10,500 93.3i2 9,300 94>!5~ 13-1522 ' -l.62J 2,948 23,650 ~ 376 399,431 cu. ft. -$373 , hast a Co unty LEAD. '.!-llt; r,. u3 .----::::; Y ,\LUE. 1,413 bbls. 16,198 bbls. 153,003 bbls. 20,000 bbls. 100.000 bbls. 11;430 bbls. 6,000 bbls. 8,453 bbls. 8,600 bbls. 300 bbls. 3,500 bbls. 213,599 bbls. 29,222 bbls. 1,000 bbls. 1,500 bbls. 110,000 bbls. $1,413 16,198 153,003 20,000 125,000 11,430 6,500 8,453 8,600 600 3,500 2-11,179 31.900 1,000 2;tmo 125,000 Totals ..........._ 684,218 bbls. $756,376 Contra Costa County El Dorado County ... Kern County .. .. ... Los Angeles County. l\Ionterey County ... Placer County Riverside County . . . San Benito County .. San Bernardino Co .. San Luis Obispo Co .. Santa Clara County. Santa Cruz County .. Shasta County ..... Siskiyou County .. .. Sonoma County .... Tuolumne County . . IRON ORE. ' QUA N TirY. LIME. INFUSORIAL EARTH . 1766 770 ' 11:2H Total ........ ....... . ....... . . ... $16727,928 GRANITE. GYPSUM . LIMESTONE. .Amador Cotmty . Calaveras County . . . Contra Costa County EH Dorado County ... Kern County ....... Los Angeles Colmty. Placer County ...... ( 17) 1,000 tons 6,872 tons 22,038 tons 5,394 tons 11,792 tons 3,500 tons 38,869 tons $1,200 16,955 43.038 15;318 16,819 5,000 79,768 �u QUANTITY AND VALUE OF lVIINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA- 1907. · QUAN'rrrY. VALUE. Plumas County ... . . San Bernardino Co .. Santa Barbara Co ... Santa Clara County . Santa Cruz County .. Shasta County ..... . Sishiyou County ... . 5.000 tons 7-1709 tons 15'.ooo tons 9,460 tons 6,370 tons 30,761 tons 220 tons $5,000 139,188 30,000 16,694 6,000 30,761 300 . Totals .. .. ...... . 230,985 tons $406,041 LIMESTONE-Continued. . 1 ! •I I 1 I QUANTITY. VALUE. Alameda Coun ty Riverside County Tulare County . .. . . 3,700 ton 75 ton 2,3 0 ton $33,300 1,750 Totals ... .. . .... . 6,40,.. t n $57,720 MAGNESITE. 21,420 MANGANESE. 1 ton $25 Im·o County . .. ... . L~s .Angele; County. RiYersicle ConntY ... San Bernardino· Co .. San Diego County .. . Tuolumne Count:· . . 1,000 cu . ft. 1,000 cu. ft. 3 000 cu. ft . 6 482 cu. ft. 4,000 en. ft. 22,030 cu. ft. $4,000 3,000 9.000 29,946 12.000 G0,120 Totals .......... . 37,512 cu. ft. $118,066 Plumas Connty . . . . . MARBLE. MACADAM. \ \ ' •. Alameda County 658,901 tons Colusa County ..... 3,550. tons Contra Costa County 286.,500 tons Los Angeles County. 32,179 tons Riverside County . . . 39,300 tons Sacramento County .. 26,252 tons San Benito County . . 104,747 tons San Bernardino Co .. 500 tons San Francisco Co ... . 96,114 tons San Luis Obispo Co .. 4,080 tons San l\Iateo County .. 2.111 tons Santa Cruz County . . 15;soo tons Solano County .. . . . 247,873 tons Sonoma County ... . 26,710 tons $461.726 3,550 210,250 23,625 28,150 9,736 48,661 375 6-1.988 3'.000 2.llt 14,800 Hll,231 20,149 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 1,544,617 tons $1,082,302 ·- ---------- I 21,400 gals. 254,075 gals. 304,340 gals. 385,000 gals. 45,000 gals. 120,000 gals. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA-1907. - -- - -- -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - MINERAL WATER-Cont'd. QUANTITY. VALUE. Napa ounty . .. . . . . an Benito ounty . . an Diego County. . . an Lui Obispo Co.. anta Barbara Co. . . anta Iar a County. , ba ta County . ':' .. . , ierra County . . . . . . iskiyo u County . . . . olano Co unty . . . . . onoma County . . . . '1 ehama Co unty . . . . Ynba ounty .. .. : . . 240,000 ga ls. 26,000 ga ls. 2 000 gals. 4,800 gals. 39,480 gals. 11,374 gals. 22,000 ga ls. 120,000 gals. 725,000 gals. 40,000 gals. 12,000 gals. 550,000 gals.1,800 gals. $103,600 2.600 2;000 1,000 24,250 2,187 55,000 12,000 36.250 4,000 4,200 55,000 720 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924,269 gals. $544,016 PAVING BLOCKS. VALUE. 1,173 l\ 625 l\I 108 l\I 2,698 l\I $55,447 28,125 2,978 112,797 Totals ... ...... . . 4,604 i\I $199.347 1[ 250 tons $1,720 Sacramento County .. San Joaquin County. Santa Barbara Co .. . Solano County .... . Ventura County ... . 60,225 M cu. ft. 101,000 M cu. ft. 600 M cu. ft. 6.341 lVI cu. ft. 1;s25 M cu ft. $52,874 52,723 300 6,584 2,278 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 169,991 M cu. ft. $114,759 I PETROLEUM. NATURAL GAS. $2,140 51.233 130;936 35,100 9,800 12,000 QUANTITY. Riverside County ... San Bernardino Co .. Solano County ..... Sonoma Col~nty .... Fresno County ..... 9,050,300 bbls. Kern County ... ... 15,'(00,308 bbls. Los Angeles County. 4,318,739 bbh. Orange County . .. .. 2,426,750 bbls. San Luis Obispo ·co .. 48,127 bbls. Santa Barbara Co. . . '8,392,623 bbls. 22,100 bbls. Santa Clara County. Ventura County .... 352,224 bbls. $3,620,120 4,673,867 2,633,541 1,456,050 16,845 4,166,661 5,525 211334 Totals .......... .40,311,171 bbls. $16,783,943 MINERAL PAINT. Stanislaus County MINERAL WATER. Butte Co untr .... . . Colusa County . ... . Lake County •.. .... . Los Angeles County . Mendocino County .. :Monterey County ... -- . ' ' PLATINUM. 300.07 ounces $6,255 .Alameda County . . . Shasta County .... . 16,482 tons 65,788 tons $54.410 197;364 Totals .......... . 82,270 tons $251,77-1: Unapportioned PYRITES. ( 1!) ) ' �.·- PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA- 1907. QUANTITY AND VALUE OF MINERAL --·------- QuAN"rrl'Y. Plumas County ..... San Bernardino Co .. Santa Barbara Co ... Santa Clara County . Santa Cruz County .. Shasta County . ... . . Siskiyou Colmty ... . 5,000 tons 7±,709 tons 15,000 tons 9.460 tons 6:370 tons 30:761 tons ·220 tons $5,000 • 139,188 \ 30,000 , 16,69± ! 6;000 30,761 300 Totals .......... . 230,985 tons $406.041 LIM EST ONE-Continued. I \ I I \ I I VALUE. QU A NTITY. VA.LUE. Alameda County Riverside County Tulare County ... .. 3 700 t ons 75 ton 2,3 0 tons $33,300 1,750 21,420 Totals ......... . . 6,40,.. tons $57,720 MAGNESITE. MANGANESE. Plumas County 1 ton $25 1,000 cu. ft. 1,000 cu. ft. 3,000 en. ft. 6,482 cu. ft. 4,000 cu. ft. 22,030 cu. ft. $-!,000 3,000 9.000 37,512 cu. ft. $118,066 MARBLE. MACADAM. Alameda County 658,!)01 tons Colusa County ..... 3.550. tons Contra Costa Conntv 286,500 tons Los Angeles County·. 32,17!) tons Riverside County .. . 3!),300 tons Sacramento County .. 26,252 tons San Benito County .. 104,747 tons San Bernardino Co .. ·500 tons San Francisco Co .... 96,114 tons San Luis Obispo Co .. 4,080 tons San l\Iateo Count,· . . 2,111 tons Santa Cruz Count~• . . 15,800 tons Solano County .... . 247,873 tons Sonoma County ... . 26,710 tons $461.726 3,550 210 250 23,625 28.150 9°,736 48.661 375 64.988 3.000 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . l ,5-!4,617 tons $1,082,302 Inyo County ..... . . Los Angeles County. RiYerside ConntY ... San B ernardino· Co .. San Diego Coun ty ... Tuolumne County .. Totals .. . ..... .. . 60,120 I Butte County ... .. . Colusa County .... . Lake County ...... . Los Au,reles Couutv 1Iendociuo County •. : Monterey County ... 21,400 gals. 254,075 gals. 304,340 gals. 385,000 gals. 45,000 gals. 120,000 gals. MINERAL WATER-Cont'd. QUANTITY. VALUE. Napa ounty . . . . . . . an Benito County .. an Die"'O County. . . an Luis Obispo Co.. anta Bar bara Co . .. anta Clara ounty. ha ta County . ! . . . Sierra ounty . . . . . . S iskiyou County . . . . olano County . . .. . . onoma County . . . . Tehama County . . . . Yuba County .... : . . 240,000 gals. 26,000 ga ls. 2,000 gals. 4,800 gals. 39,480 gals. 11,374 gals. 22,000 ga ls. 120,000 gals. 725,000 gals. 40,000 gals. 12,000 gals. 550,000 gals.1,800 gals. $103,600 2.600 2;000 1,000 24,250 2,187 55.000 12,000 36.250 4,000 4,200 55,000 720 'l'otals . . . . . . . . . . . 2,924,269 gals. $544,016 PAVING BLOCKS. 51,233 130,936 35,100 9 800 12:000 VALUE. 1,173 l\[ 625 l\I 108 l\I 2,698 M $55,447 28,125 2,978 112,797 Totals ..... .. .... 4,604 M $199,347 PETROLEUM. 250 tons $1,720 Sacramento County . . San Joaquin County. Santa Barbara Co .. . Solano County . . .. . Ventura County ... . 60,225 l\I cu. ft. 101,000 lVI cu. ft. 600 M cu. ft. 6,341 III cu. ft. 1,825 lVI cu ft. $52,874 52,723 300 6,584 2,278 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 169,991 lVI cu. ft. $114.759 NATURAL GAS. $2,1-10 QUANTITY. Riverside County ... San Bernardino Co .. Solano County ..... Sonoma County .... Fresno County ..... 9,050,300 bbls. Kern County . .. . .. 15,100,308 bbls. Los Angeles County. 4,318,739 bbk Orange County . .... 2,426,750 bbls. San Luis Obispo Co .. 48,127 bbls. Santa Barbara Co . .. 8,392,623 bbls. 22,100 bbls. Santa Clara County. Ventura Count,)' .... 352,224 bbls. $3,620,120 4,673,867 2,633,541 1,456,050 16,845 4,166,661 5,525 211,334 Totals ........... 40,311,171 bbls. $16,783,943 MINERAL PAINT. Stanislaus County .. MINERAL WATER. 2,llJ 14,800 1!)1,231 20,14!) 29.946 12,000 QUANTITY AND VALUE OF MINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA-1907 . PLATINUM. Unapportioned 300.07 ounces $6,255 .Alameda County .. . Shasta County .... . 16,482 tons 65,788 tons $54,410 197,364 Totals .......... . 82,270 tons $251,774 PYRITES. ( 19) �QUANTITY AND QUICKSILVER, • VALUE OF 1VIINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNIA- 1907. VALUE. Q UAN TIT Y. 17 flasks Colusa County .. • • • Lake County . . . . . . . 802 flasks 2.500 flasks Napa County .. . . • • , San Benito County. . 7.675 flasks 2 50() flasks San Luis Obispo Co.. Santa Barbara Co. . . ' 60 flasks 2.518 flasks Santa Clara County. •640 flasks Sol ano Coun t.v ..... Sonoma CouD.°ty . . . . 560 flasks • ·t:y Count y .....____98 flasks T rm1 Total'> . . . . . . . . . . . 17,379 flasks RUBBLE. .\ \ 88,499 tons Alameda County ... 16,598 tons Los Angeles County. 57,100 tons 11farin County . .... . 3,000 tons Napa County ..... . 20,340 tons Placer County .. . . . Riverside County . . . 140.933 tons 5;600 tons Sacramento County .. San Bernardino Co . . 116,569 tons San Diego County .. . 38 000 tons Santa Barbara Co .. . 8,450 tons San Francisco Co ... . 29,722 tons Siskiyou County .. . . 78,000 tons Solano County .... . 5,700 tons Ventura County ... . 35.7HO tons Totals .... .. .... . 744.271 tons $648 30,604 %.400 2!12.878 95:7-±3 2.289 96,086 2-1,222 21.369 3,739 $663,178 $50,881 13,279 134,111 3.000 2-1;263 352,933 4,200 116,49-1 28,500 -1,950 32,285 39.000 7.937 • _ _g_0,880 $8:12.713 QUANTITY AND VALUE OF lVIINERAL PRODUCTS OF CALIFORNlA-'-1907. Q UANT ITY. VALUE, Alameda County . . . Colusa County . ... . Los Angeles Count.,· . Sau Mateo Count? .. San Diego County .. . Solano County .... . 5-1,9~2 ions 16 ton 12 000 H ,000 7.000 t ou 125 t n. $163,127 240 36,000 56.000 55,000 600 Totals ....... ... . ,063 t on $310.967 SALT. SANDSTONE. Colusa County .. . .. Los Angeles County. ~nnta Barbara Co .. . S iskiyon County . .. . Yolo County ..... . . 6,93-1 cu . ft . 21.196 en. ft. 39 740 cu. ft. 1'. 433 cu. ft. 250 en. ft. $78,259 19,076 37.566 12,897 350 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . 159,573 en. ft. $1-!8,148 SILVER. CO~!. VALU!:. t~~~ c0 ~~~;~t~~ 0 :.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·::::::::::: $13,515 8,n67 54,-12~ ,,i) ,301 2• 26 214 Cahn·eras Connty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colusa Countv ........... . ....... • • • • •Del ~orte ConntY .......... • • • • • • • • • El Dorado County ......... • • • · • • • • • Fresno County .............. • • • · • · • • Hnmbolclt County ......... . .. • • · • • • • 4-4-1-!0 Inyo County ............... . ... , • •~ ( 20) SILVER- Continued . K ern ount:· . .. .. .... . .. .. . . ...... . . La ·en an d Los .Angel es Counties (unap portion cd ) . . .. . .. ..... ........ . Madera ounty . ........... . . ...... . 1Iar ipo a County .. . . .. . . ... .... . . . . . ::'i i ercccl oun ty . ................ ... . :.\ fono ounty . .. . ..... . .... .... . ... . ?.fonter y Connty ... . ..... .......... . Neva<la aunty ... . .. .............. . Oran"e County. (unapportioned . ..... . P lacer 'ounty ....... .. .. ... .. .... . . P luma County .... .. .. .. ....... ... . Riverside County . .. . .............. . Sacramento County ........ .... .... . San B ernardino Cot'm ty .. .. ...... ... . Sau Di ego County . ...... .. . . ... .... . Sha sta County .... . .. ..... . .. ...... . Sierra County . ..... .. .... .. ....... . Siskiyo u Connty .. ......... . ....... . StHnislaus County . ... .· . . ........... . . Trinity County .. .. .............. ... . Tuolumne County ...... . .. . ....... . . COM. VALUE. $86,033 506 4,150 . 10 29,797 9 17,505 3,358 '943 26 2,034 81,339 35 370,211 2,621 3,037 28 2,399 6,453 SILVER-Continued. Colr. VALUE. Ventura County (unapportioned) .... . Yuba County .. . . .......... .. ...... . Unapportionecl ... .... .. .... .. ... ... . $6,187 11,066 Total .. . .. . .... . .. ..... . ........ . $751,646 SERPENT! NE. Los ,Angeles County. QUANTITY. VALUE. 1,000 en. ft. $3,000 7,000 squares $60,000 SLATE. El Dorado County .. TUNGSTE.N. $120,587 Unapportionecl ZINC. Inyo County ..... : . Orange County ... . . 144,213 lbs. 33,546 lbs. $8,598 2,000 Totals . _. ....... . . 177,759 lbs. $10,598 �REA AND POPULATION OF CALIFORNIA. ,:, ASSESSED VALUATION, A , __ _ __ __ ___ _ - r--- ·J\r a., Grand T otal - - - - - - - - ---- Popuin Sq uare Valu e of All Arca. Grum] Tol~t :\fil es. P rope r ty in 190 in s,1uurc lation Yatuc or All 1900. Property in 1G0 8. Miles. 1.-18-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . $11.932.13() Placer County 130.l0i S40 2.3Gl 3.59 ,GT..J. i Plumns County ... • • • • • • • • Alu.medn County ... _..... . ~lSG.S!12.223 50!) 5i5 T.00 21. T4 .0G7 :303.-130 County . . •• • • • • Riverside Alpine County ...... . •• • • • 11.11G GliS 1.007 ui. Gi9,07G 5.5-19.-143 Amador County .... , . , •, • • County • • • • -• • . Sncrnmcnto 17,Ui ].iii-! 1.47G 20.iln.5:i;i i .OG2,DG l Butt!' County . - .. . ... .. • , , Sau Benito County .. .• •• • • 11.200 !)!10 li.-l!l0.!1S2 20.035 33.0-I O.G25 Cnlaverns County . ... , , , , • • ••• Sun Bernnrclino County i.3G-l \ l.0S0 13.000.1-lli ·1.3TT :{ t.4-17.39!) Colusa County ..........• , San Diego County .. . . . .• • • 18,0.J.G i~,o 2H.40:i.G03 -1 2 Contra Costa County .. .. .• . San Francisco County . . ..• • -1 54.iO .331 2.40S VHG :l.SliG.i!l0 1.370 44.383.lll9 Del Xorte County ....... , • San Joaquin County . .... . . s;nsr. 1.S!ll :i,iO!l.2!l:! 3.500 17.00LGG!l El Dorado County .. ...... . San Luis Obis110 County • .. • 3i.Sli2 [i,!l-10 G0.4SG.5-H 4i0 Fresno County .......... . 2G.003. li3 San ~Iatco County .. .... . . . 5.rno l .-l0U 12.02i,-lGli 2.450 Glenn County .... ....... . . 25.3 O.liO:i Santa Barbara County ....• 2i.104 3.30i :!S.G0i.G-17 Humbohlt County ........ . 1.35G li3.4D3.Dl 3 Santa Clara County ... . . . . . -l.H.0 i.-l0!J,53!l Imperial County .... . ....• -125 1G.G30.11u Santa C ruz County ....... . , 4.377 lll.22-l 3,039,255 Inyo County .... ...... ... . -1.050 l 5.-lS!l.7fl2 Shasta Cou nty ... ... ... .. . rn,480 s:15n 32.30S.4!lS Kern County ............ . \}]0 2.373,31:! Sierra Cmmty .... . .. .. .. . !l.Sil ].2fii 10.1:.!0.G!li Kings County . ...... .. .. . G.o7S 17.4-1\},GGO County . . .. • • • • • ' Siskiyou 6.0li 1.382 3,(li8,8(il Lake County . ... ........ . \}]1 :!O. n2.2nn • Solano Coun ty ... . .. ... .. . 4.5ll -l.7"0 li.-l3G.035 Lassen County ........... . 1.5-10 35.403 . 55 ... . ... ... . Sonoma County li0,298 3.!l3i Los .\ngeles County ..... .. . 40i.li(i(i,2!l-l 1.48G 17.0lG.2:!-1 Stanislaus County . ... .... . n.3li4 2.140 !l.-13S.553 Madera County .......... . Gll 7.283.735 ·5rn Sutt~r County ........... . ] 5,i02 18.56!),5!)-l )Iurin County ...... . .... . 3.200 .1 :l.51().liliO 4,i:!0 :,'')m_ma ~aunt)· ........ .. . l.f>S0 2,303.tl0-l :\Iariposa Connty ....... . . . 3,2TG 2. ' 30,322 Inu1ty County .. ........ . 20.-!U5 3.-lG0 1-l.fl4S,85i )Iendocino County ..... .. . 4.!)3G 25,S1D.3!JG Tulare Co unty ..... .. ... . . 9,215 1.i:i0 18.0U.:>.85 )Ierced County ... . ...... . 2,28:.! Tuolumne County ..... . .. . 4.0!li 5.230,lSG 5.0ili l\Iotloc County . ...... .. .. . ~.li~9.~~7 1,850 lu,013.;:i.:,!l Yentum County . ......... . 2,lGi l.2i8,8li0 2.i!JG l\Iono County ...... . . . ... . 1,0li 1S.WS,255 23,30-l,G12 Yolo Cotiuty ........... . . . 3.450 rn.sso Monterey County .. . ...... . G25 7,137,557 Yuba County ............ . 1G.i20,2i0 lG,451 .Kupu Co'Untv ............ . 800 i.0ili,50S Nernda County ........ .. . 95S li.i89 20,213.10\l Orange County ........... . i S0 19.G!lli Totals .... . ...... .. . .. $1,904,511,22!) 158,2()7 I !· - -- -- - - - - ------• Report of the State Controller. -----( 22) ___ • _ _ _ _ _ ___ COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE- 1907. Population ALAMEDA COUNTY. 1900. .Asphalt . . .. .... .. . . Br.ick .... ... ... ... . lay .. . .. . . . .. ... . 1\lacadam . . .. ..... . J.\Iagne ite ........ .. P yrites .. . . . ...... . Rubble ........ . .. . alt ....... . ... . .. . 15,'iSG 4,Gtii li,89i 45,!>15 G,633 27.!)29 35,000 342.i82 35.-152 1G,G3i 12,004 18,!)34 G0,210 21 ,512 17.318 4.0li 1G.!lG2 24.143 38.4S0 9,550 5.SSG 10.!l9G QUANTITY. 1,416 tons 28,770 M 12,610 tons 658,901 tons 3,700 tons 16,482 tons 88,499 tons 54,922 tons H,3Gi - 13,GlS 8,620 1,485,053 _ _ $14,400 474,350 14,299 461,726 33,300 54,410 50,881 163,127 $1,266,493 I AMADOR COUNTY. Clay . . .. ..... .. . . . Copper ..... . ..... . Gold . ............ . Limestone . .. ... ... . Silver ............ . 12,465 tons 5,300 lbs. 1,000 tons $13,992 1,020 2,116,182 1,200 13,515 CALAVERAS COUNTY. QUANTITY. 42 tons Chrome .......... . . 50 tons . Clay ............. . Copper ..... . . .... . 3,941,883 lbs. Gold . .. ...... •.... . • 6,872 tons Limestone .. .. .. .. . Quartz Crystals .. . . 4,000 lbs. Silver .. . . ........ . VALUE. $840 250 609,203 1,097,974 • 16,955 $10,000· 54,420 $1,789,642 COLUSA COUNTY. Gold .. ......... .. . Silver ............ . Salt .............. . Sandstone ......... . Mineral Water .... . Macadam ..... .... . Quicksilver ....... . $734 8 16 tons 86,954 cu. ft. 254,075 gals. 3,550 tons 17 :flasks 240 78,259 51,233 3,500 648 $134,622 $2,145,909 4.383 18,35i 11,lGG VALUE, CONTRA COSTA COUNTY. BUTTE COUNTY. Gold . ... .... ..... . i\fineral Water .... . Silver ...... .. .. .. . 21,400 gals. $2,786,840 2,140 8,967 _$2,797,947 Brick . ... ........ . Macadam ......... . Asphalt .......... . · Limestone and Lime. 48,573 l\I 268,500 tons 2,057 tons $403,564 210,250 21,870 44,451 $680.135 �COUNTY MINERAL :PRODUCTS AND· VALUE-1907 . Q U ANTIT Y. VALUE. $878 3 IMPERIAL COUNTY. Brick . . ... . • • • • · • • INYO COUNTY. Copper .. . . . . .. • • • • Gold ............. . Lead . ... . . .. .... . • )Iarble .. .. . .. . . .. . Silver .... ... . . . .. . Zinc ... . . . . . ... ... $881 7,000 squares $319 ,177 31,516 2,301 60,000 122 $413,116 9,230 l\I 250,000 lbs. 9,200 Cll . ft. COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-1907. Q UANTITY. V ALUE. 1,000 l\I $10,000 6 779 lb . $1,356 57,241 13,096 4,000 261,140 lb . 1 000 cu . ft. 44 4-10 H 4,21 lb. $128,731 KERN COUNTY. \.splw.lt . . . . . . . . . . . 20,4-13 ton Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,16 1\I Gold . . .. . .... . ......... . . . Lime and Limestone . . . ... . . . P etrolemn ... . . . .. . 15,700,308 bbls. Rih·er ... . .. . . . . .. . . • • • · · · · Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 t ons $57,350 50,000 2,401 3,620,120 26 10,500 $1,400 40,lOfl 214 $260,158 18,428 878 798 169:822 4,673,867 86,033 5,~00 $6,092,606 $3,7-10,397 140 "M 8'. 598 KINGS COUNTY. Brick ...... . ..... . Fuller's Earth 1,000 l\I 100 tons $8,000 1,000 LAKE COUNTY. 1\I iner al Water Quick iher . .. .... . QUA NTITY. ·VALUE. 304,340 gals. 802 flasks $130,936 30,604 MADERA COUNTY. Brick ... . . .. .. . .. . Copper .. . . . . . .... . Gold .. . . .. ....... . Granite . .......... . Silver ... . ..... . .. . $161,540 LOS AN GELES COUNTY. \ phalt . . . ....... . B ril'k . . . . .. .. . . . . . lay . . . ... . .... . . . opper . . . . ... .. .. . :r)' ! Ulll . . . . . . . .. . . 26,610 tons 101,079 M 17,900 tons 849 lbs. 7,500 tons Lime and Limesto ne . 32,179 tons i\iacadnrn . . .. . ... . . 1,000 cu. ft. :Marble . . .. .. . . .. . . 1\fin eral Wat er ... . . 385,000 gals. Petroleum ....... . . 4,318,739 bbls. 16,598 tons Rubble .... . . .... . . 12,000 tons Salt . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . 21,196 cu. ft. Sandstone .. . . . .. . . 1,000 cu. ft. Serpentine .. . . .. .. . $353,423 895 272 20'. 500 169 50,000 25,000 23,625 3,000 35,100 2,633,541 13,279 36,000 19,076 3,000 Gold ....... .. .... . Lead . ... . .... ... . . Silver ....... . .. . . . 1,142 lbs. $405,498 60 4,500 MENDOCINO COUNTY. Brick ............ . Mineral Water . . .. . 400 l\I 45,000 gals. $4,000 9,800 I $13,800 MERCED COUNTY. Brick .... . ....... . Gold . ............ . Silver ..... .. ..... . $118,000 134,111 $252,111 ( 25) ( 2-1 ) 99,278 cu. ft. $409,708 $9,000 $-H.723 $1,250 379 13,303 93,372 506 $120,107 MARIN COUNTY. 16,000 l\I 157,100 tons VALUE. 1,250 l\I 1;895 lbs. MARIPOSA COUNTY. $4,110,985 Brick .... . ..... .. . Rnbble . .... . ..... . QUANTITY. 1,250 i\I $12,500 822 10 $13,332 • �COUNTY lVIINERAL PR Q UAN TIT Y. MONO COUNTY. . I MONTEREY COUNTY. Glass Sand .... .... Gold .............. Lime .. . ....• •· ·· ·· Mineral Water ..... Silver ............. \ • \ I $4:13,768 I I I \ \ ORANGE COUNTY. VALUEl, $383,971 29,797 Ck>ld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . \ ODUCTS AND VALUE-1907. 11,065 tons . . .. . . . 100,000 bbls. 120,000 gals. $8,178 1,076 125,000 12,000 9 Mineral Water Quicksilver ........ Rubble ... ......... 240,000 gals. 2,500 fl"asks 3,000 tons Q UANTITY • VALUE. 3,176 1\[ $26,000 193 1,303 1,456,050 2,000 Brick ... . . . ..... .. 964: lbs . Copper ....... . . .. . 24,472 lb . Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,426,750 bbls . ...... . .. Petroleum 33 ,546 lbs. Zinc . ....... . . . . . $1,485,546 I PLACER COUNTY. .Asbestos ...... • • • • • Clay ... . ... . ...... Gold .......... . . .. Granite . . .. . .... . .. Lime ......... . .. •. Limestone . . . . .. ... Rubble .... . .. . .... Silver . . . .... ... ... $146,263 NAPA COUNTY, COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-1907. -- - - - -·-·- ~--- --- -- $103,600 95.400 a·,ooo 70 t on s 20,000 tons . . ... . . 103,904 cu. ft. 11,430 bbls. 38,869 ton s 20,340 tons $3,500 20,000 482,772 94,459 11,430 24:263 3,358 $202,000 ' NEVADA COUNTY. Copper ... . ...... . . Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Granite ............ Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,082 lbs. 12,840 cu. ft. Gold . ............. Limestone . ... . .... Manganese ......... Siker ............. $4,418 2,162,083 9,300 17,505 $2,193,306 --- - __ I____·( ~(; ) $219,355 5,000 tons 1 ton Brick ... ... .. .. .. . lay . ..... . . . . . . . . oppe t· ... ... .. . .. . Geins .. . . . .. . . . . . . . Gold . . ... . . . . . . . . . Granite . .. .. . . . . . . . L ad .. . . ... .. . .. . . Lime . . .. ..... . . . . . Magne ite .. ... . . . . 1\Iaca da.m . . . . .. ... . P avin cr Blocks .. ... . R ubble .... .. . . ... . Si lver . .. . .. .. .... . Q UANTITY. VALUE, 3,800 lVI 87,260 tons 502 lbs. $102,000 174,713 100 50 3,836 134,522 170 6,500 1750 28)50 55,447 352,933 26 124,977 cu. ft. 3,206 lbs. 6,000 bbls. 75 tons 39,300 tons 1,173 lVI 140,933 tons 79 768 $719,550 PLUMAS COUNTY, RIVERS I DE COUNTY. 5 ooo ' 25 948 $225,328 ---- SAN BENITO COUNTY. Lime ..... .. ...... . Macadam ..... .. .. . :Mineral Water : .. . . Quicksilver ....... . 26,105 cu. ft. 26,252 tons 60,225 WI cu. ft. 5,600 tons $8,453 48,661 2,600 292,878 $352,592 Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . Gold . ............ . Granite .......... . . Lead .. . .......... . Lime . . _........ . .. . Limestone .. . ..... . 1\1acadam ... .. .. . . . Marble . .......... . Paving Blocks .. . .. . Rubble .... . ...... . Silver .. •...... . ... . SACRAMENTO COUNT~ Brick ... . ........ . Gold . .. . .. . ... . . . . Grani te . ... . ... ... . l\'Iacadam ... . ..... . Natural Gas ... . .. . Rubble . .. . .... . .. . Silver ............ . VALUE. 8,453 bbls. 104,747 tons 26,000 gals. 7,675 flasks SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. $869,197 16,078 lVI QUANTITY. $128,624 790,973 4,625 9,736 52,874 4,200 2,034 1,665 :M 514,282 lbs. 3,227 cu. ft. 34,211 lbs. 8,600 bbls. 74,709 tons 500 tons 6,482 cu. ft. 625 1\'1 116,569 tons $15,555 102,856 158,676 2,948 1,822 8,600 139,188 375 29,946 28,125 116,494 81,339 $685,924 SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY. Brick ...... . ... •.. . Natural Gas . ... . . . 12,250 M 101,000 iVI cu. ft. $81,000 52,723 $133,723 $993,066 ( 27) I �COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-1907. I sA;r::~~. i II ~~-~~~~-· .. Copper .... • • • • • • • • Lead ........... ••• Mineral Water .... . Marble .......... • • Gems ............ •• Granite ........... . Gold ............. . Silver ............ . Rubble ........... . Salt .............. . QUA);T!TY. VALUE. 4,47-! :XI 13,246 lbs. 971 lbs. 20,000 gals. 4,000 cu. ft. $36,430 2.659 • 52 2,000 12,000 206,336 23,650 $7,455 35 28,500 $55,000 19,900 en. ft. 38,000 tons 7,000 tons COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-,-1907. Q U AN T ITY'. SAN LUIS OBISPO-Cont'd. l\Iacaclam . ... • • • • • · 'l\Iineral Water ... • • Petroleum .... • • • • • Quicksilver .... . • • • 4 080 t on 4,800 gal.. 48,127 bbls. 2 509 fin k SANT A CLARA COUNTY. Brick . . . .. . ... ... . Lim e . . .. . ... . . .. . . Limc. -tone . . ...... . Mi ne ral Writer .. . . . P etroleum . . . .. ... . Qnir.k ilver . . . .... . QU ANTITY. 30,053 M 3,500 bbls. 9,460 tons 11,374 gal<,. 22,100 bbls. 2,518 flasks Brick ........ . .. . . :XIacaclam ........ . . Salt ............ . . . 8,07 1\I 2.111 t ons 1-!,000 toDS $86,285 2,111 56,000 $H!,396 Bi tum in ous R ock . . . Lime . . . ... ..... .. . Lime ton e . . . . . . .. . l\Ia caclam .... . .. .. . 21,955 tons 213,599 bbls. 6,370 tons 15,800 tons $591,413 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. 6,000 tons 2.167 tons 2;000 l\I 300 bbl,;;. $90,000 8.128 16.000 .316 600 I I VALUE. 120,000 gals. $483.904 12:000 2;621 $498,525 SISKIYOU COUNTY. Copper ......... . . . Gold ............. . Lime .......... . .. . Limestone ..... .. . . :Mineral Water .... . Rubble ........... . Sandstone ....... . . Silver ......... . .. . $64,707 241,179 6,000 14,800 193 lbs. 1,000 bbls 220 tons 725,000 gals. 78,000 tons 11,433 cu. ft. $39 398,017 1,000 300 36,250 39,000 12,897 3,037 $4,568,163 $490,680 SHASTA COUNTY. Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500 M: Chrom e . . . . . . . . . . . 260 tons Copper .. . ......... 27,844,364 lbs. Gold ... . ..... . ..... . ..... . 400 tons Iron Ore . . ....... . 29,222 bbls. Lime ........ . .... . 30,761 tons Limestone ...... . . . 65,788 tons P_Yrites . . . .. .... . . . Silvcl' .. . ......... . $33,000 5,200 5,568,873 791,997 400 31,900 30,761 197.364 370;211 SOLANO COUNTY. Brick ............ . 1\Iacaclam \ ........ . Mineral Water .... . Natural Gas ...... . Paving Blocks ..... . Quicksilver ....... . Rubble ......... . . . Salt ..... . ........ . 3,000 M 247,873 tons 40,000 gals. 6,341 cu. ft. 108 M 640 flasks 5,700 tons 125 tons $25.000 191;231 4,000 6,584 2,978 24,422 20.880 ,600 $262.752 $7,084,706 ( 2!)) t 2S J QUANTITY. $326,686 $258.5-:1:9 19,192 t ons Asphalt ........ . . . 14.650 1.615 l\I Brick .. . ......... . 28;9-:1:s 2;531 t ons Infnsorial Earth .. . 30,000 15.000 tons Limestone ........ . 2-:1:.250 39;480 gals. :XIineral Water .... . 300 600 l\I cu. ft. Katural Gas ..... . . 4,166,661 Petroleum ...... .. . 8,392,623 bbls. 2,289 60 flasks (iuicksilver .... . .. . 4,950 8,450 tons Rubble . ..... . .... . 37,566 39,740 cu. ft. Sandstone ........ . $60,000 434140 64:988 32,285 Gold ............. . Mineral Water .... . Silver .......... . . . SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. SANTA BARBARA COUNTY. 4,000 tons 44,518 l\I 96,114 tons 29,722 tons SIERRA COUNTY. . VALUE. $255,424 3,500 16,694 2,187 5,525 96,086 $379,416 SAN MATEO COUNTY, SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY. Asphalt . . . . . . . . . . . Bituminous R-0ck . . . Brick . . .. .. .. . .. .. Gold ............. . Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $3,000 1,000 16,845 95,743 $231,632 $347,117 Asphalt .......... . Brick ............ . l\1acadam ....... . . . Rubble . .......... . VALUE. �COUNTY lVIINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-=907. __ ------- - I I I \ SONOMA COUNTY. Brick ............ . Clay ............ . · Gems .... ..... •···· Lime ............. . Macadam ......... . . i\iagnesite ........ . l\Iineral Water .... . Paving Blocks ..... . Quicksilver ....... . Q UA:<Tl1' Y, VALUE. 11.600 i\I 10,500 tons $133.479 10,700 50 2.600 20.149 1,250 55.000 112,797 ::!l,369 1.500 bbls. 26.710 tons 250 tons 220,000 gals. 2,698 JI 560 flasks TEHAMA COUNTY, Brick . ........... . Mineral Water . ... . Q U A NT ITY. 400 i\ [ 455,000 gal . YOLO COUNTy. $3,200 55,000 andslone . . . . . . . . . Brick .. . ... . .... . . G<>ms ............. . Gypsum .......... . l\Iagnesite (calcined ) $20.000 400 ton 2,3 0 t on. 26,206 2,200 21,420" UNAPPORTION ED. VALUE. Gold . .... . . ..... . . Mineral Wate1· .... . 'i lvcr . .. . . .. . . .. . . I '---- 250 tons $3,36-! 1,720 ' 28 ' $350 1,800 gals. $1,766,770 720 6,187 Borax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,200,913 Cement ...... . ................. : .. . . _ .2,585,577 Coal ........... . .... . ... .- . . . . . . . . . . 55,849 Gold .. •............................. 11,214 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,066 Tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120,587 $1,773,677 $3,991,461 - . $69,826 Gold .... .. . . .. . .. . Lime ...... . . . ... . . 2\Iarble ........... . Silver ......... . .. . 110,000 bbls. 22,030 en. f t. $5,112 $806.876 125,000 60,120 6,453 $998,449 VENTURA COUNTY. TRINITY COUNTY. 98 flasks $533.316 3.739 2,399 $541.454 Brick ............ . Xatnral Gas ... . .. . Petroleum ........ . Rubble ........... . 1,600 .i\r 1,825 l\'.[ en. ft. 352.224 bbls. 35,760 tons VALUE • . 250 en. ft. YU BA CO UNTY. TULARE COUNTY. 2,500 .i\r QU ANTITY. TUOLUMNE COUNTY. STANISLAUS COUNTY. Gold ............. . Quicksilver . ...... . Silver ............ . VALUE. $58,200 $306.594 Gold ............. . Mineral Paint ..... . Silver ............ . COUNTY MINERAL PRODUCTS AND VALUE-1907. $12,800 2.278 211,33-! 20,880 $247,292 ( 31) �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. ALAMEDA COUNTY. moo. MINfRAL PRODUCTS BY COUNTIES, 1900-1907, SUBSTAN(~S AN[)) VAUJES."· l!lOl. l!J02. 1903. 100-1. 1!)05. l!JOG. l!lOT. /Gran~ Total. A phalt .. .... .... .. . ..... . . . ......... ... . .. . Bl'lck · · · · · · · · · · · · · • · · · · · $·10,000 ::;G7,l30 ••• $G{)',{){)() ••• $8°2·,4(){) ••• S0°0° (}(} ••••••••••••••••••••• $14,400 .......... . 474,350 .... . .... .. Clay .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . ,, , 0 :$05.a:iOO :j,413,7GO H ,299 .... . .. . . . . oal .. · .......... · · .... · ....,33·2·,oau .. . 2·(12·,272 .. .. 5501:;"~//¥;,¢~.;z/M✓i,ii'/ .. .. .. .. .. lO,OOO LOPJllCL' . ........ ... .. . ... .......... 2,1G2 ...... :... . : .. :::: .: :.:::.::::•:: :::: ::: ::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::::::: ea< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G2 ......................... . . . .... ...... .... ... . .... .......... . Lime • • · · · · • • · • • · • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 ........ . .............. . .......................... . ~ruca<laru • • • • • • • •. .. . . . . 107,5G1 10G,57G 185,205 l!l3,408 241 ,357 411,587 4GS,937 4G1,T26 .......... . i\Ingne, ite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 1 100 500 33 300 i\Inn;!alle e .. .. . .. . .. .. . . 1,300 4:3G5 7,HO : : : : : : : : : : ....... !)()() : : : : : : :·:: : : : : : : : : : : : .. .. .. : ... : : : : : : : : : : : ry ritcs · · · · · ·. · . . · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000 53,301 88,500 G2,902 G3,05S 56,000 54,410 .......... . nubble .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . . .. .. . 625 .. . .. .. .. . 7,204 42,824 7,-142 27,545 50,881 .......... . Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158,674 324,13G lG0,000 143,G05 7G,340 54,200 126,838 163,127 .......... . San<l•Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,750 ... ................. . Unappor tioncd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $233,032 0 0 0 0 0 0 203 That full justice may be giYen to all mineralized counties in California, the California . . tate ~lining Bureau publishes, herewith, covering a series of years, for the first time. the total n1lues of and detail. of min ml proclnctiou, giving to the several counties .their proper share of that which has been, heretofor e placed nu d er th e general heading of "unapportioned." This new depart.me will enable all counties to use this publication. prope rly for promotion purposes, and, it is obvious, to their legitimate and large advanta ge. In the aunnal hulleti n th e u se of the " unapportioned" column is still necessary and "·ill be so always. But there is no reason why the Yarious ri chly mineralized portions of the State should not have their mineral wealth known. as r eprescntin~ the output of a period, and it is and will be the purpose of this Bureau to spread information of this kind as wid ely as possible for the purpose of enlightening those who are seeking for mining investments or places in which to place their cap ital in plants for thr production of such minerals as are common to a large majority of Californi a co miti es. The Bureau believes that the detailed statements will prove of value to all localities and to the State of California as a \\'hole. In 1894 th e California State Mining Bureau began to keep a record, based on the indi~ridual returns of pro· ducers, of the annual mineral output of this Shte ··d ene d 1u • 1·ts scope. , • The worl·~ is 11 O\\• "1 • Unapportloned Is not ;;iven br years, as such se;;re;;ation would reve·tl P .. t b . . . . • nva e usmess m many mstan ce s . 'l'otnls .. . . . . I $TSG,3GG $GG6,838 $530,207 $662,687 $1 ,10-1,820 $1,2GG,493 $6,40-1,627 ALPINE COUNTY. Coppe r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,31!) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • • • • •• ••• •••• Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.568 $10,350 $2,701 $4,827 $575 •••••••••• Sih-cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,860 3,770 146 145 ••.•• ••• ••• ••• •• •••• Unapportioned .. .. ..............••. ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • '.rota ls ............... I · .. .. . .. .. $27,747] $14,129 $2,8-!7 ( 33) ( :J2) $514,413 • $4,9721 $575 ..... .... . ~5,-1U5 $55.735 �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCT~ BY V ALUES-1900-1907. AMADOR COUNTY. SunSTAiSCES. 1!)00. H)01. 1!)02. 1!)03. 1!)04. rno;:;. l!JOG. mo,. CALAVERAS COUNTY. IG rand Total. UOSTA "CES. $7,000 .. .... ..•. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Brick ... . ...... . .•. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • $2 ,11!) $13.72S $1D,-1GO $10,iiO $:!0,000 i.100 CJay . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . $!J.100 :-10.UOO 10.D12 ... ; ... . .. ..... - • • • • • • • - • - • • • • Coal .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . -11.2Hi l ,GGfJ 8.1!10 H.G20 !JOO 1.-100 1.:iGO Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <H,100 'iGO . ... ... . . . ..... ... ·· Glo.ss-Snnd .... . .. .. . . ..... .. • , . • • - • • • - • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2.2G0,3rn Gold . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .... 1,373.788 l.S:!:J,827 1,li2D,151 1.GOH.7H 2.0liO,r,, 3 2.-1-lG.Srn 1,700 1.:iOO 1,200 Lime ... . ...... ... ... • .•. • . • . • . • • • -· ·· ·· ·· ·· •··· ·· ··· · •• •••••• •• Limestone .. . ...... ..... ....... ... ... ... .. . .. .. • . • . . • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :i,S!)l \ -l.\130 S,OlG a.3i fl li.J5S :::.D50 • - • . • • • • - H ,mri 7,1-l-l 2,liSG -l,33G -1.0;:;;:; 1 i .!"l,:lO 1-1,57[) Silyer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unapportioned •••• •• •• • • - \ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1,020 . . ...... . . . 2,llG,1 2 .. . . ...... , 1.200 ... . .. . . .. . 13.315 Totals ............. . -\ $1,-li\.1,0ot}I $1.SSS. l!Jl \ $1,G79,113 $1,G3!1.Sl!"l $2,083,SOG I :j;:!.-lfJ0., ;:;~,1$-2 ._3_0_ 3 ._fi--l-3 l-$-2-.1--1-5-,(-lQ -\)- l-$- 1-('-,,0- 0-1-.7-l'i BUTTE COUNTY. ···· ··.I Brick • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · : • • • • S7,200I $:i.000 Gold • .. • • • • ..... • • • • • • • • $-18:i.;i !)\ SG-l.!"l78 !JHi.782 Lime • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • uOO 1,500 750 Limestone • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • •••• • ••• • I· . . . . . . . . . . ..... , . . . ~Iinerul Water • • • • • • • • • • 1,5151 1,-1::i~, 1.:iOO Platinum ...... ....... ... .. . ...... -1· . Silyer . . .. . .... ....... . · \ 13,0S2 ••• ·-1·.;:3-i \ •• •• " • d • • • • • • . • • . . . .... . . .. · 1· .. .. ..... ••••.• , . • • U napport1011e 1 2.~10 1 - -1 - -1. - --1 ·· ·· ··· ··· ••• ••• ···· ······· ··· .... .. . ... · · ···· ·· · · Totals • • • • • • • • • • • ·" • 1 $:iOO.iS(ji . $Si!l.i~] 1 ., •• $!l2G.'.!51 $ ~ $1,D-!1 ,38G\ $2.G21,104 $3,031,325 \ $2.'79i ,D-!7\~85(1ITT ( 34) 1902. 1903. 1904. 1!)05. . l!l06. 1907. Grand Total. Ch rome ... ... . ... . . .... . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . • • . . . . . $375 $300 $280 $840 .......... . Clay .. ...... ... . . .... . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 100 • 300 50 250 .. . . . ..... . Copper . .... . . . . .. ... . . . $2G8,000 $251,0G2 $2D7,2G3 414,39!l 572,022 956,315 609,203 .......... . $150,585 Gems ........ .. . ... . . . . . • • . • • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 ....... . .. . ................... . Gol d . .... ... .. . . . .. .... . 1,G4D,12G 2,024,685 2,072,939 1,904,125 1,789,184 1,736,816 1,644,234 1,097,974 .......... . L ime . . ........ . ... . . .. . • • · • ·,,,, · . ·. ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,500 . .. . . .. . ........... . . •................ .. . . Li mestone . . ... . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,430 7,635 16,955 .... .. .... . M ineral Pain t .. . . ...... . 3,800 500 778 1,000 385 1,900 . . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. . . . ....... .. . Pla tinum .... .. . . ...... . ..... ..... ... ....... ....... .. . .......... .. ........ .......... 250 ........ . ........... . Pyrites .. ... .... . . ... .. . 3,583 .. .. ..... . .... . .. . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . .... ....... . ... . Qu nl'tz C rysta ls . .. . .. . .. . 18,000 17,500 . ." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . 10,000 ..... ... .. . Silver . . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . 80,762 4-1,687 46,23-1 68,280 65,611 ......... . 74,099 54,420 .......... . U napporti oned . . .... . .. . . .......... .......... $50,075 Tota ls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $,.200 !$-1.0:!0 $3,200 I $1.300 .... . .. .. . . · · · · • • • • • • 1.Gil .:iOi 1.!"l:32.532 2.GOi .riOO :J.OlG.7-17 $2,780, .JO . · · · ·••• 230 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..... . 250 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... • • J,5GO 1,512 2,140 ... . , ... • •• 1.500 1.950 210 1.000 5 ::1,,~ l.i70 -±7 • • • • • • • • • • ... ..... . --2,ao2 7,13-l l0.SG3 S.DG7 1.• , •~•105 • • •870 • ·' 1901. $1,!)05,856 St,355,372 $2,371,013 $2,270,668 $2,275,554 $2,415,627 $2,682,863 $1,789,642 $18,116,670 COLUSA COUNTY. Brick . . ..... . . .... . .. .. . $2,160 ........ •. .• , • • • • • • • 1,800 $850 ......... . Gold . ... . . .. .... . .. ... . . l\Iacadnrn ..... . .. ... . .. . Min eral \Yater .. . .. . . . . . • • • :i·1~2.s50 • • • • 20,220 • • • • 1,500 10,575 26,100 21,708 Quicksil ve r . . ...... . .... . 80 270 396 360 Salt . . .... ... . ....... .. . 80,082 87,456 312,500 Sandstone .. ....... .. ... . Silver .............. . .. . $1,800 . ........ . ·io,sos •••ss5:ncio ••••ss·,o5i :::::::::: :::::::::: ( 35) 16,526 180 290,000 $12,321 .• ..••.•• . 225 $170 276,908 101,802 $73-1 .......... . 3,550 . . . .. .... . . 51,233 .......... . 648 .......... . 240 .......... . 79,259 ... . ...... . 8 .......... . �PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. , - - - - - - - - - -------- -- - · 1900 _ \ SUBSTANCES. PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. COLUSA COUNTY-Continued. lOOl. \ 1902. ) 1903. l 1!)04. 1905. 1!)06. 1907. !G r a n ~ I I ; $21, 70 .... ... . . .. Asphalt • • -- • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. •. ·. : : : : : : : \: : : : : : : : : : .. "s.• 403,GG-1 ........ . .. B rick .. . . . ... .. ........ . Conl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $145,000 Sl00,000 31,l G~ ... . . . . ........... . . . .. , - - • - . • • • • • • • • • • • · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cop:r>er . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,64v . . . . . . . . . . . ...... - . . . ..... .. - • , - • • • • • • · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,500' 10,3::;() 13,!)25 . . . . . . . . . . 1,413 , • • • • • • • • •• Limestone .. . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . .. .. . 22,300 .. . . . .. . . . 43.500 .. . .. .. . .. -13,038 • -- • .... ·" Macadam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,750 Gl.G20 7G.02G 210,2::iO • • • • • • • • • •• ~iinernl \ ) ater . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 l,DOO 8 1730 I D.GOO J!J.000 .......... . .. . . . . .. . . .. - - · · · · · · · · • • • • • • • • 1-1,310 J ,500 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . · - • • · · · · • · · • • • ••• Rubble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unapportioncd .. .. ... . ... ...... ...... .. .. . ... .. . . .. .. .. . .... . . . ........... , .. .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $213,905 ii,000 •••·sici,ooo\••••$.67,405 ••• ·:;7·3.048 •• •-:iG!),022 $55,Hl \- - - I-- $02,500I $129,!)14 - -I-- - -I-- - - I $1ffi,·l\J~ $2-U,0-17\ $G80,135/ $7,3!)!) $10.590 $;:i,!)-15 1-- ......"I "...... .. .. ....... . .......... •• • • • •• •• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • $10,612 $5,!)78 $881 $1,832,023 DEL NORTE COUNTY. Gold • • • • • • .. • • .. • • · .... $3,4831 $10.612\ $;3,450 . $7,183 $878 . · .... • • ... ~;~:!;u~·.. ::::::::::::::: ::::::::::\: :::::::::I: ::::::::: :::::::::: ........:~... .....:~ .. ..... .33 ••• ••••••3....-:::::: Unapportioned ••••• • •• ••• ••• •••• •• • Totals .... .. ....... .. J $3,48:lj ~10,G12f $5,450 $7.183 ( 36) S'i,417 I 1901. I 1902. I 1903. 1904. I 1905. 1906. 1907. Grand Total. .. .......... .... ... .... ... j ....... ... $162 $2,625 $1,000 ... .. .. . . . .. . ... ...... . • •• •••• • • • .. · ···· · · · oppcr ....... .......... . $500 ......... . $319 . ...... . .. ..... . ... . 24,960 . . .... .... $122 . .. .. . ..... Gold ... .. ...... ...... ... 368,;341 $292,036 335,031 $277,304 474,99-1 38-1,735 431,746 319,177 •••••••• ••• L ime ... . . . ...... .... . . . G,000 11,000 16,176 7,000 7,075 G,94G 21,138 16,198 . ... . . . .... . Li mestone ........ ....... . . . .. .. . .. . . ... ····· .. . .... ••• ••• ••• · 5,775 . . .. . .. . .. 15,318 . .. ....... . • •• ••••••• Slate ....... .. .. ..... ... 2G,250 38,250 30,000 .. .... . . . . 50,000 40,000 60,000 . .. . . . .. .. . 100,000 Sil vet· .. ... ... .... .. .. ... 2;3,129 5,977 52 .... ..... . .. . . . . . ... 2,525 2,690 2,301 •• •••••• •• • Unapportion ed . . . . . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . ... . ..... . .. . . . . .. . . . . ....... . . . . . .. . .. . ... . ..... $251,82!) ••••••••• • ... CONTRA COSTA COUNTY. l - --1- - - - 1- - -1- -- 1900. A !Jcstos I T otals •••• •• ••• , • , , • • 1 $140,9001 $101,9001 I S uDST.,:'.\ CES. I I EL DORADO COUNTY. ~20.000 I r $71,GlG I I I . I I Totals .. ...... .. .. . . . .......... $426,420 $347,263 $381,578 $284,304 $532,231 $'167,566 $556,574 $413,116 $3,660,881 I I lI I I I I ' I I I I I FRESNO COUNTY. Asphalt . .. . . . ... . . . .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . $10,068 $6,948 .......... .. . . ..... .. ........ . .. ... ·. · .. . B itumi nous Ilock . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 .. . . . ..... . . .. .. . . ... - • • • • • .. . .... • •. • • • . - . . .. ... • • Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $35,002 $35,000 $45,000 GS,000 32,400 $60,000 $64,000 $51,350 ..... .. . .. . Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182,648 345,000 . . . . . . . . . . 319 224,G-10 88,000 50,000 • • ..• •. . •. Go ld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,34U 21,462 54,427 21,538 7,809 40,037 8,493 2,401 • , • • ••• •• • • Granite . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. . 11,000 .... .. .... .. . .... .. .. .. • • . • .. .. 10,500 ..... . .. . . . .i\Iagnesile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • ••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 120 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i\Iinerul Wate .. • .. 4,500 7,200 2,400 • .. • .. • .. • .. • .. • ...... • • • • • • • • ...... • .. .. r • • .. • .. • • • • 547,960 203,444 199,931 730,673 1,520,847 2,400,300 1,974,470 3,620,120 .. . .. . . . •. . 83 Petroleum • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 . . . . . . .. .. . 91187 4 Silver • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 479 • • • • • • • • • • 21,200 111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $268,534 U n ~ppo1·t1·on d •••••••••• •• •••••••• " e •• •• ••• •• • • ,~·~·~ ··:.:·.:.·.:. ··:.:·.:.·1.·.:.·_·_··_·_· _··_·~ - - -- ·l-----l----::-:-j~-:-:::-:::::--:--::-.::-~l- =:::--::: I-::::::-::-::=: !-::::-:::::--::::-;; T otnls . ... . .. ... . , . . , 'i''-'609,8-171 .,,~480,690 $670,058 $848,028 $1,570,847 $2,734,104 $2,135,040 $3,740,307 $13,085,217 4,000 ••.. •ii,i12 : I ( 37) �____ PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. - - --~--- -------- -----,-- -- - - ---·---- \ - - - - PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. - - = - = - - = = ~- HUMBOLDT COUNTY, ~\- ~\m_a_._ _1_9_M-.~ --W-0-5-. ~ - -10_0_6_. 7 \--------~ - - -- , IMPERIAL COUNTY. 1!)07. \Grund Total. Su n sTA~CF.S . l!JOO. .) 1901. I 1002. 1003. I l D0-1. I 1005. I 1U06. I 1007. /Grand Total. SUBSTANCES. $17,0-10 10D,H4 G Id I G~,.~~i .... !lS,-18i ~1:~:Lw~.;~~ •. :. :. :. ·._-: ·: :.•. •. :. .. ... ~:~~~ ... ..~:~~~ .. .. .. .. .. \ SilYer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · \\ Unupportioned ••• •• • • ••• • 11.. Totals ....• • • • • • • • • • • !>1,400\ -- . ...... .. $ ,GOO $7,600 \ .J0,100 ......... .. -! .205 45 2 . . . ... . .. ... ····· ·· ·· ... . ... . .. • -1 $21,350 $10.-14.3\ ~~:~~~\ .... ~~'.~~~ ·········· l· ···· ···--I -- ·····-- · ••········I·· ·· ·· ·· ··! ···· ·· ····l· ······· ··I . . . . . . . . . . . . ········· 362 uo • • • • • • • 2oj 2U 128 .....•••••• •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Brick .. . . . . .... . . . . . . .. . $20,()i5 ··· ·· ·· ··· .. .... ... . ·~~~~.~~~\\•• ·$-,:~~~.~~~II• •• ·~~~.~~~\· •• ·; ~~.~~~1- -$-_3-;-ri5_1_\ _ _ f;_,':-J 3-.u-.:2-Sl- - $-5-i-,7- 0l - -$-.-1-1-,~-,2-3-1- -$-G-13-,r-1SO I " s10,oool I s10,ooo KINGS COUNTY. ~ Brick . . . ..... .. .. . . .. .. . $5,000 $10,000 $24,200 $23,300 $24,000 $20,000 $8,000 . . . . . ... . $5,000 Fuller's E ar th . . . . . ... .. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · ,... 0.000 • • • • • • • • • • 1,000 .• . ... ••• .. Unappor tio ne<l . . ........ . ...... ...... •• ... . .. .. ' . ' '.' ' .. ' ••• '.' •• • • · • • • · • • • • · • • · • • • • · • • · • • • • • • · · • · • - •• - - • $10,500 T ota ls .. . . . . . ........ , $5,000 $5,000 $10,000 , $24,200 $33,000 $20,000 $9,000 $140,000 INYO COUNTY. I I \ I I I- J?l' ,,·ons\ $1.35G .......... . 10.H!) 9.013 (j~:0-l;il 3.-l:.!O ""'' \;.!" \ 13;:D::ill .;:soo 7-1,3;; "3"5"\ 150.:i1il 5.'.!i O Hi.'.!-1i 11.SG7 57,241 .... .. 13.0!lG • .. • • • • " •• Mubl• . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.000j 3.0001 1',0001 4,S00 4,000 • • • • • ••• ··: ~:~~:0 ~:.:: : ::::: : .•. •. ·. : •. •. Copper .. ....... . ..... . . . Gold .. .............. ...... Lead .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . I 11~~~ ::::::·.:: •. ••••$30.30:i •• •·i~i.:iool:::::::::: \:: ::::::::I:::::::::: ::::::::::\: :::::::::: '":iia.li55 38,840 S134 . n 1 l(i2 ,40li 2-1,0-10 Soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u0.000 -100,000 .i0,000 . . . . . . . . . . . ......... \" .. . .. .. • .. • • • .. • • • .. .. .. .. .. .. " .. • • Zinc . . ................. · \ · . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... \. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • S.5!lS • • • • • • ·; Unappo1·tioned ..... .. . .. . \. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • $71-, - :!3~ 'fotuls .... . .. .. ..... · II ,·-rno,:.iSD\; - -- -- -- - ·-- 1 ~GGS,G1s - --- - - ' - - 1 S1S1414 · ' 1 ,s:139-031 ,.:, --'---- - - - ' --:---- ( 38) Sl(j!) , , ,!HSI .....!___ _ _ __L__ S??'l -95 , ---,u .$50,2G4 ",p1"8 ~ - ,,.a11 1 I KERN COUNTY .. $8,350 . . ... ..... .. ... ........ .... ................ ... . ....... .. ... ... ........ . Antimony ... . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . $14,020 43,126 $101,500 $100,787 $124,110 $105,860 $231,360 $260,158 .. . . ••..• • • Asphal t .......... ..... .. 03 ......... ............... ........ ..... ....... ... ... . Bituminous Rock ... . ... . . .... .. . .. .......... .. ........ 17,300 23,400 24,500 30,000 4.900 G,000 34.200 18,428 • ••• • • • •••• Brick ..... . ... . . . ..... . . (j4 71i2 ••••••••••••••••••••• Cla y . .. ... ... ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750 67,GOG 27.112 GGD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• • ••••• Coppc1· ....... .. ... . . .. . 3,750 19.500 l!J.246 4,750 D.500 ............ .. . .. .. ... . ... .. .. ......... .. Faller's Earth .. ... .- ... . . 805,252 1,007,059 1,lGG.982 1,022,353 1.426,523 1,160,971 806,117 SiS.708 •• • • ••••••• Gold ... . .. : .. .. . .... ... . 8.000 8,000 . . . . . . . . . . 11.000 • • • • • • • • • • G,500 • • •••••• ••• Gypsum ... .... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51,700 $2,iOO 80,856 76,246 172,000 255,500 26i,O!JG 153.003 ••••••••••• Lime . .. ........ . ...... . . ... ... ..... . .... . .... . .. , . , ... , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +!,000 • • • • • • • • • • 16,810 • •• • ••••••• "Limestone .. ...... .... . . . • ---- ( 39) �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. LOS ANGELES COUNTY. lJllST.\ :'iCES. 1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ,..._ _ _T \ _ _ _ _s_u_n_sT_A_x_c_Es_._ _-i-_1_n_ oo_. - ,__ 1_no_1_. _J__rn_o_2_.--i--10_0_3_. -f- -1-!l04_.-r--_1_n_o_5:_T_1_!J__o0__.~ T ~J:::!)=O~•·=j\_G_ra_n_c1_rr_o_t_n1_. ,~~;•,;g~->Lfl~~:o~~ : : : : ::::::: 1 1 3 ~s2,.:u s $1.lHJ.GlG ~1,!l55,GS5 $3.G00.230 $3,431),4108~ S3,ll-3':·~~ $ Petroleum ... ... . ....... . "r. ,JO.-!Hi !J!l.13;, lH,GH 1:i , '-' ct , Silver .. ............ .. . - . . . . :~::'.~ ' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • 18.800 1 3,GOO Tungsten ............... . .......... .. ... .. .. . . . .. . ... . . Unapp~rtioned . .. . .... . . . 1- - - - -1- - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - $3 5,-12i S·1.9l2,Q9;:; $5 H7, 28 $G.092,GOG ! $34,S5S,SSS LAKE COUNTY. Mineral Water . . . . . . . . . . !$-13,-!00 $120.360 :$12G,GG3 Quicksilver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,3-!5 211,324 161,508 Unapportioned .......... : .................... . ........ . 1 ~1'-,,.. " a. li"- I 1\ ·s221.ooo 10G.3!)7 lO!l,Tll.l $'.:!l!l.500 ;:;J,!137 ~lG0.000 3 ,!JO!) $l 30,!J3G 30,GOcl ... ·······• ~~S,423 l- - -- l - -- -l- - - - l - - - -l- - - -l- - -- l- - - - - l - - - - l -- Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1i2,74ci $331,6S4 $288,231 $1Gl .5-!0l :;:2,077,,0r. $.1!)8,!)Qf) $:WHllS $330,iW LASSEN COUNTY. -Golcl Silver • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 7- ·-- . I - --,I- - - - ,----,-1$1D.SOil (ii1i ~5.!1001 :.!00 $23,410 2-14 $!)1,102 1.203 - - - , - - - - - . - - - - .- - - $11G.9!l::l ................ _............ . 1,[i][i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ··•••• . • • .. • Unapportionecl •••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••... ·I · .. ......... .... .... . ...... . .. .. ...... _....... ... __ ......... • • • :~·:!17,l!l-l Totals ••• •• •• • • • -~- -~ -,--__---~-:.!1 -1.-~-)l-_-_-~.l-i.1_0_0 \--:;;-,~-::-,r--,:;-4 1---~()-:!-.:'-,(J-:-i· l--~1 - 1-S-,5-0-S-1.. .-.-.-.-.-.-.-. '-.-.-.-.---.-.-_.-.-1-.-.-.-_-.-_-_.-.-. ( a In 1900. rno1. 1!)02. $100,000 27G,!l25 $152,838 264,825 $171,004 335,GiO _ _ _;K~E~R~N~C~OTU_N_T_v_-_c_oln-ti_n~u~ed~-~ 1 - : : : - 1- - : :- r ~: - ; 1: : :: - unapportioned. Lassen <:ou11lr in unappor t ivnctl siuce 1!in4 . (~ - A s~ht~l t . ... . . .. .... . . .. . Bnck . .... . .. .... ... . .. . Cemen t .. ...... . . . . .. . . . Clay . . . . ... . .. .. . . .. ... . Cop1 er .. .. . . .... .. . . .. . Glass- and .. . . .. .. . .... . Gold . .. .... ... ... .. .. . . . Granite .... .. . . .. .... .. . Gyp um . .. . .... .. .... .. : Infusorial Bar t h . .. . .... . Lead ... ..... .. .. ...... . 1003. l!JO-t l!l05. l!JOG. 190T. ) Grund Total. $332,GOO $_307,0GS $110,430 $259,200 $353,423 .......... . TOG,334 7GT,S27 853.810 82G,831 8D5,2T2 .......... . 1,17;\ ..... . ... ............ .... .. .. . ..... . .. _........... . •••••••••• •••······· .• 10,7TG 390 890 115 G,000 lG,O<m 3-!,250 20,500 .......... . lGD .......... . • • · • • · • • • • · · ·. ·..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • •• : • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,558 4,254 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . 10,312 7.20fl 8,674 12,402 15,035 ..... .... .................... .. 5,508 li,500 3,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. . 10,000 35,500 . . . . . . . . . . 38,441 . . . . . . . . . . 43,500 G!l,000 50,000 ....... . .. . .......... 300 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 ...... . .. .. .. . ...... . 50-! ......... . 20,000 . ....... .. . 5,000 .......... . 23,625 . ........ . . 22,000 .. .. ..... . 13,i[iO 21,250 23,000 2G,OOO 5,800 3,000 .......... . Marble ... . .. . .... . .... . l\Iincral P aint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 ...................... • •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • - • • l\Iinernl TI'ater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,rioo T,084 31,250 5,128 35,100 • - - - • • . • • - • Natural Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 . .. ..... .....•.•• : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • P t I 1,~,22,S87 1OG2038 1075.8GS 1,2!J-!,8GG 1,289,DlO 1,050,188 !JOS,S00 2,633,5-!1 .••••••• - •. e ro eum ·· ··. · ·· · · ····-' ' ' • 9--· 4~09• 1-0-·o 13 9-9 • 1 ,a;:, Hubble . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . JS,552 53,720 75,547 10-!,435 Q_,;:,1b '• -" ,- 1 • • • • • • • • • • • Sa lt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l!J.!)50 180 _20,000 24,480 20,~0 3G,~OO 36,0~0 •••• • •• • • • • Sandstone . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 3,7GO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . D,734 13,14G D,D;:iO D,;:,40 19,0,G ••••••••••• S ti 2,000 S00 . . . . . . . . . . 800 2,310 . . . . . . • . . • . • • . • • • • • • 3.000 ••• - • - - • - •• • erpen ne • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 73 100 1,(',!l-! . . . . . . . . . . . ......... . Sil,·e r • • • • • • • • . . • • . . • • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10,124 2.315 ... ...... ... . ....... J.................... . 11!) • • • • • • • • • • ................... · \ · ........ . $337,303 Soa11stonc • • . . . • . . • . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • U n:i ppo1·tion erl •• ••• •••••• t_·_·:__:·:__:·:__:·_:_·~-:__·:._ ' ''./~·:__·:._·•:__:·:__:·_:_·~-:._··l·-~ - -~·-·_·_·_ ··_·_,_··_·_·_·_·_··-·-::'1-·--:·-::·-::·::··:·:·:· 1-----1----2 S:? 'i4!l l'>S $9 !)2!) GD-11 $:.!.234.354 $2,3-!G,202I ~4,110.\JS5 Sl!l,5S2.3Si -- ~~olals ........ ..... . · / f.:!,15fi.1DS/ :jil,G-!2,5!)] $1,v·_o_•,_93_ _L·,_-_,._,_ -ll_,_-_' _ '_ 1..I_ _ _....,.!___ _ __,__ _ _ __:_._ _ _ __ Lime .... ... .. ....... . . . Limestone . .... . . ..... .. . i\£n cndnm . . . . ... ........ • 10,000 .. . ...... . 18,000 ~-!•-::;-:~:;;:J---;;;;~~::; ( 41) �0 i PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. MARIPOSA COUNTY. I MADERA COUNTY. l - - - - - - - -- - , - -- -r- -]-!)Q_]_ T _ rn_O _"_ T _l_!J_0_3_. 7_~1~!):0-~!.-r~l!):0:5-.l - ~1~!):0~G-. l-~1~!)~0~7~.ll~G~r:a:nd~T:ot:n~I.SunsTA:-CES. 1!100. • • • -· \- - - - - - - - -- - -t" \ --.,.. ~-.0-0-01--- .•-~~-.0-0-0!- -S-,1-.8clO~--S!J_i_2{---~3-.-i:i-◊+-.-. .-.-.-. .-.-.-.1.-.-.-.-..-.-.-.-. r--~$~J=2-=.:'i:O:Oi. -.-.-.-. .-.-.-..-.'\ I ;1 moo. S onsT.\:S-CE-- B rJ•c1{ " " .. • • .. , .. ., " • • ·' v 3'j!) • • • • • • • • • • • 0 1-v 0-2,13() cl,(j Q },313 " .... •" • " " • .. " • Copper ..... • .... •...... 'iT.G O • '· 11 ,0,0 75,303 $il0,Sl.i7 <::22,300 13,::)03 • • • • • • • • • •• 03 10-l.13-1 S:!.i-l!J 3G.128 lG !)' ' 3- " Gold .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. 80000 2!.l4.i!JD 78,041 HS!J.820 !JS,083 123.lOG lTG,-~ '-'• ,_ .. ... : .. ... Granite ••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • .......... .......... 10.01-l . . . . . . . . . . •1'i ...... • • • • • Lead • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 000 1.000 .......... .. ..... ...... ... .. . ... . ....... . hlacatlmn • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••• ··oo ... .. ~· 000 • GOO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ...... . Rubble • .. .. • .. • .. .... .. • .. • • .. .. • • >uGOO • . . , • •••••••• ~ 2:; . . . . . . . . . . GOS "0G . . ... ..... . 3 Sil,er ......... • .. .. • .. .. S. :: :.. • '-' - 000 .......... .......... $G.:i, U•:::,::' ::::·.::::::\ '·;;;,;,;;;I' ~~_;;,I· ' ;, ;;;;; '' ;,;, ;;;,\'' ;17;,;: 1' ' ;;;,,:; \ $1'0,314 $120,107 $2,027,350 Totnls . .... . .... .. .. . $171,516 Totals , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • \ $12'-.2:2i 1 S!1i,i00 ~iS.OD:il $132,000 SlG3.3 ·;:; srn0.300 $118,000 .... •. • • • • • 2. HiO !100 . . . . . . . . . . 32,2:iO G3.00b .... . . ..... • • • • • • • • • • 10:i.3GO 13fl.-132 170.!1!13 12.000 300 134.111 ••• ••• 1 -100 ··· • • •• • ••••• • I. • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•••$4!i,ooO S20\i,(i00 ~218.-1271 ~302,!)!151 ( 42) l!JO-!. 1005. 1900. 1907. /Grand Totnl. $542,975 $GH,2!lS $552,51G $-134,0iG $393,592 $360,771 $-!O!J,7081 $3,529,883 Erick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $400 $2,500 $2,000 SG,580 $3,120 $G,470 $5,000 $4,000 • • • • • • • • • • • 75 40 19 ........ . . .. ........ . 'i5°,000 12,000 18,000 9,800 9,800 · · · · · · · · · · · • • • • •• • • •• . • • •• •• • •• • • •• • • •• • • • • • • • • •• • • • • •• • •• • • • $18,000 s·,220 ......7,898 •••• Unapporti oned • •• • ••• •••• I-·-·_·_·_·<:.!·8-·.-44·,- ·s·-1-·:-·-·c_·:-~.-~2-·~11:_·_·_··_·$_·~-.~-~-~IL-S-2-0-,5-80-1--$-1-5,-l!J-5·1--$2-4-,5-1-◊l--$-=--1:-:4-::,8--:-19:::-l--:$=1-=3,-=soo='---;s::1:35:--,!)7:,:o ~.~Id • ' •.;.,: •t.. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .... ·s·.~ ;8· .. ... 1 ,umera " a er • • • • • • • • • • \r.t .., .., MERCED COUNTY. ................... .... ....... ,............ ........ ............ ...... .. ~:!f\2.riOO I 1903. MENDOCINO COUNTY. MARIN COUNTY. I 1902. Copper . .... • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • ~30,180 $11,0-10 ~G,808 Sl,4GG ~1,056 .............................. . $157,GG3 50-l,!)28 G31,478 542,355 420,iil 38G,380 ~3G6,3!H $-105,408 . . ........ . Gold •• •• ·, • • • ••• • • • • • • • • Lead ... ..... , .. .... .. . . •.••••.• , . 3,080 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,377 GO ........ .. . P latinum . . . ........ . ... . .. ... ..... .......... ...... .... ...... .... .... ...... 25 ............................. .. Sill'Cl' .. . . .......... .. . . 13,853 4,7Si 3,880 3,3G3 2,839 5,231 . . . . . . . . . . 4,150 . ... ... ... . Unuppor ti oncd ........ .. . · · · • · · · · · • • · · • • · · · · .. · . ... ,. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,431 Totals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brick .... . ..... .. . • ••• ••I ~200,000\ $100.2-10 l\Iacadam •• • ••••••• • • • • • , • • • • • • . • • • S2:i Rubble •••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 2.i\Ofl 2i .1fi2 Salt ••••• ••• • • • • •• • • • • • • . • • • • • •... . . . . . . . . . . Unap11ortionctl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1901. $207,83~ ~252,G00 $25'...,1111 $1,813.295 $12,500 .......... . $6,000 $3,500 Brick ... . ... . ... ... ... . . ... ...... . ··• •••••• • $1,135 .. ..••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••• •••• ••••••• $780 $1,656 $12,453 Copper .. .. ... . ...... .. . . . • • • • • · · · 822 .......... . ····· · ···· ·•••••• ••• •••••••••• 10 . . ........ · 1 Gold • • • • . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • · ·•· · ·· · ··· • • • •• •• ••• . .................. . $18,26-1 Silver ••... . .. . . .. .. . . .... . .... . . . ••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ................... . ·····••• •• ••••••••• • Unapportioncd . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • _:__:_:_::_:__:__:_:_:j_:_:_:_~:_:_:_~1_:_:_:~:_:_:_~l~-~.. ..:·:..~l~~~:;;;l-~;.;~ll-~;.oool-$1~32f-$~~ ~l lB" cg GOO $0,000 $13,332 $57,120 $1,656 " ' u ,;, ' ' $i 80 l~ otals •.. . ...... . .. , . . . . . . . . . • • $12,4531/_ __ _:=L~;_J'.____ _J_ _ ___11__ __,__ _ _.,_____ __ _ I ~-~-~ ( 43) �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY V'ALUES-1900-1907. , MONO COUNTY. 1!)01. $GT0,200 4,000 2.000 75.!)21 ~305 ......... . 4!)3.355 $510,590 2,000 3,000 1,HlO 154 25,001 30,548 ... ..... ..... .. , $7[i2,121 $[i49,29S Copper ................. . Gold ................... . Lime .. .. . ... . .. .. . .... . Lend ....... . . . .. .. . . .. . Silver .... .. ........ ... . Unapportionecl . . .... : ... . Totals 1902. 1900. SUBSTANCES. 1!)03. 1904. mo:;. lDOG. NAPA COUNTY. 1907. )G rnnd Total. $208 ... . .... ... ... .. ... . . . . . . . ... . . .. .. ... ... .... ······ 334,713 $268,!)30 $308,884 $33 ,G9 $3 ::l,9T1 . . .... ... . . 5,000 850 ...... . .. .... ... . .. . 36 . . . . ...... . . ..... .. ...... . . . . ............ ..... ... .. 20,0GT 2,055 11,240 13,151 20,791 • • ••••••••• .......... S106,73G $3G0.024 $35 1, 49 $413,76 s llST.\l'\ CES . i I 1900. .. . ... .. . .. MONTEREY COUNTY. Asphalt • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • \I $l 488 \1 \I I I B rick • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. • 1,600 : : •. : : •..: •. : : •. •. •. •. : •. : •. •. : l1 •· : : : •. •. : •. •. •. \ •· : •. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : .. : : : •. : : : : 00 n1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, Glnss-Snnd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • ,, 1' 000 •• • ·,·.. . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $24,000 .. .. . ... . . . G0 Id ... .. .. . .. ... . . ·,-... :;;12,225 $-!,9Gi ' 7,2721 $8,121 s!J,125 S. l'i'"' ... . . .. . .. . 0 13,800 6,SGO S,!)20 6 D-!1 4 00 ... , 9 • • • •• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Infusorial Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • , 0 lJ_ ;J 1,0, G ........•. • • •• •• •••• L ime . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •••• •••••• 15.750 •• •• •• 13,200 400 . . . . . . . . . . . . .......•• Limestone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,800 ~ -oo 3.240 10.000 50.000 ]25 000 .. . .. . . ... . M cl I .,J •• • • • • • • • . 0,000 ?J "00 • ' 2,503 900 2,300 - ,<> • • • • • • • • • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......•••• • aca nm • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :!~~~~! Water • • • • • • ••• • • 4,000 3.250 1,750 1? . ..... . ..... .. ..... . .. . . ... .. . . ... . ........... .... . 2,775 G.3GG 4,300 's~~ l,OOO 1,000 12,000 12,000 . . . •.••• • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • Silver • • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IS •• ••••••••. . .. .......... ..... . .. ........... ........ Unapportionecl • • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c •••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••• 9 ..... .. . .. . 3 •• ••••• •·· 112 500 ~ ~:': ~·;:r~m™ts;;;,;;1-·-·_· :··~·:--··~·:· 1-·..:.·~ - :· -~·:..·:..:··~·.1-·:.:·..:.·.:.·:..:·-~·:_·.:_·~-, ~-.:_·.:..··~·~·.:_·.:.. · .:..··t ·.:..··.:_-~·~·:...·.:.. · .:..· Totals , •••• , •• •••• •• · jl ~~10,17:i/ i-.'ilO.l l',9 ' ,S51, '<u ' '.!G $30,253 $43,0-!} $23,121 $549,lli $G4,153 $146,263 ( 4-! ))- ' - - - - - - - 1 ._ __J__ ___J__ _ _!_ _ __ _ I 1901. I '.rota I . ... .. .. .. . . ... $403,100 1!)02. I ... .. .. ...... Ceme nt ... . ..... . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. Limestouc ... . . .. ..... . .. . . . . . . $6,690 l\[acaclnm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ... ... . . 11,622 $17,400 ;ua;;ne itc . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 72,200 109,900 ~Iinern l ~Y ater . . . . . . . . . . 388,176 Quicksih·cr .. . .... . , .... . 403,500 Rubble . . . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . .. ... •. Unapportioned . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ... .. . S3,G40,56G I 1903. $435,552 I 1904. I 1905. I 190G. I 1007. Grnncl Total. I ... ...... . ...... ... . .......... .......... . .... ... ... ..... ..... ........ .. .......... .......... . .... ...... $315 ... ...... . .......... ••••••• ••• .... ... .... 015 450 78 .......... •••••••••• . ....... .. ..... .. .... 124,000 104,750 $00,500 $103,600 ........... $89,500 97,048 95,400 ••••••••••• 80,870 171,910 109,586 333,006 304,474 3,000 ••••••••••• 277 500 3,704 3,375 500 ···· ·· ·· .... ... .. . .... .. .... .. ·•·· ···· .......... ....... ... ••• ••••••• ....... ... ~2,639,727 $516,388 ......... ..•••••••••• ········ $8,406 $410;968 $308,433 $800,848 $201,910 $180,147 $5,009,521 $202,000 si,GOO :::::~: NEVADA COUNTY. ·;3,400 .•.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 · _s~, $6,235 Co pper .. . ... . . . . . ... . . . . $20,472 Gold ... . . .. . . .. .... . ... . 1,812,036 2,121,054 Granite ... ......... . . .. . ...... .. .. . . Silver JS,122 68,841 Platinu~ ·:::: :: : ·.·: .·. ::::: Pyrites . . .. . .. .. . . ... .. . . Unnppo rti oned . .. .... .. . . . ······• • i l_ $3,975 2,142,740 3,000 6,124 .......... .. ........ $4,418 . .••••.•••• $585 $3,179,715 $2,658,420 2,162,083 . . ..•.•..•• $3,130,304 2,458,047 2,570 0,300 9,300 . . . .. .... • • 5,305 4,100 32,523 24,210 17,505 .• . . ...•••• !),555 3,252 20 ..... ... .. •• •••• • •• • ••••••••• • • ·••••• •••• ••••·i1,550 •••••••ii20 :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::::: ··•••••••• :::::::::: :::::::::: , ••·s4'o,j,ooo .. ···· ··· · ··•••••• •• •••• ••• ••• 1 ····· ·· .... . ······ · •••• ••• ••• --"54 S,3,214,8281. $2,691,939 $2,103,30Gjl $20,32!),!}40 ~ otals •............. . , $1,010,8991 $2,145,84 ' O $? 15- 839 $2,466,0-!4 $3,145,- • -, D; ( 45) II ' : l I i �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. - - - - -- - - - - -- - - ------ ---------- ------- --- - -------- - - - - -ORA NGE COUNTY. PLACER COUN TY Continued. I I 1!)00. Su ns-r.~;-.ci,;s . I S unSTA~CES. Brick . ... . .. . ... . . . . . . . . Clay . . . ..... .... . .. .... . Coal . ... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . Copper . .... ... . . .. . .. . . Gold moo. • I l!J0l. t l!J02. I 1!)03. l!JO-!. 1905. 190G. 1907. /G rand Total. I I .... .. ... . ! .. . . ..... . $13,000 i:1.300 .. .. ... .. . $9,000 $11. 00 H ,5S1 $13,500 , - G,000 . . . .... . 12,900 ... . . ..... . . ..... . ::: i 1!)3 ... ... . ... . I l. 1901. I 1!)02. I l!l03. : 1no-1c. I 1005. I l!JOG. I ]!)07. I /Grand Total. P latinum . ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... .. . •••• ·· ···· S2S0 S3i5 $3G $12 ••••••• ••· • •• • •••••• • Quartz Crystals . ..... . . . . . . . . . .. . . •• . . ···· ·· •• • •••• • • · 1,DG8 ••• •• ••••• •••••••• •• ••••• •···· ••• • • •• •·· ••••• •••••• .. .............. . :j;lD,S00 $12,973 Hubble 13.1]!) $50.43:i 13,0ii 22,779 5,100 $24,2G3 . . . .. . . . . .. 12,05S 4,82S Silrcr .. ' . . ..... . ..... ... 3.3-!1 1,11G !),320 8,0-!1 3,358 •• ••• • • •••• .. ... .... . ••• ·· • · ·· · •• ··· · · ·· · •• •••• •• •• •••••• •••• •••••••••• Ulll\J)[lO l' U OII C'cl ...... ..... . . . . . . . . . . ...... . .. .... .... .. $SG1,-!16 . . .. . ..... . . ... ... .. ... Tota ls . . . . ........ ... , I $1.128,S82 / $1,025,1S-! / $1,018,-!87 I ~S00,985 $1,00-!,0!)8 SiDS,G4--l I $13!),]!)2 $i19,550 $7,4DG,-!38 PLUMAS COUNTY. Copper .. . . ..... .. .. .. . . · · · · · · · · · . 1. · · · · · · · · · · · · . · · · . . . $2-li • • • • • • • • • • S157 Gold •• 5,000 .. .... . . .. . Limes;~!~~·:: : :::: : ·.·.·.·. :: : .. !.3.G.5:~~~1 . . .s:~.1:~~~ .. :~.3.s.o:~~~ .. . : .2.4.'~~~ . . .$~:.o.'~~~ . . . ·2·s·~·~~~;: 40 . . . . . . . . . . 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 25 .. ... .. : .. . 10 Manganese . . ......... .. . Plati num 1 Silver . . . : : : : : : : : : : .... : : : : ::::::: :: ::::: ::::::: ::::::: ...... .'~~~ : : : : : : : : : : : ~:i:5:~~~ U11:i.pportio11 eu . ....... .. . : : : : : ~:,~~~,: : : : : 1 -- - -l- - - -1- - - - l - - - - l·- - - -J- - - ' - - l · - - - -1- - - - 1 - - - $-124,SO-! $2i0.D03 $2S4,-HJ7 $230,4GO $225,328 $2.GGG,Oil Tota ls . · · · . ... .. .. .. . / $3G!l,379/ $403,832 / $381,203 I I I I I f2:~~.~~~ ·$·210•355 ::::::::::: $G,!Ji l ,210 PLACER COUNTY. Asbestos . . . . ..... ... . .. . Clay . . .. . . ... . . .... . ... . Copper .. . . ... ... ..... . . . Gold . .... . ....... . ... .. . Gran ite .. . .. ... . . .... . . . Lime ... . . . . .. . . . ...... . L imestone .. . l\Iacndnm ... ."."."." .• .".".".":: • Paving Blocks . . .... .. ... : $3,500 .. ... .. .. • • $2,500 20,000 . ... . .. . . . . 1:i.000 3 ,GOO .... . ... . . . ... . . .. .. . -!82,772 ... . . . . . •• • !l-1.-!5!) . : .. .. . .•• • 00,030 11,!)50 11,430 .. .. . . • • • • • 7!J,7GS .•• •• • • • • • • ' . ~ ' . ' . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . ······• • . .. . . . . ~·~~~ ~~~ ~!~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ RIVERS IDE COUNTY, ·······- ·· · ·••• •••••• •• •• •• ••• •• Asbestos . .. ..... . . . ... . . Bismuth · · · · · ·· ··• ·• •• ••• ••• ••••• • ••••• $102.000 .... ..... . . 17-1,713 ... .. . . ... . B rick: •••••••••••••••• Clay • ••.• •. ... . . . . ' .. . . . ..... ..... . . . . ( 47 ) : ; �7) PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907, RIVERSIDE COUNTY Continued. 1004. 1!JQ3. l!JOG. ]f)Oi. \u rnud T ota l. $3,000 .•.• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • $l;i,000 $i ,OOO .;·rno .. .. ..... . . Coal .... .. ... ... ... ... . . 50 ... . .. . . . . . Copper . .... ... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·i2.;oo • • • • ·;:i.i-ioo 3.8;3lj .. . . . . .... . 43 ,-!r)n3 : Gems ... .... .. ... .... •·· J()D. 747 • ••• ~·7.947 ••••$1.3.4~3 • ••• • 3:i,GUO 131,522 . . . . . . . .. . . Goltl ................... . 1-l!l.:!!l:! 3i.4ii0 4S.!)i5 l!J:i,3lH !):!,300 4· ,' • v ;:ii.tiOO GJ.!100 Granite . .. .. .. . ... ... .. . 3.000 500 •••• • • •••• Gypsum ............... . · ·· ······· ; ~u •••• ·~◊,000 20.0 0 G,300 ... .. .. .. . . L eutl . ... . .. ... . ... • • • • • ..... .. .••.••• ·1·,;° Lime ... ..... .. . ... . ... . ·· ·• ••·••• ~, ·····;7000 -s:500 ...... :... .... ....... ... .... .. . . .. .. ... . .. .. ... . .. . Limestone .............. . l\Iacatlam .. ........... . . : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ......5.:~~~ ... . .2.2_'~~~1.... .... ·l·G··~~~ . .. ..2.-1. ~'.~ l\Ingnesi te ..... ...... . .. . 1.:iOO . . . . . . . . . . 1.500 2.::500 2.iiOO , . . . .. _.. . • . D.000 • • • • • •• • •• • l\Iarble ....... .. . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . !l.3fi0 3ti.OOO1 ti.OclO :lli.000 :!4.000 [>3.+!i .• • ••• • •••• Paving Blocks . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10.25s 43.t:.!:l l 11~1.-112 21;:;.2:..:nl 78,,25 3(i2,!l33 .• • .••••••• Rubble ............. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S,000 12.000 20,000 :.!O.OOOj 13.000 . . . . . . .... 1•••••••• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Salt . ...... . . ... .. . . . .. . 200 500 . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . .. 1• • • . • • • • • • . • •.•••• • • I . . . . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Santl Quartz ........... . li.S-18 2,150 D4 13,; 0 :lW I 231 2G . .. • • • • • • • • Sih-er ........ . .... .. .. . 4,5!)2 Unapportioued ...... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · , · ..... . . . · 1· ..... .. .. .. . . ... . . · \ • • • • • • • • • • • 000 ......••.••••• ·~i 1··········1·······::: ::::: :::: .· ·····1:-;ii :: ::::: :::: ·20 000 •••• ~.~·~~~ Totals ..... ... .. .... . $283.112 $:llii.tiOS $33-l.G221 $-HG.-l-1!1 S5S3.3SG\ 1 SACRAMENTO COUNTY. Brick .. . .. . . ... ........ . Copper ....... .. . . ..... . Gold . . . .... .... ...... .. . Granite ....... . ........ . $53.400 l,G.OOi 3,13!) I $338.3tiD \ $330,G,3I :j: CiD,lDi \ $3,S2!l,OOS - - -S_A_cl_R_A_M_E_N_T_orc_o_u_:__:_:N.:.T.:.YT-_:C::.:o:n'..:.ti'.'.'.n~ue:d~.---,---.-----.-----J I 1900. I 1901. I 1902. I l!J03. II 1004. 1905. 1900. 1907. Grund Total. ~14,157 $6,763 $19,064 $1,,225 ;\lncmlnm . • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • $21,457 $20,32(; $17,426 $0,736 .......... . 11,750 . . . . . 31,200 Xnturnl Gas . • . • • • • • • • • • 30,518 30,200 43,56-l 52,874 52,Si-! .......... . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .... .. . . . . 700 Platinum . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 200 ..... ..... ... . ...... . •••••••••• •••••••••• Hubble ... . ... .. ....... . . . . . . . . ... 1,1G3i 316 051 246 12,060 715 4,200 .. ...... . . . DSG 544 330 234 Silver .. . .. .. • .. • • • • • • • • 7fi 20G 3,640 2,034 ... . ..... . . $245,74, l'napporlioncd . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . ... ' Totals .. . ..... . . . ... · 1 \ ~~g ::::::::::: s I Sl'.llST A1' CE :ii.~ ss 0 • I -1------t-___ 1 __7 ___7 ____ !- - - - - -- - -- +-----,·-- -- • ' - - -- - -- -- - - , -- - , 1001=_·_J_1_00_2_._i__i_oo_3_. l!JOO. SUllSTAXCES. PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907 $259,43!) $302,882 $555,1381 $506,7!)6 $515,1231 $881,852 $1,171,258 $!)93,066 $5,431,301 I SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. $999 3-01 $898,130 $2,198,600 ~495,000 :) ..............•...••••••••••••••••••••••• Bornx .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. . 15,000 1,800 4,000 $17,500 . . . . . . . . • . $13,500 $15,55fi • • • • • • • • • • • Hrirk ...... . . .. ..... . . . . . . : . . . ·: . ~. ° · · .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 121 000 159 84? 273,600 157,000 Ceuwnt ..... . .. .... . ... . "',,' ,.,,; , , ,85 2 17,2;0 :ss,2oli no,201 102,85s •• ••• ••• •• • ' 41 008 C'opper ..... . . . . . .. ..... . 8 297,600 6- 000 0 000 ?O 000 11,GOO . ... · ... · · · · · · · · · · • • il, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• • ••••••• 9 Gems .... . ...... . . . .... . - ' 3-!)9,693 3!)4 !)36 381,107 G95,828 473,893 35!.831"'03 158,676 • • • • • • • .- • • • Golt! 247,949 , , ?50 330 ,, , 2,948 .. .. ......• 5 5,600 4 1 630 . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • 1.s22 .... ...... . 504 • ·• • • • •: • • • • ••• •.•: • ......i7 400 20 2,07G 8,600 .. . · · · · · · · · 2 28 ,692 Lime .................. . ;·~~ 35:990 139,188 • • • • • • • • • • • 33,261 • 43,028 65,832 1 4 Limestone 64, 613 ~·~ 91000 1.825 375 • • • • • • • • • • • 7,067 76,710 51,578 :Uacadam • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 71,c: -~'400 40 000 25,000 20,946 • • • • • • • • • • • 15,000 3,300 6,100 ~larble ••••••••••••••• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,600 41,6 _ 10'000 ;) 28:000 lti,000 28,125 • • • • • • • • • • • Pa Yin;: i_~i(;~k,; • • • • • • • • • • • • 1D 000 14 6iJO ' 13 478 116.494 •••••••• ••• 7,400 2.500 1 Rubble ••••••••••• 14 1G7:300 181: 311 ~:: .... .~'.~~'. . . . . .. :·. '. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• 151.447 42,657 Sand,to1;~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .. ··· ··••• ..... ... .. .......... ···••• •••• I ~ V I t:~~i;~·.·:·:·:·:::::::::::::: • ' ' ' ' I • 0 I I I I I ~i·~: I ( 48) 0 In unapportion ed. -1-BuL. 53 ( 4!)) i1s �I] PRODUCTS BY VALUES 1900.1907 . PRODUCTS BY VALTJES-1900-1907. SAN SUDSTA);CES. moo. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY-Continued, 1901. 1002. 1003. \ 1004. II l!J05. SUDSTA 1' ES. I $33,765 $ 1,33!) .. .. ... .. . . ,· 5,500 ........... ... .... . . . $1!l,G95 $59.100 $58,972 $57,1G4 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S172,7GO . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·· ···· Tungsten .. .. ...... .... .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •10.000 • • • • • •. •. •..• •. •.... • • • •. Turquoise ......... • • • · · · · · · · · · · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••• •• •• •• •• • •• • •• $2,807,76S Uuapportioned . • • • .. ·· · · · . · · · · · · · · · · · · • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1•·_··_·_·_ · ·_·_· ,_·_·_··_·_·_··-·-·.j-·-·_·_··_·_·_·-· + - ---1-- - - j -- - l I , ?1 ,. 1 -10 GlS s:o'>? 03-! ss20.02u $623,-!H·\ $G 3,!)2-1\ $H ,4!)3,1GS Totals .. .. . ..... .. .. · / $1,0G3,1.J3j $1.SH.2391 :;: 3'308'00 - oJl ,.i • • I I . 'T - - I I I · SAN BENITO COUNTY. .... . ...... .... ···· ·· I I . .. ..... .. .... .. ···· · A.sphalt ....... . , • .. • .. · ·I· · · · · · · · · · ·" • • • • .. • "· • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • Bituminous Rock .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . $2,030 . , .. , ••••• •• • • •, • • • • • • •. • • • • • • Lime SS 800 , $15.000 . . . . . . . . . • s ,-!53 • • • • • • • • • • • Limest~~~ ... ·.·.-.·.·.·_-,· .-.:·: ::: ' '100 :::::::::: :::::::::: :::::::: : : :::::.:: :: ::;2,4!)-! I .. • •• • •• •• • • • • • • .. •• •• •••• •• • •• Mncadam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,000 • 10,1G4 $22.000 S:!3.:.00 lG,500 32.500 $23.000 -1.8.Glil ••• • • • • • • • • Mineral Water . . . . . . . . . . 3,750 123 150 400 . . . . .. . . . . ;jQD 3.120 2.GOO ••• • • • . • • • • Quicksilver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180,000 242,300 306,0S1 34-!.251 314,000 2i"fl,~,1 262.!)00 2!)2, 7 1· • . • • • • • • • • Unapportioued . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5:130.000 Totals I ···············j $203,6501 ~2:i:i.21ll l $32S,231 S332.072 l $30, .851 I $3GO.U:i \ 1 1 I $2S!),02!)\ $352.592 I 1 1 1 Brick · · · · · · · · · · · • •.. • • · ~\ s:J.!!GI\ . $5.'iOl :is3.-!40l Sll.150I $::?3,700 S?S ••-01 !i:3 !)00 :::~G,4301 • • •• • • • • • • • Copper .. . . ... . .. .... ... ·I· ... .. .... !. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' - ·~~01 2s! :500 •rv 2,650 . .. • •••• • •• Gems .. , • • • • • • • • • ··· ···· I ~,0 11 1 20,000 Fi0.000\ 100.000 rnG,000 _ __.,_ -;-;;;:;-;--i_ _ _ _J!..__u_ 1 ___ L__ ___ 1 n._00_01-._._· _· ._. _· _· ._. L._20_6_,s_s_B.!..\._._·._._·_··_··_· 1 < r.o) I 1900. I 1901. I 1902. mos. I 1904. ! 1005. i I I 100G. I l!l07. /G rand Totnl. $335,037 $413,320 $338,877 Gold ...... .. .. .......... $4Gl,51G $334,697 . $100,712 ... ... .... I $7,455 ••• •••••••• 9,900 22,400 13,175 Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,308 7,851 10,250 $10,250 23,650 •• ••••• •••• . . . . . . . . . ....... ... ....... .. ... ....... Lead .... ··· ··· ........ .. •• ••• ••••• •••• •••• •• •• •••••• •• 52 ........... 11,000 27,500 Lithia :\Iica .. .... ..... . " 31,880 27,300 25,000 276 ....... .. . .. ... ... .. . .......... Marble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . •• •· ····· ..... ..... 12,000 ••• •••••••• 3,250 i\Iinerul \Yater .. ' ... ... . 3,000 1,289 3,000 ...... ... . ..... ..... .... ...... 2,000 . ......... . Rubble .. ...... .. . ... ... 14,403 6,887 14,175 42,507 200,192 16,507 40,738 28,500 ... ... ..... 5,000 55,000 ........... 9,620 7,900 ... ... .... •• •••• ••• • •••••••••• Snit ... ••..... .. . . ..... · 1 4,000 35 . ... ....... 10 . Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,810 1,444 100 6,004 1,994 .......... $214,634 ... ... .... Unnpportioued . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... .......... . .. .. .. ........ ... ... .... •• ••• ••• •• ... ....... •••• •••••• .. ....... . '.l.'otnls I I ····· · ·· ·" ····1 $402,061 $514,522 $562,730 $663,315 $727,5401 $231,045 .. ....... ..... ... .. $384,388 $374,117 $4,075,252 I I I 1 $2.G21.GS0 SAN DIEGO COUNTY. I I \Grund Total. HJ07. 190G. DIEGO COUNTY-Continued. SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY, ·••••• ••••• Asphalt .... .. . .. .. . . .... .... .... .. •••• • $60,000 ••••• ·• •••$58,289 •••••• •• ••• 434,140 ·••• ••• •••• •• •••• • ···· ·· ·· ·· ··• • ••• ••• ··•$294,326 $310,685 $367,911 Brick ..... .. ... . . . . . . . . . . .. ······ $238,800 10,500 ··• ·••• ••• ••••••••••• Glass•S~~a· •••• • ·••••••••• .. ........ .... .. ........ . .. . ··· ··· ·· • •••• • • • .• ······ •• ··•••••••• 64,988 ·· ••• •••• •• 54,250 79,675 17,500 :Uucnrlam ... .... . . ... ... 35,450 110,000 32,285 ·•• ·••• •••• $142,500 $1,500 52,000 65,682 314,720 Rubble 473,010 $30,000 46,300 14,4.47 56,900 Unappor;i~~~;l • • • • • • • • • • • • ···•••• •• • ···• •••• •• ··•·•• •••• ... . . . .. .. . ........... .. . . . . ... $175,039 $591,413 $3,365,858 $700,131 $456,042 'l'otuls .......... ..... I $156,947 $395,100 $802,786 $58,400 .. .. .. . - , ··•• ••••• • .. ·· ··• •• • ··• •••••• • - ( 51) �rnuo. SunsTA:),CES. PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. SAN JOAQUIN COUNTY. SAN MATEO COUNTY. 1002. llJ0l. 1!)05. JD04. 1!)03. IDOG. ]!)OT. I G mud 'J'otnl. :j;2,730 ... .. ..... .. . .. .. . ... .. . · · · - - · · • • · · • · · • • · • - • • - · - • - . . ... ... . . . Asphnl t .. . : .... ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20,000 $20,000 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. $-Ki,000 !)!('.S,000 !)!4!}.GOO ~ 1.000 . ........ .. Brick .................. . $00 . .. . . ... . .. . .. .. . .. ..... . . . .. ... ....... ... .. . . . .. . . Infusorial Earth .. .. .... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1U.Sti2 GO, luG 07,SGS H.3HO -!7.GBG G3.!}13 GG,115 32.72:i . . . ..... . . . Natural Gns .. ...... . . .. . Rubble ... . ... .... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :2;:i.000 .. . ....... ...... .... ... .. . . . . . . Unnpportioued .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .... 1---- - - -- - - 1 - - - - - 1- - -- -1- -- - - l · -- --1 - ---=---1-- - - - I -- - 1 Totnls .. . .......... . . , $3!J,Sli:2 j I $80.-l5li $44.-18!) $tl2,li3.'.i $1-!G.Vl.'.i $104.G15 $183.723 $!}28,12 1902. 1D03. 1904. 1905. I 1006. 1907. Grand Total. $255 . ... .... . . . .... . ...... . 9,070 $8,000 $77,500 ~-5·6·,436 ....$.61,436 • .. $.6.7,000 ...... • .. • • ........ .. 6 Clay . ...... .... .. .. · · .. · .. .. · .... · .. , · .. .. .. 5,G25 . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . $B ,285 • .. .. .... .. ::~~~ ~~~ ~:~~~ ~:~~~ ~!~~~~;ll'.::::l •.·. '.•.•. •... ·.' . ·.: : : : : .. ... . . . ...6.'~~~ .... ..1.• :: :::::::: 1~:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ::::: :: ::: ::: :: : 300,000 150,000 Hubble •• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . ' . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . 08,200 75,000 75,000 . .... . . .. .......... . . 400 25,000 16,000 ~alt . • ••.•... • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . 62,500 67,500 -!-1,020 56,000 ... ... .... . 1 -1---i---1.---1----1---1----l---l--Tolnls . .... ........ . . J $15,725 $252,500 $238,802 $203,!)36 $223,7-13 $1'1-1,396 $1,426,347 $330,7-!5 :j:1(),5001 I Asphnl t ... .... . ........ . ~30.000 $-10,000 • · • • • • • · • • · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !)!!}0,000 ..... . .... . Bituminous Rock .. .. . .. . $12,00G 33.070 2,3~7 $7.:i7:! . . . . . . . . . . ~G.a++ $fi,34-! .1 28 ...... . . .. . Brick ............... . .. . -l,000 5.200 7.liuO G,000 . . . . . . . . . . 3.~00 :!,-!00 lG.000 .......... . Gold .. .... ...... . . . .. .. . :mo 2.3!l0 1.S-10 $li30 300 . . . . . . . . . . 31G ........ . . . Granite . .. .. .. . . ..... .. . ••• •••• •• • •• ••• ••• •• S.000 20,000 G.000 IO.GOO . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . - - , · · Lime .. ..... ...... . ... . . •••• •••••• .. 100 • • • • ·• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GOO .. ..... · · · · ~facadnm . . ... ... . . .... . •• •• •••• •· .. . .. . . . .. 0 Mineral " ru ter ....... .. . . G.000 •• •••• •••• ••••••••• • •• •• •• · · · · · · · · · . . . . . 3,0 0 .. . . . •• • • • • SOO • • • • • • • • • • 1,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.000 .. . . .. · · · · • Petroleum .... . ........ .. •• • • •••• •• •• •• •· · ·· · ... ····· ·· Quicksilver . .. ..... .. ... . lCi.S-!;j . .... · ··· · · 23.SSG -11.G13 1-17.21:i 183.J:m 17t1,li1li la3.T-1S 12 ,152 V.'.i.7-!3 .... .. · .... Rubble ........ . ........ . H .83~, ... ... .. . . Sandstone ..... . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . -!'i.583 lU.000 l.'.i.000 .... . . ... . ·- ..... . . .... .. ... ..• l:'napportioned .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . .. .. . : : : : : : : : : : ...... • .. • :2.7tll -!5.000 25,000 25.000 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... · " · ········ 'l'otuls . .... ... .. . . . .. /- -~$8:8~:•.(~;:.,;,nii"1-;:-:~·1~HQ;.-00s&3; \/-·_··; .•20;·~··~·;·~·11~·_:_·:·~··~·~·~··~·+·-·:__:·~·_:_·_:_ · ·:__:·_:·:_· \~·_:·:_·_:_·_:_··:_:·_:·_:·:_· \~·_:·:_·:_·_:_·_:_··:_:·:__:·_:·_L · ·:_:·:__:·_:·:_·:_·_:_·_:_·~·1,_~ $=2~1S:'.':'.20~5 :i,:.. 0.3[)1 ~:!.ii.·110 s:., ·-~iJ-n,•~ . I "-"''GI ·~"18!) .n-n')I $172.3!)G \ $231,032 I $' 1 ,-130 ,;_i"8"'1 ( 52) 1901. .\s11hnlt . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Rrick .. .. .. • .. · .. · .. · · .. $9,000 SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. 1 1900. SUBSTAN CES. 0 1 SANTA BARBARA COUNTY. $30,000 $250,000 $258,54!) ..... . . . .. . $12,590 $41,6881 $100,000 1,600 14,650 .... ...... . 34,750 12,200 40,200 8,420 ~•)250 ................... .. 1-u 200 ........ .. .. . ...... . 2,500 . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • •••• ••• • • •' ••••• • •. • •• • ia:80() •• •• Iu fu~oria l Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,172 15,025 112,282 15,000 ~:~::~t~;l~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. • . • . • . • ... • .. • . • • • . • • .. • . . • :~•: . • • • •;; (JOO •• ••• •,; 500 • • •• •16,00(} •••••3.Q,00(} : : :: : : : : : : : • • • • • ••• 3,602 • • • • • • • • • • 25,ooo ....-.· ..' . .. ..... .-.·. . . 212 .. .. .... ...... .... . .. 9'.600 )la <'acl:un .. • .. . • • • • • • • lG?~ . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. • .. • ?4 ?:" 18,240 21,4:i0 10,-150 _. ,.:..vv ...... .... . )liueral Water • • • • • • • • • 10,350 60,200 G0,-39007022,328200 1500 .. .. .. .. .. 500 300 ......... .. Xatura) C¾.·1~. . .. • .. .. • .. 438 ' ' 166' 661 ·' • 2,006 l '!l,G 0 • • • • • • • • •• • ., ,5,5GO J,413,GOO 1,237,250 .., 9 , !'rt role11111 • .. .. • .. .. 1.6!5,1 38 11·• 181 ,313 ,. 4 ..., -.,, 3s-c1 2,0iO ... · · · · · · · -· 289 • • ••••••• • • Quicksiln•r • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...... .. • • · • ·-· • • • • • • 4S,l0 2 !l,-160 4,!)50 .... .. .. .. • Rnbb!e • • • • ••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4,395 . . · · · · · · · · .\splmlt ........... .. ... . Bri1·k ....... . . . . .. . .... . Golr! ... .. ... . .. . . , ... . . . f.ranitP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $105,5001 40,!)60 $55,800 9,825 28,9-18 ::::::::::: ~~_J___J_ ___i__ __c....- -~ - - - •··· ····· ....~. ~· ·~· ~· .~.L~s:o,: oo:0L~3=3,:40:0L.~··~· ~··~··~·J· ------ I ( 53) �PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS B\7 VALUES-1900-1907. ,--SAf\lTA sunsTANcEs. I moo. BARBARA COUNTY-Conti nue d. I 1903. I ;- 1902. 1001. 190-!. 1905. 1006. lDO T. G ra nd Total. I ~~!~-! :to~~.: : : : :: : :: :: :: :: . . :~_1:::~~\ ...:~::~~~ ... ~-2_1:~~~ ... _S_3::~~~ .... _s _s.'~~~ .. ..~'_1_ !$300,1-!SI $315,550 $384,GSS .'~~~ I $25,23~ $791,611 \ $1,G01 ,21 T $1,GG4, 1'1 $4,5G ,163 1 $10,143,883 SANTA CLARA COUNTY. Granite . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . Lime . . $2551 . . . . : . . . .. sr-,1 " "- • •• •• •• • •• •• • •• • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • •••••• 1ss,2: ! • • •$.i78°,5Si • • ·s ·3· • • •• • •••• •• • • • • • • • •• •• •• O ,;,l ,67G $255,424 ... ....... . ••••• ••• •• •• • ••• • ••• •• •• •• ••• • l. 50 1.500 . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . . . ·s·is'oG'.,000 ooo ••. . •• ·~;,i,570 • • ·~ii1s,6G2 ........ •••••••• •• •••••••••. '.5'2'0,i.357 •• ·~· 1,200 .. .. . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ·· ····· ······· · .. .. . ... .. ... . . .. .. .. . -- .. . .... .. . . Limestone . .. .. . .. .. . . .. . ~I acadam . . .. ..G.000 • • " " .. " • .. • .. " .. • " · .. · " .. " · " .. · · · .. · · · · .... · .. " 3,500 .. . ... . . . . . ' •••••••••• • ••••••••• 7.000 • . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . ] 5,000 16,694 . .. . . . .. . . . 9 17 Magnesite . .".".♦."."::.".'.".: :~ • • • • • • • • • •• • • • •• ••• •• 1!?,000 .. ... . . .. . • • • • • •• • • • • •• • • • • • • . • • • •• • • • • .• u 3 2·~ 300 l\Iineral Water • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , , • • • • • . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . ..•. .•. 8,0GO 8 :,QQ • • • • • •" • "'00 Pe:role.um . .. ...... .. .. .. I.. .... ..... .... . : . .. ..>,v 12.500 12.500 1.200 1 1.250 2.187 .. . ... .. . .. Qmcks1!Yer .. . ... . . . .. .. . \ 241073 'l3(i GOS ••• ·.,·_·; 2·G·O · 3.9Gli 13.SGO I l-!,:,55 I 2,800 5 5'r R ubble ............ .. . ... I ' - ' - il~. 233.130 148.10:~ I n:i.llGSj ' - v • • · " ·" • • • Sandston~ .. . .. . ... ... ... 1• • • ·100.000 • • • • ·so.o ·o·o· .. .. .. 100 ..... .. .. . I ._, 0001 ll4,GOS 96,0SG ....... ... . Unapportionecl .. .. .... .. . \. . . . .. . ... :11 •GOO '>;>5 •000 ... ..... • ·I "· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • -1:.0.000\ • • • • • • • Totals .. . .. . .. . ...... 1- ~I•• 1 - - - --- - •• - I I ·;~;:.~~~I. ·$·-:;:,~~~ . ~-~;~-~~~ ..~;fl·..·~·1···~·-~ ··-~1:::::::::: :::::::::: I "I ·0;T1_________ ', Ii), !)--! ,0.130J I I l!lOl. )i:2!)8,834 '.$s·2·,251 •••• 1 $379,4101 $3,655,495 '- - - - - ' i l!l02. I I l!l03. 1!104. I 1905. 1906. 1907. /Grand Totn.l. I I $1,0GO .. ••·· ··· · •• ••••••• · •••• ••• •• • •• •••• •••• •• ••• •• ••• ... ... .. ... 41,084 ~5,190 $12,500 !$38,860 $64,707 ... ... ..... $58,590 $30,654 Bituminous H ock . . .. ... . 30 .. ... .. ... ••.. •••••••· .. ...... .. .. .... .. .. ....... .. Clay .. .. .. .. .. . .. .... . ' . . . . . . .... ... ... 140 .... ... ... ...... .... ... .. .... .. Granite .... ... . . ........ . . . . ••• •••• ••• 241,17!! . ... .. ..... 347,490 109.!!74 161,500 161,302 185,442 $30G,775 131,288 Lime ... .. .. . .. . ... . ... . 55,242 G,000 ·•••••• ••• • :i2.12.5 2.725 .. .. .... .. -1 ,213 3,595 1,850 Limestone . . ... . . . . . . . . 14,800 ••••••••••• 3,500 1,750 1,750 20,750 .... .... ~focndarn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... .. . ••• ••••• ••• 1,175 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. • •• • • • • • •• ... ... .. .. ·· ··· •·· Ilubble ·•• ••••••• $21T,251 ·••••• ••• • Unapportioned . . . . . .. ... . .. ... .. .. . ·••••••••• ···· · • ••• •• •• • • •••••• ••• • . . .. .. . ... . . • 37,566 . . ... .. . . . . .. Asphalt .. . ... .. . .. .. ... . I . . B ituminous Rock . . . . . . . . ~ ~!cyk .- .·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. •. •. •. •. •. ·. •• 1900. I I 1 - - - -1- - -- ,- - - - 1 --- -- 1- - - - -1- - -- - 1-·---'---,-·_·_·_·_··_·_·_·_· ,_ _ s_s_9,_2il_-1 Totals • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 $528,4381 I .- Asphalt .... .. .. . . . . ... . . . . . . . . .. .. .......... Unapportioned . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . · \ · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . .. ... ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • . S UllSL\ i'\ CES . I 1 SANTA CRUZ COUNTY. .. . Tota ls ... ...... .... .. 1 . .. ... ....... .. . •••••• ••• • .. .... ... ... ..... $191,091 $195,779 $205,296 ... .. ... .. ..... .... . ••••• ••••• ......... . .. ... ... .... $254,247 !t30!l,700 $206,349 $-145,092 $2,441,4!!1 $326,686 SHASTA COUNTY. I ' $33,000 ···•••• ••• • $22,000 $14,000 $15,000 $17,500 $12,250 $12,000 $12,000 5,200 ···· ••••••• ···· · ... .. . . . . . . . . . 1,200 300 1,470 2,250 4,275 1,!)50 Chrom e ..... .. . .. . . . . . .. 1,400 1,688,614 4,338,121 5,568,873 ·••·• •••••• 3,439,!!74 2,171,4!!7 791,997 ·• ••• •• •• •• Co1111er ..... ......... . .. . 4,166,735 4,881,048 2,496,731 Sl!l,\ 44 G84,952 771,242 1,031,429 878,706 Gold ... .... .. ... ..... . .. 927,975 733,467 ••••• •••400 •• ··•••••• ••• ··•• •• •••• Grani te ... .. .. . ..·.... . . . ....... ... 2,000 ·· •••••••• .. ····· ••• ··· •••• ••• · ••••• •• •• •· •• •• ••••• ··· ••• •••• ••• •••• • •• 31,900 ··• ••••• ••• ··•• •••• •• 8,040 • ' Iron Ore ... . .. . .. . ... . . . .. .. . .. ... .. ... ···· · ··· •••• ••• .. ·····•• 8.000 10,500 10,800 30,7Gl ·••• ••• •••• 12,500 32,!!60 Lillle 12,!)60 3,600 .. . ... .. . . . . . . 17,850 5,400 ···• ••• •• • 3,600 ·•• ••••••• • Limes tone .. ... ... . .. . ... ··•• •••••• 1,150 ... ....... ···•• ••••• 1,500 ···•••••• • ··· •• •• ••• 5.500 I :Macadam ... ... . . .... ... ..... ..... ..... ···· · ·· ••• •••• • 12,000 ··· ·••• ••• 12,000 ···•• ••••• 197.364 ·••••• ••••• S!l,S!l5 'I ::\Hneral ,vater .. .. . ..... 7.645 7,644 5,784 •• •••• 434,483 370,211 ···••••• ••• 5,500 ···••• •••• ····167,548 7,005 I Prrites .. .. . ... . .. . . . .. . . . . . . ... .. 399.660 .. · ··· · · •• 203,!!91 306,887 Silve r .... .. .. .. . ... . . . . 891,994 $39,530,999 635,640 $5,745,843 $7,084,,0GI Drick · · · · •• .t • • · · - $2,5i!l,OH $3,201,680 S4,8!lS,0331 $3,730,0!!l To tals • ..... . . ... . .. · j $5,574,026 $6,737,571 ,___. ·- --.- -- 55 ) I �PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. SOLANO COUNTY. SIERRA COUNTY. SUDSTANCES. 1900. 1!)01. 1902. 1903. 1904. mo::;. I moo. lDOl. l!J0? 1!)03 190-t l!J05. l!JOG. l!lOi. IGrand .Total. J____~L---+----·-}-·___•-+----+----+----t-=---::J____ $25,000 ........ .. . .. ········ •••••••••• Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. .. . ..... I mo,. I I lflOG. ::; u n,;TA ;s;c_E_ !-i ._ __ G l':IIH1 Totul. Gold Mineral Water .. . . ..... . Silver ................. . C,•nwnt. $3i5,000 ••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 !l •••••••••• ••• ••••••• ········:: :::::::::: ::::::::::: $ 0 Limestone • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ~Iacadam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jfinernl \Ya tc r ..... . • • • • ~3.(j!J0.-13i 1 Copper ............ .. . .. . $23 •••..•....................... Gold ............. ...... . Lend OOG,08() ~mo,57G :ji892,G85 :::so:-:.03j •••••• •••••• •······ Lime ... ........ ... .... . •••••••••• ••········ ..... ····· ... Limestone ...... ........ . ••• ••••••• ••·· ······ ·· ··· ·· ..... .. . ..... .. ······. •••••••••• ······ :Mineral ·water •••••••··· •. ·······. 4[i,000 l'i::i,000 187,500 Platinum ..... .' .'.' .' .'.:: •. ·.: 50.000 30.000 ......... . Rubble ..... .......... . . •••····· .. 21 Sandstone ••••••••·· ••••••·· •·· ······· ••••••••·· ····· ······· -·· ••••••···· 13,0SG . ••••······ 233 ........ 22 • • • .. • .. .. ••••••···· •••••••··· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. ' ,_ _ _ _ _ _ __ __)__ ' ' ' 1,230 ~1.500 39,000 .. .. .. ... . • 12,8071 ..... ..... . 2.40D . . . . . . . . . . 3,037 .......... . 1.230 ·1 ----1--~;:-::I-·-·:··=-·::-··-=-·-=--··-1-··_·_··_·_·_··-· 1-·..:_·.:_ · ·:__:·_·:_~· ·:__:·_:_· 1~·_:_·:._:··~·_:_·:._:··~-. I $1.202.732 ,,451 $1.004,745 $6G3,50S ( 5G) s,n•'.~,n3G ""~ " ~SOG.S77 -oo "1 .d •r "' -r4DO,GSO! ?"1 .()0 9)):-~L.=.o 525 3,502 15,080 18,518 315 .. · • • .... • 4,988 l!J,272 .fJ? 3' - 2,97 .. • • • .. • .. • 24.42'.2 . . . ....•••• 7,!J3i .......... . GOO .......... . :$4.035.519 Hubble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • ••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . ........ . . .. .... ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . f;a It ••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1~~·.:--~-~-. __ :__--~·~·•1~-.:..:_:~~+·--:---:-·--:··-=-·-=-· 1·11aJ>11ortionrcl .... ... .. .. ... . .• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • -:: o1,ogl ~lGG, 75 9 $262.7521 .......... 1 Totals . .. .. .. ....... · / $24,7001 $12,GOOI $170,140 $404,614 =--~)--;,;:;-~;.i-~;;~ 193 ~ 0• ,, 2 $5.30S.368 1 SONOMA COUNTY • • 3G.2:i0 .... ..... .. •••····· ..... ··- .... U,408 Totals .. .. .. .. .. • . . . . \--;:-~1~0=1-=-0-::-38~31,--)(l_O_G__- I :j:3!) .......... . HVS.Ol'i' ......... .. 140 .......... . 1.000 .. ... .. ... . 300 .......... . s 4,000 Xntur·ll Gns • · · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •500 •• • 3• 1,000 1.250 •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·i.oo& 1 l'a Ying Blocks • • • • • • • • • • • l,S!J0 4,100 I Quicksih·er . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. ....... • .... " " • • 240 SISKIYOU COUNTY. Unnppo;·ti~;l;!tl. ·_-_-_·_-_-_-_-_::: $150,000 $l ,OOO • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 100,000 : : : : : : : : . . • • • • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 41'.200 D50 · • · · •13,000 • • • • • • • • • •li,725 • • • • • • • • •$10,273 • •••• • ' 135 o-191 ,231 •••• •••• ••• 75,011 ~ • ' , ' 4,~ .... • • .. • .. 000 4 000 4,000 4,000 44;450 4,000 6,584 .......... • • '... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. $200 1,600 l'", ,900 Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Totals .• .... ... ..... · \ Sih·er .......... .......... Uranit,• : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : .. . . . ..... .. .• .. • ••• •········· Bl'ick Clay . : : : : : : : : : : : :.·.·.·.·::: $2,360 . $1,200 $1,750 $4,000 $115.000 $133.470 ......... • • ....... 000 50 .......... . ........ ••• • ..... ····· .... ··· ··• ··•• •• ··• ••• •... ···••• ·•• ••••• ···• •• • .... $1,200 G<'ms ... ... ... .... ..... . • • • • • ij,soo • • • Granite .... ............ . ... ....... 4,480 GrnJJhite ... .' ........... . . .. . .. . . .. Lime .. . . . .. .. . .. ...1.ci,22G .... :\Iac~d:; ~; • : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : .......... , _ _ _,___ $1,440 _ .!-- - -- 0.s 51 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ao·.ooo ( 57) ·····•••••• ·········•• ........ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ·2.Goo .......... . ~30 .. .. .. .... .. ...29,77-! 1,680 .. .. .. .. .. • ......; .. .. .. • • 10:350 9,864 10.700 • • • • • • • • • • • 140,545 20,H!J .......... . ' �PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY V ALUES-1900-1907. - -- -- SONOMA COUNTY-Contin ued. moo. SUllSTANCES. \ 1901. \ 1902. 1903. \ I 190-!. 1!)05. I 1900. I I 1907. - . !Grand Total. , $157,1351 S173,174 $198,803 $l05,3ti9 l $187,176 $318,"71 $353,073 \ - -STANISLAUS COUNTY. 1 Co11per . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $761 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• •••• •••• •••• ••••• $571,605 684,683 $719,902 $607,728 $574,814 $690,844 $560,843 • $535,316 • • • • • • • • • • • 4,535 5,500 . . . . . . . . . . 75 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • Gmnitc .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • · · 275 450 130 * • ...... .. .. 200 468 PJatinum ... . .. .. . . . . ... . • • • • •·· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , 3,864 13,917 6,059 3,739 • • • • .. • • • • • 156 11 101251 Quicksilver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,9S2 58,668 l35 3 044 2,!l81 2,3!J9 • • • • • • • • • • • 2 08 Silver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,567 2,668 550 ... . . . : . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . _' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • • • • $110,9i5 j Golrl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $306,594 1 $1,905,1!)5 I I ; Copper ... ......... ...... \ ...... . ... $12,404 $18,670 $15.0S0 $931 .. ...... .. . ... .. .. .. .. . .. .... . .... ······· Gold ... .............. ... $21,212 15,700 ••••• ••• ·· 52.SGO 50,000 ~50.000 ..... ... .. ,:3.304 ... . . ·· · ··· Mineral Paint •••••••• ••• 1!)3 375 350 2,400 1,600 2.125 $1,720 1,720 . . .. ·· ·· ··· Platinum ••• ••••• ••• •···· 20 ......... . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ... .. . .. ·· ····· · Silver •• ••••• •••••••·• ·· •••••• •• • • •• •• ••• ••· •••••• ••• · .. ········ 25G •••••••••· • ••• • •• •• · ••••••••• · 265 2-10 .. . . . . ... . 28 lmapportioned •••• ••••••• ...... .... •••• • •• •• •• •• •••••• •• -- ••• ••• ·· •• • • • ••••· .•.. ····· · ..... .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . • •• ••••••• $82,3l'i T otals .. .. ........... ~21 ,405 $20,1691 ~10,026 $70.605 $52,305 $52,SIGI $334,535 $1 ,720 $5,112 Brick .... . .. . .. . ........ \ ~2,200 Mineral " 'utcr . .... . . .... .. ...... . Totals ............... I , $2.000 4,000 $2,200 $3,500 ••••••• ·•· $4,500 2,500 S3,500 $7,000 SG,000 I - --- - -- ( 58) $3,500 I I Brick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I $5.oool 4,oooj $3,500 $9,0001 I $5,GOO 4,000 $3.200 . .. ·····••• 55,000 ••···· ·•• •• $9,600 $99,000 $58,2001 $6,100 ' g::s.: ::::::::::: :·.·.·.::: ••• • I $8,GOO i :t~~ $27,000 500 $0,500 $lO.OOO 500 .. . • • • • • • • ~'.~~~ $12,000 $20,000 • • • • • • • • • • • 209,790 . .. · .. .. .. • • • .. • • .... 20 . ..... . .. .. · · · · • • • • • • 1~:: ..... . · ···i.~~::::::::::: ·1f~g •• ••• 1~::~ O.'~ .. . . . .9.'~ Granite • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • 88 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . •• ·1·o·s·oo·•• ••• • ·o·,ioo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ........... I Gypsum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • •• • 10 ?50 ' ... . . . . 210 28 Magnesite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 , ,100 • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •1• ·_· • • •3• I 85 R ubble .......... ...... .. .. · • ••• ••••• .. ........ .. .. ...... ... ....... ... . ...... .., 0'10 \ 433 100 • "" · ".. . ......... • ......... ~i!:er . : ; : : : : : : : : : : : :·.·. :: pport10nl)d . •...•... • . J ·-~·~-.:_··_·_·_· _· ·-/-· ·_·_·_··_·_· _··_,_· ·-·-=·:·.;:-.-;,.·:·I_.. .. •.. •.. 001 $32,313 $230,810 $69,826 $613,9?? ,_ s3s,2 ··1 ____ _J_ __ i _ . . - - 41 ,1~$62·398 m j S60,52G $21,566 Totals .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . .....:------ s I $16,000 5,000 , 2 300 3:::::::::: .... ·.. .. · ·.. -- I ····· ·-·-· llnapportioned • ••• • • •• ••• L· -~·:...·.:..·.:.. · ·:..:·~·:...· L·~·:...·.:..·:..: · ·~·.:..·.:..·· l · :..:·-~·.:..·:..:··~·.:..·~ · , ~ ~~~,~= ~: l----;$:;,_0~8~?;__f~";5;70;,0~1~3:l- -;$;54~1~,4:54t~si5,3$1ll3G,.2;i; -9 ?GI $621,244 $579,088 ' ,-oo ,;, $752,280 $731,'l'otals .. . . .... . .. ••• •I $698,689 TULARE COUNTY. , TEHAMA COUNTY. TR INITY COUNTY. ,i_ _ __s_ u8_s_T,\N :..... ·c_r,; _ ~~~ ~ ,~ ~1-9~0-o_.~ ~ l~ ~1-9-0:l_.~~ 1~~1-0_o~2-.:+1~~-1-00~3-.:;1::1_n-04_·-.:;1::1_n-0_5-.:i,,:_ l 1~!l-OO: .: T1~ ~1-oo :_ 7.~~1G_r-a_n~d-T: o_tn1 ~.~ $4;,5 .. .. ..... . ........ .. .. .... . . .. . . .... .. .. $1,250 . . . ..... . . . l\Iagnesite ••• ·•••• ••••• •• .... .... : ·\ $1,225 $320 .. . . . ..... . . . . ...... . .. ...... . . . .. . .. . . . ....... . .. . 105 Mineral Paint ••• •••• •••• ...... .... ..... .... . 4.000 $4,400 ' $4.000 0,100 17,691 $4,000 •l .200 . .... ······ Mineral \Yater .. . ....... . $35.000\ 82,227 80,492 65,197 6G,7S5 128,-14,! 32,675 20.275 112. 7!) 7 . .. . . . · · · ·· Paving Blocks ........ ... !JS,G7G G4,G85 102,829 05,850 07,0-!l 00.500 Quicksilver ·•••••·•·•• · •• 75,555 21,3G!J . ... ·· ····· 577 400 Rubble •••••••••••••••• • .... . ... .. ! ... ....... .. .. ...... 0,500 . ...... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ······ Unapportionecl .. ........ . ... ... .... .. ....... . ........ .. . .... .. .. . ······ ... . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . $15,000 Totals ........ .. ..... I I _ __ _ _ _ __J_ _ _ __1_.,___ 0 lu unupportloncd. ..!----_ L_ �\ PRODUCTS BY VALUES-1900-1907. PRODUCTS BY 'VALUES-1900-1907. VENTURA COUNTY-Continued. TUOLUMNE COUNTY. Sun STANCES. \ I 1!)02. ]!)01. 1!)00. I 1903. l!lO-l. WOG. 1905. 1!)07. /G rand •r ota!, I I Chrome ...... .. . . ... . . . ....... ... . \.. . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • . • • • • • . • • • $1,37!) • ••. .•.. . .. ..... . . . .. Copper .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . $17.920 .... . ... .. ........ .. ............ .. .... .. ...... .. Gold . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . $1.:;nr..~f)l $1,G70,368 1,7!)1,829 $1,732.572 $1 ,:::i(j3.!l07 :j:1 ,2!Jl,72(i 1,030,G73 $ u. 7G . . : : : : : : : : : Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-!.020 D,700 9,70ll 0,700 ....... .. ... . . . . Lead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. : : : : : Lime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I.GOO . . . . . . . . . . 1.000 1,000 J 2::i. 00 .. . . . ... .. . :Marble · · · · · · ... . .... · · · · .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . 1-!,000 2S.S75 2s,7:;o fili.000 -!G,000 GO, J:20 .. ........ . Silnr . . · ... · · . ..... .. .. li:2,3G7 3!),787 G,:,80 rn,O :, 12.DG::l 21.c)-18 8,47G (i,4:33 .. . . ... ... . Totals .............. l!l02. 1901. 1900. l!J03. 100-1. 1!:JlJ5. I 1006. ! lOOi. !Grand Total. $22,500 $23,000 $31,227 $60,490 . • • • • • • • • • $20,880 • • •• •• • •• • • J ,!iOO !JOO 3,500 1,380 $792 .. .. .......... • .. • .. • 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • • .. • .. • .. .. • • • • ...... • .... • · : .. • :-siris.853 . ..... ... . ······· ··· . . ········ ··· · ·••••• •• ••• ••••• •• •• •••• •• •• ••• •••• $247,292 $,1,160,050 $714,766 $5-!G,837 !$345,093 '$483,986 $476,1611 $350,5701 $16,764 2,650 $6,550 G,250 11uhblc . . . .. .. . ... • .. . ..• Samlsto11c .. . . . . ... . .. . . . !:ih'cr . .. ... . .... . .. . . . . l'napportionc<l . . .. . . .. . . . Tota ls ....... . .. .. . .. , VOLO COUNTY. ·1 $1.li3!).2[i8jl $1.il0,171 $1.830,32!) $1.701.031.i $1,G15,320 -..,-.,,,.J·-..~-R-!)-.7-7-4 1 --s..-1-.,-0-G,-'~)-_"~-01' ·_ ./,, S:_"_0-A-c!O -11 - !$12,100,587 --l 8a11dstone ...... .. .... . .. 1 $1,7601 $2,3001 $1-HI $4501 ~,201 • $200 I' I $G,12S $3501 $2041 VENTURA COUNTY. I Asphalt . . ... . .. .... . . .. . \ ¥:JI.UTO\ Bor \ BC!raic)~1: ...•.•.•.•.. •. •. •.•..•..•..•. •..:.:.:.:.:.: 1· • • . . $:l0,D45 s,·3-,01 s1·• .'G" ·, " ·" .::- _,.," 0 '"\I •1"""· :.,:- . I ~ilO.tJOO \ s;" - 000 I I YUBA COUNTY, I ?. (,ram tu .. .. ........ .. ... I 28.fi:!!l . .. . .. .. .. -· l.OSi 2.700 :\Iac111lam . . . .. ..... . .... \.. . . . . . ... . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.200 .. .. ...... : : : : : : : : : : .......... . \ i !_ _ ___ __ 4-- r.17 r.11 I __ __ -'·1 _ _ _ • 1 • ( lilt J -,.i. 2,700 m," 4r.•v. 1c - - -- - -- ;; 23 • n.rm: 1 , 1;;5,5001 ---- _ I -- . 2.278 ..... . .... • 211.334 . . .. ...•• • • .I________,__ _ _ _ ·······:so:::::::::::::::::::: .......... . ssoo ' ' n_·; .... ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .•• ·o~~.:::::::::::: \::: ·:::::: :::::::::: :::::~:-000\.......... ~~~'\ ~:!: .. ... ·,;,00{) : : : : : : :0001 : : : \:::::::::: .. •.... ••• •.. •.... .. . ·:-:r.;s·,7oo 2an.02s 000\ ................... .. ~::r~l· PctrolPnm ............... \ .... ... ·· ··•• ••••• $3,~0 • •• , • • • • • • • ••••• , • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••. .••• I .:,0 :;i _ :,;J 'j(;G,'jjQ • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . .. .. .. .. .$188,008 .. $.15·5:630 ••:i125,S30 139,528 324,~: •••••• 720 ••••• •• ••• • .. .. .. . . .. .. .. • G ,1S7 .. • .. • • $280,36G 369 .. ·.. .. ••• . . . .. .... • .. •$::ili3.00! .. .. . .... ·4·,6: s· ;a·· • • • • • • • • 2 . 41 • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • • ·i,700 .. ...u~:~~ ::::::::::I 1 1~·~~~ ·• ·.... ···...·....... ..... .\.... '.11,650 ". .•... ::::~J::2.S00 :::: ......... ::::::::::..: -·· • .. 10..JOO\ 4;:; I... ..... .. ~ol<l . ............ .... ' .. : .... "i.;,;; ..... 4·.1~:~ .. ... . oi~ .. .. ... . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. ... .... .. .,,v ,.i :t . . . . . . . . . . . . . ••••••• • · · .... . ... • • • .. .. • .. T $155,632 otals .. . ....... .... · 1 $284,631 , , •• • • • • • • - - *143,2i8 $125,871 $18!),754 ( 61) $325,384 .. 800 ~1 .7i8.Gi7 ::; ' $3.5G-li031 I I �~ \ \ $55,735 Alpine .. ......... . . 6,404.627 Alameda .. . . ....... . Amador . ....... ... . 16,001,717 Butte .......... . . . . 14,385,761 Calaveras ... ... .... . 18.116,670 Colusa .......... . .. . 1.722:368 Contra Costa .. .. .. . . . 1;332;025 Del Norte ......... .. 71 616 El Dorado . ... . ..... . 3,660'.881 Fresno ............. . 13,085,217 Humboldt . . .... . .. . 613,780 Imperialt . . ........ . 10,000 Inyo ... . .. ........ . 2,707,025 Kern ....... . .... . . . 34,858,888 Kings . .. ...... .... . 149,000 . Lake ...... .... . . .. . 2,077,706 Lassen .. . ...... . ... . 478,244 Los Angeles ... ..... . 19,582,387 Madera . . . .... .. ... . 2,027,350 l\Iarin ..... . .... . . . . $1,813,295 3,529,883 ?.[ariposa ... .. . .... . 135,970 )Icutlocino . ........ . 57,120 }forced ........... . . 3,649,566 :\[ono ......... .. ... . 5-4:9,117 i\fouterey . . .. . . ... . . 5,909,521 Napa .. .. ... . . ..... . Nevada . .......... . . 20,329,949 Orange .......... •.. . 6,971,210 Placet· . . ... .. ...... . 7,496,438 P lumas .. . .. . . .. .. . . 2.666.071 Riverside ..... ... .. . 3,s29;oos Sacramento .. ..... . . 5.431,301 San Benito .. ..... .. . 2.621,689 San Bernardino ..... . H .-4:93.168 San Diego ......... . -!;075;252 San Francisco .. ... . . . 3,365,858 San Joaquin . . .. .. .. . 928,128 San Luis Obispo .... . 1,730,587 San Mateo ... .... . . . . Santa Barbara . .. . .. . Santa Clara . . ...... . Santa Cruz . .. . ..... . Shasta ..... ... . .... . Sierr a .... . . . .. .... . Siskiyou . .... ...... . Solano . .. . .. . . ... .. . Sonoma ... ..... .... . Stanislaus .... . .. . . . 'l'ehama ... . ... ..... . 'I'rinity ........... . . 'l'ulare .... . ... ..... . Tuolumne . . ..... .. . . Ventura . . . . ....... . Yolo .... . ....... . . . Yuba .......... . . . . . , '1,426,347 10,143,883 3,655,495 2 441,491 39,550,922 3,690,437 7,281,902 5,308,368 1,90.5 195 334 535 irn'. ooo 5,313,259 613,922 12,10o;ss7 4,169,050 6,128 3,564,031 ""'0 ~ 0.. - ~ < g :E ~ -""' d ~ ...J ~ ~ CZ:: ~ u ~ = .c:z: cc: I.lo.I :z: ~ SUlVIlVIARY BY COUNTIES-VALUE OF lVIINERAL PRODUCTS, 1900-1907. ,:, :::> V':) ---' w ~ ~ < 0::: CQ ,~ = :5 V':) ~ ~ I.:,~ 'o ~ 0 5 l; .s "ci u.: !a i :::> :z: .c:z: u...l z: ~ -<C z C> ...... :::::; cc: .c:z: «;,_J I.:) z z ~ II.I ] !:;: tVJ >- 0: :> lXl :> z 0 <e 0 C i,J ::§ C/l ::; ~ 1.1.l = .,.. ~ -:; vi .-l 0 lj,,,, :::i <C 1..,1 I Total. .. .. ........ . $329,128,680 • Including amounts heretofore unapportioned for periotl. t Imperial County begins mineral protluction In mo,. C 0 ( G2 ) -p p.. C1 f 1C �DEL NORTE AND SISKIYOU 0 \ E R COUNTIES. MODOC AND LASSEN COUNTIES. - N 0 G lbe County Maps. The county maps in this pamphlet show all towns, post offices, railroads, stage lines carrying passengers, mail and express, a11d distances between points, forming a useful and handy guide especially to all who wish to leave the railroad and penetrnte to the interior of the miningdistricts. They also show all post routes. These maps have been brougllt up to date lJan. 1. 1909,) and must not be reproduced without obtaining permission from the State Mining Bureau. s A H s T A s s K y 0 u ! -i-o1-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-·- • r· ........ ·--------------.r----- i lI i i i ... -·---1! ; ~ ~ ____ j ,... ( C: . /t . ...__ ,i" "' N ... s T R H A s T ' A ··-··-··-··~---··4 z I N RAIL.ROADS o - - - - - o S7'At:~ LINES s N E V A D A �I s s y K ! u 0 I MODOC , I' • \ _( O un1Jn11.,11r I' -I. I, I • ; u,6.•nh /e/,~ (':> e/CrceA __ I IS ~ ,~ •r y d/,,i/le NMa',,-,-J on ;, ;.-:14- •- , •I w I (/) I :u-~ 00 ~ h l'r.C ~ ; ~ . . T - Co(/'~Jr /,/ • -·-• if!nhhor ' ) - - --._ . I G I },/Nr L E -• )> z CJ --l B U fT1 I )> (/) 1 T 0 C z '\ --l ~ / fT1 O !" ::> '•,. E (") ( I I T $ )> J ' N N 0.. J i .I I ; \! _,___ _.,__/ P..·J.frn/J i--·-·-·-·-·-----'\ .,z , I I t ' ,-.,,,,' ( \ 0 --l .J , A ✓-.,..~.l M I u - - - P,H,-r.~r., I \,_..._ --=--1.Y.ii:::::~--~~ i 0 (/) )> ( h - - -= - ) ( 4: I ==~rr., ........ 0 )> -;;,;-·----,---.!----- _.,,.,,, J- z ; r¾rle.-u, r- - - .. - I .iI !J (/) (/) I ,r- -- - ·:.-;;•r.· / ( 1 14 /,J9~ ., \ I .,.u;p~r. / ,._, ! t! 1n ,., ~ 1 --·-.··-···· T /A'tr..fr,,.,'J' Z /\ /jA Oe.:;d,.,co~ ( • vr ' tr I Wf 1'"' ) •J ~ ,a,J' j---· • ,. ' A. I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,. _ if - - - - - RAIL.ROA OS m ..,.._ _ _-<>STAGE LINES t~ s \ DEL ,> -~ s s y K u 0 l .! '1\• ~ ._ __j ___ Som er.t>ar \ 'o/! ~ Or/e.;-nsr:f \.. ~ 1 /Yet~,PU A_ ) ( !'-· ( •\ { ...... , •, t, '\ • Co/ri,,, - ' -.. "" •,,..,./ f" ..J -..... 1• !- ~ 7 .r· .... ,> ~ 'Oor/e.r,,1-J ~mil/ti\ , .. ,,. ...... ... ~ !\ .0oo'7 e <' _,·"\',,1· ~ Vr,,,,fl/,'y ,_ C) ) I <,, t., o - 1 ,{ ~LE ~ ~ ~~lo,.., "' ;o?{ .,., ,o ~ ) .--- i CJ :0 / ,.,1:_,,,..-,-... - - -.. ..___/- t., .r-- { ~ ,_'> t ~ \ C z :::! IT1 ~ ) j E N D 0 C N O \ - - - - " ' RAILROADS o - - - - - - o STAGE ,&,./NE$ 1'Jl1 ' t' -< 0 iTEHAM A ---·-----·---\ M z ::j 0 \ N )> :-i ,PNunl.:: f" r --l z c,:, _.,,,, ,.J "-1 0 CJ l i C :s': m '{° '71YOOo' C/ l'~d. (IJ �◄ B_UTTE AND PLUMAS COUNTIES. MENDOCINO , GLENN , LAK:E , AND COLUSA COUNTIES, .. I I HUMBOLDT ) T R INITY I ; A M l. -----~·---- . ____! _____ , A ( p,, I ' O'tt>Jlc'r !I /,-----....~ \. / - -✓- r>. / '-· __,,..L., T l:I ·~:~•'/~_r ( '· -·=-' ...... l ✓ s \ \ - - ,. - - - - - 1, - 1 c ·:,·l :t~ r J ·- -- -- - '· '/fi/fe G L. E N N ryr,11,, :«, U T T S ._ t' ER "'i' ..._._ .. _ .. _ _ - . ·----.:-·-1, ·.; . _,, ti~ / , lf,1c xr1"llt> \ 'ftdc,,11/ \ I " N A O L 0 I <, 1• P COL.USA = ="'''"' ·--- A \, .,__ _ _..c, RA/LROAOS <>-----<>STAGE L//1/ES Y./ ,/ r. p,, s E R R /• ~ Li ~ <suTTER'i , - · .. SONOMA•" I Y '·! er-fly Cr.,.1N"JC,.t:' N c;~.,-e,ts. i I 4 /Vol'. '-,,) ( ' · :'.'~ ~ 'l Hv//,-i/l t! _ • ,, ,1 E \ , '\,_.) "7 / . T \..,_ • ) - - --o/;>A/lROADS o----~STA6£'LINES A �◄ SONOMA, MARIN, NAPA, YOLO, SUTTER, YUBA, SIERRA. NEVADA, PLACER, AND EL DORADO COUNTIES. ·,·, N \ p T T M E N D O C I N O L \. U u L s A M \. \., B n'me E .. ..-- -- _s ; f L M U Clore. ( , .. -..,.:;,.•r;,,,· -- Emc.'"..I. • 0 A N~,r.rS -~ I cifiC 0 ~/ , ,1· .. I \ S A C R AM E N T O 0 - - - - - - - 0 STAGE LINES '\ C ~.). --~' •• Ht•1,,r/ ' O L U S A S UTT ( Tll,tlJ<tyJerJ ,, .... lfno~rill~ ,r' ' , ... __ _ I I er.,/te)' 'i . ,If, ........ ', ,: '• /r·<. A L P N N ' ., 0. E --- ~".,5~-::J;.~ --_..r· •~• .--.r' ! -- r-, '- 0 0 0 - - - « RAllfi'0,fLJS A M A 0 0 R. E R ,• z 'b/eLm:: .iyoC:, R --="--,,.. o,,_ _ __ , RAllR0AOS ''-. D. 6 l c-n 6rooK ~/" L E > w ·7£':J-I', 0 K rt'J )' 1 / y A ..- ·., O L "t!/ol'ln,/ 'EC \ \.' • - . O Tn""',P Fe, \ AND SOLANO COUNTIES. o------C STAGE J./NES �SAN FRANCISCO, SAN MATEO, CONTRA COSTA, ALAMEDA, SACRAMENTO, SAN JOAQUIN, AMADOR, AND CALAVERAS COUNTIES. SANTA CLARA, AND SANTA CRUZ COUNTIES. 0 1- { P LACE R (' .,z ( .,, DORADO EL m ~ I l'foundro)' e/?Jri'n e ./i' ,.,- ,J B. SACRAM y 0 L .-.... ...... Fi , r I N E ALP .. ,,-- 0 ' -----~-,----------, 5 :...... uno 0 I ~ ~--,., ~ ,,o'er :r,j,oinl ~ ~ 1· 1- z 0 ..,,,,,., ,-• ~ •, ·, / a,,,,11.; Oorri/7p/on li?e.r /Y.h u ~== SOLAN ~~-~~ 7 R"O ,.,r a,-1 N i'. , Emn:-.,;'o ------ i. . '.:-lr:~~-o-;f:': m_,D t!f ~nm,,, ·co NT RA ·,. cos ,yene'\. 0 .,.: ,,-• \/ . • ' ("'7'/,/.r/'e rry ·, ·, -· ---- -· //fdd"')', I ?c.r/a ; ~ k . "' ------ -----, ALAMEDA I :..... -,,/. / \ ST .AN I S L AUS C /... 0 ·"· s Oll'l=:=:l-lald""'° RAILROADS o------o .STAGE_.I.INES Theo ..Binye. .Del. :E' fi C J :f 1 C �STANISLAUS, MERCED, TUOLUMNE, AND MARIPOSA COUNTIES. MADERA AND FRESNO COUNTIES, N M 0 N 0 MARIPOSA \\ M 0 N 0 \ \ \ s 1'. I', M i ', i SAN J O A G. U I N E C R E D ·, _,,., 1-,,Ev;-en; ,. INYO /' ' ,,( Sou,» Qo.r /?, /' I /' I '·,...._ /, \ ~ / Fin! / ...... ·,·, ·,·, ·, S A N B E N I T c;;,, /o'ou ., !f __ j ( v- ,_ ct ........ J ) \ 1\11 0 N T E R E y Theo. .Binye. .Del. R0yer..r /• / ·'-·--.., '·-- / ' ·'-'.../ _/· KI N GS u L A R E ..... I I "\ o----...n STAGE £/NES SAN i • i i •Pr,'e.r/K,/l e_r ~• ,,z_ _..)J..--.,,0,::<P. OH---,oHAlt.ROAOS n//e OntT T ~ - - _ , RAILROADS o----'"" STAG£ .LINES �- ALPINE, MONO, AND INYO COUNTIES. KINGS, TULARE, AND KERN COUNTIES. ··,, 0 M 0 N · , .. EL A R _,,,. K ~ -"', /~ \ \ \\ ---·- ·.- ------ -- - 0=''7 ----------- -- -- ' .,! ,. i i L_ __ . \ 0 N ~ 1 '. U L A R \ \ w . __ __ , RA/LROALJS - - - - < > .STAG£ L/NES i ---·---·-----i " I i \ ' : "1;, l :~! i :;_;, ':1 ~,. '\ '\ ', :i.. ··,. \ 40 !"-·-;,;: ·, ~ /: ,e?'n ",, N ·\ ~ ?:. i '· z I ......., '.... . -. (, ·, m BARBARA ; . i "' ; i E <> (; / \ j a: l.- 0 '· \ ·, T 5 I BRIDGEP : ~~~~;~;, • ~ i z ,.,.-K,;y,,y \ <(;·-.,. _____... ,1,;. .,_,'\, ·, z 0 ·-, O B I S PO ............. .Jy'l ),. .. ..... - - - - - - \ T/><k i • .) '·, ·•. , ··f IN°DEPEN~ENCE • 1 • SANTA . ....... t '•-.. "· \ ..~ : \ :__· · ,•., . . lI \ __ Wu \ '1 ' ' (. LU t S . , l in ernq,V ·1 '' ! ( ... i L_, I • ADOR F RE SNO\ Alfndk SAN ', ,., ,. . Qnza ------- "'I' /ALPINE ,ui-~, "·, MONTEREY M~ .,./- ---··1 0 / ··, O------O.STA6E LINES "<:."' Rouno',i,~ --., ,.,,,J \ ·, .J.. Rosrj:' '•'- /it:.'lt,'Cl'.Kl;,..'"J' .. \ .,, / i ~ RAII.HOADS o'er. Ckr,fory ' .\ ,d.,n '•, 0 '\. 1, ' DORADO \ ••• , ~:·······. ~Aonr \ ( '1 i (/) ___ _____ __ _i___ - . ---K E R N _:_ __ --- -- \_::<,:l ---~;:_________ ." S A N B E R N A R D I N 0 .. Y 0 �- SAN BENITO AND MONTEREY COUNTIES . SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY. '...._SANT A SANTA CL A RA~ CRuz'\ ~~.\"' (: ,;,d'e ro M E R C E 0 \ .. ------ M = = = = ='° R A I L ROA O S 0 o-- - - --o .STAGE LINES N T E R E V ·,.,_ N \ (. 4-t:t ?re. 2" -, wl, '• . 'he.r . .8on.<>/U:iJ. ... ( AS '-;,.);. ---=---- '1 / . '·-<' '· ' ;,~/-·---------~------ -"'i:('°?ve/ ••Ill -- ~· N Es/rel/a • ·, ', I 11 ,., en, o ' •1 r~ndez• '-•-·, l)\ I s J",mmler ,;,;------q r ·~I I 0 ' '1 ~ 0. ey \ ·, r OL'J // ·,. '--~ C\. l l 1> ! ,/· ", / K .ta',H e X, r'arAi1ela '\ II. I N G S <• co 11 BARBARA -'\ · --- - ·-·- 'i------ · I LUIS I L.-, /. .,,1o:}ea;;on SAN I ·-, L_ __ , * '°(-i ... .,.,. s ·,.'I ! ' .. i ,,(nnelle l ,, \~ '· ... I ---, • ccze --lesl-, • 11 OBI S P 0 II =-•---,o RAILROADS o - - - - - - c STAGE LINES �SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. RIVERSIDE, SAN DIE GO, AND IMPERIAL COUNTIES. N y ·-----·---·- ------ ------------ i i i i i z )> ll s N t f I( t 0 w · · -.. . N B E R N A R ,,.s·--------------- ·---------------------------.i.."11;,,~,;r '· A 0 N 0 ------ • f N . s R D E "'I 0 s :,: s 1, ... 0 KrJr.i r r A;1v-1np.1 _______________ _ I i ----i )> A N E s roJd,r<"II Ill ~- i .J i Ill <,;;o z i < E i i , .,;,/<" Sl7J ,,!2,_ _____________ _ ,,.. c.,7'~-------------------·-··-· ----- ~:I"' - ----------------------------- "'br-4 ,: ---,.,.J ~ RA ILROA OS R \_ .__ C' ~ ' · V E R s D E •,,,~1, o-----<> STAGE L.IN£S . r~ l( fr n .18-3/'..i Q . . . . . . to PH0P0.SEO HA/~H0ADS' \ '\, ELC ,~ r,,' ., 0:: 0 ';l~i-,C" a ..~ 0~ G ,,_,ll'r...__.,,---._-- iA:..lr-,17;p .i .J i v/Aln ~ & 11i-/c ,,,;~ <" i N i i .,,ner.J),rln7r i i !/J z M E X C 0 .i C----..OPAII.HOALJS 0--------0 STA tSE "-. INE.S <( �- 4 LIST ·OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE CALIFORNIA STATE MINING BUREAU. FERRY BU I LOI NG, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Publications of this Bureau w!ll be sent on l'eccipt oC the l'equ is itc a m ount a nd pos tage. Only sta m ps, co in , Ol' m o ney Ol'd!'rs will b e accepted in paymenL Do not send pe l'sona\ e hec ks. . . z t Address all communications ·r egardin~ publi cntion .· lo Librarian. A ll p11blicatzo11 s 11 ot 111 e11t10.,tC( <ll"C ex 1iau s fe <1d t tl t t· Under Section s, amendment to the 1\•[ inin g Bu l'cau Ac t , a pprov ed March 10. 190 3, your a tte i:,t1o n 1s r espec t u 11Y ca 11 c . o 1a por 1~n of the amendment which states: "The Boa rd (Bo:Lnl of Trust •es) is h e r eby empow e r ed to fix a price upon , a nd to di spose o f _to the pub I.1 c, at such prices any and all publication s of the Bureau In cludin g r eports , bulle tins, maps, r egiste r s, e tc. Th ~ sum derive d . f 1om such disposition must be accounte d for and used as a revolving printin g and publi shing fund for oth er r eports, bulletm,;. n:~ps, r eg1~ters, etc. The prices fixed must approximate the actual cost of printing a nd issuing the r espective re ports, bu lle tm s, maps, reg 1s te1 s, e t c. , w1 U1out r e (erence to the cost of obtaining and preparing the information eml.Jraced the re in." Price. Postage. Report XI-1892, First Biennial........... ..... $1.0 0 $0. 15 R eport XIII-1896, Third Biennial...... ... . ... . . 1. 00 .2 0 Bulletin No. 6-"Gold Mill Practices In California" (3d ed. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 .0 -1 Bulletin No. 9-"Mine Drainage, Pumps, Etc." (bound) . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. ... . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .GO .OS Bulle tin No. 15-"1\fap of Oil City Oil Fie lds, Fresno County, California" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .05 .0~ Bulle tin No. 23-"Copper R esources of Cnllfomia". .50 .1.2 Bull etin No. 24-"Saline Deposits of California". .. .50 .10 Bulleth:~,No. 27-"Quicksllver R esources of Ca.llfornla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,;r, .OS Bull e tin No. 30-"Bibliogra phy R elating to the G e ology, Pal::eontology and Mine ral R esources of California," including List of Maps ...... .. .50 . 10 Bulletin No. 31-"Chemical Analysis of California Petroleum" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .02 Bulletin No. 32-"Production and Use of California Petroleum" . . . . . . . .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .75 .OS Bull e tin No. 36-"Gold Dre dgin g in California" 50 08 Bull:t1~ ~';;\7.:_:;,Ge~s ":i.~a.· j ~,,:.;1·.;1:s: 'ii.it~~ia1~· oi: • • California." (2d ed.)...... . .. . .. ... ....... .. .50 .08 Bull e tin No. 38-"Structural and Industrial Materials of California"... ... ......... .. ....... .75 .20 Bulli~i:'n~~- ~~-:-:-'.'-:_u_r!~~~o-~~ - ~,1~~~- ~-a-~~~ -~f. -~''.l_i~ .l0 0 ,, Bulletin No. 46- " Inde x of Mining Bureau Publications" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 0 .0G Bulletin No. 47-"11-lineral Production of Callfornia" -1907 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .02 Bulleti n No. 48-"Mlneral Production of California for 21 Years" ................ .. .. . ......... . Pri ce. Postage. Cali fornia Mino B ell S ignals (cardboard). . . . ..... .05 . 02 Californ ia l\Iinc Bell S igna ls (pape r )... . .. ... .... .03 .0~ Gold Produc tion In Ca lifornia from 184S lo 1907.. .O~ R egiste r of Mines. with 1\fap, Amador County. . ... . 25 .0 .25 .0 ' R egis te r of Mines, with 1\lap, Butt e Cou nty . . . . . . . .25 .0 R egister of Mines, with Map, El Dorado County... . 25 .0 R egiste r of Mines. with l\Iap, 1nyo Coun ty... . . . . . .25 .0 R egiste r of Mines, with 1\Iap. K e rn Count y. . . . .. . . R egis ter of Mines, with 1\la p, Lal"" County . . . .... . .25 .0 .2 6 .08 R egiste r o f Min es, with l\Iap, M::u-lposa Cou nty .. . . R egister of i\Iincs, with lllap, Nevada County . .. . . . 25 .0 Regi s ter of Mines. with l\Iap, P la cer Coun t y . .. . . . . .2;i .0 R egis ter of 1\Iines. with 1\I:Lp, 8'tn B l'rnanlin o Co... .25 .OS R egister of 1\lincs. with 1\Iap, Sa n Di<'g-o Count y. . . .26 .OS R egiste r of l\Iin s . with l\Ia p, Santa Barl.Jara Co. . . .25 . OS R egis te r oC :.lines. with Map, Sh ast:L Coun t y. . ... . .25 .08 R egis ter of :.lines, with 1\Ia p, Sierra Cou nt~·....... .25 .OS Register o( i\lin l's, with 1\Iap, Sisk iyou County... . . . 25 .OS Register of Min es, with 1\fap, '.rr init~• Cou n ty... . .. .25 .OS R egister of Mines. with 1\Ia p, Tuolumne County. .. .25 .OS R egls tClr of Mines, with 1\Iap, Yuba County.. . . . . . . . 25 .08 Register of Oil W ell s. with 1\Iap. Los An geles C ity. .3fi .. 02 Map of Mi nar t District, Made ra County... . ...... .20 .02 Map of Mothe r Lode. ... ............. .. ...... ... .05 .02 M«p of Dest>rt R egion of California......... . .... .10 .02 i\Iap Showing DepoHlts In Ca li fornia . . .... ....... . .0 5 .02 ~lap of Ca laveras County...... . ..... . .. .. ....... . ~5 .03 Map of P luma s Coun ty.. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . .. . .25 .03 l\Iinera l a nd R ell e r :lfap of Ca liforni a.. . .. .. ... ... .25 .05 Map of Forest R esen ·es In California (moun ted).. .50 .08 i\Iap of Forest ~ esen-es in Californ ia (unmounted) .3 0 .06 I n 1n·c11nrat10n- Bullclln-"ReYised Editlon Copp er R esources of California." samples (limite d to three at one ti?,e) _of H~1y ~•i•·"":al, fo!Jm) ln _t_he Stat e ma~ be sent _to the Bureau for iden tifica tion, and the same will be classified free . of .charge • . 1''.o s~ m1:lcs __w1 1/ b~ d,. t_c , 111.; 11 c<I 1{ 1 c_,cc ,v cct from vo111ts 011 t.s1dc_ th e ~ta.tc. lt mu s t b e understood, that or 9ua11t1tatwc detc1mmat1on~ .• w ill lie 111uc/c,. S;:impl,;-s ~hQu\d he In a lump form 1f poss1hle and marked plainly with nnme 110 of sender' outside of p aclcage. postoflice a ddress._ e tc: No samples will be r eceived unfrss charges are p;·epalu. A letter should accompany sample a nd a stamv should b e e nclose~ for 1 eply. . Address all Sampl~s and commumcatlons r egaru111g Samples to Lnboratory. a.ssays LAW RELATING TO MISREPRESENTATIONS OF IIIHES BY ANY OFFICER OF A. CORPORA.TIO:N TRANSACTING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA. APPROVED XA.BCB D, 1906. SECTION 1. Any superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent, or other officer, of any corporation formed or existing under the laws of this State, or transacting business in the same, and any person pretending or holding himself out nR such superintendent, director, secretary, manager, agent or other officer, who shall willfu lly subscribe, sign, endorse, verify, or otherwise assent to the publication, either generally or private!~•, to the stockholders or other persons dealing with such corporation or its stock, any untrue or willfully nnd fraudulently exaggerated report, prospectus, account, statement of operations, values, buainess, profits, expenditures or prospects, or other paper or document intended to produce or give, or having a tendency to produce or give, to the shares of stock in such corporation a greater value or less apparent or market vnlue than they really possess, or with the intention of defrauding any particular person or persons, or the public, or persons generally, shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof aball be punished by impri~onment in State prison, or a county jail, not exceeding two years, or by fine no••nmedm1 five thousand dollars, or by both. SF.c. 2. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mineral Productions of California Bulletin No. 53 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1905 Subject The topic of the resource Information regarding the California mines and mineral production, including maps and diagrams. Description An account of the resource 9" x 6" orange booklet with black printed text on cover. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource California State Mining Bureau Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0032 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/e1b8588f54c1580077eb01b0845474c8.pdf cdfb06ed0495893d4bbe92a62d04a5b4 PDF Text Text 00..c\.L ~fINING LAW S ====== OF ====== WYOl\1ING �c:=J COAL ~1INING l LAWS =====OF===== WYOMIN G �Law Relating to Coal Mines CHAPTER 23, SESSION LAWS 1903 Inspectors of Coal Mines Appointment-Qualifications-Salary. Where sections are given, they refer to sections of the Revised Statutes and the laws as quoted here are those sections as they have been amended by the several session laws of 1901 1 1903 and 1905. I ,_______.. SECTION 1. The Governor shall nominate and by and with the consent of the Senate, appoint two State Inspectors of coal mines, who shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are duly appointed and qualified. They shall each have a thorough knowledge of practical mining and mining engineering, neither of whom shall be an employe, owner or part owner in any coal mine in the State. Said Inspectors shall not be less than thirty (30) years of age, citizens of the United States, and, if practicable, of this State, of good repute and temperate habits. The State Inspectors of coal mines shall each receive an annual salary of two thousand ($2,000.00) dollars, and actual traveling expenses when in the discharge of their duties and shall keep their office at the State Capitol. Said Inspectors are hereby authorized to procure such instruments, chemical tests and stationery and to incur such expense of communication, from time to time, as may be necessary to the discharge of their duties, provided, that such expense shall not exceed the contingent fund I I ~ �-- --- ----- - +::) I\ 'I M1N1N q 4 L ,,ws 5 hall each, befo re enterin g upon the discharge of his duties, give bond in the penal sum of five th ousand ($ 5,000.00) dollars to the State of Wyoming, wi th sufficient s ureties, which bond shall be condition ed for th e faithful discharge of his duties. Each of sa id Inspectors shall· devote the whole of hi s tim e to the duties of his office. It shall be the duty of each -Inspector to ex amine the coal min es within his district as oft en as poss ib le, which shall not be less than once in three month s and report the number of ti mes h e has visited each mine in a year, and see th at all th e provisio ns of this act are observ ed an d strictly carried out. Inspection Districts. EC. 4. It shall be the du ty of each Inspector to mak records of all exa minations of mines wi thin hi distri ct, showing the condition in w hich he finds them, es pecially in reference to v □ tilation and drainage, th e number of mines in h is distri c t, th number of persons employed in each min e, th e extent to which the laws are obey d, the progress made in the improvements sought to be secured, the number of accidents a □ d d eaths resulting from injuries received in and about th e mines, with cause of such accident or d eath; said re p orts to be made quarterly. ~--- .... lBonds-Duties. :- 'NYOM I NG provided for that office, at th e co st o[ the State, subject to the approval of _the Governor of the State, which shall be paid out '?f the State Treasury upon accounts d:1ly _certified ~y him and audited by the tat Auditor. All mstmments, plans, boo ks, memorand a, notes aud other property p ertaining to th e office b reby created , shall be the property of the S tate_ and shall be delivered by each Inspecto r to his successor in office· and said In spectors shall b e allowed all expedses neces~arily in cur~ed in enfo rci ng the provisions of thi s chapte r, lil th e courts of the State when such expenses are certifi ed to be correct by the courts be fore which the p roceedings were heard. SEC. 2. The State s hall be divided into two Inspection Districts, one to ~ known as D _istrict No. 1 , comprising th e counti es of Laram ie, Albany, Carbon, Sweetwater and io ta, t_h~ other to be known as District o. 2, compnsm g t~e counties of Converse, Natrona, Fremont, Big Horn, Johnson , Sheridan, Crook and Weston. In the appointment of Insp ec tors t~e Governor shall designate the district f~Jr _wl~ ic~ each Inspector is appointed , and the Junsd1ct10n of such Inspector shall extend to_and be confi_n ed to ~he particular district for which h e bas been appomted; provided, that in case of the Inspector of either district being unable to atte nd to the duties of his office through sickness, ab!:.ence from the State or an y other cause, th e In~pector of the other district shall have full authority and jurisdiction to act in th e place and st~ad . of the regularly appointed Inspector of such district. - STATE OF SEc. 3. The State Inspectors of coal n1ines Examinations- Reports. Removed From Office-How. S EC. 5. The District Court within the proper coun ty or Judge thereof, in vacation or recess, upon a petition signed by not less than fifteen ( 15) reputable citizens who shall be miners, owners or lessees of mines and with the affidavit of one or more of said petitioners attached setting forth that the State Inspector of coal mines for that district neglects his duty or is incompe- �'====?')) ,,I I t 6 M I NI NG LAWS STATE 01' tent or that h e is g uilt y of malfeas::i. nc.:e in office shall is s ue a citation in the nam e of th e S tate t~ the said Inspector to a pp ear u pon a d ay, to be the rein fixed and s tated, befo re said Court which notice shall_be served at least fi fteen ( 1 S) days before th e tim e fixe d to appear, a t which time the Court or Ju dge t he reof in vacation or recess, shall proceed to inquire into and investigate the allegatio~ s of th e peti_tioners • a nd if the Court find tha t sai d I nspector 1s n eg! ctful of his duties or is in co mp etent to p rform th d uties of h'is office, or if he is gu ilty of ma_lfea ance therein, the Court or Ju dge sha ll certify the sa me to the Govern or, w ho sha ll th e reupon declare the office of said In specto r vaca nt an d p roceed to s upply said vacan cy by appoint me nt. And . all vacancies in said o ffice s hall b fill d by appo mtment by the G overno r. T he cost o_f said investigation shall , if the charges are t~stam d , be taxed against the sai d In s pecto r, bu t 1f the ch~rges be not su s tain ed , they shall be taxed agam st th e county in which th e in vest iga tion is in stituted. Ventilation of l\\ines. S EC. 6. T h e ow ner, lessee or age nt of any coal mine, wh eth er s h aft, slop e or ~rift, shall provide and maintain for every s uch m m e, ample means of ventilation, affo rd in g n ot less th~n one hundred and fift y cubic fee t of pure air p~r minute for each and every pe rson employed 111 said min e, and a s much more as t h e ci rcumstances may require, whi ch shall be ci r<:ulated aroun~ the main headings and cross h eadmgs and working places to an extent that will dilute, carry off and render harmless the noxious or dangeroi~s gases generated therein· the main current of air shall be so split or subdivided as to give a sepa•c..- - - rate current of reasonably pure air to every ) W YO MING _ 7 hundred men at work, and the Inspector shall have a uthority to order separate · currents for s maller groups of me n, if, in his judgment, s pecial condi tion s make it necessary; and the ai r curre nt for ventilatin g the stable shall not pass into the intake air current for ventilating the work ing parts of the mine. In mines gene rating fi re-d amp a wo rked out or abandoned part s thereof s hall be kep t free of standing gas, or pro perly wa ll ed off and the entra nce thereto properly closed, and cau tionary notice posted on the stopping to warn persons from danger, and eve ry working place and all other places where gas is k now n or supp osed to exist, shall be carefully examined by the fire-boss, within two hours immediately befo re each shift, with a safety lamp, a nd in mak ing said examination it shall be the duty of the fire-bos s, at each examination, to leave at th e face of every place examined, evidence of h is presence; and it shall not be lawful fo r any mi ner to enter any mine or part of a mine creneratin g fire-damp until it has been exami n ed by the fire-boss aforesaid and by him reported to be safe. N o working place shall be dri ven more than fif ty feet in advance of a breakthrou gh or airway. Report of Inspection Posted at Mine. SEC. 7. It shall be the duty of each State I nsp ector of coal mines on each visit to. any m ines within his district, to make out a written or partly written and partly printed_report of the condition in which he finds such mmes and post the same in the office at the mine; also on the dump of such mine; the said rep~rt sha_ll give the date of visit, the number of v1s1ts durmg the year, the total number of mine_s in the State, the number of feet of air in circulation at the face of �r b 8 MININ G LAWS I each and every entry, and such other information as he_ shall dee~1 necessary, and th e report shall remam posted m the office and also on the d • f ump o f sue l1 mme or one year and said report • d b . may b. e examm_e y an}'. min er or pe rson employed m and about such mm e. Owner or Oper:ator Must R.eport to Inspector -When. ~EC. . On or before the 30th day of Octobe r m each year, th e owne r, operato r or superintendent of any mine or coalery shall send to the State Inspector of coal mines for the district in whic~1 ~aid ':line is situated , a correct report, spec1fymg with respect to th e year ending the 30th day of September, the name of th e owner, operator and officers of th e min e, and the quantity of coal mined and th e number of men employed. The re port shall be in such form and give such information as may be from time to time required and prescribed by the Inspector; blank forms for such re port shall be furnished by the State. Inspectors' Clerk-Appointment-Salary. SEC. 9. The State Coal Mine Inspectors shall have authority to appoint a clerk, who shall be a qualified elector of the State and who _shall receive a salary of ($600) six hundred dollars per annum, who shall be required to constantly be in attendance during regular office hours in the office of the State Coal Mine Inspectors, in the Capitol Building at Cheyenne. It shall be the duty of said chief clerk to keep the records of said office and to perform such clerical work ; as may from time to time be required of him by ~---- the said Inspectors. STAT K OF vVYOMIN G 9 Inspectors of Coal Mines-Duties. Si;;c. ro. \i\Therever in the Statutes or laws of 'Wyoming, not spec ifically referred to in this act, any duty or obli gation is imposed upon the State Inspector of coal min es, said duty shall become and is h e reby mad e a part of the duties of tlie I n pectors of coal mi nes, provided for in this act; and th e Inspecto rs appo inted under the provis ions of this act shall bave th e same jurisdiction , p ower and autho rity to act in the premises and to enforce the laws of this State within the bound s of their r esp ective districts as the State Inspector of coal min es has heretofore possessed thro ug hout the State. CHAPTER 98, SESSION LAWS 1901 Deputy Coal Mine Inspectors Appointment of. EC . 1. Th e tate Coal Mi ne Inspector shall have authority to appoint, from time to time, pecial de puties fo r the p urpose of reporting and investigating mi ne accidents, making examination s and re porting the same, and performing such oth er duties as they may be directed to perform by th e Coal Min e Inspector, in cases where it is impossible for the Coal Mine Inspector to be present in person. Compensation of. Si;;c. 2 . The de puties appointed under the provisions of Section I of this act shall _each r:ceive four dollars per day together with their necessary expenses while on duty; such per diem and expenses to be paid from the appropriation made for the contingent expenses of the State �MININ G LAWS STATE 01, \ '\l v o ~11 NG Coal ~1Iine Inspector, upon vouchers dul , sw _ to as_ m cases of othe r claims against tl} S orn provided, that all claims shall be a le tate; pproved by . ti1e S tate C oal Mm e Inspector befo re b emg • paid. .• TITLE 18, DIVISION t REVISED STATUTES CHAPTER 2 Coal Mines Map of Mines to be Prepared. SEC. 2562. The owner, operator or superintende nt of every coal min e shall make or cause to be _m ade, an accu rate map or plan of s uch coal mme, ?n a seal~ not exceed in g two hundred feet to the 11;1cb ; which map or plan shall exhibit all the openmgs or excavations, the s hafts, tunnels, . slopes, plan e , gangways, e ntri es, cross~eadmgs, rooms, etc., and s hall s how th e direction of the . air c urrents therein , and shall ac~ura~ely delm eate the bound ary lin e between sa1? mme and adjoining min es, and show its relation and proximity the reto . The said map or pl'.1n or a true ~opy thereof, shall be k ept at such mme by the said owner, op erator or superintenden_t, for the use of th e State Inspector of coal ~1m~s, aJ?-d fo_r the insp ection of any miner workmg m said mme, whenever said miner shall have ~ause to tear that the place where he is working !s becommg dangerous by reason of its proximity to o~her workings, which may be supposed to contam water or dangerous gases. The said owner, operator or superintendent shall as often as once m every six months accurately placP. or ,ca_use to be placed on a map or .plan of said coal ~:- ------- mme, a plan of the excavations made of all the I I I working places or other parts of such coal mine during the preceding six months, and whenever the workings or excavations of said coal mine or any part of the same have been driven to within ten fee t of the boundary line, or when said coal mine or a ny part of the same is abandoned, the owner, operator or superintendent thereof, shall furni sh the State Inspector of coal mines, within three months thereaft er, the proximity to the boundary line as aforesaid, or after abandonment of the said mine or any part of the same, with a correct copy on tracing muslin or blue print of the map or plan of said mine, which shall accurately show all excavc1 tions and workings of s uch mines to date, exhibiting clearly the pa rt or parts. abandon ed, and th e part or parts in proximi ty to th e boundary line aforesaid. The several coal maps or plans of mines in the State which are furni sh ed to the State Inspector of coal mines, as last aforesaid, shall be the property of the State, and shall remain in the care of the said State Inspector of coal mines, to be transferred by him to his successor in office, and in no case shall any copy of the same be made without the consent of the owner, operator or his agent. If the said State Inspector of coal mines shall find or have good reason to believe • that any map or plan of any coal mine made or furnish ed in pursuance of the provisions of this chapter is materially inaccurate or imperfect, he is here by authorized to cause a correct plan or map of said coal mine to be made at the expense of the owner or operator thereof, the cost of which shall be recovered from the said owner or operator, in the name of the State, as other debts are recoverable by law; provided, however, that if the map or plan which is claimed to be inaccurate shall prove to have been correct, then the �~ ~ MININ G LA WS ~nsp ecto r _shall be held liabl for th e ex in c urred m making such test , penses same shall b e paid by the said I:;prevC yt'Or.and the Mines to Have Two Openings. SEC. 2563. It shall not b lawfu I for th owner, op e~ator, contractor, less c or agent o~ any. coal mine, or. for . anv J fi rm , comp any , co rpora t 10n or association, th ei r clerks serva t agents _or . employes to _employ any personn :; work w1th~n any coal mrne, or permit any person t? b e m a~y coal mine for th e purpose of w_ork:ng t~ e re rn , uni s uch mine is in com mu n1cat1on with at leas t two op nin gs , if the min e be worked by shaft or slop , , hi ch two shafts or sloyes shall bE: se parated by natu ral strat a at all pomts _b y a. d1stanc of not less than fi ft y fee t, excep~ m dnft m in es h ere tofore op ned, where the ~me In spector shall deem it impracticable; prov:ded, h owever, an agg rega te number not exce~dmg twenty person s may be e mployed iii th e mme at any on e time until th e seco nd op ning sh all be reached and made available which said second openi ng the said Insp ector of coal mines shall_ cause to b e made with out unn ecessary delay, and m case of furn ace e ntilation being used before the second opening is reached, the furnace shall not be placed within forty feet of the foot of the shaft, slope or drift, and shall be well secured from danger from fire by brick or sto ne walls of sufficient thi ckness. l\\an=Ways. ~EC. 2564. When a second opening or outlet 1~ made. which does not exceed seventy-five feet m vertical depth, from the surface to the seam or strata of coal that is being mined, it I ~ STATE OF \-\IYO MING sha ll be s<:: t apart exc lu s ively for the purpose of ingress and egress to or from the mine, by any p rson or p ersons e mployed therein, and it shall always be kept cl ar of any obstruction, and if the opening is a shaft it sh all be fitted with safe and conv ni n t s tairs not less than two feet wide, and not to exceed an angle of sixty degrees descen t, and land ings of not less than eighteen in ches wid e and four feet long, at easy and conve ni ent dis tan ces; and a ll water coming from the s urface o r out of th e strata in the shaft shall so be co nducted a to be prevented from falling do wn th e shaft or th <:: s tairs or on persons asce ndin g or desce nding the stairway of the shaft. 1f the second op ening is a slope for a traveling ,, ay and has a greater angle of descent than twen ty-five J eg re·s, it shall be provided with f:11ita ble s tairs, not les than two feet wide, but when the seam or s tratum of coal at main outlet o r capement shaft in connection with any mine exc els seve nty- five feet in vertical depth from th e surfac , the miners or other employes in the mine shall be lo we red into or raised from said mine by machinery; and when the employes are lowered into or raised from said mine at the main o utlet, th e escapement shall be fitted with safe and available machinery, or safe and convenient stai rs, by which persons employed in the mines may readily escape in case of accident. The hoisting machinery and stairs used for lowering or raising the em ployes into or ont of the mine shall be kept in a safe condition and inspected once each twenty-four hours by a competent pe rson employed in whole or in part for that purpose, and such machinery and the methods of its in s pection shall be approved by the State Inspector of coal mines. I '~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - �MININ G LAWS ST AT E O F VVYOMIN G Ventilation-Gas and Fire Damp- Duties. _ SEc. 2565. T h owne r or age nt of any coal mme, w_het~er shaft, slop e or drift shall provide and mamtam for every such min e ample means of ventilation, affordin g n ot le s than on e hun dred cubic feet of pure air pe r m inute for ach and every person employed in aid mine, an d as mu_ch more as t_he circum s tances may require, which shall be circu lated around the main h eadings and across h eadings and wo rki ng places to an extent that will dilute, carry off and re nd er harmless the noxious or dange rous gases generated therein, and all mines ge n eratin g fire-d amp shall be kept free of standin g gas in t he wo rked out or abandon ed !-'arts o f th e sam e, and the entrance thereto shall be prop erly closed and cautionary notice shall be posted to warn p ersons of danger, and e very working place and all oth er places where gas is known or supposed to exist shall be carefu lly examin ed by the fi re-boss, within two hours immediately before each shift, with a safety lamp, and in making said examination it shall be the duty of the fire- boss, at each examination, to leave at the fa ce of every place examined evid ence of his presence; and it shall not be lawful for an) miner to enter any mine or part of a mine generatin g fire-damp until it has been examined by the fire-boss aforesaid and by him re ported to be safe. Control of Fire Damp-Penalty. SEc. 2566. It shall be unlawful for any miner, fire-boss, employe in any mine or other person_ to . brush fire-damp from any place in a coal ~me by means of a coat, sack, sail cloth orany li½e article or material; and any person so offendmg shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction shall be imprisoned for a term not exceedin g six months, and fin ed in any sum not to exceed one hundred dollars. And any owner or superinte ndent, mine-boss or fire' boss who shall knowingly permit the same to be done shall be d eemed guilty of a misdemean or, subject to the same penalties as hereinbefore p rescribed. ..,, Mining Boss- Duties. E . 2567. I n order to better sec ure the proper vent ilation of every co al mine, and promote th e hea lth and safety of the persons employea t herein , the owner or agen t shall e mploy a comp etent and practical inside overseer, to be called mi ning boss, w h o shall be an experienced coal miner, and shall h ave taken an d passed the examination before, and received a certificate of comp etency from the examining board hereinafter pro vided for, and who shall keep a careful watch over the ven tilating apparatus and the ai rways, t raveling ways, pumps and drainage, and shall see tha t, as the miners advance their ex cavations, all loose coal, slate and rock overhead are carefull y secured against falling on the travelin g ways, a nd that suffici ent props, caps and timbers are furnished upon order of the miner, of suitable size and cut square at both ends, a nd as near as practicable to a proper length for the places where they are to bt: used, and such props, caps or timber and the necessary rails and ties shall be delivered at the mouth of the rooms. He shall see that all water be drained or hauled out of all working places before the miner enters, and, as far as practicable, kept dry while the miner is at work; and it shall be the further duty of the mining boss to se·e that the proper cut-throughs are made in the room �-------..... $TATE OF vVYOMlNG r6 17 MINING LA WS char e of the agent of s uch mine_, a n~ in all mines the Joors used in assisting or directrng th~ ve ntilation of the mine shall be so hun g and adJus~ed that th ey will clos thems l·ves, or be supplied with sp rin gs or p ulleys so that th ey cannot b e left standin g open, and bore holes s hall b e kept no t less than twelve f t in advance o f the face of every work ing place, and wh en n ec_essar~ on the sid es of th e sam e wh en they _a r~ berng dnven toward s and in dangerou s prox1m1ty to an abandoned min e or pa rt of a mi n e, s~spe~t~d of contain ing infla mmable gases, or which 1s mundated with water. pillars in the miners ' places at intervals of not more than sixteen yards for th e purpose of ventilation, and in all hauling roads holes for sh elter shall be mad~ every thirty yards , and be kept whitewashed , when a space two feet and six inches between the wagon and th e rib hall be deem ed sufficient for shelter; and th e minin g boss shall measure th air current at least on ce a week at the inlet and outlet and at or near the face of the headings. Record. SEC. 2568. The mining boss shall k ep a record of such measurements , which shall be placed by him in a book kep t for that pnrpose; said book to be open for the exam inati on of the aid State InspE>ctor. H e shall also, on or about the fifteenth day of each month, mail to th e tate Inspector of coal min es a tru e copy of th e air measurements given , stating a lso th e numb er of persons employed in or about said mine, the number of mules and horses used, and the number of days worked in each month , for which purpose blanks shall be furn ished by th e said Inspector. It shall be th e further dnty of th mining boss to immediately notify the own er or agent of the mine of hi s inability to comply with the provisions of this chapter . It shall th en become the duty of the said superintendent, operator, owner or agent at once to attend to th e matter complained of by the mining boss, and to comply with the provisions hereof. Safety Lamps-Ventilation. SEC. 2569. The safety lamps used for examining mines, or which may be used in working therein, shall be furnished by and be the property of the owner of said mine, and shall be in Examination of Mine. SE C. 2570. T h e mini ng boss, or hi assistant, shall visit a nd exam in e e,: e ry wo rkin g place in the min e at least once every a lterna te day while th e miners of such place are or sh ould be at work, and shall direct that each and every working place i prop erly secured by props or timber, and that safety in all resp ects is assured, and that no person shall be pe rmitted to work in an un safe place, unless it be for the purpose of makin g it safe. l Rules. SE . 257 r. All owners and operators of coal mines shall keep posted in a conspicuous place about their min e printed rules, submitted to and app_roved by the State Inspector, defining the duties of all persons em ployed in or about said ~oal mines, which said notices shall be printed 111 th~ langua~e or languages used by the miners workmg the rem . �18 STATE OF \V Y MING 19 M I NING LAW S Injury to Property- Penalty. SEC. 2572. Any min er, work man or oth e r perso~ who shall in_tentionally injure an y shaft, lamp, mstrume nt, air course or bra ttise, or obstruct or throw open a ir ways, or carry lighted pipes or matches into places that are worked by safety lamps, or handle or disturb a ny part of th e machin ery, or open a door and not clos e it again , or enter an y place of the min against ca ution, or disobey any order g iven in carrying out th e provisions of this chapte r, or do a ny othe r act whereby the lives or th e health of p ersons or security of the mines or machine ry is e ndangered, shall be deemed guilty of a misd emea nor, and may be punished in a man n er provid ed in section two thousand fiv e hundred and eightyfour. Machinery- Traveling Way. S Ec. 2573 . All mach inery about m in s hal l be properly fe nced off, and the r s hall be cut iu the side of every hoisting shaft, at th e bottom thereof, a traveling way sufficiently wide and high to enable persons to pass the shaft in going from one side of th e min to the other, without passing over or unde r the cage or oth er hoist ing apparatu s. Inspector to Have Access to Mines. S EC. 257+ The State Inspector of coal mines shall have the right at all tim es to ente r any coal mine to make ex amina tions or obtain information, and the owner or s up erintendent_ shall afford any assistance necessary to the said Ii:ispector in making such examination. The s~1d In spector shall notify the owner,lessee,supe_n ntendent or mining boss immediately of the discovery of any iolation of this chapte r, _and _o f the pe?a lty imposed the1:e b) fo _r s ue~ v10lat10n, and m case of such notice be mg d isregarded for th e space of five days h e shall institute p~o_ceedings aaainst the owner, age nt, less ee or mmrng boss, , u~der the prov'isions of section two thousand five: hun dred and eighty-four. In case, however, where, in th e j ud gme nt of the said Inspector, delay may jeop ardize l ife or limb, he may at once enter pro ceedings ( xcept the defects to be remedi ed ) to res train work ing of the min e; and th e cos t of said pro ceedings incl uding th e ch arge of the at torney pro secu ting th e same, shall be borne by the owner, le ssee, o r sup erinte ndent against wh om su ch pro ceedings are had; provicld, that n o atto rney fee exceeding the sum of fi fty dollars s hall be tax ed in any on e case for the prosecution of such case; and provided, furth 1::r, that if th e court sha ll find the cause not s ufficient, th en the ca se s hall be dismi ssed and the costs borne by th e ta t . Procedure in Case of Accident. ~E C. 257 5. vVh en ev r, by reason of any ex plosion, or any oth er accid ent, in any coal mine or th e machin ery conn ected therewith loss of life or serious pe rsonal injury shall occu;, it shall be th e ~uty of _su~h p erso~s having "charge of such ~me or colli ery to g ive a notice thereof fort~with to th e State Inspector of coal mines and 1£ any pe rson is killed th e reby, to the coro~ ner ?f th e county, who shall give due notice of the 11:1q uest to be held . If the coroner shall determm e to hold an inquest, the said Inspector shall be allowed to testify and offer such testi1 ~ ony as he shall deem necessary to thoroughly mform the ~ai~ inquest of the causes of the death, a nd the said mspector shall have authority at ,I p ===---=;=.===,::----,.,.....,,..,,.........,..- - - - - - - - -- - -~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~:--:-=-------:=-=::::?J·!, �T AT !! OF \Vvo~IING 20 21 M I NING LAW S an y tim e to appear b fore said coroner and jur ' a nd question or cro ss q uestio n any wi tness, and and in choosin g a j ury for th e pu r pos o f holding such inqu est it s ha ll be th e duty of the coroner to e mpanel at least one ex pe rienced min e r on such jury. It shall be the duty of the said I ns pector, up on bein g no t ified as herein provide~ , to imm edia tely re pa ir to th e scene of the accid ent and make such sugg stions as may a ppear necessary to secu re the future safety of th e menand if th e res ults of th e explosion or acciden t do not requ ire a n in ves ti gation by the coroner, he shall proceed to invest igate and ascertain th e cau se of th e ex plosion o r accid nt and make a record thereof, which he shall Ii] as provided for; an d to e nabl e him to make th e investigati on he shall hav e th e power to com pel the attendance of p e rson s to t stify, a nd to admini ter oath s or a ffi rmations. Tb e cost of uch inves tiga tio n shall be pa id by the county in which th e accident occ ur red in th e same mann er as co ts of coroners' inqu ests are paid by la w. Appeal from Decision of Inspector. SEc. 2576. The In spector shall exercise h is sound discretion in tbe en forcem ent of th e proYisions of this cha p ter, a nd if the operator, o,-vn r or miner shall not be sat isfied with a ny d ecision of the In spector rendered in the d ischa rge of hi s duties under this chapter, wh ich said decis ion s hall be in writin g, and s ign ed by sa id In specto r, the said own er, operator, miner or miners may, within fifteen days after s uch d eci sion is rendered, appeal to the district court of the county in which the mine is located, and said court shall speedily determine the point involved in said d ecis ion and appeal.which said decision shall be bind ing and conclusive, subject only to a n appeal to th e s upre me co urt of t!1e Sta te. T he_ co urt, in its d iscretion, may appoint th ree practi cal, co~petent a nd d isin tereste~ person s, w ~1?se duty 1t shall be, und r instruct10ns_ of the s aid court, to forth with examin e such mine a n d m ake re port und er oath of the facts _as t~e.f ex is t or m ay h~ve been, togethe r with th eir opm10ns th e reon , which report of said board shall becom e a b_so~ute, unless exceptions th ereto s ha ll· b e filed w1thm te n days after th e notice of the filing thereof, to t he ow ner, op erator, miner or mine rs or Inspector, a nd if exceptions be filed the cou rt shall at ? 1?ce hear and determine the same, and the dec1s10n shall b final and conclusiv , ubjec t o nly t o appeal as afor said . If the conrt s hall fina lly s ustai n th e d ecision of th e Inspector, then t h e a p p ellants shall pay all costs of uch proceedin gs, an d if th e court shall not sus tain the dec isio n of the In spector, then such costs shall be p aid by the co unty or by the appellants a n d co unty in such proport ion as the court s hall d e t ermine . N o appeal fro m any decision mad e by any Inspector shall work as a supersedeas during the pendency of such app eal, bu t all s uch d ecisions ba ll be in full force until reversed or m odifi ed by the court. Examining Board- Appointment. SE c. 2_577. On th e p e tition of the Inspector of _coal mm es, th e d is_tr ict court in any county in this S tate s hall a p p omt a n exam ining board for such c? un ty, con s istin g of the State Inspector of co_al mm es, an ope rator of a coal mine, and a coal mmer, who shall be citize n s of the Uriited States and the la tter two of w hich board shall have a~ le~s~ ten years' experi ence in coal mines and mmm g, whos: duty it shall be to examine a ny person applymg there to as to his competency �n 22 MININ G LAW S and qualification s to discharge the duti es of mining boss. ST ATE O F \ :YVOM IN G 23 Boss to Have Certificate. SEc. 2578. Said board of ex am iners shall meet at the call of the Inspector and th ey sh all grant certificat~s to all persons whose ex amination shall disclose th eir fitn ess for the duties of mining boss, and such certificat shall be suffi cient evidence of the competen cy and qualification of the holders for the dut ies of aid office· provided, how ever, that when th e tate lVIine In spector from his inspection of any mine may become satisfied that the min e-boss or fire- bos s is incompetent in th e p erforman ce of hi s du ties, he may request him to unde rgo a r -examinatio n before the examining board , and in th e even t of bis refusal to undergo said exa mination h e is he reby authorized to cancel his certificate of compete ncy and cause the sam e to beco me null and void. SEC. 2580 . No person s hall act as fire-boss or mining-boss unless granted a certifi cate of competency by th e State Inspector of coal mines. No own er, operator, contractor, lessee or ·agent shall employ any mining-boss or fire-boss who does not have the certificate of competency r equired. Said ce rtificate shall be posted up in the office of the mine, and if any accident shall occur in any min in wh ich a mining-boss or fireboss shall b employed who has no certificate of competency, as required by this chapt er, by which any miner shall be killed o r injured, h e or his estate s hall hav e a right of actio n against such operator, owner, les e or agen t, and shall recover th e full dam ages susta in ~d ; in case of death, such action to be brought by th e administrator of his estate within three years from the date of accident, the proceeds recovered to be divided among the h eirs o f the d eceased according to -law. Compensation and Term of Office. Inspection at request of Miners. Duties of Board. I SE c. 2579. The members of th e exammrng board, other than th e Insp ector, sh all h old their office for the p e riod of two years from the date o{ their appointm ent, and sha ll receive five dollars per day for each day necessarily and actually employed, and mil eage at the rate of fifteen cents per mil e for each mile necessarily traveled , to be paid by the State. Vacancies in th e membership of the board shall be filled by th e court of the proper county, except the vacancy in the office of the Inspector. Sessions of the examining board shall not exceed three days in each quarter, and for any certificate granted the board shall receive the sum of one dollar, the same to be paid into the State treasury. S~c. 25 r. At any tim e, upon the request o f the mmers employe~ Ill any co'.11 mine, the State Inspector may appomt a comm ittee of two miners employed in said min e, which committee shall ~e assisted by the min e-boss to make an inspection ~f said mine and report th e result of said inspec_tion to _the State Mine Inspector, for which se;v1ces said committee shall be paid by the· mmers ~mployed in said mine. The State Insp~ctor is hereby made the legal adjuster of all ~v;_igh scales,_ measures or other mechanical mame by which the miners' coal is weighed or mefsured, and shall balance and adjust said fta es or me~sur~s at any time he may consider necessary Ill his official \'isits to the mines. �- ----- 6J STAT E OF' \IVVOMING MINING LAW S Person Injured to Recover Damages-When. SEc. 2582. F or a ny inj ury to person or property occasioned by any violation of this ch apter, or any willful fa ilure to comply with its provi sions, a right of action against th e party at fault shall accrue to the party injured for the direct damages sustain ed the reby, and in any case of loss of life ; by reason of such violati on or willful failure, a right of acti on against th e party at fault shall accrue to the ad ministrator of th e e tate of the person whose life shall be los t, fo r like recovery of damages for the inj uri es sustained ; provided, that nothing in this section shall be so construed as to preven t th e recovery of any lawful damages against th pe rson or company op erating the mines if said company hould be found in fault or shall have contributed to any accident by means of carelessn ess on thei r part; and provided, furth er, that in no case shall the State be liable for d amages u nder th i chapter. Stretchers to be Provided-When. S E . 2583 . It shall be th e duty of owners, operators, lessee , superint nd en t a nd agents of coal min es to keep at th e mouth of the drift, shaft or s lope, or at any such oth er place or places as shall be designated by th e I nspecto r, stretche rs in such numb er as th e Inspector shall designate, prop erly constructed, for the purpose of carrying away any miner or employe working in and about such mine, who may in any way be injured in and about his employm ent. Neglect of Duties-Penalties. SEc. 2584. The neglec t or refusal to JJerform the duties required to be performed by any section of this chapter or sections one hundred and 25 ten to one hundred and fifteen inclusive (these sections are now Chapter 23, Laws of 1903, t_he first chapter of this pamphlet) by the pa~t1es therein required to perfo_rr:n th em, or t?e v10lations of any of th e prov1s1ons _or reqmrements thereof, shall be d eem ed a m1sdel'!1eanor, a~d shall, upon conviction, ex cep t whe rem otherwise provided, be punish ed by a fine of not l~ss than two hundred dollars and no t ex ceedmg five hundred dollars, at the discre tion of the court; provided, tha t in case the neglect or failure or violation occurs in the case of th e State Inspector of coal mines, if such violation , failure or neglect is shown to have been willfu l, such punishm ent shall be by a fine of not less than fiv e hundred dollars nor mo re than one thousand dollars, or by impriso n ment not less than six months nor more than one year, or by both ; and in default of paym ent o f any fin e imposed upon any person und er thi s chapter, such person may be committed to jail until th e same shall be paid. Application. SE c. 2585. T h e prov1 s10ns of this chapter shall not apply to any mine employing an average of less than ten persons during any one twenty-four hours. CHAPTER 3 ·-'i., Eight Hour Law :j Legal Working Day in Coal Mines. S;c. 2 586. Eight hours shall constitute a day s work for all coal miners and laborers now ::ployed, ?r ,yho 1:1-ay be hereafter employed, in .t Y coal mme m this State, except in cases where I may be necessary to work more than eight �- 7[j - -- -- • - - MINING LAWS STA TE OF 'WYOMING hours per calendar day for th e protection of property or human life; provided , that in all such cases the miners or laborers so employed and working to exceed eight hours pe r cale ndar day shall be paid upon the basis of eight h o urs constituting a day's work. Ill a)' hereafter l>e e mployed , in or about any coal Day Defined. SEC. 2587. In all contracts h ereafte r made between any owner, lessee or operator of any coal mine with any such miner or laborer for his services as such, the word day when used shall be construed to be eight hours; provided, that nothing in this chapter contained shall be construed to prohibit or prevent any such owner, lessee or operator from operating his or its coal mine more than eight hours in any twen ty-four. Time Defined. SEc. 2588. The eight hours in thi s chapter provided for shall be con stru ed to mea n eight hours of actual labor and shall not include th time consumed in going to or returni ng from work. Penalty. SEC. 2589. Any owner, lessee or operator, his or its agent, employes or servants violatin g any of the provisions of this chapter shall be fined not less than fift y dollars nor more than three hundred dollars, or imprisoned not more than three months, or both. CHAPTER 4 Payment of Coal Miners Miners Shall be Paid Semi=J\1.onthly. SEc. 2590. All wages or compensation of coal miners and laborers, now employed, or who mine in the Stat , s ha ll be due and payable semi-monthly, and such payment shall be made in lawful mon ey of th e U nited States, or by . a good and valid c~eck o r draft, payable on :presentation thereof, m lawful money of the Umted States, and not otherwi e; that is to say, all such money earned prior to the first day of any month shall be due and payable on or before the fifteenth day of such month, and any such money earned prior to th e sixteenth day of any month shall be due and payable on or before the last day of s uch month . Any person, company or corporation operat in g coal mines wi thin this State who fails to com ply with the prov isions of this section sha ll be fined in the sum of no t les s than twentyfive dollars nor more than o ne hundred dollars for each and every offense. Action Accrues- When. SE C. 2591. In case of any employer of any suc h miner or laborer s hall fail or refuse to make payment as aforesaid, the same shall be recoverable in an ac tion at law, together with legal interest from the date wh en such ·amount was due, as provid ed herein. Set=Off. S Ec. 2592. No account for goods, wares or merchandise, nor any claim, except for money lo~n ed or advanced by such employer to such mmer or laborer, except as hereinafter provided, shall be allowed as a set-off or counter-claim in such action, and any condition of employment whereby any of the provisions of this chapter are sought to be avoided shall be utterly null and void. �--.----- ST,<TK 0 1' vV\' OM I NG ]VftNIN G LAWS Employer May Furnish Certain Supplies. SEC. 2593. Nothing in this chapter contained shall be held to inte rfere with any contract or agreement, in writing, for th e furni shing by such employer to such employes, o f med ici n e, medical attendance, fuel or house rent. CHAPTER 5 Weighing of Coal Regulating the Weighing of Coal. SE C. 2594. It shall be unlawful for any mine owner, lessee, operator, agent or company in this State, employi ng miners at bushel or ton rates, or other quantities, in mining coal , to pass the output of coal min ed by said miners over any screen or any device which shall take any part of the marketable coal from the amount thereof, before the same shall have bee n weigh ed and duly credited to the employes sending th same to the surface, unless o th erwise agreed upon between miners and th eir emp loyers. In case of an y agree ment where coal is credited to miners after having been screened and weighed, said miners or employes shall recei ve compensation for all marketable or saleable coal sent by them to the surface, and accounted for at the customary rate of weights; provided, that this section shall also apply to the class of ·w orkers io mines known as loaders engaged in mines where mining is done by machinery whenever the workers are under contract to load coal by bushel, ton or quantity. Fraudulent Weighing of Coal Prohibited. SEC. 2595. It shall be unlawful for any person, company or corporation having or using , for the purpose of weighing th e ontput of sea les . . . l mine in this State, to so arrange 01 conany c Oa • t • h struct the sam e that fraudulent or mcorrec we1g 1· may b e done th e reb y, or to resort to or em~~y any m eans by reason ;of which such_ coal rs may be mined sh all be mcorrectly weighed and reported . Penalty. SE C. 2596. Any p erson, company or corporation, or agent or e mploye of a1_1y person, company or corporation, who sbal! v10late '.1ny of the provision s of the t wo pre ceding sections, shall be fined not more than on e hundred dollars, or imprisonme nt in th e connty jail not more than three months, or both. CHAPTER 6 Session Laws 1903 CutaOffs in Cross• Cuts in Coal Mines Cut=Offs-Built How. SEC. r. It shall be th e duty of ev-ery person, company or corporation, owning or operating coal mines, to shut off all unused cross-cuts between main entries and air courses with a tightly built wall of suitable rock ; said wall may be built of waste rock from said mine, the face of such wall to be plastered with mud, or lime and sand; said wall to be kept at all times in perfect condition and repair. Safety Cable to Man=Trips. SEc. 2. It shall be the duty of every person, compa?-y or corporation, owning or operating • ~oal mmes, to provide a wire cable which shall, m all cases, and under all circumstances, be attached to the lead car on all trains of coal cars �Mll,JN G LAW 30 going into a coal min e, and to th e las t car of coal cars coming out of a min e, whi ch train of cars are commonly known as " man -trip s " ; and which said wire cabl e s ha ll also be attached to the hoist cable in such way that, if an y co uplin g of the cars on sa id " man-trips " sh ou ld becom e broken or unfaste ned , th e said wire cabl , s o attached to the hoist cable, would prevent th e cars becoming uncoupled and runnin g back into th e mine. Any such train of cars, known as " man trips;,, shall not be run at a g reat r speed than five miles an hour. Penalty. SE C. 3. Any person , company or corporation violating any of th e pro vis ion s of th is act shall upon conviction thereof, be d e m ed gui lty o f ~ misdemeanor. and shall be fined not less than one hundred dollars nor more th a n one thousand dollars for each offense. State Mine Inspector- Duty. SE C. 4. It s hall be the cl u ty of th e State Mine Inspector to enforce the provis ions of this act. CHAPTER 106, SESSION LAWS OF WYOMING, 1909. House Bill 118 Relative to Sprinkling of Dry and Dusty Places in Coal Mines. AN ACT, to provide for the sprinkling with water of all dry a nd d usty places or parts of coal mines in the State of Wyoming and providing penalt ies for t he viola tion thereof. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF WYOMING: Shall Sprinkle. SEC. I. Th e owner, lessee or agent or operator of a ny coal mi ne, whether shaft, slope or drift , sha ll sprinkl e wi t h water at least twice a week all dry and dusty places ,, ithin said coal mines, and all accumulations of dust shall be loaded up a nd taken outside of the said mine at least once each month while such mine is in operation ; Provided, That all accumulations of slack, machin e slack, track cleanings and other waste n:a tcrials incident _to. coal mining shall be consid ered as dust w1th111 the meaning of this act. Amount of Fine. SEC. 2. Any person, persons, or association of persons, or corporations or agent, operator, lessee or owner of any coal mine in this State who shall violate any of the provisions of this act shall upon conviction be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars. for each and every offense. SEC. 3- Tlus act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved February 27th, 1909. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Coal Mining Laws of Wyoming Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1909 Subject The topic of the resource Sections of revised statutes and amended laws of 1901, 1903, and 1905. Description An account of the resource 6" x 4" booklet with beige cover and black spine. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Union Pacific Coal Co. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0033 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/8d338272b53c24f601573310ebea2519.pdf bc0381b9de2a1ce691226914009fcd6e PDF Text Text The Lungmatar ~hed Need of It Here it is! Small Safe <l1f T here were over forty thousand (40,000) cases in the United States last year where the Lungmotor. could have been used if available, aside from Asphyxia of the new-born, Dispelling the effects of A naesthesia, and testing death. • Sure CI/! This is certainly a startling statement, but a true one. Simple Marmy live§ l({])sit ftr({])m the Following Calill§te~ (:(Q)lill~& IHiave Been Saved lhy lU$nll1lg frllii<e l mnrngmotor Poisoning from Gases and Fumes Smoke Mining Accidents Strangulation Electric Shock Collapse after Anaesthesia Apparently Drowned Asphyxia of New-born, Etc. Also POSITIVE PROOF of DEATH The Lungmotor and Oxygen Generator always ready for use-always ready to give air, simple and easy to workthree fingers. C11 Either buy a Lungmotor yourself-or kindly use your influence· toward the establishment of L ungmotor protection in your community. You will ever be pleased with your action. MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS 180 N. MARKET STREET CHICAGO, ILL. NEW -YORK CITY 1008 Times Bldg. BOSTON, MASS. 53 Devonshire St. SIDE VIEW-showing expiration outlet (0), expiration cylinder (H), volume gauge slide pin (A). INSPIRATION SIDE and BACK VIEW- showing ( A) vol_ume gauge slide pin, (~) point.er for gauge slide pm , (B) a1rand oxygen mixing valv_e, ( n) ai_r inlet, (C) ox:,:gen mlct (E) inspiration cylinder, (H) expiro.tion cylinder. Save Human Lilre==llt Pays-Pays Big �«' l What the Lungmotor Does The Lungmotor does the very next thing normal breathing because it suppliesechanically-the tidal volume of air each spiration (the amount you breathe at st)-enough ·air, but not so much as to ossibly injure the lung tissues and the rculation, thus not leaving the patient pen to pneumonia. lt is safe because it does not depend pon back pressure in the lungs to operate om inspiration to expiration and vice ersa. • You can supply oxygen from any kind of ontainer ; see article on this page entitled, Gives Air, Also Oxygen." The inspiration and expiration and volumn btained by the Lungmotor arc regulated the Device-not in the Lungs, as is the se with the other kind. Air is always ayailable with Lungmotor. We've run out of oxygen" need not be the gonizing and helpless cry with the Lungotor. Keep pumping-pumping pure air. Time is essential in resuscitation cases; e Lungmotor is so compact and light at a man or boy can "flip" a street car, icycle or horse, or run to the scene of e accident, getting there in the shortest ossible time. The Lungmotor can be opated under any and all conditions-in a eking boat, swaying ambulance, or while e patient is being carried on a stretcher. t can be operated in any altitude. The Lungmotor is absolutely safe. The aximum pressure on inspiration and exiration is fixed definitely so that it can do o harm to the most delicate lung: this is ccomplished by very simple non-movable echanical parts which maintain only the sential pressure. LUNGMOTOR VS. MANUAL METHODS. The failure to e~tablish respiratory equibrium by any of the manual methods now use is one of the very seriuus elements hich contribute to their inefficiency. The establishment of the respiratory quilibrium and the consequent induction to. action of the suction action of the orax on the heart and great vessels, which esults in increased blood 'pressure, is the eat reason why the Lungmotor produces esults in asphyxia which no other method an produce. Strong Points of the Lungmotor You can always gh·e air. You can give any mixture of oxygen and ir by instant adjustment. -You can instantly adjust from neworn to largest adult. -You can at will increase or decrease ei;,..;r- ·ons per minute. ou can increase or decrease air Yolume, r air oxygen volume per respiration. - You can work fast or slow-give small r large air volume-changeable at will. -You can help in the effort to breathe ithout taking off the face-mask. -You can take care of all water and ucus from the lungs in cases of apparent rowning, without removing the face mask. You can prevent air going into the stomch not by holding your linger on the arynx but hy a patented throat tuhe reuiring no attention-very simple and yet e. -You can cause inspiration ~ithC?ut _exiration-expiration witho~t msp1rat1on. This is accomplished without tracheal ubes.) Should a face mask become damaged or he rubber pad on t1:1e face he.come. detr'lyed you still can give the patient air or '-Ygen. How Lungmotor Works with SiO c. c. or 35.43 cu. in. with each stroke-the volume an average adult would norm a lly breathe at rest. The Lungmotor • In 1'912 two commissions composed of eminent physiologists and technical experts were appointed to investigate the subjects of: Resuscitation from Mine Gases. Resuscitation from Electric Shock. The reports of these commissions, in effect. establishes a standard for devices int~nded for use in inducing respiration mechanically, and have attr;acted widespread atten.;. Gives Air---Also Oxygen NE\\/BORN ········ 5 YEARS······ 10 YEARS· ···· · ADULT A'/[RAGE •• • A!IULT LARGE ••• A. r ····-E It is_ genera lly con ceded that the use of pure air alone is sufficient to res uscitate in alm_ost e_ver)'. case, pro\'ided it is given the patient 111 time and in sufficient amount. The Lungmotor will always give air. In cases where added oxygen is needed the Lungmotor outfit meets all requirements per[ectly. O~ygen made by putting fused sodmm peroxid e in water can be used on th_c san1e principle as making acetylene• gas with fused calcium carbide and water. The hos pital is always suppli ed w ith regular oxyge n tanks and docs not need ot her a pparatus to ge nerate oxyge n. The Lungmotor bein g co nn ected up wit h th e r egular tanks saves time a nd trou ble to the atte ndants, answers th e same purpose as our ge ~1 erator. and sav es th e a dd ed expe nse of $b.OO. • l f you hav e no Lungmo tor oxygen compound or uxy ge n tan ks you can always give air. Ko frei ght bill. no r epa ir charges, no trouble. no failur e from lack of oxyge n at the vital moment. This cut (1) shows Lungmotor giving air only (air contains 20.96 per cent oxygen). If you want additional oxygen, you can attach to any kind of oxygen tank, not missing a single air giYing stroke. ·when oxygen container attached, turn valve "B " (see cut 1) and you can then , by observing the volume indicator thereon, gi\·e any mixture of air and oxygen throu g h the Lungmotor desired. The Lungmotor consists of two air . :,: pumps which operate in unison, yet are not u connected in any way as far as the interchange of air is concerned. At no time AIR AND does the devitalized air come in contact with the fresh air or oxygen. HOSPITAL TANK An upward movement of the handle of SIZE-J2 " TO 16 " X 30"TO 42" the Lungmotor fills inspiration cylinder Tlus cut (2J shows Lun gmotor conn ected with air or oxygen or a mixture of both, to r egular Hospital tank. Amount oxygen according to the setting of the air and to gas bag can be easily re gulated by thumb oxygen va lve (B). At the same time the screw on top oxygen tank. expiration cylinder fills with the expired air, STATICS OF THE CHES~ vcrv gentlv expelled from the lung-s of the (Show this to a Physician.) subject. Conversely, the following downN' ormally. there exists in the thoracic ward mov<.>ment of the handle and piston . forces the air and oxygen now contained in caYity a negative pressure which varies from about l.'i to 30 nun. This pressure varies, the inspiration cylinder into the lung-s of th e subject and discha 1g-es the expired air increasing on inspiration an.d decreasing on expiration. of the expiration cylinder into the open. \ Vhen we speak of preserving the normal To make the Lungmotor available for persons of all ages and correspondingly vary- statics of the chest we mean maintaining ing lung capacities the Lungmotor is pro- the normal pressures within the thoracic vided with adjustments for different air cavity. This preservation · of the normal pressures volumes suitable for new-horn. five year old, ten year old, fifteen year old or small within the thoracic cavity assists the circulation, due to the suction action of the thorax adult, adult average and adult large. This on the heart and great vessels during inprO\·ides for all sizes of subject. X ow note volume notches on the inspira- spiration. This preservation of the statics of the tion piston rod opposite to each of the sizes of subject, viz: New-born. five years thoracic cavity by means of the Lungmotor the great reason for its efficiency as a old. ten years old, fifteen years old or small is resuscitating device-the only device acadult. adult average and adult large. These complishing this. volume notches are engaged by the slide The Lungmotor facilitates the circulation, pin. (A.) (See Cut Ko. 1) .on top of the causes the blood to flow more freely inspiration cylinder cover. This slide pin through the lung to the left ventricle, therecan be swung around the circle over the by giving the left ventricle more blood o-raduated volume. size, and stroke regulatupon which to contract, causing the coni~g dial, the graduations ,~ith plain _marks traction of the left ventricle to force more for corresponding ages reg1stenng with the _blood. into_th e..aorta. -thereby- incrc.asing the notches in the -piston ro . blood pressure in the corona_ry arter:ics. The establishment of this respiratory Take as a Subject-Average Adult: Set volume indicator to "average adult"- equilibrium and the consequent induction instantly done. No danger of giving sub- into action of the suction action of the thorax on the heart and great vessels, which ject more air or greater pressure than he should have. Draw out tongue, insert throat results in increased blood pressure, is the great reason why mechanical resuscitation (gullet) tube (to prevent air going into stomach) press bulb, snap catch, adjust produces results which no other method face-mask-pump. Subject will be supplied will produce. r1; What Bureau Mines Order Means t1011. The commissions were composed of the following members: Those marked * chosen by American l\Iedical Associations. Those marked t .chosen by ;\7ational Electric Light Association. Those marked :j: chosen by American Institute Electrical Engineers. Connectc:d to Oxygen Generator . Cut shows th e L un gmo tor with Oxygen Gen erat o r and face ma sk ready to place on pa ti en t. Explanation of Cut. (A ) t iova ble pi n w hich turns by gerrtly pulling a nd ad justs the Lungmotor from ne w-bo rn to the largest adult. ( B) i\Iix in g val ve, wher~by all air, all oxygen o r any percentage of either may be give n. Always under in..stant con tro l o f ope rator by a twist of the thumb screw. (C) Oxygen inlet. (D ) Screened air inlet valve. Oxygen Generator which connects by tub e and gas bag with the Lungmotor and makes fresh, pure oxygen alongside th e subj ect just as needed. (E) i ee dle valve which regulates the makin g of oxygen. ( f,) Outlet for oxygen gas. (G) Pressure gauge. (H) Safety valve. (P) Pointer on the movable adjusting pin (A) and tells wh en Lungmotor set to rig ht size patient. (R) l'vletal face mask with soft rubber covering to go over face and nose. Re.s uscitation from Electric Shock. Resuscitation from Mine Gases. *Dr. \V. B. Cannon, Chairman *Dr. George \ ;V. Crile *Dr. Yandell Henderson *Dr. S. J. Meltzer tDr. Edward Antony Spitzka :j:Dr. A. E. Kennelly :j:Dr. Elihu Thomson tW. C. L. Eglin :j:\\i. D. Weaver, Secretary This report issued under authority Na tional Electric Light Association. ,:,Dr. \V. B. Cannon, Chairman *Dr. George \V. Crile ''Dr. Yandell Henderson ,:,Dr. Joseph Erlange_r *Dr. S. J. :;.\-Ieltzer This report issued under authority U. S. Bureau of Mines as public document, Technical Paper Xo. ii. The U. S. Government Bureau of l\Iines, after the issuance of these reports, stopped using Pulmotors and removed them from all mine rescue cars and stations, and after nineteen months of careful investigation by its technical experts and physicians. has just bought Lungmotors to take their place. • The Lungmotor met, physiologically and mechanically, eYery requirement and test of these commissions. Ko device ever received closer scrutiny bv reason of the universal interest in, and the importance of the subject, which culminated in the reports oi these two commissions. Thus, securing the order, (which means approval) gives the Lungmotor a tremendous victory. The Infant Lungmotor ANYONE CAN- USE IT. Lungmotor always aYailable, because a~ybody can use it. In the recent N <!w York City subway fire it was used successfully by persons who had never seen the instrument before. "Now let us Conserve Human Life." The Infant Lungmotor was designed with but one idea in mind-to give the medical profession a deYice technically perfect, yet light in weight, simple in construction and easy of operation, which can be placed in the obstetrical bag and cause no inconvenience. Constructed upon the same basic principle as the large Lungmotor, which has performed so many remarkable resuscitations. The Infant Lungmotor delivers a volume of air corresponding to the air breathed in the first hour after birth by three sizes of infants, namely: (Small) premature infant. ....... 2.5 cu. in. (Medium) size infant ............ 5.2 cu. in. (Large) infant........ . .......... 8. cu. in. It is intended that the deYice be worked about 60 times a minute, as this is the rate of breathing inaugurated by the new-born ir.fant. This falls to about 40 at the end of the first hour. The Infant Lungmotor operates by hanJconYenient for obstetrician or nur;e to handle-very simple in construction-very light (4 pounds) including conYenient brass box in which the instrument can be boiled. Me~surement over all 2¼x5xl0 inches. By simply unscrewing nut ''E" with two fingers it is disassembled and can be thoroughly sterilized. It is so constructed th:it it is impossible for any one to reassemble 1t, except in the right way. Price complete. in hinged brass case, 2J4x5x!O inches , . , ... . .......... . $32.50 Cities, Towns, Hospitals, Industrial Corporations, Mines, Bathing Beaches, Parks, Drug Stores, Physicians, Ambulances, Etc., that are equipped to save human life are repaid a thousand fold. �The Highest Award Grand Prize BELLEVUE HOSPITAL New York City, New York (December 1914) Has Bought Eight (8) Lungmo!({))T(S ~-®!f* •• CCll'OU.TUI I T11'UUl.C11l.UTl.1C:IIAM"Ul:.I L.\ . . Cll 1111 ,cw,ou 1tblD <:nifi111 tbal 'The~119motor ...,§';'1:7:"P.-i~:or ~rt0nb gmmmn ~o!lition or i;,alttp anb ~nnftation 1914 The American Museum of Safety The Lungmotor Outfit Complete r READ THE STORY ln February, 1914, after a demonstration of th e Lungmotor, an outfit was deliver ed to Be llev ue Hospital, ew York City, " on trial." After 30 days' ust! th e A llied Hospitals (Gouverneur, Fordham and the Bronx) were s upplie d o ne each "on trial" and Bellevu e req uested anot her one. No effo rt was made by us to influence the purchase of Lungmotors, because we were satisfied if they were actually us ed they wou ld by the ir effic ie ncy justify voluntary acti on by the Hosp ital Superi nt end en ts to pla ce formal orde rs. The orde r did come (Decenibe r, 1914) a lmost nin e months after practi ca l tr ial in many cases. Now comes further proof of Lu ngmotor success:March 19, 1915, Be ll e\'ue Hospital sent in a n order fo r two more Lun gmot ors-making seven (7) in al l. April 15 another order came for the Dru g Dept.-making· eight (8) in all. Plainly, here is a case wherc it was not simply bu"yin g "anything that looks good." They tried out Lungmotors for months before placing their order and then, justified by Procrastination i~E Thief of Life The entire outfit for every emergency consists of the following securely packed in a special strong carrying case: The Lungmotor with pre:ssure and suction tubes, two sizes face-masks, tl1roat tube, head strap, mouth gag and wedge, tongue forceps, tongue depressor and tracheal tube. Oxygen Generator complete with safety valve-gauge, connecting tubes, also gas bag. Oxygen compound in two cans, each containing six cakes oxygen. Weighs complete, 33 ½ lhs. Price .... .. $150 The Lungmotor (without Oxygen Generator) with pressure and suction tubes, face mask, head strap and other small accessories, All Ready to Give All Airwi th gas bag and connections for attaching t7> any oxygen container. 1.Veighs, in carrying case, but 18½ lbs., size 23x9½x5½ lnch e.. actual, practical experience, they order more Lnngmotors. Here is proof that is proof. Bellevue Hospital knew what mechanical respirators were before the Lungmotor was shown them. They were in the best possible position to judge-they had owned the "other kind." They did judge-they bought Lungmotors when they needed additiona l respirators. Begin saving lives with the Lungmotor in your hospital in cases of:Collapse during anaesthesia; asphyxia new-born. Asphyxiation by gas, fumes and smoke. Apparent drowning, mining accidents, electric shock. Suffocation, pneumonia, diphtheria. Positive test of death, etc. We send Lungmotors on inspection. vV c long ago got beyond the "trial order stage." The safety, success, availability _and adaptability of the Lungmotor have been proved hundreds of times. Let us send you one to look atkeep it a week-get acquainted with it-you'll not send it back. Frie - .... - .. .... . . ... .. . . . . ; .$135 Instructions accompany each machine and they are so complete and pl:i.in that any one can follow them and successfully operate the Lungmotor. Please Note: Both Lungmotor and Oxy- • Lunsrmotor, Cornple~~-. •.~. ~~~~-. ~----\~C,~ ln cut ..•• •• • • • • Wiiho~i o:xyaen Kenerator, but gen Generator separately usab le and separLunarmolor ec\lon wl\h any oxy1ren con-complete tor coPn ..................... S1B.5. ately portable. l»"i-'i'!:~ ·;.·,;:b:Chi~Qo. 30 day ■ n _e t, 2~ 10 daya They Bought Lungmotors At a state Medical Society Meeting, the other day, _the Lungmotor and "the-otherkind" were shown side by side. The Mayor and Health Commissioner said: "'0le will buy what the Meeting thinks is the best." They bought Lungmotors. The Police Department of one the largest cities in the world wanted eleven mechanical resuscitating devices. The other kind and the Lungmotor were brought before the Surgeons and officials. They could have had four of "the other kind" for nothing, but they bought eleven Lungmotors, and Lungmotors are the only ones they use. They wanted the kind that didn't get ont of motive powf!r-the kin,\ ;inyon~ could use and the kind that can always supply air at a safe prcssur<:. More Lungmotors have ueen bought by the hospitals of New York, Chicago, Pittsburg and Washington, D. C., during the past few months than "the other kind" has ever sold to hospitals in these cities. � https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/a10d1e454e3bc434d9f9755c33eca0e0.pdf 0f1e859854bacc0c0d6629e1dbc68f47 PDF Text Text • Sorrne Users · of oh<P.J A lL1lll I1ll gIl un-W 1f ~ Il }T • 1M ADE IN UNITED STATES) No Cluwgcd 'funls Tro ubl e, Cl'rwr :ll c O xy1;~ v,:ith llw ll-O·~~~l(fj.Tu (r;U.~.i:Ir~l~""1, ~nml\\'lw r• You Need It 1\To One Can I-lesiiat e to 'BuJ; L11111;-motors w hen lie Reads this List �~JES-Continued. ,:, UJ'.'TT-CfED STATES GOVERNMENT. United ~cates Navy Depar tment. United States \Var Departme,nt. United States D epartm ent of l nter ior. United Sta tes D epar tm e nt of Ju s tice. United States H ulls De part ment. United States D eep Sea Div ing De par tment. United States Re cl ama ti on Serv ice, Ru per t, Idah o. United States Rec lama tion Se r vice. P hoe nix , Ari z. Na val T raini ng Stat ion. N ew por t, R. 1. NaYy Ya rd, L:rookl yn, ;\. Y . Navy Yar d. fl<orf olk, \' ir "·inia. N,n-y Ya rd, P hilaclt' lphi a, I'a. Na \·y Yard , l' orl mo uth, X. 1T . ),;avy Yard. \\' as hinglon, D. . J ndian l [rad J ' r oYi ng . Gro 11 11d s. UNITED STATES BURE AU OF MIN ES . M IKE RE SCUE STAT IONS : P itt bur g, Pa. Scranto n, P a. McA Ii i te r. Ark. Rill in g-s. :'I I onl. D rnv cr, Co lo. Birm ing ham , A la. Evan svi ll e, In d. Ur ba na, 111. ALL U. S. i\f lNE R E S CUE CAR . Sta te Min e Tn ~pector, J oh n f' ell cgri11 0, Pi tt burg. Kan sas. :tl l lNE R ES CUE i\lOTOR T R U K . PA NJ\i\f A-PAC I Fl C EXPO, l T IO N, Si\N f R.ANCl SCO, CAL. "THE M INE." P A NAtl IA- P A Cl FI C EXPOS ITI ON , SAN FRANC IS CO , CA L. GOVERNMENT . OF GREECE. Navy Departm en t, Batt les hi p K ilkis. • GOVERNMENT OF HOLLAND. fl agne Ge neral Hos pita l, T he B a gne, Holla nd. INDIA. Gupta, Dr. S. P ., Bcnares. I nd ia. · EXPOSITIONS. Panama Paci fic E xposition , Sa n F ra ncisco, Cal. California Pacific E x posit ion , San Diego, Cal. LIFE SAVING CORPS. '' U nited S ta t es Vo lt111 t ce r L iie Savin g Corps, N ew Y ork City. ,:,v olnnt re r L ife Gua r d,, O ak mo nt, P a. STATES. ,::, Crmnec licnt-Xorw ich Stale H ospital for 'Insane, 1orwich. Conn. Illinois-Naval Reserves. Illinois-Sta te Board o f A dm ini~tra t ion, J, a nsas-.\lin c Jn~vcclion Departm e nt, Pi ttsburg, Ka nsas. O hio-O hio l n<lu s tri al Commissi on Pennsyl va nia-Pe nn syl vania State College, Min·ing D epartment, College, Pa. P e nn syl vania Sta le H Os pit al, Shamokin, Pa. . Sew Jcr~t•y- ~c w J er sey S tate Hospital, Morns Main s, N. J. . . . ' ' Lunrimotors Repl aced All Other Re suscitating Devices. ,\bcr<lcc n, So. J.?akota, Emcrgc ncy D ·par u ncnt. ,\clams, Mass., Em ergency Department. t\ lhan~•• Ore., Emerge ncy Depa rtm ent. As hland, O hio, a fe_ty D e part me nt. Atl antic City, N. J., l•ire Departm ent. Alliance, Ohio, F ire D e pa r tm e nt. Alton, Ill. , E mcrge r'. CY D e pa r tme nt. 4\ mcsbury, tll ass., F ir ~ D ep artm e nt. Am es bury, Mass., J:'o!tcc D epa rtmc n t. Atchinson, Kans., F ire Department. Aurora, Ill., Police Depa rtm P. 11t. Austin, Minn., Central Fir e S ta t io n. Austin Tex., Fire Depart :ne nt. Akron: Oh io, Fire Depa rt m ent. J\ \'O II, N"ew Jer cy, Boar d of llcalth . Barberton, Oh io, Fire Depar tment. Baraboo, \\'isconsi n, Sa fe ty Department. Belmar, N. J., Em erge ncy Department. Berlin, \\'isronsin, F ire Department. Brantford, Ontari o, Ca n., Saiety Depart ment. Benton l:l arb or, 1Ii ch., D epar tment l'ul, lic a fety. Beverly, Mass., l olice D epa r tment. Hos ton, :\lass., City H os p. Rclid Statio n. Cairo, Ill., Board of Health. Cedar Rapids, Iowa, F ire Department. Canton,- Ohio, Em er gency D ep t. Champaign, 111., F ire D epar tm ent. Charleston, \V. Va·., F ire Departm e nt. Cheyenn e, \ \Iyo.; "E merge ncy Depar tm e nt. Chicago, 111., Police Am bulance Depar tme nt. Chatha m, O ntar io. Ca n .. Fire Depart ment. Clinton, Io wa, Publ ic Safe ty D e pa rt me nt. Colorado Spri ng·s, Colo., Health D e part me nt. Columbus, Oh io, Police D e pa rtm ent. Columbus, Oh io, F ire D epa rtment. Concord, i\lass., H eal th Depart ment. Charles City, l a., Safe ty Depa r tm ent. Cuba, Ill., Firs t Aid. Dayton, Ohio, Fire Departm ent. Decatur, lll., Fire Departm e nt. Defiance, Ohio, P ublic Safety D epa rt me nt. genver,_ Colo., Fire D~partm ent. ~s i\Iomes, Iowa, Poli ce Depar tment. 0 1xon, 111., Department of H ealth . gu~uque, ~owa, Fire Depa rtment. Du,utl_1, Mmn., F ire Department. etroit, 11-Iich., Police D epartment Eau Cl • \\T' • Edwa dau:e, • is., Emergency D epartment. Ed r 5 " 111 e Ill., Fire Department. g~water, N. Y., Polic'e Department. El• nura N y F ' Em .' • • ·• ire D epartmcnt. E pona, Kan s., City Fire Departmem r:i~:~ion, Ill., Fire Department. • Far th • _Mass.,. Health Department. O Far~i;1 ~- D,, fme~gency Department. Flint on, 1 _I., Fire Department. Fond" <lui~h., Fir~. and. Police Department. Fort Atk' .ac, \\t is.. Fire Department. Fort Wa '. nson, \~' is., Safety Departme nt. Gardner )·J.1t InrJ •• ~Oard of H eal t h. Gerard 'K ass., Police Department. Glenda!' ans., H ealth Dept. Glau e, Cal.. Board •of Health. ccster l'vI p . Grayslake 'Ill asf, o 1ice Department. Hammond ·• ·ire Department. Henry Ill' iid., Safety Department. Hil?hl;nd 'j_:, ' mergency Departmcn t. Holland M~rk, Tl!.. Fire Department Holyok~ Mich., S~fety Department. ' ass., C•ty Hospital. ~,?- l' Hudson, ~1ass., Police Depa rtment. 1-1 uron, So ut h p akota._ Internation a l !•a ll , M11rn ., _Health D epartment. -Ironwood, Mich .,.. F ire D epartment. Jackson , Mich., l•_1re D epa rtme nt. Janes,·ille, Wis., FI re__ De partme nt. Jersey Cuy, N. J ., bre D epartm ent. , Joliet, 111., Fire Depar tm ent. Kansas ity, ?l! o., Park D epa rt me nt. Ke.nora, O n t., Canada., Sa fe ty Department. Lafayette, I nd., Public Safe ty Departmem. Lake Forest, J II. , Fire D epartm ent. _ Lake Villa, 111., Police D epa rtm e nt. Leomi nster, l\Ias s., Fire Depart ment. Lethbri dge, A lta., Can., Sa fe ty Department. Logan sport, Ind., P ublic ~afety Department. Lincol n, Ill. , Safe ty De par tme nt. Libertyv ille, Ill., Fire De partme nt. Luding to n, 1 lich ., H ea lth D epartm ent. Manch ester, Mass., P olice D epartment. ~laynard , :\fas. ac hu se!ts. Milwaukee, Wis., Eme r ge ncy Hospital. Mil es ity, Mont., L ig ht & P ower De pt. i\ lil fo rd, 1\,Jas ., Boar d of H ea lth. l\lari on , hio, F ir e D epartm ent. Merr ill , \ Vi ·., afcty De part ment. Minneapolis, Minn., F ire D~partm ent. Murphysboro, Ill., F ire Departm,·nt . !\•[orris, 111., F ire De partment. l\ashua, N. H .; Fi re Department. New York City, F ire Department. New Yo rk City , N. Y .. Dept. P ublic Charities. New London, Wis., Emergency Department. North Chicago, Ill., Fire Department. O.egon, 111., E mergency Department. Oskaloosa, la., Municipal Laboratory. Pa inesv ill e, O hio, Fire Department. Pana, Ill., Fire Department. Parsons, Kan s., Fire Department. Pasadena, Cal., Fire Department. Peoria, Ill., Fire Department. Pe tersburg-. 111.. Board of Super visors. Pitman, N. ]., Emergency Department. P ipes ton e, Minn., Fire Department. Portland, Ore .. Harbor Master. P or t Huro n, Mich., Safety Department. P onca City, Okla., Safety Department. Ra cin e, V.1is ., P olice Department. Red Bank, N. J ., Fire Department. Renville, Minn., Safety Department. Richmond, Ind., Fire Department. Riverton, Ill., Fire Department. Riverside, 111., Police Department. Rochester, J nd., Emergency Department. Rochester, Mi11n,, Fire Department. Rockland, Mass., Fire Department. Rockford, Ill.. Police Department. Sacram ento, Cal., Emergency Department. Sandusky, Ohio." Degartment Public Safety. Santa M'onica. Cal., Emergency Depactment. Sharon, P a., Fire Department. ~heboygan, ·wis., Board of Public Works. heridan,_ \:Vyoming, Safety Department. Somerville, Mass., Fire Department. South Haven, Mich:, Board of Health. Stamford, Conn., Police Department. Sto11eham, Mass., Police Department. Stratford, Ont. Canada, Fire Department.St. Joseph, Mich., Safety Department. �CITIES-Continued. Spoka ne, vV~sh., ~111e1:i,ci1cy 1-1 os pital. _./ Superior, Wis., Fire Depa rtn~ent._ Springheld, 111., Department 1 ublic Safet) Swampscott, Mass., Po lice Department. ·1omahawk, ~Vis., Emergency Dcpa rtlll cnt. Universal City, C~l., Emergency Depa r tm ent. \\"alp ok, J-Ja~ s., r,:~rc Depa rtm e nt. Warren, Oh10, hre _Department. Washington, D. C., J:1re Depar t m e nt. Waterbury, C~)Jln., . Fire Departm e nt. \\'atertown, \V is ., !71re Department. Wauconda, 111., I'-tre Department. Wausau, \\ is., Board <?f Health . Welks ley, rilass·.., Police D epartm ent. White Plains, N. Y., _F ire Departm ent. \\'ilmington, Del., Poh ~e Depa rt men t. Wi lliamsport, Pa., Police Departm ent. Wilme tte, lll., F ire D ~partm c nt. \\'inchester, i\lass., Police Department. Winnipeg, J\lanitoba, Ca nada. Waukegan, 111., Fire Departm ent. Waconia, l\[ inn., Safety Departm ent. Yonkers, N. Y., Police Departm ent. Youngstown, O hi o, Fire Departm en t. Yates Center, Kas., Eme rge ncy Departm ent. MUNICIPAL PLANTS. Pasadena, Cal., Electric Light Plant. Dam·crs, Mass., Electric Light Department. -Riverside. Cal., Electric Light Depar t ment. PARKS AND BATHING BEACHES. Atlantic City, New 'Jersey. Bailey's Beach, Newport, R. I. Bloomington, Ill. Binima Baths, Los Angeles, Calif. Brighton Beach Baths, Brighton Beac h, . Y . Cantwell Bathing Beach, Chica go. 111. Commodore Lande s, Co ney I s bnd , :?\. Y. Denver, Colo. . Edgewater Park, Cleveland, Ohio. Indianapolis, I nd., Recreati o n Departm C' nl. ~Green Lake Beach, S ea ttl e, \ Vash. Kansas City, Mo., Swope Park. Lake Forest, l llinois, Beach. Lake Shore Beach, Chicago, 111. Long Beach Association, Long Beach, N. Y. _Lu~a Park Amusement Co., Cleve lan cl, O hi c, ' 1hnneapolis, Minnesota. Murdock Bath House Co. , Ga h ·r s to n, T~xa s. t\ew Rochelle, New York. Oc~an City, New Jersey. Ohio Street Beach, Chicago, Ill. Ocean Beach Ass'n Ocean · Beach Fire Island. N. Y. ., ' Palisades Interstate Park Assn., New York City, N. Y. }locky Ledge Beach, Chicago, Ill. \\'~lttlr. \\ ash., Mt. Baker Beach. \\' 1so!1 Beach, Chicago, Ill. Wash!ngton Park, Den ve r, Colo. aslun gton Heights Pool. Chica1?0. Tl!. • . RIV·ER SERVICE. B . MUNICIPAL BATHS. Cuy of Chicago, Ill. M~1hmore,_ Maryland. o p nneapofts, Minnesota. atterson Park Field House, Daltim ore, Md. Nor , . NA'~ATORIUMS. Side Natatormm. C!iicagn. TIJ •iii • unarnotors Replaced All Other Resuscitating .Devices, HOSPITALS r" . 1· Abh utt H o~ . ., I, 111 in n~a poh,s,_ 11 111n : i\kxian llrot hc1·s llosp1tal, J_~l1 za hcth, N. ). i\nnapolis E mer g ency Jlos p1t:1 l, .'\1111 a p o lt s, i\ld . ,\u bur n ' ity J l osp!tal , .t\ ul.Ju rn, i'\ . Y. Alice Jlom c ll ?sp1tal, Lake l·o r es t, l 11. 1\1l i:11to\\ 11 J losp1ta l, Alle nt own, Pa. i\ngcks 11 osp it~ l, Los_ A nge les, La l Angustana l losp1tal, CI11cago, Ill. /\v lt man fl ospi ta l, Canton, Ohio. Bayonne J-l ospi t_al and Di::pcns_ary, Bayc,n11c, '. J. Uaptist ana torm m and llosp1tal, .. Ilousto!1, Tex. '' l.Jattl c Cr ·c:k Sanitarium, B:tttlc Lrcek, :.'1[1ch. Deave r \' all c) General Hospital, :\cw Dr,g:hton, I'a. -' I.Jc'ncv ue 11o:;pi tal, . 'l'\I York Lil), .. "\ . Bethes da II ospita l, Cincinnati, Ohio Bl oomin g da le H ospital, \Vhitc Plains, ~- Y. Bismark H osp:tal, llismark, N. D. llosto n talc II o~pital, Doston, :.\lass. Bradford H ospital, Ilrarlford, Pa. Braddoc k Gene ral Hospital, Br,ult.lock, !'a. Boston City 11 ospital. lluston, .\ I a,,. l{l'lid Sta ti on. Bro nso n H ospi ta l, Kalamazou, i\[ich . Calum et llos pital, Douglas, . \ rizona. City H ospital, \\'orth inglon, i\111111. Cha ritv Hosp it:1 I, X or ristown, I'a . Charter Oak H ospita l, Hartford, Co1111. Chi cago Hospita l J\lcdi ca l Co llege, Ch icago , Ill. Christ Hos pital, Cincinn ati, Ohio. Columbia Hospital for \\" o men, \Va s hi ng to n, D. C. Christ Hos pita l, Jersey Cit y., l'\ . ] . City Hospita l, Gi ra rd, K ans. City llospi t.:1 1, J-J emp h i , T e nn. Ci ty l lospital , )l ilforcl. l\Iass. Cit y H osp ital, Sacra mento, Ca l. City and Co unty H ospita l, D enve r, Co lo. City and (:ounty Hospital, SL Paul, M inn. Cottage Hospita l, Cr es ton, l owa. Crocker St. Hospital. Los Ang~les, Cal. Clara Barton Hospita l, Los Angel es. Ca l. Essex County Is o la tion Hospita l, Be llev ill e, N . J . Englewood H osp ital, C hicago. 111. E nglewood Hospital, En g lewood, . J. Fairmount Surgical Sa11itarium, Jersey City, N. ]. Fordham Hospita l, New Yo rk Cit y, l\. Y. Fort Dearborn Hospital. Chicago, 111. Framingham H ospita l, Frnmingham, :\ ! as s. Fraternal Hospi tal. Arca ta , Humb o ldt Co .. Cal. Freedmen's Hospital, \Vashin gton . D . C. Galesburg Hospital. Galesbur g, lll. Garfield H Ospital. \Vashington, D. C. German Hospital, Chicago, 111 . . General Hospital, i\Iedicine Hat, Alt., Canada. Glenwood Springs Sanitarium, Glenwo o d Sp ri1 1p;s Colo. Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles. Cali f. Good Samaritan Hospital, Lexington, Ky. Grace Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio. Grady Hospital, Atlanta, Ga. Grant Hospital, Columhus, Ohio. Gouverneur Hospital, N e"' York Cit y , N. Y. Hardy Sanitarium. Ardmore, Okla. Harle m Hospital. New York City, N . Y. Hartford Hospital; Hartford, Conn, Homeopathic Hospital. Pittsburgh . Pa H\ishland Hospital. Asheville, N. C.. J-l111sdale Sanitarium. Hinsdale, Ill. Hahnemann Hospital, Chica,so, Ill. Hahnemann HosP.ital, New York City. N. Y . " "' Lun gmotors Replaced All Other Resuscit'1tinrr Devices. ■ I ~ HOSPITALS-Continue·a. "I >, lahneuiann Hospit al, Scranton, 11 a. :: o,n(•opathic J losp ital, Unffal o, 1\. Y. olyolcc City llospita l, Ho lyoke, Mass. :roquois Eme rge ncy Hoapilal, Chicagc, 111. nunanu el H ospital, i\.lankato, J.linn. In gleside !Jospital, Ca nton, Ohio. Jauc C. Stonnont Hospital, Topeka, Kans. J tltcr,uu County H ospital, Fairlield, Iowa. J~rsey City Hospital, J erscy City, N. J. John ston Eme rg ency Hospital, Mi lwa uKce, \ Vis. Kant Summ it Hospita l l~ane Pa Ktlsa ·anitarium, lilo;mingt~n. i"11. Law rcu cc 11 ospital all!.! T rai ning Sch oo l, Lawrcnc c, Kans. L1kc,1dc Sanitarium, Oshkosh, \Vi s. Lakeside ll ospita l, Cleveland, Ohio. Lakes1tlc l·lo ·pital, Chica;,:o, ll l. Ld;c ~hc, rc l l ospual, Ch1,a gu, Ill. 1.au o l Iu,p ita l, H as tings, i\J inn. Lincoln Cou nty M iucrs' Hospital, Kemm er er, \V yo. l.i11k Jialls llos JJi!al, Lillie Fa lls, N. Y. Ly111g-in Jlo pita !, .New York City, N. Y. ,\ta111ia1tan I:.yc, Ear & Throat J·Jospital, N~w \ ork Ci ty, N. Y. .\la,sad:usrtts l·lo111tnpa tl1ic Hospital, Boston, ,\ Iass. .\lcmurial Hospital, ,\ l!I\' Lontlon, Conn . .\!er -er l lospi ta l, Tn·mon, .N. J. .\krcl' r J I o,p ita l, Canton , O hio. ) 1crcy Husp1t ::d, Baltimore, Md. \lc rc v Jlu spital, \\"ilkt·s B,i rr e; Pa. :,liau;i Jnsp ira tio11 ll ospital, niiami, \ri z. \linor Hospital, Sea ttle, \,Vas h. ;,lichacl Reese llo_spital/. Chica_go, \Jontgomcry 1-Jospnal, l!:au Cl_a1re, \\ ,s. ~loorc Emergency Hosp1 ta_l, E ld ora, l owa. J. lemorial H osp1tal, Long llranch, N. J. \ l 0111110 lltl1 . . • I1Ieu bci·"" Hospital, I'lamttdd, N. J. \In o . •\ell' bur),1,urt H ospiLal, 1' cwl1myport, il l ass. , · ; I\' )Ort Hospital, New port, h.. 1: ~~ 1 ·I·" C'il'·J Hospita l, Nc·wark, :\, J. \cwat •\cwto n l"·, ospit·tl ' • •;\ cw tun, ,\lass. . • ' ' ork Post Graduate Schoo l a11J llospital, 'lew ' .. y • :-1/ w York C11y, N. • . ' e y 0 k Red Cross Hospital, N_~w York City. ;-iew: ~ Lutheran De.ico ness Hosp ital, ,\I injliorwegia11 . ucapolis, i\ltnn. . . . • ·c·i•ro Hospital, Cluca-go, Ill. I L111 ' 0 • l P onuac, • M 1c " I1. ;\"ortt I d Cou nty Hosp1ta, Oak an Sanitarium, Holden, Mo. . Q)(forf- . Hospital, New York City, N . Y. polyc intGencral Hospital, Paters01_1, N. J . Patc~s?n , Hospital, Platt;burgh, N. Y. p1tys1cians_an Hospital, Pittsburg, Pa. Presbyter'. n Hospital, New Orlea ns, La. • I, I.,·Ittsburgh Pre sbytcria . iia Eye alllI E'ar 11 osp1ta . pennsY 1va1 • • l]!· pa •.. ,., Hospi tal, Reel Wing, Minn. 111 " U \\·. " Hospital, p a<Iuca I1, IT ,,~ '\.CB t uc I,y. Rii•ers1dc . HO""'\T ALS-Conti~u,d. l{ol sto n l fos'pital. E l 1-'aso Te x Ronie Hos11ital, Rom e N Robinso·1 J fi 'B . • . • r • 11 1rmary, irmrng-ham, /\ la. ,{ockawa,· u •a I1 II . ., c c • osp1 ta l, Far Roch1 ,a·• \ . , · SIia1\l1ee Gener· I I' . " • . • •. , . 3 .i ·,o p11a l, Sha" nee Okla Sloane: Ho· • l • ' • , >P J\a ior \ Vome n, Ne w York c1·,,. Sparcs I ,, [ • I ., · Sist i1 cm?n a Hospi tal, Fort Smith; Ark. c;· ers, osp1ta l, Sacramento, Cal. ~~s_t ers Hospital, Los Angeles, Cal. m and Cancer Hospital, Ne w York Cit•:. .. ~cran1~11 to H osp ital, Sacramento, Ca l. • • ••• \. S,. ,\n11 s o, pital, Ckn:l,t11d. Oh io. ~t. 13arnal,_as', Hospital, Mi11ncapolis, !lli nn. t. Cath~rnic s General and i\Iarine II ospii:, l, ~ • Cathcrm e's, Ont., Can. .:it. y •• S rr ~t. ~lizab.cth's H~spital, Chicago, Ill. t. Francis Hospllal, San Francisco, Cal. sS1. James Hospital. P ort Jcficrso,1. 1:.....• \ ' . •.I. Jose ph's Ho,pital, I'-ar Rockawav, :;- , Y. St. Joseph 's Hospital, Reading, Pa.· St. Jose¥h's Hospital, Paterson, 1 ·. J. St. Joseph's Hospital, Fo1 t Wayne, Ind. St. Josep_h's Hospital, Aur('ra, Ill. St. Joseph's Hospital, Mankato, ;\Jinn. St. Joseph's Hospital, Joliet, Ill. St, Luke's Hospital, Clev~Iand Ohio . St. Luke's Hospital,' DaYcnp~rt, Io.wa. St. Luke's Hospjtal, Fergus Falls, ?llinn. St. Luke's Hospital, St. Paul, i\Iinn. St. Mary's Hospital, Passaic, ~- J. St. Marys Hospital, Rochester i\linn. St. Mary's and Elizabeth's Hospital, Louisl"i!ie. Ky. St. '.l!ary's Hospital, i\Iadison, \\'is. St. Vincent's Hospital, Staten Island, N. Y. St. Vincent's Hospital, Birmingham, Ala. Streeter Hospital, Chicago, Ill. Swedish Hospital, Seattle, \\'ashington. Temple Sanitarium, Temple, Tex. Theda Clarke i\lemorial Hospital, Nceuah, \\'i,. Titu;ville Hospital, TihlS\·ille, Pa. tinion .1\\-cnue Hospital, Framingham, )fass. Union Bcncrnlcnt Hospi tal, Grand Rapids, Mich. Vancouver General Hospital, _Yanc,".uver, B. C. \\'alt~r Recd General 1·1o,piral. 1 akoma l'ark, D. C. N v \\'. C. A. Hospi tal, Jamesto,,:11, 1 • - • \\'arren Hospital, Warren, i\~111~. . • rrton Boulevard Hosptta., C!uca. go, Ill. \,\'as1un,, . . . ton Park Hospital, Clucago, l 1I. 1 Was iing . Homeopathic Hospital. Camd<!u, ~. J. w,st 1er,e\ p· . r ' Pein; Hospital, 1ttsuurg-. :i. \\'.c~t Plains Hospital, Whi te Plains. l\ . Y. \,\ Jule ·a Ge·neral Hospital, St. Pan!, i\l inn. \\'es: Si ~ t Hospital, Williamsport, Pa. Wil11amspor ·al Hospital, Omaha, l'\eb. . Wise jlemon, . �I DOCTORS . Bryant, Dr .. E . .A., Los Angeles, 1..l 1. Bodine, Prof. J . A., New Yo rk City, .N. Y. . Bainbridge, Dr. William Seaman, New York City, N. Y. Childs, Dr. John IL, ~ c w Y ork Ci ty, >J . Y. Crouse, Dr. Hugh, El Paso, Texas. Crain, Dr. i\1. R., Rutland, Vt. Dahl. Dr. G. A., Mankato, l\I inn . Diller, Dr. A. C., Aurora, II I. Edmunson, Dr. Geo., Clinton , Ill. Graves, Dr. C. Herman, Canon City_, Co lo. Goodman, Dr. S. J., Co lum bus! Ohio. Gupta, Dr. S. P ., Benaru~, Jnd111. Hathaway, .Dr. C. L., Orion, Mic h. Hunt, Dr. C. S., New Y ork Ci ty, N . Y. Jon es ·Dr. Russe ll, Philadclph i:l, E dg ew oou , Pa. Johns'o n, Dr. A. E., Red Wing, M inn. . Jonas Dr. A. T., Omaha, !I: e b. Kane' Dr. Evan O' Neil, Kane, Pa. Klom~n, Dr. E . H. , Ba ltim or e, :\ la ry lan d. Knight, Dr. F. C., Waukega n, 111. Little, Dr. F. H., Muscatin e, Iowa . Ma y o, Plummer and Judd, Dr s. R oc hester, 1 1inn. l\IcKinnon. Dr. G. vV., Arcata, Cal. :!\fcNeile, Dr. L. G., Los An g eles. Cal. :O.Juller, Dr. C. L., Nevad a City, Ca l. . Oakland, Dr. Ha r ry G., l'vl ilwa uk ec, \ Vis. Ochsn er, Dr. A. J., Chica go, 111. Patton, Dr. F. P ., Glencoe, 111. Peabody, Dr. P. D ., \i\Tebster, S. D . Peek, Dr. L eo n As hley, Palm Beach. F la. Ouain & R a m s tad -Drs ., Bismark, N. D . Rimer, Dr. E. \V.,'Brc ckc nrid ge, i\fi nn. Reyn o ld_s. Dr. ,\J. S., Yates Ce,!ter, K:n\ Roan. F ish e r & Str a·uss , Drs., B 1 m arck, . D. ·Rudd y, Dr. F. L., \Vat ertown , N. Y. Sharpless . Dr. Frederic~ C.. Ros ~m o nt, P a . Sogge, Dr. Ludwi g , v\ melon, M111n . Sala. Dr. E. l\·I., Ro ck I s tand, Jtl . Swai n, Dr. H oward I., Boston, Mass. 1 Turn e r, Dr. D. A ., Goldfi~ld, Nev. _ Thom son , Dr. \I\T. A., Re g ina,, Sask., C 1 y 1 \ Va Iker. Dr . .]. B .. Eastl_1amp_ton, L. •• • • \Ve ek , Dr. L. C., Detroit, l\!11111 . . Whitlock. Dr. W. A., Kitchrn g l\hlls. S. C. VVilinks; Dr. C. \ I\T., A naconda, l'vfont. \ Vort h Dr. E . P .. Oak Rluffs, l\fas$ •. \ 1I\T 1· • 1 Dr V T~J Mt Clemens, M ich. N U ; ;:BLIC SER~ICE COMPANIES. B' •11 ,.,t,am Ala. A laba ma F uel & Tr on C °·, . tri!1: {' m 'Alabama. A laba ma Pow er Company, Bin~u_i,g iae;. Austin Gas Li g ht Company, A th1st T & Fuel Co., B enton Harbor & ~t. Josep as . Benton Harbor_. J\'!1ch. "o- J & Pow er Company, ,:,r. ir m ingham R ail way Li o it .Binn ingharn: A t.,1ua~~a. C Brooklyn, New Yorlc. Drook]\"n Rapid 1 r an ~.t 0 :• 11 " I r 1\1 & Co Chicago, 1 • . II!inoi;. By ll es~y, • : ' • T :• Company, Cairo, Cniro J·.lcclnc 8: ~act10!1 Ohio. ,:. ca n ton Electric Co ... CcntoC~tralia , Ill. . Centralia G_as & Elcpctnc oC:o Adrian. MC1chtorado 0 Citizens Light & ower & p'ower Co., Colorado Lig ht, H eat ' Ottawa Springs. Colo. p . Railway Co., ' Otun-v a & • cona ' I te Ind C·11i carq) "' • I- au , ' 111. I C ,pan)' Terre I Ohio. Citizens Ga , & Fn e on . JI , ' C)cvel;t!H 'p 0 vic• 5 • 1r,·~1}r'Res uscit 3 tinC Cleveland Raih1·ay ~- Lungmotors Replaced ct' c~;: PUP"""TC SERVICE COMP ANIES-Conti.med. Consumers P'o wer Co., Minot, N. 0 . Columbus Ry. Power & Light Co., Co lumb us O. Danville Street Railway & Light '.".o., Danv ill e 111 Decatur Railway & Lig ht Co., D ,catu r, 111. ' • Des Moines Electric Co., De s l\Io ines . la . '"Denver Gas & Electr ic Co., D e nver , Colo. Edison Electric Company, Lancaste r, Pa. Electric Company of l\I issouri, \I\Tebste r Groves M~ Ill. . ;subu_rhan Gas & E lectric Co .. Revere, l\f ass'\Vis. ~upenor \Vater Light & Pnwer Co., Superior, ~Tennessee Co~! & Iron ·co., Ensley, Ala. Tenney & Cp., Boston, l\Iass. •on Co., Terre Haute, Indianapolis & Eastern Tractt Indianapolis, Ind. aign. U. & C. Railway Gas & Electric Co., Champ • I!J. · Mn Union Electric Light & Power Co.. St. Lo_uis°N United Gas & Elec En"' Corp New York City, ·n1. U • • o,• ., Bl 00 minrrton. nion Gas & Electric Company, "'c J Unjted Hydro Electric Co., Georget0\\'. 11 • s °Col. United Hy~ro Electric Co., Idaho Spnni.' I. ~~esterly Light & Power Co., vVesterlYCol /Stern Light & Power Co ..- Boulder~ p~. \\ ilkcs-Barre Companv Wilkes-Barr ' •«s. v: •L REFINING COMPANIES . , Elmira Water, Light & P ower Co .. Elmi ra, N ew York. q :.'itchbur n- Ga s & E lec tr ic Co., Fitchbu rg, :-las, . Galesburg Railway Light & Power Co., Galesb urg, Ill. Genesee Light & P o wer Co., Ba tav ia. N. Y. Harrisburg L ight, Heat & rower Co., H ar risburg, Pa. Hartford City Ga L ight Company, Hartfo rd, Conn . "'Haverhill E lectri c Company, IIa.verhil l. .:-l a -. Houston Gas & Electric Company, Housto n, T exas. Hydro Electric P ower Commis·ion of Ont., Toron to, Ont. Can . Illinois Tra ction Company, Peoria, 111. · rntcrborough Rap id Transit Co., Kew Yo rk Cit y. Inters tate Li~ht & Power Company, Ga!..: na, Il l. J acksonvi lle Ra ill\':t)' & Light Co., Jack onville, Ill. J efferson City Light, Heal & Power Company, Jefferson City, l\l o. f..:ey City Gas Compa ny, Dubuque, Io wa . Laclede Gas Lig ht Company, St. L ou is. :ll o. Li ~ht, }frat & P o \\' i.:r i....orporation, Hos ton . .:-! as;. Lockport Light, Htg. & Power Co., Lockport, :-1. \. Long Lake l 111pr0Yemc11t .-\s,'n., Lo ng La ke Tit. •·:\Tald cn & l\klro .. e Gas Lig:ht Co .. ?lofa ld cn, :\l a~;. :\i iliord Gas ompany . .:-1ilford, :\l a s. Mississippi Rive r Power Co., Ke okuk, Iowa . ?\lo. Pub. Utilities Co .. Cape Girardeau, l\lo. Northern Colorad o Power Lo .. Bou lder, Colo. Northern Connecticut Light & Powe r C:i., Thomp• sonville. Conn. ' . Ottumwa Railroad & Ligh t Co ., O ttumwa, Iol\'a. Ontario Power Co., N iagara Falls, N. Y. ,:. prO\·idence Gas Co., Prod de nce, R. T. Peoria Railway Co., Peoria, Ill. . Public Utilities Co., Grand Rapids. !\heh. Red. Wing Gas, Light & Power Co., Red Wing, :Minn. .~an Joaquin Li;l'ht ~ P ow~r Corp'n., Fresno, · Sall~<. ··Southern Cahforn1a Edison Co. . Los An.,c Cal . Sprin.g Valley Gas & Electric Co., Spring Valley, ' RAILROApS. ~ Ne w York. \ l\lcstcheste r & Bost ,. R. R., New York City. ~ • -Gra nd Ra p(d s Ry. Co., Grand Rapids, Mich . Grand Rapids, Holland & Chicago Ry., Holland, l\I ich. U1~ ion P acifi c R. R Hosp ital Dept., Omaha, Neb. VV1lkes-Ba rr c Ry. Co., 'Wi lkes-Ba rre , Pa. J' • ungi:iotors Replaced All Other Resuscita tin!:' Dev• 1\111erican Deel ug-a r Co., Chino, Ca l. American Beet Sugar Co., Oxna rd, Cal. Corn Products Refin ing Co., Argo, 111. Corn Products Refi ning Co., Edgewater, N. J. Corn Products Refini ng- Co., Pekin, Ill. Corn Products Refin ing Co., Gra ni te City, Ill. :National Starch W orks, Oswego, N. Y. St.indard Oil Company, New York City, N. Y. S taley :!\fig. Company, Deca tur, 111. T exas Oil Compa ny, P ort Ar thur, Texas. T ide \!\Tater Oil Co., Bayonne, N. J. V acuum Oi l Co., O lean , N. Y. Vacuum Oil Co., Bayonn e, . J. CAR BIDE CO MPANI E S ,:,rnion Carhid,• Co., Sault Ste. :\Iarie, 1Iicl1. *Union Carbick Co., \Vella nd, Ont., Can. ~'l'nion Carbide Co., \:iagara Falls, . Y. CEMEN T COMPANI E S Atl as Port la nd Cem ent Co., llann iba l, Mo. At l_as Port la nd Cement Co., No r th ham pton , Pa . CI11::ago Por tland Cement Co., O glesby, 111. ' cw York & New E ng lan d Cemen t & L im e Co., Hudson. N. Y. MARINE TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES. Ben Franklin .Tra nsport Co., Y on kers, N . . Y. Standard Oil Company. 1'11'.arjne Trans portation Co., New York. MINES. Copper Anaconda Coppe r & i\rining Company. Braden Copper Co., Raucagua, Chili, So. Am. Brad en Copp er Co., Valparaiso Chili. Dur~o .Mountain Copper Co., T);rone, New l\frxico -~an~an Copper Works, Perth Amboy, N. J . • ~U nncd Verde Copper Co., Jerome, Ariz. Coal Big 4 Coal & Coke Co., Louisv:11.'!, Col. Brews_ter & Evans Coal Cc>., Peoria, Ill. Breaker No. 4, Kingston, Pa. Co~1solidated Coal Co., Dacona, Col. Chicago Carterville Coal Co., Herrin l1) Cuba, 111.. First Aid. ' • Duncan Coal Co., Greenville, Great Matchless Fuel Co., Louisville Col 0 Gaylord Colliery, Plymouth Pa. ' • 1-1:~ddod: i\[i nin g Co., Wilke~ Barre, Pa. K/ Lunrrmotors Replaced All Other Resuscitatin g D . cv1ces. 1 �r MINES-Continued. SCHOOL_S AND CAMPS- Contin.ued CL . "'Kingston Coa l Co. , Ki ngs ton, Pa. Juniper Coal Co., Oak Creek, Co!. 1. . , . Barre, l'a, Le hi g h \ a lle y Coa l Co mpany. \\_tlkcp ,a Lucerne First Aid Outlit, Homer City, • '''Lytle Coal Co., Lyt le, Pa. Minnequa Coal Co., Tioga, Col. Col Northern Colorado Coal Co .. Coalmont, . ., • 01111 Ow l Cre ek Coal Co mpany, -Gch_o, Vh: 2~j Routt Electric Coal Co., Junctt0n City, • 1':cw St. Louis R. l\L & P. Cci., Van Houten, ' Mexico. . k p "' S usq ueha nn a Coa l Co., Na nt1 co_-c, a. ''' S us qu e hanna Coal ·o., S hamokin, Pa._ ,:,Susq uehann a Coa l Co. S hcna1Hloah, r.1. "' S u. q nchanna Coa l Co .. Lykens, Pa. _ \Y \"· . U ni ted S tates Coa l & Iron Co., Holden, C a vVestern Coal & Selling Companv. Drn,•cr. 0 I "Wilkes- Barre Colliery Co., Hudson, Pa. Iron ,:· clc,;vc lan d Jiffs I ru 11 C0 .. l, hJH;min g-, :\lid1. Lead Federal Lead Co., Flat River. i\l0. Zinc Matthiessen & Hegelcr Zinc Co .. La Salk Ill Mineral Point Zinc Co., Mineral Point, Wis. UNDERTAKERS. ,\ !h am bra Furniture & Under tak in g Co. Alham bra, Cal. Dill ow-Sons Compa ny . . \kron , O hi c). Black man, C. Harry. Kan,as City, ~I n. Bresee Br ot hers, Los Angeles, Cal. Co nrad & Hart, Waukegan, Ill. Diggs & Sons, .!vlarion, Ohio. Dunn Co., Lawton; Okla. E. Evans Carrington & ~ons, Coloratlo Spri11gs, Col. Greenberg & Bond, Atlanta, Ga. I-l ick ma n & So n, J. N .. Terre Haute, Ind, Hill, H . W .. Liberty, l\Io. Tohn's Underta king Co., Birmingham. Ala. Jon es , T. H .. Boo ne. Iowa. · Kampp , C.. & Son., Chica go. 111. K lan er, George, Chi cago, Ill. · Larson & Holland. \•V aukegan, Iii. L udwi g Undertaki ng Company, San Anto11io. Trx l\ lille r Blanchard Co .. Canton, Ohio. •• Or r. John S .. & Son. Youngstown, Ohio. Renshler. John B .. Findlay. Ohio. Scharf. Wm. G.. Chicago, Ill. Simpson. P. A., Charleston, \V. Va. Skeclcs Brothers. Chicago, III. SCHOOLS· AND CAMPS. Ca mp .-\ndroscogg in . \\' ayne, Maine. Camp Buena V ista. Sandy I sland, ~- H Cedar Groy~ Camp, New dorp, Staten Isiand N y ~'Culver l\I1htary Academy, Culver, Ind. '1• • Camp Kennebec, ·North Belgr:ide, Me Camp Accomac, Perley Mills, Me. Denmark In1? _& Camp, _Denmark, l\faine.' Kentucky M1htary Institute, Lyndon K Na tional Training School for Boys . 511111 &"ton, D. C. ' ,, Lungmotors Reptaced All Other Rcsuscitati D , \v/ • ng cv1ccs, Ocea-n Grove amp JVI't'g. Ass. _. Ocea n Grove, N. J. R ob erl Tind a lc, Ne w Yo rk ily. N. Y. d vVawas ee Pro tecti ve A ss ociation , \,\f awasce, In • vVin om ia Camp, Denmark, l\Iaine. .amp \ \ 'o np osc t, Ha nl om Lake. . 011 11 . W yo ncgo ni e _Camp, D enma rk_. l\[ai nc. ~e Highest Award· / G1t01ndl. Prize (December 1914) H OTELS. Chi cago Beach Ilotel, Chicago, 111 . H ot el N assa u, Long Ileach, . Y. . L o ng Lakc- Improvement Assn., Lo ng Lake, lit. l.'abl o Dc:ach Hotc:1, Jacksonville, J, lorida. PRIVATE E ST ATE S. CorliL·s, \rthnr, Spring Lah, X. J. P. M. Sharples, \Vest Chester, P· F owler Farms, Lake Villa, 111. Gran•s, Tft:nry, Jr., Saranac Inn, ::-:. Y . \ Vh a lan cl, Charles. l\frs., Cb,·stt'l"t ow n, i\ l cl . \\'. S. \\', Edgar, Dayton, Ohio. li!:blo l!:miruo 1b11 Cl'he~'!9molor. 2';°a~~~:o• en· nu:~ c, -'"'~ °"'1-f:C ~tcOllb Qmrriran G!xpoaihon of fl;,~Cttp Qllb g;,a11it«lio11 1914 CLUBS. Ra ss Lake Bnsincss l\Ten's A s'11 .. 13as Lake, Ind. Cong-re~s Lake Club. IIartville. Slark Co., O hio. D edham l:oal Clllh, Dedham, i\ la . 11 ar bor Point .\s.,oc iation, ll a rb or Sp ri11 g·s. i\ 1ich. 1-la rt woocl Club, Ilartwood. N. V \Va11k ei:ra11 \\fomen's Club. \Vau kcg-a 11, Ill. V. :\ l. l'. ,\ ., Sa11rly fs land, . '. l I. REXALL DRUGGISTS. Ca ssaday Drng- Cumpa11y, .\llia11 , c, Ol1 i,,. C-ra11d a ll ., ] Jarry,\., Elyria, Ohio. l lc111 111e 11di ng-cr, :\I., 11crn,inb, ilk, '.\ . J. Ir on cck<:r. \\·111 .. Lo r;iill. O hi o. Mass ill on D ru g Compa ny. i\[ as,, ill rrn, O hi o. ?I I illcr, fohn \ \'. , Da y to n, O hi o. Se lze r D rug Co .. Akron, O hi o. W il son , J. L ambr itl gc, Oh io. MISCELLANEOUS. General Manufacturing Companies ~ ia g-ara Engi ne Co mp an y, '.\ c 1y Lon dnn, Co nn, The American Museum of Safety New York City, ·u. S. A. Contractors Green & Sons, .Chicago. Tii. Rubber Companies Firestone Tire ·& Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. Chemical Companies . Hooker Electro Chemical Co .. Nial!ara f-alls N y General Chemical Company, Cl evclanr!, Ohio.' • • Dental Schools and Clinics Forsyth Dental Infirmary, I:loston, Mass. Motion Pictures CompcU:ies Universal Film Co., Universal City, Cal. Insurance Companies 1.;rt- . Prudential Jnsurancc Co., Ne wark, N. J. Fruit Companies . -United Fruit Company, New York City, N. y Exploration Compai;ies Guggenheim Exploration Co., New· York N. Y. ·City, ,:, Lun;:motors Replaced All Other Rcsusc:ta tin D . rr cv,ccs, The LUNGMOTOR is not only right physiologically, but mechanically. An expert who criti.;ally examined the LUNG. MOTOR at the International Safety Exposition • 1 ' n his report sa,"d : "I h ave b een judging mechanical devices here and abroad s.ince the World's Columbian Exposition in 1~93. T~e LUNGMOTOR is the most perfect mechanical device I have seen in all my time". MANUFACTURED ·sy ~~w·~-~:J MAIN OFFICE AND WORJ,S 180 N: MARKET ST~ET, CHICAGO, ILL. NEW YORK CITY, 1008 Times Bldg. BOSTON, MASS., 53 Devonshire St. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Lungmotor and the Need of It -- Some Users of The Lungmotor Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1918 Subject The topic of the resource Information and direction for the Lungmotor device. Description An account of the resource 12" x 8" white and blue booklet with an 8.5" x 3.5" pamphlet. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0034 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/d31d49fbeb403c4f1adc6c02a9d796e3.pdf 5f1751609844ca8364009287271a2f77 PDF Text Text WHY WALLACE & TIERNAN CO., !Ne. NEW YORK 1919 . 'i ' I I , �I • I I w y WALLACE & TIERNAN CO., !Ne. NEW YORK 1919 �r Copyright, 1917, by Wallace (s 1'ienia11 Co., l 11r. R,pri111,,/ A1ay , 1919 Tah 11ical Publication N o. 7 Doug/a, C. McMurtrie New rorA HY sterilize water? To make it safe to drink. To render it harmless. To make sure that individuals drinking the water will not be exposed to typhoid fever or some similar disease which water may carry. A polluted water supply causes disease. Many diseases are known to be caused by bacteria or germs. Before the inception of a disease the patient in some way or other must become infected by the particular germ which causes the disease in question. There are many diseases that can be transmitted by water, and of these typhoid fever, dysentery, and cholera are the best known. The germs causing these diseases are found in sewage from patients infected with the sickness. As most refuse is discharged into or is ultimately carried away by water, it is easy to see how the water may become polluted. Typhoid fever can only be contracted by swallowing the typhoid bacillus. Unpleasant as is the thought that sewage entering a water supply ultimately reaches the consumer, it is .' �I @J:: ·• ,, a ·•, a " o• a ·c•. a . ,m ,. a -~ - • · 0 , ·• , @) a fact which must be appreciated. If in such sewage there are 'germs' from persons sick with typhoid fever, every person drinking the water is exposed to the disease and unquestionably some of them will con tract it. Now the mere fact that a water supply is not definitely known to be polluted by sewage; the fact that there are no direct pollutions does not remove the potential danger. The nature of typhoid fever is such that a person ill with the disease usually does not become sufficiently ill to remain at home until from ten to fourteen days after infection. During this period of incubation (as the time between infection and confining illness is termed) the patient is an active carrier of the disease germs. There is also a type of typhoid known as 'walking typhoid' in which persons are infected with typhoid fever, but owing to their high vital resistance or to the mildness of the attack are not confined by the illness. In addition, patients who have recently suffered from typhoid fever may possibly carry in their systems the typhoid bacillus for a considerable period after they @) have sufficiently recovered to be up and about. Persons in any of these classes going more or less about their normal daily duties, but at the same time being infected by the typhoid bacillus, are termed 'typhoid carriers'. The real danger in the pollution of a water supply is from the typhoid carrier. It has come to be recognized as almost criminal to knowingly permit untreated, polluted matter to be discharged into a water supply without treating the water supply so as to overcome the effects of the pollution. It has been said, "Every death from typhoid fever should and might soon be a proper subject for investigation by a coroner's jury." With most water supplies, however, there is nothing to prevent a typhoid carrier who goes hunting and fishing from polluting the supply. There are cases on record where such pollution remaining under the snow and ice during the winter periods has been washed into the water supply by the heavy spring thaws and rains. There are other epidemics of typhoid fever traceable to pollution .from typhoid @--- --~-• ~ T , , _ - -a@ JZ • :r.t. CL " .:-C . '. �carriers made from trains passing over the water shed. Not only surface water supplies become polluted but sub-surface and well-water supplies are also subject to pollution. A well supply is obtained from water which has passed through porous strata of earth. If the water on the surface has been subjected to pollution, and if in its passage through soil strata it is subject to pollution from cesspools or privies, the water in . the well probably will show indications of pollution. Nor should too great reliance be placed upon filtered water. To be sure, a filter cleanses a water. It removes the dirt and the color, making the water more palatable. It removes some of the bacteria or germs, but filters are not always reliable. They may not be operated at their highest state of efficiency. There may be periods when polluted water will find its way through the filters into the distributing mains, and many such cases ·are matters of record. Typhoid carriers can pollute almost any water supply, and every water "' - ., ---,· -~ -~ - --~ supply should be so treated as to overcome the effects of such pollution. The only sure way to accomplish this is to sterilize the water, and that means to kill the bacterial or germ life. Sterilization , disinfection, fumigation, vaccination, the use of antitoxins, etc., are all means of either destroying the germs before they can get into the human system, or forestalling their activity if they do get in. There are many ways of sterilizing water, but the most efficient and least expensive is to chlorinate the water. When a water is chlorinated, minute quantities of chlorine are added which absolutely destroy the germs in the water, but do not alter the chemical or physical characteristics of the water in the least. The difference between a water that has been chlorinated and one that has not been so 'treated is that in the first case the germs are destroyed, but in the second case they are not destroyed and remain in the water to cause possible disease. In 1908 the process of chlorination actively began on a large scale in this country by the use of a chlorine compound commonly known as chloride of �Il I I II I I lime. For the last few years pure chlorine, commercially known as 'liquid chlorine', has come to be used for water sterilization, and its marked increased efficiency coupled with its economy and the ease of application is bringing it daily into more favor among watenvorks men. Liquid chlorine was well known in 1908 when the first large scale use of chloride of lime was made in the sterilization of water, and it was known for a long time before that. It was not available for use in the field of water purification, however, because its application to water could not be controlled. Either too much was added, causing trouble, or not enough was added to destroy the germs, and so the object in view was not attained. Chlorine, valuable as it is in the field of water sterilization, serving as it does to protect the health of so many million people, is, at the same time, so active that it is necessary that it be properly controlled, in order to insure its proper application. This company specializes in apparatus for the control of chlorine. We have developed, designed, manufac- -I @ ~- , u.'.'." 1:i lL'..II . D -~' A . i. ·. 111 , .. ·_11 ~ • 1.11r.,.. 1:1..1~•1:.-J:1111=.ii.a:::n~::::ui rr::"l<:n r m ':'.':@) tured, and installed over two thousand installations of chlorine control apparatus at this writing (May, 1919). We have fifteen types of apparatus, which control the application of liquid · chlorine, applying the chemical to the water that it is desired to sterilize with absolute reliability-just the amount of chlorine desired, not a bit more and not a bit less. Our apparatus has been developed for the practical waterworks man. It can be operated by any competent waterworks attendant or pumping station engineer. Our equipments are now operating day after day, treating nearly three billion gallons of water per twenty-four hours on installations scattered from the northern parts of Canada to the Canal Zone, and from the trenches in France to the Philippine Islands. The cities of New York, New Haven, Hartford, Albany, Trenton, Baltimore, Richmond, Scranton, Wilkes Barre, Charleston, Birmingham, Chicago,· Indianapolis, Dallas, Austin, Minneapolis, Duluth, Salt Lake City, Butte, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, Toronto, Ottawa, and Calgary are but a few of �-~----------o µi.•- - - - - - , - - - - - - - - - - - - -........., I I ' I the better known cities protecting the health of their consumers by vV. & T. apparatus. Day after day these installations of ours are on the job sterilizing water, protecting the health of the water consumers. The cost of the process of chlorination is insignificant. The average water supply can be sterilized so that the ever present danger from polluting material will be eliminated for a total average cost of twenty cents per million gallons. Twenty cents per million gallons to protect the health of every water consumer! Twenty cents per million gallons-about one ten-thousandth of a cent per day, one cent in twenty-five years, for each man, woman, and child drinking the water. Pretty cheap insurance. Men in charge of.waterworks have a great responsibility. Their consumers rest assured in the belief that they are doing their utmost in taking every precaution to see that the water delivered to them is pure and free from organisms creating disease. Practically every up-to-date waterworks ~as its chlorinator, and at every large filter plant the water is chlorinated after filtration as a further safeguard. One of our types of chlorina tors is applicable to your waterworks. Undoubtedly this little booklet has presented to you the necessity, economy, and desirability of sterilizing your water supply. If you desire the opinion of our technical staff of trained sanitary engineers on your particular problem, without incurring the least obligation, the necessary data can be furnished on the enclosed mailing card and sent to our New York office. We have a series of technical publications describing and discussing in detail our various types of apparatus and the process of chlorination. Any of this literature will be gladly sent upon request. May we co-operate with you in securing a safe water supply for your co·mmunity? WALLACE & TIERNAN CO., INC. 349 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource WHY -- Wallace & Tieran Co., Inc. New York 1919 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1919 Subject The topic of the resource Information on the importance of clean and filtered water. Description An account of the resource 8.5" x 4" booklet with beige cover with red and black graphics. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0035 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/6a56aa816c7aff989cc4617b62657755.pdf 4826ea6900065e20870d9837211140dd PDF Text Text N ER ATIONAL CHANNE LLING ACHIN ES I.JR HEFFIELD. �INTERNATIONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES LIMITED SI-JIEFFIEL SISKOL JJVORKS P ENIST ONE ROAD Telephone Nos.: Telegrams: "CUTTA BIT, SHEFFIELD." 43004 l~ 43005 OWLERTON. CODES : A.B. C. 4TH & 5TH EDITIO NS. WESTERN UNION, WESTERN UNION FIVE LETTER EDITION, MOREING AND NEAL. LONDON: 1, BROAD STREET PLACE, E.C.2 TELEPHONE No . 7727 LONDON WALL. TELEGRAMS , " CUTTABIT." �lNTERNAT'JONAZ CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. F OREW OR D U NTIL 1921 the only light portable coal-cutting machine for headings and other narrow work ,Nas the Percussive Machine driven by compPssed a ·r, and electrically equipped mines when in need of such a machice had to install an Lf'l-bye air compressor. This necessitated 1 ot only a high first cost b t a high running cost, as an in-bye air compressor large enough to drive one Percussive Coal-Cutter required an ~lectric motor of from 25 to 30 h.p. to drive it. This necessity no longer exists, as the " SISKOL " Electric Header, which is illustrated and described in the following pages, will, with a 3-h.p. motor, do the same work as the Percussive Machine which requires a 30-h.p. motor at the air compressor. 3 �[NTERNMIONAZ CHANNELLING MACH/NE9 Ltd. iNTER.NA'rlON.AZ CHANNELLING MACHINE&' Ztd. " SISKOL ,, ELECTRIC HEADER. 4 TYPE "B." "SISKOL" ELECTRIC HEADER. TYPE "B." MOUNTED ON CARRIAGE FOR FLITTING. �INTER.NATION.Al CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. [NTERNA7'JON.Al CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. "SISKOL" THE "S I SK O L" ELECTR I C HEADER ELECTRIC HEADER TYPE "B" AS will be seen from the illustration, the machine is operated from a column by 1:1,._ means of a sector and swung to and fro across the coal face in the same way as the "SISKOL" Compressed-Air Machine but, whereas in the latter machine the primary motion is percussive, in the Electric Machine it is rotary. All gears are of steel with machine-cut teeth and are enclosed in an oil-tight box, each part receiving a copious supply of lubricant independent of gradient. A new type Chuck has been designed to ensure speedy changing of the extension rods. • Headings or Bards up to 20 ft. wide X 5 ft. deep can be cut by this machine from one setting of the column. 'illf{f\ifNf5;;/f!iX&ii~f¥!&.i?iiWi?&i?i&f;~:g.~I.J.~~Xi~M0iii1i@ff&ftf!iiVf§iff!4'~J~\~~~'.f The machine can be arranged to cut anywhere between floor and roof and will work in seams as low as 18 inches. ~- e8 /, • IR(CLAY8 "r / // It is easy to operate and weighs between 6 and 7 cwt. THE ILLUSTRATION SHOWS MACHINE CUTTING OUT FIRECLAY BAND AT FLOOR LEVEL. Motor 3 h.p. 7 6 �lNTERNAT'IONAL CHANNELLING MA.CHINES Ltd. INTERNM"'JONAZ . CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. T HE illustration opposite shows the "SISKOL" Electric Header at work in a Scottish Colliery where it is fitted with a flameproof direct current motor. At this colliery the "SISKOL" cuts regularly 4 places 12 ft. wide x 5 ft. 6 in. deep per shift, while at another colliery in the same district it cuts 6 places per shift, each place averaging 14 ft. wide x 6 ft. deep. There are now in ~se several hundred " SISKOL " Electric Headers, working chiefly in headings and on bord and pillar work. They are also being used to advantage in heading round falls on long-wall faces. In the illustration opposite a base plate with axles attached will be observe~, while on page 5 the illustration shows the same type of base plate but with the wheels on for flitting the machine intact. THE "SISKOL,, ELECTRIC HEADER UNDER WORKING CONDITIONS. 8 9 ------ -- �INTER.NAT'IONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. INTER.NAT'IONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. T ABOVE is a skeleton view of the main and interm~diate shafts with ne~essary g~ar ~heels. .fl. The main shaft has a speed of 400 r.p.m. while the speed of the intermediate 1s 80_0. The gears can be made to deal "".ith a motor spee~ of between l, I00 and 1,700 r.p.m. while still keeping the speed of the mam shaft at approximately 400 r.p.m. A specially designed c~m is secu~ed to the mai? shaft_ and as_the latter ro!ates, the cam, passing between the twm rollers, imparts the rec1procatmg motion to the mam shaft, on the screwed end of which the chuck for carrying the cutting rods is attached. The pinion engaging the gear wheel on the main shaft is broad enough to keep this wheel in mesh during its lateral movement. • 10 HE illustration on this page shows t~e quadrant, the principal parts of which are a malleable iron connecting arm and a hinged steel sector. The former has a casing provided for carrying the steel worm which engages in the machine cut teeth of the sector. It is also provided with two arms through which-as shown on page 4-slide the guide rods which connect the motor end of the machine with the front gear box. A clearance hole is provided in the arm of the quadrant through which passes the intermediate shaft connecting the motor with the gear box. The hinged sector is clarp.ped ·to the column, but as the arm is free to move, the operator by turning the handle on the end of the worm is able to impart the necessary radial motion to the frame of the machine. This is rendered easy by the fact that the cutter, on the backward stroke of the main shaft, comes clear of the coal. II �[NTERNAT'JONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. HE illustration shown here is of the front gear box _which_ carries .the main shaft w_ith cam, gears and rollers in an oil-tight chamber. It 1s a high q_u ahty mall~able c:15t111g and is provided with suitable arms to connect to the guide ~o~s. It 1s also .pr~v1ded with an attachment to take up any wear on the cam or rollers. This 1s don~ by bnng'.ng the ~en:res of the rollers closer together. The swinging action of the cam as 1t rotates m the 011-ttght gear box provides a thoroughly reliable splash lubrication. T 12 ZNTERNAT'JONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. T ~E sy.ritch box s~arter her~ illus~rated ~onfon~s in every respect with the Electricity . m Iylmes _Regulations and is provided with a simple and efficient interlocking device. With t~IS d_evice the box cannot be opened and the cable plugs cannot be withdrawn while the switch is on. The cover must be screwed down tight and the cable plugs placed in position before it is possible to put the switch on. The box is of cast-iron, of ample strength, with hinged lid, and is both flame and damp proof, the joint between box and lid having a broad machined surface. The insulation throughout is thick mica, not less than½ in. thick, with long leakage surfaces. 13 �lNTERNALlONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. SPECIFICATION OF THE "SISKOL" PATENT ELECTRIC COAL-CUTTER. TYPE "B" GEAR BOX. . ·h 1 A casting of best malleab!e iron of_ great s~rength and fitted wit gun meta bearings of ample dimensions formmg an oil bath for the cam shaft and roller bearings. lNTERNAT'JONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. SPECIFICATION-continued SU:PPOR1:ING FRA~E F~R GEAR BOX AND MOTOR. Bmlt up with rods of high tensile steel carrying the feed screw. SECTOR. Built up of malle~ble iron and steel castings of ample strength and fitt d · h steel worm and spindle. e Wlt CAM. Cast steel forging, hardened and ground. SUPPORTING COLUMN. Of the r~versi~le i:atchet type with a buttress thread screw and column tube of best Siemen s acid steel with forged ball race to take the thrust. CHUCK. Made of forged steel and of design which ensures quick changing of the extension rods. ROLLERS. Made of high-class cast steel hardened and ground. EXTENSION RODS. Forgings of high tensile steel; 6 to a set. GEARS. Nickel chrome steel, heat treated. CUTTING BITS. Of best quality cast steel, hardened and tempered. MOTOR. By first-class maker to suit any electric current, fitted with cone gland and 12 ft. of cab-tyre cable. MACHINING. All parts are accurately machined to fine limits, thus ensuring perfect interchangeability. CAM SHAFT. Of high tensile steel, accurately machined, ground and screwed at outer end to receive the chuck. All of British Manufacture. 14 15 �7NTERNATJON.AL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERECTING AND OPERATING THE "SISKOL" ELECTRIC HEADER. TYPE "B" ERECTING MACHINE. In erecting the supporting column of the machine in position it is necessary to use a wooden block underneath the base of the column and a hard wood block on the top of the screw head. If the floor is hard the wooden block between the base of the column and the floor need not be any thicker than 1 in., and need only be of medium hardness, but should be at least as broad as the base of the column. The block on the top of the column should be of hard wood and not less than 3 in. in thickness, otherwise there is danger of the block splitting. Before tightening up the screw, care should be taken to see that the base of the column is lying evenly on the wooden block ; which means the column must be at right angles to the floor. The position for fixing the column should be the middle of the heading and about 4ft. 6 in. back from the coal face. OILING. Before starting up the machine, care should always be taken to see that the gearbox is not less than half full of oil. Thin lubricating oil only should be used. If there is a leakage tighten the glands slightly. INTERNATIONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. INSTRUCTIONS-continued OPERATING. The _operator ~rom his p~sitio~ behind the column should see that the machme · b · runs ·11 ·m · a clockwise . direction . • The angle of th e prongs on t he ~uttmg ~t w1 md1cate the direction of rotation. The extension rods should be msert:d m the. chuck and turned round against and under the head of the two faste~mg bolts ~n such a way that these bolts will prevent the extension rods from t~rnmg round_ m the chuck when the machine is cutting. These bolts should be ~ghten~d up m such a way as to secure the tapered end of the extension rod tightly mto_the chuck: Start up the machine and feed forward by means of the feed ha1:dle until the. cuttmg bit comes in contact with the coal at the nearest point. Swmg the machme _slowly across the face by means of the operating handle. At the end of each swmg advance the machine a suitable distance depending on the nature of the holing. By this means a continuous channel is made in the coal. When the machine has been advanced the full distance of the extension rod the ~ext longer rod is placed in position and fed in the same manner. This operation 1s repeated until the cut is the required depth. 17 16 �[NTERNATIONAL CHANNELLING MACHINES Ltd. lNTERNAT'IONAL . CHANNELLIN_G MACHINES Ltd. I NSTRU CTIO Ns-continued SCRAPING OUT. · the cut should be kept clear of chips by means of During the cutting operation scrapers ; this is most important. C!:::l:' I !' l CH 3 o, qsr '-9 '? 0 M..CZt'itOO? z.;:c LC3!.i'it.~ . C33?I '1C1TR OP rz:s.- J.5 TO · ~ noo, ~CLOS'Jn. Tb 1II ,. t o 011rt1()· t h11t a STARTING SWITCH. Test through the earth connection. The switch is so ~rranged_ that it. is impossible for the operator to get a shock ; this is obtained by mterlockmg the handle with each plug and also with the lid. To_ open the box~~ rem_ove either or both of the plugs the switch handle must be zn the off posztzon, 1.e., horizontal. Do not use force. On the page opposite is a facsimile of the certificates granted by the Mining Department of the Sheffield University. Thl l U t o oarttfy that a " S i s.KO L" ":HR3B- POL! GA:'.'Z- o.Z,"D BO! •:nsz01.· TT1'3 , . .... , l os pao \ l y 30 a::pe . at l o• a.:1d (0apa0l t 7 a !I . B. P. =•Hu.o tenu on e 1 Zto Yol t • . 3 p.hau.~ orolu , 1460 1' , p, :i. J t o dnt~ • .-ore&D ■ hlp ad 1do n t1011l \ c 1111 e ooo n t.lal rou poo t o a.e t o :h ol ~n . • ora= : a.n eh lF ~ J Sdentl oal 10 all 111111nt\al ru;:•,n• u r::11tot1lil -.·1t h t h 11 t l nd l o a.,t od on tlruwl n il'. flo . 1 55O l:: . J.I . haa beo 11 coterlal •1th that l r.iU c ated oo Dr .. l nt Sc . :' ':'404 (dated Ja::iuar1 lZtb . 19271 bu bun aub:lltt•4 b7 ':'Ea Ili:'™ 1.ffO!llL CJiJll'":[L!.Jl~ IU~St!r."?S LIKI??i> f o r to t t o pr o 't' o ooo pllan oo 'lflth t bo deft n l tl on o f n~ r1proof t o r tut t o pron ao=pl1 an J• with tt• 4, r u :1:1 00 or n-=.sprgof • c ol o ou r o is. 3'. s. A. P\l bll ~au.on Jio . 2 Z9-l'? l!6 1 and b.so bun (o tu:.I 1nol o1uro l:! . B. B.A . P\lbll oatlon 5o . 229.19U, 1 a::d i:i u t o 11 0. t1. 11ty !. ho roqu lro::o nto l n ·all ro ll po.Jtu . to eat U !) tbe nq 1.Un :: 1 r.t ■ , , ru 25t h , l 9 £7. Profu ■ or bH:i !~'.:.r. ! 11:1 &l.l rui: ■ :lt t , J. Ml uport or th• tu ~• c srrt1d o!Jt be.• A tul l r oport or t ho too t o o,rru:1 out hall bun !'Urnt~ h1d to Tb• Int1m1t10r:al C bS:lll ■ l11n~ M&obllln,L~101, ho n t'urnl ob od. t o ThO Inturns t l onsl Ch11JUlolHn& Ue.oblnaa , Llo.lto'l . ~ ca-gr~ iprU lOtb,19 1?7. 18 ,.c. COJ.L.Ctt:Ta:3 Y.010:f oor.ttnuou ■ lJ , at ot Wn1DI• 19 Prof•no r o' KlZ!.lfld, �Printed in Eugland by Sm JOSEl'll CAUSTOX & ~oxs, LIMITED, London. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource "Siskol" Electric Header Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1929 Subject The topic of the resource Information and diagrams illustrating the portable coal cutting device, "Skiskol" Electric Header. Description An account of the resource 6" x 9" booklet with grey and blue cover. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource International Channeling Machines ltd. Sheffield. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0036 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/137a79413e479179d665e0fed19282d6.pdf de63b5615f42d521b1970bb959e7d155 PDF Text Text r , I s ................log "'c I F aeRors """"'~""I· g ec a ize fic·e cy A paper read before the annual meeting of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers at Chicago, Ill., February 20, 1q46 ~y 1ames GJeyslop Vice Pres. in Charge of Operations Hanna Coal Company �M ECHAN IZATIO N of A merican coal mining has made, and is still making, rapid pro, gress. No one needs to waste time stating its mer, its. Economic pressure will compel the abandon, ment of manual methods in coal production wher, ever mechanization is physically possible. . Econo, mic pressure will also provide the incentive needed to insure progress in the improvement of machines and mining sy tems. I submit, however, that it is entirely possible to make very rapid progress along strictly technological lines and at the same time to make much slower progress in approaching maxi, mum productivity and efficiency. As a background for what I have to say, I wish to raise the question - how efficient are our mechanized mines, and to what extent is productivity affected by the mental attitude of management and workers? T he output of any piece of mining equipment is controlled by psychological factors. The work at, titude of the machine operator and the other work, men; the state of mind of the foreman and the in, telligence and disposition of top management all af, feet production. The question is - how much? Each instance, of course, requires its own answer. In every case, however, the answer is obtainable. If the answers are not obtained and if the psycho, logical problem is ignored, it is very likely that technical studies and mechanical alterations will fail to produce results. The machinery salesman may suggest that by discarding your present equip, ment and installing his machine, you can solve your production worries. Sometimes his solution works -often it doesn't. In the successful instances not infrequently the improvement is the result of an accidental correction of some psychological factor 1 �E'. simultaneously with the change in eq ui pment. I am all for more and better machinery, bu t I have been disappointed often enouah to make me careful to avoid over-simplification of my problems by attempting to reduce them all to mechanical terms. port of this statement, the following examples are cited : In the manufacturing indu tries the effect of work attitude on production is widely recocrnized. Some manufacturers have made outstanding progress a a result of giving very special attention to psychological factors in production. T hese factor have a more marked effect on the productivity of a mechanized coal mine than they do in mo t manufacturing industries. This is largely the re ult of the fact that mechanized mining does not consist of a mere routine of pushing buttons and pulling levers. A printing press or an automatic crew machine practically does its own thinking. V ery few mining machines have this capacity built into them. Constant alertness and initiative on the part of the operator are required at all times. H e must be able and willing to adapt himself to a •et of un predictable conditions. His productivity depend , fo r the most part, upon his skill and work attitude. I f he feels that he is producing too much coal, and that he is, therefore, working himself out of a job; if he thinks the Company is making too much money; if he dislikes his foreman ; if his wife happened to spend three days' wages for a new hat the day befor~he may have a "what's the use" attitude, resultmg in a voluntary or involuntary slow-down. On some jobs, such as loading machine operator, the attitude of the workman influences not only his output, but also has a substantial effect on the men in various other related jobs. This situation is what makes it so easy for the slow-down to become chronic. On many jobs in the mine the worker's thinking may influence his prnductivity 50% or more. In sup- Time studies prove that the modern mounted coal cutter has more than twice the cutting capacity of the conventional shortwall machine. It is quite common to find, when shortwalls are discarded in favor of mounted machines, that two men, with a fan cy cutter costing three times as much as their old shortwall actually cut Jess coal- why?-usua.lly because at th time the change in equipment was made the two machine men changed from piece work to hourly rates. On the other hand I have experienced instances where two men, with an old time shortwaJI consistently got the maximum output from the machine whi le working under hourly rates. In this case they produced effici ently simply because someone was smart enough to make them want to do so. In many mines one of the produc, tion bottlenecks is drilling. I have seen one man, with a post-mount d electric drill , consistently aver, age seventy-five holes per shift without over-exerting himself. I have een mines in similar conditions, with two men operating the same type of machine, average less than sixty holes per shift-why didn't they drill more?-they didn't want to. I have seen a mine where the section tracklayers averaged lay, ing three 40-16. switches each, per seven-hour day, again without any undue exertion. I have seen other instances where it was very difficult to get a tracklayer, under similar conditions, to lay one 4016. switch in one eight-hour shift; as 'a matter of fact, it has been demonstrated that a good track, layer, by exertina himself, can lay such a switch in one hour. . Similar instances could be multiplied but these w ill serve to illustrate the point. It might be suggested that such differences in worker effi, ciency resulted from the varying amounts of pres- 2 3 �sure applied by management to force the workmen to speed u p. In none of the instances cited were the results obtained by slave-driving methods. Every, one responsible for mine outp ut today knows that the hard taskmaster method does not produce re, suits. T oday high worker efficiency is accompanied by a cheerful friendly attitude on the part of both the worker and management ; whereas low efficiency is usually accompanied by poor morale and bitter quarrelsome relations all around. It is evident that responsibility and ini tiative in the field of worker efficiency must lie with mine management. Only by recognition of this fact and by careful factual analysis in each individual case can success be achieved. I wi ll attempt here to outline some of the general problems that must be faced in any attempt to improve the ability of a management organization to influence the work at, titude of the mine worker : First, it is necessary fo r mana0 ement to know accurately the maximum potentialities of men and machines. This information is not always easy to obtain. I am not a golfer, but I presume that one of the first things I would want to know 1': ap, proaching a strange course wou\d be the established par score. Likewise, the estabhshme~t of_ par production performance in mine operation IS _ a goo? way to approach the problem o_f product10n eff1, ciency. If conceptions about this par fi~e ?ave been allowed to develop accidentally there 1s likely to be a very great error in the accepted .figure-fa~ example :- At one particular property 1~ was gen erally believed that 400 tons in one shift from a loading machine represented peak performance subsequently pr_o duction of over 11~0 _t~ns was ~n: tained on a senes of test runs. This 1s not an 6 4 usually great error in popular conceptions about mine perfo rmance. The proper initial approach to the establishment of par performance for most operations is the intelligent application of careful time studies. A ccurate time studies are not easy to get, nor is it easy to accurately interpret them, but both of these things must be done as a preliminary step to the achievement of efficient production. The principal value of such information, once obtained, is p ychological. Mine management has no hope of success until it knows of what success consists. If people believe implicitly that they can do something - they usually can. Once top management becomes aware of the potentialities of the job, the next step is to effe tively and convincingly establish this in, fo rmation in the minds of the supervisory personnel. Here agai n, this is usually no easy or simple task, but it can be done in every case and it must be done before results can come. As soon as possible, and by whatever means necessary, the accuracy of the theory being developed should be demonstrated. If time studies show that a machine can produce 150 tons per hour, the machine should be made to produce this amount at whatever cost and by what, ever means. Second, the will to produce ~ust ~e develoJ.?ed within management personnel. This attitude of mmd should be a permeating enthusiasm throughou~ th_e . whole management organization. I am afraid 1t can never be produced by suspending a threat over each supervisor that he will lose his i?b, or be other, wise penalized, in the event he fails to produce. This is a weapon, which may, of course, be used on proper occasion, but if it is relied upon as ~he primary incentive, it becomes a boomerang tendmg to Jestroy sound relationships throughout an org3:n, ization. The foreman should be made to realize �7 th at he is the guardian of productivity and shou ld be taught _to regard this responsibility as a sacred tru:;t. This calls for some study of sound economic principles and the discussion _of such princip les sho uld have a place 111 the bus111ess of every mine management organization. S_u rprisincrly few people have ever taken time to tlunk about such thi ncrs much_ less to study them c_a~efully. _ The averag~ Amencan foreman 1s suff1c1ently mtelligent and honest to appreciate these ideas and to absorb them if they are properly pre ented . It seems to me that the whole problem of industrial p ychology must rest upon a foundation of the u nder tandincr0 of a few basic economic facts. T here is now, in all quarters, a greater awareness of the importance of productivity in modern life than ever before. The part American production played in the war has awakened the entire world to the outstanding achievements made by American industry. It has also awakened our own public to some realization of the fact that the fo undation of what we call "prosperity" is industrial productivity. We are all excited by the economic confusion over wages, profits and social systems, but underneath all this we possess a fund amental realization of the unrivaled importance of productive efficiency. The American economic and industrial system has provided the incentive and the means for making the most of the expenditure of human energy app,lied to industrial production. Immigrant workers from any other land multiply their productivity and lessen the physical exertion they are accustomed to when they take a job in the United States. A Welsh or Sc?tch coal miner increases his usefulness about five trrnes when he accepts a job in one of our coal mines. We are justly proud of these achievements, we ~re aware as never before, of their importance. If m6 dustria l management fails to capitalize on th.is fav, arable trend in public thinking, it will be guilty of. a serious breach of duty-it will have failed to util, ize a tool which might have been used to great advantage in the carrying out of its responsibilities. Every member of a management organization should be characterized by a phi losophy based upon an awareness of tl1ese simple economic facts. T hird, every member of management should be made to realize his obligation to ownership. He should understand that ownership has entrusted to him the operation of its busi ness and its hope for profits; furthermore, th at his own personal prosper, ity depends upon the success of the business. These tlungs seem so si mple as to hardly require stating in a discussion of tlus kind . I am convinced, how, ever, that we take entirely too much for granted about the th.in king of the average foreman. It is unlikely that he will get these ideas straight in lus mind and adopt the proper mental attitude unless somebody takes time to present them to him in a ~ convincing and acceptable way. l __ 1 l Fourth, we Americans believe in the profit motive -we know it to be an effective means of establish, ing the will to produce. Every member of manage, ment has a right to expect that acluevement on his part will be rewarded by an increase in his compensation. It is my belief that a Company policy, assuring him that such recognition of his achievements will be forthcoming, should be stated emphatically to him and should, of course, be carried out promptly when results have been achieved. In connection with this point, it is highly desirable that the fore, man should have a clear understanding of the Com, pany's financial position. He should be informed regarding costs, profits, competition, and general business prospects. An understanding of these 7 �things will teach him how vital he is to the successful operation of the business. It will help to keep his thinking straight. Fifth, work attitude within a management organization requires more than the understanding of certain theories and principles. The delicate balance of human relationships does not maintain its equilib, rium without special effort on the part of someone, and general cooperation by everyone. N o manage, ment is on safe ground unless the superior officials have the respect and liking of their subordinates and unless the subordinates have the trust and confidence and moral support of their superiors. This is too large a field to attempt to discuss in detail here. All sorts of excellent printed in fo rmation on the subject are available. Any management organi, zation that fails to make use of this info rmation will fall short of' its true possibilities. Sixth, the eye must be kept on the ball. It is very easy to permit the diversion of attention from productivity to other problems. Good housekeeping is extremely important, but it is possible to make a fetish of it and to have everything in order to a nicety and at the same time experience low production performance. On the other hand, in almost every case high productivity is accompanied by good housekeeping. Safety is of extreme import, ance. It is possible, however, to allow safety programs, incentives, and awards to be over-emphasized and thereby divert attention from production. Here again good production performance is almost invar, iably accompanied by an excellent safety record. One of the tricks of those who oppose high produc, tion is to suggest that it is obtained by a speed-up system that maims and kills men. Bad management will produce accidents in any case. It takes good management to get production and a management 8 rganization capabl e of making a mine produce is ~!ways capable of making it safe and as suggested above in most instances the measures taken t? produce efficiency will si multaneously reduce acodents. When management has produced within it~elf the proper concepts and attitude, . the psycholog1cal problem is only half solved. It _1s the at titude of the workman that finall y deternunes the degree_ of success to be achieved. The second half of the Job, however is usually much easier to accomplish . Noth, incr is m~re infectious than enthusiastic sincerity. If th; rnanacrement organization has indeed become enthusiasti°c abo ut its job, this spirit will be caught by the workmen. This does not mean . th~t ~i~h productivity will not be opposed by certau~ md1v1d, uals, but if management makes a determined and intelligent effort, the influence of the opposition can be effectively neutralized. The ideas behind the attitude of managem ent are so fundamentally sound and so understandable that it is possible to transmit them to the workmen. If the thinking of the workmen is to be favor, ably influenced this must be done by the workmen's immediate superior. The section foreman and other final representatives of management must perform the task of morale building amongst the men. If these foremen are incapable of doing this, they are incompetent for their jobs. Here the leadership ability of the foreman is of primary importance. If he is truly a leader, his influence will guide the thinking of his men as well as their physical activi, ties. The foreman must sell himself, and his Company, to his men; he must win their loyalty; he must know how to obtain their active cooperation, at the same time maintaining their respect. 9 �The coal miner is characteri zed by a very strong sense of pride in his work. This trait should be encouraged as it will prove a powerful influence toward increasing productivity. Friendly production rivalry among workmen can also be used to great advantage. I am not going to make any effort here to cover fully the relations between the supervisor and the workman. Much has been written on the subject, abundant printed help is available. My primary purpose is to emphasize the relation of the mental attitude of management to the psychology of the worker. The miner is highly susceptible to the influence of the foreman, he is going to be iniluenced one way or the other. If the thinking of management is straight, if its convictions are clear and strong, a response will manife t itself among the workmen. The character of this response will be much more desirable than anyth.i11g that can be pro, duced by paternalistic social bettennent schemes, or attempts to play '\vet nurse" to the miner by interferincr in his personal and fami ly affai rs. T he worker re;ents this type of approach as he does not fail to sense that it has a detrimental effect on his self respect. In the coal industry, p1;or to the advent of mech, anization, we relied upon piece-work rates to provide the incentive for a large part of the production personnel. That this incentive 9idn't work very well is evinced by the fact that worker productivity reached a static level, or tended to decline. Wage incentive rates always have a tendency to associate themselves with low production rather than high production. This is particularly true in the mining industry due to the nature of the work which is characterized by factors affecting production that 10 are altogether beyond the control of either manage, ment or labor. In hand mining, tonnage rates were elevated to protect the income of the miner work, incr under handicap of adverse natural conditions. In° this way the whole hand loading industry has become penalized by excessive tonnage rates. I am opposed to piece work or worker bonus incentives of any kind in mechanized mining because I am sure that it would have t he same effect there. Unquestionably piece work rates are a powerful incen, tive, and in some industries where they can be ef, fectivcl y designed and controlled, they greatly sim, plify the production problem. It is regrettable that they cannot be used more effectively in our indus, try. I am convinced that the only guarantee of worker efficiency and consistent progress in pro, ductivity in mechanized mining lies in the ability of the supervisor to develop work enthusiasm among his men. Another pitfall on the road to efficiency lies in the temptation to permit machines to be operated far below their potential capacity. It is sometimes argued that it is more economical to operate mach, ines at low capacities in order to integrate their per, formance with other operations in the production cycle. The economies imagined are usually ficti, tious, but even if they were real, the demoralizing effect of permitting low productivity from any unit usually offsets any other advantages. If worker psychology has such a marked effect on productivity, it follows that progress in mechanization will be greatly retarded by any failure to recognize this factor. The merits of any piece of machinery, any method of procedure, or any system of operation cannot be measured unless real effi., ciency is first established. It follows, therefore, 11 �►- that selection of equipment and methods will be on a haphazard basis where proper standards of productivity have not been developed. In conclusion, let me attempt to brief the answer to the question I r;,ised at the beginning, by saying that our mechanized mines are not as effi cient as they would be if we could gain the whole-hearted cooperation of the workmen and such cooperation can be obtained when management produces within itself the proper mental approach to its job. High productivity has its origin in ideas- it must begi n in the imagination of alert minds. 12 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Psychological Factors Affecting Mechanized Mining Efficiency Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 1946 Subject The topic of the resource Causes and solution for psychological distress affecting workers efficiency. Description An account of the resource 6.5" x 4" booklet with blue cover and black text. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Hyslop Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0037 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co. https://haylibrary.cvlcollections.org/files/original/97a83540570d3532299f4200b3c7d949.pdf 679d7f2751b32c01fcc3cf4f66cde555 PDF Text Text ������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Union Pacific Collection Description An account of the resource This collection is made possible in part by a generous grant from Wyoming Humanities. All materials are the property of Union Pacific Coal Company, on long-term loan at Western Wyoming Community College. For usage inquiries, contact the <a href="https://www.uprrmuseum.org">Union Pacific Museum</a> Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Misc. UPCC Photographs Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC-ND Date Created Date of creation of the resource. ~1800s -1925 Subject The topic of the resource Various photos of locations,. workers, and family members. Description An account of the resource Varying sizes photographs of family members of miners and underground photos of workers. Type The nature or genre of the resource Photos Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1-0038 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Union Pacific Coal Co.